Achit_Can_Khay_Ahnit_Kyan-Zay by Naing Lynn

a&Tyg&rD 2002 trSwf(3) pmrlcGifhjyKcsuf 384^2003 ( 6 ) rsufESmzHk;cGifhjyKcsuf 343^2003 ( 6 ) 2003 ckESpf l ZGefv l 'kwd,tBudrf l tkyfa& 20000 rsufESmzHk;yef;csD ae0if;atmif twGif;o½kyfazmfyef;csD armifarmifodkuf? 0if;odef;? 0if;Munf? ae0if;atmif rsufESmzHk;yHkESdyfol OD;rdk;,k0if; (05673)? y&ifh*&yfzpfyHkESdyfwdkuf trSwf228^230?tvHkvrf;?tvkHjrdKUe,f/ twGif;yHkESdyfol OD;Muifa&T (03105)? rdom;pkyHkESdyfwdkuf trSwf90-at?atmufMunfhjrifwdkifvrf;?tvHkjrdKUe,f/ xkwaf 0ol OD;ausmf[if; (0910)? ,HkMunfcsufpmay trSwf(111)?33 vrf;? ausmufwHwm;jrdKUe,f/ jzefYcsda&;

a½Tyg&rD"r®jyefYyGm;a&;tzJGU trSwf(19 at^2)? Adkvf&mnGefYvrf;?'*HkNrdKUe,f/ (( 249573? 281663? (0999)21198) wefzdk; 600 usyf

t&SifqE´m"du ( a&Tyg&rDawm& ) ■

1968ckEpS ?f Zefe0g&Dv(9)&uf?t*FgaehwiG fa&eHacsmif;NrKd ?Y olaX;uke;f &yf uGufü crnf;awmfOD;pdef0if;?r,fawmfa':odef;odef;wdkhrzGS m;jrifonf/

■

1984ckEpS w f iG fq,fwef;pmar;yGu J ka&eH d acsmif;NrKd ?Y txu(1)rSajcmuf bmom(bmompHk)*kPfxl;jzifUjrefrmwpfEdkifiHvHk;'kwd,&vsufatmif jrifonf/ oHk;xyfuGrf;vl&nfcReftjzpf 8wef;? 9wef;? 10wef;wdhkü oHk;ESpfqufwdkuf a&G;cs,fcHcJh&onf/

■

1984ckEpS ?fq,fwef;atmifjrifNy;D aemufomoemUabmifo0if hkd a&mufchJ NyD;tr&yl&NrdKY?r[m*E¨m½Hkausmif;wdkufwGiy&d f ,wÅdpmayrsm;avUvm qnf;yl;cJhonf/

■

1992 ckESpfwGif yxrausmfbGJY ESifU 1995 ckESpfwGif "r®mp&d,bGJYwdkhudk &&SdcJhonf/

■

1998ckEpS w f iG ftouf(30)jynfUykv&J wkarG;aeh txdr;f trSwt f jzpf wpfa,mufwnf;aewpfpw d w f nf;xm;pmtkyu f pwif kd xw k af 0cho J nf/

■

,cktcgoxHNk rKd ?Y auvmoawmif?a&Tyg&rDawm&ausmif;üwpfyg;wnf; {upm&Dawm&aqmufwnfvsuy&d f ,wf?y#dywftvkyf tm;xkwv f suf &Sdonf/ /

oAÁ'geH "r®'geH Zdemwd/ tvSLtm;vH;k wdYhw k iG f w&m;tvSLonf tjrwfq;kH jzpf\/ þpmtkyftygt0if a&Tyg&rDpmpOftm;vHk;udk "r®'getvSL&SiftoD;oD;wdkhrS w&m;tvSL? ynmyg&rDtvSL wdkuf½dkufomoemjyKtvSLtjzpf vSL'gef;xm;aom a&Tyg&rD"r®pmayjyefhyGm;a&; xm0&tvSLawmfaiGjzifh xkwfa0ygonf/

a&Tyg&rD"r®pmayjyefYyGm;a&;tzGJY

rmwdum 1/

■

oabmxm;tjrif (wGJzufa&Tusifomoemydkif)

■

zwfjyD;rSwfyg (eE´modef;ZH)

■

trSmpmr[kwfaomaus;Zl;wifvTm (rma*s)

■

t&SifqE´m"duESifUawGYqHkjcif; (udkouf)

■

tdrfapmifUewfESifUy|mef;&Gwfjcif;

■

0ifavxGufavvm;? xGufav0ifavvm;

■

&nfpl;ukodkvf

■

aoG;tvSLESifUaumif;rIpGrf;&nf

■

wrvGefb0ESifUusef&pfol

10/

■

tcspfuHacayr,fUtESpfusefap&r,f

11/

■

jrwfAk'¨\bJGYtrnfrSef

12/

■

tm;&Sdoltm;xkwfrStm;xGufrnf

13/

■

rm&fewfESifUrm&fpdwf

100

14/

■

0gyefcGifU

110

15/

■

0gwG i f ; 'k v bES i f U t Ek y nm&S i f ’

120

16/

■

oufowfvGwfESifUukodkvfpdwf

130

17/

■

0ufysKdom;ESifU0rf;awmfvm;jcif;

146

18/

■

tm;xkwfjzpfzdkht"du

156

19/

■

t&SifqE´m"duESifUawGYqHkjcif; ('kwd,ydkif;)

171

w&m;zGifU*kPfawmfyGm; t&[H? udavomuif;pifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;/ t&[H? qdwfuG,f&mt&yf端yif raumif;rIudk jyKawmfrrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;/ t&[H? ylaZmftxl;udk cH,lawmfrlxdkufaom jrwfpGmbk&m;/

a½Tyg&rDpcef;jzifh acrmjynfvrS ;f Edik Mf uygap/

t&Siq f E´ru d

t*¾r[my@dw? tbd"Zr[m&|*k½k wGJzufa&Tusifomoemydkif

a&T[oFmod&DrEÅpHausmif;q&mawmfbk&m;MuD;\

oabmxm;tjrif a&Tyg&rDawm& t&SifqE´m"du xHrS ]þpmrlrsm;udk Munf½h í I xifjrifcsuf a&;om;ay;yg&ef} [k awmif;qdv k mojzifh ay;ydkYvmaom pmrlrsm;udk tzefzef Munfh½Ium rdrdjriforQ a&;om;vdkufygonf/ pmrlrsm;rSm tar;tajzrsm; jzpfaeonfudk awGU&yg onf/ tar;tajzaygif; (13) ck &Syd gonf/ t&Siq f E´m"duESihf awGUqHjk cif; u@rSm ar;cGe;f rsm;uyif ae&mrsm;rsm; ,lxm;o jzifh tar;tajzodyYk if xnfo h iG ;f vdu k yf gonf/ t&Siq f E´m"duu xdx k akd r;cGe;f udk ajzqd&k mü ar;cGe;f \ y"metajzESihf ES;D EG,q f ufpyfonfh taMumif;t&m? tcsut f vufrsm;udk tzufzufrS tjynft h pHk yg0ifapí tm*r? obm0 ,kwt då zHzk kH usr;f *eftpHw k EYkd iS hf n§í d tcdik t f rm a&;om;ajzqdk tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

xm;onfukd awGU&ygonf/ erlemjy&ygvQif ,aeY Ak'b ¨ mom jrefrmvlrsK;d vlMu;D vli,f t&G,rf a&G; uav;oli,frsm;ygrusef ]ZdeH - ig;rmef atmifjrif bk&m;&Siu f }kd ponfjzifh &Gwq f akd eMuaomfvnf; rmef ig;yg;udk a&wGujf yprf;ygqdv k Qif a&wGujf yEdik o f l tawmf&mS ;rnf xifygonf/ onfx h uf wpfqifw h ;kd jy;D rmefwpfyg;pD\ t"dymÜ ,f udk ar;vdu k v f Qiaf wmh trSet f uef ajzEdik o f l r&So d avmuf jzpf rnfxifygonf/ þae&mrSm t&Siq f E´m"duu ar;cGe;f \ y"metajz jzpfaom rm&fig;yg;udk a&wGujf yjy;D aemuf qufpyfE;DS EG,af e onfh t"dymÜ ,frsm;udk ]bmhaMumifh 'gudk rm&f [kac:&onf? ol u b,fvkd ESdyfpufwwfonf? b,folawGudk ESdyfpufwwfonf? bk&m;&Siu f , kd af wmfjrwfMu;D udak omfrS tvGwrf ay; y&deAd mÁ ef0ifpH cgeD;txd ESdyfpufwwfonf} ponfjzifh rm&fig;yg;ESifh pyfí odp&mrSeo f rQ wpfpeG ;f wpfprQ ruse&f atmif xkwaf zmfajzqdk xm;onfukd awG&Y ygonf/ &nfp;l ukov kd f ar;cGe;f rSm vlwikd ;f ESihf ruif;Edik ?f uif;í r&? aeYpOfaeYwikd ;f jyKvyk af e&aom ukov kd rf sK;d jzpfojzifh xdk ukov dk u f kd pepfwus rSerf eS u f efuef vkyw f wfzYkd vkyd gonf/ wcsKUd yHkrusyef;rus jzpfuwwfqef; vkyfonf? wcsKdU tukodkvf tvkyaf wGukd ukov kd x f ifívkyo f nf? xdt k vkyaf wGonf wpfpkH wpf&mtusK;d r&? aiGuek v f yl ef;rQ jzpf½rHk u tyg,foYkd usa&muf 10

t&Siq f E´ru d

wwfyu kH kd edygwfawmfvm oufaotaxmuftxm; pHv k ifpmG jzifh tus,w f 0ifh ajzqdx k m;onfrmS vGepf mG rSwzf , G af umif;vS ojzifh zwfyg? rSwyf g? vdu k ef musio hf ;kH yg[k wdu k w f eG ;f vdyk gonf/ oufowfvw G Ef iS hf ukov kd pf w d f jyóemrSmvnf; ,aeY acwfpm; vltawmfrsm;rsm; pdw0f ifpm; usio hf ;kH aeaom jyóem jzpfaeygonf/ jiif;írqH;k Edik af om jyóemvnf; jzpfaeygonf/ 'gudk t&Siq f E´m"duu bk&m;&Si\ f tqH;k tjzwfukd pHv k ifpmG azmfjy&Si;f vif;í tjiif;udk &yfapxm;ygonf/ odaYk omf oufowfvw G u f kd ckw;kH vkyí f bmoma&;pnf; ½k;H odr;f oGi;f rIrsm;udyk if wuf<upGm vIy&f mS ;jyKvyk af eonfukd awGU &ojzifh 'Dtajzrsm;udk aocsmpGm zwfrSwfvdkufem usifhoHk;í xdpk nf;½k;H rIvw G u f if;atmif a&SmifuiG ;f &ef jzpfygonf/ useaf r;cGe;f wd\ Yk tajzrsm;rSmvnf; þenf;wlyif jzpf ojzifh ¤if;wdkYudk tus,fra&;awmhbJ zwfjzpfatmif zwfjyD; vdu k ef musio hf ;kH yg[k wdu k w f eG ;f ygonf/ t&Siq f E´m"duESihf awGUqHjk cif; u@ESiw hf uG pmtkyyf g tar;tajztm;vH;k udk pk½;Hk í twdck sK;H ajymvdo k nfrmS ,ck t&Sif qE´m"du\ pmtkyrf sK;d rSm awGU&? jrif&? zwf&cJaom pmtkyrf sK;d jzpfojzifh ,ckvuf&b dS 0\ at;csr;f om,mrI? b0\ukeq f ;kH &m edAmÁ ef&onfh b0txd oHo&mwpfavQmufv;kH at;csr;f om,m rIukd vdv k m;olwikd ;f þpmtkyf vuf0,fyikd q f ikd f &&Sx d m;apum tNrrJ jywf zwf½aI vhvm usio hf ;kH yg[k wdu k w f eG ;f vdu k yf gonf/ tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

,aeY acwfay: tifwmAsL;*sme,f ponfrsm;rSm urÇmh taMumif;t&m? acwftaMumif;t&m tpHt k vif? pma&;q&m tMu;D ti,f ynmonftpHt k vifwYkd pka0;aygif;qH&k mjzpfojzifh vlMu;D vli,f vl&, G v f v l wftpH?k vlwef;pm;tpHt k vifwYkd 0dik ;f tHk Munf½h &I m jzpfaeayonf/ xd*k sme,frsm;u t&Siq f E´m"du\ "r®pmayrsm;ESihf wuG tjcm;ynm&S i f r sm;\ "r® p mayrsm;ud k y g wav;wpm; ta&;xm;um ae&mtrsm;BuD; ay;xm;? a&;om;azmfjycGifh ay;xm;í xd*k sme,fpmapmifrsm;tm; trsm;Bu;D om"kac:um aumif;cs;D r*Fvm jyKvu kd yf gonf/ ,aeY acwfvil ,frsm;rSm trsm;tm;jzifh trsK;d bmom omoemESifh qefYusifaom ,Ofaus;rI? Ak'¨omoemawmfESifh qefu Y siaf om t,ltq? 0g'rsm; vTr;f rd;k rIukd cHae&Mu&ojzifh "r®pmayrsm;ESihf awGUxdru I kd rsm;pGm vdt k yfaecsed w f iG f t&Siq f E´m "du polwdkYu xdk*sme,fpmapmifrsm;ü yg0ifa&;om;vmrIwdkY twGuv f nf; t&Siq f E´m"du polwt Ykd m; tm;&0rf;om rsm;pGm cs;D usL;&ygaMumif;? t&Siq f E´m"du taeESiv hf nf; a&SUqufí *sme,frsm;wGif þodaYk om bmoma&; tar;tajz aqmif;yg; rsm; tqufrjywf a&;om;apvdak Mumif; a&;om;azmfjyvdu k &f ygonf/ g

t&Sif&mZdE´mbd0Ho Zlvdkif? 19? 2002/

t&Siq f E´ru d

zwfNyD;rSwfyg wpfaeY tifwmAsL;*sme,f wm0efct H ,f'w D mu uRef awmfhudk ]t&SifqE´m"duu 'DpmrltwGuf trSm a&;ay;ygvdkY q&mhukd trde&Yf v dS u kd yf gw,f} vkadY jymjy;D pmrlzikd w f pfcu k kd ay;yg w,f/ trSmpmudk tjrefq;kH vdck siyf gw,fvv Ykd nf; olu xyfw vJvJ ajymygw,f/ pmrlukd zwfzt Ykd csed af wmif olu ay;csiyf kH ray:ygbl;/ t&Siq f E´m"duudk rawGq Y ?kH rzl;arQm&f wmMumvSjy?D zl; awGYcsifaewkef; aemufxkwfrnfh pmtkyftwGuf trSma&;cdkif; vdu k w f ,fqakd wmh t&Siq f E´m"duudk zl;awGv Y u kd &f ovdyk J 0rf; omrdygw,f/ t&SifqE´m"duudk zl;awGYcsifolawG trsm;MuD;? t&Sif qE´m"dueJY aqG;aEG;csio f al wGvnf; trsm;Mu;D ? t&Siq f E´m"du&JU tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

w&m;udk emcsifMuolawGvnf; trsm;MuD;? t&SifqE´m"du&JU pmtkyrf sm;udk zwf½aI eMuolawGvnf; trsm;Mu;D ? 'D taMumif; awGukd awG;&if; pdr;f vJv h u hJ efa&jyifukd jzefrY ;kd jy;D yGiahf ewJh jzLvGvG MumyGihf wpfyiG u hf kd jrifa,mifaeygw,f/ ]Mumonf a&udk wefqmqifjcif;iSm jzpf\} wJ?h tvGef ESpv f zkd , G f aumif;wJph um;/ a&jyifukd Mumu vSyoGm;apw,f? oif;ysHUysHU&eHYeJY a&ay: jzefYrdk;&if; yGifhaewJh Mumu a&uefudk wifw h ,fatmif zefw;D w,f? Mum&JU ta&miftaoG;aMumifv h nf; uefu csr;f ajrMh unfE;l zG,jf zpfapw,f/ vlaY vmu vlt Y odik ;f t0dik ;f rSm ÓPfynm&Sw d ?hJ tusihf oDvaumif;&Sw d hJ ol[m olyY wf0ef;usiu f vlawGukd Nird ;f at; csr;f ajrah pEdik w f ,f/ tusn;f wef t½kyq f ;kd wJh vlrt I ed|m½kaH wGukd z,f&mS ;jy;D ? £|m½kaH wGeYJ vSywifw h ,fapEdik w f ,f? rdr0d ef;usif udk csrf;ajrhatmif? wifhw,fatmif zefwD;wwfwJh tJ'Dynm&Sdol awmfaumif;udk ]Mum} eJY ckid ;f EIid ;f wwfMuw,f/ Mum;zl;w,f? ]ab;&ef[o l rQ[m ynmr&Sw d hJ rdu k w f o hJ l aMumifh jzpfvmwmwJ?h ynm&Sad Mumifh rjzpfb;l ? jzpfay:vmwJh rNidrf;at;jcif; rSeforQ[m vlrdkufaMumifh jzpf&w,f? ynm&Sd aMumifh rjzpfb;l /} ]Oyrmajym&&if ....wJ?h usL½k;d awGeYJ rd;k xm;wJt h rd ?f jrufopf&u G af wGerYJ ;kd xm;wJt h rd af wGu avmifwrhJ ;D [m tifrwef aumif;aumif;rGerf eG f aqmufxm;wJh tdrBf u;D tdraf umif;awGukd 14

t&Siq f E´ru d

ul;pufavmifuRr;f ovdyk ?J ab;&ef[o l rQ[m vlru kd af Mumifjh zpf w,f? ynm&Sad Mumifh rjzpfb;l .... wJ/h rNird ;f at; rNird ;f ouf rIawG? ylaqG;&? pdwq f if;&J&wmawG[mvnf; vlru kd af Mumifjh zpf &w,f? ynm&Sad Mumifh rjzpfb;l .... wJ/h (A[k"mwkuokw?f Oy&dyPÖmo/) ]Mum} [m a&uefrmS &Sad ewJt h wGuf uefrmS bmrSxcd u kd f rIr&Sb d ;l ? 0ef;usi[ f m ]Mum} aMumifh bmrS rESpv f zkd , G &f mawG? rESpo f ufz, G &f mawG rjzpfb;l / ynm&Sw d ?hJ tusio hf v D &Sw d o hJ [ l m vnf; ol0Y ef;usiu f kd rESpo f ufz, G &f mawGeYJ xdcu kd af prI bmrS r&Sb d ;l / t&Siq f E´m"du &Sad erI? t&Siq f E´m"du&JU tusiphf &P? t&Siq f E´m"du&JU ta[mtajymawGu 0ef;usiu f kd wifw h ,fap ygvdrrhf ,f/ Nird ;f at;ajyvGicf sr;f ajrah pygvdrrhf ,f/ t&Siq f E´m"d u&JU pmayawG[mvnf; rodru kd rf jJ cif;awGukd z,fNy;D todynm vif;a&mifukd jzpfapygvdrrhf ,f/ tckpmtky[ f m vlawGrmS jzpfwwfwhJ t,lv?GJ txift jrifv?JG r[kww f mawGukd pGaJ ejcif;awGukd z,f&mS ;jy;D ? ayghyg;vGwf vyf&&J ifw h hJ pdwx f m;awGjzpfatmif zefw;D Edik w f hJ t,ltq tjrif tawG;awGukd azmfjyxm;wmjzpfwt hJ wGuf zwfjzpfatmif zwf jy;D ? rSwjf zpfatmif rSwyf gvdYk rSmcsiyf gw,f/ g

eE´modef;ZH tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

trSmpmr[kwfaomaus;Zl;wifvTm q&mawmf t&Siq f E´m"duESihf pwif oduRr;f &onfrmS tifwmAsL;*sme,frS twdkifyifcHt,f'Dwm udkouf\ aus;Zl; aMumifjh zpfygonf/ wpfaeYwiG f udo k ufrS q&mawmfEiS hf awGq Y kH ar;jref;xm;aom pmrlvmyd&Yk if; *sme,fwiG f "r®a&;&m tar; tajzu@wpf&yfxnfo h iG ;f &ef uReaf wmfEiS w hf ikd yf ifcMhJ uygonf/ *sme,fwiG f "r®a&;&m tar;tajzrsm; xnfo h iG ;f jcif; jzifh bmoma&;udk oD;oefaY vhvm&ef tcsed rf ay;Edik af om vl wef;pm;aygif;pHt k wGuf *sme,fzwf&if; jrwfA'k \ ¨ a'oemawmf rsm;ESihf tuRr;f w0ifjzpf&mrS trsK;d bmomomoemudk cspjf rwf Ed;k vdpk w d ?f xde;f odr;f apmifah &Smufvpkd w d rf sm;? xdrk w S pfqifh &Siaf wmf jrwfA'k \ ¨ tqH;k trESit hf nD aexdik u f siBhf uv H pkd w d rf sm; &&Sv d m rnf[k ,HMk unfcMhJ uygonf/ xdaYk Mumifh q&mawmfukd avQmufxm; 16

t&Siq f E´ru d

&m q&mawmfrS vufccH o hJ jzifh tifwmAsL;*sme,foYkd te,fe,f t&yf&yfrS ar;jref;vmaom "r®a&;&mjyóemrsm;udk q&mawmf rS ajzMum;ay;cJo h nfrmS ,ckqv kd Qif pmtkyw f pftyk yf if xkwaf 0 Ekid o f nftxd c&D;a&mufcyhJ gonf/ axmufco H rl sm;? uefu Y u G o f l rsm;jzifh vIyv f yI &f &G jG zpfomG ;aom tar;tajzrsm;vnf;&Syd gonf/ rnfoyYkd ifqakd p tifwmAsL;*sme,frS q&mawmf\ pmrl rsm;udk apmifq h idk ;f zwf½aI om y&dowfum; tcdik t f rmyif &Sad eNyD jzpfonft h wGuf uReaf wmfwt Ykd aejzifh pDpOfwifquf&usK;d eyf onf[k yDwjd zpfc&hJ ygonf/ þuJo h Ykd jzpfajrmufc&hJ mwGif ulnyD yhH ;kd ay;olrsm;\ aus; Zl;udv k nf; arhxm;ír&yg/ oxH?k a&Tyg&rDawm&wGif wpfyg; wnf; {upm&D awm&aqmufwnfaeaom q&mawmfxH ar; cGe;f rsm; ay;ydaYk y;&efEiS hf tajzrsm;jyefvnf&,l&ef ulnaD y;aom AdkvfrSL;rsKd;OD;ESifh xkwfa0ol OD;pHa&TwdkYtm; txl;aus;Zl;wif&Sd aMumif; þae&mrS a&;om;tyfygonf/ trSepf ifppf þpmonf trSmpmr[kwb f J tifwmAsL; *sme,fwGif pmrlrsm; a&;om;csD;jr§ifhay;aom q&mawmft&Sif qE´m"dutm; aus;Zl;wif 0rf;ajrmufygaMumif; avQmufxm; onfh pmvTmom jzpfygaMumif; ..../ g

rma*s t,f'DwmcsKyf tifwmAsL;*sme,f

tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

tusKd ;aumif;aumif; vdck siw f phJ w d ef YJ BuKd ;pm;cJw h mr[kwyf gbl;/ taMumif;aumif;aumif; vkycf siw f phJ w d ef YJ BuKd ;pm;cJw h myg/

t&SifqE´m"duESifUawGYqHkjcif; ,aeYacwf a&;om;xkwaf 0vsu&f adS om pmayrsm;wGif bmoma&;qdik &f m "r®pmayrsm;udk pmzwforl sm; ydrk pkd w d 0f ifw pm; avhvmzwf½v I monfukd awGU&S&d onf/ "r®pmayrsm;udk ,if; odYk vltrsm; pdw0f ifwpm; avhvmzwf½v I mMujcif;rSm jrwfpmG bk&m;&Sif\ tqHk;trw&m;awmfrsm;udk jyefvnfa&;om;ol &[ef;oHCmawmfrsm;ESifh vlyk*d¾Kvfrsm;u w&m;awmfvm ygVd pmayrsm;udk trsm;em;vnfatmif jrefrmpum;ajyjzifh a&;om; vmMujcif;onfvnf; taMumif;wpf&yftjzpfyg0ifonf/ bk&m;&Si\ f tqH;k trrsm;udk bmoma&;qdik &f m "r®pm ay avhvmolrsm; em;vnfv, G af tmif &Si;f vif;a[majym a&; om;vsu&f o dS nfh q&mawmfrsm;teuf a&Tyg&rDawm&q&mawmf tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

t&Siq f E´m"duonf xif&mS ;aom q&mawmfwpfyg;jzpfonf/ q&mawmfukd 1968 ckEpS ?f Zefe0g&Dv(9)&uf? t*FgaeY wGif a&eHacsmif;jrKd U? olaX;uke;f &yfuu G üf crnf;awmf OD;pde0f if;? r,fawmf a':odef;odef;wdkYrS zGm;jrifcJhonf/ q&mawmf\ vl trnfrmS armifaZmfoed ;f jzpfjy;D 1984 ckEpS ?f q,fwef;pmar;yGJ udk a&eHacsmif;jrKd U? txu(1)rS ajcmufbmom *kPx f ;l ? jrefrm wpfEikd if v H ;kH 'kw, d jzifh atmifjrifco hJ nf/ ausmif;om;b0 &Spf wef;? ud;k wef;? q,fwef;rsm;wGif oH;k ESpq f ufwu kd f oH;k xyfurG ;f vl&nfcRet f jzpf a&G;cs,cf cH &hJ onf/ q,fwef;atmifjrifNy;D aemuf tr&yl&NrKd U? r[m*E¨m½Hk ausmif;wdu k üf omoemhabmifoYkd 0ifa&mufco hJ nf/ bGt YJ rnfrmS &Siq f E´m"dujzpfonf/ xdak usmif;wdu k üf y&d,wåpd mayrsm; avh vmqnf;yl;cJNh y;D 1992 ckEpS w f iG f yxrausmb f EYJG iS hf 1995 ckEpS f wGif "r®mp&d,bGYJ &&Scd o hJ nf/ ,cktcg oxHkNrdKU? auvmoawmif? a&Tyg&rDawm& ausmif;ü wpfyg;wnf; {upm&D awm&aqmufwnfí y&d,wf? y#dywftvkyf BudK;pm;tm;xkwfvsuf&Sdonf/ ,if;odkY pdwf0if pm;zG,faumif;aom xl;jcm;aom yg&rD&Sif q&mawmf t&Sif qE´m"du\ b0jzpfpOfrsm;udk q&mawmfxH ar;jref; avQmuf xm;cJyh gonf/ ]t&Sifbk&m; omoemhabmif 0ifa&muf&jcif;&JU &n &nff &G,fcsufeJY r0ifa&mufrD? 0ifa&mufNyD; pdwftajctaeawGudk 20

t&Siq f E´ru d

trdefY&Sdygbk&m;} ]'Dar;cGe;f awGukd jrwfr*Fvmpmapmifu ar;vdYk OD;Zif; ajzcJzh ;l ygw,f/ OD;Zif;&JU ]]ud, k phf w d u f , kd pf pf}} pmtkyef YJ ]]raocif bmvkyfMurvJ}} pmtkyfawGrSmvnf; jyefxnfhay;xm;ygw,f/ tJ'D pmtkyaf wGrmS yJ jyef&mS zwfMunfyh gawmhaemf} ]omoemhabmifukd tNy;D 0ifa&mufzYkd qH;k jzwfxm;yg&uf eJY q,fwef;rSm ajcmufbmom*kPx f ;l &atmif ajzqdjk zpfcyhJ akH v; ausmif;om;vli,fawG twk,El ikd af tmif rdeMYf um;apcsiyf gw, gw,ff bk&m;} ]b,ftvkyu f ykd J vkyv f yk ?f ud, k v f uf&v dS yk af ewJh tvkyf udk taumif;qH;k t&nftaoG; jzpfatmif vkycf siw f m OD;Zif;&JU yifupkd w d "f mwfyg/ 'Dpw d "f mwfukd b,fvrkd S azsmufzsuyf pfv&Ykd rSm r[kwfygbl;/ ud;k wef; ESppf ydik ;f uwnf;u &moufyef ouFe;f 0wfzYkd tcdik t f rm qH;k jzwfxm;Ny;D om;yg/ rdbpdwcf sr;f omatmif? rdb qE´jznfw h t hJ aeeJY q,fwef;ajzay;cJw h myg/ ud, k t hf wGuf q,f wef;ajzwm r[kwyf gbl;/ rdbtwGuf q,fwef;ajzwmyg/ q,f wef;atmifNy;D rS ouFe;f 0wfciG jhf yKr,fvYkd qdx k m;wmud;k / ouFe;f tNy;D 0wfzYkd qH;k jzwfxm;Ny;D om;qdak wmh q&m0ef jzpfatmif? tif*sief , D mjzpfatmifqw kd hJ &nf&, G cf suf vH;k 0 r&Syd g bl;/ ud, k af jzwJph mar;yGu J kd taumif;qH;k jzpfatmif ajzr,fqw kd hJ &nf&, G cf suf oefo Y efaY v;yJ &Syd gw,f/ rdbudk vl0wfaMumifb0eJY tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

aemufq;kH aus;Zl;qyfwm taumif;qH;k atmifjrifreI YJ aus;Zl;qyf r,fqw kd hJ pdwx f m;yJ &Syd gw,f/ q,fwef;rSm bmompH*k P k x f ;l xGujf y;D trSwaf wG trsm; Bu;D &vdv Yk nf; ud, k b hf 0twGuf bmrS toH;k r0ifawmhb;l qdw k m BuKd ox d m;Ny;D om;ygyJ/ 'gayr,fh toH;k 0ifwm? toH;k r0ifwmu ud, k ef YJ rqdik b f ;l ? ud, k f rvGrJ aoGvyk &f r,fh tvkyw f pfcu k kd t aumif;qH;k jzpfatmif vkyzf o Ykd m ud, k ef q YJ ikd w f ,fvYkd cH,x l m;awmh pmar;yGrJ mS xdyq f ;kH uae xl;xl;cRecf Ref atmifjrifatmif BuKd ;pm; csiw f phJ w d u f wpfjym;om;rS avsmrh oGm;cJyh gbl;/ tusKd ;aumif;aumif;vdck siw f phJ w d ef YJ BuKd ;pm;cJw h mr[kwf ygbl;/ taMumif;aumif;aumif; vkycf siw f phJ w d ef YJ BuKd ;pm;cJw h m yg/ atmifpm&if;xGuNf y;D vdYk ouFe;f 0wfawmhr,fvyk af wmh &if;ES;D olawGu ajymMuw,f/ ]ouFe;f 0wfr,ft h wlwl bmjzpfvYkd ajcmufbmom*kPx f ;l xGuaf tmif ajzaeao;vJ? ESajrmp&mMu;D } wJ/h ]wdo Yk m bke;f Mu;D 0wfzYkd qH;k jzwfxm;&if at;at;aq;aq; aeNy;D atmif½akH vmufyJ ajzr,f} wJ/h olwYkd ESajrmwmu ajcmufbmom*kPx f ;l udk ESajrmwm yg/ ajcmufbmom*kPx f ;l xGuaf tmifom rBuKd ;pm;cJ&h if OD;Zif; ESajrmwmu ajcmufbmom*kPx f ;l xGuEf ikd af vmufwhJ ÓPf ynmeJY 0D&, d "mwfukd ESajrmwmyg/ ud, k Ó hf Pf? ud, k 0hf &D , d udk tpGr;f ukef xkwo f ;kH cJNh y;D NyrD Ykd OD;Zif;uawmh ajcmufbmom*kPx f ;l 22

t&Siq f E´ru d

udk rESajrmygbl;/ e*du k wnf;u ajcmufbmom*kPx f ;l udk ud, k hf b0twGuf toH;k cszYkd ]vdck sipf w d }f eJY &,lcw hJ mrS r[kwb f /J toH;k cszYkd vH;k 0 r&nf&, G cf ahJ yr,fh wu,fv h ufawGb Y 0 rSmawmh twdik ;f twmwpfct k xd toH;k uscyhJ gw,f/ ]&&SdNyD; ajcmufbmom*kPfxl;eJY &&Sdvmr,fh q&m0ef b0udk pGev Yf w T Ef ikd jf cif;} qdw k hJ (vltrsm;owfrw S w f )hJ *kPyf 'k f aMumifh OD;Zif;&JU w&m;"r® jzefjY zL;wJt h vky?f bmoma&; tod ÓPf a0iSwt hJ vkyf xda&mufatmifjrifvmcJyh gw,f/ Bu;D Bu;D us,u f s,f ajym&&ifawmh OD;Zif;&JU omoemjyKvyk if ef;rSm oG,f 0du k af omtm;jzifh taxmuftul aumif;aumif;&cJyh gw,f/ bk&m;tavmif; r[mZeurif;om;[m rPdarcvm ewforD; vmu,fvrd rhf ,fqw kd hJ arQmv f ifch suef YJ ork'&´ mxJrmS vufypfu;l aewmr[kwaf yr,fh aemufq;kH awmh rPdarcvm&JU &ifciG rf mS aEG;axG;pGm arS;pufciG hf &cJw h ,fr[kwv f m;/ BuKd ;pm; tm;xkwrf &I UJ &v'f[m b,fawmhrS tcsn;f ES;D rjzpfygbl;/ 'gaMumifh vli,fawGukd ajymcsiw f mu ]bmtaMumif; aMumifyh v J yk &f vky&f ? vuf&u dS , kd v f yk af ewJt h vkyu f kd taumif;qH;k jzpfatmif vkyyf g/ rvGrJ aoG rjzpfrae vky&f awmhr,fh tvkyf wpfcu k kd vkycf sicf si?f rvkycf sicf si?f t&nftaoG; tjrihq f ;kH jzpf atmifvyk yf g} vd/Yk q&mBu;D vkyjf y;D ajymwmawmh r[kwyf gbl;aemf} ]t&Sib f &k m; wpfyg;wnf; awm&aqmufwnfae&jcif; &JU &nf&G,fcsufuav; odyg&apbk&m;} tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

]ud, k phf w d ef u YJ , kd u hf , kd f vGwv f yfpmG aeEdik zf ?Ykd ud, k t hf vkyef YJ ud, k t hf csed f wduspmG a0Edik zf Ykd wpfyg;wnf; awm&aqmufwnf aewmyg/ trsm;eJY a&maESmjy;D ae&if ud, k phf w d ef YJ ud, k u hf , kd f jzpfzYkd odyrf vG,b f ;l / trsm;tm;jzifh olrsm;pdwef YJ ud, k u hf , kd f jzpfae &wmrsm;w,f/ tm;emrIawG? iJn h m§ axmufxm;&rIawGeYJ b0[m vGwf vyfrI r&Sad wmhb;l / olrsm;cdik ;f wdik ;f vkyaf e&wmrsKd ; r[kwaf yr,fh olrsm;qE´ukd jznfjh znfah y;ae&wmeJY ud, k &hf UJ wu,fu h , kd yf ikd q f E´ awG[m wjznf;jznf;eJY aemufukd a&mufa&mufomG ;&w,f/ &[ef;wpfyg;qDukd csO;f uyfvmMuwJh vlawG qdw k mu vnf; ta&twGurf sm;pGm? qE´rsm;pGmqdak wmh vltrsKd ;rsKd ;&JUqE´ trsKd ;rsKd ;udk tNrw J rf; acgif;ndwNf y;D om NyKH ;NyKH ;Bu;D jznfq h nf;ay; ae&r,fq&kd if ud, k &hf UJ ud, k yf ikd q f E´awG? ud, k yf ikd af rQmv f ifch suaf wG [m tm;vH;k ajrmif;xJa&mufomG ;rSmaygh/ 'Dvkd ajymvdu k v f Ykd wpfu, kd af umif;qefw,fvYkd r,lqap csib f ;l / ud, k yf ikd q f E´? ud, k yf ikd af rQmv f ifch suq f w kd t hJ xJrmS ud, k hf tusKd ;a&m? trsm;tusKd ;a&m ygygw,f/ ud, k t hf wGuaf &m? trsm; twGuaf &m wu,fxad &mufr,ft h vkyrf sKd ;? t&Sno f jzifh t&m xifuse&f pfr,fh tvkyrf sKd ; rsm;rsm;vkycf siw f ,fvYkd qdv k ykd gw,f} ]t&Sib f &k m; ckerdew Yf t hJ xJrmS ]]ud, k t hf vkyef YJ ud, k t hf csed f wduspmG a0Edik zf }Ykd } qdw k hJ pum;av;u enf;enf;qef;aeovdkyJ/ 24

t&Siq f E´ru d

&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; odyg&apbk&m;} ]vlwpfa,mufeJYwpfa,muf tvkyfobm0csif;a&m? tcsed o f ;kH pGyJ ckH si;f a&m rwlnMD ubl;av/ tvkyo f bm0csi;f wl w,fxm;OD;? tcsed o f ;kH pGyJ ?kH tcsed cf aJG 0yHck si;f awmh rwlnED ikd yf gbl;/ use;f rma&;tajctae? ywf0ef;usit f ajctaepwJh tajctae t&yf&yfay: rlwnfNy;D uGjJ ym;Edik yf gw,f/ OD;Zif;&JU olrsm;eJrY wlwhJ tm;enf;csuw f pfcu k nbuf rD;tvif;a&mifeJY pmMunfhvdkY vHk;0r&wmygyJ/ aeYbufvnf; twlwal yghaemf/ rD;tvif;a&mifeq YJ kd OD;Zif;&JUrsupf u d pmvH;k 0 MunfhvdkYr&bl;/ rsufpdusef;rma&; raumif;bl;aygh/ 'DaeY rD; tvif;a&mifepYJ mMunfv h u kd &f if wpfnvH;k vnf; tdyv f Ykd r&awmh bl;/ aemufwpfaeYvnf; wpfaeYv;kH bmpmrS Munhv f Ykd r&awmh bl;/ obm0tvif;a&mif tm;aumif;wJhtcsdefrSmyJ pmeJY ywfoufwhJ tvkyf vkyv f &Ykd w,f/ pmoifom;b0wke;f u wcsKd U bmom&yfawGukd wdyaf cGeyYJ J em;axmifjy;D usucf &hJ w,f/ yxr ausmb f &YJG cJw h hJ yxrBu;D wef;wke;f uqdk oH;k bmomyJ aeYtvif; a&mifeYJ pmMunfch &hJ w,f/ av;bmomudk jy|mef;csut f ptqH;k ud, k b hf momud, k f toHoiG ;f xm;jy;D nbufrmS wdyaf cGem;axmif &if; avhvmrSwo f m;cJ&h w,f/ 'um? 'umr y&dowfawGu obm0tvif;a&mif&w dS hJ tcsed rf mS yJ vmwmrsm;w,f/ ud, k &hf UJ tvkycf sed u f vnf; obm0 tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

tvif;a&mif&w dS t hJ csed yf q J akd wmh vmorQ{nfo h nfeYJ pum;ajym qdak e&r,fq&kd if ud, k rhf mS pmvkycf sed f vH;k 0r&Sad wmhb;l / nbuf {nfo h nf&iS ;f wJt h csed u f sawmhvnf; ud, k u f pmvkyv f Ykd vH;k 0 r& awmhbl;av/ w&m;tm;xkww f muawmh oGm;&if; vm&if;? vky&f if; udik &f if;eJv Y nf; tm;xkwv f Ykd &w,f? nbufrmS vnf; oD;oefY tcsed , f jl y;D tm;xkwv f &Ykd w,fqakd wmh 'um? 'umr {nfo h nf y&dowfaMumifh w&m;tm;xkwcf sed af wmh taESmiht f ,Suf rjzpf ygbl;/ 'gayrJh pmvkycf sed u f awmh 'um'umr {nfo h nfy&dowf aMumifh tMu;D tus,f taESmiht f ,Sujf zpfygw,f/ &efuek &f yd o f m rSmaewke;f u wcsKd UaeYawGqkd wpfaeYv;kH aevdYk pmwpfv;kH rS rzwf vdkuf&bl;/ 'um'umrbufu Munf&h ifawmh wpfa,mufq,fih g; rdepf? em&D0uf? wpfem&Dy?J taESmiht f ,Surf jzpfygbl;vdYk xif&rSm aygh/ 'gayr,fh vmwJ'h um'umru wpfa,mufwnf; wpfzUJG wnf; rS r[kww f m? qufaewmqdak wmh OD;Zif;bufuMunf&h if wpfaeY vH;k tvkyyf suyf gw,f/ OD;Zif;u oAÁnKwÓPfawmfBuD;&xm;wJh yk*d¾KvfrS r [kww f m? odoifo h x d u kd w f mawG avhvm&OD;rSmaygh? y&d,wåu d sr;f *efawG? taxGaxGpmayawG zwf½&I OD;rSmaygh/ OD;Zif;twGuf awmh pmzwfcsed [ f m aeYpOf r&Srd jzpf vdt k yfygw,f/ tESpcf sKyaf jym&&if y&d,wåt d vkyaf &m? y#dywåt d vkyf 26

t&Siq f E´ru d

a&m tcsed jf ynfv h yk Ef ikd zf t Ykd wGuf wpfyg;wnf;awm&aqmufwnf aewmyg/ ]tcsed t f cuftcJaMumifh awmxGu&f wmyg} vdq Yk &kd if rrSm;ygbl;/ tcsed ?f tcsed /f Ak'j¨ rwfpmG omoemawmfBu;D eJY awGBY uKH ae&wJt h cdu k f tcsed w f ikd ;f [m odyw f efz;kd &Sw d ,f? wpfpuúeaYf v; awmif tavtvGichf v H rYkd &bl;/ 'um? 'umrawGukd tjypfzUJG wm r[kwb f ;l aemf? ud, k b hf ufu tcsed jf yóemudo k m ½d;k ½d;k om;om; wifjywmyg} ]awmxJrSm 'um'umrawGeJY vHk;0 tawGYrcHbl;vm; bk&m;} ]rGe;f wnfh q,fEh pS ef m&Duae q,fEh pS ef m&Dct JG xd? em&D 0ufawmh tawGUcHygw,f/ 'Dtcsed yf t J awGcY w H t hJ aMumif; awm& ausmif;rSm qdik ;f bkwv f nf; qGx J m;ygw,f/ cGijhf yKcsed rf [kwb f J a&mufvmvdYk wHcg;zGirhf ay;wJt h wGuf jyefqif;oGm;Mu&wJh 'um'umrawGukd tm;awmh emygw,f/ 'gayr,fh rwwfEikd b f ;l av/ tm;em&if cg;ygoGm;vdrrhf ,f/ tm;em jcif;[m qH;k ½H;I jcif;&JU taMumif;yJ r[kwv f m;/ tcsdefudk wefzdk;xm;vdkY vlrkef;&ifvnf; rkef;Muygap awmh/ tcsed u f kd zufw, G u f ;kd uG,rf v d Ykd cH&wJt h rke;f udk tNyKH ;eJY auseyfpmG cH,v l u kd yf gr,f} ]wpfyg;wnf; awm&aqmufwnfjcif;aMumifh &&Sv d mwJh tusdK;aus;Zl;eJY tawGYtBuHKawGudk rdefYawmfrlygOD; bk&m;} tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

]bmvJ? 'umBu;D u tm;usNy;D awmxGurf vdv Yk m;/ awm xJawmifxrJ mS wpfyg;wnf;ae&jcif;&JU tusKd ;aus;Zl;awGuawmh ajymjyvdaYk wmif rukeEf ikd yf gbl; 'umBu;D &,f/ rsm;rsm; ajym&if <um;&ma&mufaerSmpd;k vdYk erlemavmufyJ ajymjyyghr,f/ t"duuawmh pdwfat;csrf;rI tjynfht0 &wmygyJ/ ywf0ef;usio f bm0½Icif;awGaMumifah &m? wdwq f w d Nf ird o f ufrI udk tajccHwhJ pdwyf ikd ;f qdik &f m avhusirhf aI wGaMumifah &m tcsed f wdik ;f pdwaf t;csr;f rI &aeygw,f/ OD;Zif;&JU ausmif;ocFr;f eHab;rSm prf;acsmif;av;wpfck u q,fEh pS &f moD pD;qif;aew,f/ a&wHceG f tBu;D tao; tedrhf tjrifrh sKd ;pHyk /J ckvkd rd;k wGi;f qd&k if a&ydrk sm;vdYk odyo f m,mw,f/ awmxJawmifxrJ mS &Sw d hJ aus;iSuaf wGuvnf; tm;vH;k eD;yg; oDcsi;f qdw k wfwhJ aw;oDiu S af wGcsn;f yJ/ wcsKd UiSuaf wGu ud, k o hf pH Ofeu YJ , kd f oHpOfwpfrsKd ;yJ qdw k wfovdk wcsKd UiSuaf wGu awmh wpfaumifwnf;eJY oHpOftrsKd ;rsKd ;udk toHtrsKd ;rsKd ; vkyjf y;D qdkwwfMuygw,f/ ausmif;ocFr;f &JU aemufausmbufu awmtkyef ufeuf? opfyifjrifjh rifah wG&w dS hJ awmife&H rH wfrwfBu;D / ausmif;ocFr;f &JU rsuEf mS pmbufu ud, k ahf usmif;xuf edrw hf hJ awmifawG? &mbmNc?H opfo;D NcaH wG? NrKd U&Gmvlaetdru f opfyifawG? v,fuiG ;f jyifawG? jrpfacsmif;? tif;tdik af &jyifawG? tqH;k r&Sd wpfarQmw f pfac:Bu;D / Ny;D awmh opfyifawGMum;u xd;k xGuaf ewJh a&Ta&mifw0if;0if;eJY 28

t&Siq f E´ru d

apwDawmfawG? ykx;kd awmfawG/ ab;0J,mrSmvnf; awmifaMum qufpyfaewJh wjcm;awmifawG? axmifxyd u f apwDyx k ;kd awG/ OD;Zif;ausmif;ocFr;f uae a&SU aemuf0, J m b,fuykd J MunfMh unf?h obm0½Icif;awGu tvGet Yf vGef om,mMunfE;l zG,f aumif; vSygw,f/ txl;ojzifh prf;acsmif;xJua&awG wNird Nhf ird w hf oGio f iG f pD;qif;oGm;wmudkMunfh&if; rwnfNrJwJhtedpöoabmudk tjyif A[d'w ¨ pfvn S ?hf twGi;f tZÑww å pfvn S hf qifjcif&wm odyx f rd yd g w,f/ pD;qif;aysmufu, G o f mG ;wJh prf;a&awGet YJ wl ½kyw f if;rmrI? pdww f if;usyrf aI wG pD;0ifarsmygoGm;ovdk cHpm;&jy;D ½ky<f uufom; a&m? pdw<f uufom;yg ajyavsmv h ef;qef;oGm;ygw,f/ vwfqwfoef&Y iS ;f wJah vudk wpfavmuvH;k u avawG wpfa,mufwnf; uefx½dkufqGJ tydkifpD;xm;jyD; &SLae&ovdk w0Bu;D &I½u Id &f wJt h wGuv f nf; aoG;om;oefpY if pdwMf unfvifyg w,f/ ud, k ahf e&mxuf edrw hf hJ awmifawG tygt0if NrKd U&Gme,f y,f vGijf yifus,Bf u;D wpfcv k ;kH udk tay:pD;uae vTr;f Ny;D jrifae &wJt h wGuf arwåmydv Yk Ykd odyaf umif;ygw,f/ wpfavmuvH;k udk txufp;D uae NcKH Ny;D arwåm"mwfyv Ykd w T af e&wmrdYk ud, k &hf UJ arwåm &ifaiGv Y iId ;f atmufrmS owå0gtm;vH;k aEG;axG; aysmaf rGUaeMuo vdk cHpm;&ygw,f/ awmifay:txufp;D uae wpfavmuvH;k udk vTr;f NcKH MunfNh y;D arwåmyd&Yk wJt h &omudk awmifay:rSmaewJh ol tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

awGryS J cHpm;vdYk &rSmyg/ udavomjzpfp&mtm½Hak wG bmrSr&Sb d J yuwd wdwf qdwNf ird o f ufaewJt h wGuf w&m;tm;xkwv f v Ykd nf; odyaf umif;yg w,f/ wpfpuúeq Yf w kd pfpuúeYf t&rf;odomygw,f/ orm"dt&rf; jzpfv, G Nf y;D ÓPfvnf; t&rf;wufv, G yf gw,f/ vlolav;yg; oGm;vm 0ifxGufzdkY a0;vGef;wJhtwGuf aMumifv h nf; owfrw S cf iG jhf yKcsed u f vG&J if 'um'umr ta&muf tayguf r&So d avmuf enf;yg;wmrdYk pma&;csed v f nf; &ygw,f/ 'DaeYtxd w&m;pmtkyaf wG txdu k t f avsmuf xGuv f mEdik w f m [m awmxJrmS wpfa,mufwnf; aevdyYk g/ NrKd UrSmom ae&if pma&;jzpfrmS r[kwyf gbl;/ tESpcf sKyf ajym&&ifawmh awmxJawmifxrJ mS wpfyg; wnf; {upm&D oDwif;oH;k wJt h wGuf ud, k t hf usKd ;udak &m? trsm; tusKd ;udak &m? odrYk [kwf ud, k t hf usKd ;udak &m? omoemhtusKd ;udk a&m pdwaf t;csr;f vGwv f yfpmG ? odyx f ad &mufwiG u f s,pf mG o,fy;kd &Guaf qmifEikd yf gw,f/ OD;Zif;&JU yk*v ¾ u d b0taeeJY ajymwmyg aemf/ ]'gqd k t&S i f b k & m;u awmxJ r S m yJ wpf o uf v H k ; aeawmh rSmvm; bk&m;} ]awmxJrmS yJ wpfoufv;kH aeEdik &f ifawmh taumif;qH;k aygh 'umBu;D &,f/ aecsipf w d v f nf; &Syd gw,f/ 'gayrJh aejzpfr,f? raejzpfb;l qdw k muawmh rjrif&wJh uHw&m;uvnf; &Sad o;wmrdYk 30

t&Siq f E´ru d

,wdjywfawmh ajymvdYk rjzpfb;l / OD;Zif;u vrif;Bu;D &JU b0udk odyt f m;usw,f/ vrif; Bu;D [m avmuvlom;awGukd tat;"mwfeYJ tvif;"mwf ay;Ny;D aus;Zl;jyKw,f/ 'gayrJh avmuvlom;awGeYJ vdr;f usH uyfNijd cif; r&Sb d ;l / a0;a0;rSmyJ oD;oefaY ew,f/ OD;Zif;vnf; vrif;Bu;D vdyk J avmuvlom;awGeYJ a0;a0; rSm oD;oefaY e&if; avmuvlom;awGukd tat;"mwfeYJ tvif; "mwfay;Ny;D aus;Zl;jyKcsiw f ,f/ arwåmydaYk ewm? arwåmyGm;ae wm[m tat;"mwfeYJ aus;Zl;jyKaewmaygh/ tcgtm;avsmpf mG w&m;a[maewm? pmaya&;aewm[m tvif;"mwfeYJ aus;Zl; jyKaewmaygh/ arwåmtat;"mwfeYJ todÓPftvif;"mwf ay; Ny;D a0;a0;uae aus;Zl;jyKae&wJh vlom;vrif;b0rsKd ;udk ydNk y;D vdkvm;ygw,f/ uav;awGqakd ewJh oDcsi;f pmom;udk enf;rS;D Ny;D ajym& &if ]vrif;av;vdk usiahf erSm} aygh/ pum;rpyf ukefwifum;MuD;awG&JU aemufydkif;awGrSm a&;xm;wwfavh&w dS hJ pmom;av;wpfcu k kd owd&rdw,f/ ]a0;avaumif;av} wJ/h «'kwd,ydkif;udk pmrsufESm (171) wGif qufvufzwf½Iyg&ef/» g

tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

udo k uf 31

taumif;qHk;uawmh y|mef;w&m;yJjzpfjzpf wjcm;w&m;yJjzpfjzpf w&m;awmfwpfckck &GwfzwfylaZmfrIjyKawmUr,fqdk&if yxrOD;qHk;arwÅmbm0emyGm;rsm; arwÅokwf&GwfqdkNyD;rS jyKwmtaumif;qHk;ygyJ/ c

t&Sifbk&m; .... wynfah wmfu y|mef;w&m;awmfBu;D udk odyMf unfnKd whJ twGuf tdrrf mS aeYpOf &Gwzf wfygw,fb&k m;/ 'gayrJh vlBu;D wcsKUd u ]tdrrf mS y|mef;r&Gwaf umif;bl;? &Gw&f if tdraf pmifeh wf rae Edik b f J xGuaf jy;wwfw,f/ &Gww f o hJ l 'kua© &mufwwfw,f} vdYk ajymMuygw,fb&k m;/ tdrrf mS y|mef;&Gwo f if?h r&Gwo f if?h &Gw&f if 'kua© &muf? ra&muf ajzMum;ay;awmfryl gbk&m;/ armifaZmfrsKd;atmif? prf;acsmif;jrdKUe,f/

'umaZmfrsK;d atmif&UJ ar;cGe;f udk zwf&awmh OD;yOöi;f eJY cifrif&ifE;DS wJh 'umwpfa,mufukd csucf si;f owd&vdu k rf yd gw,f/ tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

vli,fwpfa,mufygyJ/ tdrrf mS y|mef;&Gw&f if cdu k w f wfw,fqkd vdYk olu a&Tw*d b kH &k m;ay: wufNyD; y|mef;&Gww f ,fw/hJ aeYwikd ;f vnf; bk&m;rwufEikd af wmh wpfywfwpfcg arG;aeYwikd ;f avmufyJ wufNyD; &Gwjf zpfw,fw/hJ wpfywfrmS wpf&ufyJ bk&m;ay: wufjzpfawmh wpfywf rSm wpfBudryf J y|mef;&Gww f hJ ukov kd f &awmhwmaygh/ usew f hJ ajcmuf&ufrmS awmh bk&m;ay: rwufjzpfwt hJ wGuf y|mef;&Gww f hJ ukov kd f ajcmuf&ufv;kH vufvw G q f ;kH ½I;H &awmhwmaygh/ bk&m;ay: rSmrS r[kwb f J tdrrf mS vnf; y|mef;&Gwrf ,fq&kd if aeYpOfeYJtrQ y|mef;&Gww f u hJ o k v kd f wk;d yGm;aerSm trSeyf gyJ/ tckawmh t,ltq trSm;udk vufc, H MkHunfNy;D vku d ef musio hf ;kH rdwt hJ wGuf &oif&h xdu k f wJh ukov kd w f &m;awG trsm;BuD; vufvw G q f ;kH ½I;H cJ&h ygw,f/ wu,fawmh y|mef;w&m;[m ewfy&dowfawGtwGuf t"duxm;NyD; jrwfpmG bk&m; a[mMum;cJw h myg/ a[mwmudu k ewfjynfrmS av/ ewfjynfrmS ewfy&dowftwGuf a[mxm;wJh w&m;udk ewfawGu rESpo f ufbJ &Syd ghrvm;/ olawmfaumif;ewf rSe&f if y|mef;w&m;udk b,fol b,fae&mrSm&Gw&f w G f ESpo f ufjrwf Ek;d pGm vma&mufem,lrmS aocsmygw,f/ y|mef;&Gwv f Ykd tdraf pmifeh wf raeEkid b f J xGuaf jy;&w,fqkd wm obm0rusygbl;/ wu,fqkd ud, k &f w G af y;vdYk olem&ay w,fqNkd y;D ud, k t hf rd u f awmif rcGmEdik af tmif jzpfaerSmyg/ olemcsif 34

t&Siq f E´ru d

wJh y|mef;&Gwaf y;wJt h wGuf ud, k u hf kd aus;Zl;awGwifNy;D cgwdik ;f xuf awmif ulnaD pmifah &SmufO;D rSmyg/ wu,fvYkd y|mef;oHMum;wmeJY xGuaf jy;wJh tdraf pmifeh wf &Scd w hJ ,fq&kd ifvnf; tJ'D tdraf pmifeh wf[m bke;f uHr&Sw d ehJ wf? olawmfaumif;pdwrf &Sw d ehJ wf? ol,w k rf mewfyJ jzpfygvdrrhf ,f/ tJ'v D ekd wfrsK;d ud, k t hf rd rf mS vmapmifah evdYv k nf; ud, k t fh wGuf bm tusK;d rS &Srd mS r[kwyf gbl;/ raeEdik v f Ykd xGuaf jy;oGm;vnf; bmrS vGr;f aep&m rvdyk gbl;/ tJ'v D ekd wfrsK;d ]tdrjf yif} rSm aevnf; tv um;? ]tdrw f iG ;f } rSm aevnf; tvum;ygyJ/ y|mef;w&m;tygt0if tbd"r®mw&m;awmfawGukd wm0 wðomewfjynfrmS jrwfpmG bk&m; a[mMum;awmfrpl Ofwek ;f u w&m; emy&dowfxrJ mS ]tuF&k } qdw k hJ ewfom;wpfa,mufvnf; yg0ifchJ ygw,f/ tuk&F ewfom;[m w&m;yGu J kd tapmqH;k a&mufvmjyD; a&SUqH;k u ae&mOD;xm;wmyg/ jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si&f UJ vuf0b J ufae&m rSm tem;uyfNy;D ae&mOD;xm;ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh olYxuf bke;f wefc;kd Bu;D wJh ewfawG? jA[®mawG a&mufvmwdik ;f a&mufvmwdik ;f aemuf qkwaf emufqw k Nf yD; ae&mz,fz,fay;ae&wJt h wGuf aemufq;kH jrwfpmG bk&m;&Sief YJ q,fEh pS , f Zl emuGma0;wJh ae&muyJ w&m;emcGihf &ygawmhw,f/ ewfBu;D vmawmh ewfi,fae&mz,fay;&wmaygh/ vlYavmurSmvnf; 'Dvykd gyJ/ yGv J rf;obifwpfc?k tcrf; tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

tem;wpfck usi;f yNyDq&kd if *kPBf uD;wJv h ?l rsuEf mS BuD;wJv h al wGu a&SUqH;k u ae&m,l&NyD; *kPif ,fwv hJ ?l rsuEf mS i,fwv hJ al wGu aemufuae ae&m,l&ygw,f/ *kPif ,fav aemufa&mufav ygyJ/ tdrrf mS yJjzpfjzpf? bk&m;rSmyJjzpfjzpf? ae&mXmewpfcck rk mS yk*Kd¾vw f pfa,mufa,mufu y|mef;w&m; &Gwyf mG ;Nyq D &kd if bke;f wef ck;d BuD;rm;wJh ewfawG? jA[®mtawG w&m;em<ua&mufvmMuyg w,f/ tdraf pmifeh wftygt0if e*du k &Sad eESiNhf yD;om;ewfawGu bke;f wefc;kd enf;yg;w,fq&kd if bke;f wefc;kd Bu;D rm;wJh ewfjA[®mawG twGuf (tuk&F ewfom;vdyk )J ae&mz,f aemufqw k af y;&wJh twGuf ta0;a&mufomG ;Edik yf gw,f/ tuk&F ewfom;[m ta0;a&mufomG ;ayr,fh jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu f kd pdwrf qd;k bJ ta0;uae w&m;em,lovdk ta0;a&muf oGm;wJh tdraf pmifeh wf[mvnf; y|mef;&Gwyf mG ;olukd pdwrf qd;k bJ ud, k u hf u H , kd f em;vnfpmG eJY ta0;wpfae&muae y|mef;w&m; emMum;aerSmyg/ vlyjJ zpfjzpf? ewfyjJ zpfjzpf ud, k ef YJ xdu k w f efwahJ e &mudk uk, d &f pNrJ r[kwv f m;/ ud, k u hf u H ay;wJah e&mrSm ud, k af us eyfpmG ae&rSmyJav/ y|mef;w&m; emMum;Ny;D ud, k x hf ufbek ;f wefc;kd Bu;D wJh ewf awG? jA[®mawG ud, k ahf e&mud, k f jyefomG ;wJt h cg tdraf pmifeh wf vnf; tdrrf mS aeNrw J ikd ;f jyefaecGi&hf oGm;NyaD ygh/ y|mef;wefc;kd aMumifh 36

t&Siq f E´ru d

olY&UJ bkAH rd mef pnf;pdrcf sr;f omawGawmif e*du k xuf Bu;D us,cf rf; em;vmrSm aocsmygw,f/ 'gqd&k if y|mef;&Gwv f Ykd tdraf pmifeh wfrmS tusK;d r,kww f t hJ wGuf y|mef;&Gwo f u l v kd nf; tdraf pmifeh wfu bmrS 'kua© y;rSm r[kwyf gbl;/ 'kur© ay;wJt h jyif aumif;usK;d csr;f om tjzmjzmeJY jynfph akH tmifawmif tultnDay;ygvdrOhf ;D r,f/ wu,fvYkd ud, k t hf rd rf mS &Sw d hJ tdrw f iG ;f ewfawG? tdrjf yifewf awGu ewfvYkd emrnfcx H m;wJh raumif;qd;k 0g;awG? tpdr;f o&JawG? zkwNf yw d mÅ awG? ewfrpd mä awGjzpfaecJrh ,fq&kd ifawmh y|mef;w&m;udk em;cg;Ny;D xGuaf jy;csif ajy;ygvdrrhf ,f/ ol,w k rf meJY olawmfaumif; w&m; rtyfpyfvYkd aMumuf&UHG xdwv f efYpmG xGuaf jy;oGm;MuwJh ]w&m;rBudKuf ewfirdu k }f awG ud, k t hf rd rf mS r&Sad wmhwm ydak wmif aumif;ygao;w,f/ 0rf;enf;p&mr[kwyf gbl;? 0rf;omp&myg/ a0omvDjynfrmS uyfab;BuD;awG qdu k af &mufcphJ Ofwek ;f u jrwfpmG bk&m;&Sief YJ &[ef;oHCmawmfawG &weokwf vSnhf vnf&w G q f Mkd uawmh bke;f wefc;kd BuD;wJh ewfjA[®mawG w&m;vm emMuwJt h wGuf raumif;qd;k 0g;awG? ewfrpd mä awG NrKd UwGi;f rSm rae Edik af wmhbJ td;k eif;cGuef if; xGuaf jy;oGm;Muygw,f/ a0omvDjynf vnf; uyfab;Bu;D awGu vGwaf jrmufNy;D csr;f om&m &cJyh gw,f/ y|mef;w&m;yJ&w G &f w G ?f wjcm;w&m;yJ&w G &f w G ?f ud, k b hf uf uawmh raumif;qd;k 0g;awG? ewfrpd mä awG? wefc;dk enf;wJh ewfawG ud, k yhf wf0ef;usirf mS raeEdik b f J xGuaf jy;oGm;apcsiw f hJ &nf&, G cf suf tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

qd;k rsK;d rxm;eJYaygh/ t,kwt f vwftjrwfra&G; b,fowÅ0grqdk w&m;em,lNy;D aumif;usK;d &apcsiw f hJ &nf&, G cf suaf umif;yJ xm;Ny;D &Gwyf g/ ud, k b hf ufu &nf&, G cf suq f ;kd Ny;D arwÅmw&m; acgif;yg; ae&ifawmh ta0; xGuaf jy;&wJh ewfawGu ]aeESiOhf ;D ayghumG ? tvSnu hf s&if rEGUJ pwrf;a[h} qdNk yD; ud, k u hf eH rd w hf t hJ cg? &Gwzf wfrI jywfomG ;wJt h cgrsK;d awGrmS wkYjH yefuvJph m;acswwfygw,f/ ud, k hf apwem ud, k t hf usK;d ay;wmygyJ/ taumif;qH;k uawmh y|mef;w&m;yJjzpfjzpf? wjcm;w&m; yJjzpfjzpf? w&m;awmf wpfcck k &Gwzf wfyal ZmfrI jyKawmhr,fq&kd if yxrOD;qH;k arwåmbm0em yGm;rsm;? arwÅow k f &Gwq f Nkd y;D rS jyKwm taumif;qH;k ygyJ/ arwåmw&m;ay;a0rIukd owÅ0gwdik ;f ESpo f ufvkd vm;MuwmrdYk bmw&m;awmfy&J w G &f w G ?f arwåow k u f kd t&if&w G yf g? arwåmbm0em t&ifymG ;ygvdYk 'umaZmfrsK;d atmifukd arwÅmeJY tMuH ay;vdu k yf gw,f/ y|mef;w&m;udk tdrrf mS vnf; &Gwo f ifyh gw,f? &Gwjf cif; aMumifh 'kur© a&mufwt hJ jyif aumif;usK;d csr;f om usuo f a& r*FvmtjzmjzmeJY jynfph EkH ikd yf gw,fvYkd ..../ tyÜrma'e orÜma'x/ «tifwmAsL;*sme,f? Edk0ifbm? 15? 2000»

t&Siq f E´ru d

■

wu,fawmUy|mef;w&m;[m ewfy&dowfawGtwGuf t"duxm;NyD;jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mMum;cJUwmyg/ a[mwmudkuewfjynfrSmav/ ewfjynfrSmewfy&dowftwGuf a[mxm;wJUw&m;udkewfawGu rESpfoufbJ&SdygUrvm;/ olawmfaumif;ewfrSef&if y|mef;w&m;udkb,folb,fae&mrSm &Gwf&Gwf?ESpfoufjrwfEdk;pGm vma&mufem,lrSmaocsmygw,f/

■

y|mef;wefcdk;aMumifUolh&JYbkHAdrmef pnf;pdrfcsrf;omawGawmife*dkuxuf MuD;us,fcrf;em;vmrSmaocsmygw,f/ 'gqdk&ify|mef;&GwfvdkhtdrfapmifUewfrSm tusKd;r,kwfwJUtwGuf y|mef;&Gwfoludkvnf;tdrfapmifUewfu bmrS'ku©ay;rSmr[kwfygbl;/

■

0ifavxGufavvdkhyJoHk;oHk; xGufav0ifavvdkhyJoHk;oHk; vufawGYbm0emtvkyfcGifrSmawmU ESmoD;0avxd&mt&yfrSm pdwfudk?owdudkpGJNrJpGmuyfxm;jyD; wpfxdwnf;xdaewmudk wpfodwnf;odaeatmif tqufrjywf½IrSwfyGm;rsm;aezdkhvdk&if;ygyJ/ tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

0ifavxGufavudk arUaewJUol[m b0arUaewJUoljzpfNyD; 0ifavxGufavudk rarUwJUol[m b0rarUwJUolyg/ b0rarUwJUoljzpfcsif&if 0ifavxGufavrSm tNrJrjywf? okdhr[kwf rMumcPowduyfxm;NyD; odaeyg ... . . ./ n

t&Sifbk&m; . . . ]tmemyge} udk wcsKUd u ]0ifav xGuaf v} vdYk ajymMujy;D wcsKUd u ]xGuaf v 0ifav} vdYk ajymMuygw,fb&k m;/ 0ifavxGuf avu trSev f m;? xGuaf v 0ifavu trSev f m; uGjJ ym;pGm od atmif ajzMum;ay;awmfryl gbk&m;/ armifNidrf;at;? jrpfajcNrdKU/

'umarmifNird ;f at;&JU ar;cGe;f udk zwfvu kd &f w,fq&kd ifyJ tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

OD;yOöi;f zm;atmufawm&rSm w&m;tm;xkwcf phJ Ofwek ;f u a,m*D wcsKUd udk q&mawmfb&k m;MuD; tcGiBhf uHKwikd ;f rdeYfMum;awmfral vh&dS wJh pum;wpfceG ;f udk csucf si;f owd&vdu k rf yd gw,f/ a,m*DwcsKUd u w&m;avQmufwt hJ cg ]wynfah wmfwYkd 'DaeY xGuaf v0ifav ½Irw S yf gw,fb&k m;} vdYk pum;csv D u kd w f meJY wpf NydKief uf q&mawmfb&k m;BuD;u ]'Dausmif;rSm (zm;atmufawm& rSm) xGuaf v 0ifav r&Sb d ;l ? 0ifav xGuaf vyJ &Sw d ,f} vdYk rdeYf Mum;awmfral vh&ydS gw,f/ ]tmemyge} qdw k m ]tme} eJY ]tyge} yk'Ef pS yf 'k u f kd aygif;pyf xm;wmyg/ (tme+ tyge = tmemyge) tmeudk 0ifav? t ygeudk xGuaf vvdYk bmomjyef&if tmemygeqdw k m ]0ifav xGuf av} aygh/ tmeudk xGuaf v? tygeudk 0ifavvdYk bmomjyef&if awmh tmemygeqdw k m ]xGuaf v0ifav} aygh/ tmeqdw k m tpqH;k jzpfwahJ v? tygeqdw k m aemufrjS zpf wJah vvdYk t"dymÜ ,f&ygw,f/ vlom;wpfO;D &JU b0tpOD;jzpfpOf (OyÜwu dÅ rú ) taeeJY Munfrh ,fq&kd ifawmh tpqH;k jzpfwhJ av[m xGuaf vyg/ aemufrjS zpfwhJ av[m 0ifavyg/ vufawGUb0jzpf pOf (y0wÅu d rú ) taeeJYMunfrh ,fq&kd ifawmh tpqH;k jzpfwhJ av[m 0ifavjzpfNyD; aemufrjS zpfwahJ v[m xGuaf vjzpfygw,f/ vlom;wpfO;D [m oaE¨om;b0 trd0rf;xJrmS aepOf toufr&SL&wJt h wGuf trd0rf;rSuRwv f w G zf mG ;jrifwmeJY wpfNyKd if 42

t&Siq f E´ru d

euf olY&UJ 0rf;wGi;f u avawG tjyifbufukd t&ifq;kH xGuv f myg w,f/ aemufrS tjyifbufu avudk &SLoGi;f vdu k w f t hJ wGuf tjyif avawG 0rf;wGi;f udk 0ifvmwmyg/ 'gaMumifh vlom;wpfO;D &JU arG;zGm;cgp b0tpOD;jzpfpOfukd MunfNh y;D ajym&if tmemygeqkw d m xGuaf v0ifavygvdYk ajym&rSmyg/ arG;zGm;jyD;wJah emuf vufawGUb0xJrmS vlom;wpfO;D tjzpfeYJ qufvuf&iS o f efaexdik Ef ikd zf Yt kd wGuaf wmh 0ifavudk t&if qH;k ]&SL} oGi;f &jyD;? xGuaf vudk aemufrS ]½du I }f xkw&f ygw,f/ ]&SL} Ny;D rS ]½Iu d }f &vdYkvnf; ]&SL½Iu d }f vdYk ac:Muwmaygh/ ]&SLd uf&LS } vdYk b,forl S roH;k EIe;f Muwmudk Munf&h if vufawGUb0rSm xGuaf v ½Iu d w f mu t&ifr[kwb f ;l / 0ifav&SLwmu t&ifqw kd m odom xif&mS ;ygw,f/ yHrk eS af ewJt h cgrSmvnf; 0ifavudk p&SLMuovdk touf ½SLavhusichf ef; vkyMf uwJt h cg? w&m;bm0emtvkyf tm;xkwMf u wJt h cgawGrmS vnf; 0ifavudk p&SLMuygw,f/ aemufq;kH pdwf vIy&f mS ;vdYk toufjyif;jyif;&SLMuwJh tcgrsK;d rSmawmif 0ifavudyk J p&SLMu&ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh vufawGUb0 jzpfpOfukd MunhNf yD; ajym&if tmemygeqdw k m 0ifavxGuaf vygvdYk ajym&rSmyg/ tmemygeudk ur®|mef;wpfct k jzpf usiBhf uHtm;xkwzf Ykd jrwfpmG bk&m;a[mwm[m arG;zGm;cgpvlom;awGtwGuf a[mwm r[kwyf gbl;/ vufawGUb0xJrmS &Sio f efvyI &f mS ;aewJh vlom;awG tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

twGuf a[mwmyg/ 'gaMumifh tmemygeudk ]0ifavxGuaf v} vdYk ok;H EIe;f wm[m vufawGUb0eJY wpfxyfwnf;uswt hJ wGuf toifah vsmq f ;kH ygyJ/ 'gayrJh ]ynwf} qdw k m tNrJxm0& rSew f t hJ &mr[kwb f J olYae&m? olYtcsed t f cgeJYo?l olYa'o? olYy*k Kd¾vef Yo J l tajctaetm; avsmpf mG rSeu f efMuwmrdYk ]xGuaf v0ifav} vdYk oH;k EIe;f r,fq&kd if vnf; rrSm;ygbl;/ ud, k q f E´&o dS vdk oH;k EIe;f wmrdYk ud, k b fh 0? ud, k hf pdwx f rJ mS awmh rSeaf erSmygyJ/ tmeqdw k m xGuaf v? tygeqdw k m 0ifav [kww f ,fyJ xm;OD;? ]xGuaf v0ifav} udk ]0ifavxGuaf v} vdYk ajymif;jyefjyef vSnhf oH;k r,fq&dk ifvnf; &ygw,f/]Eyes and Ears } udk rsupf ed YeJ m; vdYk wdu k ½f u kd b f momrjyefbJ ]em;eJYrsupf }d vdYk ajymif;jyefbmomjyef Ny;D ]owif;pmawG[m wdik ;f jynf&UJ em;eJYrsupf jd zpfw,f} vdYak wmifqkd Muao;wmyJr[kwv f m;/ ygVdpmayrSmawmh tJ'eD nf;udk 0PÖ0yd &d ,m,enf; = tu©&ma&SUaemufjyefwehJ nf;vdYk ac:ygw,f/ 0ifavxGuaf vvdYkyo J ;kH oH;k ? xGuaf v0ifavvdYkyo J ;kH oH;k ? vufawGUbm0emtvkycf iG rf mS awmh ESmoD;0avxd&mt&yfrmS pdwf ud?k owdukd pJNG rJpmG uyfxm;NyD; wpfxw d nf; xdaewmudk wpfod wnf; odaeatmif tqufrjywf ½Irw S yf mG ;rsm;aezdYk vd&k if;ygyJ/ ]xdrI ç odr?I xdEk pS cf ?k owd MuyfMuyfjyK} qdw k t hJ wdik ;f 0ifav xGuaf veJY qufpyfaewJh xdrI ½kyw f &m;? odrI emrfw&m;awG&UJ 44

t&Siq f E´ru d

oabmobm0udk wpfqifx h ufwpfqifh ydrk Nkd yD; odvmatmif usiBhf uHtm;xkwaf er,fq&kd if tmemygeur®|mef; jynfph akH tmif jrifomG ;Edik yf gw,f/ tm;xkwcf gp yxrydik ;f rSmom 'gu 0ifav? 'gu xGuaf vvdYk uGjJ ym;aeayr,fh tm;xkwrf I &ifu h suo f mG ;wJt h cgrSm awmh 'gu 0ifav? 'gu xGuaf vqdw k hJ todr&Sad wmhbJ xdro I abmoufouf? vIy&f mS ;rIoabmoufoufuykd J wpfqufwnf; awGUjrifomG ;ygvdrrhf ,f/ vlwpfa,muf[m 0ifavjyefrxGu&f if ? odYrk [kwf xGuf av jyefr0if&if aoqH;k wmrdYk 0ifavxGuaf vudk ]0ifoufxu G f ouf} vdYv k nf; oH;k EIe;f Muygw,f/ vlYtoufwpfacsmif;[m 0if aveJY xGuaf vMum; ? odYkr[kwf xGuaf veJY0ifavMum;rSmyJ&w dS m rdYk 0ifavxGuaf vonfyifvQif vlwpfa,muf&UJ b0ygyJ/ 0ifav xGuaf vudk arhaewJo h [ l m b0arhaewJo h jl zpfNy;D 0ifavxGuaf v udk rarhwo hJ [ l m b0rarhwo hJ yl g/ b0rarhwo hJ jl zpfcsi&f if 0ifav xGuaf vrSm tNrJrjywf? odYkr[kwf rMumcP owduyfxm;NyD; odaeyg .... vdYk/ tyÜrma'e orÜma'x/ g

«tifwmAsL;*sme,f? 'DZifbm? 6? 2000»

tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

aovGefNyD;wJUaemuf ukodkvftusKd;ay;aMumifU vljzpfoGm;w,f? ewfjzpfoGm;w,fqdk&if 'grSr[kwf tukodkvftusKd;ay;aMumifU i&JusoGm;w,f? wd&pämef jzpfoGm;w,fqdk&ifusef&pfolawGu olhtwGuf&nfpl;NyD;jyKwJU ukodkvf&JYtusKd;udk olvHk;0cHpm;cGifUr&Sdawmhygbl;/ c

t&Sifbk&m; . . . aoqH;k olu&kd nfp;l í tvSL'gejyKvyk v f Qif &nfp;l cH&olü rnfo h aYkd om tusK;d aus;Zl;rsm; &Edik o f nfukd odvydk gonfb&k m;/ OD;armifvS? tvHkNrdKUe,f/

'umBu;D OD;armifv&S UJ ar;cGe;f udk zwfvu kd &f w,fq&dk ifyJ vtawmfMumavmufu zwfvu kd &f wJo h wif;wpfy'k u f kd csucf si;f owd&vdu k rf yd gw,f/ rawmfwqrIwpfcek YJ ½kww f &ufaoqH;k oGm; cJ&h wJh emrnfausmt f Ekynm&Siw f pfO;D taMumif;yg/ aoNyD;aemuf olYtpfr&if;wpfa,muf&UJ 0rf;rSm a,musmf ;av;wpfa,muftjzpf tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

eJYyJ jyef0ifpm;vdYk t&G,af wmif tawmfav;a&mufaeygjyD/ olYrcd ifu aooGm;wJo h Ylom; olYajr;tjzpf olYwYkb d 0xJ jyef0ifa&mufvmwmudk taxmuftxm;cdik v f pkH mG odygvsuf ckcsed f xd olYom;twGuf &nfp;l Ny;D ukov kd jf yK? trQay;a0aewke;f ygyJw/hJ wu,fawmh aooGm;olu vlom;wpfO;D jyefjzpfaeNyq D w kd m twd tusoad erSawmh olYtwGu&f nfp;l Ny;D ukov kd jf yKtrQay;a0aep&m rvdak wmhygbl;/ jyKay;vnf; olYtwGuf bmrS tusK;d rNy;D tcsn;f ES;D ygyJ/ ukov kd rf jyK&bl;vdYk rqdv k ykd gbl;/ ukov kd q f w kd muawmh bmtaMumif;aMumifrh qdk jyK&rSmaygh/ aooluykd &J nfp;l &nfp;l ? &Sif oluyk d J &nfp;l &nfp;l ? ukov kd q f w k d mjyKoifyh gw,f/ 'gayr,fh aooGm; wJo h u l vljyefjzpfaeNyDq&kd if olYtwGuf &nfp;l NyD;jyKwhJ ukov kd &f UJ tusK;d udk olcpH m;cGihf r&Sad wmhb;l vdYkqv kd ykd gw,f/ vl0ifpm;u olY twGuf ukov kd jf yKay;rSe;f odNy;D om"kac:&if ukov kd af wmh&rSmaygh/ ukov kd t f usK;d awmh csucf si;f vufiif; cHpm;cGirhf &Syd gbl;/ &[EÅmyk*Kd¾vrf sm;rSwpfyg; owÅ0gwpfO;D wpfa,muf ao qH;k oGm;&if vm;a&muf&r,fb h 0 ig;rsK;d &Syd gw,f/ *wdig;yg;aygh/ vlYb0? ewfb0? i&Jb0? wd&pämefb0? NydwmÅ b0qdNk yD;awmh b0ig;rsK;d wpfrsK;d rsK;d udk vm;a&muf&ygw,f/ jA[®mb0u ewf b0xJrmS ? tol&um,fb0uNyw d mÅ b0xJrmS tusK;H 0ifygw,f/ ukov kd ef YJaowJo h u l ukov kd o f wåt d m;avsmpf mG vlYb0? 48

t&Siq f E´ru d

ewfb0qdw k hJ aumif;&mok*wdb0awGukd vm;a&muf&NyD; tuk odv k ef YJ aowJo h u l tukov kd o f wåt d m;avsmpf mG i&Jb0? wd&pämef b0? NydwmÅ b0qdw k hJ raumif;&m'k*w ¾ b d 0awGukd vm;a&muf& ygw,f/ aovGeNf y;D wJah emuf ukov kd t f usK;d ay;aMumifh vljzpfomG ; w,f? ewfjzpfomG ;w,fq&kd if? 'grSr[kwf tukov kd f tusK;d ay; aMumifh i&JusomG ;w,f? wd&pämefjzpfomG ;w,fq&kd if use&f pfoal wG u olYtwGu&f nfp;l NyD;jyKwhJ ukov kd &f UJ tusK;d udk ol vH;k 0cHpm;cGihf r&Sad wmhygbl;/ bmjzpfvYkv d q J akd wmh olYtwGuf &nfp;l Ny;D ukov kd f jyKaewmudk ol vH;k 0 rodEikd af wmhvYkdygyJ/ wu,fvYkd tukov kd t f usK;d ay;wpfcck ak Mumifh NydwmÅ bHk b0 a&mufomG ;r,fq&kd ifawmh use&f pfoal wGu olYtwGuf &nfp;l Ny;D jyKwhJ ukov kd &f UJ tusK;d udk taMumif;nDnw G rf ,fq&kd if ol tjynfh t0 cHpm;cGi&hf ydS gw,f/ bmjzpfvYkv d q J akd wmh olYtwGuf &nfp;l NyD; ukov dk jf yKaewmudk taMumif;nDnw G &f if ol odEikd v f YkdygyJ/ Nyw d mÅ bHb k 0a&mufwikd ;f vnf; &nfp;l ukov kd &f UJ tusK;d udk cHpm;cGi&hf w dS m r[kwyf gbl;/ xrif;qmavmifjcif;? a&rGwo f yd jf cif;wdYk&UJ ESyd pf ufrI 'Pfukd tNrJrjywf cHae&wJh ]tiwfcNH ydwmÅ } (ckyydÜ goduNydwmÅ )? yljyif;wJh rD;awmufr;D vQaH wG&UJ avmifuRr;f 0g;NrKd urf 'I Pf udk tMum;rvyf cHae&wJh ]tavmifcNH yw d mÅ } (edZÑmrwPdu S Nyw d mÅ )? tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

tol&um,fvYkd oD;jcm;ac:wJh ]tBuD;pm;NydwmÅ } (umv uOöu d NydwmÅ ) awG[m NydwmÅ jzpfayr,fh &nfp;l ukov kd u f kd om"k ac:Edik pf rG ;f r&SMd uwJt h wGuf &nfp;l ukov kd &f UJ tusK;d udk bmrScpH m;cGihf r&Syd gbl;/ olwpfyg;wdYkay;wJh tpm;tpmudk trSjD yKNy;D touf&iS af e &wJh ]tay;cHNyw d mÅ } (y&'wÅLyZD0u d Nyw d mÅ ) wpfrsK;d wnf;om &nfp;l ukov kd u f kd om"kac:Edik pf rG ;f &Sw d t hJ wGuf &nfp;l ukov kd &f UJ tusK;d udk cHpm;cGi&hf ydS gw,f/ 'Dtay;cHNyw d mÅ rsK;d udk ]a0rmeduNyw d mÅ } (Adrmef&iS f NydwmÅ ) vdYk trsm;u odMuygw,f/ &nfp;l ukov kd w f pfcu k t&nfp;l cHy*k Kd¾ vu f kd aumif;usK;d jyK Edik zf YkdtwGuf t*Fg&yfig;csuef YJ jynfph zkH Ykd vkt d yfygw,f/ (1) tvSLcHy*k Kd¾v[ f m ud, k u f sio hf v D pwJh olawmfaumif; *kPef YJ jynfph o kH jl zpf&r,f? (2) tvSLay;yk*Kd¾ v&f UJ oEÅmefrmS ]'Duo k v kd [ f m wrvGef b0 ajymif;oGm;wJh b,foYltwGuf &nfp;l ygw,f} vdYk &nfp;l pdwf xm; twdtus&&dS r,f? (3) vSLzG,yf pön;f trsK;d tpm; pHv k if&r,f? (4) tvSLay;yk*Kd¾ vu f rdr&d nfp;l wJyh *k Kd¾ vu f kd ukov kd t f rQ twef; ay;a0&r,f? (5) wrvGeb f 0rS t&nfp;l cHy*k Kd¾ vu f &nfp;l ukov kd u f kd 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om om"kac:&r,f/ 50

t&Siq f E´ru d

'Dt*Fg&yfig;csuef YJ jynfph NkH yq D &kd ifawmh om"kac:vdu k w f m eJY wpfNyKd ief uf tvSLyJrG mS yg0ifvLS 'gef;xm;wJyh pön;f awGeYJ emrnf omwlNy;D trsK;d tpm; tvGeaf umif;rGe?f ta&twGuf tqrsm;pGm omvGew f hJ ypön;f aygif;rsm;pGmudk wrvGeb f 0u t&nfp;l cHy*k Kd¾ vf aocsmayguf &&Scd pH m;&ygawmhw,f/ ]trnfw}l ]trsK;d aumif;} ypön;f awGukd ]tqwd;k } cHpm;&w,fqykd gawmh/ ]trnfw}l vdYq k x kd m;wJt h wGuf 'Du tpm;tpmay;vSLNy;D trQa0&if [drk mS tpm;tpm jynfph o kH mG ;ygw,f/ 'Du t0wft xnfay;vSLNy;D trQa0&if [drk mS t0wftxnf jynfph o kH mG ;ygw,f/ tpm;tpmay;vSL½keH YJ t0wftxnfyg rjynfph EkH ikd o f vdk t0wft xnfay;vSL½keH YJvnf; tpm;tpmyg rjynfph EkH ikd yf gbl;/ qGr;f omvSL Ny;D a&rvSL&ifawmif tpm;om &SNd y;D a&iwfaewwfygw,f/ 'g vSLay;rS 'g&oGm;wJo h abm&Sw d mrdYk vSLzG,yf pön;f trsK;d tpm;pHv k if zdYk odyt f a&;BuD;ygw,f/ aovGeo f u l kd &nfp;l wJh tvSLyJw G pfcrk mS atmufxpfq;kH tm;jzifh pm;p&mtwGuf qGr;f wpfyef;uef? odYkr[kwf rkeYfwpfc?k aomufp&mtwGuf a&wpfzefcu G ?f 0wf½pHk &m t0wftxnf twGuf vufow k yf 0gwpfxnf? odYrk [kwf vufuidk yf 0gwpfxnf? cdpk &maqmif;p&m taqmufttHt k wGuf xD;wpfvuf? odYkr[kwf ,yfawmifwpfacsmif;? pD;eif;oGm;p&m ,mOftwGuf zdeyfwpf&?H tenf;qH;k vSLzG,yf pön;f ig;rsK;d yg0if&ygr,f/ 'grS pm;a&;? aomuf tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

a&;? 0wfa&;? aea&;? oGm;vma&; tqifajyoGm;rSmyg/ use;f rm a&;yg jynfph o kH mG ;atmif vsuq f m;wpfxyk af vmuf xnfch six f nfh vku d yf gOD;/ rdru d &dk nfp;l Ny;D jyKwhJ tvSL'getrQtwef;udk om"kac:wJh NydwmÅ wpfO;D [m NydwmÅ b0u uRwv f w G x f u kd w f hJ uHyg&if om"k ac:Ny;D wmeJYwpfNyKd uef uf Nyw d mÅ b0u uRwv f w G Nf y;D uHtm;avsmf pGm ewfjynf? vlYjynf a&mufomG ;Edik yf gw,f/ uRwv f w G x f u kd w f u hJ H rygao;bl;qd&k ifawmh NydwmÅ b0rSmyJ use&f pfov l al wG vSL'gef; ay;wJh ypön;f awGeYJ tvm;wl trnfw?l trsK;d aumif;? tqwd;k ypön;f awGukd oH;k aqmifcpH m;cGihf &oGm;ygw,f/ jrwfpmG bk&m;vufxufwek ;f u ok0PÖbrl b d ufukd a& aMumif;c&D;uae ta&mif;t0,fxu G v f mwJh om0w¦Nd rKd Uom; ukef onfwpfpk ork'&´ mtv,frmS avrkew f ikd ;f 'PfrNd y;D uRe;f i,fwpf uRe;f ay: qdu k af &mufomG ;ygw,f/ uRe;f tv,fu qef;Mu,fvyS wJh Adrmefwpfv;kH xJrmS qHyifzm;vsm;csxm;wJh trsK;d orD;wpfa,muf cdak tmif;aewmawGUwJt h wGuf tjyifbuf xGuv f mzdYk ukeo f nf wpfa,mufu vSr;f ac:vdu k yf gw,f/ ]em;eJYrem ç z0g;eJYemyg OD;&,f? uRerf rSm 0wfp&mt0wf vH;k 0r&Sv d Ykd uk, d w f ;kH vH;k jzpfaeygw,f? uRerf wpfu, dk v f ;kH udk qHyif awGeYJyJ zH;k xm;&ygw,f&iS ?f &Suv f eG ;f vdYk uRerf tjyifrxGu0f w Hh m cGiv hf w T yf gaemf} 52

t&Siq f E´ru d

]'gqdk uReaf wmfyh ck ;kH ay:u a[m'Dtay:½kt H 0wf t&Sirf udk ay;ygw,f? a&mh .... ,lyg? 'Dt0wfukd 0wfNyD; cPavmuf tjyifxu G cf yhJ g cifAsm} ]OD;&JU MuifemrI? ulnrD t I wGuf aus;Zl;trsm;MuD;wifyg w,f OD;&,f? 'gayr,fh uRerf wdYv k kd wrvGeo f al wGukd OD;wdYv k kd vlawG u ypön;f wpfcck ak y;csi&f if tJ'v D kd wdu k ½f u kd Bf u;D ay;vdYkr&bl;av OD;&JU? ay;wJo h u l ay;vnf; uRerf wdYku vH;k 0 ,lvYkdr&bl;} ]OD;&JUt0wf uRerf udk ay;csiw f ,fq&kd if OD;wdYk oabFmom; awGxrJ mS &wemoH;k yg;eJY uH? uH&UJ tusK;d w&m;udk vufc, H MkH unf Ny;D o&P*Hw k nfaewJh olawmfaumif;wpfa,muf ygvmygw,f/ OD;&JU t0wf olYukd ay;vSLjcif;jzifh OD;u 'geukov kd f t&if,x l m; vdu k yf g/ Ny;D rS OD;&xm;wJ'h geukov kd t f zdYu k kd uRerf twGuf &nfreS ;f NyD; trQtwef;ay;a0vdu k yf g/ uRerf u 0rf;ajrmufpmG om"kac: jcif;jzifh vufc, H v l u kd yf ghr,f/ 'gqd&k if OD;ay;wJt h 0wfxuf tq aygif;rsm;pGm aumif;NyD;? tqaygif;rsm;pGm rsm;wJh t0wftxnf awG uRerf &NyDaygh&iS }f Adrmef&iS f trsK;d orD;av; ñTeMf um;wJt h wdik ;f olawmf aumif; oabFmom;udk useo f abFmom;awGu eHYom&nfawGeYJ a&csK;d ay;Mu? oifah wmfw0hJ wfpw kH pfp0kH wfqifay;Mu? teHYt&om eJYjynfph w kH hJ pm;zG,af omufz, G af wG auR;arG;MuNy;D 'geukov kd af wG t&if,x l m;vdu k Mf uygw,f/ Ny;D rS olrudk &nfreS ;f Ny;D trQtwef; tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

ay;a0vdu k Mf uygw,f/ olr om"kac:vdu k w f meJYwpfNyKd ief uf ewf jynfu t0wftpm;eJYwlwJh 0wfp&mrsKd;pHk? ewfjynfu tpm;tpmeJY wlwhJ pm;p&mrsK;d pH?k jynfjh ynfph pkH ?Hk ydyk v kd Qv H QBH uD; olr &&So d mG ;ygw,f/ Nyw d mÅ EG,zf mG ; wrvGeo f ?l wrvGeo f m;awGukd bmypön;f ay;ay; wku d ½f u kd af y;vdYkr&ygbl;/ vufeYJuikd Nf y;D yJjzpfjzpf? pm;yGaJ y:? pifay:? tkw*f al y:oGm;wifNy;D yJjzpfjzpf? yHpk w H yl pön;f twkawG? puúL awGukd rD;½IUd Ny;D yJjzpfjzpf vH;k 0 ay;vdYkr&ygbl;/ ay;vdYk&w,fvYkd ,Hk MunfNyD;ay;vnf; tJ'D ,HMk unfr[ I m wvJ, G MkH unfrI (t,lvrJG )I rQomjzpfwt hJ wGuf tcsed u f ek ?f vlyef;? aiGcef;½Hu k vGv J Ykd bmtusKd ;rS r&Syd gbl;/ ,Hw k ikd ;f jzpfwmrS r[kwb f /J 'ghaMumifh wrvGeaf &mufaus;Zl;&Siaf wGukd wu,faus;Zl; qyfcsiw f ,f? wrvGeaf &muf cspcf ifoal wGukd wu,ftusK;d &ap csiw f ,fq&kd if vGrJ mS ;wJh ay;enf;rsK;d awGukd a&SmifMuOfNyD; olawmf aumif;*kPef YjJ ynfph w kH hJ &[ef;oHCm? odYrk [kwf vl0wfaMumifawGukd rdrd ay;vd&k m ypön;f rsm; ay;vSLjcif;jzifh 'geukov kd u f kd ud, k u f t&if&atmif ,lyg? Ny;D rS tJ''D geukov kd u f kd wrvGeaf &muf ud, k hf aus;Zl;&Si?f ud, k chf spcf ifoal wGukd twdtus&nfreS ;f Ny;D trQtwef; ay;a0vdu k yf g .... vdYk/ tyÜrma'e orÜma'x/ «tifwmAsL;*sme,f? azazmf0g&D? 7? 2001»

t&Siq f E´ru d

■

'Dutpm;tpmay;vSLNyD;trQa0&if [kdrSmtpm;tpmjynfUpHkoGm;ygw,f/ 'Dut0wftxnfay;vSLNyD;trQa0&if [dkrSmt0wftxnfjynfUpHkoGm;ygw,f/ tpm;tpmay;vSL½kHeJht0wftxnfyg rjynfUpHkEdkifovdkt0wftxnf ay;vSL½kHeJhvnf;tpm;tpmyg rjynfUpHkEdkifygbl;/qGrf;omvSLjyD; a&rvSL&ifawmiftpm;om &SdNyD;a&iwfaewwfygw,f/

■

edAÁmefudk&nfpl;wJUawmif;qk[m tjrifUqHk;awmif;qkyg/ edAÁmefblwmtxdukodkvfvufrSwf jzwfxm;NyD;rSawmUvlcsrf;om ewfcsrf;omqdkwJUMum;blwmawG jzwfoef;cGifUr&rSmudk awG;ylaep&mrvdkawmUygbl;/ aocsmaygufjzwfoef;cGifU&rSmyg/

■

bmaumif;rIyJjyKjyK jyKaeqJtcdkuftwefhrSm edAÁmefqdkwJUtjrifUqHk;qkudkyJ awmifUwNyD;jyKoifUayr,fU jyKNyD;aemufydkif;b0tcuftcJawG b0vdktyfcsufawGeJh BuHKqHkvmwJUtcgrSmawmU udk,fjyKxm;wJUaumif;rIudkwdkifwnfjyD; opömqdkqkawmif;cGifU&Sdygw,f/ tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

udk,fU&JYawmif;qkudktjrifUqHk;rSm xm;wwfzdkh? xm;Edkifzdkh? xm;jzpfzdkh txl;vdktyfvSygw,f/ tjrifUqHk;awmif;qkudkjyKxm;&iftjrifUqHk;&JY atmufuaumif;usKd;qkvmbfawGudkvnf; rvdkcsiftqHk;&&SdoGm;rSmyg/

t&Sifbk&m; . . . bk&m;wynfah wmf ukov dk jf zpf aoG;vSL'gef;aewm q,fh wpfBurd f &So d mG ;ygjyb D &k m;? aoG;vSL'gef;&wJh ukov kd af Mumifh &&Sd Edik w f hJ tusK;d w&m;rsm;udk ajzMum;ay;awmfryl gbk&m;/ armifausmfaqG? ywåjrm;NrdKUopf/

'umausmaf qG&UJ ar;cGe;f udk zwfvu kd &f w,fq&kd ifyJ bk&m;avmif; od0rd if;Bu;D udk csucf si;f owd&vdu k rf yd gw,f/ aoG; qdw k m cE¨mud, k &f UJ tpdwt f ydik ;f wpfcjk zpfvYkd cE¨mud, k &f UJ tpdwt f ydik ;f wpfck &ufa&mpGm vSL'gef;cJzh ;l wJh bk&m;tavmif; od0rd if;MuD; udk owd&rdwmyg/ bk&m;avmif; od0rd if;Bu;D [m pGeYBf uaJ y;urf;vSL'gef;ae& wJt h vkyrf mS tifrwef arGUavsmw f hJ 'geaysmf rif;aumif;rif;jrwf wpfyg; jzpfygw,f/ olrif;jzpfwahJ eYupNy;D NrKd UwHcg;av;zuf&,f? NrKd Uv,faumif&,f? eef;awmfwcH g;&,f? XmeBu;D ajcmufcrk mS tvSL tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

r@yfBuD; ajcmufcak qmufvyk jf yD; aeYpOfaeYwikd ;f tojymajcmuf ode;f wef tvSLBuD; ay;aecJyh gw,f/ ]jyifytvSL} eJY ywfoufvYdu k awmh od0rd if;Bu;D rvSLzl;wJh tvSL wpfcrk S r&Syd gbl;/ ypön;f trsK;d tpm; pHv k ifatmif vSLzl;yg w,f/ 'gayrJh auseyftm;&rIr&Sad o;wJt h wGuf cE¨mud, k t f pdwf tydik ;f wpfcck k ay;vSL&wJh ]twGi;f tvSL} ay;vSLcsiw f hJ pdwq f E´ olYrmS jyif;jyxufoefvmygw,f/ tvSLcHwpfpw kH pfa,muf ESv;kH om;vkcd si&f if ESv;kH om; xkwv f LS r,f? tom;vdck si&f if tom;jzwfvLS r,f? aoG;vdck si&f if aoG;azmufvLS r,f? rsupf v d ckd si&f if rsupf x d w k v f LS r,f? uRev f ckd sif &if rif;pnf;pdrpf eG YfNyD; igud, k w f ikd f uRev f yk rf ,fvYkd tcdik t f rmqH;k jzwfxm;wJh bk&m;avmif; od0rd if;BuD;xHarSmuf rsurf jrifyP k mÖ ; tdt k oGief YJ odMum;rif;a&mufvmNy;D rsupf w d pfv;kH tvSLcHygawmh w,f/ rsupf w d pfv;kH yJ tvSLcHwyhJ P k mÖ ;udk od0rd if;Bu;D u rsupf d ESpv f ;kH vH;k azmufxw k af y;vSLcJyh gw,f/ ]tckvkd rsupf Ed pS v f ;kH xkwf vSL&wJu h o k v kd af umif;rI[m oAÁnKwÓPfawmfBu;D &JU taxmuf tyHjh zpfygap} vdYk rsupf t d vSL&JU tusK;d w&m;tjzpf oAÁnKwÓPf awmfBu;D udyk J od0rd if;Bu;D awmifw h cJyh gw,f/ awmifw h cJw h t hJ wdik ;f vnf; oAÁnKwÓPfawmfBu;D &Ny;D bk&m;tjzpfeYJ owÅ0gtrsm;&JU aumif;usK;d csr;f omudk olrwlatmif &Guaf qmifawmfrEl ikd cf yhJ gw,f/ 58

t&Siq f E´ru d

b,f ]aumif;rI} yJjyKjyK? ]awmif;qk} u odyt f a&;BuD; ygw,f/ vlom;awGrmS aumif;rIwpfcjk yKNyD;wdik ;f awmif;qkwpfck awmh tenf;qH;k &Sw d wfMuwmrdYk ud, k &hf UJ awmif;qkukd tjrifq h ;kH rSm xm;wwfzY?kd xm;Edik zf Y?kd xm;jzpfzYkd txl;vdt k yfvyS gw,f/ tjrifq h ;kH awmif;qkukd jyKxm;&if tjrifq h ;kH &JUatmufu aumif;usK;d qkvmbf awGuv kd nf; rvdck sit f qH;k &&So d mG ;rSmyg/ txl; awmifw h aep&m rvdyk gbl;/ &efuek u f ae rEÅav;txd &xm;vufrw S jf zwfxm;wJh ol[m yJc;l blwm a&mufygap? ompnfbw l m a&mufygap? qk awmif;aep&mrvdyk gbl;/ aocsmaygufa&mufygw,f/ yJc;l txd? ompnftxdyJ &xm;vufrw S jf zwfxm;w,fq&kd ifawmh yJc;l txd? ompnftxdyJ a&mufygw,f/ yJc;l blwm? ompnfbw l mrSm qif; ae&pfcahJ yawmh? yJc;l [db k uf? ompnf[b kd uf qufvu kd zf Ykd vH;k 0 pdwrf ul;eJY/ qufvu kd cf si&f if vufrw S x f yf0,f? 'grSr[kwf ydu k q f x H yfay;? 'gygyJ/ ]oAÁarawe vAÇwd = þaumif;rIjzifh rdrt d vd&k &dS m aumif;usK;d tm;vH;k &Edik \ f } qdw k hJ bk&m;pum;awmfeYJtnD b,f aumif;rIurqdk b,faumif;usK;d udrk qdk ay;pGr;f Edik yf gw,f/ rdrjd yK vdu k w f ahJ umif;rIwpfcak Mumifh vlrif;? ewfrif;vnf; jzpfEikd o f vdk vloal X;? ewfoal X;vnf; jzpfEikd yf gw,f/ vlynm&S?d ewfynm&Sd vnf; jzpfEikd o f vdk vlt&d,m? ewft&d,mvnf; jzpfEikd yf gw,f/ tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

tjrifq h ;kH taeeJY bk&m;awmif jzpfEikd yf gw,f/ bk&m;qk? yapöuAk'q ¨ ?k t*¾om0uqk? r[mom0uqk qdw k hJ txl;qkawGukd &nfreS ;f awmifw h wJo h al wGtaeeJY b,f aumif;rIyjJ yKjyK ]'Daumif;rI[m rdr&d vd&k m aAm"dÓPf&UJ taxmuf tyHjh zpfygapvdYk} pdwn f w G q f ak wmif;Edik yf gw,f/ txl;qkawGukd rarQmrf eS ;f awmhbJ ½d;k ½d;k av;eJYyJ edAmÁ efp0H ifcsiyf gw,fq&kd ifawmh aumif;rIwpfcck jk yKNyD;wdik ;f ]'Daumif;rI[m edAmÁ efcsr;f om&JU t axmuftyHjh zpfygap} vdYk pdwn f w G q f ak wmif;&ygr,f/ edAmÁ efukd &nfp;l wJah wmif;qk[m tjrifq h ;kH awmif;qkyg/ edAmÁ efbw l mtxd ukov kd v f ufrw S jf zwfxm;Ny;D rSawmh vlcsr;f om? ewfcsr;f omqdw k hJ Mum;blwmawG jzwfoef;cGirhf &rSmudk awG;ylaep &mrvdak wmhygbl;/ aocsmayguf jzwfoef;cGi&hf rSmyg/ vlcsr;f om? ewfcsr;f omudk b,fvykd pkH rH sK;d eJY cHpm;cGi&hf rvJqw kd muawmh uHjyK csed rf mS xm;&Scd w hJ hJ ud, k &f UJ pdwaf epdwx f m; pdwt f iftm;tay:rSmyJ tjynft h 0 rlwnfygw,f/ pdwx f m;eJYxu kd w f efwt hJ usK;d udk rvGJ raoG cHpm;&rSmyg/ ]aoG;onftouf? toufonfaoG;} vdYk qdw k t hJ wdik ;f aoG;qdw k m vlwpfa,muf&UJ toufyg/ aoG;vSLwJo h [ l m touf udk ay;vSL&ma&mufygw,f/ 'ghaMumifh aoG;vSL&Si[ f m jzpfav&m b0wdik ;f touf&n S jf cif;? tema&m*guif;&Si;f jcif;qdw k hJ aumif; usK;d awG&&SEd ikd yf gw,f/ txl;ojzifh aoG;tm;aumif;wJh a'gifa'gif 60

t&Siq f E´ru d

jrnfuse;f rma&;ykid &f iS f jzpfrmS aocsmygw,f/ aoG;&JUta&miftqif;udMk unfNh y;D yDwjd zpfr,fq&kd ifawmh jzpfav&mb0wdik ;f ½kyt f qif;acsmarmvSyoljzpfEikd yf gw,f/ yef;Ek a&mif yg;jyifuav;&,f? ESi;f qDz;l EIwcf rf;av;&,f ...bmnmaygh/ aoG;aMumifh tm;&So d mG ;wmudk MunfE;l aer,fq&kd ifawmh tiftm; BuD;rm;wJh vlprG ;f vloef jzpfEikd yf gw,f/ aoG;tm;jynf0h vdYk ÓPf &Tiv f ef;oGm;wmudk tm½kjH yKauseyfaeOD;r,fq&kd ifawmh ÓPf&nf xufjrufwhJ ynm&Sd jzpfEikd yf gao;w,f/ ]tpm;vSL&if tpm;aygw,f? a&vSL&if a&aygw,f}qdk wmrsK;d avmufwifruygbl; 'umausmaf qGa& ..../ owÅ0gawG&UJ pdwq f w kd muvnf; qef;Mu,fvw S mrdYk (qef;Mu,fvYkv d nf; pdwf vdYkac:wmyg) qef;Mu,fwphJ w d ef YJjyKwu hJ aH wGuvnf; qef;Mu,f vSygw,f/ uHqef;Mu,foavmuf tusK;d ay;awGuvnf; qef; Mu,fvw S mrdYk aumif;rIuw H pfcjk yKr,fBuHwikd ;f ? jyKaewdik ;f ? jyKNyD; wdik ;f ud, k &hf UJ pdwu f kd pHcsed t f jrifq h ;kH jzpfatmif? bufaygif;pHk t&nf taoG;aumif;awG jynfph akH tmif txyfxyftcgcg jyKjyifoifyh g w,f/ uk, d u f pdwaf pwemjywfom;xufoefpmG tcrJv h LS 'gef; xm;ygvsuf aoG;tvSLcHol vlemqDu aoG;zd;k ydu k q f aH wmif;wm rsK;d ? aoG;tpm; jyefawmif;wmrsK;d udk Mum;cHvw l pfpw kH pfa,muf? odYkr[kwf wpfpw k pfzUGJ u wu,fvYkd vkyv f mcJ&h ifvnf; 'gudk tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

acgif;xJxnfNh yD; cHpm;raeygeJY/ Mum;ayr,fh rMum;ovd?k BuHKay r,fh rBuHKovdk oabmxm;NyD; vspv f sL½Ivu kd yf g/ ud, k t hf ydik ;f eJY ud, k ?f olYtydik ;f eJYo?l ud, k ahf pwemud, k ?f olYapwemol? ud, k u hf u H ud, k u hf kd tusK;d ay;r,f? olYuu H olYukd tusK;d ay;r,f? ud, k ahf pwem udak wmh tysurf cHygeJY/ [dw k avmu owif;wpfck Mum;vdu k yf gw,f/ &efuek rf mS aemufq;kH zGiv hf u kd w f hJ yk*v ¾ u d txl;ukaq;½kBH u;D wpfcrk mS aoG;udk vdo k avmuf 0,f,v l Ykd&ygowJ?h tJ'v D kd tqifoifh 0,f,El ikd zf Ykd 'Daq;½ku H kd aoG;vma&mif;ol trsm;pku qdu k u f m;orm;awGw/hJ Edik if jH cm;wdik ;f jynfwcsKUd rSmvnf; q&m0efwcsKUd u vlem awG&UJ uk, d w f iG ;f t*Fgtpdwt f ydik ;f awGukd vlemrodatmif ck;d ,lpk aqmif; a&mif;csw,fqw kd hJ owif;awGvnf; Mum;zl;ygw,f/ tJ'gawGuawmh avmua&;t&vnf; w&m;r0ifovdk "r®a&;t&vnf; rvkyo f ifrh vkyx f u kd w f hJ tukov dk t f rIawGjzpfyg w,f/ xm;ygawmh? aoG;tvSLtusK;d eJY qufpyfaevdYk od0rd if;Bu;D taMumif; enf;enf;jyefaumufyg&ap/ od0rd if;BuD;[m rsupf Ed pS u f iG ;f tvif;r&awmhwt hJ wGuf rsurf jrifb0eJY wdik ;f jynftyk cf sKyaf evdYk bmtusK;d xl;rSmvJqNkd yD; wdik ;f jynftmPmudk trwfBuD;rsm; vufxJ tyfEv HS u dk yf gw,f/ &aoh&[ef;jyKNyD; w&m;bm0emeJYyJ aeawmhr,fvYdk qH;k jzwfNyD; rif;O,smOfawmtkyx f u J a&uefeaH b;rSm wifysOaf cGxikd &f if; rsuf 62

t&Siq f E´ru d

pdtvSLtaMumif; pOf;pm;yDwjd zpfaewke;f jzKe;f qdk ewfwYkdoeif; odMum;rif;BuD; a&mufvmygw,f/ ]toifrif;BuD; vd&k mqk awmif;awmfryl g} ]rsurf jrifb0a&mufaevdYk aowJq h yk J vdck siyf gw,f odMum;rif;} ]toifrif;Bu;D u wu,fukd aocsiaf evdYk aowJq h v k ckd sif wmvm;? 'grSr[kwf rsupf rd jrifawmhvYkd aowJq h k vdck siw f mvm;} ]rsupf rd jrifawmhvYkd aowJq h k vdck siw f myg} ]'gqdk toifrif;BuD;&JU rsupf t d vSLudk opömqkMd unfyh g vm;? 'geukov kd af umif;rIqw kd m wrvGeaf umif;usK;d twGuf t"d u &nfp;l NyD; jyKwm rSeaf yr,fh ypöKyeÜ af umif;usK;d twGuv f nf; taxmuftuljyKw,fav} ]a0hvnfaMumifywf vkyrf aeygeJY odMum;rif;&,f? uREyfk f udk rsupf ad y;csiw f ,fq&kd if odMum;rif;wefc;kd eJYyJ ay;vdu k yf gawmh vm;} ]ewfjynfukd tpd;k &wJh odMum;rif;qdak yr,fh olwpfyg;udk rsupf ad y;Edik af vmufatmifawmh tpGr;f r&Syd gbl; rif;Bu;D ? ud, k 'hf ge udk tm½kjH yKNyD; opömqdv k u kd yf g? rsupf jd yef&vmygvdrrfh ,f} odMum;rif;Bu;D &JU tBuaH y;wku d w f eG ;f csuaf Mumifh od0rd if; Bu;D vnf; opömESpcf q k v kd u kd yf gw,f/ yxropöm&JUtqH;k rSm rsupf d wpfv;kH ? 'kw, d opöm&JUtqH;k rSm rsupf w d pfv;kH jyef&wJt h wGuf rsuf tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

pdEpS v f ;kH vH;k taumif;yuwdtwdik ;f jyefjzpfomG ;ygw,f/ 'gewefc;kd ? opömwefc;kd aMumifh rsupf t d jrifprG ;f &nf[m eH&w H pfzuf? ausmufawmifwpfzuf? ajrawmifwpfzufuakd wmif xGi;f azmuf½jI rifEikd pf rG ;f &So d mG ;ygw,f/ ywfywfvnf ,lZemwpf&m (rdik af ygif;&Sp&f m) txd jywfjywfom;om; jrifEikd pf rG ;f &So d mG ;ygw,f/ od0rd if;BuD;qdw k hJ opömESpcf u k awmh .... ]uREyfk q f D tvSLvmcHoal wG[m tvTmaygif;pH?k tqift h wef;aygif;pHu k jzpfygw,f/ b,ftvTm? b,ftqift h wef;u tvSLcHuykd jJ zpfjzpf uREyfk [ f m arwÅmw&m;tjynft h 0eJY cspcf ifjrwf Ed;k pGm vSL'gef;cJyh gw,f/ þpum;onf rSeyf gw,f/ þrSeaf om opömpum;aMumihf uREykf \ f rsupf d yuwdtwdik ;f jyefjzpfygapo wnf;} ]uREykf x f H rsupf d tvSLvmcHwyhJ P k mÖ ;udk o'¨gMunfjzLpGm jzifh rsupf Ed pS v f ;kH vH;k ay;vSLcJyh gw,f? tJ'v D kd ay;vSL&wJt h wGuf uREykf rf mS ESpo f uf0rf;ajrmufrI yDwad omreóawG wzGm;zGm;eJY tiftm;Bu;D rm;pGm jzpfay:aeygw,f/ þpum;onf rSeyf gw,f/ þrSeaf om opömpum;aMumifh uREyfk \ f rsupf d yuwdtwdik ;f jyefjzpfygapownf;} bmaumif;rIyjJ yKjyK? jyKaeqJtcdu k t f wefYrmS edAmÁ efqw kd hJ tjrifq h ;kH qkuykd J awmifw h NyD; jyKoifah yr,fh jyKNyD;aemufyikd ;f b0 tcuftcJawG? b0vdt k yfcsuaf wGeYJ BuHKqv kH mwJt h cgrSmawmh 64

t&Siq f E´ru d

uk, d jf yKxm;wJh aumif;rIukd wdik w f nfjy;D opömqdk qkawmif;cGihf &Sd ygw,f/ bmrqdk jzpfEikd w f ,fvYkd rqdv k akd yr,fh uHtm;avsmpf mG ? tcsed t f m;avsmpf mG twkid ;f twmwpfct k xdawmh tusK;d jzpfxeG ;f Edik f ygw,f/ ]uREyfk o f nf b,faeYb,f&ufrS pNyD; aoG;vSL'gef;cJyh g w,f/ aoG;vSLwm b,fEBS udr&f o dS mG ;ygjyD/ þpum;onf rSeyf g w,f/ þrSeaf omopömpum;aMumihf .... bmjzpfygap} vdYk rdrv d &kd m qk awmif;vdu k rf ,fq&kd ifawmh aoG;vSLjcif;&JUtusK;d [m bmygvdYk abmifcwfuefYowfvYkd &Edik yf gOD;rvm;/ bk&m;tavmif; olawmfaumif;Bu;D awG qnf;yl;jznhu f sihf MuwJh 'geyg&rDukd 'ge½d;k ½d;k yg&rD? 'geOyyg&rDeYJ 'gey&rw¦yg&rDvYkd oH;k rsK;d cJjG cm;Edik yf gw,f/ cE¨mud, k jf yify ypön;f 0w¦KawG pGeYfvw T v f LS 'gef;wmudk 'ge½k;d ½d;k yg&rD? t*Fgajcvuf taoG;tom; rsupf pd wJh ud, k t f *Fgtpdwt f ydik ;f awG pGeYfvw T v f LS 'gef;wmudk 'geOyyg&rD? touf pGeYfvw T v f LS 'gef;wmudk 'gey&rw¦yg&rDvYkd ac:ygw,f/ rdrcd E¨mud, k x f u J aoG;udk azmufxw k Nf yD; vSL'gef;wJh aoG; tvSL[m bk&m;tavmif; olawmfaumif;BuD;awG qnf;yl; jznfh usiMhf uwJh 'geOyyg&rD ukov kd x f ;l BuD; jzpfygw,fvYkd ..../ tyÜrma'e orÜma'x/ g

«tifwmAsL;*sme,f? {jyD? 4? 2001»

tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

t&Sifbk&m; . . . vl w pf O D ; aoqH k ; í wrvG e f b 0 a&muf & S d o G m ;csd e f w G i f tMum;tjrifq&m? bd;k awmf? ewf0ifonf ponfo h w l u Ykd aoqH;k olonf rnfonfb h b kH 0odYk a&muf&adS eaMumif; oGm;a&muf ar; jref;ol rdom;pkwt Ykd m; ajymqdk a[majymaeMuygonf/ wynfh awmfov d o kd nfrmS xdv k rl sm;onf trSew f u,f odí a[majym Edik jf cif; [kw?f r[kw/f xdo k Ykd a[majymvdu k í f use&f pfol rdom;pk twGuf pdwcf sr;f omrIEiS hf pdwq f if;&Jr?I rnfonfu yd?k rydk od&dS vdyk gonf bk&m;.../ armifwnfNidrf? owif;pHk*sme,f/

'umBu;D OD;wnfNird &f UJ ar;cGe;f udk zwfvu kd &f w,fq&kd ifyJ jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siv f ufxufwek ;f u xif&mS ;ausmMf um;cJw h hJ wrvGef ynm&Sif ]0*Ðovkvif} udk csucf si;f owd&vdu k rf yd gw,f/ 0*Ðovkvif[m ]q0oDorEÅe}f vdYak c:wJh ]vlaoOD;acgif; rEÅe}f udk twwfynmwpfct k aeeJY uRr;f usiw f wfajrmufxm;ol jzpfygw,f/ tJ'D rEÅepf w k Nf yD; vlaoOD;acgif;cHu G kd olYvufonf;eJY acgufvu dk ½f eHk YJ OD;acgif;cHyG ikd &f iS [ f m b,fbkH b,fb0a&mufae w,fqw kd m twwfajymEdik yf gw,f/ vlawGuvnf; ]rSev f u kd w f m} qdNk y;D olwY&kd UJ aoqH;k oGm;wJh rdbaqGrsK;d rdwaf qGtaygif;toif;awG b,fbb kH ,fb0a&muf aew,fqw dk mudk 0*ÐovkvifxH tcaMu;aiGrsm;pGmay;NyD; oGm; a&mufar;jref;Muygw,f/ tJ'aD cwf&UJ aiGaMu;wefz;kd eJYawmifrS tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

&m*Pef;? axmif*Pef; ay;Mu&ygw,f/ ]rSev f u kd w f m} vdYk ajymEdik w f muawmh aoqH;k ol&UJ touf &Sipf Of vlYb0wke;f u taMumif;t&m? tjzpftysuaf wGuykd g wdwd usus jyefajymjyEdik v f Ykd jzpfygvdrrhf ,f/ vlYb0wke;f u taMumif; awG jyefrajymjyEdik b f eJ YJ 'Dval oNyD; 'Db0a&mufaew,fqw kd mudk b,fvkd vkyNf y;D ,HMk unfvYkd &Edik yf ghrvJ/ jyefajymjyEdik v f Yko d m ,Hk MunfMuwmaygh/ 0*Ðovkvifu aoqH;k ol&UJ vm;&m*wdukd ajymjyEdik f w,fqakd yr,fh olu, kd w f idk f trSew f u,f odvYkd ajymjyEdik w f m r[kwyf gbl;/ aoqH;k oGm;olu rEÅew f efc;kd aMumifh a&muf&mb0u ae olYO;D acgif;cGq H rD mS jyefy;l 0ifNy;D olb,fb0a&mufaeygw,fqkd wm vmajymjyvdYk wpfqifjh yefajymEdik w f myg/ olu, kd w f ikd f tvdt k avsmuf odwmr[kwb f J rEÅew f efc;kd aMumifh um,uH&iS f aoqH;k olu vmjyefajymjyvdYk odwmyg/ ud, k yf ikd t f od r[kwyf gbl;/ wpfqifch t H odyg/ ud, k pf rG ;f uk, d pf eJY odwm r[kwyf gbl;/ Mum;yGpJ m;tultnDeYJ odwmyg/ Mum;yGpJ m;tultnDeYJ odww hJ pfqifch t H odrYv kd Yv kd nf; jrwf pGmbk&m;eJY xdyw f u kd af wGUwJt h cg 0*Ðovkvif tBu;D tus,rf suf ESmysucf &hJ wmaygh/ acwfpum;eJYajym&&if jrwfpmG bk&m;eJYvnf; awGUa&m 0*Ðovkvif taotvJ uGaJ wmhwmygyJ/ jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu f OD;acgif;cHG ig;ckukd wef;pDcsxm;jyD; 68

t&Siq f E´ru d

0*Ðovkvifukd tpOftwdik ;f ar;ygw,f/ ]'gb,foYlO;D acgif;cHv G }J ]i&JusomG ;ol&UJ OD;acgif;cHyG g} ]aumif;NyD .... 'gua&m} ]wd&pämefjzpfomG ;ol&UJ OD;acgif;cHyG g} ]rSew f ,f ... 'Dbufua&m} ]'guawmh vljzpfaeol&UJ OD;acgif;cHyG g} ][kww f ,f ....'DO;D acgif;cHu G } ]ewfjynfa&mufomG ;ol&UJ OD;acgif;cHyG g} ]om"k .... om"k .... 'Daemufq;kH OD;acgif;cHu G a&m} ] .... .... .... } aemufq;kH OD;acgif;cHyG ikd &f iS &f UJ vm;&m*wduakd wmh 0*Ðo vkvif vH;k 0 rajymjyEdik af wmhygbl;/ rEÅew f zGzpG w k Nf y;D OD;acgif;cGu H kd vufonf;eJY wa'gufa'gufacgufayr,fh vufonf;awGom yJNh y;D vufxyd af wGom emoGm;w,f/ tajzrSeu f awmh xGuaf y:rvm ygbl;/ tajzrSef b,fay:xGuEf ikd yf gawmhrvJ? wrvGeo f l ç wr vGeo f m;qdw k hJ Mum;yGpJ m;tultnDrS r&awmhwmyJ/ tJ'OD ;D acgif; cHu G &[EÅmt&Sijf rwfBuD;wpfyg;&JU OD;acgif;cGyH g/ &[EÅmqdak wmh aoqH;k Ny;D &if b,fb0udrk S rvm;a&muf awmhygbl;/ b0Zmwford ;f csKyNf idr;f oGm;ygNyD/ ]ao} NyD;&if ]qH;k } tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

wJh aoqH;k oltppf[m &[EÅmyg/ &[EÅmuvG&J if b,forl S ]ao} Ny;D ]rqH;k } ao;ygbl;/ b0c&D;topf xyfquf&OD;rSmyg/ b0topf xyfrjzpfawmhwhJ &[EÅmu olY&UJ OD;acgif;cHrG mS b,fvv kd yk Nf y;D awmh jyefvmyl;0ifEikd yf gOD;rvJ/ 'Dawmh y&avmuom;tm;ud;k eJY q&m MuD;vkyaf ewJh 0*Ðovkvif uGNJ yDaygh/ yOörajrmuf OD;acgif;cG&H UJ vm;&m;*wdukd odEikd w f hJ rEÅef twwfrsK;d oifcsiyf gw,fvYkd awmif;qdv k mwJh 0*Ðovkvifukd jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu f &[ef;0wfrS oifay;Edik rf ,fvYkd rdeYfMum;awmf rlvu dk w f t hJ wGuf 0*Ðovkvifvnf; rEÅev f ckd sipf w d ef YJ &[ef;jyKvu kd f &ygw,f/ &[ef;jyKNyD; w&m;bm0emtvkyf tm;xkwv f u kd w f m rMumcif&uftenf;ti,ftwGi;f rSmyJ tbdnmOfajcmufyg;eJYwuG &[EÅmt&Sijf rwfBuD;wpfql jzpfomG ;cJyh gw,f/ tJ'aD wmhrS jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu f ]igh om;awmfBuD; 0*Ðo [m tckryS J owÅ0gawG&UJ pkw?d y#doaE¨ (aoqH;k jcif;? b0opf jzpfjcif;) eJY ywfoufNyD; wu,fu h kd uRr;f usiv f rd m® oGm;ayawmh w,f} vdYk cs;D usL;*kPjf yKpum; rdeYfMum;awmfryl gw,f/ bmvkYdvJ qdak wmh ol&wJt h bdnmOfajcmufyg;xJrmS owÅ0gawG&UJ pkw?d y#d oaE¨ukd odjrifEikd w f hJ ]'dApÁ u©KtbdnmOf} yg0ifaevdYkygyJ/ ]ewfrsupf }d vdYkac:wJh ]'dApÁ u©KtbdnmOf} udk ]pkwyl ygw ÓPf} vdYkvnf; ac:ygw,f/ (pkwd + Oyygw + ÓPf/) owÅ0g awG&UJ pkwd (aoqH;k jcif;) eJY Oyygw(b0topfjzpfjcif;? y#doaE¨ 70

t&Siq f E´ru d

aejcif;) wdYkukd &Si;f &Si;f vif;vif; yDyjD yifjyif odjrifEidk w f Ó hJ PfvYkd qdv k ykd gw,f/ pkawaeqJ tcdu k t f wefY? y#doaE¨paeaeqJ tcdu k f twefYav;awGtxd odjrifEikd pf rG ;f &Syd gw,f/ 'dApÁ u©KtbdnmOf r&wJh omrefy*k Kd¾ vaf wGuawmh y& avmuom;&JU tultnDukd ,lNyD; wpfqifch t H odeYJyJ odEikd Mf uyg w,f/ y&avmuom;&JU tultnD &zdYu k awmh 0*ÐovkvifwYv kd kd oufqikd &f m rEÅew f pfcck ?k oufqikd &f m twwfwpfcck k wwfajrmuf xm;zdYk vdyk gw,f/ tckacwf tMum;tjrifq&mawG? bd;k awmf? r,fawmf awG? ewf0ifonfawGu aoqH;k olawG&UJ vm;&m*wdukd a[majym aeMuwmuawmh 'dApÁ u©KtbdnmOfwefc;kd eJY ud, k w f ikd o f d ud, k w f ikd f jrifvYakd [majymaeMuwm r[kwyf gbl;/ wu,f'h Ad pÁ u©KtbdnmOf &xm;wJyh *k Kd¾vaf wGuvnf; tJ'v D kd vlocd ?H ydu k q f , H Nl y;D tvkyw f pf ckvyk f a[majymaeMurSmr[kwyf gbl;/ ud, k &f xm;wJh tbdnmOfukd odo k o kd yd o f yd f vQKUd 0Sux f m;MurSmyg/ avmurSm ud, k rf od? ud, k rf wwfwhJ twwfynmawGu vnf; trsm;Bu;D &Sw d mrdYk ud, k rf od? ud, k rf wwfwmeJYyJ ]rjzpfEikd b f ;l ? r[kwEf ikd b f ;l } vdYk taMumuftuefjiif;vdYk rjzpfEikd yf gbl;/ twwf ynmwpfcck t k m;ud;k eJY aoqH;k ol&UJ vm;&m*wdukd rSerf eS u f efuef a[majymEdik w f hJ ]trSet f uefynmonf} awG &SEd ikd yf gw,f/ &Srd mS yg/ ]tppfwpfc?k twkwpfoed ;f } qdw k t hJ wdik ;f ud, k w f u,f tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

rodbeJ YJ odoa,mif &rf;NzD;? &rf;&T;D wJh zd;k &rf;wkw?f r&rf;wkwf ]tBuHtzefynmonf} awGvnf; trsm;BuD;&SEd ikd yf gw,f/ &Sad eyg w,f/ tppftwk cGw J wfzYkdawmh ta&;BuD;ygw,f/ ]csi, hf }kH vdYkyJ ajymyg&apawmh/ aoqH;k ol&UJ vm;&m*wdukd od&jcif;aMumifh use&f pfoal wG rSm pdwcf sr;f omoGm;rvm;? pdwq f if;&JomG ;rvm;qdw k muawmh use&f pfoal wG&UJ pdw"f mwfcikd rf mrI? pdw"f mwfaysmn h rhH t I ay:rSmyJ rlwnfygw,f/ pdw"f mwfcidk rf mwJo h al wGuawmh aoqH;k ol&UJ vm;&m*wd udk odo?d rodo?d wkev f yI rf I &Srd mS r[kwyf gbl;/ pdw"f mwfaysmn h w hH hJ olawGuawmh aoqH;k ol&UJ vm;&m*wdukd odvnf; wkev f yI rf mS ygyJ? rodvnf; wkev f yI rf mS ygyJ/ pdwq f if;&Jjcif;qdw k mu pdw"f mwfaysmn h w hH o hJ al wG uef x½ku d q f x GJ m;wJh cyfnn hH yhH pön;f wpfcyk g/ pdwcf sr;f omjcif;uawmh pdw"f mwfcikd rf molawG&UJ rlyikd f &wemxkyBf uD; wpfcjk zpfygw,f/ aoqH;k ol&UJ vm;&m*wduo kd &d jcif;aMumifh tusK;d uawmh r,kwyf gbl;/ i&J? wd&pämef? vl? ewfjzpfomG ;&if ud, k b f mrS rvkyf ay;Edik af yr,fh NydwmÅ b0 a&mufae&ifawmh olYtwGuf &nfp;l NyD; ukov kd af umif;rIawGvyk ?f trQay;a0Edik yf gw,f/ ud, k u hf o k v dk t f rQ udk ol om"kac:&if Nyw d mÅ bkb H 0u uRwv f w G Nf y;D aumif;&mok*wd udk vm;a&mufomG ;Ekid yf gw,f/ 72

t&Siq f E´ru d

uHw&m; avoifv h Ykd b0wpfcrk mS acwÅcP aygif;qHck iG hf &Muw,f/ uHw&m; avyifv h Ykd wpfa,mufeYJwpfa,muf a0;vGihf cGcJ mG Mu&w,f/ jrpfxaJ rsmaewJh aA'gyifawGvykd J uHBuKH &if jyefqkH Mur,f/ uHao;&if jyefa0;Mur,f/ uH&nfrwlbJ jyefMunfjzLcsif vdYk r&ovdk uHraumif;bJ jyefaygif;csiaf evdYv k nf; tvum;ygyJ/ ud, k u hf eH YJ ud, k cf &D;ESi?f olYueH YJ olc&D;ESi/f 'gyJaygh? 'gygyJ/ bmpdwq f if;&Jp&m vdv k Yv kd /J ] wGcJ iG }hf BuKH wke;f ud, k w hf m0ef ud, k af us? olYwm0ef olaus? NyD;NyDaygh/ ]cGcJ iG }hf BuHKcgrSawmh vGr;f raeeJYawmh? tydyk gyJ/ odjcif;eJY rodjcif;rSm odjcif;aMumifh tusK;d qkw, f w k o f mG ; Edik pf &m taMumif;r&Syd gbl;/ aumif;usK;d qd;k usK;d [m ud, k o f w d hJ todtay:rSm ud, k b hf ufu b,fvw kd jYHk yefovJqw kd hJ tcsut f ay: rSmyJ rlwnfygw,f ...vdYk/ tyÜrma'e orÜma'x/ «tifwmAsL;*sme,f? ar? 16? 2001»

tñTe;f / / aw aw Zae tm0ga[wGm twÅaem twÅaem *wð uxmaywd/ (ax&*gxmt|uxm? 'kw, d wG?J 508/) tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

aomurSeo f rQcspjf cif;aMumifjh zpf&wmyg/ csppf &mwpfc&k &dS ifaomuwpfc&k rdS ,f/ csppf &mq,fc&k &dS if aomuq,fc&k rdS ,f/ csppf &mtrsm;Bu;D &S&d ifawmh aomutrsm;Bu;D &Srd ,faygh/ aomuNird ;f csi&f ifcsppf &mawGukd avQmyh pfEikd &f r,fav/ csp&f r,hv f ?l csp&f r,ht f &menf;yg;oGm;av aomurD;vnf;csKyNf ird ;f oGm;avygyJ/

t&Sifbk&m; . . . em;eJrY em z0g;eJY emawmfryl gbk&m;? wynfah wmfr[m opömrJhwJh vifa,musfm;aMumifh tBuD;tus,f pdwfaomu a&mufae&ygw,fb&k m;? pdwcf sr;f omatmif w&m;"r®eYJ b,fvkd ESv;kH oGi;f Ny;D b,fvkd ajzodr&hf r,fqw kd m oem;u½kPm a&SUxm; Ny;D rdeMYf um;ay;awmfryl gbk&m;/ rrdk;oufvIdif? &efuif;NrdKUe,f/

rrd;k oufvidI af & .... rrd;k oufvidI &f UJ ar;cGe;f udk zwfvu kd &f w,fq&dk ifyJ tckw avm emrnfBu;D aewJh Edik if aH usmrf if;orD;wpfO;D &JU tdraf xmifvrf;cGJ owif;udk csucf si;f owd&vdu k rf yd gw,f/ ]wpfO;D wpfa,muf&UJ tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

tcspu f kd &,lzYkd rBudK;pm;awmhbJ y&dowf&UJ tcspu f kd xm0& &,lEikd zf Ykyd J BudK;pm;oGm;ygawmhr,f} vdYkvnf; tifwmAsL;wpfcrk mS olru &ifziG x hf m;ao;w,fav/ [kwyf gw,f/ wpfO;D wpfa,muf&UJ tcspq f w kd mu wPSm "mwfawG vTr;f NcHKaeNyD; y&dowf&UJ tcspu f awmh arwÅm"mwfawG rTr;f xHak eygw,f/ wPSmcspu f kd awmifw h &if awmifw h aecsed rf mS vnf; wPSmpdwef YJ ylavmif&ovdk &&Sv d mcsed rf mS vnf; oHa,mZOf rD;awGeYJ uRr;f NrdKu&f ygw,f/ arwÅmcspu f kd arQmv f if&h ifawmh arQmf vifah ecsed rf mS vnf; arwÅmpdwef YJ at;jr&ovdk &&Sv d mcsed rf mS vnf; arwÅma&mifjyefawGeYJ csr;f ajrh&ygw,f/ (wPSmcspef YJawmh pdwf ESv;kH tylavmif rcHcsiyf geYaJ wmh a&Trif;orD;a& ..../) Ak'b ¨ mom0ifawG&UJ tajccHtusq;kH ,HMk unfcsuu f awmh uHeYJu&H UJ tusK;d w&m;ygyJ/ ]aumif;wmvkycf &hJ if aumif;usK;d &r,f? raumif;wm vkycf hJ &if raumif;usK;d &r,f? tcsKad phpu kd cf &hJ if tcsKyd ifaygufNy;D tcsKo d ;D pm;&r,f? tcg;aphpu kd cf &hJ if tcg;yif aygufNy;D tcg;oD;pm;&r,f? ud, k pf u kd w f rhJ sK;d apheYJ xdu k w f efwt hJ yif aygufNyD; tJ't D yifeYJ vdu k f zufwhJ toD;udyk J ud, k pf m;&r,f? ud, k v f yk cf w hJ hJ tvkyef YJ oufqikd w f hJ tusK;d w&m;udk ud, k yf J cHpm;&r,f? tvkyq f w kd m uH? uHqw kd m tvky?f ud, k u hf u H ud, k b hf 0udk pDrw H ,f? ud, k b hf 0&JU zefqif;&Sif [m ud, k v f yk cf w hJ hJ uHw&m;} 76

t&Siq f E´ru d

tJ'v D kd em;vnf vufcH ,HMk unfxm;Muygw,f/ tcspaf &;? tdraf xmifa&;rSm tusK;d ay; raumif;wm[m tcspaf &;? tdraf xmifa&;eJY ywfoufwhJ raumif;uHawG twdwu f jyKvyk cf zhJ ;l vdYkyg/ olwpfyg;&JU cspjf cif;udk cJcG w hJ o hJ ?l olwpfyg;tdrf axmifukd NydKuaJG pcJw h o hJ [ l m tcspaf &;? tdraf xmifa&;rSm b,fvkd enf;eJYrS tusK;d ay;raumif;Edik yf gbl;/ orD;&nf;pm;csp?f vifr,m;cspaf wGukd NzdKcrJG S tcspu f rH aumif;wm r[kwyf gbl;/ arwÅmcsp?f oHa,mZOfcspef YJ cspMf uol rnfou l rkd qdk wuGw J jym;pD a0;vGio hf mG ;atmif vky&f if jzpfav&m b0wdik ;f ud, k cf spw f o hJ al wGeYJ ]qHEk ikd cf iG }hf arS;rdeS af ysmufu, G Nf y;D ]vGr;f qGwcf iG }hf ]wrf;wcGi}hf awGom &Sio f efBuD;xGm;vmEdik yf gw,f/ atmufxpfq;kH iSuu f av;? ig;uav;awG? aMumif uav;? acG;uav;awGukd olwYkrd o d m;pk? olwYkt d odu k t f NrHKuae cGcJ mG Ekw, f Nl y;D arG;jrLodr;f ydu k x f m;cJ&h ifawmif tJ't D ukov kd u f u H oltusK;d ay;wJb h 0rSm um,uH&iS u f kd tcspu f aH col? tvGr;f uHa0 oljzpfatmif pGr;f aqmifzefw;D Edik yf gw,f/ tcspaf &;? tdraf xmifa&;udk t½kyq f ;kd tusn;f wefapwJh aMumufp&mtaumif;qH;k uHuawmh ]umarokrpd mä pm&uH} ygyJ/ ]umr*kPu f pd rö mS rSm;rSm;,Gi;f ,Gi;f jyKusiw hf u hJ }H vdYk t"dymÜ ,f&yg w,f/ ud, k &hf UJ umrydik f r[kwo f al wGeYJ umrudpö azmufjyef&if ]umarokrpd mä pm&uH} xdu k yf gw,f/ olwpfyg; om;r,m;eJY azmuf tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

jyef&ifawmh ]y&'g&uH} xdu k w f ,fvYkdvnf; ac:ygw,f/ twdwb f 0awGu umrudpö azmufjyefcw hJ o hJ [ l m umr udpw ö pfpw d w f pfyikd ;f yg0ifwhJ tcspaf &;? tdraf xmifa&;awGrmS uHq;kd wwfygw,f/ ud, k &hf UJ tdraf xmifzufu ud, k t hf ay: opömuif;rJh wm[m ud, k &hf UJ twdwu f ]opömrJu h }H u ud, k u hf kd tusK;d ay;wm ygyJ/ ud, k &hf UJ ESv;kH vrf;aMumif;rSm cHaewJu h Re;f [m ud, k u f , kd f wdik f zGUJ pnf;wnfaqmufxm;cJw h u hJ Re;f yg/ b,forl jyK rdrrd aI yghaemf/ ]ESv;kH vrf;aMumif;rSm uRe;f cHaew,f} vdYk [pfatmfa<u;aMumfaewm [m ]twdwb f 0awGu tcspaf &;? tdraf xmifa&;awGrmS opöm,Gi;f ysucf yhJ gw,f? ud, k u f siafh zmufjyefcyhJ gw,f} vdYk xkwaf zmf0efcaH e wmygyJ/ uHw&m;&JU obm0udk taMumif;tusK;d qufpyfNyD; pOf; pm;qifjcifEikd rf ,fq&kd ifawmh ud, k chf ifyeG ;f &JU opömrJrh t I ay: rrd;k oufvidI t f aeeJY twdik ;f twmwpfct k xd cGiv hf w T af jzodrEhf ikd rf ,f xifyg&JU/ 'gayrJh cGiv hf w T af jzodrahf e½keH YJ rNyD;ao;bl; rrk;d oufviId f a& ..../ ud, k Bf uHKawGUae&wJh tqd;k avmu"Hxu J ae tESpo f m& wpfcck ak wmh xkw, f El ikd af tmif BuKd ;pm;&ygOD;r,f/ t½I;H xJu t jrwfxu G af tmif vky&f ygOD;r,f/ jrwfpmG bk&m;&Sif vufxufwek ;f u om0w¬Nd rdKUrSm odyf 78

t&Siq f E´ru d

acsmodyv f w S hJ trsK;d orD;wpfO;D &Scd zhJ ;l ygw,f/ twdwu f H taMumif; w&m;aMumifh olr&JUcifyeG ;f onfu olrudk vH;k 0rcspyf gbl;/ wjcm; trsK;d orD;wpfa,mufeYJ rsuEf mS ajymifwu kd Nf yD; vlraI &;azmufjyef aeygw,f/ ud, k u hf kd rcspv f Yk?d ud, k t hf ay: opömrJv h Ykq d Nkd y;D olru pdwf vnf; rnpfygbl;/ pdwv f nf;rqd;k ygbl;/ ]vifu rcspaf wmh vifeYJ tcsed jf zKe;f p&mrvkad wmhb;l aygh} vdYk ESv;kH oGi;f Ny;D tcsed &f o dS rQ 'ge? oDv? bm0em ukov kd af umif;rIawGuykd J pdwt f m;xnfh jyKvyk af e vdu k yf gw,f/ txl;ojzifh t&Sio f m&dyw k &Å meJY t&Sirf [marm*¾vm’ ef t*¾om0urax&fBu;D ESpyf g;udk tdrrf mS aeYpOfqrG ;f yifv h LS Ny;D w&m; em,lygw,f/ w&m;emvdu k ?f w&m;tm;xkwv f u kd ef YJ BuKd ;pm;vdu k f wm odyrf MumcifrmS yJ aomwmyef t&d,mrav; jzpfomG ;cJyh g w,f/ ]vifu raygif;csirf aS wmh tdrrf mS aevnf; tydyk }J qdNk yD; &[ef;jyKvu kd w f m odyrf MumcifrmS yJ &[EÅmt&Sirf av; jzpfomG ; jyefygw,f/ wu,fvYko d m olr&JUcifyeG ;f u olrudk odycf sp?f odyMf uif emaer,fq&kd if tckvkd w&m;t&om cHpm;cGi&hf rSmr[kwyf gbl;/ a,musmf ;t&omeJY edAmÁ eft&om b,fvrkd S EdiI ;f ,SOv f Ykrd &atmif uGmjcm;vGe;f vSygw,f/ edAmÁ eft&omudk tqift h jrifq h ;kH cHpm;cGihf &aerSawmh a,musmf ;t&omqH;k ½I;H cJw h mudk ESajrmwrf;waep&m tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

vkyd gOD;rvm;/ wu,fqkd ud, k t hf ay: rMuifemwJh cifyeG ;f onfukd aus;Zl;wifp&mawmif aumif;ygao;w,f/ olwYkEd pS af ,mufyJ b0wpfcrk mS jA[®'wfrif;om;eJY tod wmblrif;orD;qdNk y;D awmf0ifZeD;armifEjHS zpfczhJ ;l ygw,f/ zcifb&k if BuD;u tmPmvkrmS pd;k &drNf yD; wdik ;f jynfu ESix f w k v f u kd v f Ykd olwYkd ESpOf ;D bk&m;tavmif;awmf&aoh oDwif;oH;k &m [dr0EÅmawmxJrmS aexdik cf MhJ u&ygw,f/ wpfaeYawmh odyaf csmodyv f w S hJ udE&é rD av;wpfO;D udk opf cufweJ ef;teD;rSm rarQmv f ifb h J jrifawGUvdu k &f ygw,f/ udE&é rD av;udk jrifjrifcsi;f csprf o d mG ;wJh rif;om;[m ]rdz&k m;ajr§mufr,f} qdw k hJ tBuHtpnfeYJ udE&é rD av;aemuf waumufaumuf ajy; vdu k yf gawmhw,f/ rif;om;&JUopömazmufru I kd jrif&wJh rif;orD;vnf; rif; om;tay: oHa,mZOfjywfNyD; bk&m;avmif;&aohxrH mS ur®|mef; oif,t l m;xkwv f u kd w f t hJ wGuf wpfcPcsi;f twGi;f rSmyJ psmeftbd nmOfawG &&So d mG ;ygw,f/ awmuRr;f wJh udE&é rD av;eJY ajc&mjywfNy;D vufavQmjh yef vmwJh rif;om;udk aumif;uifay:uae EIwq f ufpum;ajymMum; jyD; a0;&mudk ajy;cGmxGuo f mG ;ygawmhw,f/ rif;orD;&JU EIwq f uf pum;u .... ]wpfcsed u f ]armif} vdYk tjrwfwEd;k ac:cJ&h wJh rif;om;a&? 80

t&Siq f E´ru d

&Si&hf UJ opömrJrh aI Mumifh uRerf psmefcsr;f om &cJyh gNyD? wu,fawmh uRerf &JU psmefcsr;f om[m &Siaf y;wJch sr;f omyg? 'Dt h wGuf &Siu hf kd uRerf aus;Zl;trsm;BuD;wifygw,f} ]'gayr,fh wpfcsed u f &Sit hf ay:xm;&Scd w hJ hJ uRerf &JU tcspf awG? uRerf &JUoHa,mZOfawGuawmh uRerf &JU ESv;kH om;uae jyKwf usomG ;cJyh gNyD? uRerf &ifxrJ mS &Sirf &Sad wmhygbl;/ vTeYJtjzwfc&H wJh qifp, G f jyefrqufEikd af wmhovdk &Sief Yu J Rerf Mum;rSm&Sw d hJ aESmifBuKd ; awGuv kd nf; jyefqufvYkd r&Edik af wmhygbl;/ wpfppD usK;d yJah <urGchJ ygNyD/ bmyJjzpfjzpf &Siu hf kd uRerf aemufq;kH EIwq f ufcyhJ gw,f} todwmblrif;orD;&JU EIwq f ufpum;udk Munf&h if olr&JU &ifxrJ mS aomuql;ajimifh ruse&f pfcb hJ ;l ? olr&JU pdwt f pOf[m ylavmifjcif;r&S?d yuwdat;csr;f aew,fqw kd m xif&mS ;ygw,f/ omoemyumvrdYkom psmefcsr;f omeJYyJ Nidr;f at;rI&,lc&hJ wmyg/ 'Davmufq&kd if rrd;k oufvidI f taeeJY bmvkyo f ifw h ,f qkw d m odavmufygNyaD emf/ 0w¬KawG? ½ky&f iS af wGxu J vkd ]aemufq;kH xGuo f uftxd ½l;oGypf mG cspaf erSmygarmif} vdYv k nf; pdwu f ;l r,Of ygeJY? oDcsi;f awGxu J vdk ]&ufpufwwfwrhJ if;&JUtem;rSm &ufpufrI awGc, H cl siw f ,f} vdYkvnf; wrf;wraeygeJY/ vufawGUb0rSm pdwcf sr;f omzdYkeYJ jzpfEidk &f if b0vGwaf jrmufrI &zdYktwGuo f mt wwfEikd q f ;kH BudK;pm;yg/ a&S;olawmfaumif;awGx;kH ESv;kH rlNyD; w&m;eJY arGUaysmyf g/ tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

w&m;rsm;rsm;em? w&m;pmtkyrf sm;rsm;zwf? ukov kd af umif;rIrsm; rsm;jyK? w&m;rsm;rsm;tm;xkwaf ygh/ ESmoD;0 avxd&mt&yf owd uyfjyD; av0if&if ]0ifw,f}? avxGu&f if ]xGuw f ,f} vdYk ½Irw S f &wJt h vkyu f awmh oD;jcm;xdik &f if;eJYa&m? oGm;&if;vm&if;a&m vkyf vdYk vG,u f yl gw,f/ pGpJ NJGrNJ rv J yk Mf unf&h if pdwaf wGtxl;at;csr;f vm rSmyg/ aomurSeo f rQ cspjf cif;aMumifh jzpf&wmyg? csppf &mwpf ck&&dS if aomuwpfc&k rdS ,f? csppf &m q,fc&k &dS if aomu q,fc&k dS r,f? csppf &m trsm;BuD;&S&d ifawmh aomu trsm;BuD;&Srd ,faygh/ aomuNird ;f csi&f if csppf &mawGukd avQmyh pfEikd &f r,fav/ csp&f r,fh ol? csp&f r,ft h &m enf;yg;oGm;av? aomurD;vnf; csKyNf ird ;f oGm; avygyJ/ csp&f ol&UJ pdr;f um;&ufpufr?I jrwfE;kd &ol&UJ opömuif;rJh rI[m pdwx f m;wwfot l wGuaf wmh wefz;kd rjzwfEikd w f hJ b0vGwf ajrmufrI qkvmbfBuD;ygyJ/ toH;k cswwfol wpfa,muftwGuf tcspu f aH cwm[m tESpu f seaf pzdYkygyJ .... vdYk ..../ tyÜrma'e orÜma'x/ «tifwmAsL;*sme,f? ZGef? 27? 2001» g

t&Siq f E´ru d

■

pdwfqif;&Jjcif;qdkwmu pdwf"mwfaysmUnHUwJUolawG uefx½dkufqGJxm;wJU cyfnHUnHUypönf;wpfckyg/ pdwfcsrf;omjcif;uawmU pdwf"mwfcdkifrmolawG&JY rlydkif&wemxkyfBuD; wpfckjzpfygw,f/

■

tcspfa&;?tdrfaxmifa&;rSm tusKd;ay;raumif;wm[m tcspfa&;?tdrfaxmifa&;eJh ywfoufwJUraumif;uHawG twdwfujyKvkyfcJUzl;vdkhyg/ olwpfyg;&JYcspfjcif;udkcJGcJUwJUol olwpfyg;tdrfaxmifudk NydKuGJapcJUwJUol[m tcspfa&;?tdrfaxmifa&;rSm b,fvdkenf;eJhrS tusKd;ay;raumif;Edkifygbl;/

■

ESvHk;vrf;aMumif;rSmuRef;cHaew,fvdkh [pfatmfa<u;aMumfaewm[m twdwfb0awGutcspfa&; tdrfaxmifa&;awGrSm opöm,Gif;ysufcJUygw,f udk,fusifUazmufjyefcJUygw,fvdkh xkwfazmf0efcHaewmygyJ/ tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

t&Sifbk&m; . . . aemufq;kH yGiahf wmfrcl ahJ om a*gwrAk'¨ jrwfpmG bk&m;\ bJUG trnfreS u f kd odvydk gonfb&k m;/ tcsKUd u Ak'?¨ tcsKd Uu a*gwr? tcsKUd u ousrek ?d trsK;d rsK;d ac:aeMuygonfb&k m;/ armifausmfukdudk0if;? &efuif;NrdKUe,f/

'umausmu f akd & .... 'umausmu f &kd UJ ar;cGe;f udk zwfvu kd &f w,fq&kd ifyJ jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si&f UJ bJUG trnfwpfcek YyJ wfoufNy;D [kwaf vmufw,f? [kwf avmufw,fvYkd acgif;wndwn f w d ef YJ rSwcf sucf sczhJ ;l wJh ]Oyuwuú wGe;f } BuD;udk csucf si;f owd&vdu k rf yd gw,f/ OyuwuúweG ;f BuD;[m jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu f kd r[maAm"d yifeYJ Ak'*¨ ,mtMum; vrf;c&D;wpfae&mrSm zl;awGUcGi&hf cJw h myg/ oluvnf; c&D;wpfct k oGm;? jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu f vnf; w&m;OD; "r®pMum a[mzdYk rd*'g0keaf wmudk t<u? vrf;c&D;rSm c&D;&ifqikd f qHak wGUMuwmyg/ jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si&f UJ MunfvifoefY&iS ;f wJh toa&awmfukd zl;jrif&wJh OyuwuúweG ;f BuD;[m vlcsi;f rodayr,fh oabmus ESpo f ufveG ;f vdYk jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si&f UJ teD;tyg; csO;f uyfNy;D ar;cGe;f awG w&pyf ar;ygawmhw,f/ ]igh&iS f ....? oif&h UJ rsupf ?d em;? ESm? vQm? ud, k ?f pdwq f w kd hJ £ajE´ajcmufyg;[m MunfvifveG ;f vSygw,f/ oif&h UJ ud, k t f a& tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

tqif;[mvnf; txl;oefY&iS ;f pifMu,fNy;D NyKd ;NyKd ;jyufjyuf ta&mif xGuv f Ykdaeygw,f/ igh&iS f ....? oif[m b,fq&mudk &nfreS ;f NyD; awmh &[ef;jyKcw hJ mygvJ? oifq h &mu b,fov l ?J b,foYlw&m; udk oifEpS o f ufygovJ} OyuwuúweG ;f Bu;D &JU ar;cGe;f awGukd jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu f *gxmav;yk'ef YJ tckvkd ajzMum;awmfrv l u kd yf gw,f/ ]Oyu ....? ig[m w&m;tm;vH;k udk vTr;f rd;k Edik w f o hJ ?l w&m; tm;vH;k udk tuket f pif t<uif;rJh odjrifwo hJ ?l w&m;tm;vH;k tay: rSm udavomvdr;f usu H yfNijd cif; tvsO;f r&Sw d o hJ ?l w&m;tm;vH;k udk y,f&mS ;pGeYyf pfNy;D wJo h ?l wPSmuke&f medAmÁ efrmS vGwv f w G u f Rwu f Rwf ouf0ifwnfaeoljzpfygw,f/ w&m;tm;vH;k udk q&mr&S?d rdru d , kd f ydik Ó f PfeYJ xd;k xGi;f odjrifcw hJ mjzpfvYkd ighrmS q&m&,fvYkd ñTejf y&r,fh ol b,forl sm; &SOd ;D rSmvJ} ]Oyu ....? ighrmS q&mqdw k m r&Syd gbl;? ighxuf jrwfwhJ q&mqdw k m tomxm;? igeJY wef;wlwo hJ al wmif r&Syd gbl;? ewfeYJ wuGaom owÅavmuBuD;wpfcv k ;kH rSm igeJY EIid ;f ,SOpf &myk*Kd¾ vf wpfO;D wpfa,mufrS r&Syd gbl;} ]Oyu ....? ig[m avmurSm ylaZmftxl;udk cHxu kd w f o hJ ?l twkr&Sd qH;k roGeo f ifEikd pf rG ;f &Sw d q hJ &m? w&m;tm;vH;k udk trSet f wdik ;f ud, k yf ikd Ó f PfeYJ odjrifEikd w f hJ wpfO;D wnf;aom yk*Kd¾v?f udav omrD; Nidr;f at;NyD;wJo h l jzpfygw,f} 86

t&Siq f E´ru d

]Oyu ....? ig tck "r®pMumw&m; a[mzdYk umodwikd ;f ? Am&mPoDjynfu rd*g'g0keaf wmudk oGm;rvdYyk g/ ynmrsupf rd &Sw d hJ twGuf tuef;vdjk zpfaewJh ewfvo l wÅ0gawGtv,frmS w&m; a'oemwnf;[laom tNrKd upf nfBu;D ½du k w f ;D aqmf&rG ;f vdu k Of ;D r,f} jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si&f UJ ajzMum;csuaf wGukd tm;&auseyfveG ;f vdYk OyuwuúweG ;f BuD;u .... ]igh&iS f ...? tck oifajymwJt h wkid ;f qd&k if oif[m ]teEÅZed } bJUG trnf&wJh yk*Kd¾ vx f ;l yk*Kd¾ vjf rwfwpfO;D jzpfrmS ayghaemf} tJ't D cg jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu f .... ][kwyf gw,f .... Oyu? ig[m ]Zde} bGUJ trnf&wJh yk*Kd¾vf wpfO;D jzpfygw,f/ igeJY oabmobm0csi;f wlwhJ bk&m;&Sit f m;vH;k [m t&[wÅr*fÓPf&wmeJYwpfNyKd ief uf ,kwn f w hH u hJ ad vomeJY tukov kd w f &m;awGukd t<uif;rJah tmifjrifc?hJ tEdik , f El ikd cf w hJ mrdYk ]Zde} qdw k hJ bJUG trnf&Muygw,f/ igvnf; tJ'b D &k m;&Siaf wGvykd J t&[wÅr*fÓPfeYJ udavomw&m;? tukov kd w f &m; t,kwf tnHah wGukd t<uif;rJh atmifjrifc?hJ tEdik , f El ikd cf w hJ mrdYk ]Zde} qdw k hJ bJUG trnf&ydS gw,f} tJ't D cg Oyu wuúweG ;f Bu;D u ]igh&iS f ....? oifajymwm [kwaf vmufw,f? oifajymwm [kwaf vmufw,f} vdYk a&&Gwf &if; acgif;wndwn f w d ef YJ vrf;z,fa&SmifvNJT y;D olomG ;vd&k mc&D;udk qufvufxu G cf mG oGm;ygawmhw,f/ tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

Oyu wuúweG ;f BuD;u jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si&f UJ bJUG trnfukd ]teEÅZed } vdYk owfrw S cf yhJ gw,f/ jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu f vnf; t aMumif;jycsuef Yw J uG twnfjyKay;cJyh gw,f/ aemifwpfcsed f jrwfpmG bk&m;&Six f aH rSmuf uRww f rf;0ifzYkd a&mufvmawmhvnf; Oyu wuúweG ;f BuD;u jrifjriforQ &[ef;&Siv f al wGukd ]teEÅZed b,f t&yfrmS aeovJ} ]teEÅZed b,frmS vJ} vdYkyJ ar;jref;cJyh gw,f/ wu,fawmh ]teEÅZed }qdw k b hJ UJG trnf[m *kPyf 'k u f kd tpGJ jyKNy;D ac:a0:wJb h UJG trnfyg/ ]teEÅ}qdw k m ]tqH;k r&So d jd rifo}l ? ]Zde} qdw k m ]&efrm&ftm;vH;k udk atmifEidk o f }l ? *kPyf 'k Ef pS cf u k kd aygif;vdu k f awmh ]teEÅZed } qdw k hJ bJUG trnf jzpfvmwmygyJ/ jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si&f UJ *kPyf 'k rf eS o f rQ ( t&nftcsi;f rSeo f rQ) bJUG trnf jzpfciG &hf ydS gw,f/ *kPyf 'k af wGu ra&rwGuEf ikd af tmif rsm;vGe;f awmh jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si&f UJ bGUJ trnfawGuvnf; ra&r wGuEf ikd af tmif rsm;aeawmhwmaygh/ OyuwuúweG ;f BuD;udk rdeYf Mum;awmfrw l phJ um;&yfawGxrJ mS udyk J ]*kPyf 'k t f aMumif;jyK bJUG trnf} awG trsm;BuD;ygygw,f/ jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si&f UJ trnfukd (1)vlYb0trnf? (2)bk&m; trnf? (3)*kPyf 'k t f rnfvYkd oH;k rsK;d cGjJ cm;Edik yf gw,f/ vlYb0trnf uawmh ]od'w ¨ }¬ vdYkac:ygw,f/ ]tusK;d tm;vH;k jyD;pD;Edik o f }l vdYk t"dymÜ ,f&ygw,f/ (od'=¨ NyD;pD;? tw¬=tusK;d /) bk&m;trnfu awmh ]a*gwr} vdYk ac:ygw,f/ a*gwr rsK;d EG,u f qif;oufvm 88

t&Siq f E´ru d

olrYkd rsK;d EG,&f UJ trnfukd tpJjG yKNyD; ac:wmyg/ wcsKUd bk&m;&Siaf wGu vlYb0trnfeYJ bk&m;trnftwlwl ygyJ/ Oyrm vlYb0wke;f u 'DyuF&mrif;om;u bk&m;jzpfawmh 'DyuF&mbk&m;? vlYb0wke;f u r*Fvrif;om;u bk&m;jzpfawmh r*Fvbk&m;? vlYb0eJY bk&m;b0 trnfrajymif;bJ wpfrsK;d wnf; ac:a0:Muygw,f/ vlYb0wke;f u od'w ¨ r¦ if;om;vdYkac:ayr,fh bk&m;jzpfwhJ tcg od'w ¨ b ¦ &k m;vdYkrac:wmuawmh a*gwrjrwfpmG bk&m;&JU xl;jcm;csuw f pfcyk aJ ygh/ t&Sio f m&dyw k (Å t&yfo;kH t&Sio f m&dyw k &Å m) rax&fukd vlYb0trnf ]Oywdó}eJY rac:bJ ]om&dyw k }Å (om&D ykaPÖ;r&JUom;) vdYk ac:ovdyk gyJ/ t&Sirf [muóyrax&fvnf; vlYb0wke;f u ]ydyv Ü }d uae &[ef;jzpfvmawmh ]uóy} &,fvYkd jzpfvmcJw h ,fr[kwv f m;/ trsm;tm;jzifah wmh bk&m;&Siaf wG? &[ef;awmfawG&UJ vlY b0trnfeY?J bk&m;b0? &[ef;b0trnfawGu wlnMD uwmrsm; ygw,f/ wcsKUd wavavmufyJ uGv J MJG uwmyg/ tckacwfrmS awmh jrefrmtrnf? odYkr[kwf oufqidk &f m vlrsK;d trnfuae ygVdtrnf udk ajymif;vJrn S ahf c:MuwmrdYk vltrnfeYJ &[ef;trnf wjcm;pD jzpfaeMuygw,f/ tck OD;yOöi;f wdYk aexdik w f u hJ rÇm (b'´urÇm) rSm bk&m;ig; qlyiG w hf ,fqw dk m 'umausmu f kd Mum;zl;rSmyg/ tJ'b D &k m;ig;ql&UJ bGUJ tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

trnfukd ]uukoef? aumPm*kr?f uóy? a*gwr? t&darwÅ,s} vdYkyJ oH;k EIe;f Muwmudk Munfjh cif;tm;jzifh OD;yOöi;f wdYk jrwfpmG bk&m; &Si&f UJ bJUG trnf[m ]a*gwr} ygyJ 'umausmu f akd & ..../ 'gayrJh av;pm;xdu k w f hJ ud, k rhf b d ? ud, k q hf &morm;? ud, k hf aus;Zl;&Siaf wGukd rl&if;trnftwdik ;f ac:a0:oH;k pGjJ cif;rjyKwm[m vl,Ofaus;awG&UJ "avhx;kH pHjzpfvYkd jrwfpmG bk&m;taMumif;ajym&if b,foal wmfaumif;urS ]a*gwr} vdYk roH;k EIe;f Muygbl;/ bmom jcm; yk*Kd¾ vaf wG? t,ltusihf rwlwhJ omoemy wdwad¬ wGuom ]a*gwr}? ]&[ef;a*gwr} vdYk oH;k EIe;f Muwmyg/ Ak'b ¨ mom0ifawG? olawmfaumif; olawmfjrwfawGu awmh ud, k Mf unfnKd &m *kPaf wmfwpfcck ek YJ jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu f kd emrf pm;oH;k EIe;f Muygw,f/ toH;k trsm;qH;k uawmh ]Ak'}¨ ygyJ/ ]bk&m;} qdw k phJ um;vH;k udu k ]Ak'}¨ qdw k hJ pum;vH;k uae tqifq h ifh a&GUavsm vmcJw h myg/ ]Ak'}¨ qdw k m jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si&f UJ *kPyf 'k t f rnfygyJ/ ]opöm av;yg;udk ud, k w f ikd o f jd cif;? olwpfyg;udv k nf;odatmifa[mEdik f jcif;} qkw d hJ *kPyf 'k af Mumifh tvdt k avsmufyikd q f ikd v f mwJh bGUJ trnf yg/ bk&m;yGiahf wmfr&l jcif;&JU t"du&nf&, G cf suu f kd vd&k if;wd&k iS ;f rD;armif;xd;k jyEdik w f mrkYd ]Ak'}¨ qdw k hJ *kPyf 'k t f rnfeYJyJ bk&m;&Siw f ikd ;f udk &nfñeT ;f oH;k EIe;f Muygw,f/ ]Ak'}¨ qdw k hJ bJUG trnf[m OD;yOöi;f wdYk jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siw f pf 90

t&Siq f E´ru d

qlwnf;&JU bJUG trnfr[kwyf gbl;/ yGiNhf y;D ? yGiq hf ?J yGiv hf wåYH jrwfpmG bk&m;&Sit f m;vH;k &JU bGUJ trnfjzpfygw,f/ OD;yOöi;f wdYk jrwfpmG bk&m; &Sif wpfqw l nf;eJYom oufqikd w f hJ bGUJ trnfuawmh ]a*gwr} ygyJ/ 'umausmu f Ykd ar;cGe;f rSm ygwJh ]ousrek }d qdw k muawmh ]ous} qdw k m omuD0ifrif;rsK;d ? ]rke}d qdw k m opömav;yg;odo?l ESpcf ak ygif;vku d af wmh ousrek ?d 'gvnf; jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si&f UJ *kPyf 'k f trnfygyJ/ jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si&f UJ *kPyf 'k af wG (*kPaf wmfawG? t&nft csi;f awG) u toacst F eEÅ ra&rwGuEf ikd af tmif rsm;jym;vSwmrdYk *kPyf 'k t f rnfawGvnf; jrwfpmG bk&m;&Sirf mS toacst F eEÅ ra& rwGuEf ikd af tmif rsm;jym;vSygw,f/ *kPyf 'k t f rnfwikd ;f &JU aemuf uG,rf mS MunfnKd av;jrwfz, G ?f vdu k ef mwkusizhf , G f t"dymÜ ,f tESpf awGu euf½idI ;f pGm ude;f 0yfaewmrdYk ud, k phf w d "f mwfeYJ ud, k v hf yk &f yfukd toefYpifq;kH ? tjrifjh rwfq;kH wnfaqmufvo dk w l ikd ;f jrwfpmG bk&m; &Sief YJ *kPyf 'k af wGukd ESv;kH om;xJrmS tNrJwrf; azmfxw k q f ifjcif aeoifyh gw,fvYdk ..../ tyÜrma'e orÜma'x/ «tifwmAsL;*sme,f? Mo*kwf? 22? 2001» g

tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

y"med,*Fw&m;ig;yg;udk a,m*D&JYtm;ig;yg;vdkh ac:Edkifygw,f/ a,m*DrSef&if ,HkMunfrItm;? usef;rmrItm; ½dk;ajzmifUrItm;? &JY&ifUrItm;eJh odjrifrItm;qdkwJU tm;ig;yg;eJhjynfUpkH&ygr,f/ c

t&Sifbk&m; . . . y"med,*Fw&m;ig;yg;eJY jynfhpHk&if ntm;xkwf reuf w&m;&Edik w f ,f? reuftm;xkwf nw&m;&Ekid w f ,fvYkd q&mawmf wpfyg; a[mxm;wm zwfz;l ygw,fb&k m;? y"med,*Fw&m;ig;yg; udk rodí ajzMum;ay;awmfryl gbk&m;/ armifjrpfajc? &efukefNrdKU/

'umarmifjrpfajca& .... 'umjrpfajc&JUar;cGe;f udk zwfvu kd &f w,fq&kd ifyJ jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siv f ufxufwek ;f u xif&mS ;ausmMf um;cJw h hJ qifp;D cRe;f udik f ynm&Sif ]aAm"drif;om;}udk csucf si;f owd&vdu k rf yd gw,f/ aAm"drif;om;u olU&JU qGr;f auR;yJw G pfcrk mS oHCmtm;vH;k tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

qGr;f bkO;f ay;tNy;D jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu f kd ar;cGe;f wpfck ar;avQmufz;l ygw,f/ ]jrwfpmG bk&m; ....? jrwfpmG bk&m;vdk q&mrsK;d &JU tqH;k trudk &wJh &[ef;wpfyg;taeeJY b,favmufMumMum tm;xkw&f if t&[wåzv kd w f &m;xl;&Edik yf govJb&k m;? &[EÅmjzpfzYkd tcsed f b,f avmufMumygovJb&k m;} ]rif;om;a& ....? 'Dae&mrSm oifu h kd igbk&m; jyefar;yg&ap? oifEpS o f ufovdak jzaygh/ oifrif;om;u qifp;D cRe;f udik t f wwfrmS wpfzufurf;cwf uRr;f usiw f ,fr[kwv f m;} ]rSev f yS g? uRr;f usiyf gw,fb&k m;} ]'gqd&k if vlwpfa,muf qifp;D cRe;f ukid t f wwfoifcsiv f Ykd oifq h aD &mufvmw,fqykd gawmh? olu oift h ay:rSma&m twwf ynmtay:rSma&m ,HMk unfrrI &Sb d ;l ? tema&m*guvnf; rsm;vdu k f ao;w,f? r½k;d rom;eJY [efaqmifvn S yhf wfwwfvu kd w f muvnf; rajymygeJYawmh? 'DMum;xJ vHv k 0D&, d uvnf; r&Sw d t hJ jyif ÓPf uvnf; enf;ao;w,fav? uJ .... tJ'v D l oifq h rD mS qifp;D cRe;f udik f twwf wwfajrmufEikd yf ghrvm;} ]jrwfpmG bk&m; rdeYMf um;wJh t*Fgig;csux f u J wpfcsucf suf eJYNiad ew,fq&kd ifuykd J tJ'v D l qifp;D cRe;f udik t f wwf rwwfEikd af wmh ygbl;/ t*Fgig;csuv f ;kH eJYrsm; NidaevdYkuawmh b,frmS qdzk , G &f m&Sd ygawmhrvJb&k m;} 94

t&Siq f E´ru d

]vlwpfa,mufuawmh ,Hv k nf; ,HMk unfw,f? use;f vnf; use;f rmw,f? [efaqmifvn S yhf wfjcif;vnf; uif;w,f? vHv k 0D&, d vnf; Bu;D rm;wJt h jyif ÓPfvnf;xufjrufw,f? tJ'g qd&k ifa&m} ]tJ'gqd&k ifawmh t*Fgwpfcsucf suef YJjynfph &kH ifuykd J qifp;D cRe;f udik t f wwfrmS uRr;f usio f mG ;Edik yf gw,fb&k m;? t*Fgig;csuv f ;kH eJYom jynfph v kH Ykduawmh twdik ;f xuftvGeaf yghb&k m;} ]tJ'v D ykd gyJ rif;om; ....? &[ef;wpfyg;[m ,HMk unfrv I nf; &Srd ,f? use;f rma&;vnf; aumif;r,f? [efaqmifvn S yhf wfjcif; vnf; uif;r,f? vHv k 0D&, d vnf; BuD;r,f? ÓPfynmvnf; xufjrufr,fq&kd if igbk&m;&JU tqH;k trtwdik ;f usiv hf Ykd tMumqH;k ckepfEpS ?f tjrefq;kH wpf&uftwGi;f rSm t&[wåzv kd w f &m;xl; &Edik yf g w,f? &[EÅmjzpfEikd yf gw,f} ]wpf&ufqw kd m tomxm;vdu k yf gOD;? t*Fgig;csuef YJjynfh pHw k hJ &[ef;u igbk&m; qH;k rwJt h wdik ;f tm;xkwv f u kd rf ,fq&kd if ntm;xkwf reufw&m;&Ekid yf gw,f? reuftm;xkwf nw&m; &Edik yf gw,f} ur®|mef;w&m; yGm;rsm;tm;xkww f yhJ *k Kd¾ vaf wG&UJ oEÅmef rSmjynhpf &kH r,fh t*Fg&yfawGukd y"med,*Fw&m;vdYak c:ygw,f/ y"m ed, = ur®|mef;tm;xkwo f ?l t*F = t*Fg? y"med,*F = ur®|mef; tm;xkwo f \ l t*Fg/ tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

y"med,*Fw&m;ig;yg;udk ]a,m*D&UJ tm;ig;yg;} vdYk ac: Edik yf gw,f/ a,m*DreS &f if ,HMk unfrt I m;? use;f rmrItm;? ½d;k ajzmifh rItm;? &J&ifrh t I m;eJY odjrifrt I m;qdw k hJ tm;ig;yg;eJY jynfph &kH ygr,f/ ],HMk unfrt I m;} qdw k muawmh jrwfpmG bk&m;&Sief YJ jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si&f UJ w&m;awmftay:rSma&m? ud, k &hf UJ yg&rD"mwfct H ay: rSmyg tjynft h 0 ,HMk unfpw d cf sjcif;ygyJ/ ]jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si[ f m trSew f &m;udk ud, k w f ikd v f nf;odNy;D olwpfyg;udv k nf; odatmif a[mEdik w f ,f? jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si&f UJ w&m;awmf[m vdu k ef musio hf ;kH olukd trSew f u,f aumif;usK;d jyK Edik w f ,f? ighrmS w&m;awmfeYJ xdu k w f efwhJ yg&rD"mwfcH aumif; aumif;&Sw d ,f} vdYk pdwcf svufcs ,HMk unfwo hJ rl o S m ur®|mef;tm; xkwrf I xda&mufEikd yf gw,f/ ]use;f rmrItm;} qdw k muawmh tema&m*g BuD;BuD;us,f us,af &m? ao;ao;i,fi,fyg uif;&Si;f Ny;D ud, k cf pH rG ;f tm; awmifh wif;cdik rf maejcif;ygyJ/ 0rf;rD; rxufveG ;f ç rEkYv H eG ;f bJ tv,f tvwf jzpfae&ygr,f/ 0rf;rD;xufveG ;f &if cPcPqmNy;D 0rf;rD; EkYHveG ;f &if tpmraMuwJt h wGuf w&m;tm;xkw&f mrSm pdwt f aESmifh t,Sujf zpfwwfygw,f/ ]½k;d ajzmifrh t I m;} qdw k muawmh ur®|mef;w&m;tay:rSm a&m? ur®|mef;q&mtay:rSmyg [efaqmifvn S yfh wfrI uif;&Si;f jcif;ygyJ/ w&m;udk w&m;eJYwal tmif tm;rxkwb f J [efaqmifyef 96

t&Siq f E´ru d

aqmif vltxifBuD;atmif vkyaf er,f? ur®|mef;q&mudv k nf; trSet f wdik ;f w&m;ravQmufbJ r[kwrf [wf vkyZf mwfcif;NyD; avQmufr,fq&kd if tJ'aD ,m*D[m ]ÓPfpOf} eJYa0;NyD; ]nmpOf} eJYyJ nm;&ygvdrrhf ,f/ ]&J&ifrh t I m;} qdw k muawmh ur®|mef;tvkyf aESmifah ES;ysuf jym;oGm;apr,fh tysi;f "mwftm½krH eS o f rQukd &J&&J if&h ifh &ifqikd w f eG ;f vSeEf ikd jf cif;ygyJ/ ]0D&, d } udak jymwmyg/ b,ftajctaersK;d rSmr qdk ud, k v f yk &f r,ft h vkyu f kd aemufqw k &f yfwefYrypfbJ &J&&J if&h ifh BuKd ;yrf;tm;xkwEf ikd rf S ud, k v f &kd myef;wdik u f kd qdu k af &mufEikd yf gw,f/ ]odjrifrt I m;} qdw k muawmh ½kyw f &m;? emrfw&m;awG&UJ tNrrJ jywf jzpfysuaf jymif;vJaewJh oabmobm0awGukd wpfqifh Mum;tod? BuHpnfpw d u f ;l todeYJ r[kwb f J ud, k af wGUrsuaf rSmuf todeYJ ydik yf ikd Ef ikd Ef ikd f xd;k xGi;f odjrifEikd jf cif;ygyJ/ ud, k ½f rI w S v f u kd w f hJ tm½k&H UJ jzpfysuo f abmudk odjrifjcif;eJYtwl rdrEd v S ;kH om;rSm ude;f 0yf aewJh avmb? a'gopwJh udavomtpdik t f cJawGuv kd nf; azmuf cGzJ suq f ;D ypfEikd pf rG ;f &S&d ygr,f/ edAmÁ efta&mufyYakd y;Edik af vmufatmif odjrifrt I m;aumif;rS w&m;xl;w&m;jrwf &Edik yf gw,f/ tm;ig;yg;eJYjynfph w kH hJ a,m*Dy*k Kd¾v[ f m 0dyóemusiphf Ofukd jrwfpmG bk&m;ñTeMf um;wJh enf;vrf;twdik ;f wpfoa0rwdr;f vdu k ef m jyKusizhf Ykad wmh vkt d yfygw,f/ jrwfpmG bk&m;u 'Dv½dk yI gqdk ud, k u f [dv k ½kd rI ,f? jrwfpmG bk&m;u [dv k ½kd yI gqdk ud, k u f 'Dv½dk rI ,fq&kd if tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

awmh tm;ig;yg;eJY jynfph v kH nf; w&m;r&Edik yf gbl;/ a,m*Dtm; ig;yg;eJYvnf; jynfph rkH ,f? r[mowdy|mef a'oemawmfrmS ñTeMf um;xm;wJeh nf;vrf;twdik ;f vnf; wdwu d s usvu kd ef mr,fq&kd ifawmh r*fzv kd ef Ad mÁ ef[m ud, k &fh UJ vufwpfurf; rSmyJ &Sad erSmyg/ yg&rDtEkt&ifah y: rlwnfNyD; taES;eJYtjrefawmh uGmrSmaygh/ wu,fawmh 'Dtm;ig;yg;[m ur®|mef;w&m;yGm;rsm;tm; xkww f t hJ vkyrf mS om vdt k yfwmr[kwyf gbl;/ b0wd;k wufaMumif; aumif;jrwfwhJ b,ftvkyrf sK;d rSmrqdk r&Srd jzpf vdt k yfygw,f/ b,ftvkyyf v J yk v f yk ?f ,HMk unfr?S use;f rmrS? ½k;d ajzmifrh ?S &J&ifrh S (0D&, d &Srd )S ? odjrifrS (tajrmftjrifÓPf&rdS )S tJ't D vkyf atmifjrif wd;k wufEikd yf gw,f/ a,m*Dtm;ig;yg;eJY 0dyóemw&m; tm;xkw&f if owd? orm"d? ynmpwJh olawmfaumif;w&m; tm;awG xGuaf y:vmyg w,f/ xGuaf y:vmwJh olawmfaumif;w&m;tm;awG pHcsed rf D jynh0f oGm;wJh wpfaeY edAmÁ efcsr;f omudk rsuaf rSmufjyK&rSmygyJ/ ]tm;&Srd S tm;xkwyf g? tm;xkwrf S tm;xGuyf gw,f} vdYk ..../ tyÜrma'e orÜma'x «tifwmAsL;*sme,f? pufwifbm? 5? 2001» g

t&Siq f E´ru d

■

jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif&JY*kPfyk'ftrnfwdkif;&JY aemufuG,frSmMunfndKav;jrwfzG,f vdkufemwkusifUzG,ft"dyÜm,ftESpfawGu euf½Idif;pGmudef;0yfaewmrdkh udk,fUpdwf"mwfeJhudk,fUvkyf&yfudk toefhpifqHk;?tjrifUjrwfqHk; wnfaqmufvkdolwdkif; jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif&JY*kPfyk'fawGudk ESvHk;om;xJrSmtNrJwrf; azmfxkwfqifjcifaeoifUygw,f/

■

w&m;udkw&m;eJhwlatmif tm;rxkwfbJ[efaqmifyefaqmif vltxifMuD;atmifvkyfaer,f ur®|mef;q&mudkvnf;trSeftwdkif; w&m;ravQmufbJr[kwfr[wf vkyfZmwfcif;NyD;avQmufr,fqdk&if tJ'Da,m*D[mÚmPfpOfeJha0;NyD; nmpOfeJhyJnm;&ygvdrfUr,f/

■

tm;ig;yg;eJhjynfUpHkwJUa,m*Dyk*¾dKvf[m 0dyóemusifUpOfudkjrwfpGmbk&m; ñTefMum;wJUenf;vrf;twdkif; wpfoa0rwdrf;vdkufem jyKusifUzdkhawmUvdktyfygw,f/ jrwfpGmbk&m;u'Dvkd½Iygqdk udk,fu[dkvdk½Ir,f jrwfpGmbk&m;u[dkvdk½Iygqdk udk,fu'Dvdk½Ir,fqdk&ifawmU tm;ig;yg;eJhjynfUpHkvnf;w&m;r&Edkifygbl;/ tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f 99

rm&fewfudkwGef;vSef;EdkifzdkYxuf rm&fpdwfudkwGef;NzdKEkdifzdkYu ydkNyD;ta&;BuD;ygw,f/

t&Sifbk&m; . . . rm&fewfqo kd nfrmS oD;jcm;wnf&adS om ewfwpfyg; r [kwb f J cE¨mud, k &f dS tm½kiH g;yg;udk ac:jcif;jzpfonf[k xifyg onf/ [kwrf [kwf ajzMum;ay;awmfryl gbk&m;/ armifpHvGif? r*Fvm'HkNrdKUe,f/

'umpHviG af & .... 'umpHviG &f UJ ar;cGe;f udzk wfvu kd &f w,fq&kd ifyJ jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si&f UJ *kPaf wmfrsm;pGmxJu ]Zde*kPaf wmf} udk csucf si;f owd &vdu k rf yd gw,f/ ]Zde} qdw k m ]rm&fig;yg;ukd atmifjrifawmfral om jrwfpmG bk&m;} vdYk t"dymÜ ,f&ygw,f/ ]bke;f awmfajcmufyg;eJY jynfph akH wmfral om jrwfpmG bk&m;} vkYd trsm;pk odxm;MuwJh ]b*0g*kPaf wmf} &JU wjcm;t"dygÜ ,fwpf ckuawmh ]rm&fig;yg;udk atmifjrifawmfral om jrwfpmG bk&m;} ygyJ/ rm&fqw kd m ]rm&} qdw k hJ ygVduae qif;oufvmwJh ygVd oufjrefrma0g[m&wpfcyk g/ ]rm&} qdw k m ]aojcif;? aoapjcif;} vdYk t"dymÜ ,f&ygw,f/ aowwfwo hJ abm? aoatmifowfwwf tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

101

wJo h abmudk rm& (rm&f) vdYk ac:ygw,f/ ] towform;} vdYkyJ qdyk gawmh/ vlukd owfwhJ rm&fukd ]vlowform;}? pdwu f kd owfwhJ rm&fukd ]pdwo f wform;} vdYk ac:Edik yf gw,f/ vluv kd nf; owf? pdwu f v kd nf; owfwwfwhJ rm&fu ig;yg;&Syd gw,f/ a'0ykwrÅ m&f? udavorm&f? tbdocFg&rm&f? cE¨rm&feYJ rpöKrm&fwYkdygyJ/ a'0ykwrÅ m&fu ]ouf&rdS m&f} jzpfjyD; usew f hJ rm&fav;yg;uawmh ]oufrrhJ m&f} jzpfygw,f/ ]a'0ykwrÅ m&f} qkw d m tm;vH;k odMuwJh rm&fewfom;udk ajymwmyg/ (a'0ykwÅ = ewfom;/) pwkr[m&mZf? wm0wðom? ,mrm? wkow d m? edrm® e&wD? y&edrw d® 0o0wÅv D Ykd ewfjynfajcmuf xyf&w dS t hJ xJrmS txufq;kH ewfjynfjzpfwhJ y&edrw d® 0o0wÅeD wf jynfu jzpfygw,f/ ]rm&fewfrif;} vdYk olYukd ]rif;} wyfNy;D ajymMuayr,fh olu y&edrw d® 0o0wÅeD wfjynfukd pd;k rd;k tkycf sKy&f wJh t"duy"meewfrif; MuD; r[kwyf gbl;/ t"dutBuD;qH;k ewfrif;u ]0o0wÅeD wfrif;} &,fvYkd oD;jcm;&Syd gw,f/ rm&fewfuawmh tJ'eD wfjynf&UJ ]pifNyKd if rif;} vdYk ajym&rSmaygh/ ]olyek Af v kd ?f "m;jyAdv k }f vdYk ajym&ifvnf; & ygw,f/ ]vlq;kd *kP d ;f acgif;aqmif} .... tJav ....]ewfq;kd *kP d ;f acgif; aqmif} vdYkajym&if ydrk eS rf ,fxifygw,f/ ]tzsuo f rm;*dP k ;f csKyf MuD;} ayghaemf/ rm&fewfu oH;k q,fw h pfbu kH kd olY&UJ ykid ef ufvYkd owfrw S f 102

t&Siq f E´ru d

xm;ovdk avmuDtm½ku H mr*kPcf sr;f omawGuv kd nf; olY&UJ ud, k f ydik yf pön;f awGvYkd ,lqxm;ygw,f/ umr*kPBf uKd uw f o hJ wÅ0gawG udak wmh olY&UJ bufawmfom;? olY&UJ ygwD0ifawGvYkd todtrSwjf yK xm;ygw,f/ olYyikd ef ufjzpfwhJ oH;k q,fw h pfbrkH mS olYtoif;0ifjzpfwhJ owÅ0gawGukd olyikd yf pön;f jzpfwhJ avmuDtm½ku H mr*kPcf sr;f om awGeYJ cHpm;arGUaysmaf eMuwmyJ oljrifcsiyf gw,f/ oHo&musif vnfaMumif;tvkyaf wG vkyw f mudyk J olEpS Nf cdKuNf yD; oHo&mvGwf ajrmufaMumif;tvkyaf wGvyk w f mudak wmh olv;kH 0rabmrusygbl;/ &[ef;yk*Kd¾vyf jJ zpfjzpf? vly*k Kd¾vyf jJ zpfjzpf? yk*Kd¾vw f pfa,muf a,muf oHo&mjywfaMumif;tvkyv f yk Nf yq D w kd meJY rm&fewfu tJ'D yk*Kd¾ vf tJ't D vkyf rvkyEf ikd af tmif aESmif, h u S zf suq f ;D awmhwmygyJ/ olY&UJ aESmif, h u S rf aI tmifjrifomG ;&if tJ'yD *k Kd¾ vf oHo&mu rvGwaf wmhygbl;/ oHo&mu rvGw&f if b0rsm;pGm xyfumxyf um ao&ygOD;r,f/ tJ'v D kd ao&wm[m rm&fewfaMumifjh zpfvYkd aoatmifvyk &f ma&mufwhJ rm&fewfukd ]rm& = rm&f = owfjzwf ol? n§O;f yef;ESyd pf ufo}l vdYkac:ygw,f/ ]udavorm&f} qdw k muawmh wpfaxmifih g;&m udav omw&m;awGukd ajymwmyg/ avmb? a'go? rmefrme? £óm? rpä&, d tp&Sw d hJ udavomw&m;awG[m olwYku d kd vufcx H m;ol &JUpdwu f kd ylavmifatmif? npfErG ;f atmif? yifyef;qif;&Jatmif tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

103

n§O;f yef;ESyd pf ufwwfwt hJ wGuaf Mumifah &m? olwY&kd adS eorQ oHo&m u rvGwb f J wpfaownf; aoae&OD;rSm jzpfwt hJ wGuaf Mumifh a&m udavomw&m;awGukd ]rm& = rm&f} vdYk ac:ygw,f/ ]tbdocFg&rm&f} qdw k muawmh jyKvyk t f m;xkwx f m;wJh ukov kd u f ?H tukov kd u f aH wGukd ajymwmyg/ (tbdocFg& = jyKvyk f tm;xkwrf /I ) ukov kd u f aH Mumifh aumif;wJo h *k wdb0a&mufr,f/ tukov kd u f aH Mumifh raumif;wJh 'k*w ¾ b d 0a&mufr,f/ b,fb0 yJa&mufa&muf? a&muf&mb0rSm ao&rSmjzpfwt hJ wGuf b0topf xyfjzpfapwJh ukov kd u f ?H tukov kd u f ?H uHreS o f rQukd ]rm& =rm&f} vdYk ac:ygw,f/ ]cE¨rm&f} qdw k muawmh ½kycf E¨mud, k Bf u;D ygyJ/ b,f½yk cf E¨m ud, k yf jJ zpfjzpf? cE¨mydik &f iS u f kd y#doaE¨'u k ?© tdek m'kua© wGeYJ n§O;f yef; ESyd pf ufwwfwt hJ jyif aemufq;kH rSm aojcif;'kue© YJ tem;owfay; wJt h wGuf ½kycf E¨mud, k Bf uD;udk ]rm& = rm&f} vdYk ac:ygw,f/ ]rpöKrm&f} qdw k muawmh aojcif;w&m;ygyJ/ aojcif; w&m;[m aocgeD;owÅ0gudk a&m*ga0'em'PfeYJvnf; ESyd pf uf wwf? ouf&o dS ufro hJ aH ,mZOfawGeYJ cGcJ mG &r,ft h a&; awG;Ny;D yl aqG;wJh pdwq f if;&Jr'I PfeYJvnf; ESyd pf ufwwf? vm;&m*wdaumif; zdYk raocsmvdYk ylyefwhJ aMumuf&UHG rI'PfeYJvnf; ESyd pf ufwwfvYkd aojcif;w&m;udk ]rm& = rm&f} vdYk ac:ygw,f/ olu, kd w f ikd u f u kd aoatmif owfwwfvYkdvnf; ]rm& = rm&f} vdYk ac:ygw,f/ 104

t&Siq f E´ru d

tJ'D rm&fig;yg;xJu wpfyg;wnf;aom ouf&rdS m&f jzpfwhJ rm&fewf[m olaexdik &f m y&edrw d® 0o0wÅeD wfjynfuae vlYjynf udk cPcPqif;qif;vmNy;D jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu f adk &m? jrwfpmG bk&m; &Si&f UJ wynfo h m;orD;awGuykd g enf;vrf;trsK;d rsK;d eJY taESmift h ,Suf ay;avh&ydS gw,f/ jrwfpmG bk&m;tavmif;awmf awmxGuw f n hJ u .... ]toifrif;om;? awmrxGuyf geJY? aemufcek pf&ufMum&if pMum&wem qdu k yf gvdrrhf ,f/ toifrif;om; pMumrif;jzpfawmh rSmav? tckvkd qHyifav;awG rnf;eufNyD; i,f&nfi,faoG; awmufyaewJt h csed q f w kd m umr*kPpf nf;pdraf wG Nred YfNred YfBu;D cHpm; &if; Nird ahf e&r,ft h csed af v rif;om;&JU? w&m;tm;xkww f ,fqw kd m tdrk if;&Gww f NG yD; avmurSm oH;k r&wJt h &G,u f srS vky&f r,ft h vkyf r[kwv f m;? aemufaMumif;jyefvn S yhf g? awmrxGuyf geJY} vdYk rm&fewfu wm;jrpfcyhJ gw,f/ (rm&fewf0g'udk BuKd uf wJv h al wG avmurSm trsm;BuD;&Srd ,f xifyg&JU/) jrwfpmG bk&m; bk&m;jzpfwt hJ cgrSmvnf; .... ]t&Sib f &k m;? t&Sib f &k m;[m bk&m;jzpfzYdk yg&rDawG jznfh cJw h m? tck bk&m;jzpfNyaD v? odp&mtm;vH;k tukeo f w d b hJ 0 a&muf Ny?D awmfNyaD ygh? bmjzpfvYkd NrKd Uwum &GmtESYH vSnNhf y;D w&m;a[mae OD;rSmvJ? ud, k u hf pd ö ud, k t hf usK;d Ny;D NyyD ?J y&deAd mÁ efpw H m taumif;qH;k aygh? tckyJ y&deAd mÁ efpv H u kd yf gawmh} tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

105

vdYk rm&fewfu owÅ0gawG olYyikd ef ufxu J vGwx f u G o f mG ; rSm pd;k &drw f phJ w d ef YJ wdu k w f eG ;f cJyh gw,f/ rm&fewf[m tawG;tac:aumif;wJh yk*K¾ v d w f pfa,muf vnf; jzpfavawmh olaESmif, h u S Nf yDq&kd if trsm;tm;jzifh oabm w&m;awG? 'óeawGeYJ pdw"f mwfppfqifa&;vkyNf yD; aESmif, h u S f wm rsm;ygw,f/ wapäo&l aJ ,mifaqmifNyD; ajcmufveS YfwmrsK;d ? qifMurf;a,mifaqmif? a>rMurf;a,mifaqmifNyD; jyL;wl;NyJwJ ajcmufveS YfwmrsK;d vnf; &Sad v&JU/ jrwfpmG bk&m; bk&m;jzpfr,fh naewke;f uawmh vuf½;Hk tm;? vufeuftm;? ppfonfAv dk yf g tNcHt&Htm;awG tBuD;t us,o f ;kH Ny;D tjyif;txef aESmif, h u S cf yhJ gw,f/ rkew f ikd ;f vufeuf? rd;k vufeuf? ausmufcrJ ;kd vufeuf? "m;vSrH ;kd vufeuf? rD;us;D rd;k vuf euf? jymylr;kd vufeuf? oJyrl ;kd vufeuf? nGeyf rl ;kd vufeuf? tarSmif wdu k v f ufeuf? vufeufBuD; ud;k rsK;d ? aemufq;kH tPkjrLAk;H xuf tqaygif;rsm;pGm jyif;xefwhJ rd;k BudK;pufvufeuf/ jrwfpmG bk&m;[m bk&m;jzpfwahJ eYrmS yJ aAm"dyifeYJ a&Tyv’if rSm rm&fig;yg;udk t<uif;rJh atmifjrifawmfrcl yhJ gw,f/ a'0ykwrÅ m&f udak wmh arwÅmwefc;kd ? yg&rDawmfwefc;kd eJYatmifjrifawmfrcl yhJ g w,f/ udavomrm&feYJ tbdocFg&rm&fuakd wmh t&[wÅr*fwef cd;k eJY atmifjrifcyhJ gw,f/ cE¨rm&feYJ rpöKrm&fuakd wmh taMumif;jzpfwhJ udavorm&feYJ tbdocFg&rm&fukd atmifjrifjcif;tm;jzifh atmif 106

t&Siq f E´ru d

jrifcyhJ gw,f/ rm&fig;yg;rSm udavorm&fukd atmifEikd zf Ykdu t"duyg/ udavomuif;ae&if rm&fewf&efvnf; aMumufp&mrvdak wmhyg bl;/ udavomuif;ae&if ukov kd u f ?H tukov kd u f v H nf; rjzpf awmhygbl;/ uHrrS &S&d if b0vnf; xyfrjzpfawmhvYkd cE¨mvnf; r&awmhygbl;/ cE¨mr&rSawmh aojcif;w&m;eJYvnf; &ifqikd pf &m rvdak wmhb;l aygh/ aumif;wmvky&f if aESmif, h u S cf siw f m rm&fewf&UJ tusihf p½du k yf g/ tckacwfrmS olwpfyg;aumif;wmvkyw f mudk aESmif, h u S f [efYwm;wJo h ?l ouFe;f ta&NcKH Ny;D avmuD0Zd mÆ *E¨m&Dtvkyv f yk o f ?l ax&0g'ppfppfxrJ mS [d0k g'a&mxnf?h 'D0g'a&mxnfeh YJ tkwaf &m a&m ausmufa&ma&m jzpfatmifvyk o f ?l omoemjyKvyk if ef; wd;k wufatmifjrifru I kd aESmifah ES;atmif vkyo f al wGukd ]rm&fewfawG} vdYk wifpm;NyD; ac:Edik yf gw,f/ rm&fewfawGvYkd rwifpm;csib f ;l qdk &ifvnf; ]rm&fewf&UJ ygwD0ifawG} vdYk >cif;csurf &Sd owfrw S Ef ikd f ygw,f/ OD;Zif;&JU ]tcspu f aH cayr,fh tESpu f seaf p&r,f} qdw k hJ aqmif;yg; tifwmAsL;*sme,frmS ygvmNy;D aemufyikd ;f wcsKUd vli,f awGu ]tcspt f aMumif;av;awG xyfa&;ygOD;} vkYd awmif;qdv k m Muygw,f/ wpfenf; ....tcReef YJ 0dik ;f r ç vmMuygw,f/ tck rm&fewftaMumif;ajym&if; pum;pyfvYkd ]tcsp}f udk tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

107

t"dymÜ ,fwpfrsK;d zGiyhf g&ap/ tcspq f w kd m wPSm? wPSmqdw k m udavom? udavomqdw k m rm&f? 'Dawmh tcsp[ f mvnf; rm&f yJaygh/ rm&fq&kd if owfawmhr,fav/ ( arwÅmudk &nfñeT ;f wJt h cspf udk rqdv k ykd gbl;/ tJ't D cspu f awmh wpfzufom;&JU aumif;usK;d udk vdv k m;wJph w d o f ufoufygyJ/ tck[mu wG,w f maESmifzUJG wJt h cspf udk qdv k w kd myg/) ]tcspq f w kd m ESv;kH om;eJYb0udk owfjzwfzsuq f ;D ypfwwf wJh rm&fewfwpfyg;ygyJ/ jzLpifoefY&iS ;f at;csr;f MunfvifwphJ w d f "mwfawG? tuefYtowfrhJ b0wd;k wufraI wGukd aESmifah ES;&yfwefY csKyq f ;kH oGm;apwJt h &m[m tcspyf gyJ} vdYk t"dymÜ ,f zGiq hf &kd if tcspf rSm aysm0f ifepfjrKyw f rd ;f rl;axG,pfcsiw f hJ tcspBf uD;olawG pdwrf sm; qd;k avrvm;/ ]aeq,fpif;xuf jyif;w,f? rif; rm&fewfrif;&JU orD;vm;} qdw k hJ oDcsi;f pmom;&,f? ]rif; ighukd owfw,f} qdw k hJ oDcsi;f pmom;&,fukd oGm;&if;vm&if; Mum;zl;ovdv k ykd gyJ/ rm&fewf&UJ tEÅ&m,fxuf rm&fpw d f ( udavompdw)f &JU tEÅ&m,fu ydNk yD; aMumufp&maumif;wmrdYk rm&fewfukd wGe;f vSef Edik zf Ykx d uf rm&fpw d u f kd wGe;f NzKEd ikd zf Yku d ydNk y;D ta&;Bu;D ygw,fvYkd ..../ tyÜrma'e orÜma'x/ «tifwmAsL;*sme,f? pufwifbm? 19? 2001» g

108

t&Siq f E´ru d

■

ukodkvfuHaMumifUaumif;wJU ok*wdb0a&mufr,f/ tukodkvfuHaMumifUraumif;wJU 'k*¾wdb0a&mufr,f/ b,fb0yJa&mufa&muf a&muf&mb0rSm ao&rSmjzpfwJUtwGuf b0topfxyfjzpfapwJU ukodkvfuH?tukodkvfuH uHrSeforQudk rm&=rm&fvdkhac:ygw,f/

■

tcspfqdkwmESvHk;om;eJhb0udk owfjzwfzsufqD;ypfwwfwJU rm&fewfwpfyg;ygyJ/ jzLpifoefh&Sif;at;csrf;MunfvifwJU pdwf"mwfawG?tuefhtowfrJU b0wdk;wufrIawGudkaESmifUaES;&yfwefh csKyfqHk;oGm;apwJUt&m[m tcspfygyJ . . . ./

■

aumif;wmvkyf&ifaESmifU,Sufcsifwm rm&fewf&JYtusifUp½dkufyg/ tckacwfrSmolwpfyg;aumif;wm vkyfwmudkaESmifU,Suf[efhwm;wJUol ouFef;ta&NcHKjyD;avmuD0dZÆm *E¨m&Dtvkyfvkyfol ax&0g'ppfppfxJrSm[kd0g'a&mxnfU 'D0g'a&mxnfUvkyfolawG[m rm&fewf&JYygwD0ifawGygyJ/ tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

109

vlrIa&;r[kwfwJU ukodkvfa&;udpörSeforQ bmudpöaMumifUyJyifUyifU yifUol&Sd&if ckepf&uf0gyefjyD; c&D;<uaumif;ygw,f/ c

t&Sifbk&m; . . . 0gwGif;rSm &[ef;omraPrsm; c&D;oGm;cGifh r&Sdbl;vkdY Mum;zl;ygw,fbk&m;/ 'gayrJh 0gwGif;MuD; c&D;oGm;vmaeMuwJh &[ef;awmfrsm;udv k nf; jrifawGaY e&ygí em;rvnfEikd yf gaom aMumifh oHo,&Si;f atmif ajzMum;ay;awmfryl gbk&m;/ armifbkef;jrifh? vomNrdKUe,f/

'umbke;f jrifah & .... 'umbke;f jrif&h UJ ar;cGe;f udk zwfvu kd &f w,fq&kd ifyJ 0gwGi;f oH;k vjzpfay:vmyHo k rkid ;f aMumif;udk csucf si;f owd&vdu k rf yd gw,f/ 0gqdpk &m 0gwGi;f oH;k v&,fvYkd jrwfpmG bk&m;ynwfcsurf xkwaf o; cifumvawGwek ;f u &[ef;awmfawG[m aEGr;kd aqmif; Owko;kH yg; vH;k taMumif;ay:&if ay:ovdk c&D;oGm;vmavh&MdS uygw,f/ tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

111

&[ef;awmfrsm; tcdserf a&G;? Owkra&G; c&D;oGm;vmaeMuwmudk vl0wfaMumifawGu uJ&h UJ ½Iwcf sMuygw,f/ ]'D&[ef;awGu bmjzpfvYkd Owko;kH yg;vH;k c&D;oGm;vmae Mu&wmvJ? rd;k wGi;f c&D;oGm;awmh pdr;f pdak ewJh jrufyifi,f? opfyif i,fawG teif;acscMH u&wmaygh/ jrufyif? opfyifawGrmS vnf; toufu, kd pf &D w dS mrdYk olwYkdtoufukd rn§mrwm n§O;f qJ&m ra&mufaybl;vm;/ jrufyif? opfyifawGMum;rSm yk;d aumif rTm; aumifi,fav;awGvnf; &Sw d mrdYk olwYkcd &D;oGm;vmaewJt h wGuf tJ'D yd;k rTm;aumifav;awGawmh trsm;BuD; aoaMuysupf ;D ukeMf u ygNyD/ &[ef;awmfrsm; odycf ufwmyJ} ]MunfMh uprf;ygOD;? w&m;aumif; w&m;rSerf &Sw d hJ wdwd¦ awGawmifrS rd;k wGi;f av;awmh ud, k ahf e&mrSmudk Nird Nf ird 0f yf0yf aeMu ao;w,f/ wd&pämefjzpfwhJ iSuaf wGawmifrS opfyifopfacgif;awG xJu olwYk&d UJ todu k af wGrmS wpfr;kd wGi;f vH;k rd;k cdMk uygao;w,f/ bk&m;om;awmf &[ef;awmfawGu wdwad¦ wGeYJ iSuaf wGavmuf awmif rd;k wGi;f rSm NidrNf idrq f rd q f rd f raeEdik Mf ubl;vm;} vl0wfaMumifawGu tJ'v D kd uJ&h UJ ½Iwcf sMuwJt h wGuf jrwf pGmbk&m;u rd;k wGi;f av;vrSm oH;k vrd;k cdzk Ykd (0gqdzk Yk)d ynwfawmfrl vdu k yf gw,f/ &[ef;awmfrsm;vnf; rd;k wGi;f av;vudk a&SUoH;k v aemufo;kH v ydik ;f Ny;D yxr0g? 'kw, d 0g&,fvYkd 0gESprf sK;d cGjJ cm;owf rSwf 0gqdak wmfrcl MhJ u&ygw,f/ 112

t&Siq f E´ru d

yxr0gu 0gqdv k jynfah usmw f pf&ufuae oDwif;uRwf vjynfah eYtxdjzpfNyD;? 'kw, d 0gu 0gacgifvjynfah usmw f pf&uf uae wefaqmifrek ;f vjynfah eYtxd jzpfygw,f/ yxr0gqdzk Ykd taMumif; rnDnw G w f hJ &[ef;awmfrsm; 'kw, d 0g qdMk u&ygw,f/ yxr0gqdw k hJ &[ef;awmfrsm;u 'kw, d 0gqdzk Ykd rvdt k yfygbl;/ 0gxyfwEhJ pS af wGrmS yxr0gqdv k udk vH;k 0 xnfrh wGub f J 'kw, d 0gqdv k udyk J 0gqdv k vdYk w&m;0ifowfrw S Nf yD; 0gpqdMk uygw,f/ qAÁ*&D¾ [ef;awG 0gwGi;f Mu;D c&D;xGuMf uwmeJYywfoufNy;D jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu f ]yxr0gyJqq kd ?kd 'kw, d 0gyJqq kd ?kd ud, k q f x kd m; wJh 0gwGi;f oH;k v ruRwrf csi;f b,f&[ef;rS c&D;rxGu&f ? xGuw f hJ &[ef; 'ku#ú t f mywfoifah p} vdYk ynwfawmfrx l m;ygw,f/ 'gayrJh aemufyikd ;f rSmawmh taMumif;w&m;trsK;d trsK;d ay: aygufvmwJt h wGuf jrwfpmG bk&m;vnf; ]0gwGi;f BuD;jzpfayr,fh r<urjzpfwhJ taMumif;udpö w&m;eJYtnD ay:aygufvm&if ckepf &uf 0gyefNy;D c&D;<uEdik w f ,f} vdYk w&m;0if cGijhf yKawmfrcl yhJ gw,f/ ]ckepf&uftwGi;f ud, k ahf usmif;ud, k f jyefvmr,f} vdYk ESv;kH oGi;f vdu k w f mudk ]0gyefw,f} vdYk ac:ygw,f/ 0gyefNy;D c&D;xGuw f hJ &[ef;[m ud, k 0f gqdw k ahJ usmif;&JU 0gqdpk nf; e,ferd w d jf yifyrSm ck epf&ufxuf ydrk aebJ ud, k ahf usmif;ud, k f jyefvm&ygw,f/ Oyrm - vqef;(1)&ufaeYrmS 0gyefNy;D c&D;xGuw f &hJ [ef; [m vqef;(7)&ufaeYrmS ud, k ahf usmif;ud, k f jyefa&muf&ygw,f/ tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

113

vlYavmurSm n(12)em&Dausm&f if aemufwpf&ufpayr,fh 0denf; avmurSmawmh t½kPw f ufNyD;rSom aemufwpf&ufpwJt h wGuf vqef;(8)&uf&UJ tp t½kPrf wufcif b,ftcsed f jyefa&muf a&muf &ygw,f/ vqef;(8)&uftpOD; t½kPw f ufNyD;rS jyef a&muf&ifawmh 0gusK;d oGm;ygw,f/ ckepf&uf 0gyefNyD; c&D;oGm;cGiu hf vnf; ]yifrh o S mG ;cGi}hf eJY ]ryifb h o J mG ;cGi}hf &,fvYkd ESprf sK;d &Syd gw,f/ ]yifrh o S mG ;cGi}hf rSm yifch iG &hf o dS al wGu &[ef;? &[ef;r? odu© rmef? omraP? omraPr? OygoumeJY OygodumrwdYkygyJ/ 'um? 'umrawGyifrh S 0gwGi;f c&D;<ucGi&hf w dS mr[kwyf gbl;? &[ef;? omraPawGu yifv h nf; 0gwGi;f c&D;<ucGi&hf w dS ,fqw kd m oabm ayguf&ygr,f/ yifch iG &hf w dS t hJ aMumif;udpaö wGuawmh w&m;"r®eYJavsmn f D wJh taMumif;udpaö wG tm;vH;k ygyJ/ Oyrm - &[ef;oHCm? odYkr [kwf &[ef;trsm;? odYkr[kwf &[ef;wpfyg;twGuf ausmif;? Z &yf? vkP d *f ?l uk#?D a&wGi;f ? a&uef? Nc?H ajr .... ponf vSL'gef;vdk vdYk yifzh w d w f mrsK;d ? a&pufcsw&m;? tEkarm'emw&m;? txl;w&m; ponf emMum;vdv k Ykd yifzh w d w f mrsK;d awGyg/ &[ef;twGuf vSL'gef;rS r[kwyf gbl;/ uk&d iftrsm;? odYk r[kwf ud&k ifwpfyg;twGuf vSL'gef;&ifvnf; enf;wlygyJ/ tck acwfrmS r&Sad wmhwhJ bduK© e?D odur© mef? omraPrwdYktwGuf 114

t&Siq f E´ru d

vSL'gef;&ifvnf; enf;wlygyJ/ omoemh0efxrf; &Si&f [ef;awGtwGuf vSL'gef;wmrsK;d udk yifzh w d rf o S m 0gwGi;f <uaumif;wmr[kwyf gbl;/ 'um? 'umrawG u olwYakd ezdY?k olwYo kd ;kH zdYk aqmufxm;wJt h rd ?f Z&yf? aps;qdik ?f vkP d *f ?l rd;zdak csmif? rD;wif;uky?f a&wGi;f ? a&uef? Nc?H ajr .... ponf zGiyhf JG txdr;f trSwf vkyv f Ykd &[ef;awmfawGukd tvSLcH<uzdYk? w&m; a[m<uzdYk yifzh w d &f ifvnf; 0gwGi;f rSm 0gyefNyD; c&D;<uaumif; ygw,f/ (tdrw f ufr*Fvm ponf) ud, k o hf m;? ud, k o hf rD;&JU xdr;f jrm;vufxyfyJG (r*Fvm aqmif) yifzh w d &f ifvnf; 0gyefNyD; <uaumif;ygw,f/ ud, k u f , kd f wdik f aexdik rf aumif;vdYk? ruse;f rrmzsm;emvdYk yifzh w d &f ifvnf; 0gyefNy;D <uaumif;ygw,f/ y&d,wÅpd mayoif,cl siv f Yk?d oif,l apcsiv f Ykd yifzh w d &f ifvnf; 0gyefNyD; <uaumif;ygw,f/ vlraI &; r[kww f hJ ukov kd af &;udprö eS o f rQ bmudpaö Mumifyh J yifyh if?h yifo h l &S&d if ckepf&uf 0gyefNyD; c&D;<uaumif;ygw,f/ yifo h b l ufu wpfco k wdjyK&rSmuawmh rdryd ifv h w kd &hJ [ef; udk ]uyÜ, d 0pe} vdYkac:wJh ]tyfpyfwphJ um;} eJY yifzh w d rf zd YkdygyJ/ 'gejyKcsiv f Ykd ('geOö 'gwk)H ? w&m;emcsiv f Ykd ("r®Oö aomwH)k ? &[ef; zl;csiv f Ykd (bduL© p yódw)kH qdw k phJ um;oH;k &yf (wHo k ;kH wH)k eJYyjJ zpfjzpf? tJ'pD um;oH;k &yf&UJ t"dygÜ ,frsK;d oabmoufa&mufwhJ y&d,m,f pum;awGeYyJ jJ zpfjzpf tyfpyfpmG yifzh w d rf o S m &[ef;awmfrsm; 0gwGi;f tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

115

rSm 0gyefNyD; ckepf&ufwm c&D;<uaumif;ygw,f/ wpfcak om 0gwGi;f umvrSm oHCmawmfawG pkaygif;ae xdik w f hJ oHCu d ausmif;wpfausmif; NyKd usysupf ;D oGm;ygw,f/ &w emoH;k yg; qnf;uyfwhJ 'umwpfa,mufu awmxJrmS oljzwf awmufcw k x f m;wJh opfawG&w dS t hJ wGuf ]t&Sib f &k m;wdYk ud, k w f ikd f vm,l&if 'DopfawG wynfah wmfvLS yghr,fb&k m;} vdYk vlBuHKvw T f NyD; &[ef;awmfawGukd avQmufxm;ygw,f/ &[ef;awmfawGu jrwfpmG bk&m;udk avQmufwt hJ cg jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu f ]oHCmhupd q ö &kd ifawmh 0gyefNyD;oGm;zdYk cGijhf yKyg w,f/ ckepf&uf jynf&h ifawmh jyefvm&r,f} vdYk rdeYfMum;awmfrl vdu k yf gw,f/ 'ghaMumifh &[ef; oHCmawmfawG&UJ ta&;udpö (oHCmhupd )ö aMumifh yifzh w d w f mqd&k if bmudpaö Mumifyh yJ ifyh ifh 0gyef NyD; <uaumif;ygw,f/ ]ryifb h o J mG ;cGi}hf rSm &[ef;wpfyg; ruse;f rrmzsm;emae w,f? omoemhabmifrmS raysmaf rGUbJ ysi;f &daew,f? 0denf;ukuKú pö (0denf;oHo,) jzpfaew,f? t,lrmS ;aew,f? Bu;D av;wJ0h ed nf; tjypfoifah ew,f .... ponftm;jzifh taMumif;w&m; q,fyg; wpfyg;yg; jzpfaew,fq&kd if um,uH&iS u f <uvmzdYk ryifrh zdwf vnf; ud, k b hf momud, k f 0gyefNyD; <uaumif;ygw,f/ vlemjyKpk jcif;? omoemhabmifrmS aysmaf rGUzdYk tm;ay;pum;ajymjcif;? 0denf; oHo,ajz&Si;f ay;jcif;? w&m;pum;ajymay;jcif; ponf jyKvyk af y; 116

t&Siq f E´ru d

Edik yf gw,f/ omraP (ud&k if) awGrmS ruse;f rmjcif;? raysmaf rGUjcif;? &[ef;cHvjkd cif;qdw k hJ taMumif;oH;k yg; wpfyg;yg; &Sv d m&ifvnf; um,uH&iS u f &kd ifu yifyh ifrh yifyh if?h 0gyefNyD; <uaumif;ygw,f/ 'umbke;f jrifah & .... 'D0gwGi;f NyD;cJw h hJ 0gacgifvjynfah eYwek ;f u &efuek rf mS OD;Zif;&JU crnf;awmfeYJ r,fawmfu pmoifwu kd w f pfcu k toufEpS f q,fjynfu h &kd ifwpfyg;udk ypön;f av;yg;'umcHNy;D &[ef;cHay;cJMh u ygw,f/ tJ'&D [ef;cHyu JG kd crnf;awmfu OD;Zif;udk <uvmapcsif ygw,f/ ol&[ef;cHay;r,fh ud&k ifukd om;OD;Zif;ud, k w f ikd f ur®0g zwfNyD; cs;D ajr§mufapcsiw f ,faygh/ 0gwGi;f rSm ud&k ifwpfyg; &[ef;cH&if &[ef;cHupd t ö wGuf ulnaD qmif&u G af y;zdYk? odYkr[kwf ur®0gzwfay;zdYk? odYkr[kwf odrf 0ifoC H mjynfah tmif jznfah y;zdYkqw kd &hJ nf&, G cf suaf wGeYJ b,forl S ryifzh w d v f nf; 0gyefNy;D <uaumif;w,fvYkd jrwfpmG bk&m; rdeYfMum; xm;wJt h wGuf ]OD;Zif;<u&if um;vmBuKdr,f} vdYk zke;f qufwhJ crnf; awmfukd zke;f xJuaeyJ ]um;vmBuKd &if OD;Zif;<ur,f} vkYd uwday; vdu k yf gw,f/ 'gayrJh oGm;ryifzh Ykd uefYuu G yf w d yf ifwo hJ al wG ay:vmvdYk xifyg&JU/ &efuek u f ae oxHu k kd um;vmrBudKygbl;/ &efuek u f um;vmBudKryS J oGm;r,fvYdk qH;k jzwfxm;wJt h wGuf &[ef;cHyu JG kd tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

117

OD;Zif;r<ujzpfvu kd af wmhygbl;/ trSeu f awmh b,forl S vmryifh vnf; <uaumif;ygw,f/ <ujcif;aMumifh bmtjypfrS rjzpfygbl;/ bmtmywfrS roifyh gbl;/ vl0wfaMumifawG ruse;f rrm zsm;emwmeJY ywfoufNyD; taz&if;? tar&if;qd&k ifawmh ryifzh w d v f nf; <uaumif;ygw,f/ nD? tpfu?kd tpfr? ESr? aqGrsK;d ? uyÜ, d ? a0,sm0pöu& ponfwYkd qd&k ifawmh yifzh w d rf yS J <uaumif;ygw,f/ 0gyefNy;D c&D;<uwmeJYywfoufvYkd tus,o f cd si&f ifawmh 0denf;r[m0gygVdawmfeYJ t|uxmawGrmS &SmazGavhvmEkid yf g w,f/ wu,fawmh 0denf;qdw k m &[ef;omraPawGom od oifw h m r[kwyf gbl;/ vl0wfaMumifawGvnf; odoifyh gw,f/ 'grSom ]wynfv h rd m® q&mtmywfvw G }f qdw k phJ um;twdik ;f om oemjyKvyk if ef;awGukd tyftyfpyfpyfeYJ ESYHEYSpH yfpyfaqmif&u G Ef ikd yf g vdrrhf ,f/ 0denf;eJYtnDvyk w f hJ &[ef;awmfawGukd 0denf;em;rvnf bJ &rf;orf;uJ&h UJ rdvYkd &vmr,fh tukov kd t f jypfq;kd rsK;d awGuvnf; vGwaf jrmufEikd yf gvdrrhf ,f ...vdYk ..../ tyÜrma'e orÜma'x «tifwmAsL;*sme,f? atmufwdkbm? 17? 2001» g

118

t&Siq f E´ru d

■

vlhavmurSmnq,fUESpfem&Dausmf&if aemufwpf&ufpayr,fU 0denf;avmurSmawmU t½kPfwufjyD;rSom aemufwpf&ufpwJUtwGuf vqef;&Spf&uf&JYtp t½kPfrwufcifb,ftcsdef jyefa&mufa&muf&ygw,f/

■

wu,fawmU0denf;qdkwm &[ef;omraPawGom odoifUwmr[kwfygbl;/ vl0wfaMumifawGvnf; odoifUygw,f/ 'grSom wynfUvdr®mq&mtmywfvGwf qdkwJUpum;twdkif;omoemjyK vkyfief;awGudktyftyfpyfpyfeJh ESHhESHhpyfpyfaqmif&GufEdkifygvdrfUr,f/

■

aoG;onftouf?toufonfaoG; vdkhqdkwJUtwdkif;aoG;qdkwm vlwpfa,muf&JYtoufyg/ aoG;vSLwJUol[mtoufudk ay;vSL&ma&mufygw,f/ aoG;vSL&Sif[mjzpfav&mb0wdkif; touf&Snfjcif;?tema&m*guif;&Sif;jcif; qdkwJUaumif;usKd;awG&&SdEdkifygw,f/ txl;ojzifUaoG;tm;aumif;wJU a'gifa'gifjrnfusef;rma&;ydkif&Sif jzpfrSmaocsmygw,f/ tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f 119

b,favmufaumif;wJUtvkyfudkyJvkyfvkyf qefhusifbuftzsuform;qdkwm &SdwwfpNrJjzpfvdkhb,folawG b,fvdkyJzsufzsufudk,fvkyfoifUvkyfxdkufwJU tvkyfaumif;awGudkbmtaMumif;aMumifUrS aemufrqkwfbJjrefjrefxufxuf oGufoGufvufvufvkyfoGm;zdkhta&;BuD;ygw,f/

t&Sifbk&m; . . . t&Sib f &k m;&JU arwåm&dyaf tmufrmS wynfah wmf 'kvb ’ &[ef;vm0wfr,fqw kd modawmh wcsKUd rdwaf qGawGu ]0gwGi;f Mu;D 'kvb ’ r0wfaumif;bl;} vdYk ajymMuygw,fb&k m;/ wynfah wmf b,fvq kd ;kH jzwf&rvJqw kd m rdeMYf um;ay;awmfryl gbk&m;/ tu,f'rDpdk;ol? &efukefNrdKU/

'umpk;d ola& .... 'umpk;d ol&UJ ar;cGe;f udk zwfvu kd &f w,fq&kd ifyJ jrwfpmG bk&m;&Sif vufxufwek ;f u 0gwGi;f Bu;D &Si&f [ef;jyKcsicf w hJ hJ 0dom cg&JU ajr;i,fav;udk csucf si;f owd&vdu k rf yd gw,f/ wpfcak om 0gwGi;f umvwke;f u om0w¬Nd rdKUrSm 0gqkd oDwif;oH;k wJh oHCmawmfawG wnDwnGww f nf; uwdu0wfwpf tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

121

ck jyKxm;Muygw,f/ b,fvu kd wdu0wfvq J adk wmh ]'D0gwGi;f rSm b,foYlurkd S &Sijf yK &[ef;cH vkyrf ay;Mupwrf;} qdw k hJ uwdu0wf yg/ tJ'ED pS f 0gwGi;f rSmrS 0domcg&JU ajr;i,fwpfa,mufu vnf; ouFe;f 0wfcsipf w d f jyif;jyvmwmaMumifh &[ef;oHCmawmf awGxH csO;f uyfjyD; olYukd &Sijf yKay;zdYk? &[ef;cHay;zdYk avQmufxm; awmif;yefygw,f/ ]'umav; ....? 0gwGi;f BuD; b,foYlurkd S &Sijf yK? &[ef;cH vkyrf ay;&bl;vdYk &[ef;oHCmawmfawG uwdu0wf jyKxm;Mu w,fu, G ?f 'Dawmh 'umav; 0guRww f t hJ xd apmifq h ikd ;f vku d yf gOD; aemf? 0guRwrf yS J &Sijf yK&[ef;cHvyk Mf uwmaygh/ [kwv f m; 'um av;} &[ef;oHCmawmfawG&UJ arwÅm&yfcH wkYjH yefpum;aMumifh 0domcg&JU ajr;i,fvnf; ouFe;f 0wfcsipf w d u f kd rsKo d yd &f if; pdwrf csr;f ajrhpmG ausmif;awmfu jyefvmcJyh gw,f/ 0gvuif;vGwo f w D if;uRwNf yq D w kd meJY 0domcg&JU ajr;i,f udk &[ef;oHCmawmfawGu ]vmav 'umav;? ouFe;f qnf;Ny;D &Sijf yK&[ef;cH vkyMf u&atmif} vdYk owdw&eJY wul;wu vmajym Muygw,f/ tJ't D cg 0domcg&JU ajr;i,fu .... ]t&Sib f &k m;wdYk ....? ouFe;f 0wfcsipf w d x f ufoefjyif;jyae 122

t&Siq f E´ru d

wJh 0gwGi;f wke;f uom ouFe;f 0wfjzpfcrhJ ,fq&kd if tckavmufqkd bk&m;wynfah wmf omoemhabmifrmS taysmBf u;D aysm?f tarGUavsmf BuD;arGUavsmaf erSm aocsmygw,fb&k m;? tckawmh bk&m;wynfh awmf ouFe;f 0wfcsipf w d f r&Sad wmhwt hJ wGuf r0wfawmhygbk&m;? tJ't D wGuf bk&m;wynfah wmfukd cGiv hf w T af wmfryl gbk&m;} vdYk &[ef;oHCmawmfawGukd olouFe;f r0wfjzpfawmhwhJ taMumif; w½dw k ao avQmufxm;vdu k yf gw,f/ ajr;vdrm® av; ouFe;f r0wfjzpfawmhwt hJ aMumif;vnf; odomG ;a&m? 0domcgu &[ef;oHCmawmfawGukd tBuD;tus,f uJ&h UJ ½Iwcf sygawmhw,f/ ]ud, k af wmfawG bmjzpfvYkd 'Dvu kd wdu0wfrsK;d jyKxm;Mu &wmvJ? wuwJ ]0gwGi;f BuD; b,foYlurkd S &Si&f [ef; jyKray;& bl;} vdYky?J wu,fqkd b,ftcsed f b,fumvrSmyJjzpfjzpf w&m;u usio hf ifw h myJr[kwv f m;? w&m;rusio hf ifw h hJ tcsed t f cgumv&,f vkYd &Sv d Ykdvm;} 0domcg&JU tjypfwifpum;udk &[ef;awmfawG Mum;awmh jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu f kd jyefvnfavQmufxm;Muygw,f/ tJ'rD mS jrwf pGmbk&m;&Siu f tckvkd odum© yk'w f pfck ynwfawmfrv l u kd yf gw,f/ ]0gwGi;f rSm b,foYlurkd S &Si&f [ef;rjyKay;&bl;qdw k hJ uwd u0wfrsK;d &[ef;rSeo f rQ vH;k 0rjyKvyk &f bl;? jyKvyk w f &hJ [ef; 'ku#ú f tmywfoifah p} tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

123

'Davmufqkd 'umpd;k ol oabmaygufavmufygNyDaemf/ 0gwGi;f rSmvnf; &Sijf yKaumif;ygw,f/ &[ef;cHaumif;ygw,f/ 0gwGi;f rSm &Sijf yKvYk?d &[ef;cHvYkd bmtjypfrS rjzpfygbl;/ &Sijf yKray; wJ&h [ef;? &[ef;cHray;wJh &[ef;om tjypfjzpfygw,f/ tmywf oifyh gw,f/ 0gwGi;f rdYq k Ndky;D &Sijf yK&[ef;cHvyk rf ay;wJh &[ef;awGrmS tm ywfoifo h vdk 0gwGi;f rdYk &Sijf yK&[ef;cHrvkyyf geJYO;D vdYk wm;jrpfwhJ vlawGrmS vnf; wpfzufom;&JU ukov kd &f ayguf tcGit hf vrf;udk ydwyf if&m a&mufwt hJ wGuf tjypfjzpfygw,f/ rodem;rvnfvYkd wm;jrpfrw d o hJ u l kd ]"r®E&Å m,fxu kd w f ,f} vdYkavmufyJ ajymoifah y r,fh odem;vnfyg&ufeYJ trke;f w&m;tajccHNyD; tqd;k jrif0g'eJY &Sijf yK&[ef;cH rvkyjf zpfatmif aESmif, h u S [ f efYwm; ydwyf ifwm;jrpf wJo h u l akd wmh ]omoemzsurf m&fewf} vdYk >cif;csurf &Sd owfrw S f vdYk &ygw,f/ 'umpd;k ola& .... 'umpd;k ol OD;Zif;qDrmS ouFe;f vm0wfr,fqw kd m Mum; awmh pdwx f m;wwfoal wG? pdwaf umif;arG;Edik o f al wGu *kP, f l 0rf;ajrmufMu? ulnt D m;ay;Mu? ukov dk yf aJG tmifjrifa&;twGuf BuKd wifjyifqifMueJY tm;wufoa&m &Sad eMuoavmuf pdwx f m; rwwfoal wG? pdwaf umif;rarG;Edik o f al wGuawmh uh&J UJ ½Iwcf sMu? acs;ajcmufa&ESL;NyD; tjypfazmfr&hJ UJG Mu? ukov kd yf rJG atmifjrifatmif 124

t&Siq f E´ru d

ydwyf ifwm;jrpfMueJY tukov kd w f &m;awGw;kd yGm;Ny;D pdwEf v S ;kH ylavmif rnf;npfaeMuygw,f/ ]tEkynm&Siw f pfa,mufukd 'kvb ’ &[ef; 0wfray;oifh bl;} wJh ..../ ]tEkynm&Siw f pfa,mufu bke;f Bu;D wpfyg;eJY tckvkd vm NyD; rywfouf rqufqo H ifb h ;l } wJh ..../ ]bke;f BuD;u tEkynm&Siw f pfa,mufeYJ tckvykd wfouf qufqw H mudk vH;k 0rBudKub f ;l } wJh ..../ bk&m; ....bk&m; .... em;&Sv d Yo kd m Mum;&w,f .... r,HEk ikd pf &m ygyJvm; ....? 'Dpum;rsK;d ajymxGuw f v hJ al wGrmS vlpw d rf &S MdS uao;&JU vm; .... om;orD;csi;f ud, k cf si;f pmempdwf acgif;yg;vScsnv f m;..../ odyu f kd tHMh ovGe;f rdygw,f 'umpd;k ol/ wu,fawmh 'Dvpkd um;rsK;d ajymxGuw f v hJ al wG[m vlr qefwv hJ al wG? twåBu;D rm;Ny;D wpfu, kd af umif;qefwv hJ al wG? t&m &mudk tqd;k jrif0g'eJY tysujf rifwwfwv hJ al wG? ud, k cf si;f pmw&m; acgif;yg;wJv h al wG? ud, k t hf wGut f usK;d &Srd S wpfzufom;udk aygif; oif;qufqw H wfwhJ rdwaf qGw?k rdwaf qGa,mifawGqw kd m oHo, jzpfp&mr&Syd gbl;/ omoemhabmifukd tEkynm&Siaf wG 0ifa&mufciG rhf &Sb d ;l vdYk jrwfpmG bk&m; ynwfrxm;ygbl;/ tEkynm&Siyf jJ zpfjzpf? tEk ynm&Sirf [kwo f yl J jzpfjzpf? rnforl qdk omoemhabmif 0ifa&muf tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

125

cGi&hf ydS gw,f/ bke;f BuD;&[ef;awGu tEkynm&Siaf wGukd &Sijf yK&[ef;cH vkyrf ay;&bl;? 'um&if;? 'umr&if;awGtjzpf rqufqH rcs;D ajr§muf&bl;? w&m;"r® a[mMum;jyoray;&bl;vdYkvnf; jrwfpmG bk&m; a[mMum;rxm;ygbl;/ vlom;tm;vH;k tay: wlrQwhJ arwÅm pdwef YJ vdt k yfovdk cs;D ajr§mufapmifah &SmufzYkdyJ a[mMum;qH;k rxm; ygw,f/ vlawGukd tqift h wef;cGjJ cm;Ny;D qufqcH s;D ajrm§ ufwmudk jrwfpmG bk&m; vdv k m;awmfrrlygbl;/ jrwfpmG bk&m; a[mMum;xm;wJh bke;f BuD;&[ef;awG t uRr;f w0ifrqufqo H ifw h yhJ *k Kd¾ vrf sm;pm&if;rSmvnf; tEkynm&Sif awG rygygbl;/ jynfw h efqmr? rkq;kd r? tysKBd uD;? eyH;k y@Kuw f YkdyJ ygygw,f/ 'gawmif olwYkd&UJ 'gejyKciG ?hf w&m;emcGiu hf kd ydwyf if rxm;ygbl;/ vdt k yf&if vdt k yfovdk cs;D ajrm§ ufzYkd cGijhfyKxm;ygw,f/ vlxu J vljzpfwhJ tEkynm&Siaf wGukd wjcm;vlawGvykd J vlvo kd abmxm;Ny;D q&mawmfoC H mawmfawGu arwÅmu½kPm tjynfeh YJ w&m;"r®t&dyaf y;&if; cs;D ajr§mufapmifah &SmufMuwmudk rvdrk ek ;f xm;pdwef YJ rausreyfjzpfaeMuolawGtaeeJY bk&m;&Si&f UJ tEkynm&Sif O*¾aoecRwcf ef;? vlowform; t*kv F rd mvcRwcf ef;? oD&rd mjynfw h efqmrcRwcf ef;? tazowfNy;D eef;vkot l Zmwowf cRwcf ef; pwmawGukd &SmazGzwf½MI unfzh Ykd wdu k w f eG ;f csiyf gw,f/ bk&m;om;awmfrYkd bk&m;twkvu kd Nf yD; bk&m;vdk arwÅm? 126

t&Siq f E´ru d

u½kPmpdwaf rG;MuwJh bk&m;om;awmf &[ef;awmfawG&UJ arwÅm? u½kPmudk bk&m;om;awmfr[kww f hJ vl0wfaMumif 'um'umr awGu b,fvrkd S em;vnfcpH m;vdYk&rSmr[kwyf gbl;/ pdwo f abm xm;jynf0h ol vlwcsKUd uvG&J ifaygh/ tEkynm&Siaf wG &[ef;oHCmxH csO;f uyfciG hf r&Sb d ;l ? ukov kd af umif;rIjyKciG hf r&Sb d ;l ? w&m;"r®em,lusio hf ;kH cGihf r&Sb d ;l vdYk vnf; jrwfpmG bk&m; a[mMum;rxm;ygbl;/ tEkynm&Sirf [kww f hJ wjcm;vlawGvykd J csO;f uyfciG ?hf jyKciG ?hf em,lusio hf ;kH cGihf tjynht f 0 &Syd gw,f/ tEkynmavmurSmyJjzpfjzpf? wjcm;avmurSmyJjzpfjzpf? aumif;wJo h &l o dS vdk qd;k wJo h v l nf;&Sw d mygyJ/ pif;vH;k acsmaumif;wJh ol&,fvYkd r&So d vdk pif;vH;k Murf;qd;k wJo h &l ,fvYkdvnf; r&Syd gbl;/ vlwpfa,mufwnf;rSmudk taumif;tqd;k 'Gew f aJG ewmyg/ qd;k ol awG aumif;cGihf r&Sad wmhb;l vm;/ qd;k uGuaf wGukd azsmufzsuNf yD; aumif;uGuaf wGeYJ tpm;xk;d cGihf r&Sad wmhb;l vm;/ jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif&JU omoemawmf[m qdk;olawGudk aumif;cGiahf y;NyD; aumif;olawGukd aumif;oxufaumif;cGiahf y; xm;wJh rGerf eG jf rwfjrwf omoemawmfBu;D qdw k mudk vH;k 0rarhapcsif ygbl;/ vlYtvTmwpfcck &k UJ rlyikd o f moemr[kwb f ;l qdw k mudk tNrJ owdcsyaf pcsiyf gw,f/ omoemu rlyidk rf [kwo f vdk omoemh 0efxrf; &Si&f [ef;awGuvnf; b,fow l pfO;D wpfa,muf&UJ rS rlyikd f tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

127

r[kwyf gbl;/ tm;vH;k eJY oufqikd w f hJ trsm;qdik ?f bHq k ikd af wGyg/ 0domcghajr;i,fav;&JU tcsed rf &D iS &f [ef;jyKciG rhf &vdYk o'¨g w&m; aysmufu, G q f ;kH ½I;H oGm;yHu k v kd nf; oifcef;pm,loifyh gw,f 'umpk;d ol/ aumif;rIuo k v kd t f vkyq f w kd m vkycf sipf w d f xufxuf oefoef&w dS ek ;f jrefjrefou G o f u G f xvkyv f u dk rf S xajrmufatmif jrifwwfygw,f/ taMumif;wpfcck jk yNyD; tcsed q f aJG er,fq&kd if rvkyjf zpfawmhbJ vGaJ csmo f mG ;wwfygw,f/ 'ghaMumifh jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu f .... ]aumif;rIuo k v kd t f vkyaf wGukd jrefjrefxufxuf jyKvyk f Muyg/ rdr&d UJ pdwu f kd raumif;rItukov kd af wGuae jrefjrefxuf xuf wm;jrpfvu kd Mf uyg/ aumif;rIuo k v kd f tvkyaf wGukd jznf; jznf;aES;aES; vkyaf eol&UJ pdw[ f m raumif;rIrmS yJ arGUavsmaf ysmyf u kd f wwfygw,f} vdYk rdeYfMum;awmfrcl yhJ gw,f/ b,favmufaumif;wJt h vkyu f ykd J vkyv f yk ?f qefYusib hf uf tzsuo f rm;qdw k m &Sw d wfpNrjJ zpfvYk?d b,foal wG b,fvykd J zsuf zsuf ud, k v f yk o f ifv h yk x f u kd w f hJ tvkyaf umif;awGukd bmtaMumif; aMumifrh S aemufrqkwb f J jrefjrefxufxuf oGuo f u G v f ufvuf vkyo f mG ;zdYk ta&;Bu;D ygw,f/ tJ'v D kd vkyEf ikd rf S vlyo D wJh vljzpfNy;D Ak'o ¨ moemeJY awGU&usK;d eyfygw,f .... vdYk ..../ tyÜrma'e orÜma'x/ «tifwmAsL;*sme,f? atmufwdkbm? 3? 2001»

128

t&Siq f E´ru d

■

0gwGif;rSmvnf;&SifjyKaumif;ygw,f/ &[ef;cHaumif;ygw,f/ 0gwGif;rSm&SifjyKvkdh?&[ef;cHvdkh bmtjypfrSrjzpfygbl;/ &SifjyKray;wJU&[ef; &[ef;cHray;wJU&[ef;om tjypfjzpfygw,f/ tmywfoifUygw,f/

■

jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif&JYomoemawmf[m qdk;olawGudkaumif;cGifUay;jyD; aumif;olawGudkaumif;oxuf aumif;cGifUay;xm;wJUrGefrGef jrwfjrwfomoemawmfMuD;qdkwmudk vHk;0rarUapcsifygbl;/ vlhtvTmwpfckck&JYrlydkifomoem r[kwfbl;qdkwmudk tNrJowdcsyfapcsifygw,f/ omoem0efxrf;&Sif&[ef;awGuvnf; b,folwpfOD;wpfa,muf&JYrS rlydkifr[kwfygbl;/

■

aumif;rIukodkvftvkyfqdkwm vkyfcsifpdwfxufxufoefoef&Sdwkef; jrefjrefoGufoGufxvkyfvdkufrS xajrmufatmifjrifwwfygw,f/ taMumif;wpfckckjyNyD; tcsdefqGJaer,fqdk&if rvkyfjzpfawmUbJ vGJacsmfoGm;wwfygw,f/ tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

129

t&Sifbk&m; .... oufowfvw G f pm;jcif;jzifh ukov kd &f Edik ?f r&Edik Ef iS hf t om;pm;jcif;jzifh tukov dk jf zpfEikd ?f rjzpfEikd w f t Ykd m; ajzMum;ay; yg&ef ½dak opGm avQmufxm;tyfygonfb&k m; ..../ AdkvfrI;rsKd;OD;? &efukefNrdKU/

'umrsK;d OD;a& .... jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu f y|mef;a'oemawmfMuD;rSm ]tpm;t pmuvnf; vlwpfa,mufukd ukov kd jf zpfatmif? odYkr[kwf tuk odv k jf zpfatmif aus;Zl;jyKEikd w f ,f} vdYk a[mMum;awmfrx l m;yg w,f/ ]Oyedó,ypöa,m} qdw k hJ y|mef;ypön;f &JU tzGirhf mS yg/ Oyedó,ypö,owåd (tm;Bu;D aomrS&D mtaMumif;w&m;pGr;f tif) eJY aus;Zl;jyKEikd w f ,fvYdk qdv k ykd gw,f/ tpm;tpmwpfcak Mumifh vlwpfa,mufrmS ukov kd pf w d f vnf; jzpfEikd o f vdk tukov kd pf w d v f nf; jzpfEikd yf gw,f/ ukov kd f pdwjf zpfatmif ESv;kH oGi;f Ny;D pm;&if ukov kd pf w d jf zpfEikd Nf y;D tukov kd f pdwjf zpfatmifEv S ;kH oGi;f NyD;pm;&if tukov dk pf w d jf zpfEikd yf gw,f/ tpm;tpmoufoufaMumifh ukov kd pf w d ?f tukov kd pf w d f jzpfwm r[kwyf gbl;/ tpm;tpmudk pm;oH;k ol&UJ ESv;kH oGi;f aMumifh om ukov kd pf w d ?f tukov kd pf w d f jzpf&wmyg/ tpm;tpmuawmh olYcsn;f oufouf ukov kd pf w d jf zpf atmifvnf; rpGr;f aqmifEikd o f vdk tukov dk pf w d jf zpfatmifvnf; tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

131

rzefw;D Edik yf gbl;/ oufowfvw G t f pm;tpmudk pm;vdu k v f Ykd tvkv d kd ae&if; ukov kd af wG &roGm;Edik o f vdk tom;ig;tpm;tpmudk pm; vdu k v f Ykv d nf; tvum;ae&if; tukov kd af wG jzpfroGm;Edik yf gbl;/ tpm;tpm[m tpm;tpmygyJ/ ukov kd ?f tukov kd [ f m ukov kd ?f tukov kd yf gyJ/ wjcm;pDyg/ wdu k ½f u dk yf wfoufjcif;r&Syd gbl;/ ]tpm;tpmu ukov kd ?f tukov kd f jzpfatmif aus;Zl;jyKEikd f w,f} qdw k mu tpm;tpmudk pm;oH;k aeol&UJ pm;oH;k aeqJrmS jzpf aewJh pdwt f ajctae&,f? tpm;tpmudk pm;oH;k NyD;aemuf pm;oH;k olrmS jzpfay:vmr,fh ½kyyf ikd ;f qdik &f m tusK;d oufa&mufr&I ,f? tJ'D ½kyyf ikd ;f qdik &f m tusK;d oufa&mufru I kd tajccHwhJ aemufqufwJG vky&f yfawG&,fukd &nf&, G Nf yD; ajymwmyg/ tpm;tpma&G;cs,rf I oufoufaMumifh ukov kd ?f tukov kd jf zpfw,fvYkd ajymwm r[kwf ygbl;/ oufowfvw G yf pJ m;pm;? oufowfrvGwyf pJ m;pm;? bm 0emwpfcck k yGm;&if; pm;&if ukov kd pf w d jf zpfNyD; ukov kd &f ygw,f/ bm0emwpfcck yk mG ;&if; pm;aeol&UJ oEÅmefrmS pm;aeqJtpm;tpm eJYywfoufNy;D ]aumif;vdu k w f m} qdw k ahJ vmb? ]raumif;bl;}qdw k hJ a'go jzpfciG rhf &wJt h wGuf tukov kd pf w d u f if;&Si;f aeygw,f/ rdrd yGm;wJh bm0emeJY vdu k af vsmnDaxGwhJ ukov kd pf w d jf zpfaewJt h wGuf tpmpm;&if; ukov kd &f aeygw,f/ oufowfvw G yf J pm;pm;? oufowfrvGwyf J pm;pm; 132

t&Siq f E´ru d

avmb? a'gopwJh udavomawGeYJ pm;ae&if tpmpm;&if; tuk odv k pf w d af wGjzpfNy;D tukov kd w f &m;awG wd;k yGm;aeygw,f/ ud, k f pm;aeqJ tpm;tpmeJYywfoufwhJ avmb? a'goyJjzpfjzpf? tpm pm;&if; olrsm;taMumif;? wjcm;taMumif;awG;vdYk jzpfvmwJh avm b? a'goyJjzpfjzpf? avmb? a'gorSeo f rQ tukov kd af wGcsn;f ygyJ/ vlwpfa,muf oufowfvw G f tpm;tpmwpfcu k kd pm; aew,fqykd gpdY/k ][,f ..? tom;wk[if;av;u&S,yf ?J tom;[if; tppfeYaJ wmif rvJEikd b f ;l ? aumif;vdu k w f m} qd&k if oufowfvw G f pm;&if; avmbudavomeJY tukov kd pf w d af wG jzpfaeygw,f/ ][Ge;f ....? 'DaeY oufowfvw G pf m;rSe;f od&ufom;eJY [if;udk aumif; aumif;csurf xm;bl;? wpfcgvm uefpeG ;f &Gu?f wpfcgvm yJyif ayguf? odypf w d n f pfwmyJ} qd&k if oufowfvw G pf m;&if; a'go udavomeJY tukov dk pf w d af wG jzpfaeygw,f/ ][if; ....[if;? igrdYv k Ykd oufowfvw G pf m;Edik w f m? [dak umif awG [dak umifrawG ighvkd oufowfvw G pf m;Edik w f mr[kwb f ;l } qd&k if oufowfvw G pf m;&if; rmeudavomeJY tukov kd pf w d af wG jzpfaeygw,f/ ]oufowfvw G pf m;rS arw책morm;? oufowf vGwpf m;wm ukov kd &f w,f? igawmh 'DaeY oufowfvw G pf m;vdYk ukov dk af wG awmfawmf&oGm;Ny}D qd&k if oufowfvw G pf m;&if; 'd|d udavomeJY tukov kd pf w d af wG jzpfaeygw,f/ tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

133

'gu tpm;tpmeJY wdu k ½f u kd yf wfoufwhJ tukov kd pf w d f awGyg/ oufowfvw G t f pm;tpmudk pm;ae&if; olrsm;taMumif; awG;NyD; avmb? a'go jzpfaer,f? wjcm;taMumif; awG;NyD; £óm? rpä&, d jzpfaer,fq&kd ifvnf; oufowfvw G pf m;&if; t ukov kd pf w d af wG wd;k yGm;aewmygyJ/ oufowfvw G t f pm;tpmudk pm;vku d ½f eHk YJ vlwpfa,muf [mtvkv d akd e&if; ukov kd &f roGm;ygbl;/ ukov kd pf w d ef YpJ m;rS ukov kd f &Edik yf gw,f/ ukov kd pf w d u f vnf; oufowfvw G t f pm;tpm aMumifh rjzpfEikd yf gbl;/ bm0emwpfcck yk mG ;rsm;jcif;? avmb? a'go pwJh udavomrjzpfatmif ESv;kH oGi;f qifjcifjcif;aMumifyh J jzpfEikd f ygw,f/ ]oufowfvw G pf m;wJt h vky[ f m ukov kd t f vkyyf }J ? ]ouf owfvw G pf m;&if ukov kd &f w,f} vdYk ,lq&if tJ't D ,ltq[m rdpmä 'd|d (rSm;,Gi;f wJt h jrif) ygyJ/ bmvdYkvq J adk wmh oufowfvw G f pm;½ko H ufoufeYJ ukov kd rf &Edik v f Yykd g/ oufoufvw G t f pm;tpm u pm;oH;k olukd tvdt k avsmuf ukov kd rf ay;Edik v f Ykdyg/ oufowfvw G t f pm;tpm pm;½keH YJ ukov kd &f w,fq&kd if oufowfvw G rf pm;wJo h al wG tpmpm;NyD; tcsKw d nf;wJt h aeeJY iSuaf ysmoD;? o&ufo;D pm;aewJt h csed rf mS vnf; ukov kd &f aerSmaygh/ t&uform;awG t&ufaomufae&if; tmvl;aBumf? ajryJavSmf jrnf;aewJh tcsed rf mS vnf; ukov kd &f aerSmaygh/ tJ'gawGtm;vH;k 134

t&Siq f E´ru d

oufowfvw G t f pm;tpmawGyJ r[kwv f m;/ oli,fcsi;f ig;a,muf xrif;0dik ;f zGUJ pm;Muw,f qdyk gpkYd/ wpfa,mufu oufowfvw G o f rm;? useaf v;a,mufu tpHk pm;orm;? oufowfvw G o f rm;u toD;t&Guaf wGyJ pm;w,f/ tpHpk m;orm;awGu toD;t&Guaf &m? om;ig;awGa&m pm;Mu w,f/ a&mufwwf&m&m [dt k aMumif;ajym? 'DtaMumif;ajym&if; wpfa,mufeYJwpfa,muf pMu? aemufMueJY waysmw f yg; pm;Mu w,f/ [if;csi;f awmh rwlMubl;/ pdwjf zpfaeyHck si;f awmh wlMu w,f/ pMuaemufMu? ajymMuqdMk ueJY waysmw f yg; pm;aeMuwm qdak wmh oli,fcsi;f ig;a,mufv;kH taysmpf w d af wG? avmbpdwaf wG jzpfaeMuwmaygh/ uJ ....oufowfvw G pf m;wJh oli,fcsi;f ukov kd f &a&mvm;/ tpHpk m;wJo h il ,fcsi;f awGyJ uGuNf y;D tukov kd jf zpfa&m vm;/ r[kwb f ;l aemf/ tm;vH;k twlwyl /J tukov kd t f aMumif;awG ajym&if; tukov kd pf w d af wGeYJ pm;&if oli,fcsi;f ig;a,mufv;kH tukov kd f twlwjl zpfygw,f/ ukov dk t f aMumif;awG ajym&if; ukov kd pf w d af wGeYJ pm;&if oli,fcsi;f ig;a,mufv;kH ukov kd f twlwjl zpfygw,f/ oufowfvw G o f rm; u tpHpk m;orm;awGxuf acgif;wpfv;kH ydjk rifNh y;D ukov dk yf rkd &ovdk tpHpk m;orm;awGuvnf; oufowfvw G o f rm;atmuf acgif;wpf vH;k ydek rd Nhf yD; tukov kd rf jzpfEikd yf gbl;/ tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

135

tpm;tpmrwlayr,fh pdwcf si;f wl&if ukov kd ?f tukov kd f jzpfyckH si;f twlwyl gyJ/ tpm;tpmwlayr,fh pdwcf si;f rwl&ifuo k v kd ?f tukov kd jf zpfyckH si;f uGjJ ym;ygw,f/ tpm;tpmu t"durusbJ pdwu f t"duusygw,f/ bmyJpm;pm;? ukov kd pf w d ef YJ pm;&if ukov kd jf zpfNyD; tukov kd pf w d ef YJ pm;&if tukov kd jf zpfygw,f/ oufowfvw G pf m;½keH YJ ukov kd rf &bl;qdw k mudk tar; tajzyHpk aH v;eJY wpfrsK;d ajymMunf&h atmifyg/ ]oufowfvw G pf m;wmeJY tom;ig;pm;wm? bmpm;wm u ukov dk &f vJ} ]oufowfvw G pf m;wmu ukov kd &f wmaygh} ]aumif;Ny?D 'gqdk xyfar;r,f? vdar®mo f ;D pm;wJo h el YJ yef;oD; pm;wJo h ?l b,fol ukov kd &f vJ} ]b,forl S ukov kd rf &bl;} ][if ....? ckeajymawmh oufowfvw G pf m;wm ukov kd &f w,fq?kd vdar®mo f ;D a&m yef;oD;a&m oufowfvw G af wGyJ r[kwf vm;? oufowfvw G pf m;wm ukov kd &f pwrf;qd&k if vdar®mo f ;D pm; ola&m? yef;oD;pm;olyg ESpaf ,mufv;kH ukov kd &f aerSmaygh} ][J .... [J.... 'guawmh ....} ]'Davmufqkd oabmaygufygw,faemf} oufowfvw G pf m;½keH YJ ukov kd rf &Edik o f vdk tom;ig;pm;½kH eJYvnf; tukov dk rf jzpfEikd yf gbl;/ tom;ig;pm;½keH YJ tukov kd jf zpf 136

t&Siq f E´ru d

w,fvYkd ,lq&if jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu f v kd nf; tukov kd pf w d jf zpfao; w,fvYkd pGypf &JG ma&mufygw,f/ bmvdYv k q J adk wmh jrwfpmG bk&m;&Sif u tom;ig;ukd bkO;f ay;awmfrv l YkdygyJ/ tom;ig;bkO;f ay;ayr,fh jrwfpmG bk&m;&JU oEÅmefrmS tuk okv d pf w d f vH;k 0rjzpfawmhygbl;/ bmvdYkvq J adk wmh tukov kd pf w d f jzpfapEkid w f hJ udavomawGukd t&[wÅr*feYJ t<uif;rJh y,fowf xm;NyD;jzpfvYkdyg/ 'gudk axmuf½jI cif;tm;jzifh ]tpm;tpmaMumifh ukov kd ?f tukov kd f jzpfwmr[kwb f ;l ? udavomy,fjcif;? ry,fjcif; aMumifo h m ukov kd ?f tukov kd f jzpfwm} qdw k m xif&mS ;ygw,f/ udavomy,fzYu kd akd wmh rBuKd ;pm;bJ tpm;tpmy,fzYu kd ykd J BuKd ;pm; aer,fq&kd ifawmh vrf;rSm;avQmufaewmjzpfwt hJ wGuf pcef;rSe?f yef;wdik rf eS u f kd b,fvekd nf;eJYrS ra&mufEikd af wmhygbl;/ ukov kd &f w,ftxifeYJ oufowfvw G pf m;aeolawGukd rd;k ukwq f &mawmfb&k m;BuD;u ]tawmf0#fBuD;wJo h al wGy}J vdYk u ½kPmoufawmfrcl zhJ ;l ovdk "r®'w l q&mawmfBu;D uvnf; ]0#fa<u; &Sv d Ykd tiwfcaH eMu&wm} vdYk oem;awmfrcl zhJ ;l ygw,f/ oufowf vGwf pm;olwikd ;f udk &nf&, G Nf yD; rdeYfawmfrMl uwm r[kwyf gbl;/ ukov kd &f w,ftxif? uHaumif;vdrrfh ,ftxifeYJ oufowfvw G f pm;aeMuolawGuo kd m &nf&, G Nf yD; rdeYfawmfrMl uwmyg/ 'umrsK;d OD;a& .... tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

137

pme,fZif;awGxu J tEkynm&Sirf sm;&JU tifwmAsL;tar; tajzawGrmS yJjzpfjzpf? jyifyavmurSm rdwaf qGtcsi;f csi;f awGUqHv k Ykd wpfa,mufeYJwpfa,muf ar;MuajymMuwJt h cgrSmyJjzpfjzpf .... ]bmoma&;taeeJY bmawGvyk jf zpfv}J qdw k ahJ r;cGe;f udk .... ]arG;aeYwikd ;f oufowfvw G pf m;jzpfygw,f} ]0gwGi;f oH;k vwdik ;f oufowfvw G pf m;ygw,f} vdYk ajzMum;Muwmudk rMumcP zwfz;l ? Mum;zl;ygw,f/ wu,fawmh oufowfvw G pf m;wm[m bmoma&; tvkyf r[kwyf gbl;/ wjcm;bmoma&;awG&UJ tvkyaf wmh [kwcf sif [kwyf gvdrrhf ,f/ ax&0g'Ak'b ¨ moma&;&JU tvkyu f awmh vH;k 0 r[kwyf gbl;/ ax&0g'Ak'b ¨ mom0ifwpfa,muf vkyo f ifv h yk x f u kd w f hJ ukov kd &f aMumif; tvkyaf wGxrJ mS oufowfvw G pf m;wJt h vkyf vH;k 0 rygygbl;/ ]oufowfvw G pf m;wJt h vky[ f m ukov kd t f vkyv f Ykd jrwfpmG bk&m; a[mMum;rxm;bl;}vdYk qdv k ykd gw,f/ ax&0g'Ak'b ¨ mom0ifwpfa,muf vkyo f ifv h yk x f u kd w f hJ ukov dk &f aMumif;tvkyaf wGu q,frsK;d &Syd gw,f/ pGeYfBuJay;urf; vSL'gef;jcif; 'getvky?f ud, k Ef w I v f eG u f sL;rIapmifx h ed ;f jcif; oDv tvky?f pdwaf umif;pdwjf rwfymG ;xHjk cif; bm0emtvky?f touf odum© *kP0f gBuD;olu½kd akd ojcif; typm,etvky?f ukov kd u f pd ö 138

t&Siq f E´ru d

ulnv D yk af qmifjcif; a0,sm0pötvky?f ud, k u hf o k v kd f olwpfyg; rQa0jcif; ywå'd getvky?f olwpfyg;ukov kd f ud, k f 0rf;ajrmufjcif; ywÅmEkarm'etvky?f olawmfaumif;w&m;emMum;jcif; "r®ó0e tvky?f olawmfaumif;w&m;a[majymjcif; "r®a'oemtvkyef YJ t,ltjrifajzmifrh eS jf cif; 'd|Zd u k r®tvkyw f Ykdjzpfygw,f/ tJ't D vkyq f ,frsK;d udk ]yknBu, d 0w¦Kq,fyg;} vdYk ac:yg w,f/ ]ukov kd v f v dk m;olwikd ;f jyKoifjh yKxu kd w f hJ csr;f ompD;yGm;awG&UJ wnf&mq,fyg;} vdYk qdv k ykd gw,f/ vd&k if;uawmh ]ukov kd &f aMumif; tvkyq f ,frsK;d } aygh/ tJ'D tvkyq f ,frsK;d xJu b,ftvkyu f ykd J vkyv f yk f ukov kd &f Edik yf gw,f/ wu,fvYkd oufowfvw G pf m;wJh tvky[ f m ukov kd &f aMumif;tvky?f ukov kd &f apEdik w f t hJ vkyq f &kd if yknBud,0w¦KawG xJrmS wpfyg;tjzpf jrwfpmG bk&m; xnfo h iG ;f a[mMum;awmfrcl rhJ mS yg/ oufowfvw G pf m;½keH YJ ukov dk rf &Edik v f Ykd jrwfpmG bk&m; a[m Mum;awmfrrlcw hJ mudk txl;owdjyK&ygr,f/ wpfacwfwpfcgwke;f u &[EÅmvdYk xif&mS ;ausmMf um;cJw h hJ ]bke;f awmfBu;D OD;oDv} [m oufowfvw G f bkO;f ay;wJq h &mawmf Bu;D wpfyg;jzpfygw,f/ bke;f awmfBu;D eJYtwlaeNy;D bke;f awmfBu;D vdk yJ oufowfvw G pf m;ygr,fvYkd avQmufxm;vmwJh &[ef;awmf wpfyg;udk q&mawmfBuD;u .... ]wdYkrsm; oufowfvw G pf m;aewmudk ukov kd jf zpf usiahf e tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

139

w,fvYkdrsm; rxifvu kd yf geJYu, G ?f oGm;emoufomvdYk pm;aewm yg} vdYk ½d;k ½d;k &Si;f &Si;f rdeYfMum;awmfrcl zhJ ;l ygw,f/ oufowfvw G pf m;jcif;udk ukov kd u f siphf Ofwpfc?k olawmf aumif;usiphf Ofwpfcv k Ykd rSm;,Gi;f pGm xifrw S , f q l oGm;rSmpd;k vdYk q&m awmfBuD;u yGiyhf iG v hf if;vif; rdeYfMum;awmfrv l u dk w f myg/ rSeyf gw,f/ oufowfvw G pf m;jcif;[m ukov kd u f siphf Of wpfcrk [kwo f vdk olawmfaumif;usiphf Ofwpfcv k nf; r[kwyf gbl;/ oufowfvw G pf m;jcif;aMumifh ukov kd v f nf; &roGm;Edik o f vdk ol awmfaumif;vnf; jzpfroGm;Ekid yf gbl;/ twdwf omoem0ifrmS a&m? ypöKyeÜ f omoem0ifrmS yg oufowfvw G b f Ok ;f ay;wJh q&mawmfBu;D awG &SMd uygw,f/ olwYkd [m ]ukov dk &f w,f} qdw k hJ cH,cl suef YJ oufowfvw G f bkO;f ay;Mu wm r[kwyf gbl;/ olwYkdrmS jzpfcw hJ ?hJ jzpfaewJh tema&m*gawGu tom;ig;eJY rwnfv h Ykd? olwYkd&UJ use;f rma&;u toD;t&Guef YJrS tqifajyvdYk tema&m*geJY use;f rma&;udk iJNh yD; oufowfvw G f bkO;f ay;awmfrMl uwmyg/ vlwpfa,mufeYJwpfa,muf cE¨muk, d af oG;om; wnf aqmufyckH si;f rwlnMD uwJt h wGuf cE¨mud, k u f awmif;qdw k hJ tm [m&vdt k yfcsucf si;f vnf; wpfa,mufeYw J pfa,muf rwlnMD uyg bl;/ wcsKUd u toD;t&Guaf vmufyJ pm;½keH YJ tm[m&rQwNy;D use;f 140

t&Siq f E´ru d

rmMuovd?k wcsKUd uawmh toD;t&Guaf &m? tom;ig;yg tpHpk m; rS tm[m&rQwNyD; use;f rmMuygw,f/ toD;t&Gupf m;½keH YJ use;f rma&;tqifajywJh olawGu toD;t&Guyf pJ m;Ny;D ]oufowfvw G o f rm;b0} cH,yl ikd cf iG &hf o dS vdk tpHpk m;rS use;f rma&;tqifajywJo h u l vnf; tpHpk m;NyD; ]tpHpk m; orm;b0} cH,yl ikd cf iG &hf ydS gw,f/ vlom;wdik ;f rSm ud, k pf m;vdw k hJ tpm; tpmudk vGwv f yfpmG a&G;cs,yf ikd cf iG &hf ydS gw,f/ ud, k Bf uKd u&f m ud, k f pm;wm vlYobm0yJ r[kwv f m;/ b,ftpm;tpmudyk J a&G;cs,af &G;cs,?f tm[m&rQwNyD; tema&m*guif;&Si;f zdYk? use;f rmzdYku t"duygyJ/ use;f rmrS tvkyf vkyEf ikd rf ,fr[kwv f m;/ use;f rmwJh cE¨mud, k ef YJ ukov kd t f vkyf vkyf &if ukov kd w f &m; wd;k yGm;NyD; tukov kd t f vkyv f yk &f if tukov kd f w&m; wd;k yGm;ygvdrrhf ,f/ 'gudk &nf&, G Nf y;D awmhyJ jrwfpmG bk&m;&Sif u ]tpm;tpmu ukov kd f okYrd [kw?f tukov kd jf zpfatmif aus;Zl; jyKw,f} vdYk rdeYfMum;awmfrcl w hJ myg/ tpm;tpmoufoufaMumifh ukov kd ?f tukov dk jf zpfw,fvYkd qdv k w kd mr[kwyf gbl;/ vlYpw d q f w kd muvnf; odyq f ef;Mu,fygw,f/ (qef; Mu,fvYkdvnf; pdwv f Ykdac:wmyg/ pdwf = pdwÅ = qef;Mu,faom t&m) wcsKUd u oufowfvw G pf m;rS ukov kd pf w d af rG;Edik Nf y;D ukov kd f tvkyv f yk Ef ikd yf gw,f/ ukov dk pf w d w f ikd ;f udak wmh r[kwyf gbl;/ wcsKUd ukov kd pf w d af wGuykd g/ tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

141

&uftuefYtowfeYJ oufowfvw G pf m;aewJh vli,f 'umwpfa,mufukd ]oufowfvw G pf m;wm bmtusK;d xl;vJ} vdYk ar;Munfah wmh .... ]oufowfvw G pf m;wm ig;yg;oDv vHw k ,f? ig ouf owfvw G pf m;aew,fqw kd hJ todeYJ jcifutp r½ku d jf zpfawmhb;l ? pum;udv k nf; vdrn f mNy;D rajymjzpfawmhb;l ? txl;ojzifh t&uf? bD,mvH;k 0raomufjzpfawmhb;l ? tom;ig;pm;cGirhf &awmh tjrnf; raumif;awmhvYkd? [J ....[J ....} vdYk &,f&,farmarm jyefajzcJyh gw,f/ olYtaeeJY tjrnf; raumif;vdYk t&uf? bD,m raomufjzpfayr,fh tmvl;aBumf? ajryJavSm?f tom;wkuif pwJh oufowfvw G f tjrnf;awGeYJ t&uf? bD,m aomufaeMuwJh oufowfvw G f t&uform;awG vnf; trsm;BuD; &Syd gw,f/ oufowfvw G f pm;NyD; umr*kPf azmufjyefaewJh 'koeaomawGvnf; 'keYJa';yg/ vlwpfa,muftwGuf oufowfvw G pf m;jcif;u ig;yg; oDv vHNk cHKatmif apmifx h ed ;f jzpfzYkd wGe;f tm;ay;ayr,fh wjcm;vl wpfa,muftwGuaf wmh tJ'v D kd jzpfcsirf jS zpfrmS yg/ oufowfvw G f pm;jyD; ig;yg;oDvrvHw k o hJ al wG trsm;BuD;&Syd gw,f/ b,fvykd jJ zpfjzpf oufowfvw G pf m;rS ukov kd pf w d af rG;Edik f NyD; ukov kd t f vkyv f yk jf zpfwo hJ al wGtaeeJY uk, d pf rG ;f Edik o f avmuf tcsed u f efYowfNyD; oufowfvw G pf m;wm obm0usygw,f/ 142

t&Siq f E´ru d

(rpm;&bl;vdYkrqdyk gbl;uG,/f ) oufowfvw G pf m;pm;? rpm;pm; ukov kd pf w d af rG;Edik w f o hJ ?l ukov kd t f vkyf vkyjf zpfwo hJ al wGuawmh ]oufowfvw G rf }S &,fvYkd a&G;cs,af cs;rsm; (*s;D rsm;) aep&mrvdb k J &&mtpm;tpmudk tqifoifo h vdk tukef pm;oH;k Edik yf gw,f/ bk&m;? &[EÅmawG? oDv? orm"d? ynmeJY jynfph w kH o hJ l awmfaumif;? oljrwfavmif;BuD;awG tom;ig; a&SmifMuOfawmf rrlMuwmudk Munfjh cif;tm;jzifh tom;ig; pm;½ko H ufoufeYJ tuk odv k f rjzpfEikd b f ;l qdw k m xif&mS ;NyD;om;yg/ tom;ig; a&Smifwm olawmfaumif; tusiv hf Ykd,q l &if rdpmä 'd|d jzpfaMumif; ]tmr*E¨ okweÅ }f rSm jrwfpmG bk&m; wdu k ½f u kd af [mMum;xm;ygw,f/ tom;ig; pm;½ko H ufoufeYJ tukov kd f rjzpfEikd b f ;l qdak y r,fh tJ't D om;ig;u aemufcH ordik ;f aMumif; raumif;bl;qd&k if awmh pm;oH;k olrmS tukov kd jf zpfEikd yf gw,f/ ]tpGe;f oH;k yg;} rvGwf wJh tom;ig;udk pm;oH;k &if pm;oH;k olrmS ygPmwdygwuHxu kd Nf yD; tukov kd jf zpfygw,f/ &[ef;awmfrsm;qd&k ifawmh ygPmwdygwuH xdu k ½f rHk u 'ku#ú t f mywfyg oifyh gw,f/ tpGe;f oH;k yg; qdw k muawmh ]jrifjcif;} ]Mum;jcif;} eJY ],Hk rSm;jcif;} wdYkygyJ/ ]'Dtom;ig;[m ightwGuf &nfp;l NyD; owfxm; wm? igpm;zdYk &nf&, G Nf yD; owfxm;wm} vdYkjrifc&hJ if? odYkr[kwf Mum;cJ&h if? odYkr[kwf ,Hrk mS ;oHo,jzpfc&hJ if tJ'D tom;ig;[m tpGe;f oH;k yg; (wpfyg;yg;) rvGww f hJ tom;ig; jzpfomG ;ygNy/D vH;k 0 tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

143

rpm;xdu k af wmhygbl;/ pm;&if tukov dk jf zpfygw,f/ vl0wfaMumifawGtaeeJY tpGe;f oH;k yg;vGw&f if b,ft om;ig;udrk qdk vGwv f yfpmG pm;oH;k Edik cf iG &hf adS yr,fh &[ef;awmfrsm; uawmh ]tom;Bu;D q,frsK;d } udk vH;k 0a&SmifMuOfawmfrMl u&ygw,f/ ra&SmifbJ pm;rd&if oufqikd &f m tmywfoifNh yD; tukov dk jf zpfyg w,f/ tom;BuD;q,frsK;d uawmh ]vl? acG;? jrif;? qif? usm;? usm;opf? jcaoF?h 0H? atmif;? a>r} wdYk&UJ tom;awGygyJ/ tom; udo k m rpm;aumif;wmr[kwyf gbl;/ olwYk&d UJ t½k;d ? ta&? taoG;? tarG; bmudrk S toH;k rjyKaumif;ygbl;/ (qifp, G yf w k ;D ? pyg;BuD; onf;ajcaq; ponfwYku d kd &[ef;awmfrsm; vH;k 0 roH;k aumif;yg) toH;k jyK&if tmywfoifNh y;D oH;k wdik ;f oH;k wdik ;f tukov kd w f &m; wd;k yGm;ygw,f/ oufowfvw G yf J pm;pm;? BuHK&m&&myJpm;pm;? ta&;t BuD;qH;k uawmh pdwaf umif;&Szd Ykd? olawmfaumif;tvkyf vkyEf ikd zf YkdeYJ b0oHo&m0#fqif;&Ju tNy;D wdik v f w G af jrmufzYykd gyJ/ ]BuKd u&f ma&G; pm; vlYiEGm;} rjzpfapbJ? ]oif&h mpm;ol vlYxufv}l jzpfapzdYku t"duygyJ ....'umrsK;d OD;a& ..../ tyÜrma'e orÜma'x/ «tifwmAsL;*sme,f? Edk0ifbm? 7ESifh 14? 2001» g

144

t&Siq f E´ru d

■

tpm;tpmuawmUolhcsnf;oufouf ukodkvfpdwfjzpfatmifvnf; rpGrf;aqmifEdkifovdk tukodkvfpdwfjzpfatmifvnf; rzefwD;Edkifygbl;/ oufowfvGwftpm;tpmudk pm;vdkufvdkhtvdkvdkae&if; ukodkvfawG&roGm;Edkifovdk tom;ig;tpm;tpmudk pm;vdkufvdkhvnf;tvum;ae&if; tukodkvfawGjzpfroGm;Edkifygbl;/

■

oufowfvGwftpm;tpm pm;½kHeJhukodkvf&w,fqdk&if oufowfvGwfrpm;wJUolawG tpmpm;NyD;tcsKdwnf;wJUtaeeJh iSufaysmoD;?o&ufoD;pm;aewJU tcsdefrSmvnf;ukodkvf&aerSmaygh/ t&uform;awGt&ufaomufae&if; tmvl;aMumf?ajryJavSmfjrnf;aewJU tcsdefrSmvnf;ukokdvf&aerSmaygU/

■

bk&m;?&[EåmawG?oDvorm"d ynmeJhjynfUpHkwJUolawmfaumif; oljrwfavmif;BuD;awG tom;ig;a&SmifMuOfawmfrrlMuwmudk MunfUjcif;tm;jzifUtom;ig; pm;½kHoufoufeJhtukodkvf rjzpfEdkifbl;qdkwmxif&Sm;NyD;om;yg/ tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

145

t&Sifbk&m; .... jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif[m 0ufom;bkOf;ay;vdkY 0rf;avQmNyD; y&deAd mÁ efp&H wmvdYk ajymMuygw,fb&k m;/ [kwf r[kwf ajzMum; ay;awmfryl gbk&m;/ OD;at;ouf? oxHkNrdKU/

'umBuD;OD;at;oufa& .... Ny;D cJw h hJ Zefe0g&Dv(9)&ufaeYu y&d,wÅpd moifwu kd w f pf ckrmS jyKvyk w f hJ OD;Zif;&JU arG;aeYtvSLyJu G kd ig;xyfurG ;f tu,f'rD 'um&efatmif a&mufvmcJyh gw,f/ jrefrmh½yk &f iS o f rdik ;f rSm wpfO;D wnf;om&Sad o;wJh trsK;d om;Zmwfaqmif tu,f'rDqik g;qk&iS f 'um&efatmifukd .... ]xrif;0ifpm;NyD;NyDvm;? 'um&efav;BudKuw f hJ 0ufom; [if;vnf; ygw,fav} vdYkajymawmh olu .... ]wynfah wmf tck 0ufom;a&Smifxm;w,fb&k m;? t&rf; 0aevdYk} vdYk &,f&,farmarm jyefajymygw,f/ cgwdik ;f 0ufom;pm;aeus a&Tyg&rDausmif;'umBuD; OD; &Sed 0f if;udv k nf; ck&ufyikd ;f 0ufom;a&SmifaewmawGUvdYk taMumif; &if; ar;Munfah wmh .... ]wynfah wmf cE¨mud, k x f rJ mS tqD"mwfawG odyrf sm;aevdYk a&Smifwmygbk&m;? rpm;rjzpfwhJ tajctaersK;d BuHK&ifawmh enf; tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

147

enf;yg;yg; pm;ygw,f} vdYk jyefajzygw,f/ ]vltrsK;d rsK;d pdwt f axGaxG} qdw k t hJ wdik ;f vlawG&UJ tBuKd uf uvnf; trsK;d rsK;d uGjJ ym;aeygw,f/ wpfO;D eJYwpfO;D tBudKucf si;f rwlnMD uygbl;/ 0ufom;BudKuw f v hJ l &So d vdk 0ufom;rBudKuw f hJ vlvnf; &Syd gw,f/ 0ufom;pm;½keH YJ tukov kd jf zpfroGm;ovdk 0uf om;a&Smif½eHk YJvnf; ukov kd &f roGm;ygbl;/ 0ufom;rBuKd uv f Ykd 0ufom;a&Smifoal wG&o dS vdk 0ufom; BuKd u&f ufom;eJY cE¨mud, k ef YJ rwnfv h Ykd 0ufom;a&Smifoal wGvnf;&Sd ygw,f/ 0rSmpd;k vdYk? tqDwufrmS pd;k vdYk? 0dwcf scsiv f Ykd 0ufom;a&Smif wm[m use;f rma&;oabmw&m;t& vkyo f ihv f yk x f u kd w f hJ tjyK trlawGygyJ/ jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu f vnf; ]ud, k ef YJrwnfw h ?hJ ud, k ef YJ oyÜg, rrQwwJh tpmtm[m&awGukd a&SmifMuOf&r,f} vdYk rdeYf Mum;awmfrx l m;ygw,f/ 0ufom;rBuKd uv f Ykd 0ufom;a&Smifox l uf 0ufom;BuKd uf &ufom;eJY cE¨mud, k ef YJrwnfv h Ykd 0ufom;a&Smifou l ykNd yD; cs;D rGr;f p&maumif;ygw,f/ ud, k phf w d u f , kd f xde;f csKyEf ikd v f Yykd g/ ud, k w fh PSm ud, k yf ,fowfEikd v f Yykd g/ rBuKd uv f Ykd a&Smifou l owd? ÓPfrygwJh twGuf bmukov kd rf S r&ayr,fh rwnfv h Ykd a&Smifou l awmh owd? ÓPfygwJt h wGuf txdu k t f avsmuf ukov kd &f ygw,f/ 0rSmpd;k &drw f m[m vScsiv f Ykd qd&k ifawmh vScsiw f phJ w d [ f m 148

t&Siq f E´ru d

wPSmavmbpdwjf zpfwt hJ wGuf 0ufom;a&Smifaecku d rf mS ukov kd f pdwrf jzpfawmhygbl;/ tqD"mwfrvGeu f b J J use;f rmaerS ukov kd f tvky?f aumif;rItvkyaf wG vkyNf y;D trsm;tusK;d ? omoemhtusK;d o,fy;kd Edik rf ,fqw kd hJ pdwef YJ 0ufom;a&Smif&ifawmh 0ufom;a&Smif wdik ;f ukov kd pf w d af wG w&dy&f yd f wd;k yGm;vmEdik yf gw,f/ bm tpm;tpmudyk J pm;pm;? bm tpm;tpmudyk J a&Smif a&Smif? &nf&, G cf surf eS zf Yk?d OD;wnfcsuaf umif;zdYk ta&;Bu;D ygw,f/ vScsi?f ycsi?f ajyjypfcsiw f m[m w&m;"r®½aI xmift h & tukov kd f vdYq k adk yr,fh avmu"r®½aI xmift h &uawmh vufcEH ikd pf &mobm0 usygao;w,f/ ]jrwfpmG bk&m; 0ufom;pm;vdYk y&deAd mÁ efp&H w,f? 'gaMumifh wdYk 0ufom;a&Smifw,f} qdw k muawmh avmu"r®½aI xmift h &yg vufcEH ikd pf &m bmrSr&Syd gbl;/ taMumif;jycsuf rcdik v f w kH hJ vky&f yf wpfc?k okYrd [kwf taMumif;jycsuf rvSywJh vky&f yfwpfcu k kd jrwfpmG bk&m;eJY ckw;Hk vkyNf yD; tumtuG,, f v l u kd w f mygyJ/ jrwfpmG bk&m; y&deAd mÁ efpw H mudk taMumif;jyNyD; 0ufom; a&SmifwJholawG[m wu,fpifppfuawmh ewfudk;uG,fvdkY? bm*kP d ;f nm*kP d ;f 0ifxm;vdYk 0ufom;a&SmifMuwJo h al wGyg/ ]wdYku;kd uG,w f ehJ wfu 0ufom;pm;wm rBudKuv f Ykd} ]wdYk*P dk ;f q&m? wdYk*P kd ;f bke;f BuD;u 0ufom;a&Smifcikd ;f vdYk} qdw k hJ taMumif;jycsuaf wGu rvSyawmh taMumif;jy tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

149

csuf vSyatmif jrwfpmG bk&m;udk ckw;Hk vkyf toH;k csvu kd w f mygyJ/ ]ewfu;dk uG,v f Ykd 0ufom;rpm;wmyg} ]b,f*P kd ;f 0ifxm;vdYk 0ufom;rpm;wmyg} vdYk ajzvdu k &f if ajzol&UJ ½d;k om;rItwGuf ajzolukd b,f olrS ruJ&h UJ Muygbl;/ ]½k;d om;vdu k w f m} qdNk y;D cs;D awmif cs;D rGr;f Muyg vdrOhf ;D r,f/ jrwfpmG bk&m;eJY udik w f yk Nf yD; ajzvdu k af wmh ajzol&UJ r½d;k om;rItwGuf ajzol[m &G&H mS pufqyk pf &m odyaf umif;oGm; ygw,f/ taMumif;&if;udk rodbJ vd&k mqGJ ajzxm;wmrdYk ajzol&UJ todÓPfenf;yg;rItwGuv f nf; ajzolukd oem;u½kPm ouf Mu&ygw,f/ jrwfpmG bk&m; y&deAd mÁ efpaH wmhrrl ,fah eYrmS yg0gNrdKUae a&T yef;xdro f nfom; pkEO´ ygoumu jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu f kd olY&UJ aetdrf udk yifNh yD; qGr;f qufuyfvyk af uR;ygw,f/ jrwfpmG bk&m; aemufq;kH bkO;f ay;awmfr&l wJh tJ'q D rG ;f auR; yGrJ mS txl;pDrcH sujf yKwx f m;wJh ]0ufysKo d m;[if;} ygygw,f/ rBu;D vGe;f ? ri,fveG ;f ? tv,ftvwfjzpfwhJ awm0ufysKw d pfaumif&UJ El;nho H rd af rGUwJh tom;awGukd [if;cwftarT;tBudKif pHv k ifpmG eJY teHYt&omtaumif;qH;k ? tqDMoZmtjynf0h qH;k jzpfatmif txl; pDrcH sujf yKwfxm;wmyg/ tJ'D 0ufysKo d m;[if;udk jrwfpmG bk&m;wpfyg;wnf;om bkO;f ay;awmfryl gw,f/ ewfawGu ewfMoZmxnfx h m;wJt h wGuf 150

t&Siq f E´ru d

jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu f vG&J if tJ'D 0ufysKo d m;[if;udk tpmaMuusuf atmif acscsuEf ikd w f o hJ l wpfavmuvH;k rSm wpfO;D wpfa,mufrS r&Sv d Ykyd g/ jrwfpmG bk&m; bkO;f ay;Ny;D wmeJY 0ufom;[if;useaf wGukd wGi;f wl;NyD; ajrjr§Kyyf pfvu kd &f ygw,f/ 0ufom;[if;yg0ifwhJ pkEO´ ygoum&JU qGr;f udk bkO;f ay;Ny;D rMumcifrmS yJ jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si&f UJ ud, k af wmfrmS aoavmufatmif jyif;xefwhJ ]0rf;aoG;oGeaf &m*g} Murf;wrf;pGm jzpfay:vmygw,f/ 0ufom;[if;bkO;f ay;vdYk 0rf;aoG;oGew f m r[kwyf gbl;/ twdwu f tukov kd u f w H pfct k usK;d ay;vdYk 0rf;aoG;oGew f myg/ yg&rDjznfph Of twdwb f 0wpfcw k ek ;f u jrwfpmG bk&m; tavmif;awmf[m aq;q&mjzpfczhJ ;l ygw,f/ a&m*gaysmuf&uf om;eJY aq;zd;k 0g;cray;csiv f Ykd ]a&m*graysmufao;bl;} ajymvmwJh olaX;om;wpfa,mufukd ]'gqdk a&m*gaysmufomG ;atmif 'Daq; av; aomufvu kd yf gOD;} qdNk yD; 0rf;avQmaq;awGukd a&m*gaysmuf aq;tjzpf vdrn f mwdu k af uR;cJzh ;l ygw,f/ aq;q&mb0wke;f u jyKvyk cf w hJ hJ tJ't D ukov kd u f u H y&deAd mÁ efpaH wmfrrl ,fah eYrmS tusK;d ay;csed u f sa&mufvmvdYk pkEO´ ygo um&JUqGr;f udk bkO;f ay;Ny;D rMumcifrmS tBu;D tus,f 0rf;awmfvm; &ygw,f/ pkEO´ ygoum&JU 0ufom;[if;yg0ifwq hJ rG ;f udk bkO;f ay;Ny;D csed ef YJwu kd q f ikd o f mG ;wJt h wGuf ]0ufom;pm;vdYk 0rf;awmfvm;wm} tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

151

vdYk ajymp&mjzpfomG ;wmyg/ wu,fvYkd tJ'aD eYrmS 0ufom;[if; r[kwb f J qdwo f m;[if;? Muufom;[if; bkO;f ay;r,fq&kd ifvnf; jrwfpmG bk&m; 0rf;awmfvm;rSmygyJ/ tom;ig;[if; vH;k 0 rygwJh toD;t&Gu[ f if;? oufowfvw G [ f if; bkO;f ay;r,fq&kd ifvnf; jrwfpmG bk&m; 0rf;awmfvm;rSmygyJ/ bm[if;eJYyJ bkO;f ay;bkO;f ay; 0rf;awmfvm;jcif;qdw k hJ tukov kd t f usK;d ay;uae b,fvekd nf;eJY rS rvGwaf jrmufEikd yf gbl;/ b,favmufuo k v kd t f iftm;Bu;D rm;wJo h yl jJ zpfjzpf rdrjd yK vkyx f m;wJh tukov dk u f w H pfcu k kd tusK;d ay;cGirhf &atmif wm;qD; Edik pf rG ;f r&Syd gbl;/ ukov kd u f u H ukov kd t f usK;d ay;Ny;D ? tukov dk u f H u tukov kd t f usK;d ay;ygw,f/ ud, k v f yk x f m;wJh tukov kd af wGukd tusK;d ray;atmif ukov kd ef YJ acszsucf siaf eolrsm; txl;owdjyKp&m yg/ bk&m;awmifrS r&wJu h pd ?ö ud, k u f bmvdYk &csiaf e&wmvJ/ jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siv f ufxufwek ;f u a0omvDNrdKUom; O*¾ olaX;qdw k m ]remy'ge = ESpo f ufjrwfE;kd zG,t f vSL} ay;vSLwJh ae&mrSm tomqH;k tjrwfq;kH {w'*fbUGJ &&So d jl zpfygw,f/ olY&UJ ESpo f ufjrwfE;kd zG,t f vSLawGxrJ mS jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu f kd qD;oD;eJY a&mcsux f m;wJh 0ufom;[if; vSLwJt h vSLvnf; yg0ifygw,f/ olvLS 'gef;wJh ]qD;oD;0ufom;csu}f udk jrwfpmG bk&m; tBudrBf udrf bkO;f ay;awmfrcl zhJ ;l ygw,f/ 'gayrJh 0rf;awmfrvm;cJyh gbl;/ ]jrwfpmG bk&m; 0ufom;pm;vdYk 0rf;awmfvm;NyD; y&deAd mÁ ef 152

t&Siq f E´ru d

pH&w,f? 'gaMumifh 0ufom;udk wpfoufv;kH a&Smif&r,f? 'grS r[kwf pGr;f Edik o f avmuf &uftuefYtowfeYJ a&Smif&r,f} qdw k hJ vrf;ñTecf su[ f m ewfu;kd uG,w f o hJ al wG? 0dZmÆ vdv k ?kd bd;k awmfvkd vdk *kdPf;q&mawG? *kdPf;bkef;BuD;awG&JU udk,fhtjypfudk,f zHk;uG,fwJh rvdrfhwpfywf vrf;ñTefcsuftrSm;BuD;qdkwm todÓPf&o dS w l ikd ;f odEikd Mf uygw,f/ ]0ufom;pm;&if ÓPfxikd ;f wwfw,f} vdYkvnf; wcsKUd u ajymMuygw,f/ jrefrmjynfu pma&;q&mwcsKUd rMumcP ud;k um;MuwJh w½kwaf wG;ac:ynm&SiBf uD;awG[m 0ufom;pm;wJh w½kwpf pfppfBuD;awGyg/ 0ufom;pm;wJh w½kwo f yd yHÜ nm&Siaf wG? w½kwrf [kww f o hJ yd yHÜ nm&Siaf wGvnf; 'keYJa';ygyJ/ odp&mtm;vH;k tuket f pifojd rifawmfrw l hJ jrwfpmG bk&m; &Si[ f m oAÁnKwÓPfawmf r&cifrmS a&m? &jy;D aemufrmS yg 0ufom; bkO;f ay;cJyh gw,f/ 'gayr,fh ÓPfrxdik ;f cJyh gbl;/ twkr&S?d twlr&Sw d hJ tEIid ;f rJÓ h PfawmfMuD;eJY owå0gtrsm;&JU avmuD? avmukw&Å m aumif;usK;d awGukd &Guaf qmifawmfrEl ikd cf yhJ gw,f/ vlwpfa,mufeYJwpfa,muf cE¨mud, k f aoG;om;wnf aqmufyckH si;f rwlnMD uwJt h wGuf vlwcsKUd udk 0ufom;u cE¨mud, k f av;vHxikd ;f rIid ;f rI jzpfapaumif; jzpfapEdik yf gvdrrfh ,f/ ud, k ef YrJ wnfh &if ud, k f a&Smifvu dk ½f yHk gyJ/ ] vlom;tm;vH;k eJY rwnf}h vdYkawmh Oya'o xkwzf Ykd vdrk ,frxifygbl;/ tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

153

]0ufom;a&SmifNyD; t"d|mef0if&if ydpk rG ;f w,f} vdYkvnf; 0dZmÆ vdv k ?kd bd;k awmfvv dk kd vdik ;f yl;aMumifawGu q&mBuD;vkyw f wf Muygao;w,f/ olwYkd wDxiG x f m;wJ?h olwYkd jzwfny§ u f yfvyk x f m; wJh usiphf OfawGukd bmrSrajymvdak yr,f?h jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si&f UJ ax& 0g'usiphf OfppfppfawGuawmh 0ufom;eJYrwnfw h u hJ siphf Of wpfcrk S r&Syd gbl;/ usiphf Ofom rSev f Ykduawmh 0ufom;pm;NyD;yJ usiu hf si?hf 0ufom;rpm;bJyJ usiu hf sihf tpGr;f xufyckH si;f twlwyl gyJ/ 'DaeYacwf pme,fZif;wcsKUd rSmygwJh ]b,faeYrmS 0ufom; a&SmifMuOfNyD; vd&k mqkawmif;yg}? ]0ufom;wk;H ay:rSm ud, k ehf mrnf a&;NyD; atmifNyD? atmifNyD vdYk a<u;aMumfyg}? ]arG;aeYrmS 0ufaygif ajcmufaBumfo;kH ckukd <uyf<uyftw d t f 0ga&mifeYJ xnfNh y;D tdwu f yf xJ aqmifxm;yg} .... qdw k hJ .... aygaMumifaMumif ,MwmawG? aygufu& taqmifawGuvnf; todÓPfenf;olawGukd t½l; jzpfatmifvyk w f hJ &,fp&m armp&m [moawGygyJ/ jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si[ f m 0ufom;pm;vdYk 0rf;awmfvm;&wm r[kww f t hJ jyif 0ufom;&JU tqDMoZmaMumifo h m yg0gNrdKUuae ukoed m½kt H xd (6) rdik cf &D;udk 0rf;aoG;oGeaf &m*g'Pf onf;cH&if; ajcusicf &D; <ucsED ikd cf w hJ mjzpfygw,f 'umBuD;OD;at;oufa&/ tyÜrma'e orÜma'x/ «tifwmAsL;*sme,f? azazmf0g&Dv? 20? 2000»

154

t&Siq f E´ru d

■

jrwfpGmbk&m;y&dedAÁmefpHwmudk

taMumif;jyjyD;0ufom;a&SmifwJUolawG[m wu,fpifppfuawmU ewfudk;uG,fvdkh bm*dkPf;nm*dkPf;0ifxm;vdkh 0ufom;a&SmifMuwJUolawGyg/ wdkhudk;uG,fwJUewfu 0ufom;pm;wmrMudKufvdkh wdkh*dkPf;q&m?wdkh*kdPf;bkef;BuD;u 0ufom;a&Smifcdkif;vdkhqdkwJU taMumif;jycsufawGu rvSyawmUtaMumif;jycsuf vSyatmifjrwfpGmbk&m;udk ckwHk;vkyftoHk;csvdkufwmygyJ/

■

0ufom;[if;bkOf;ay;vdkh

0rf;aoG;oGefwmr[kwfygbl;/ a&S;twdwfaq;q&mb0wkef;u a&m*gaysmuf&ufom;eJh aq;zdk;0g;cray;csifvdkh a&m*graysmufao;bl;ajymvmwJU olaX;om;wpfa,mufudk a&m*gaysmufoGm;atmif'Daq;av; xyfaomufvdkufygOD;qdkNyD; 0rf;avQmaq;awGvdrfnmwdkufauR;cJUwJU tukodkvfuHaMumifU0rf;aoG;oGefwmyg/ ■

jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif&JYax&0g'usifUpOf

ppfppfawGuawmU0ufom;eJhrwnfUwJU usifUpOfwpfckrSr&Sdygbl;/ tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

155

a&m*gaysmufcsiv f w Ykd &m;tm;xkww f m raumif;bl;vdq Yk v kd u kd jf cif;tm;jzifh jrwfpmG bk&m;[mraumif;wJt h vkyf nHzh si;f ao;odrw f t hJ vkyu f dk vkyw f ,fvq Ykd v kd u kd &f ma&mufygw,f/ a&m*gyJjzpfjzpf? bmyJjzpfjzpfxpfceJ&dS aA'if,Mwm"mwf½u kd "f mwfqifuykd J vJrG mS ;pGmtm;ud;k aeMuwJ'h aD cwfBu;D xJrmS w&m;tm;xkwjf cif;udt k m;ud;k vmwm[m rk'w d myGm;oifw h u hJ pd &ö yfBu;D wpfct k yg/ c

8.9.98 &ufaeYxw k f ay:jyLvm*sme,fxu J aqmif;yg; wpfy'k rf mS aqmif;yg;&Siu f ]] a&m*gaysmufcsiv f Ykd w&m;tm;xkwf wm raumif;aMumif;? a&m*gaysmufcsiv f Ykd w&m;tm;xkww f m[m w&m;udk ckw;kH vkyf toH;k cswmjzpfaMumif;? &dyo f mawGrmS a&m*g aysmufcsi&f if w&m;tm;xkwyf gvdYk rSm;,Gi;f pGm jr§LqG,af eMu aMumif;}} a&;om;xm;wmudk zwf½v I u kd &f ygw,f/ tJ'aD &;om;csuu f kd zwf½v I u kd &f awmh twdwu f zwfc?Jh rSwcf ?Jh Mum;emchzJ ;l whJ taMumif;t&mav;awG[m pma&;ol&UJ tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

157

tawG;tm½Hx k u J w kd pfcNk y;D wpfck pDumpOfum 0ifa&mufvmygw,f/ yxrqH;k 0ifa&mufvmwhJ taMumif;t&muawmh eE´ rif;om;wpfjzpfvJ t&Sief E´&UJ taMumif;yg/ t&Sief E´[m omoemhabmifukd oHo&mvGwzf Ykd? edAmÁ ef &zdYkqw kd Jh &nf&, G cf suef YJ 0ifa&mufvmol r[kwyf gbl;/ Zey' uvsmPDeYJ vufxyfyq JG ifEw JT aJh eYrmS jrwfpmG bk&m;u wdu k w f eG ;f vdYk jrwfpmG bk&m;udk ½dak onGwu f ikd ;f whpJ w d ef YJ 0ifa&mufvm&olyg/ o'¨gw&m;tppftrSeef YJ ouFe;f 0wfvmolr[kwaf wmh omoemhabmifrmS raysmyf gbl;/ Zey'uvsmPDuykd J wrf;wrf;w w owd&aeygw,f/ omoemhabmifrmS raysmaf rGUbJ NiD;aiGUpdwf ysuaf ewhJ t&Sief E´ukd jrwfpmG bk&m;u wm0wðomewfjynf ac: oGm;chyJ gw,f/ Zey'uvsmPDxuf tqaygif;rsm;pGm rEdiI ;f ,SOf omatmif vSywhJ ewforD;av;awGukd jrifawGU&awmh t&Sief E´ [m ewforD;av;awGukd vdck siw f pJh w d f jzpfvmygw,f/ ewforD;av;awG vdck si&f if w&m;tm;xkwyf g? w&m; tm;xkw&f if ewforD;av;awG &&aphr,fvYkd jrwfpmG bk&m;u tmrcHwu kd w f eG ;f vdu k af wmh t&Sief E´vnf; 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjzpf oGm;NyD; ewforD;vdck siw f pJh w d ef YJ w&m;tm;xkwaf wmfryl gw,f/ aemufyikd ;f rSm wjcm;&[ef;awmfrsm;u uh&J UJ Muwht J wGuf &nf&, G f csuaf jymif;oGm;NyD; tm;xkwv f u kd w f m rMumcifrmS yJ t&Sief E´ &[EÅmjzpfawmfro l mG ;ygw,f/ 158

t&Siq f E´ru d

t&Sief E´ w&m;tm;xkwjf cif;&JU rlv&nf&, G cf suu f ewf orD;&zdYkyg/ edAmÁ ef&zdYk r[kwyf gbl;/ ewforD;&vdrrhf ,fqw kd Jh arQmf vifch suo f m r&d&S if w&m;tm;xkwjf zpfrmS r[kwyf gbl;/ tpu wnf;urS w&m;tm;rxkwjf zpf&if &nf&, G cf suv f nf; ajymif;p&m r&d?S &[EÅmvnf; jzpfp&mr&dyS gbl;/ rlv&nf&, G cf suu f tqifeh rd ahf yr,fh w&m;tm;xkw&f if; eJY w&m;todÓPf &ifu h suo f mG ;&if &nf&, G cf suv f nf; tqifh jrifo h mG ;Edik yf gw,f/ vrf;qH;k &if &GmawGU&pNrJ jzpfovdk w&m;udk enf;rSev f rf;rSef tm;xkwaf e&ifvnf; bm&nf&, G cf suef YJyJ tm; xkwf tm;xkwf aemufq;kH rSm w&m;&JU t"duyef;wdik u f kd rvGrJ aoG qdu k af &mufomG ;rSmygyJ/ w&m;tm;xkwjf zpfzYked YJ w&m;tm;xkwyf kH enf;vrf;rSezf Ykdom ta&;BuD;ygw,f/ a&m*gaysmufcsi&f if w&m;tm;xkwyf gqdw k Jh wdu k w f eG ;f csuu f kd rSm;,Gi;f whJ jrL§ qG,rf v I Ykd pGypf cJG &Jh if ewforD;vdck si&f if w&m; tm;xkwyf gvdYk wdu k w f eG ;f chw J Jh jrwfpmG bk&m;udv k nf; trSm;jrL§ orm; BuD;vdYk vufñ;Id xd;k ½Iwcf s&m a&mufygw,f/ tawG;tm½Hx k J 0ifa&mufvmwhJ aemuftaMumif;t&m wpfcu k temxydPo f al X;BuD;&JUom; umV taMumif;yg/ tazu aomwmyefausmif;'umBuD; jzpfayr,fh om; umVuawmh bk&m;ausmif;vnf; roGm;? w&m;vnf; rem omref vlwpfa,mufvykd J arharhavsmah vsmh aeaeygw,f/ tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

159

wpfaeYawmh bk&m;ausmif;oGm;NyD; Oykoaf pmif?h w&m; em&if tojymwpf&may;r,fvYkd zcifoal X;Bu;D u ajymwht J wGuf tojymwpf&mvdck siw f pJh w d ef YJ bk&m;ausmif;oGm;? Oykoaf pmifch yJh g w,f/ w&m;awmh remchyJ gbl;/ awmf&mrSm tdyNf yD; jyefvmchyJ g w,f/ aemufwpfaeYrmS w&m;wpfy'k f rSwrf ad tmif emNyD; jyef ajymjyEdik &f if tojymwpfaxmif ay;r,fvYkd ajymjyefwt Jh wGuf tojymwpfaxmif &vdw k pJh w d ef YJ w&m;udk aocsmtm½Hpk u kd Nf yD; emygw,f/ w&m;em&if; w&m;em&if; w&m;t"dymÜ ,fukd xd;k xGi;f odjrifomG ;&mu w&m;em&if; w&m;tm;xkwv f u kd w f m aomwm yef wnfomG ;chyJ gw,f/ rlv&nf&, G cf suu f tojymwpfaxmif&zdYk? ydu k q f w H pf axmif&zdYkyg/ 'gayrJh aomwmywård *fÓPf? zdv k Ó f PfeYJ edAmÁ efukd rsuaf rSmufjyKoGm;Edik cf yJh gw,f/ rlv &nf&, G cf suu f rrSeaf yr,fh tvkyu f rSeaf e&if tvky&f UJ tusKd ;w&m;udk xdu k x f u kd w f efwef trSet f wdik ;f cHpm;& rSm rvGyJ gbl;/ uav;b0rSm rdbu ydu k q f aH y;r,fqv kd Ykd ydu k q f v H ckd sif pdwef YJ Oykoaf pmif?h w&m;xdik &f mu wjznf;jznf;eJY bmoma&;tod ÓPf&ifu h suNf y;D trSet f uef w&m;orm;jzpfvmwhJ vli,f? vl &G,?f vlBu;D awG rsuaf rSmufacwfrmS ra&rwGuEf ikd af tmif trsm;Bu;D 160

t&Siq f E´ru d

&dyS gw,f/ wcsKd U emrnfausmf q&mawmfBuD;? q&mawmfi,fawG? emrnfausmv f yl *k K¾dvaf wGvnf; txift&Sm;&dyS gw,f/ emrnfxw k f NyD;a&;&if um,uH&iS af wG rBudKurf mS pd;k vdYk emrnfawmh xkwaf zmf ra&;awmhygbl;/ q&mawmfBuD;wpfyg;qdk q&morm; rajzapcsiw f Jh t bd0o H pmar;yGu J kd ajzqdak tmifjrifNyD;rS q&morm; rBudKuw f m vkycf rJh w d t Jh wGuf aemifw&Ny;D pdwn f pfveG ;f vdYk pdwn f pfwmaysmuf atmifqNkd yD; &dyo f mBuD;wpfcrk mS 0ifa&muf w&m;tm;xkw&f mu w&m;awGUoGm;Ny;D &nf&, G cf suaf wG rSeo f mG ;vdu k w f m ckqkd jynfwiG ;f jynfy omoemjyK &dyo f mq&mawmfBuD;wpfyg; jzpfvYkdaeygNyD/ emrnfBuD;ump q&mawmfwpfyg;qd&k ifvnf; vlUb0 wke;f u tdyrf aysmw f t Jh wGuf tdyaf ysmaf tmifqw kd Jh &nf&, G cf suef YJ w&m;tm;xkwcf &Jh mu w&m;t&omawGUoGm;NyD; edAmÁ efuv kd nf; vdck si&f rSe;f odvm? bmomrhb J 0uaevnf; Ak'b ¨ mom0if jzpfvm wht J jyif ZeD;? orD;wdYkukd pGeYfNyD; &[ef;b0udyk g wufvrS ;f Edik cf yJh g w,f/ urÇmausmf 0dyóemq&mBuD; wpfa,mufq&kd ifvnf; acgif;wpfjcrf;udu k w f aJh &m*g aysmufcsiv f Ykd w&m;tm;xkw&f mu w&m;vrf;rSef a&mufomG ;vdu k w f m ckqkd ½kyef mrf'u k c© sKyNf idr;f a&;? edAmÁ efrsuaf rSmufjyKa&; w&m;awGukd urÇmtESYH wGiw f iG u f s,u f s,f tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

161

BuD; a[majymvdYkaeygNyD/ 'Dvkd &nf&, G cf suf ajymif;vJreS u f efomG ;olawGtaMumif; udk ajymjy? a&;jyvdYkawmif ukeEf ikd zf , G rf &dyS gbl;/ a&m*gaysmufcsif vdYk w&m;tm;xkw&f muae w&m;t&om awGUoGm;NyD; r*fzv kd f edAmÁ ef OD;wnfcsuef YJ pGpJ NJG rJNrJ w&m;tm;xkwaf eolawG 'keYJa';yg/ bmjzpfcsiv f Yk?d nmjzpfcsiv f Ykq d w kd Jh avmuDtusKd ;udk arQmf ud;k NyD; w&m;tm;xkww f mudk rqdx k m;eJY? bmtusKd ;udrk S rvdck sif bJ? tusKd ;&vdrrhf ,fvYkdvnf; r,HMk unfbJ vlraI &;t& rvky&f if raumif;wwfvYkd tm;emyg;emeJY vkyv f u kd rf w d Jh bmoma&;tvkyf uawmif arQmv f ifrh xm;whJ tusKd ;w&m;BuD;udk jzpfymG ;apchw J Jh om"u yd#uwfawmfrmS txift&Sm; &dcS yJh gw,f/ om0w¬Nd rdKUu ol&rÁ|qdw k Jh olaX;wpfa,muf[m om oemywdwad¬ wGukd tvkyt f auR;jyKaewhJ rdpmä 'd|w d pfa,muf jzpf ygw,f/ wpfaeYawmh olU&JU tdrw f cH g;0rSm jrwfpmG bk&m; qGr;f cH vm&yfygw,f/ Ak'b ¨ mom0if r[kww f t Jh wGuf uefawmhqrG ;f avmif;vdu k &f if &ayr,fh ol&rÁ|u tJ'v D kd rvkyyf gbl;/ ]&[ef;a*gwr[m rif;rsKd ;rif;EG,u f qif;oufvmolrYkd trsKd ;jrwfojl zpfw,f/ avmurSmvnf; bk&m;&,fvYkd tvGex f if &Sm;ausmMf um;oljzpfw,f/ 'Dvykd *k K¾dvw f pfa,mufukd oGm;rawGUvdYk roifah wmfygbl;av} vdYk pOf;pm;awG;awmNyD; ol&rÁ|[m jrwfpmG bk&m;udk oGm;awGU&dcS ;kd ½Hrk u tdrx f yJ ifNh yD; qGr;f qufuyfvyk af uR; 162

t&Siq f E´ru d

ygw,f/ qGr;f pm;tNyD; jrwfpmG bk&m;a[mMum;whw J &m;udk em& wht J cg w&m;tqH;k rSm aomwmyefjzpfomG ;chyJ gw,f/ aemuf awmh omoemawmfukd ÓPfouf0ifNyD; rwkerf vIyMf unfnKd wJh ae&mrSm tomqH;k ? tjrwfq;kH ? {w'*f&mxl;udak wmif qGwcf ;l &&dcS yJh gw,f/ vlraI &;0wå&m;ausyeG af tmifqw kd Jh &nf&, G cf suef YJ vkyf vdu k w f Jh w&m;tvkyu f aomwmywård *fzv kd ef YJ edAmÁ efukd rsuf arSmufjyKEikd o f nftxd aus;Zl;jyKomG ;chw J m[m tHMh op&mraumif; bl;vm;/ 'g[m rSeu f efwJh w&m;awmf&UJ obm0pGr;f &nfowdyå g/ w&m;u rSeaf e&if bm&nf&, G cf suef YJyv J yk v f yk f tusKd ;w&m;rSef rSmygyJ/ w&m;tm;xkww f aJh e&mrSm a&m*gaysmuf½?kH pdwcf sr;f om ½Hak v;eJY auseyfraeMueJY? r*fzv kd ef Ad mÁ ef&onftxd? &[EÅmjzpf onftxd tm;xkwyf gvdYk ½d;k ½d;k av; wdu k w f eG ;f vdu k &f if rSev f nf; rSeyf gw,f/ tjypfvnf; uif;ygw,f/ ckawmh w&m;tm;xkwzf Ykd wdu k w f eG ;f olawGukd ]]rSm;,Gi;f }} qdw k Jh pum;vH;k ? ]]jr§LqG,}f }qdw k Jh pum;vH;k awGeYJ pGypf yJG w k cf wfvmvdYk 'Dpmav;eJY tusO;f csKyf ajz &Si;f jyvdu k &f ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh w&m;tm;xkwcf sio f al wGuakd &m? w&m;tm; xkwaf eolawGuykd g ]]bm&nf&, G cf suef YJyJ w&m; tm;xkwt f m; tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

163

xkw?f w&m;udk tm;xkwyf g? tm;xkwjf zpfzYkdeYJ tm;xkwef nf; rSeu f efzYkdom t"duyg}} vdYk av;av;eufeuf ajymcsiyf gw,f/ wu,fawmhvnf; a&m*gaysmufatmif w&m;tm;xkwf ygqdw k Jh wdu k w f eG ;f csu[ f m jrwfpmG bk&m;pum;awmfeYJ rqefY usiyf gbl;/ r[mowdy|meokweå rf mS jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu f tusKd ; w&m;ckepfyg;&zdYk owdy|mef0yd óemw&m; tm;xkwyf gvdYk wdu k f wGe;f awmfryl gw,f/ tusKd ;w&m; ckepfyg;u r*fzv kd ef Ad mÁ efoufouf r[kwf ygbl;/ pdwpf ifMu,fzYkd? pd;k &dryf al qG;rI, idak <u;rI vGeaf jrmufzYkdeYJ ud, k q f if;&Jr,I pdwq f if;&JrI csKyNf idr;f zdYkvnf; ygygw,f/ a&m*g aysmufatmif w&m;tm;xkwyf gqdw k Jh pum;[m ud, k q f if;&J? pdwf qif;&J csKyNf ird ;f atmif w&m;tm;xkwyf g ('kua© 'greómeH tw¬*F rm,) qdw k Jh jrwfpmG bk&m;pum;awmfeYJ wpfxyfwnf;ygyJ/ 'ghaMumifh a&m*gaysmufatmif w&m;tm;xkwyf gqdw k Jh wdu k w f eG ;f csuu f kd rSm;,Gi;f pGm jr§LqG,rf v I Ykd pGypf cJG &Jh if jrwfpmG bk&m;udv k nf; rSm;,Gi;f pGm jr§LqG,o f v l Ykd pGypf &JG ma&mufygw,f/ a&m*gaysmufcsiv f Ykd w&m;tm;xkww f m raumif;bl;vdYk qdv k u kd w f m[m a&m*gaysmufzYkd &nf&, G cf suw f pfcw k nf;eJY w&m; tm;xkwcf sio f ?l w&m;tm;xkwaf eolukd tm;rxkwef YJvYkd wm; jrpfyw d yf ifvu kd w f mygyJ/ 'g[m "r®E&Å m,fjzpfygw,f/ avmutvkyaf wGxrJ mS w&m;tm;xkww f Jh tvky[ f m 164

t&Siq f E´ru d

taumif;qH;k tvkyjf zpfygw,f/ a&m*gaysmufzYkd vky&f r,fh tvkyf awGtrsm;BuD;&Sw d t Jh xJu taumif;qH;k tvkyjf zpfwhJ w&m;tm; xkwjf cif;udk a&G;cs,v f u kd w f m[m BudKqpdk &m tjyKoabmwpf ckygyJ/ xrif;[m bm&nf&, G cf suef YJyJ pm;pm;? pm;olukd Adu k f jynfah p? tm;&Sad prSmjzpfovdk w&m;[mvnf; bm&nf&, G cf suef YyJ J tm;xkwt f m;xkw?f tm;xkwo f u l kd Nidr;f at;ap? vGwaf jrmufap rSm aocsmygw,f/ w&m;udk w&m;eJYwal tmif tm;xkwzf Ykdawmh vdw k maygh/ ab;vltxifBu;D atmifqNkd y;D w&m;oabm ESv;kH roGi;f bJeYJ ikwf wkwx f ikd af e½ko H ufoufeYJawmh bmrS tusK;d rxl;Ekid b f ;l aygh/ 'g awmif um,uHxed ;f csKyrf &I UJ toD;tyGiu hf kd tenf;eJYtrsm; cHpm; Ekid yf gao;w,f/ a&m*gaysmufcsiv f Yykd jJ zpfjzpf? edAmÁ efvckd siv f Yykd jJ zpfjzpf w&m; tm;xkwNf yq D &kd ifawmh owd? orm"d? ynm tp&Sw d hJ aAmZÑiw f &m; awG? aAm"dyu©, d w&m;awG[m tm;xkwrf t I vdu k ?f yg&rDtvdu k f jzpfay:vmawmhwmygyJ/ a&m*gaysmufw,fqw kd muvnf; tJ'w D &m;awG&UJ tpGr;f owåad Mumifh aysmufwmyg/ a&m*gaysmufcsiw f ,fqw kd m[m tJ'D aAmZÑiw f &m;?aAm"dyu©, d w&m;awG jzpfcsiw f ,fqw kd hJ t"dygÜ ,f ygyJ/ tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

165

xef;vsu[ f m csKcd siv f Ykd pm;olawGtwGuv f nf; csKo d vdk tpmaMucsiv f Ykd pm;olawGtwGuv f nf; csKyd gw,f/ a&m*gaysmufcsiv f Ykd w&m;tm;xkww f mudk w&m;udk ckw;kH vkyf toH;k csw,fvYkd uJ&h UJ vdu k w f m[m aAmZÑio f w k o f rdik ;f aMumif;xJu jrwfpmG bk&m;eJY &[EÅm t&Sijf rwfBuD;awGuv kd nf; uJ&h UJ vdu k w f mygyJ/ t&Sirf [marm*¾vmefeYJ t&Sirf [muóy ruse;f rrm a&m*gpJu G yfaewke;f u jrwfpmG bk&m;ud, k af wmfwikd f a&m*gaysmuf atmif aAmZÑio f w k f &Gwaf y;cJv h Ykd a&m*gaysmufomG ;cJyh gw,f/ jrwfpmG bk&m; ud, k af wmfwikd f ruse;f rrm a&m*gjyif;xefwek ;f u vnf; t&Sipf Ek u ´ kd jrwfpmG bk&m; ud, k af wmfwikd f a&m*gaysmufatmif aAmZÑio f w k &f w G af y;zdYk rdeYfawmfrcl yhJ gw,f/ t&Sipf Ek u ´ &Gwaf y;vdYk jrwfpmG bk&m; a&m*gaysmufawmfrcl yhJ gw,f/ aAmZÑio f w k ef m,lw,fqw kd m[m aAmZÑiw f &m;awG jzpf yGm;vmatmif w&m;tm;xkww f mygyJ/ jrwfpmG bk&m;xH;k ESv;kH rlNy;D a&m*gaysmufcsiv f Ykd w&m;tm;xkww f m[m jrwfpmG bk&m;vrf;pOf vdu k w f mygyJ/ 'Dvrf;pOfukd uJ&h UJ vdu k w f m[m jrwfpmG bk&m;udv k nf; w&m;udk ckw;kH vkyf toH;k csw,fvYkd uJ&h UJ vdu k w f mygyJ/ a&m*gaysmufcsiv f Ykd w&m;tm;xkww f m raumif;bl;vdYk qdv k u kd jf cif;tm;jzifh jrwfpmG bk&m;[m raumif;wJt h vky?f nHzh si;f ao;odrw f t hJ vkyu f kd vkyw f ,fvYkd qdv k u dk &f ma&mufygw,f/ 166

t&Siq f E´ru d

a&m*gyJjzpfjzpf? bmyJjzpfjzpf xpfueJ&dS aA'if? ,Mwm? "mwf½u dk "f mwfqifuykd J vGrJ mS ;pGm tm;ud;k aeMuwJh 'DacwfBuD;xJ rSm w&m;tm;xkwjf cif;udk tm;ud;k vmwm[m rk'w d myGm;oifw h hJ udp&ö yfBuD;wpfcyk g/ trsK;d orD;tqdak wmfwpfO;D u &dyo f mq&mawmfBuD;wpf yg;udk olr atmifjrifausmMf um;atmif bmvky&f rvJvYkd ar; avQmufawmh q&mawmfBu;D u 0dyóemw&m;tm;xkwyf gvdYk rdeYf awmfrv l u kd yf gw,f/ tEkynmavmurSm atmifjrifausmMf um;atmifqw kd &hJ nf &G,cf suef YJrsm; tEkynmorm;tm;vH;k w&m;tm;xkwMf ur,fqkd &if pma&;oluawmh w&m;tm;xkwo f Ol ;D a& wd;k yGm;vmwmudk 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om BuKd qakd erSmygyJ/ rkq;kd pkid o f ifqw kd mvdk w&m;u vludk oifomG ;rSmrdYk 'Dvkd &nf&, G cf suef YJ w&m;tm;xkww f mudk raumif;bl;vdYk pma&;oluawmh b,fawmhrS ruefYuu G yf gbl;/ 'ghaMumifh xyfNyD; ajymcsiw f mu]] bm&nf&, G cf suef YJyJ tm;xkwf tm;xkw?f w&m;tm;xkww f m aumif;ygw,f? tm; xkwyf g? t[kww f u,f tm;xkwjf zpfzYekd YJ tm;xkwyf ekH nf;vrf;rSef zdYkom ta&;BuD;ygw,f}} ]] a&m*gaysmufcsiv f Ykd w&m;tm;xkww f mvnf; aumif;yg w,f/ pD;yGm;a&;? vlraI &; tqifajywd;k wufcsiv f Ykd w&m;tm; xkww f mvnf; aumif;ygw,f/ pdw"f mwfcikd rf m Nird ;f csr;f Ny;D pdwaf e tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

167

oabmxm; BuD;us,f jrifjh rwfcsiv f Ykd w&m;tm;xkww f mvnf; aumif;ygw,f/ cE¨mZmwford ;f 'kuN© ird ;f csiv f Ykd w&m;tm;xkww f m uawmh taumif;qH;k ygyJ/}} Ak'b ¨ mom0ifawGxu J bmoma&;todÓPf Eke,fao; olawGukd wjznf;jznf;&ifu h suv f matmif qJaG c:&r,ft h pm; tod ÓPf½yI af xG;Ny;D Za0Z0gxifa,mifxifrmS ;jzpfatmif tmCmweJY yGv J eS Yfaewmuawmh vH;k 0 roifah wmfb;l vdYk xifygw,f/ q&mawmf? orm;awmfawGuvnf; &nf&, G cf suef rd ahf eol awGukd jrifv h matmif arwåm? u½kPmeJY wjznf;jznf;csi;f qJaG c: jr§iw hf ifaeMuwmyg/ £ómrpä&, d tjrifeYJ tNrJ Munfw h wfoal wGtwGuf t&m&mwdik ;f [m tqd;k awG? tjypfawGcsn;f jzpfaerSmyg/ t&m&m udk a,medaomreodum&tjrifeYJ rSerf eS u f efuef em;vnf ESv;kH oGi;f wwfjcif;uom wu,fo h al wmfaumif;pdwx f m; jzpfygw,f/ tyÜrma'e orÜma'x/

t&Siq f E´m"du(a&Tyg&rDawm&) 9 - 9 - 98

P «10-11-98&ufaeYxkwfay:jyLvm*sme,frS»

168

t&Siq f E´ru d

■

a&m*gaysmufcsifvdkhw&m;tm;xkwfwm raumif;bl;vdkhqdkvdkufwm[m a&m*gaysmufzdkh&nf&G,fcsuf wpfckwnf;eJhw&m;tm;xkwfcsifol w&m;tm;xkwfaeoludk tm;rxkwfeJhvdkh wm;jrpfydwfyifvdkufwmygyJ/ 'g[m"r®Eå&m,fjzpfygw,f/

■

avmutvkyfawGxJrSm w&m;tm;xkwfwJUtvkyf[m taumif;qHk;tvkyfjzpfygw,f/ a&m*gaysmufzkdhvkyf&r,fU tvkyfawGtrsm;BuD;&SdwJUtxJu taumif;qHk;tvkyfjzpfwJU w&m;tm;xkwfjcif;udk a&G;cs,fvdkufwm[m BudKqdkp&mtjyKoabmwpfckygyJ/

■

a&m*gaysmufcsifvdkhw&m; tm;xkwfwmvnf;aumif;ygw,f/ pD;yGm;a&;?vlrIa&;tqifajy wdk;wufcsifvdkhw&m; tm;xkwfwmvnf;aumif;ygw,f/ pdwf"mwfcdkifrmNidrf;csrf;NyD; pdwfaeoabmxm;BuD;us,f jrifUjrwfcsifvdkhw&m; tm;xkwfwmvnf;aumif;ygw,f/ cE¨mZmwfodrf;'ku©Nidrf;csifvdkhw&m; tm;xkwfwmuawmUtaumif;qHk;ygyJ/ tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

169

170

■

trsm;eJha&maESmNyD;ae&ifudk,fUpdwfeJh udk,fUudk,fjzpfzdkhodyfrvG,fbl;/ trsm;tm;jzifUolrsm;pdwfeJh udk,fUudk,fjzpfae&wmrsm;w,f/ tm;emrIawG?iJUn§maxmufxm;&rIawGeJh b0[mvGwfvyfrIr&SdawmUbl;/ olrsm;qE´udkjznfUjznfUay;ae&wmeJh udk,fU&JYwu,fUudk,fydkifqE´awG[m wjznf;jznf;eJhaemufudk a&mufa&mufoGm;&w,f/

■

vrif;BuD;&JYb0udkodyftm;usw,f/ vrif;BuD;[mavmuvlom;awGudk tat;"mwfeJhtvif;"mwf ay;NyD;aus;Zl;jyKw,f/ 'gayr,fh avmuvlom;awGeJh vdrf;usHuyfNidjcif;r&Sdbl;/ a0;a0;rSmyJoD;oefhaew,f/ arwÅmtat;"mwfeJhtodÚmPf tvif;"mwfay;NyD;a0;a0;uae aus;Zl;jyKae&wJUvlom;vrif; b0rsKd;udkydkNyD;vdkvm;ygw,f/

■

bmoma&;qdkwmtqifUtwef; &SdwJUvlom;wdkif;?tqifUtwef; &SdvdkwJUvlom;wdkif;twGuf r&SdrjzpfvdktyfwJU ta&;BuD;qHk;t&mwpfckjzpfygw,f/ t&Siq f E´ru d

rEdik 0f efurkd oyfr&yfxrf;Ny;D pdwyf ifyef;qif;&Jaer,ht f pm; ud, k Ef ikd w f 0hJ efuo kd yfoyf&yf&yfxrf;Ny;D pdwaf useyfcsr;f omae&wmu ydak umif;r,fxifwmav.../

t&SifqE´m"duESifUawGYqHkjcif; ('kwd,ydkif;) ]t&Sifbk&m; "r®pmayawG a&;om;&jcif;&JU &nf&G,f csufav; odyg&apbk&m;} ]vlom;wdik ;f &JU ESv;kH om;rSm jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si&f UJ w&m; tqH;k trawG pdr0hf ifysUH ESo YH mG ;apcsiw f hJ &nf&, G cf suef YJ "r®pmay awG a&;om;aewmyg/ rodao;wJt h aMumif;t&mawG odatmif? odNy;D om;taMumif;t&mawG xyfrH ESv;kH oGi;f jzpfNy;D av;av; eufeuf &Si;f &Si;f vif;vif; odatmifqw kd hJ arwåmapwem tjynfh t0eJY a&;aewmyg/ t&rf;udk odae? wwfaewJh ]q&mBu;D }awGtwGuf r&nf &G,fygbl;/ igrSigvdkY txifa&muf? b0ifarmufaewJh ]b0if tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

171

Mu;D }awGtwGuv f nf; r&nfp;l ygbl;/ ½d;k ½d;k om;om; odcsio f al wG? BuKd ;BuKd ;pm;pm; tm;xkwf csio f al wG odEikd Mf uygap? tm;xkwEf ikd Mf uygapqdw k hJ &nf&, G cf suf oefo Y efaY v;eJyY J "r®pmayawG a&;om;aeygw,f/ ]vlom;wdik ;f } qdw k t hJ xJrmS OD;Zif;vnf;wpfa,muftyg t0ifygyJ/ OD;Zif;vnf; OD;Zif;pmtkyaf wG&UJ pmzwfy&dowfwpf a,mufyg/ ud, k b hf ufu jynfph v kH eG ;f vdYk pmawG a&;aewm r[kwf ygbl;/ ud, k v f nf; zwfz?Ykd zwfNy;D jynfph akH tmifusio hf ;kH zdYk a&;aewm yg/ q&mBu;D vkyw f m r[kwyf gbl;/ ud, k af &;wJph mawGu olwpfyg;udk &ifu h suo f mG ;atmif rpGr;f aqmifEikd af wmif ud, k u hf , kd u f , kd af wmh &ifu h suaf tmif pGr;f aqmifomG ;vdrrhf ,fvYkd ,HMk unfygw,f/ ]ud, k u f olu Y kd qH;k rwm r[kw?f bk&m;u ud, k u hf kd qH;k raewm} vdYk ud, k af &;wJph mawG tay: tNrJ ESv;kH oGi;f ygw,f/ ud, k u hf , kd u f , kd f pma&;Ny;D qH;k rae wmvdYk ajym&if rrSm;ygbl;/ rvdkvm;ol wcsdKUu OD;Zif;pma&;aewmudk xifay: ausmMf um;csiv f Ykd a&;aewmvdYk pGypf u JG &hJ UJ Muygw,f/ ud, k phf w d ef YJ EIid ;f Ny;D ajymaeMuwmrdYk ajymMuygap/ Mum;-Mum;w,fvYkd ½Irw S f aevdu k ½f ykH gyJ/ ]'gqdk t&Sifbk&m; pma&;aewmudk uJh&JU½IwfcswJholu &Sdaewmayghbk&m;} ]aMomf....'umBu;D &,f? b,favmuf aumif;wJt h 172

t&Siq f E´ru d

vkyfudkyJvkyfvkyf? uJh&JU½Iwfcsr,fholawG? a0zeftjypfajymr,fh olawG qdw k muawmh tqifoif&h adS eMupNryJ aJ v/ rqef;ygbl;/ bk&m;&Siaf wmifrS uif;cJw h mrS r[kwb f /J OD;Zif;wdv Yk kd omrefvl awGuawmh rajymeJaY wmhaygh} ]ausmfMum;rIeJY uJh&JUrItay: t&Sifbk&m; b,fvdk ESvHk; oGif;ygovJ bk&m;} ]wu,fawmh OD;Zif;&JU ywf0ef;usirf mS ausmMf um;rIqkd wm r&Syd gbl;/ opfyifawmawmifawG? a&wHceG f pdrphf rf;awGy&J dS ygw,f/ ausmMf um;rIqw kd m OD;Zif;&JU pdwt f pOfrmS &Sw d t hJ &mvnf; r[kwb f ;l / OD;Zif;&JU ywf0ef;usirf mS &Sw d t hJ &mvnf; r[kwb f ;l / OD;Zif;udk odwo hJ ?l todtrSwjf yKwo hJ &l UJ pdwt f pOfrmS yJ &Sw d m yg/ 'gvnf; tNrJ&Sdaewm r[kwfygbl;/ wpfcgwpf&H OD;Zif;udk owd&vdu k w f hJ tcku d rf mS yJ acwåcP &Sw d myg/ uJ&h UJ rIvnf; 'Dtwkid ;f yJaygh/ OD;Zif;&JU pdwt f pOfrmS &Sw d m vnf; r[kwb f ;l / OD;Zif;&JU ywf0ef;usirf mS &Sw d mvnf; r[kwb f ;l / OD;Zif;udk rvdv k m;wJo h ?l OD;Zif;udk rESpNf rKd UwJo h &l UJ pdwt f pOfrmS yJ OD;Zif;udk owd&wJt h cdu k f acwåcP&Sw d myg/ olwpfyg;&JU pdwt f pOfrmS yJ wpfcgw&HrS acwåcP ay: vmwwfwhJ ausmMf um;rI? uJ&h UJ rIqw kd hJ t&mawGtwGuf ud, k u f bmvdYk cHpm;ae&rSmvJ/ ausmMf um;rIaMumifh pdww f ufp&m rvdk ovdk uJ&h UJ rIaMumifv h nf; pdwyf supf &m rvdyk gbl;/ tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

173

ausmMf um;rIqw kd m olwpfyg;&JU pdwt f pOfrmS ]'Dvkd t&Sif qE´m"du} vdYk acwåcPay:vmwJt h awG;pwpfc?k cHpm;rIwpfck ygyJ/ uJ&h UJ rIqw kd m olwpfyg;&JUpdwt f pOfrmS ]t&Siq f E´m"du 'Dv}kd vdYk acwåcPay:vmwJh tawG;pwpfc?k cHpm;rIwpfcyk gyJ/ ]'Dvkd t&Siq f E´m"du} qdw k hJ tawG;peJY ]t&Siq f E´m"du 'Dv}kd qdw k hJ tawG;pESpcf w k &Ykd UJ Mum;rSm ]'Dv}kd awGukd azsmufvu kd f &if t&Siq f E´m"du[m t&Siq f E´m"du ygyJ/ bmeJrY S ra&mygbl;/ wpfa,mufwnf;yg/ oefo Y efaY v;yg/ ]'DaeYtxd pmtkyfb,fEStkyf a&;om; xkwfa0NyD;ygNyD vJbk&m;} ]ig;tky&f o dS mG ;ygNy/D EIe;f xm;taeeJY Munfrh ,fq&kd ifawmh wpfESpfrS ESpftkyfyJ a&;om;xkwfa0EdkifcJhygao;w,f/ 1998 u]wpfa,mufwnf;ae wpfpw d w f nf;xm;} eJY ]ud, k phf w d u f , kd f ppf} ? 1999 u ]raocifbmvkyMf urvJ} eJY ]&J&ifo h w l \ Ykd ae&m}? 'DEpS f 2000rSmawmh ]]Nird ;f at;aomb0ydik &f iS }f } wpftyk yf J xGuf ygao;w,f/ ]tckbmpmtkyfawG a&;aeygovJbk&m;} ]rMumcif&ufyikd ;f rSm ]avmuütaumif;qH;k aomt&m} xGuyf gvdrrhf ,f/ avmavmq,fawmh 0gwGi;f rSm xGuzf Ykd w&m; ESpyf 'k u f kd ppfaq;aeygw,f/ xGuv f m&if acgif;pOf odygvdrrhf ,f} ]t&Sib f &k m;&JU y&d,wf? y#dywf tcsed x f u J ae pma&;zdYk tcsdef b,fvdk,lygovJbk&m;} 174

t&Siq f E´ru d

]aeYpOf reufu;kd em&Duae q,fem&Dtxd wpfem&Dukd pma&;csed f owfrw S x f m;ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'DaeYxad wmh aeYpOf ra&;jzpfao;ygbl;/ pmtkyt f opfwpftyk f xGucf sed w f efNyq D rkd yS J wpfywf? q,f&ufavmuf tcsed , f Nl y;D a&;jzpfygw,f/ a&;&if awmh tJ't D csed rf mS yJ a&;ygw,f/ jznfph u G f a&;om;csuaf wGrsm; &ifawmh wpfywf? q,f&ufruygbl;/ jznfah &;&if a&;oavmuf Mumygw,f} ]pma&;wJhtwGuf w&m;tm;xkwfcsdef xdcdkufoGm;yg ovm;bk&m;} ]aeY-y&d,wf? n-y#dywf} qdw k hJ rleYJ tvkyv f yk af ewm qdak wmh pma&;wJt h wGuf w&m;tm;xkwcf sed f xdcu kd rf oGm;ygbl;/ 'gayrJh pmzwfcsed af wmh xdcu kd yf eG ;f yJo h mG ;ygw,f/ trsm;twGuf pma&;wdik ;f a&;wdik ;f ud, k t hf wGuf pmzwfcsed f avsmah vsmh oGm;yg w,f/ pma&;&wmxuf pmzwf&wmu ydNk y;D t&om&Syd gw,f/ pma&;aewJt h csed rf mS pmzwf&wJt h &om qH;k ½H;I aeygw,f/ pm zwf&wJt h &omudk pGev Yf w T Nf y;D rS pma&;&wmyg/ pmzwf 0goem ygolwpfa,muftwGuaf wmh Bu;D rm;wJh pGev Yf w T jf cif;wpf&yfygyJ/ BuD;rm;wJh pGefYvTwfjcif;udk t&if;wnfNyD; a&;&wmrdkY pma&;wdik ;f a&;wdik ;f pmzwfy&dowfukd txl;arwåmydNYk y;D rS a&;yg w,f/ pmzwfy&dowf &Si;f &Si;f vif;vif; jynfjh ynfph pkH kH em;vnf oabmaygufapcsifwJh arwåmu OD;pD;aewmrdkY pma&;aewJh tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

175

tcsed [ f m OD;Zif;twGuaf wmh arwåmtm; taumif;qH;k tcsed f ygyJ/ pmzwfy&dowf todÓPf wd;k wufjrifrh m;atmif pGr;f aqmifjzefaY 0ay;ae&wmrdYk pmwpfv;kH a&;wdik ;f a&;wdik ;f ynm yg&rDawG w&dy&f yd w f ufvmovdk cHpm;&ygw,f/ ynmyg&rDawG twH;k vdu k t f wpfvu kd f wd;k vmwmudk rsupf ed YJ jrifae&ovdu k kd pdwx f rJ mS jrifae&ygw,f/ ]pma&;wdkif; ynmyg&rDjzpfygovm;bk&m;} ]pma&;wdkif;awmh ynmyg&rD rjzpfygbl;/ pmzwfy&d owftwGuf todtjrifreS u f efapwJh A[kow k udk ay;Edik rf S ynm yg&rDjzpfwmyg/ todÓPfjzefaY 0rS ynmyg&rDjzpfwmrdYk pmzwfy&dowf udk todtjrifvrJG mS ;apwJph m? twif;tzsi;f ç aumvm[vpm? i,fusdK;i,femazmfNyD; uJh&JU½IwfcswJhpm? tjypfr&Sd tjypf&SmNyD; a0zefyw k cf wfwphJ mawG a&;aevdu Yk awmh ynmyg&rD ukov kd af wG r&wJt h jyif 0pD'pk ½du k t f ukov kd af wGyJ weifw h yd;k &ygvdrrfh ,f/ pmrsuEf mS ay:a&mufvmvdYk rvTrJ a&Smifom zwfvu kd &f wJh pmzwfy&dowfuawmh BuzH efEv S ;kH oGi;f Ny;D todÓPf wpfcck k &atmif qG, J &l rSmygyJ/ a&;wJo h u l kd a&;&aumif;vm;vdYk a'go xGuaf e&if ud, k yf g tukov kd f tqpf&aeOD;r,f/ olaY pwemu olu Y kd jyefNy;D tusKd ;ay;ygvdrrhf ,f/ pma&; w,fqw kd m aumif;wma&;&ifvnf; aumif;wJah pwem tiftm; 176

t&Siq f E´ru d

jyif;xefovdk raumif;wma&;&ifvnf; raumif;wJah pwem tif tm;jyif;xefygw,f} ]t&S i f b k & m;&J U wpf a eY w m tcsd e f c G J a 0oH k ; pG J r I u d k trdefY&Sd ygOD;bk&m;} ]aus;Zl;awmf&Sif r[m*E¨m½Hkq&mawmfbk&m;MuD;&JU rl twdik ;f ]aeY-y&d,wf? n-y#dywf} qdw k hJ vrf;pOfukd usio hf ;kH ae ygw,f/ obm0tvif;a&mif&w dS hJ aeYyikd ;f rSm y&d,wftvkyu f kd t"duxm;Ny;D vkyyf gw,f/ obm0tvif;a&mif r&Sw d hJ nydik ;f rSmawmh y#dywftvkyu f kd y"mexm;Ny;D vkyyf gw,f/ 'gayr,fh y&d,wfvyk cf sed rf mS vnf; BuKd ;Mum;BuKd ;Mum; y#dywfygovd?k y#d ywfvyk cf sed rf mS vnf; BuKd ;Mum;BuKd ;Mum; y&d,wfygygw,f/ y&d,wfvyk cf sed rf mS vnf; tav;pm? tayghpm? ygVdpm? jrefrmpm? olt Y csed ef o YJ l cGjJ cm;owfrw S Nf y;D avhvmygw,f/ y#d ywfvkyfcsdefrSmvnf; *kPfawmf? arwåm? 0dyóem? olYtajc taeeJo Y l csichf sed Ef iId ;f qNy;D yGm;rsm;ygw,f} ]t&Sifbk&m; w&m;&dyfomzGifhzdkY tpDtpOf &Sdygovm; bk&m;} ]oBuFefwGif;wdkif;awmh atmufausmif;rSm ckepf&ufp cef;zGiNhf y;D w&m;a[m? w&m;jy vkyaf y;ygw,f/ (aerdE&´ awmif ajc&Sd jrpdr;f ausmif;/) wpfEpS w f pfBurd af ygh/ tNrw J rf; w&m;jywJh &dyo f mawmh zGizhf Ykd tpDtpOfr&Syd gbl;/ tcsed t f cuftcJ&v dS yYkd g/ OD;Zif; ud&k ifb0wke;f u ppfuikd ;f awmif½;kd ? acsmifwpfck tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

177

rSm wpfyg;wnf; {upm&D oDwif;oH;k aewJh q&mawmfBu;D wpfyg; qDrmS ur®|mef;enf;cHczhJ ;l w,f/ q&mawmfBu;D u tm;xkwef nf; wpfqifah y;vdu k Nf y;D wpfywfjynf&h if jyefvmzdYk rdew Yf ,f/ q&m awmfb&k m;ausmif;rSmaeNy;D tm;xkwyf g&apqdak wmh ud, k ahf e&m rSmud, k yf J tm;xkwyf g? 'DrmS awmh vufrcHyg&apeJw Y /hJ bmvdv Yk J bk&m;qdak wmh wpfa,mufvufc?H wpfa,mufvufceH YJ vlrsm; vmjy;D awmfMum &dyo f mjzpfomG ;vdrrhf ,fw/hJ &dyo f m jzpfomG ;awmh raumif;bl;vm; bk&m; qdak wmh aumif;awmh aumif;ygw,f? 'gayr,fh pdwq f if;&J&r,f? jyó emaygif;pHk ajz&Sif;ae&r,fwJh/ vl½Iyf&if jyóem½Iyfw,fwJh/ 'umu wpfrsKd ;? 'umru wpfrsKd ;? trIaqmifu wpfrsKd ;? rD;zdk acsmifu wpfrsKd ;? 'DMum;xJ bmoma&;ckw;kH vkyNf y;D ud, k u f sKd ;pD; yGm;&SmwJh tyg,fraMumuf? oHo&mraMumufawGu wpfrsKd ; ... wJh/ tckawmh tJ'q D &mawmfb&k m;Bu;D ysv H eG af wmfro l mG ;yg jy/D 'gayr,fh q&mawmfb&k m;Bu;D &JU vQyw f pfjyuf rdeMYf um;csuu f kd awmh 'DaeYxd OD;Zif; rarhao;bl;/ &ifxrJ mS tpOfpaJG eygw,f/ toufBu;D vmav? ydo k wd&avygyJ} ]t&S i f b k & m;&J U w&m;yG J r sm;rS m w&m;emy&d o wf tvGef rsm;jym;wm awGU&ygw,fbk&m;? wpfESpfudk w&m;yGJ b,fESyGJ avmuf a[mygovJbk&m;} ]w&m;pcef;&uftwGi;f rSmyJ t"duxm;Ny;D w&m;a[m 178

t&Siq f E´ru d

ygw,f/ tcsed jf ynfh w&m;tm;xkwaf ewJh a,m*DawGukd w&m; a[m&wmurS ydNk y;D xda&mufw,f xifvyYkd g/ jyifyw&m;yGJawGudkawmh yifhwdkif; vdkufra[mygbl;/ rvTrJ a&SmifomwJh w&m;yG?J jiif;raumif;wJh w&m;yGaJ wGavmufyJ a[mygw,f/ wpfcgwpf&aH vmufygyJ/ &efuek rf mS wpfEpS u f kd w&m;yGEJ pS yf yJG J rlaovufcx H m;yg w,f/ wmarG? 133vrf;eJY ? prf;acsmif; uHjrifah usmif;wdu k w f Ykd yg/ OD;Zif;w&m; emcsiw f hJ w&m;emy&dowfrsm; tJ'D ESpyf rJG mS yJ tm;&yg;& w0Bu;D emMuygvd/Yk OD;Zif;&JU w&m;yGJawGrSm w&m;emy&dowf rsm;wmu awmh OD;Zif;u wpfcgwpf&rH S w&m;a[mwmrdv Yk yYkd g/ tNrw J rf; om yifw h ikd ;f a[mae&ifawmh OD;Zif;w&m;yGrJ mS vloyd &f rdS mS r[kwf ygbl;/ OD;Zif;u toHae toHxm;eJY qGiJ ifra[mbJ ½d;k ½d;k pum; ajymovdk at;at;aq;aq; a[mwm qdak wmh cPcPom a[m&if vlawG ysi;f oGm;MurSm aocsmygw,f} ]w&m;yGJrsm; vma&mufyifhzdwfwdkif; bmhaMumihf vuf rcH&wmygvJbk&m;} ]a[mw&m;rSeo f rQ pmtkyjf zpfap&r,f} qdw k hJ rluckd srw S f xm;wJt h wGuf wpfEpS u f kd w&m;oH;k av;yk'yf J a[mcsiyf gw,f/ wu,fawmh w&m;a[m&wm bmrS rcufygbl;/ ESp&f uf oH;k &uf avmuf tcsed , f l jyifqifvu kd &f if w&m; topfwpfy'k f aumif; aumif; a[mvdYk &ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh a[mNy;D om;w&m;udk pmtkyf tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

179

jzpfatmif vkyzf u Ykd sawmh awmfawmf tcsed , f &l ygw,f/ wdyaf cGxu J twdik ;f ul;,lNy;D wdu k ½f u kd pf mtkyx f w k v f u kd f &ifawmh rcufygbl;/ wpfywfwpftyk af wmif xkwv f &Ykd ygw,f/ 'gayrJh OD;Zif;u tJ'v D kd Ny;D pvG,f b,fawmhrS rvkyyf gbl;/ tjyifrmS pum;ajymovdk ajymxm;wJh rl&if;pmom;awG udv k nf; zwfvaYkd csmatmif jyifqifygw,f/ jznfph u G o f ifh jznfh pGux f u kd w f hJ pum;vH;k awG? 0gusawG? pmyk'd af wG? tcef;u@awG vnf; vdt k yfovdk topfxyfjznhaf &;ygw,f/ aemufq;kH uGeyf sL wmpmpD y½kzu f akd wmif oH;k qifah vmuf ud, k w f ikd zf wf? ud, k w f ikd f jyifygw,f/ pma&;wJt h vkyw f pfcw k nf;&Sw d m r[kwaf wmh tcsed f tawmfMum ,l&ygw,f/ wpfEpS t f wGi;f a[mwJw h &m;awGukd wpfEpS t f wGi;f rSmyJ tukev f ;kH pmtkyjf zpfomG ;apcsiw f hJ qE´&ydS gw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'DaeYxd awmh jzpfrvmao;bl;/ tcsed rf ay;Edik v f yYkd g/ jzpfatmif vkyo f mG ; r,fvaYkd wmh pdwu f ;l xm;ygw,f/ 'Dawmh OD;Zif;u tvkyaf <u; rwifcsib f ;l / a[mw&m; aemuf pmtkyu f tvsOrf aD tmif rvdu k Ef ikd &f if tvkyaf <u;wif aer,fav/ tvkyaf <u;wef;vef;eJv Y nf; raocsiyf gbl;/ ud, k f raocif ud, k ahf [mw&m;awG ud, k u f , kd w f ikd f pmtkyjf zpfatmif vkyfay;oGm;r,fvdkY qHk;jzwfxm;w,f/ aorif;u cGifhray;&if awmh rwwfEikd b f ;l aygh/ w&m;yGaJ wG yifw h ikd ;f vdu k rf a[mwm tvkyaf <u;rwif 180

t&Siq f E´ru d

csiv f yYkd g/ tcsed t f cuftcJ&v dS yYkd g} ]w&m;yG J v myif h w J h o l a wG u awmh t&S i f b k & m; jiif;vdkuf wJhtwGuf pdwfraumif;jzpfMurSmayghbk&m;} ]taMumif;tusKd ; &Si;f jyNy;D awmif;yefwmudk wcsKd Uu awmh em;vnfvufcMH uygw,f/ wcsKd Uuawmh ud, k t hf vdk rjynfh &if NiKd jiifwwfwhJ vlo Y bm0twdik ;f rauseyfMubl;aygh/ uG,&f m rSm ]odyBf u;D us,w f myJ} vdaYk wmif ajymMuw,fqykd /J vlwikd ;f rSm ud, k b hf 0twGuf ud, k u f , kd w f ikd f csrw S x f m; wJh udk,fydkifrl? udk,fydkifusifh0wf? udk,fydkifpnf;urf;csufqdkwm r&Sdoifhbl;vm;/ udk,fhrl? udk,fhusifh0wf? udk,fhpnf;urf;csufudk vdu k ef mwJt h aeeJY yifo h rQw&m;yGw J ikd ;f ukd vufrcHwm? ra[mwm ud, k t hf jypfvm;/ udk,fhvdktifqE´ rjynfh0wmeJYbJ jznfhray;oludk BuD; us,fw,fvdkY tjypfajymwm obm0usyghrvm;/ olwpfyg;&JU ud, k af &;ud, k w f mrl? ud, k af &;ud, k w f mvGwv f yfciG u hf kd xdyg; apmf um;&m ra&mufb;l vm;/ ud, k rhf ?l ud, k v hf w G v f yfciG u hf olwpfyg;udk xdcu kd yf supf ;D atmif vkyaf ewmrS r[kwb f /J ud, k chf , H cl suef u YJ , kd ?f ud, k Ohf ;D wnf csuef u YJ , kd ?f at;at;aq;aq; aeaewmyJ/ vlwum&JU vdt k if? vlwikd ;f &JU qE´ukd wpfa,mufwnf;u tukef jznfah y;zdq Yk w kd m jzpfrrS jzpfEikd w f maemf} ]Ak'¨omoemawmfBuD; xGef;um;jyefYyGm;a&;twGuf a&SU tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

181

qufjyD; b,fvdk omoemjyKvkyfief;awG vkyfzdkY pdwful;xm;yg ovJbk&m;} ]'Dtwdik ;f yJ aumif;ygw,f 'umBu;D &,f? ud, k u hf se;f rm a&;? ud, k yhf ifupkd ½du k ef YJ tudu k n f q D ;kH ? tvdu k zf ufq;kH omoem jyKenf;uawmh tckvkd awmxJawmifxrJ mS wpfa,mufwnf; aeNy;D pGr;f Edik o f rQ omoemjyKwehJ nf;yJvYkd OD;Zif; xifw,fav/ udk,fvnf; pGrf;EdkiforQusifh? olwpfyg;udkvnf; pGrf;EdkiforQ tusichf ikd ;f ? r[kwb f ;l vm;/ OD;Zif;&JU ud, k af &; ud, k w f mb0eJY tH0ifciG u f stjzpfq;kH omomemjyKenf;udk OD;Zif; a&G;cs,&f r,f r[kwfvm;/ vlwikd ;f rSm ud, k t f m;uswhJ b0yHpk w H pfcak wmh &SMd upNrJ yg/ 'gayr,fh wjcm;vlwpfa,muf&UJ b0yHpk u H kd xyfwx l yfrQ yHw k l ul;cszq Ykd w kd muawmh rjzpfEikd b f ;l xifygw,f/ jzpfEikd w f ,fyx J m;? OD;Zif;uawmh olwpfyg;&JU b0yHpk u H kd b,fawmhrS xyfwx l yfrQ yHkwlul;rcscsifygbl;/ udk,fhyHkpHeJYudk,f? udk,fht"dyÜm,feJYudk,fyJ ud, k b hf 0udk wnfaqmufcsiyf gw,f/ vli,fpum;eJY ajym&&if uk, d pfh wdik v f ef u YJ , kd af ygh/ ud&k ifb0uwnf;u OD;Zif;tm;uscw hJ hJ b0yHpk u H awmh (yxr)oydwt f ikd af wm&q&mawmfb&k m;Mu;D (OD;udw)då &JU b0 yHpk yH gyJ/ q&mawmfb&k m;Bu;D u &moufyefawmxJawmifxrJ mS yJ wpfyg;wnf;aeoGm;cJyh gw,f/ ysv H eG af wmfrw l mawmif tem;rSm b,forl S r&Scd yhJ gbl;/ 182

t&Siq f E´ru d

pmoifwdkufawG wnfaxmif? &dyfomawG zGifhvSpfNyD; omoemjyKaeMuwJh q&mawmf? oHCmawmfawGukd t&rf;Munf ndKygw,f/ t&rf;av;pm;ygw,f/ olw&Ykd UJ atmifjrifraI wGukd vnf; t&rf;0rf;ajrmuf*P k , f rl yd gw,f/ 'gayr,fh ud, k u f , kd w f ikd f awmh pmoifwu kd v f nf; wnfaxmifjzpfrmS r[kwyf gbl;/ &dyo f m vnf; zGiv hf pS jf zpfrmS r[kwyf gbl;/ olwv Ykd kd rpGr;f Edik v f yYkd g/ rEdik 0f efukd royfr&yf xrf;Ny;D pdwyf ifyef;qif;&Jaer,fh tpm; ud, k Ef ikd w f 0hJ efukd oyfoyf&yf&yf xrf;Ny;D pdwaf useyfcsr;f omae&wmu ydak umif;r,fxifw,fav/ 0efwpfcu k kd Edik w f ,f? rEdik b f ;l qdw k mu ab;vl tjrifeYJ owfrw S v f rYdk &ygbl;/ um,uH&iS &f UJ b0tawGUtBuKH ? b0cHpm; csuf? usef;rma&;tajctae? yifudkp½dkufvu©Pm? pdwfae obm0 ... pwJh taMumif;w&m;trsKd ;rsKd ;tay: rlwnfNy;D um,uH&iS u f , kd w f ikd u f yJ owfrw S v f &Ykd ygw,f/ b,f0efukd ud, k f xrf;Edik w f ,f? rxrf;Edik b f ;l qdw k m um,uH&iS u f todq;kH yg/ ud, k v f nf; at;at;csr;f csr;f ae&? trsm;twGuv f nf; wu,fxad &muf? omoemtwGuv f nf; a&&Snw f nfww hH hJ ]wpf a,mufwnf;aejyD; pma&;wJhomoemjyKenf;} udkawmh OD;Zif; tESpo f ufq;kH ygyJ} ]a&Tyg&rD"r®pmayjyefYyGm;a&;tzGJU wnfaxmif&jcif;&JU &nf&G,fcsufeJY vkyfief;tajctaeudkvnf; odyg&apbk&m;} ]OD;Zif;&JU w&m;pmtkyfawGudk t&nftaoG; aumif; tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

183

aumif;eJY pD;yGm;a&;vH;k 0rzuf omoemhtusKd ;oufouf twGuf xkwaf 0oGm;zdYk a&Tyg&rD"r®pmayjyefyY mG ;a&;tzGUJ udk wnfaxmif xm;wmyg/ OD;Zif;a[majyma&;om;wJh w&m;pmtkyrf eS o f rQukd 'DtzGUJ wpfcw k nf;uyJ rlyikd t f jzpf xkwaf 0jzefcY sd oGm;ygvdrrhf ,f/ a&Tyg&rDawm&ausmif;&JU w&m;0iftzGUJ tpnf;wpfcyk gyJ/ pmtkyx f w k af 0jzefcY sjd cif;aMumifh xGuaf y:wd;k yGm;vmwJh tvSLaiGawGukd omoemtwGuf wu,fvt kd yfwhJ ae&mXme awGrmS oifah wmfovdk cGaJ 0vSL'gef;oGm;rSmyg/ tckvnf; pGr;f Edik f orQ vSL'gef;aeygw,f/ aiGyifpu kd x f v l LS 'gef;olawG? pmtkypf pD Of aqmif&u G o f al wG? pmtky0f ,f,zl wf½o I al wG? a&Tyg&rD"r®pmayeJY ywfoufot l m;vH;k &JU omoemjyKr[mukov kd af umif;rIygyJ/ 'DtzGUJ twGuf b,foq Yl u D rS tvSLrcHygbl;/ ud, k o hf '¨g qE´eJY udk,fhtvdktavsmuf vma&mufvSL'gef;olawGudkyJ csD; ajrm§ ufwt hJ aeeJY vufcw H myg/ "r®pmay aiGya'omyifawGt wGuf a&pufcsw&m;yGv J yk af y;zdYk avQmufxm;Muwmawmif tvSL cHovdjk zpfomG ;rSmpd;k vdYk vH;k 0 ra[mygbl;/ 'DaeYtxd tzGUJ u pmtkyif g;tkyf xkwaf 0Ny;D oGm;ygNy/D a&SUqufNy;D awmhvnf; t&nftaoG;aumif;aumif;? t&Sed t f [kef aumif;aumif;eJY a&Tyg&rDw&m;pmtkyaf wG tqufrjywfxw k af 0 jzefcY so d mG ;ygvdrrhf ,f} ]t&Sifbk&m;&JU bmoma&;,HkMunfcsufeJY Ak'¨bmom&JU owå0grsm;tay: tusdK;jyKyHkudk tusOf;rQ &Sif;jyay;apvdkyg 184

t&Siq f E´ru d

w,f bk&m;} ]bmoma&;qdw k m tqift h wef;&Sw d hJ vlom;wdik ;f ? t qift h wef;&Sv d w kd hJ vlom;wdik ;f twGuf r&Srd jzpf vdt k yfwhJ ta&; Bu;D qH;k t&mwpfck jzpfygw,f/ bmoma&;udk vH;k 0 ypfy,fxm; wJo h ?l vH;k 0 rypfy,fawmifrS tav;teufrxm;wJo h [ l m b,f vdek nf;eJrY S tqift h wef;&Sw d hJ vlwpfa,muf? Bu;D us,jf rifjh rwf wJv h w l pfa,muf jzpfrvmEdik yf gbl;/ Ak'b ¨ mom[m owå0gtm;vH;k &JU ypöKyeÜ b f 0Nird ;f csr;f a&;? oHo&mb0 jynfhpHka&;eJY qif;&J'ku©tm;vHk;rS tNyD;wdkif vGwf ajrmufa&;twGuf tm;tud;k xdu k q f ;kH bmomwpfcyk g/ Ak'q ¨ w kd m trSew f &m;udk odo?l bmomqdw k m pum;? Ak'b ¨ momqdak wmh trSew f &m;udk odo&l UJ pum;aygh/ trSew f &m; udo k Nd y;D trSew f &m;udñ k eT Mf um;ajymqdak eolwpfa,muf&UJ pum; awG[m vdu k ef musio hf ;kH oltwGuf trSew f u,f tusKd ;jzpfxeG ;f r,fqw kd m ,Hrk mS ;oHo,jzpfp&m r&Syd gbl;/ rsm;rsm;rvdu k ef m&if aeyg/ ]raumif;rIa&Smif? aumif;rI aqmif? jzLatmifpw d u f x kd m;} qdw k hJ Ak'p¨ um;oH;k cGe;f udk jywfjywf om;om; vdu k ef musio hf ;kH r,fq&kd ifyJ vlom;tygt0if ouf&dS avmuMu;D b,favmufNird ;f csr;f oGm;vdu k rf vJ/ ]rowf? rcd;k ? rrSm;? rnm? raomuf} qdw k hJ ]r-ig;vH;k } ]ig;yg;oDv} wajy;nD NrNJ rMH ur,fq&kd ifyJ urÇmBu;D awmfawmf Nird ;f csr;f aeygNy/D tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

185

]raumif;rIreS o f rQ a&SmifMuOfyg} qdw k hJ yxr Ak'p¨ um; u owå0gtm;vH;k &JU ypöKyeÜ b f 0Nird ;f csr;f a&;udk tusKd ;jyKygw,f/ ]aumif;rIreS o f rQ jyKvyk yf g} qdw k hJ 'kw, d Ak'p¨ um;u owå0g tm;vHk;&JU oHo&mb0jynfhpHka&;udk tusdK;jyKygw,f/ ]pdwfudk jzLpifatmif tm;xkwyf g} qdw k hJ wwd, Ak'p¨ um;u owå0gtm; vH;k udk qif;&J'u k t © m;vH;k rS tNy;D wdik f vGwaf jrmufatmif tusKd ;jyK ygw,f/ 'gu a,bk,soabm&Si;f atmifajymwmyg/ taMumif; oH;k rsKd ;vH;k u tusKd ;oH;k rsKd ;vH;k udk jynfph akH pEdik w f mcsn;f ygyJ/ ]Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;twGuf bmoma&;eJY ywfoufwJh pum;vufaqmifav;wpfck tifwmAsL;*sme,fuwpfqifh csD;jr§ifh awmfrlyg bk&m;/} ]]tkwjf rpfcikd rf mNy;D ud, k x f nfvyS wJh bmoma&; pHtrd f av;awG wnfaqmufMuyg}} vdYk vufwpYkd um;ajymyg&ap/ OD;Zif; twGuaf &m? tm;vH;k twGuyf g arwåmeJY owday;wmygaemf/ tkwfjrpfcdkifrmw,fqdkwmuawmh uHeJY uH&JUtusdK;udk tav;teuf ,HMk unfvu kd ef mwJh ur®óuwm or®m'd|d cdik Nf rJ wmudk ajymwmyg/ ud, k x f nfvyS w,fqw kd muawmh cE¨mt&Su d kd trSet f wdik ;f odatmif apmifMh unfw h hJ 0dyóem or®m'd|d pGNJ rw J m udak jymwmyg/ ]0dyóem? 0dyóem} eJY toHaumif;[pfNy;D r[kww f m awG vkyaf er,f? rrSew f mawG vkyaf er,fq&kd if ud, k &hf UJ bmom a&;pHtrd [ f m ud, k x f nfvo S vdv k edk YJ (wu,fawmh rvSygbl;) 186

t&Siq f E´ru d

tkwjf rpf,ikd ef aYJ ewmrdYk rMumcif NyKd vyJ supf ;D oGm;rSmyg/ ]pdwaf umif;xm;&if Ny;D wmyJ? r[kww f mrrSew f m rvkyf &if Ny;D wmyJ} qdNk y;D ukov kd t f vky?f w&m;bm0emtvkyaf wGukd rsuEf mS vTx J m;r,fq&kd if ud, k &hf UJ bmoma&;pHtrd [ f m tkwjf rpfcidk f ovdv k ekd YJ (wu,fawmhrcdik yf gbl;) ud, k x f nf pkwjf ywfaewmrdYk rMumcif a[mif;EGr;f ,d, k iG ;f oGm;rSmyg/ uHeYJ uH&UJ tusKd ;udk tav;teuf ,HMk unfwphJ w d ef YJ r aumif;rIreS o f rQ a&SmifMuOfr,f? aumif;rIreS o f rQ jyKvyk rf ,fqkd &if ud, k &hf UJ bmoma&;pHtrd [ f m tkwjf rpfcikd rf maeygNy/D orx? 0dyóem? bm0emtvkyaf wGukd tm;rSvyk rf ,fvYkd qifajcray; bJ vlru I pd ?ö tdrrf u I pd ö vkyaf e&if;eJv Y nf; owdBu;D Bu;D ? ÓPfBu;D Bu;D xm;Ny;D vkyo f mG ;r,f? tqifajyovdk oD;oeft Y csed af y;Ny;D vnf; vkyo f mG ;r,fq&kd if ud, k &hf UJ bmoma&;pHtrd [ f m ud, k x f nf vSyaeygNy/D tkwjf rpfvnf; cdik rf m? ud, k x f nfvnf; vSyaeNyq D &kd if rMumcifrmS yJ r*fÓPf? zdv k Ó f Pf? edAmÁ efqw kd hJ trd;k vSvaS v;awG tvdt k avsmuf wyfqifNy;D om; jzpfomG ;rSmyg/ tJ't D cgus&if ud, k &hf UJ bmoma&;pHtrd [ f m wpfavmuvH;k rSm tcHn h m; txnf 0gqH;k pHtrd ?f tBu;D us,f tjrifjh rwfq;kH pHtrd f jzpfomG ;NyaD ygh/ OD;Zif;wdt Yk m;vH;k tkwjf rpfcikd rf mNy;D ud, k x f nfvyS wJh bm oma&;pHtrd af v;awG wnfaqmufomG ;MuygpdaYk emf/ ta&;Bu;D qH;k pum;wpfceG ;f eJY aemufq;kH EIwq f ufvu kd f tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

187

yg&ap/ ]tyÜrma'e orÜma'x} vd/Yk jrefrmvdak wmh ]rarhMu aMu;} ayghaemf /

udkouf twkdifyifcHt,f'Dwm tifwmAsL;*sme,f «tifwmAsL;*sme,f? Mo*kwfv?pufwifbmv? 2000 jynfhESpf»

« rSwfcsuf/ / udkouf\ ar;cGef;rsm;udk t&SifqE´m"du udk,fwdkif a&;om;ajzqdkay;xm;ygonf/ »

188

t&Siq f E´ru d

w&m;odrf;arwÅmydkh t&yfq,frsufESmü&SdMuaom ewfvlowÅ0gtm;vHk;wdkYonf ab;&efa&m*g uif;pifuGmí udk,fpdwfESpfjzm usef;rmcsrf;omMuygap/

V tcspu f aH cayr,ft h ESpu f seaf p&r,f

189