Volume—3
April 2015
E N D E A V O R
T O
P R O T E C T
F O R E S T S
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A N D
W I L DL I F E
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April 2015
Assalam o Alekum, The activities of the Spring Tree Planting Campaign (STPC) were in full swing all over the province. The officers were busy in STPC activities—from mangroves to dry temperate forests of the province, planting in numerous institutes, and guiding the local communities of the planting and its role which encompasses not only a single man but the whole global community. This being the third edition of the BFWD Monthly Magazine has earned very appreciation from every corner. We are glad that now the officers / officials of the department have started taken interest and are highlighting their particular area matters. We look forward for their continuous support and dedication in this compass. Finally this forum is open to everyone. You can share your knowledge and experiences on flora and fauna of the province. We have kept a portion to discuss the issues of global world concerned with environment and related issues. The fellows of the department are requested, in particular, to take part as much as they can so that this forum becomes the voice of the whole province. Best Regards
Naeem Javid Muhammad Hassani Chief Editor
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April 2015
BFWD MONTHLY MAGAZINE
Welcome Note
03
Your Views
05
Ten Green Ahadith
06
Killa Saifullah—Part I
08
Introduction to Morus alba
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Rosewater an Excellent Thing for Eyes 15 Cannis lupus
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How to do a Wildlife Survey
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A non edible Bio-Fuel in peril
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Your Photos
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BFWD Monthly Magazine
Dear Naeem! Perhaps your this business and endeavours needs overwhelming words of appreciation which we people of down
Aoa Naeem bhai Just gave it a general read and i am very much delighted to find such a finely presented multidimensional magazine that we could only expect a hardworking and intelligent Officer like you. As we have been stressing upon the lack of highlighting the progress and achievements of the Forest Departments
trodden and low IQ level society, unfortunately, lacking. But you and your budiness/work deserve our courage, contribution and help to fulfil your ambition and we, Foresters, will be your faithful fellows and colleagues in your endeavours and efforts. Nasrullah Khan Mandokhel
throughout the country and main challenges in protection and management of Forest resource. My humble suggestion will be to highlight the achievements of Balochistan Forest Department and aware the general public about selfless efforts of the Officers/Officials of the department with severely short running staff and resources. It might enhance pressure on the high ups to keep Forestry on its top priority and acknowledge the efforts and achievements of this great department. Regards Sulaiman Khan
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The BFWD Monthly Magazine Team is really thankful to all who provided their valuable suggestions and let us know our shortcomings and ideas for the betterment and improvement of the magazine. We’ll always look forward for suggestions and feedback. Best regards!
BFWD MONTHLY MAGAZINE April 2015
Ten beautiful quotes from Prophet Muhammad( ﷺPeace and Blessings be Upon Him(, on Evergreen Faith and Ecological Protection. 1) A believer is like a growing tree "The example of a believer is that of a fresh tender plant; from whatever direction the wind comes, it bends it, but when the wind quietens down, the plant becomes straight again..." narrated by Abu Hurayra, Bukhari
Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, happened to pass by a Companion, Sa’d, as he was performing ablution (wudhu) next to a
2) Plant a tree even if it's your last deed “If the Hour (the day of Resurrection) is about to be established and one of you was holding a palm shoot, let him take advantage of even one second before the Hour is established to plant it." - Al-Albani.
3) Planting trees is a renewable source of reward "If a Muslim plants a tree or sows seeds, and then a bird, or a person or an animal eats from it, it is regarded as a charitable gift (sadaqah) for him." - Imam Bukhari.
river. At this, the Prophet said, "Sa’d what is this squandering?" Sa’d replied: "Can there be an idea of squandering (israf) in ablution?" The Prophet said: "Yes, even if you are by the side of a flowing river.” - Ibn Majah.
4) Conserve resources even when used for routine rituals
5) Keeping the environment sanitary maintains the community
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"Beware of the three acts that cause you to be cursed: [1] relieving yourselves in shaded places (that people utilise), in a walkway or in a watering place." - Narrated by Mu`adh, hasan, by AlAlbani Hygiene and cleanliness (tahara) is so integral to Islam that it is actually a major subbranch of Muslim belief. Without physical hygiene, prayers are broken. Without clean facilities pollution ruins cities, and without any effort to improve one's own purity, it becomes more difficult to prevent external corruptions like littering. 6) Thus, Prophet Muhammad said about street clean-ups, "Removing harmful things from the road is an act of charity (sadaqah)." Narrated by Abu Dharr Al-Ghafari.
BFWD MONTHLY MAGAZINE
7) Say no to overconsumption (or at least reduce it) Abdullah ibn `Abbas report-
Phone: 0838-710381 Email: tulaib_javid@yahoo.com ed that the Prophet said, "The believer is not he who eats
Endeavor to protect Forests and his fill while his neighbor is Wildlife hungry." Authenticated by Al -Albani “Nothing is worse than a person who fills his stomach. It should be enough for the son of Adam to have a few bites to satisfy his hunger. If he wishes more, it should be: One-third for his food, onethird for his liquids, and onethird for his breath.� Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah. 9) Consider recycling and fixing before buying new items When asked about how the Prophet used to live in his house, the Prophet's wife,
`A'ishah (ra), said that he used to repair his own shoes, sew his clothes and carry out all such household chores done without complaint or want for more. (Authenticated by Al-Albani).
panions said, "O Allah's Messenger! Is there a reward for us in serving the animals?" He replied: "There is a reward for serving any living being." - Imam Bukhari.
10) Animals should be cared for:
The Prophet provided for animals, as did Abu Huraira who narrated this hadith. Abu Hurayra's name translates as the 'father of kittens', named so because he was known to carry kittens in the draped sleeves of his robe.
"A man felt very thirsty while he was on the way, there he came across a well. He went down the well, quenched his thirst and came out. Meanwhile he saw a dog panting and licking mud because of excessive thirst. He said to himself, "This dog is suffering from thirst as I did." So, he went down the well again, filled his shoe with water, held it with his mouth and watered the dog. Allah appreciated him for that deed and forgave him." The Com-
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Animals have a huge role in the ecological welfare system. The tenets of the Shariah law towards animals rights make it obligatory for any individual to take care of crippled animals, to rescue strays and to guard a bird's nest of eggs.
Killah Saifullah—Forestry Info By
April 2015
MUHAMMAD ANWAR KAKAR RANGE FOREST OFFICER
Sector Summary
T
he district is fair in forest cover but a negligible area has been conserved as State Forest or Wildlife Protected Area and the rest is unclassified wasteland (mostly community owned). Overall naturally occurring vegetation, including shrubs, bushes and grasses can aptly be termed as rangelands. These rangelands are substantially contributing to the local economy of the district as forage source of their livestock.
Key Findings Notified natural forests are four (4), which include; Tarawal, Khatuka, Kand, and Nasai, measuring as 20,288 ha in total. Moreover, alt-
hough there is no State Protected Area in the district, but there is one internationally acclaimed community based protected area initiative namely “Torghar Conservancy” with an approximate area of about 180,000 ha. The Torghar area is an excellent example of stewardship of natural resources by the local communities. The example set by the Torghar Conservancy is now a role model for replication in Pakistan and elsewhere in the world.
Introduction Forests play an important role in the maintenance of environmental balance. It is a well established fact that life on earth is the function of a number of direct, indirect, tangible and intangible naturally active forestry factors; these may include emission of life-sustaining Oxygen and absorption of poisonous Carbon-Di-Oxide. Forests are the main source of food, timber, firewood, shelter and a variety of medicinal herbs and also serve as baseline for food-web, thereby sustain life on earth. We need to know forests are instrumental in the re-
habilitation and development of rangelands, water management, wildlife management and soil conservation. In view of their multitasking function, we should protect and rehabilitate forests for our own existence. The representative forest type in the area is Balochistan Dry Temperate Scrub (Steppe). Historically it was dry temperate climax formation of juniper and wild pistachio. As a remnant, few isolated patches of wild
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pistachio are still surviving; it is made possible only through communal distribution of rights over land and allied resources. Overall the climax formation reduced to scrub condition due to grazing and fuel wood pressure. Presently, it is has turned to an open cover dominated by a fair amount of grasses and herbs. Major tree species are Shina (Pistacia khinjjak), Wild Ash (Fraxinus xanthoxyloides) and Obusht (Juniperus excelsa polycarpos). In the valleys Ghaz (Tamarix spp) is found in streambeds.
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Major Vegetation The major tree species found in the district are Obusht (Juniperus excelsa polycarpos), Wild Ash (Fraxinus xanthoxyloides) and Shina (Pistacia khinjjak), which occupy favorable sites. The main shrubs are Janglee Badaam/Wild Almond (Prunus eberne), Sparae (Cotoneaster spp.), Tharkha (Artemisia maritime), Crataegus spp., Kala
Zira (Carum bulbocastanum), Oman (Ephedra nebrodensis and Ephedra intermedia), Makhi (Caragana ambigua), Khakshir (Sisymbrium sophia), Zralg (Berberis lyceum), and Surae (Rosa lacerans) The ground cover is constituted mainly of (Stipa himalacia), (Dichanthium annulatum), (Chrysopogon aucheri) and (Cymbopogon spp.)
Pistacia khinjjak Pic Courtesy: Nazeer Ahmed Divisional Forest Officer Kharan
Vegetation zones of the district consist mainly of the following categories:S.No.
Vegetation Zone
Brief description
“To catch the reader's attention, place an interesting
1.
Uphill steep rocky cliffs
2.
Foot hills
3.
Piedmont plains
sentence or quote from the story here.�
Forestry Landuse
4.
Dry stream beds
Juniperus Excelsa polycarpos is the predominantly climax Species associated with Pistacia khinjjak, Ephedra nebrodensis, Ephedra intermedia and Fraxinus xanthoxyloides. It comprises mostly of the fertile deep soil plateaus like Toba Kakari and Kakar Khurasan range. It provides summer grazing land for both the local and nomadic graziers. It is dominated by a variety of shrubs like Artimesia meritima (Tharkha), Prunus ebernea (Wild almond), Caragana ambigua (Makhi), Berberis lyceum (Zralg) and Sophora grifithii (Ghuzaira) associated with herbs and grasses. Mostly modified by the local community for agriculture and other land uses. It consists of more or less flat to undulating plains. The wasteland contains mostly Artimesia meritima (Tharkha), Haloxylon grifithii with sporadic mixture of edible seasonal forage plants; thus supporting thousands of animals, both local and nomadic ones. Commonly found in the entire district where Tamarix Spp. is commonly seen.
1. Notified Forests Area (Hectares)
S. No.
Name of Forest
1.
Tarawal
4144
Not yet Hand over to the Department
2.
Khatuka
4359
Under BFWD
3.
Kand
4792
Not yet Hand over to the Department
4.
Nasai
6993
Not yet Hand over to the Department
Total
Status
20,288
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2. Commercial Forestry (Plantations) Tree species planted for Amenity and Farm forestry purpose comes under this category; mostly planted along water channels, water storage ponds, around Farmlands and household compounds. The common species are Sinjit
3. Rangelands The rangeland type in the district is classified as Central Balochistan Ranges. It has species like: Gung (Vitex agnuscastus), Ghureza (Sophora lopcuroides),
(Elaeagnus angustifolia), Sufeda (Poplus spp.), Toot/Mulberry (Morus alba), Quetta pine or Persian pine (Pinus halepensis), Saru (Cupressus sempervirens), Salix spp. Under a provincial Government development project an area of about 400 acres at Haji Nasarudin Aghbargai, Killa Saifullah
Tehsil and Killi Dost Mohammad, Muslim bagh Tehsil has been treated with water harvesting techniques whereby species like Salt bush, Wild Almond and Tamarix etc are maintained. Moreover a seed lot for natural plants was developed over 40 acres at Khatuka State Forest.
camalorum), Spanda (Peganum harmala), Washta (Stipa pennata), Weezh (Pennisetum orientale), Sargarai (Cymbopogon ja-
seem degraded due to overgrazing and fuel wood collection, as is evident from presence of less palatable and poisonous plants like Ghuzera (Sophora grifithii). The degradation is multiplied by the traditional nomadic migrants.
Tharkha (Artemisia maritime), Zawal (Achillea santolina), Zoz (Alhagi
warancusa), Margha (Pennisetum annulatum) etc. The productivity is fair with average productive capacity of 160 kg /ha. The rangelands
Most of the rangelands in the district belong to communities living around them. Due to communal ownership, usually these are accessible to all members of the community and also to nomads passing through the area on their traditional routes of mi-
gration to new areas. On the management side, no one assumes the responsibility for undertaking any activity aimed either at restoration of depleted areas or for improvement to increase the forage production and other tangible and intangible benefits.
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There is no limit on the number, type, season and period/duration of grazing. This free access to range resource by everyone and absence of responsibility on management side has led to what could be termed as the “Tragedy of Commons�, which has result-
Endeavor to protect Forests and Wildlife BFWD MONTHLY MAGAZINE
Phone: 0838-710381 Email: tulaib_javid@yahoo.com
Muhammad Anwar Kakar (Range Forest Officer) Killah Saifullah engaged in STPC Activities at Killah Saifullah However, this is not a case of common practice in the entire district. In areas, where livestock rearing is one of the sources of livelihoods, rangelands are seen as important resource and there is also a system in place for their management. This system is mostly limited to the grazing manage-
ment, whereby grazing on the rangelands is regulated through the traditional system of declaring rangelands open and close for grazing. Locally, this system is called as “Pargore� in Pashto, whereby rangelands in one growing season, i.e. spring or monsoon, are declared close for grazing and
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at the onset of next growing season it is declared as open for the herding. However, there is no limit on the number of grazing animals and period (duration) of grazing. Similarly, range readiness and other facilities necessary for grazing are also not taken into account.
Courtesy Mansoor Jaffar Divisional Forest Officer
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Morus alba Linn. April 2015
(MORACEAE)
COMMON NAMES: Tut, Mulberry. DESCRIPTION: A medium sized, deciduous tree, 9 to 15 m tall and diameters of 0.6 to 0.8 m. The crown is spreading and rounded. The leaves are simple, but varied in shape, 5 to 15 cm long and 4 to 12 cm wide. The bark is dark grayish brown with vertical ridges or fissures. It is monecious. The male flowers are in 1 to 2 cm long catkin like bunches. The female flower., are in solitary, rounded heads 0.5 to 1 cm in diameter. The flowers are greenish appearing between February and April. The fruit is a berry containing 5 to 15 small seeds, 0.7 to 1 cm long. The berries are white to pinkish to purple to red to black. The fruiting period is between March and June. DISTRIBUTION: The tree is native to Pakistan, China, MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS: This is a good tree for reforestation projects because of its fast growth and value. Also it is as wood important silkworm feed. Silkworm growers
Central Asia and Afghanistan. It has been planted in many parts of the world. SILVICAL CHARACTERISTICS: HABITAT AND ECOLOGY: A moderately intolerant tree that grows on a variety of well drained, rich soils. It requires a precipitation zone of 750 to 1250 mm/yr or more, and prefers a semi -arid, cool to cold subalpine temperate, subtropical winter/monsoon, climate with a temperature range of -10 to 40 C at elevations up to 3300 m. It will coppice easily, can be grown in mixed stands, is frost hardy, and can tolerate hot draughty conditions if irrigated. It has numerous insects and pest enemies including porcupines, defoliators, powdery mildew, root rots, and die back.
very fast and MAL of 5 to 8.5 ml/ha/yr is not uncommon. diameters of 60 cm are recorded for 15 year old trees.
REPRODUCTION: It is reproduced both from seed and by vegetative means. Insecticide treated seed can be stored. PRODUCTIVITY: It grows have a tendency to reduce the quality of the wood, by over lopping the branches and foliage, subsequently reducing tree growth. This is a good farm forestry tree. The sport goods in-
dustry's needs for its wood presents an opportunity for farmers to have a direct link with industrial markets.
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BFWD MONTHLY MAGAZINE
WOOD PROPERTIES: GRAIN: Straight, medium coarse uneven texture. Phone: 0838-710381 Email: tulaib_javid@yahoo.com
Join Us!
COLOR: Sapwood is yellowish to yellowish white, heartwood is bright yellowish brown changing tn dull brown with age.
USES: Silk worm food, fodder, fruit, carriages, sports equipment, veneer and plywood, furniture, medicinal (Bark is a veitmifuge and purgative, fruit is a laxative), and shelterbelts. References & Courtesy: 1.
DENSITY: Specific gravity of 0.69 and a calorific value of 5100 kcal/kg.
Sheikh,.M.I. (1993) Trees of Pakistan
2.
http://www.wikipedia.com
STRENGTH: Hard, elastic and resilient.
3.
http://www.google.com
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April 2015
Rosewater an Excellent Thing for Eyes By Arz Muhammad Umrani Assistant Conservator of Wildlife
Rosewater is a natural thing that is extracted from rose flower and then refined. It has many uses and is being used for centuries. It is used in most of the cosmetic products we have today. It is very beneficial for the eyes and is used for treating damaged eyes. Some of the benefits of rosewater for eyes are given below:-
If your eyes have any kind
of routine problem like irritation, swelling, burning, etc. use rose water to treat them.
treat your eyes naturally.
Rosewater also helps the eyes to relax. For this purpose dip a piece of cotton in rosewater and place it on your eyes for a few minutes.
Rosewater contains many nutrients that are good for the skin and eyes.
Rosewater also cleans
eyes.
Putting 2-3 drops of rosewater in the eyes daily keeps the eyes clean, beautiful and in the best condition. This method is used commonly to take care of the eyes.
Rosewater along with cucumber is used to remove dark circles around the eyes.
and removes dust from the eyes when a few drops of it are put in the
Put a few drops of rosewater in your eyes to
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By Mehmood Khan Sub Divisional Officer, Wildlife
BFWD MONTHLY MAGAZINE
April 2015
Introduction Canis lupus belongs to order Carnivora comprises seven families according to Corbet and Hill (1992). Carnivora contains about ninety two genera (Nowak, 1991). The carnivore are characterized by having only four digits on the hind foot, large conical canine teeth and six small incisors of roughly equal size
in both jaws. They have a reduced number of cheek teeth with the pre – molars
being especially enlarged and modified for shearing flesh.
The brain is relatively well developed in these animals. These animals are comparatively more intelligent and resourceful
Description A large male weighs about 24 Kg (52 lb) recorded by burton in 1915. An especially large male from Jath state in Rajistan (India) stood 71 cm (2 ft 4 in) high at the shoulder and measured 1.5 m (4 ft 10 in) from nose to tail tip (Chavan, 1931). Females are considerably smaller standing 50 cm (20 in) or less at the shoulder, with head
The females have their mammae situated ventrally and males have a baculum. The gestation period is usually short with the weakly developed newborn young receiving extended care from the mother.
and body lenth 100-130 cm and weight 10 to 17 Kg. The subspecies Canis Lupus chanco may reach up to 76 cm (30 in) at the shoulder. The Timber wolf of Canada is even bigger than other wolves with males reaching 97 cm (38 in) at shoulder. There is very little record of colour variation in the Balochistan population contrast to
Foot Image taken by Mehmood Khan SDO (Wildlife) Harnai 16
wolves in Canada and Russia where both white and black forms frequently occurs. The majority of specimens known from Balochistan, are the usual grayish fawn colour. A white specimen was secured near Quetta, the Capital of Balochi-
The body is covered with long coarse hair of a grizzled colour with black hairs being predominant in the back of the neck and the shoulders. The belly fur is soft and creamy – buff in colour. The face is greyer having a mixture of black and white hairs. the back of the ears are reddish – buff and they are pointed and upstanding. The Iris is pale grayish – yellow and the naked lips and gums are black. The Balochistan specimen appears to be intermediate between Canis lupus chanco and Canis lupus pallipes.
Distribution and Status The wolf is a great roamer and may occasionally occur in almost any type of habitat but generally it avoids natural forest regions as well as densely populated or well cultivated areas. It is mainly confined to the remoter tracts of extensive desert or barren hilly regions. It ascends into all the mountainous regions of Pakistan, from Balochistan to Chitral Gilgit and Baltistan in the north. The wolf is still wide spread but now rare through out Balochistan. In Balochistan its range appears to extend over the province from Mekran coast up to Zhob. The wolf is persecuted by man because of its depredation on domestic flocks of goat and sheep, and it is likely to continue declining in Balochistan but still survived in the remoter less settled mountainous areas of Balochistan. The Canis lupus pallipes continue to survive in Sibi, Harnai, Ziarat and Mekran
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Biology In the mountainous regions of Balochistan they appear to live and hunt in pairs or family groups. They are mainly nocturnal in activity. Young wolves generally remain with their parents for first few months. Wolves feed on domestic goats and sheep whenever they get the opportunity, for this reason they have been hunted and killed ruthlessly in all northern mountainous regions. They also feed on wild ungulates and catch wild hares.
vignei. Studies on wolves at USA and Canada show that females get sexual maturity at two years and males at the age of three years (Crandall 1964). The gestation period is usually sixty two to sixty three days (Mech 1970). They give birth to 3 – 5 cubs. In Balochistan newborns are produced in late winter and early spring. Five cubs, of wolf, three males and two females were
captured at Wam Tangi district Harnai, Balochistan, at about 2450 m (8000ft) elevation (T. Robertson, pers comm). Both parents share in feeding the young. Canis lupus live for ten to fifteen years (Dover, 1933) and (Walker et al. 1964).
In Balochistan there us a clear evidence that they hunt Capra falconeri, Capra hircus, Ovis orientalis and Ovis
Foot Image taken by Mehmood Khan SDO (Wildlife) Harnai
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Endeavor to protect Forests and Wildlife
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April 2015
How to do a Wildlife Survey? By Naeem Javid Muhammad Hassani Deputy Conservator of Forests
BFWD MONTHLY MAGAZINE
What is a Wildlife Survey? A survey is a series of questions asked from a group of people in order to gain information. OR Surveys are a ‘snapshot’ of what is happening on a site or in an area at one point in time. A Wildlife Survey is an assessment of all or part of the range of plants and animals which occur in a particular area.
Why do a Wildlife Survey? The goal of any survey is to collect data which can be analyzed, and used to aid decisions. While a Wildlife Survey is done for many different reasons like before a development or project, help in writing a management plan, monitor change / population over a period of time, find the status of flora / fauna, to trigger management or just to see what is there (or where things are).
Photo Courtesy: Ovais Akbar Divisional Forest Officer
What can you survey for? condition, observe changes in habitats over an area, look for changes in habitats over time.
Habitats – A ‘habitat survey’ is done to look for specific habitats in a given area, measure the extent and nature of habitats in a site, examine species composition and diversity within habitats, assess habitat structure, assess habitat
Species – A ‘species survey’ aims to identify every species in survey area, or aim to identify every spe-
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cies from a single species group within the survey area, or focus on a single species or group of species, and examine presence / absence; abundance / population structure; distribution / location / territories etc.
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Planning a survey Following are the aspects to think about 7. 8.
3. Identify the respondents
1. Determine who should be involved in conducting the survey - - engage them
2. Define what information for you will collect 9.
2.1. What do you want to know? 2.2. How will use the information?
3.1. Determine sampling strategy, if a sample is to be used
hand-out, email, webbased 5. Think about data analysis – what will the end product/ final report include (keep ‘the end in mind’!)
4. Select how the survey will be distributed: telephone, mail,
6. Develop the ques-
tionnaire Pilot test the questionnaire and other materials Develop a communication strategy to garner support the survey Consider budget, timeline, and management process 10. What resources are available?
Response Rate (RR) The proportion of people who respond / plots sampled: Example: If you distribute 50 questionnaires and you get 25 questionnaires back, your response rate is 50%.
# that answered = RR # you contacted High Response Rate promotes confidence in results. Lower Response Rate increases the likelihood of biased results. There is no standard of RR. “The higher, the better.” Anything under 60% is a warning and alarming. Why is a high return important? Because It’s the only way to know if results are representative.
Ways to increase Response Rate
Generate positive publicity for your survey.
Point out personal connection to the topic
Appeal to people’s helping tendencies – ask them to help.
Tailor, personalize communications
Make the topic salient - seem important
Make the questionnaire interesting-short and easy to complete AND easy to return
Ensure that respondents see the value of participating.
Provide incentives
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Show positive regard; Say thank you
Indicate that opportunities to respond are limited
For mail survey, provide 1st class postage/return postage.
Over sample
Use a combination of survey modes – telephone plus mail
Make (multiple) follow-up contacts – by mail, email, telephone, in person
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Instruments / Materials used in Surveying 1. GPS
9. Still Camera
2. Spotting Scope
10. Thermometers
3. Binoculars
11. First Aid box
4. pH testing kit
12. Defensive materials
5. Salt meter
13. Lodging stuff
6. Compass
14. Tents with Sleeping Bags, nets, etc
7. Camera and accessories 8. Video Recording Systems
Spotting Scope
15. Torches 16. Other required stuff like Markers, White sheets, writing stuff, etc
Choosing your survey methodology The 3 crucial questions 1. What do you want to achieve?
(e.g. change in site, evaluate management, examine species distribution, or just find out what's there?) Simply Habitats or species? Which ones?
2. What information do you need to achieve it?
(Identification of all habitats on site? an assessment of habitat quality? a record of habitat change? species presence/absence? Population size? Assessment of population change?)
3. How are you going to get this data? Surveys, monitoring or recording? A. Direct Sighting Method
B. Indirect Sighting Method Foot pints, pug marks, etc Droppings
- Seeing directly - Using binocular / spotting scope, etc - Take snaps or record video directly
New Mechanism
Aerial Survey using RS technology
GIS Technology (esp LIDAR Technolo-
Aerial photograph—The snap easily helps in W/L survey
Satellite image of Aghor Information Center Hingol National Park via Google Earth 23
HOW TO DO A W/L SURVEY?
In Part—II of Wildlife Survey We will discuss basis statistics used to carry out during enumeration of the Survey ie compilation of data, calculations carried out, analyzing the data and finally
Phone: 0838-710381 Email: tulaib_javid@yahoo.com
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Endeavor to protect Forests and Wildlife
Important to Note For Birds Survey
Timing / Route / Flyway / Specified period is important
For Ungulates / Large Wildlife Survey
Both direct and indirect methods are used.
Data can be collected from foot marks, droppings, watering spots, latrine places, resting areas, etc.
Direct methods are used in this case (no indirect method)
For migratory birds specified places (ie wetlands or water ponds) and specified period is important.
In a better survey, repetitions are avoided. It needs careful identification and expertise in animal behavior.
Use of Bird Watching Towers and other such places / structures results beneficial.
Still Cameras are of enormous important in knowing the species, number, etc.
Yet again specified time is important ie Survey are preferred in ‘mating / rut season’ and ‘breeding seasons’.
Still Cameras are of enormous important in knowing the species, number, etc.
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For Reptile Survey
Both direct and indirect methods are used.
Here foot marks / tracks and nesting places are important.
Expertise is needed in identifying reptiles via its track or skin replacements spots.
Nesting places are also important in knowing the population and extent of reptiles.
Proper timing is important for direct sighting eg marsh crocodile.
In recent times, trackers / transmitters are used to track down the movements
Still Cameras are of enormous important in knowing the species, number, etc.
BFWD MONTHLY MAGAZINE
A non edible bio fuel in peril April 2015
Badar-un-Nissa Khan has already contributed in previous editions of this magazine. The BFWD Team is thank to her for her continuous support and contributions.
Badar-Un-Nissa Khan
The escalating and inelastic demand for energy to fuel economic activities exerts pressures on its limited supply. The skyrocketing prices of petroleum products results in the depletion of non renewable energy sources and the continued investigation and use of renewable and Innovation results. As authenticated research already have proved that the country’s energy demand is expected to increase three fold by 2050, but supply position is not inspiring in anyway. The concept of Using human food as ethanol is on full bloom now a days but environmental-
ists have warned that the bio fuel craze can do as much or more damage to the environment as dirty fossil fuels, much of the Amazon Rainforest is being destroyed every year to produce bio-fuel crops. So now we see the consequences in Africa. A market has been created by British and EU laws requiring the blending of rising amounts of bio fuels into petrol and diesel. So we must Mangrove forests appear as light beam in such darkening situation because they have hidden blessing for production of bio fuel. We must search other
Salicornia is a juicy plant used as bio fuel has a higher recovery and quality of oil than other crops, the plant has no direct competition with food crops. There are experimental fields of Salicornia in Ras al-Zawr (Saudi Arabia), Eritrea (Northeast Africa) and Sonora (Northwest Mexico) aimed at the production of biodiesel. The company responsible for the Sonora trials (Global Seawater) claims that
between 225 and 250 gallons of BQ-9000 biodiesel can be produced per hectare (approximately 2.5 acres) of salicornia and is promoting a $35 million scheme to create a 12,000-acre (49 km2) salicornia farm in Bahia de Kino. Robert Glenn, a plant biologist at University of Arizona, deserves credit for demonstrating the use of Salicornia as bio fuels. Later, Jelte Rozema
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sources rather than food material, so forget corn, soy, sugar cane, palm and even jatropha; Halophytes can be productive sources of biomass energy; for example, Salicornia seed is 32% oil by mass. Halophytes flourish in arid land and can be irrigated with seawater, making them suitable for bio fuel development. Dominating many coastlines in tropical and subtropical areas, mangroves are a bridge between terrestrial and marine environments. They are also extremely productive ecosystems. The most extensive area of mangroves is found in Asia, followed by Africa
and Timothy Flowers, scientists at NASA, said that Glenn’s work is of high significance. Glenn has claimed that Salicornia could be grown on 480,000 square miles of unused land across the globe. Saudi Arabia, Eritrea and Mexico are already running trials to examine Salicornia’s potential as bio fuels. Scientists at NASA Glenn Research Center in Cleveland have been trying to fill the skies
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Salicornia is also ecofriendly plantation as it absorbs carbon dioxide. It is for these qualities that salicornia is often referred to as ‘miracle plant’. It is indeed producing miracles in some parts of the world and being rapidly adopted by countries with vast coastlines and saline water. Mangrove forests are one of the world’s most
We must continue to evolve bio fuels to incorporate feed stocks that are not only sustainable, but actually regenerative and can restore the ecosystems where they are found. Mangrove is a source of timber, fuel, railroad ties and tannin in the tropics. Having a short crop rotation period makes red mangroves a popular choice for posts and poles in managed forests in Malaysia. In Asia, commercial mangrove production is necessary for the construction of boats, houses and furni-
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threatened tropical ecosystems. Mangrove forests require stable sea levels for long-term survival. They are therefore extremely sensitive to current rising sea levels caused by global warming and climate change. More than 35% of the world’s mangroves are already gone. The figure is as high as 50% in countries such as India, the Philippines, and Vietnam, while in the
ture. Productive steps must be taken in increase the population and protective function of mangroves but also provide sustainable and valueadded livelihoods to the poor coastal population. many efforts are done to establish mangrove plantations along the entire coast for rehabilitation purposes, 19 000 ha of Avicennia marina and Rhizophora mucronata have been rehabilated in Sindh and Balochistan in the 1990 within a collaboration
Americas they are being cleared at a rate faster than tropical rainforests. Freshwater diversions can also lead to mangroves drying out, if salinity becomes too high, the mangroves cannot survive. Oil pollution can smother mangrove roots and suffocate the trees. These communities also collect medicinal plants from mangrove ecosystems
between the Sindh Government and IUCN and around 17000 ha have been restored in the Indus delta with support of the World Bank in 1999. Senior Advisor on coastal ecosystems with the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Tahir Qureshi, has extended a lot of help in rehabilitating 30,000 hectares of mangroves along the southern coast on the Arabian Sea, including in Baluchistan. Some mangrove areas have been converted to cultivated land prior to 1995.
In other developing countries mangroves are being exploited and shipped for pulp and particleboard. The renewed mangroves would serve as a carbon sink and source of bio ethanol fuel to reduce carbon dioxide emission and generate good income to alleviate poverty and BFWD MONTHLY MAGAZINE Phone: 0838-710381 Email: tulaib_javid@yahoo.com
mitigate climate change. More than 500,000 individuals would benefit, including many in the transport sector. They would not only help revolutionize poverty but also serve as raw material for some industries and exports. Although aquatic plants may have less commercial potential than do terrestrial plants, future advances in technology may open promising doors for the economic use of harvested aquatic weeds in Pakistan and elsewhere.
Endeavor to protect Forests and Wildlife
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STPC Activities Fareed Ahmed Divisional Forest Officer Mastung with District Administration—STPC at Mastung
Courtesy: Waheed Baloch Facebook Account 29
Sibi Mela—Glimpses
Jaffar Baloch (Divisional Forest Officer Sibi) with Commissioner Sibi Sir Ghulam Ali Baloch during their visit of Forest Stall
Jaffar Baloch Divisional Forest Officer Sibi visiting the stall. The team of Soil Conservation Mastung is present at the occasion and giving brief of activities 30
Miskeen Shah (second right) (Deputy Conservator of Forests Quetta) with the team of Soil Conservation Mastung on 23rd March 2015 at Askari Part Quetta. From right: Zulfiqar (Field Assistant), Muhammad Rahim Naz (Inspector—Sericulture) and Abdul Qadir (Field Watcher). Below is the model prepared by them.
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STPC Activities at Dera Murad Jamali inauguration by Deputy Commissioner Mr. Khuda-e-dad Khan.
Planting by Respected Session Judge Mr. Saadatullah Khan Bazai and School Children at Naseerabad 32
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