Charles Nagel Architecture Thesis by Charles Nagel

The Catholic University of America FORE The Community A THESIS Submitted to the Faculty of the School of Architecture and Planning Of the Catholic University of America In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree Master of Architecture By Charles Daniel Nagel

Washington D.C. 2023

FORE The Community Charles Daniel Nagel Master of Architecture Director: Lavinia Fici Pasquina M. Arch.

Converting Glenn Wood Golf Course into an Eco-friendly park with modern golf amenities can create an enjoyable and educational space for Richmond’s underprivileged residents, promoting environmental awareness, and community engagement.

This thesis by Charles Daniel Nagel fulfills the requirments for the Masters Degree in Architecture approved by Lavinia Fici Pasquina, M. Arch., James McCrery, M.Arch., as Directors, and by Julio Bermudez, Ph.D., as Reader

_______________________________________________________________ Lavinia Fici Pasquina, M. Arch

_______________________________________________________________ James McCrery, M.Arch.

_______________________________________________________________ Julio Bermudez, Ph.D.

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

8-9

THESIS STATEMENT ABSTRACT

II. PROJECT BACKGROUND

10-15

III. PRECEDENT STUDY

16-25

IV. ORGANIZATIONS

26-31

INTRODUCTION PROBLEM BACKGROUND PROGRAM

CASE STUDY I CASE STUDY II CASE STUDY III CASE STUDY VI CASE STUDY V BUILDING TYPOLOGY

YOUTH GOLF LEADERSHIP PROGRAMS

V. RICHMOND VIRGINIA

32-42

SITE INFORMATION DEMOGRAPHICS CLIMATE SUN AND WIND CHART WALK-ABILITY BUS ROUTES

VI. AIA FRAMEWORK FOR DESIGN EXCELLENCE

43-53

VII. Design

54-61

Floor Plans Sections Renderings

THESIS STATEMENT

ABSTRACT This project presents a proposal to re-purpose the Glenn Wood Golf Course in Richmond, Virginia into a sustainable and educational community park with a modern approach to golf. Currently closed due to maintenance and low use, the 120 acre green space can be transformed to provide underprivileged families with access to affordable golfing experiences while preserving green space in the area. The proposed design will incorporate new features such as a community park, renovated golf facilities, and educational programs to attract families for leisure and learning opportunities. This project argues that the redevelopment of the Glenn Wood Golf Course presents a unique opportunity to revitalize a neglected space, provide a new attraction for the city, and offer re-envisioned approach to golf for the undeserved families of Richmond.

INTRO The popularity of golf has been in decline in recent years, with over 800 golf courses closing in the last decade and a 30% drop in the number of Americans playing golf between 2009 and 2016. One of the contributing factors to this decline is the rising cost associated with playing golf, as the sport has become increasingly expensive. This includes not only the cost of golf course memberships, green fees, and equipment, but also the time commitment required to play a round of golf. In this Thesis, we will explore the impact of the rising cost of golf on its declining popularity, and consider the implications for the golf industry and communities that rely on golf as a recreational activity. For my thesis, I have selected a location in Richmond, VA that is situated in a low-income area. The site in question is a golf course that has recently closed down due to financial difficulties. In response, I am proposing a transformation of this unused green space into a community park that takes a modern approach to golf. The envisioned community park would include a range of amenities such as golf facilities, a community center, a library, playgrounds, nature walks, and more. This innovative approach aims to revitalize the area, providing much-needed recreational and educational resources for the local community.

Problem

WHY GOLF COURSES ARE CLOSING

High costs: Golf courses are expensive to build and maintain, and many courses struggle to generate enough revenue to cover their expenses.

In the United States there are over 16,000 golf courses. In the last decade over 800 have closed. In 2009, about 30 million Americans played golf. In 2016, only 20 million people played golf, a 30% decline in less than a decade.

Environmental concerns: Golf courses require large amounts of water and chemicals to maintain their lush, green appearance, which can be costly and harmful to the environment.

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Mismanagement: Poor management practices, such as lack of investment in maintenance or marketing, can also contribute to the closure of golf courses.

NUMBER OF US GOLF PARTICIPANTS OVER TIME

NUMBER OF US GOLF COURSES OVER TIME

NUMBER OF GOLF COURSES IN THOUSANDS

Land use issues: As urban areas continue to grow, golf courses may be seen as prime real estate for development, leading to closures and redevelopment.

Background

11 Golf, originally originating in Scotland, started as a simple sport requiring only a few clubs and a ball. However, like many things, golf has evolved over time, including advancements in equipment. As a result, the cost of golf has risen, making it more expensive to play. The increasing prices have created barriers for many individuals, making it challenging for them to participate in the sport.

Background

Given the exorbitant expenses associated with golf, including the cost of equipment, club memberships, and greens fees, coupled with the declining interest in the sport, it is imperative to implement changes that address the challenges faced by communities with limited financial resources. As golf continues to be perceived as a luxury pastime that is often financially prohibitive, there is a pressing need to promote accessibility and inclusive for individuals and communities who are unable to afford the high costs associated with the sport.

What needs to change?

WHY COMMUNITIES NEED GREEN SPACES Promotes physical activity: Community parks provide a space for people to engage in physical activity, such as walking, running, cycling, or playing sports, which can help improve overall health and wellbeing. Encourages social interaction: Parks provide a common space for people to gather and socialize, which can help build a sense of community and connectedness among residents. Enhances mental health: Exposure to nature and green spaces has been shown to reduce stress and improve mood, and community parks can provide a tranquil and calming environment for people to unwind and relax. Boosts property values: Access to community parks can increase property values in nearby neighborhoods, which can have positive economic benefits for homeowners. Supports local businesses: Parks can attract visitors to the neighborhood, which can increase foot traffic and support local businesses, such as cafes, shops, and restaurants. Provides educational opportunities: Parks can be used for educational purposes, such as field trips, outdoor classrooms, or nature walks, which can provide valuable learning experiences for children and adults alike.

PROJECT GOALS AND PROGRAM 1. To transform the Glenn Wood Golf Course into a sustainable and educational community park that offers affordable golfing experiences for underprivileged families in Richmond, Virginia. 2. To attract families to the park for leisure and learning opportunities and provide them with a modern approach to golf that emphasizes sustainability and environmental stewardship. 3. To create a space that is inclusive, welcoming, and accessible to people of all ages, backgrounds, and abilities. 4.To revitalize a neglected space in Richmond and provide the city with a new attraction that promotes community engagement and social interaction. 5. To promote environmental sustainability by incorporating green technologies and practices in the design and construction of the park and golf facility. 6. To create a model for sustainable urban development that can be replicated in other cities, promoting green space preservation, community engagement, and environmental sustainability.

Buildings 1. Community Center 2. Library 3. Golf Facilities 4. Picnic Pavilion 5. Guard Shack 6. Restrooms

Cafe Bathroom

Golf Simulators Golf Facilities Offices

Classrooms

Golf Shop

Outside Areas 1. 18 Hole Par 3 Golf Course 2. Putting Green 3. Nature Trails 4. Gardens 5. Playgrounds 6. Parking Area 7. Performance Stage 8. Picnic Area 9. Pond 10. Open Fields 11. Paths 12. Dog Parks 13. Art 14. Walk-ways

Reception

Golf Facility Program

Computer Labs

Comuter Area

Gymnasium

Bathroom

Bathrooms

Common Area

Cafe

Community Center

Library Reception

Offices

Cafe

Multi-Purpose Rooms

Community Center Program

Classrooms

Fitness Center

Library Program

Reception

Precedent Study

CASE STUDY I Fred Richards Park

CENTRAL GREEN

EDINA, MINNESOTA

The Fred Richards Park is a public park located in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and it serves as a recreational area for residents and visitors. The park was named after Fred Richards, a former resident of the city who was a prominent businessman and philanthropist.

In addition to providing recreational opportunities, the park serves an important role in managing storm water runoff in the area. The park’s design includes several features that help to absorb and filter rainwater, reducing the amount of pollution that enters nearby bodies of water.

THE FRED RICHARDS STORY - WRITING THE NEXT CHAPTER

MAJOR THEMES

Restore Nature’s Role

Create Pathways for Play + Health

ecosystem services are a critical part of the city’s infrastructure that will be re-stored

moving, resting, and exploring in a natural environment will create a healthier community

Invite the Whole Community providing year-round access, activities, and spaces for all of edina’s residents to build community and pride

THE FRED RICHARDS STORY Major

The park was previously a golf course but failed to stay open. This golf course got turned into a park to provide a green space in the city where people could relax, exercise, and enjoy nature. It features various amenities, such as sports fields, playgrounds, picnic areas, walking and biking paths, and a dog park. The park also has a large pond that offers opportunities for fishing, canoing, and kayaking.

MAJOR THEMES

1. RESTORE NATURES ROLES 2. CREATE PATHWAYS FOR PLAY + HEALTH 3. INVITE THE WHOLE COMMUNITY

PARK MASTER PLAN

Restore Nature’s Role

Ecosystem services are a critical part of the city’s infrastructure that will be re-stored.

Create Pathways for Play + Invite the Whole Community Providing year-round access, activities, and spaces for all of edina’s residents to build community and pride. Health

FEATURES

the loop

1. PICNIC AREA 2.PLAYGROUND 2. TRAIL: MULTI-USE

neighborhood park

the Great Lawn

nature bank

central green

THE LOOP THE NATURE BANK pollinator garden

stone steppers

wetland restoration

island bridge

outdoor classroom

INVITE THE WHOLE COMMUNITY water play

THE NATURE BANK pollinator garden

stone steppers

wetland restoration

island bridge

outdoor classroom

water play

rolling walking trail

native prairie garden

Overall, the Fred Richards Park is an important asset for the Minneapolis community, providing a space for recreation, relaxation, and environmental conservation.

beginner bike skills

sculpture/ art

garden seating

nine mile creek trail

wildlife blind

boardwalk + seating

nature play

nine mile creek trail

wildlife blind

boardwalk + seating

nature play

CASE STUDY II Rolling Hill Community Park

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Rolling Hills Community Park MASTER PLAN

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174 9 A r t H a g a n P l a c e - L o n g w o o d Seminole County, Florida

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Florida Communities Trust Grant

PHASE 1 PROGRAM

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Community Park was used for before it was developed into a park. However, according to the City of Longwood’s website, the park was developed in the 1980s as a community park for the residents of Longwood.

Overall, Rolling Hills Community Park is a popular destination for residents of Longwood and visitors alike, offering a range of recreational activities and amenities in a beautiful natural setting.

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Rolling Hills Community Park also includes several other amenities such as a dog park, a community garden, and a pavilion that can be reserved for special events. The park is open daily from dawn to dusk and is free to the public.

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The park features several sports fields, including a soccer field, baseball diamond, and basketball court, providing opportunities for visitors to engage in recreational activities. There is also a walking trail that loops around the park, offering visitors a chance to enjoy the natural beauty of the area while getting some exercise.

One of the main features of the park is its playground, which is designed for children of all ages and includes a variety of equipment such as slides, swings, climbing structures, and more. There is also a picnic area with several tables and grills, making it a great spot for family picnics and gatherings.

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Rolling Hills Community Park is a public park located in the city of Longwood, which is situated in Seminole County, Florida. The park covers an area of approximately 98 acres and offers a variety of amenities for visitors of all ages.

Palm Springs Drive

SEMINOLE, FLORIDA

CASE STUDY III Bannockburn Community BETHESDA, MARYLAND

In 1946, Bannockburn’s founders, intending to build a cooperative neighborhood, purchased the Bannockburn Golf Club in Bethesda, MD. Although the dream of a true co-op was never realized, the spirit of community and cooperation perseveres to this day. Bannockburn is home to many civically-engaged residents who organize and support gatherings and special events held throughout the neighborhood or in our community meeting place the historic Bannockburn Clubhouse and who volunteer on boards of neighborhood organizations that enhance our quality of life. Bannockburn also takes pride in its inclusive, close-knit community, excellent schools, proximity to natural attractions and downtown Washington, DC, and plethora of residents who have lived here for decades.

CASE STUDY IV Queen Elizabeth Park Pitch and Putt is a popular destination for locals and tourists alike, offering an affordable and enjoyable golfing experience in a beautiful park setting. The facility provides club rentals, as well as a pro shop that offers golf balls, snacks, and other golfing essentials. It operates on a first-come, first-served basis, and tee times are not required, making it accessible and convenient for spontaneous rounds of golf. The park is also known for its stunning gardens, including the famous Bloedel Conservatory, which houses a tropical rain forest and a wide variety of exotic birds and plants. Overall, Queen Elizabeth Park Pitch and Putt is a popular recreational amenity within Queen Elizabeth Park, providing a fun and scenic golfing experience for visitors to Vancouver, British Columbia.

Building Typology Precedent

Club House

Community Center

Golf Facilities

Youth Golf Leadership Programs

First Tee is a youth organization that combines golf and life skills to help kids develop character traits such as inner strength, self-confidence, and resilience. Through engaging learning experiences, First Tee empowers kids to become “Game Changers” who are equipped with important life skills.

27 PGA Jr. League is a youth golf program that provides kids with an opportunity to learn and play golf in a fun, teamoriented environment. It is designed to introduce kids to golf and foster their love for the game through a structured, inclusive, and engaging format.

28 The US Kids Golf Foundation is a nonprofit organization dedicated to promoting junior golf and providing opportunities for kids to learn, play, and compete in golf. They offer various programs, events, and resources to support the development of young golfers, including tournaments, coaching, and educational materials, with the goal of growing the game of golf among youth and fostering a lifelong love for the sport.

The organization focuses on creating opportunities for females by implementing programs that develop leadership and life skills as they learn to play the game of golf competitively for business and recreational purposes.

30 PGA REACH is the 501(c)(3) charitable foundation of the PGA of America. The mission of PGA REACH is to positively impact the lives of youth, military, and diverse populations by enabling access to PGA Professionals, PGA Sections and the game of golf.

Richmond Virginia

GLENWOOD GOLF CLUB • 120 ACRE PARCEL OF DISUSED GREEN SPACE • LESS THAN 10 MINUTE DRIVE TO THE HEART OF RICHMOND • LOCATED ADJACENT TO AN UNDESERVED NEIGHBORHOOD OF RICHMOND • OVER 10 SCHOOLS WITHIN 5 MINUTE DRIVE • NO MAJOR PARKS ON THE EAST SIDE OF RICHMOND

SITE INFORMATION

DEMOGRAPHICS BLACK 46.11%

Based on the most recent data from the US Census Bureau in 2020, Richmond, Virginia has an estimated population of approximately 232,226 people. The city boasts a diverse and dynamic population with a rich mix of racial and ethnic backgrounds. According to the same census data, the city’s racial makeup consists of 50.5% Black or African American, 38.5% White, 6.3% Hispanic or Latino, and 3.2% Asian residents. This diversity contributes to the unique cultural fabric and vibrant identity of Richmond, making it a truly inclusive and multi-cultural community.

RACE

ASIAN >5

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WHITE 45%

DEMOGRAPHICS The two graphs presented provide insight into the disparities among neighborhoods in Richmond. The first chart depicts the wealth distribution, highlighting the divide between affluent and impoverished areas. It is evident that the eastern part of Richmond is characterized by lower economic status. The second chart displays household incomes, revealing that Richmond as a whole is not a highly affluent area. Moreover, the eastern part of Richmond is notably less affluent compared to the western part. These findings shed light on the economic discrepancies within the city, with the eastern region facing greater economic challenges.

WEALTHY VS POOR NEIGHBORHOODS OF RICHMOND

It is important to acknowledge these differences in wealth and income distribution as they can impact various aspects of a community, including access to resources, opportunities, and quality of life. Understanding such disparities can inform policy and decision-making efforts aimed at addressing economic inequalities and fostering more equitable and inclusive communities. HOUSEHOLD INCOME

CLIMATE RESEARCH The climate in Richmond, Virginia is considered humid subtropical, with hot summers and mild winters. The city experiences all four seasons, with temperatures varying widely throughout the year.

Spring and fall are generally pleasant in Richmond, with mild temperatures and lower humidity levels. The fall months are particularly beautiful, as the leaves on the trees change colors and the weather is often sunny and mild. Overall, Richmond’s climate is influenced by its location in the southeastern United States, with hot, humid summers and mild winters.

Precipitation in.

In the winter months, temperatures in Richmond are generally mild, with average highs in the 40s to 50s Fahrenheit. Snowfall is relatively rare, although the city can experience occasional winter storms.

Precipitation

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In the summer months, temperatures in Richmond can be hot and humid, with average highs in the 80s to low 90s Fahrenheit (26-33 Celsius). Humidity levels can be high, making the heat feel more intense. Thunderstorms are common during the summer months, particularly in the afternoon and evening.

Sun and Wind Chart By analyzing the solar radiation patterns on the sun chart, you can determine the times of day and year when the sun will shine directly on your building and where the shadows will fall. This information can help you determine the optimal orientation of the building, so that the structure can be oriented in such a way that it minimizes direct sunlight during the hottest parts of the day and maximizes it during the cooler times. Additionally, the sun chart can help you identify the areas of the building that require the most shading, such as windows or outdoor living areas. This information can be used to design effective shading strategies, such as awnings or overhangs, that provide protection from the sun while still allowing natural light into the building. By incorporating information from the Sun and Wind Graph into your building design, you can create a more comfortable and energy-efficient space that takes advantage of the sun’s natural light and reduces the need for artificial lighting and cooling.

Walk ability This map shows that there are several schools located within a 15-minute walking distance from the park, which can be a significant benefit for these schools and their students. Having schools located within walking distance of the park means that students can easily access the park for after-school activities, such as sports, picnics, or other recreational activities. This is particularly beneficial for schools that may not have their own sports facilities or playgrounds, as it provides a nearby location for outdoor activities. Furthermore, walking to and from school can have numerous benefits for students, including increased physical activity, improved health, and reduced traffic congestion around schools. By having schools located within walking distance of the park, parents can feel more comfortable allowing their children to walk or bike to school, knowing that they have a safe and accessible destination nearby. Overall, the walk ability map can help promote a more active and healthy lifestyle for students, while also reducing traffic congestion and promoting sustainable transportation options.

Bus Routes Richmond is considered a walkable city, with many areas featuring sidewalks, crosswalks, and pedestrian-friendly infrastructure. The city has several parks and green spaces, including the James River Park System, that are easily accessible on foot. However, like any city, there are some areas that may be less pedestrian-friendly, so it is always important to exercise caution and be aware of your surroundings when walking in any urban area. The city is currently developing a new Transit Vision Plan, which will guide the future of public transportation in the area. The plan aims to create a more efficient and accessible transit system by expanding bus service, implementing new transit technologies, and improving connections to regional transit options. Additionally, there are plans to expand the city’s bike infrastructure, including adding new bike lanes and trails, as well as improving sidewalks and pedestrian crossings. These improvements are aimed at providing residents and visitors with more transportation options and creating a more sustainable and livable city.

Recreational Activities The chart on the right provides a comprehensive overview of the recreational activities available across all of Richmond, Virginia. It presents a visual representation of the diverse range of recreational opportunities that residents and visitors can enjoy in the city. The chart may include various types of recreational activities, such as sports fields, playgrounds, trails, parks, community centers, and other facilities that cater to different interests and age groups. Having a wide array of recreational activities can enhance the quality of life for residents, promote physical health and wellness, foster community engagement, and contribute to a vibrant and livable city. It can also provide opportunities for social interactions, cultural exchange, and community building, enhancing the overall well-being and sense of belonging among the residents of Richmond, Virginia.

AIA Framework for Design Excellence

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Part 2: Design

Site From above

Site Map

Floor Plans: Community Center

Level 1

Level 2

Floor Plans: Library

Level 1

Level 2

Floor Plans: Golf Club House

Section: Community Center

Section: Library

Buildings on Site

South Entrance

East Entrance

Community Center

Library

Golf Club House

Golf Sim Room

Areas Around the Site

Playground

Pond

Nature Trails

Spray Ground

85 https://www.edinamn.gov/309/Fred-Richards-Park-Master-Plan https://thecela.org/wp-content/uploads/214F.pdf https://dirt.asla.org/2019/06/04/ace-idea-transforming-golf-courses-into-public-parks/ https://thecela.org/wp-content/uploads/214F.pdfhttps://www.fastcompany.com/90315242/need-land-for-parks-and-housing-there-are-plenty-of-useless-golf-courses-to-repurpose https://www.businessinsider.com/american-golf-courses-redevelopment-transformations-2018-8#parts-of-the-park-have-already-opened-to-the-public-with-a-full-opening-scheduled-for-this-fall-20 https://www.npr.org/2011/05/30/136788050/finding-new-uses-for-troubled-golf-courses-in-Florida https://www.kiro7.com/news/local/Seattle-explores-alternate-uses-for-four-publicly-owned-golf-courses/956000662/ https://www.huffpost.com/entry/could-peacemaking-become_b_6873934 https://www.sportscasting.com/whats-happening-to-all-of-americas-defunct-golf-courses/

86 <https://www.natlawreview.com/article/repositioning-golf-courses-alternatives-redevelopment-golf-courses> https://bestneighborhood.org/most-educated-richmond-va/ https://jjkeegan.com/consistent-inconsistency/ https://www.tpl.org/blog/when-private-golf-courses-land-rough-communities-tee-public-parks https://www.miltonga.gov/residents/milton-city-park-and-preserve https://trashcansunlimited.com/blog/the-history-of-the-public-park-in-america/ <https://www.npr.org/2011/05/30/136788050/finding-new-uses-for-troubled-golf-courses-in-florida> <https://www.chicagotribune.com/real-estate/ct-re-closed-golf-courses-land-use-0818-20190813-dpz2hqn4ubh4lln62oh2pnzaqi-story.html> <http://www.sterf.org/Media/Get/2339/r-d-progr-multifunctional-golf-courses-and-ecosystem-services.pdf> <http://www.sterf.org/Media/Get/2339/r-d-progr-multifunctional-golf-courses-and-ecosystem-services.pdf> <https://www.businessinsider.com/japan-has-started-turning-abandoned-golf-courses-into-solar-power-plants-2015-7 <USGA-Visit-Summary-11-13-20.pdf (suncityaz.org)> <https://www.fastcompany.com/3048709/an-abandoned-japanese-golf-course-will-be-covered-in-solar-panels-instead>