The Nostalgia Issue

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Lydia Tomlinson on THE SEVENTIES: Dare to Flare?

NOSTALGIA SUMMER 2015

One in a Million: The Legacy of an R&B Princess

featuring…

“I’M A FOOL TO WANT YOU” ~

7 of the most MEMORABLE fashion shows EVER! AMERICAN DINERS ~ CLASSIC AMERICAN FOOD IN THE PREFABRICATED RESTAURANTS

find your vintage fashion language

keep on dreaming The Civil Rights Goals

the arts ||fashion ||food || international || voices

SERIES BY THE BRADFORD

“I'M A FOOL TO WANT YOU” PHOTOGRAPHER: Bradford MODEL: Heja Alsindee STYLIST: Heja Alsindee instagram.com/the_bradford instagram.com/backtomodernfashion

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EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

Keisha Bruce _______ FASHION Fashion Director Lucy Jain Features Writer Lucy Jain Men's Stylist Nathaniel Sharpe THE ARTS Entertainment Director and Editor Lauren Nwenwu FOOD & ‘BODY’ Food Editor Cheryl Culliford-Whyte INTERNATIONAL Travel Editor Filipe Batista Travel Columnist Camila Montiel VOICES Features and News Editor Keisha Bruce

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF keisha@NAMEmagazine.co.uk

GENERAL ENQUIRIES edit@NAMEmagazine.co.uk

KEISHA BRUCE

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Editor-in-Chief of NAME magazine talks about childhood, life-changing events and growing up in an ever-changing society.

“Is it a bad thing to look at your surroundings and instantly feel nostalgic?�

INSTAGRAM @_k.br www.NAMEmagazine.co.uk

i

have been fascinated with the past lately, and it’s this fascination that inspired me to create this issue.

Nostalgia - “a sentimental longing or wistful affection for a period in the past”.

In this issue, I have really wanted to celebrate all that’s in the history of humanity with a particular focus on the evolution of culture in the Twentieth century and how that impacts our culture today…

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KEISHA BRUCE EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

I’m a Nineties baby, cliché as it sounds, that means a lot to me. The photograph on the previous page are some of my old toys, twenty years old now. A couple of years ago I wouldn’t have dared say that the nineties was vintage, because it wasn’t. It was contemporary. But now I look at the patterns, thick jackets and bunned hair and realise that this period was a long time ago, so long ago that fashions are beginning to replicate it.

The digital age hit me hard. One year I was playing with Bratz dolls, and making my colouring pencils talk to one another, then the next year I was engrossed in virtual worlds and fake pets, designing my own families, theme parks and race tracks. I often look back on my childhood, and what I miss most is the freedom to create my own worlds with my bare hands and mind.

I’m starting to feel old. I often look around nowadays and admire the steel frame of warehouses, the structure of high rise flats and the rust on the railways and realise that we’re becoming old. Things are changing and before we know it, everything will have altered and we will officially be retro again. Is it a bad thing to observe your

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surroundings and instantly feel nostalgic? Is it bad that I’m constantly looking for new inventions thinking that the ones we have now are “old”?

I don’t expect you to understand, but I often look at every day items, take the iPhone for example, and think of how far it’s come in the past ten years, and just how much it’ll change. Soon the age of holding everyday objects will be obsolete, and holograms will overtake.

I’m trying to appreciate life as it is now, before it too, like my childhood becomes a distant memory.

This issue was made to appreciate everything that we once loved, all the way up until the 00s. Our history is ingrained into our lives, we are composites of the people who once lived, and in order to live our lives, we must appreciate theirs.

KEISHA BRUCE EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

BRANDON G @brandongastinell

nostalgia || contents CREATIVE DIRECTOR

KEISHA BRUCE FRONT COVER

PHOTOGRAPHY BRADFORD MODEL HEJA ALSINDEE STYLING HEJA ALSINDEE

CONTRIBUTIONS VOICES Keisha Bruce Quenelle Forbes Mena Harun Kara Digby Nikki Woodcock FASHION Sian O’Flaherty, Lucy Jain Ysabel O’Carroll Caitlin Boak Alex Simonics, Leila Jones, Sophie Soar, Keisha Bruce, Nathaniel Sharpe, Lydia Tomlinson INTERNATIONAL Filipe Batista Keisha Bruce FOOD & BODY Aleksandra, Malin Nilsson Ollie Bo Keisha Bruce Filipe Batista THE ARTS Briana Ragler, Stephanie Nwenwu, Adam Fitzpatrick, Sophie Soar, Keisha Bruce, Hannah Foy FEATURING ART/ PHOTOGRAPHY BY BRADFORD, Ilka & Franz, Timothy Dotson, Drealun Beasley, Lewis Coombs

018 THE PREVIEW 020 CONSPIRACY THEORIES: WAS THE MOON LANDING FAKE? 024 THE SUFFRAGETTES: THE WOMEN’S SOCIAL AND POLITICAL MOVEMENT […]

030 COVER: KEEP ON DREAMING: HAS THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT ACHIEVED ALL IT AIMED ?

036 IMMIGRATION: THE DOUBLE-EDGED SWORD 042 COVER: 7 OF THE MOST MEMORABLE FASHION SHOWS EVER! 044 LUCY STYLES: DENIM THROUGH THE YEARS 048 COVER: FIND YOUR VINTAGE FASHION LANGUAGE 051 90s to NOW: HOW CELEBRITIES ARE LEADING THE WAY TO A 90S REVIVAL 052 MODEL MELANCHOLIA 056 LOOKBOOK: FROM THE TWENTIES TO THE NINETIES 059 COVER: LYDIA TOMLINSON ON THE SEVENTIES: DARE TO FLARE 063 DREALUN BEASLEY: THE “THEN & NOW” COLLECTION 075 AMSTERDAM, THE NETHERLANDS 084 TRADITIONAL RECIPES 088 COVER: AMERICAN DINERS: CLASSIC AMERICAN FOOD IN THE PREFABRICATED RESTAURANTS 092 THE ORIGINS AND THE POWER OF HIP-HOP 094 COVER: ONE IN A MILLION: THE LEGACY OF AN R&B PRINCESS 096 DISCUSSIONS ON MUSIC, THE PAST AND THE PRESENT… Photography//BRADFORD

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ilkailkafranz.com & franz

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WHAT IS THE HUMAN? LIFESTYLE - Whether you believe in the theory of evolution of not, there’s no doubt that the human form has altered over the thousands of years of us being on earth, and taking that into account, there’s no doubt that the human mind will continue to improve over the many years we’re left roaming this earth.

We are significantly different to our grandparents, but tremendously different to their grandparents.

From the things we eat, to the way we talk. Our dance crazes and fashion. Our house decor and social groups. What it is to be human is constantly evolving. We adapt and alter traditions learnt and formulate new ways of living.

In this issue we will be looking at the lives of our former humans, and our younger selves, in order to understand society as it stands today…

WHAT WE’RE LISTENING TO MUSIC - For the past few months NAME has been reminiscing about all of the modern classics from the Fifties and Sixties. One of my personal favourites from the blues era is Sam Cooke. You may have heard The King of Soul in songs such as the up-beat “Wonderful World” or the Civil Rights classic, “A Change Gone Come” Another artist from this era is the Father of Rock and Roll, no, not Elvis Presley, but Chuck Berry. The original. His music was famous for integrating a black and white audience and he truly was an entertainer.

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OLDEST BUILDING ON EARTH

TRAVEL - Now of course when NAME releases an issue titled “Nostalgia” we’re going to be talking about ‘old things’, but I can guarantee you didn’t think we’d be talking about some really really old things. We’re kicking this issue off with the oldest building in the world.

The Cairn of Barnenez is a building dated back to the New Stone Age, which can be found in Northern Finistère, Brittany, France. To be precise, the building dates back to 4,800 BC and is regarded as the oldest building in the world as well as the earliest megalithic monuments in Europe. The cairn is measured as 72m long, 25m wide and 8m high, and consists of around 14,000 tonnes of stone.

In the passages of the cairn is evidence of early life - as if the structure itself wasn't enough - carvings can be seen, depicting bows and arrows, axes, snakes and other symbols.

There’s evidence of our past surrounding us constantly in society. It’s important to preserve these landmarks which connect us with our past, because that’s what humanity is centred on - our past and former lives.

WHAT WE WORE ART & OUR CHILDHOOD

ART - fashion sketches by Drealun Beasley, p.60

PINK LEMONADE FOOD - Quench your thirst this summer with this quick and easy pink lemonade recipe! Blogger Malin Nilsson, the delightful lady that provided the cookie skillet recipe in the Freak Show issue, is back with another delightful treat for us all. To make this refreshing drink squeeze ten lemons into a bowl until fully juiced. Once juiced add two and a half cups of granulated sugar to the lemons and stir well. Add five ounces of cold water into the lemon juice and stir again.

Finally, to get that lovely pink colour we love so much, add two beetroots to the mixture that have been peeled and cut into slices, remove these beetroots once the lemonade is pink, pink, pink. Serve in a a glass pitcher with plenty of ice!

FASHION - Ok, granted, the majority of us, if not all of us weren’t born in the Fifties - the time when sweet jazz was replaced by hip-swinging, arm raging, rock and roll, but it doesn’t mean that we can’t still appreciate the fashions of the time. The Fifties was not only the birth of the classic pencil skirt that we all know and love today, but the capris and the even the tight sweater. Women were becoming more and more sexy, embracing their curves in every way possible, and the rise of the adolescent saw a change in the way that fashion transmitted through the generations.

Accessories were arguably the most vital ingredient to be fashionably perfect in this era, you could not possibly leave the house without securing a fine pair of gloves, a thick waisted belt or the bright red lipstick.

When you think of Fifties fashion, think Grease, the John Travolta and Olivia Newton-John classic. Rightly the movie was recorded in the Seventies but it’s set right at the end of the Fifties and the fashions are reminiscent of that time - the swing dresses, tight high-waisted pants and polka dots. Think Marilyn Monroe, the undoubtedly beautiful sex symbol of the time, who’s iconic look consisted of those famous blonde retro waves and plenty of dresses, from the ‘silly white’ halter-neck dress, to the strapless reds. Think Audrey Hepburn in the classic black Lindy Bop dress, or the long black gloves, but pictured here in the high-waisted full circle skirt.

Despite this era being almost seventy years old we do still take valuable fashion lessons from it and it really was the birth of the sexy woman.

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WAS THE MOON LANDING FAKE?

Regarded as one of the greatest achievements

for man, the surreal, out-of-this-world, absolutely amazing accomplishment, the giant leap for mankind - the moon landing is one of those things that many cast aside as being a fake.

Conspiracy theories flood the internet daily, the most common ones being explanations for cartoon shows, the illuminati conspiracy and the planned 9/11 attacks. Despite many of these theories sounding utterly ridiculous, one of the more believable ones is the moon landing.

In 1969 Apollo 11 landed Neil Armstrong an Buzz Aldrin on the moon. The first humans to step foot on anything other than Earth. The conspiracist’s theory is that NASA staged the entire operation to reinforce their victory of the space race against Russia. Statistics show that at least 20% of Americans believe that the landing is fake, and this is why…

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THE WAVING FLAG Theorists have noted that when the landing was aired on national television, many Americans noticed that the flag was waving in the breeze as Armstrong and Aldrin planted it. After careful examination of the photographs you can see slight ripples in the flag, which is odd because, as we know, there is no air in space. However, claims to disprove this argue that it was the astronauts force which caused the ripples.

THE “C” ROCK A famous photograph from the moon landing shows a rock with the letter ‘C’ carved into it. The perfect symmetry of the letter shows that it’s unlikely that the ‘C’ was a natural occurrence.

Some argue that the rock is a prop and the marking is referring to where it should be placed on stage.

However, NASA retaliated by saying that the ‘C’ was either a “stray hair” or a photoshop job. Their excuses do sound a little… odd.

THE BACKDROP The two photographs from the mission have very similar backdrops despite NASA claiming that the photographs were taken miles apart. To explain this NASA expressed that because the moon is a lot smaller than Earth, horizons appear much closer to us. Regardless of this, the photographs really do spark controversy.

WHERE ARE THE STARS? Possibly the most confusing aspect of the moon landing is the lack of stars in ALL of the photographs. There are no clouds on the moon therefore the stars should be visible. The argument is that it would have been too difficult for NASA to accurately map out the locations of stars, therefore didn’t include them at all! Arguing against this

some have stated that the photographs were poor quality, therefore the stars were not captured. Yet, even in the higher quality photographs stars still are not present.

THE IMPACT CRATER Or perhaps, the “lack” of impacted crater. If Apollo 11 really had landed on the moon then there would have been an impact blast in the moon’s dust, however, nothing is present in these images. NASA have argued however that a blast crater would not be feasible anyway due to the moon being a solid rock.

SHADOWS There is only one source of light on the moon and that is the sun. Since this is the case, all shadows must run parallel to one another, however in the videos and photographs of the moon landing all of

the shadows fall in completely different directions.

Conspiracists think that this means that multiple light sources were present, i.e. stage lighting. The U.S Government blamed the uneven shadows on the bumps and rocks on the moon’s surface.

UNEXPLAINED OBJECT One of the most famous photographs from Apollo 12 is the unidentified object spotted in the reflection on the astronaut’s helmet. Many think that this object is a prop being held up by strings, but that’s for you to decide…

Wires and cables have explained the high jumps and floating actions of the astronauts.

Conspiracy theories have the ability to divide nations; this one in particular. However, with conspiracy theories circulating the internet daily it’s very difficult to determine which are true and which aren’t. Whether this conspiracy theory is true or not is completely for you to decide!

SLOW MOTION WALKING In order to support the theory that the moon landing was fake, theorists had to explain the lowgravity movement of the astronauts. Their explanation was that if the videos are sped up 2.5x then they appear to be walking at Earth’s gravity.

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WHAT THEY’LL NEVER KNOW: THE CORRUPTION OF CHILDHOOD IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY

Do you remember those hot summer days when we were running around the streets and parks, without a care in the world because we were children enjoying the beautiful sun? The best part being out for hours just doing whatever we fancied, you must agree with me! At the park playing on the swings, splashing around in the inflatable swimming pool in our back gardens, riding our bikes until we saw the sunset. That is what they’ll never know, today’s generation and the future generation will never know what it feels like to live carefree anymore.

Teenagers in this generation are definitely the ones missing out, they are on their phones majority of the day, worrying about some drama that’s going on with their best friends, troubles with the boyfriend, fights with the boys at school. These dramas and troubles are carried on for so long and the main culprit for that is social media.

Back in the day, if you had a fight that was it; and there weren’t many fights because there wasn’t a pre-match brawl of words on Twitter or Facebook. And the girls! Oh, the girls! They have to be the worst! All these group chats that they have, talking about this girl, what she’s doing, who she’s with, that causes so much aggro! Girls were never like that before, there was hardly any temporary friendships, friendships were concrete.

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WORDS BY QUENELLE FORBES

The whole reason why there has been such a drastic change is because of the huge turn society took as the new wave of mass media erupted. The internet and it’s emphasis on social media has become the end of intimate relationships and the end of the high level of “chilledness” that we had as children, teenagers and even adults.

The teenagers of this generation hardly see each other, they are more interested in texting and FaceTiming each other rather than meeting up with each other, and there are so many things to do! In the noughties, teenagers would always find something to do, mainly because there was nothing to do, but why should people, of this day and age, be dependent on technology to give them something to do? I’m sure if we asked our parents what their childhoods were like, we would sit there for hours on end listening to their stories, marvelling at the great memories that they made!

That is a great example showing how much media has changed society, and how society has so willingly changed alongside the media.

It seems as if the people of society have no worry about technology taking over and diminishing the memories that could have been created without the use of technology, yet the worries and concern of today have mainly been caused by social media. So why has no one brought this up before? I can hardly be the only one who has realised this, but hopefully people who didn’t see this before can see it now as they read through this article. Society has so easily conformed to the changes in media and yet there seems to be more disadvantages than advantages. For example Facebook’s motto is ‘Facebook helps you connect and share with the people in your life’, yet the site takes you away from really connecting with people, actually seeing people and having a face-to-face conversation.

However, it seems as if society has just slipped so easily under social media’s spell and the comfortableness of social media makes it addictive for society, explaining why the future will never know what is was like to have a childhood when technology didn’t take over our lives. They’ll never just run around in the sun for hours and hours.

QUESTION: WHY ARE WE OBSESSED WITH THE PAST? WORDS BY MENA HARUN

Simple. The past holds every little detail of our lives, from our happiest memories to our darkest moments. Like a computer, the past stores the data that contributes or hinders our development.

Perhaps obsession can be defined as either an emotion, thought or an idea that persistently preoccupies as well as dominated the mind of an individual. Nostalgia on the other hand is the longing to relive our past. However, nostalgia relates more to the emotions that we had felt during a specific time frame. It allows us to compare the cherished time we had in the past to the present.

One of the main reasons why we obsess with the past is because of

comparison. For example, how many of us wish to relive the days where there was no pressures of work, education and relationships?

The reason we yearn for these times is because stress causes our mind to fall back on memories that provide us with tranquility.

Usually, this is an escape mechanism; when us humans find ourselves in difficult situations, we reminisce about moments that aid to ease that pressure.

Another question; how many of us wish that we could go back in time and change the events and situations that led to undesirable outcomes? The answer is, all of us.

This allows me to move onto my explanation of why humans obsess over the past.

It’s human nature to regret our actions, mistakes and judgements.

The past is often filled with dark memories that we attempt to lock away. Yet, our subconscious awakens the ghosts in our dreams and we find ourselves haunted by the spirits. We obsess because we long to go back and correct those anomalies.

Moving on. Two simple words, yet a difficult task to carry out.

Ultimately, we should never regret the choices we make because each situation has the ability to teach us life lessons, contributing to our development as well as our understanding. In order to progress and grow, we need to make mistakes, how else can we learn?

Yet as we grow, our mind starts to ask questions about the struggles of our past. Like a puzzle, we look for closure. However, sometimes closure isn’t easy to obtain and for every question you ask, more questions are produced. The past becomes a centre of obsession in order for us to understand why things happened the way they did.

Perhaps it isn’t easy to let go of our past - late at night our thoughts harbour. They come alive and take over, making us remember every bad incident that occurred and every problem that we once had.

The past is the net that catches every aspect of our life, we don’t have the strength or the luxury of unlimited time on our hands. Let’s stop obsessing and live now.

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THE SUFFRAGETTES: If you were told that you couldn’t

vote, simply because you were female, you would be furious right?

Before 1928, this was the case. Women had no place in politics. They could not vote, let alone stand for election.

It was decided that the husband would take care of all political matters. Women were merely there to birth the babies and bake the cakes. The government and it’s patriarchal mindset had placed a tape over the mouths of women for years and it was about to be ripped off.

Emily Wilding Davison. At the 1913 Epsom Derby, she threw herself under the King’s horse and was killed. It is considered the most famous act in Suffragette history and believed that Emily had become a martyr for ‘The Cause’ in the fight for the women’s vote. It was one incident that was born out of years of protest, arrests, hunger strikes and demonstrations. Women were uniting in demand for their voices to be heard. But the fight for the vote was divided. The National Union of Women’s Suffrage, formed in 1897 by Millicent Fawcett, believed in peaceful demonstrations in an attempt to persuade men that women were ‘sensible’ enough to have the vote. Others, however, could not wait that long. Emmeline Pankhurst formed the Women’s Social and Political Union in 1903, which took a more aggressive approach. These women were repeatedly arrested for their actions. Although the strategies were different, the end goal remained the same. All of these groups, violent or not, were fighting for the same cause.

The enormity of everything that these women did for suffrage cannot be put into one article, but the intensive campaigns and struggles finally had result. The Equal Franchise Act was granted in 1928, giving women the vote.

If it were not for women like the Suffragettes, we may not be living with the freedoms and rights that we share today.

Politically speaking, we have seen women progress from silence to standing for election. Global gender equality is nowhere near balanced, but history has taught us that society has the ability to advance.

Whether or not you agree with the views of Natalie Bennett, Leanne Wood or Nicola Sturgeon, when you see them at the forefront of a political party, debating on TV with the likes of David Cameron, Nigel Farage, Nick Clegg and Ed Miliband; they are not just representing their politics, they are a clear example of the progression that women have made in politics.

If you are a woman, you are not just voting for your favourite political party. You are voting on behalf of all other women who still do not have the vote. You are showing the world that progress can be made towards equality. Your vote is a salute to all those who fought hard for women to have their voices heard. Your vote is for all those who died fighting for their right to demand change.

Your vote means so much more than just crossing off a ballot paper.

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THE WOMEN’S SOCIAL AND POLITICAL MOVEMENT AND WHY YOU SHOULD VOTE. WORDS BY KARA DIGBY

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[Sep 22, 1989] “IN DEEP” A Visual Created by Timothy Dotson MODEL: MARIAH Instagram/RatedRetro PHOTOGRAPHER: Timothy Dotson of Creative Minds “Ambitious, optimistic, virtuous and artistic - all of these adjectives which helps form the man I am today” Born in Cambridge, Maryland and raised in Norfolk, Virginia. Timothy is a young man who graduated from Granby high school.

During his years at high school Timothy knew music would be his one and only passion, which is slightly true, because within music he found one his biggest passions today photography.

Timothy picked up a camera trying to find a way to cut out the middle man for his videos, however sometimes your fate finds you, and with that being said Timothy found himself doing multiple photoshoots. Over the years Timothy has become one of the most successful self taught artists in Norfolk.

Timothy does not like to look at himself as a photographer, but rather as an artist which is why he often goes by the name Virtuoso (n. a person highly skilled in music or another artistic pursuit). Timothy is one of the COCEO's of Creative Minds Media Group, a producing media collective that strives on authenticity.“Be Your Own Voice Not Someone Else’s Echo” Timothy is a young business man that has an eye for cultivated and cultured art, success is sure guaranteed when you refuse for your foundation to be shaken, everything he is doing and will do will all have its place in the puzzle of life.

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KEEP ON DREAMING: HAS THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT ACHIEVED ALL IT AIMED TO? WORDS BY KEISHA BRUCE

Granted, nostalgia is supposed to be about sentimental memories from the past, and this subject matter is far from the pleasant aspect that this theme should be about. However, when else is the best time to discuss society’s past and its impact on our contemporary culture?

Arguably one of the biggest movements in the Twentieth Century was the Civil Rights Movement of the 50s and 60s. The common belief about the movement is that it was a long time ago - very distant history. However, it wasn’t that long ago at all. Martin Luther King was assassinated in 1968, 47 years ago. That’s the same age as many of our parents. Not old at all. The Civil Rights Movement didn't end with the death of King either. At the time of death he still had much more to accomplish, yet with his death and the few legal changes, society believed that Civil Rights were granted and the movement was over. This is not the case. The leaders were fighting for much more than solely law change; a change in behaviour, attitude and de facto segregation were also on their agenda.

THE AIMS OF THE MOVEMENT In brief the main goal of the movement was to end racial segregation and discrimination in all states of the United States. In order to achieve this, the movement leaders had to address multiple issues, such as bus segregation, educational segregation, police brutality, employment opportunities, the voting rights of African-Americans and housing.

Although some of these problems were solved during the movement, not all of them were emitted from society. In that case, no, the Civil Rights movement did not achieve what it aimed to. Here’s why…

POLICE BRUTALITY The Civil Rights Movement involved excessive violence from the white police, to a point where children marching for equality were being hosed down, blood baths were held outside churches and temples, and an incredible amount of black protesters

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were imprisoned and/or murdered. In his March on Washington 1963, ‘I Have a Dream’ speech King said “We [African-Americans and Civil Rights Activists] can never be satisfied as long as the Negro is the victim of unspeakable horrors of police brutality.” The speech was regarded as the “end to racism”, however, even in today’s society, we are still exposed to police brutality against AfricanAmericans.

In the past few years numerous accounts of police brutality has been recorded over the United States. In July 2014, Eric Garner was murdered by police after being held in a fatal chokehold. In August the same year, police officer Darren Wilson killed the unarmed, 18 year old Michael Brown.

Two days later, in LA, 25 year old, mentally-ill, unarmed Ezell Ford was shot by two police officers. In November, 12 year old Tamir Rice, who carried a fake gun was shot by Cleveland Police. There are more; Walter Scott, 2015, Freddie Gray, 2015, Kelly Thomas 2010, and Gil Collar 2012 are naming a few of the deceased. The explicit and praised police brutality that existed in the 60s has evolved into something more sly and cunning. Many argue that the police were in the right standing their ground - however, in all cases, the victims were innocent. The underlying issue in these crimes is that the police are racially profiling. This fear of black criminality has spawned to the extremes were many innocents are still dying at the hands of the institution that’s provided as our protection.

SEGREGATION IN SCHOOLS In 1954 the Supreme Court ruled that segregation in educational facilities was unconstitutional, as there was no way that the “separate but equal” doctrine could be applied to schooling. Three years later however, in 1957, nine African American pupils were set to join a previously all-white school in Little Rock, Arkansas. Already this demonstrates the difficulties in desegregating schools - it took three years to admit nine pupils, and when these nine pupils arrived at the school

“ONE HUNDRED YEARS LATER, THE NEGRO IS STILL NOT FREE. ONE HUNDRED YEARS LATER, THE LIFE OF THE NEGRO IS STILL SADLY CRIPPLED BY THE MANACLES OF SEGREGATION AND THE

CHAINS OF DISCRIMINATION. ONE HUNDRED YEARS LATER, THE NEGRO LIVES ON A LONELY ISLAND OF POVERTY IN THE MIDST OF A VAST OCEAN OF MATERIAL PROSPERITY.”

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“WHO TAUGHT YOU TO HATE THE COLOUR OF YOUR SKIN?”

they were greeted with an angry mob of 2000 white civilians, a Governor who set a troop to prevent them from entering, and verbal and physical abuse.

Eventually, with the aid of 10,000 military troops, the pupils were able to enter the school. But only for one academic year until all the schools closed in the state as a result of the reluctance to desegregate. These problems persisted throughout the sixties and seeped into the seventies.

Legally, segregation was prohibited in schools and universities, however, to counterbalance this, many white citizens fled inner-state areas and moved to the suburbs - areas where African-Americans couldn’t afford to live. In turn, this led to many schools being segregated through de facto means and this problem still persists to this day. In 2002, out of the 93 schools in Atlanta, around 54 had 1 or 2 white pupils, while a further 21 schools had none, demonstrating that even well into the 21st Century, many schools in the U.S still were “segregated”.

MALCOLM X’s SELF-LOVE PREACHING Martin Luther King focused on problems in the South, whereas Malcolm X served for those in Northern States. It’s a common misconception to believe that X was a Civil Rights Leader - the fact is, he wasn’t. He only participated fully in the Civil Rights agenda during his last year of living, for the majority of his life he was a member of the Nation of Islam. Despite not being a member of the Civil Rights Activists, Malcolm X, a man who was brought up in the tough hardships of inner city life, preached about problems that needed more than just a law to change them. He looked into the thought of both black and white citizens, and the beliefs and actions.

Malcolm X believed that life in the North was corrupting black culture. It taught African-American’s to adhere to cultural norms that weren’t their own.

Malcolm X aimed to unite AfricanAmericans and praise black culture. An issue he drew attention to was the “conking” and straightening of hair. He believed that this was a way of rejecting black culture and livelihood. If we use

Malcolm X’s approach to explore black culture, then it’s true. In today’s society black hair is deemed ‘ugly’. Words like ‘nappy’, ‘rough’, ‘picky’ and ‘tough’ are words that are often used to describe the tight curls that black hair is full of.

We are taught that black hair cannot be beautiful in today’s society, and straightening techniques, chemicals and weaves are promoted as a way of “dealing” with this.

Skin bleaching is also something that Malcolm X was against. Fortunately, in our present society bleaching isn’t as popular as it once was, however it still exists. There are many theories flooding the internet stating the ideas that many celebrities bleach their skin tone, or use photoshop to make their complexion lighter - Nikki Minaj and Lil’ Kim are accused to have done this.

WHAT NOW? Despite the Civil Rights Era being quite a while back, we are still living in the repercussions of the white supremacist world that once existed.

It’s narrow-minded to think that in only fifty years, thousands of years of discrimination and oppression can be omitted from society. We are still fighting for equality, and to ignore this fight and struggle is to assume that society is okay as it is. Martin Luther King was successful in securing the Voting Rights Act, Civil Rights Act, and desegregating public transport.

However, we need to take a neoMalcolm X approach to dealing with society’s issues. We have the laws in our stride to lead society into an equal place for all races, and we have Martin Luther King, E.D Nixon, Rosa Parks and many other Civil Rights Activists to thank for that. We must use these laws to harness a social change, and like Malcolm X wanted, alter the way that people act and people think about black culture.

The Civil Rights Movement didn’t achieve what it set out to. We are still in need for greater change. The Sixties was only the beginning.

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THE LOOMING FUTURE OF “POVERTYSTRICKEN” BRITAIN WORDS BY NIKKI WOODCOCK

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The word ‘poverty’ has been spreading like wild fire in recent weeks. It has cropped up numerous times throughout the recent election campaigns and TV debates. “Policies are pushing children into poverty. There’s a million additional children estimated to be living in poverty in this country by 2020. That is not right”, to quote Nicola Sturgeon.

Is she right? Are there people in Britain living in poverty? Is poverty the right way to describe the state of the poorer members of our society? ……. Historically in Britain, being in poverty meant being unable to afford food to eat, not having shelter, not having a sufficient amount of clothes on your back, a lack of education and a generally low quality of life. Nowadays, the word has changed its meaning – which we can see from the way the government use it on such a nonchalant basis.

There may well be those at this level of ‘poverty’ – but it will be an extremely scarce sight in the Britain we know today. You simply have to look at the news to see poverty in various parts of the world – but not on our doorstep. …………… ……………… …… … … …It is often a word used in English society to exacerbate the meaning of being poor which consequently detracts from its original connotation. The word ‘poverty’ is defined by the Oxford English Dictionary as “the state of being extremely poor”. Therefore it seems logical to rethink our usage especially when it is being used in the context of Sturgeon referring to poorer members of society who have no disposable income but still possess clothes, shelter and food. Our language has become inevitably relative to the time period of our society. But shouldn’t some words sustain their original meaning when, in this case, poverty (as it’s historically known) still exists in some countries at the same level when you consider it on a worldwide basis? Regardless of the possibility that the wealth of certain countries has increased. ………. ………… ………… …………. …. … … …Everybody has varying definitions of what poverty means, but the fundamental origin still remains. Generally speaking, this tends to differ from the government or the media’s definition. But should that be so? We all know the influence that the media and the government can have on our society – and this is no exception. It changes the way in which we digest an article, a news programme or a radio podcast. You could be reading the word in an article describing the recent fatal natural disaster in Nepal and see it again when

reading about the unemployed ‘poverty stricken’ benefit claimers in Britain. Where can we draw the fluctuating line? There is a big difference between someone who is ‘poor’ and someone who is living in ‘poverty’. We know the definition of poverty as stated earlier, but now compare it to that of the word ‘poor’. The Oxford English Dictionary defines it as “lacking sufficient money to live at a standard considered comfortable or normal in a society”. See the difference? bbfkdfnsdbfnsbfmnbd ….This is a more suitable word to use to portray those in our society whom Sturgeon is describing.

Perhaps it was the persuasive MP in her exacerbating the reality to win some votes – but is that not undermining those who are actually living in poverty? Considering her ‘careful’ use of words, I doubt the legitimacy of her statements at face value. kksjdfkjskfklsdjfklsjflkjsdkfljsdklfj sf sdks … … Unfortunately, this word has been changing meanings for a while now in our 21st century; it is even used in official statements from the Office of National Statistics. To quote their 2013 paper Poverty and Social Exclusion in the UK and EU “people are considered at risk of poverty or social exclusion if they are experiencing one of three conditions – having a household income below the poverty threshold, being severely materially deprived, or living in a household with low work intensity.” It is clear that the shift in meaning is drastic and a universal definition would eliminate these discrepancies. This entire discussion is not limited to this one word either; the same could be said for ‘crisis’. ss dasjdaskjdsa dsadasdas asdasdsa asda A major shift in the use of a word in spoken language has, rightly so, a knock-on effect on our written language. But to avoid certain detrimental changes in meaning in the first instance, we must look to our spoken custom and simply be selective in our word choices and ultimately - think before we speak.

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WORDS BY NIKKI WOODCOCK

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EDGED SWORD.

immigration? Does the strain on services, overpopulation or multiculturalism sound familiar? These are just a few of the various perceptions from members of the public revealed in the British Attitudes to Immigration in the 21st Century paper, proving that Britain’s outlook on immigration has dramatically changed over the past two decades.

One reason for this shift in opinion is due to the notable change in the number of immigrants migrating to Britain. Since 1994 the number of people immigrating has outweighed the number of people emigrating – and the number is increasing at a dramatic rate. 2004 marked an important year for the EU with 10 countries, mainly Eastern European, joining including Poland, Slovakia, Lithuania and the Czech Republic, to name but a few. With this membership the population is able to move more freely across borders and the extensive media coverage on this topic has fundamentally contributed to the increasing concern felt among the public since.

The paper mentioned above, published by the Transatlantic Council on Migration in 2009, states that 67% of 15-49 year olds agree that Britain has too many immigrants, with 71% aged 50-64 and 78% aged 65 and over also agreeing with the statement. These figures are eye-opening and truly express the general consensus among the public, setting a challenging time ahead for the soon to be newly elected government.

Political parties have used this as an opportunity to gain more headway with their campaigns in recent months, using immigration as their main focus. UKIP with their “Take back control of our country” campaign, similarly depicting the message of the BNP with their “British jobs for British workers” slogan. These campaigns have caused both outrage and support from the population, but there is a distinct subliminal tone of blame culture on the immigrants who have moved to Britain. These parties along with the immigration media prism we find ourselves in, have helped to form an ideology that immigrants are healthcare exploiters and job stealers – forming a double-edged sword of divided opinion.

Is this racism? Or stemming from ‘national pride’ at wanting to keep Britain British? Is the rise in ‘racist’ campaigns all too commonplace? Are we forever damaging the truth of what an immigrant is and creating a harmful stereotype for the future?

All of these questions address the ongoing changes and challenging debates regarding the perception of immigrants in our society – it is clear the perception has shifted and is likely to continue shifting. Let’s face it, the British have never been good at accepting change, but with a distinctly more liberalised youth emerging – how will we change the imminent future of Britain?

IMMIGRATION: THE DOUBLE-

What comes to mind when you hear the word

“THE NUCLEAR FAMILY” - THE OUTDATED CONCEPT .

WORDS BY NIKKI WOODCOCK

The concept of the ‘nuclear family’ is a fairly outdated and old-fashioned term for what society deems as the ‘normal’ family. It is defined as a single family unit consisting of the mother, father and their biological children. It often, if not always demands marriage as its uniting entity. With same-sex marriage being legalised on 29th March 2014 and divorces being evermore on the increase, (with 118,140 divorces in 2012), it shows just how far society has come with accepting all types of families rom all walks of life. The question we must ask however is: are families that do not conform to the ‘norms’ of the nuclear family really dysfunctional?

By categorising families this way we are inevitably segregating people. Shouldn't any family simply be called a family? Does not adhering to the norms of the nuclear family and having a ‘non-linear’ family mean that you love each other any less? Using terms such as “same-sex family”, “lone parent family” and “nuclear family” encourages preconceived ideas about what is right and wrong in the mind-set of a pre-millennial conservative right-winger. It is evermore damaging to the hundreds of happy and functional families who may not radiate this traditional family structure. Looking at the continuous adaptation of our British society and slightly jumping on the bandwagon of political correctness - should these terms be eliminated from 21st Century vocabulary?

Language has increasingly become a reflection of our society; its values and beliefs throughout our past, present and ultimately the future. The media have a big part to play in the progression of language, its use and consequently its place in the dictionary of today.

However, the term “nuclear family” is still in use, therefore inadequately reflecting our increasingly liberal society.

We have come so far with the Marriage (Same-sex Couples) Act being passed, along with other significant laws such as the Adoption and Children Act in 2005 which legalised same-sex adoption - so with a country’s language being an indicator, and arguably a defining characteristic of its social, ethical and political beliefs, shouldn’t our language reflect our actions?

The American Nuclear Family in 1955

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SNAPS FROM THE PAST: Do You Remember…

The original Ronald Mcdonald in 1962, played by Willard Scott

On the set of batman 1966

Saturday Night Fever - the disco craze of the seventies

Buzz Aldrin’s selfie from space on the first moon landing.

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Afghan girl - the famous face of National Geographic in the Eighties

Robin Williams joining the Cheerleading Squad (1980)

Michael Jackson’s first moonwalk 1983

Will Smith on set for The Fresh Prince of Belair Kobe Bryant aged 18 in 1996

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NOSTALGIA IN REVERSE, THE LONGING FOR YET ANOTHER STRANGE LAND, GREW ESPECIALLY STRONG IN SPRING. - VLADIMIR NABOKOV

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WRITTEN BY SIAN O’FLAHERTY, PR & COMMUNICATIONS MANAGER AT STYLIGHT

7 OF THE MOST MEMORABLE FASHION SHOWS EVER! http://www.stylight.co.uk/ Every so often a designer showcases a collection that’s not only full of lust-worthy clothes but also features breathtaking set design, a killer soundtrack and an innovative, memorable concept. As avid followers of runway coverage every fashion week season we wait with baited breath, praying to the style gods for one of these unforgettable shows to appear. To celebrate these incredible fashion feats STYLIGHT took a nostalgic look back at 7 of the most infamous runway shows from the past…

1. CHANEL SUPERMARKET - FALL 2014 King Karl pulled out all the stops for his Fall 2014 collection and turned Paris’ Grand Palais into a Chanel supermarket with over 100,000 double C branded items. From steaks and crisps to laundry powder and even chain saws, Lagerfeld left no stone unturned as he created fully stocked supermarket aisles for the models to sashay down. Conjuring images of Dale Winton and Supermarket Sweep this was a show filled with humour, fun and vivacity.

2. DIOR COUTURE - FALL 2012/13 If romance is your thing Raf Simons’ debut collection for Dior Couture didn’t disappoint. Set in an impressive Parisian mansion against a backdrop of one million fresh flowers, the show took the best of Dior archive influences and blended this with modern prints and alternative fabrics. The show was overwhelmingly beautiful and was seeped in elegance and femininity.

3. LOUIS VUITTON - S/S 2013 Like a huge game of fashion chess the S/S 2013 Vuitton show saw models slowly descend down four escalators onto the runway. They moved two by two whilst wearing sixties, mod inspired checkerboard outfits creating a truly stylish optical illusion. Delightfully surreal!

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4. FENDI - F/W 2007 Never one to shy away from a spectacle Karl Lagerfeld managed to create the world’s longest runway show for Fendi in 2007 on The Great Wall of China no less! Although it took a year to get permission and cost just over $10 million dollars that’s a small price to pay for a catwalk show on one of The New 7 Wonders of the World.

5. ALEXANDER MCQUEEN - F/W 2006 McQueen was famous for his spectacularly theatrical shows and his F/W 2006 one particularly mesmerising. He surprised the audience with a life-sized hologram of Kate Moss in a glass pyramid that used state of the art technology. This ethereal image was haunting and really pioneered the revolution of tech and fashion fusion.

6. LOUIS VUITTON - F/W 2012 In his F/W 2012 show for Louis Vuitton, Marc Jacobs used a bespoke, custom created steam train to evoke the romantic age of train travel.

Costing $8 million the train was a fantastical showpiece that was even transported to China for another Vuitton show in Shanghai.

7. PIERRE CARDIN - S/S 2008 It doesn’t get crazier than Pierre Cardin’s S/S 2008 show set in desert dunes on the outskirts on China in Dunhuang province. Mainly known as an old Silk Road trading area Cardin shows over 200 outfits along a huge stretch of desert. The outcome was really quite spectacular.

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LUCY talks:

DENIM OVER THE YEARS

From jeans to dungarees, there has

- 1960s and the Double Denim trend

The 60s were certainly a time for experimenting - whether it was in clothing, sexuality or drug-taking, popular culture dined on a platter of experimentation.

Double denim could well have been a disaster, and it probably was to a lot of people, however, without the double denim of the 60s, we wouldn’t have the faux denim chambray shirts that are oh-so much easier to wear!

You only need to open a random page of any fashion magazine to know that the 70s have come back to haunt us. Flares and bellbottoms aplenty; the 70s have cemented their place in the denim hall of success, with their leg extending exaggerated bootcut jeans.

- 1970s bell bottoms

always been a constant tumble of trends in the denim department from decade to decade. Denim is a staple item in men, women and child’s wardrobe aline - and just like any garment, the trends that we’re wearing now are a recycled and regenerated version of what was created years ago. Some of these trends have been a success and have been made iconic by celebrities in the fashion, music and film industries, whereas others are cringe-inducing and are blocked out by the more fashion forward.

The concept of jeans originated in 1873, when Levi Strauss and Jacob Davis patented the idea - denim trouser and overalls had been around for years before that, but only served as work trousers for the majority of working men.

The 1950s were really when jeans became a big trend, with James Dean immortalising the classic blue jeans in the film Rebel Without a Cause. The straight leg, blue denim jean isn’t exactly an exciting trend nowadays, however, it was groundbreaking stuff back then, as seeing a famous young actor wearing them paved the way for more trends to emerge.

- 1950s James Dean in the straight legged jeans

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- 1970s bell bottoms , posted on Flickr, Erika, Beach 10

The 80s was a dark place full of grungey ripped jeans and studs everywhere. The reinvention of the distressed jeans that we saw big for many recent seasons is a softened version of the 80s Punks uniform style.

- Destiny’s child in the 00s rocking the embellished jeans

- The classic ripped jean is rooted back in 1980s punk culture.

The 90s opposed to the 80s and were all about what we know today as ‘the boyfriend fit’ jeans. High or low waisted with a baggy tapered leg, these trousers have been an ongoing trend ever since they were reintroduced back into the high street a few years ago!

I don’t think anybody looks back at the style of the 2000s with fond memories. Full of diamanté embellishment and butterfly embroidery, we can only hope that nobody tried to bring this back into fashion anytime soon.

Finally, our grandparents may not like them, but most people will agree that the 2010s have been all about the skinny jean.

Sure, we still have the boyfriend cut, and the distressed pair in our wardrobe, but the skinny jean is that old (or in this case, new) faithful staple that will always have a place in our hearts. The 2010s have managed to harness almost all of the denim trends from previous years, not failing to forget the classic oversized denim jacket, and denim military dresses. Much like the rest of everything else in society, the denim trend will always be a combination of the previous years.

- These jeans from Missguided, harness two classic looks,; the grunge style of the 80s, and the skinny jean craze from the 2010s

- Another pair of skinny jeans available at boohoo.com

- ‘Mom jeans’ were another trend of the nineties - here’s the cast of Beverly Hills, 90210 wearing the trend

- 90s R&B Girl Group TLC, in oversized dungarees

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PICK YOUR ERA! FIND YOUR VINTAGE FASHION LANGUAGE… WORDS BY YSABEL O’CARROLL

With summer fast approaching, the racy and more daring trends are appearing and I can’t help but notice that after a long winger of black jeans and cropped tops people are becoming more reluctant to take new fashion risks. It can be easy to fall into the same old outfit, there’s something about the passion that the public has for clothes that seems to be blown away with the harsh winter winds. But have no fear; summer is here! Since you will be buying a brand new summer wardrobe anyway, there’s no better time to shake your style up a little…

Let’s face it, inside everyone there lies a quirky, retro queen/king who is just bustling to get out.

Unfortunately however, in the in the harsh judgmental society we live in nowadays it can be difficult to express ourselves through fashion when conforming to the norm is much more comfortable.

The first step to finding your style starts at home; make mood boards or even just collect images of clothing which reflect your mood each day, this should give you an idea of the way you will want to dress. By thinking about your outfit and the tiny details which complete the look, you can really gain respect and passion for the amount of influence that your mood has on your clothes.They will also give you inspiration whilst shopping. For example, after making mood boards, I found myself with lots of photographs of mid-length skirts; this inspired me to take a vintage skirt and modernise it into a current trend by adding metallic shoes and bohemian tops.

Now, the next step is the hardest… especially if you’re a clothes hoarder like myself. A closet clear out is needed. Be ruthless. The way I like to discipline myself is by never letting myself utter the words that are equivalent to cursing in fashion culture: “I will wear it someday.”

No - somehow I don’t think you are going to wear that child’s luminous

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pink blazer any day soon.

Now you actually have some room in your wardrobe, it’s time to hit the shops, armed with credit cards and a focused mind. When shopping it is important not to be a shopping snob - something which took me years to master. I refused to set foot in a charity shop, but when I was finally dragged into one it blew my mind.

The amount of hidden gems in these stores is scary, honestly. If you find it hard to unearth these gems then start in vintage shops where the gems are already displayed. It is easy to get carried away - try to find around three starting pieces for each one. You will find that certain items interchange and look good with more than one mood.

Vintage style doesn't have to be 100% vintage. I love doing mashups with my clothes. I often find myself with key vintage staples and then spend hours finding new ways to make them exciting and interesting.

Another challenge I like to give myself whilst shopping; I must come home with at least one colourful item. Black may be slimming, but did you know that lilac, red and khaki green are too? Past era are full of colour! Take the 70s - it’s hard to find something monochrome in a vintage store!

Reaching the final stage - and potentially the hardest stage - you will need to dive deep and find your inner Rihanna. She doesn’t care about what anybody thinks of her outfits and neither should you. If she can reflect herself through her clothes when the whole world is watching, then so can you! If you like it, wear it. It doesn’t take long for you to feel like a complete badass when you neglect all of society’s norms and wear what you want. So use fashion as your language and reflect a more diverse society, challenge yourself!

50s 60s 70s 80s 90s 00s

NOSTALGIC INSTAGRAM: #vintage and its social media influence WORDS BY CAITLIN BOAK

The hashtag #vintage has been

- Instagram user and fashion blogger @Solanah

- Fashion blogger Keike Lynn, instagram/keikolynn

used in over 23 million posts on Instagram. From the young to the old, almost everybody is obsessing with the past. The younger generation of women and men that have not been exposed to the real eras of the past have taken to Instagram in order to create a reborn and modernised version of what they missed in terms of fashion by using photography skills and iPhone filters.

When asked about why she loved the style of vintage, Instagram user Solanah Cornell has this to say about the trend, “I’m attracted to vintage because it’s such a broad range of style and experimentation is endless.”

People who appreciate modern trends may find he fascination with vintage a tad off, however, this is not stopping vintage fashion lovers getting ‘likes’ on their Outfit of the Day by Instagram addicts. Instagram as a whole has turned into a visual diary of sorts, with people mindlessly posting their daily life online.

So in consideration why not post about your love of vintage fashion? In ways retro lovers get to use the hashtag #throwbackthursday when their style reflects the past. The conclusion of this is that the #selfie is out and #vintage is possibly the new craze for the fashion enthusiasts.

Dina Stone - instagram/neveroutofdate

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JAW-DROPPING CATWALK MOMENTS

WORDS BY ALEX SIMONICS

Since this month we're looking back in time and focusing on nostalgia, when else would be the perfect time to look back on some of the most memorable moments that have happened on the runway over the years?

Usually when people think of a fashion show, it's all very serious because let's face it - all of our attention is focused on the latest designs. However there have been plenty of jaw-dropping moments, some of which so outrageous that it even caught the attention of those who don't usually follow fashion shows. So let's take a look back at some of the moments we may never forget (or if you did, here's a reminder...you're welcome).

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1- Vivienne Westwood Runway show in Paris, 1993 - Naomi Campbell falling in Westwood’s infamous high platforms

2- Emanuel Ungaro Spring 2010 - While many celebrities branch in to fashion, Lindsay Lohan’s attempt to infuse her 'artistic advisement' with the French Fashion House was quite the flop. A little

3- Louis Vuitton Paris Fashion Week 2011 What’s a better way of making a statment? By smoking of course. Kate Moss ignored the usual smoking ban and walked the runway with a cigarette.

4- Alexander McQueen Spring 1999 - A true show stopper- spray painting robots transformed the model’s plain white dress into a gorgeous painted piece. McQueen sure knew how to put on a show.

WORDS BY LEILA JONES

90S TO NOW: HOW CELEBRITIES ARE LEADING THE WAY TO A 90s REVIVAL

The 90's. Kate Moss and Johnny Depp.

Kurt Cobain and Courtney Love.Whilst relationships were colourful to say the least, fashion was not. It was grungy and dark to match the chords on Kurt's guitar and the films that Johnny starred in. Flash forward to 2015, Johnny is married to actress Amber Heard and Courtney Love is well…Courtney Love - but some trends of the 90's are back better than ever.

CALVIN KLEIN UNDERWEAR The most well recognised fashion campaign of the 90s was easily a fresh faced Kate Moss looking flawless in crisp white Calvin Klein underwear. This year, they're back in a big way with the hashtag #MyCalvins and Kendall Jenner taking over the campaign. Leave the underwear on show above your blue jeans and you've nailed the trend.

BABY HAIR Baby hair was THE hairstyle of the 90's.

Everyone from Brandy to Michael Jackson was slicking down the tiny hairs on their forehead and now, the look is back with the hottest stars in music including FKA Twigs and Katy Perry rocking the baby hair. We even saw it on the catwalks at Givenchy back in February. them!

DOC MARTENS BOOTS These clunky shoes seem to be in fashion pretty much every decade, but in the 90's they were a cult sensation with the grunge wearing teenagers. In 1992, Drew Barrymore rocked them in the film Poison Ivy. In 2015, even Kim Kardashian West's daughter North is wearing them! She's wearing hers with an adorable bomber jacket dedicated to her daddy Kanye, but

we suggest you check out the high street for yours!

FLANNEL One of the most iconic films of the 90's was Clueless. It featured Brittany Murphy as a flannel wearing outcast who is made-over by the popular girls, and the flannel shirt became a staple of 90s fashion. This year, it's being rocked around the waist by the likes of Rita

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WORDS BY SOPHIE SOAR

MODEL MELANCHOLIA: THE ROOTS OF MODELLING AND ITS EXPANSION THROUGH THE DECADES

!

Taylor Swift’s all-star cast of her new music video, Bad Blood, unveiled at the 2015 Billboard Music Awards, delighted the audience as the likes of Cara Delevingne, Gigi Hadid and Karlie Kloss nimbly dodged bullets and nunchucks on a training ground. However, it was Cindy Crawford, an iconic face of the eighties and nineties, whose presence reverberated throughout the short film, despite her appearance of only a few seconds. Famed for that Pepsi advert in the early Nineties, the apt nickname of ‘Headmistress’, a deity amongst models, fittingly encapsulates her interminable reign. The industry has changed immensely since its infancy, and even more so since Crawford’s heyday.

In 1853, the new career was set in motion by Charles Frederick Worth, whose wife, Marie Vernet Worth, became a ‘human mannequin’ for showing off his bonnets and garments: the world’s first model. The business was unaccommodating and relatively anonymous until the late 1950s, when fresh-faces, and beautifully sensual women

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- A portrait of the human mannequin, Marie Vernet Worth

began to transform the industry into what it is known as today the beehived Brigitte Bardot, draped in nautical stripes with a lick of eyeliner, would be the first that comes to mind.

There was still an aloof uncertainty infiltrated around the first half of the Sixties; the employment of women to promote products was a foreign concept concept, until the brand names we know today began to emerge: Twiggy, Joanna Lumley and Jean Shrimpton. These mutilated beauties fast became permeated within the creative world. Musicians fell at their feet; their bodies became artwork, muses to photographers; and they snapped up acting roles, from Twiggy’s cameo part in The Blues Brothers to Lumley’s iconic portrayal of Patsy Stone in Absolutely Fabulous. The creative careers have evolved together, going hand-in-hand as models such as Cara Delevingne take to film, whilst others begin moving into the background of the creative process, as seen with Kate Moss and her current work as a stylist on shoots for Vogue.

The current revival of the

1970s has instigated nostalgic recollections of fabulous flares, the Diane Von Furstenberg wrap dress and Joni Mitchell’s ultimate hippie chic. One cannot forget of course, Bianca Jagger’s white pony antics at Studio 54, in amongst the likes of Kate Bush, David Bowie and Debbie Harry. The icons reigned supreme, whilst quietly in the background, modelling got serious. With Scandinavia unveiling their immense collection of leggy blondes, black models blossoming with the likes of Grace Jones and Naomi Sims, and agencies setting the bar for the current competitive industry, with the birth of Storm, Ford Models and Premier.

Meanwhile, out crept curvaceous Californian creatures, establishing the standard for the first supermodels, and with this new hierarchy came the competitive side. The Eighties saw the industry toughen up, as did their employees; whilst Europe’s fascination with the feminine form remained, New York saw androgyny place its heavy-booted foot in the door, with the introduction of boyish features and shortened hair, foreseeing the trends to come

- The international sex symbol of the Fifties, Brigitte Bardot -

as the industry does best.

The career of the elite few rapidly developed as the Eighties fast approached: pay checks volumised in correlation with the hair, along with the collection of icons.

Linda Evangelista, Christy Turlington and Cindy Crawford would sprawl their toned physiques across fashion publications on a monthly basis, still preserving their idolised status and monetary expectations of the industry.

Evangelista was famously quoted, “I don’t get out of bed for less than $10,000 a day”; a price was placed on beauty, and quality was expected.

The early Nineties fell upon the fashion industry, bringing with it grunge and denim, platforms and plaid, along with Naomi and Kate. Entering the scene amongst the greats, the two brought with them a revolution in the fashion industry and its approach to modelling. Moss’s infamous interview with WWD resulted in her career-defining statement: ‘Nothing tastes as good as skinny feels”. Labelled as ‘Cocaine Kate’, the new breed of model emerged as weight fell off the runway almost overnight. Her stick-

Licensed: Nationaal Archief

- Classic beauty, Jean Shrimpton, in 1965

like figure and angular features were coined as ‘heroin chic’, as modelling became associated with drug addiction and the emaciated form.

By the end of the Nineties, the grunge, ‘heroin chic’ look had passed, but the demand for skinny sex appeal resided, unsatisfied, along with the ever-increasing paychecks.

Recently retired Gisele Bundchen paved her way through the maze of castings and runways, firmly ruling as the highest paid model to date: from September 2012 to September 2013, Giselle earned around $42 million, whilst her male counterpart in status earned as estimate of $1.5 million.

Alien, emaciated, prepubescent; the industry today tells a very different story to its establishment in the early Sixties. The demand for unusual and strange features of gaunt cheekbones and large eyes immensely contrasts to the soft-edged cover girls of the previous decades. Hightech Photoshop of impurities, airbrushing cellulite and shaving inches of genetically minuscule waists, has resulted in an explosion of eating disorders - little news to the

- 90s Naomi Campbell rocking thick box braids

modern culture of today. As the rise of the supermodel resulted in the significance of their public image, the modelcome-supermodel-com-role model reaches out to the masses, not only through the print publications, but through various social media websites, such as Instagram, Twitter and Facebook.

The image of the model has been transformed and instilled within us, allowing us to be believe these women to be clothes hangers, whilst the dominant leaders provide a little more personality and flourish: an image of Cara Delevingne eating a burger is laughed at, and Karlie Kloss sipping a milkshake ridiculed.

Despite the direction the business has taken, there is however a modelling melancholia as the industry has curved round, heading back in a full circle. Fitness and healthy eating is promoted, larger models represent the growing reality of weight gain in First World countries, and young female models are beginning to use their social media personalities as a means of promoting the ideological lifestyle associated with their predecessors of the Sixties.

-

- Highest paid super model, Gisele Bündchen

The new face of modelling; the down to earth, burger eating, Cara Delevingne twitter/CaraDelevingne

Behind closed doors, however, there is much less revealed than Instagram would dare to tell, and yet, that’s the way it should be…

The slippery grasp on how things once were is not in reach just yet, however, with the rapid transformations from decade to decade, we can clearly see that the next chapter is yet to be written.

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LB HERS & HIS NAME magazine collate the must have fashion pieces for June THEME: The Roaring Twenties Versus Nineties Vintage (The New Retro)

Think Twenties, think parties. Think sparkling androgyny and liquor filled parties. Think jives and tassels, and straight-lined clothing. Think flappers and gangsters, and jazz and the Charleston. Think fun.

This was a great time to be living in America, (unless you were from a working-class background, or anything other than a White American - but that’s another story). The prohibition made alcohol cheap cheap cheap and women were becoming increasingly liberated, and this new feel was reflected within the fashion.

It was in this era when women started to abandon the classical modes of fashion and wear more comfortable clothes. So that was a big goodbye to ankle-length dresses and corsets and hello to pleated skirts, slim dresses and trousers. One of the first women to cut her hair, strip herself of the corset and don a pair of trousers was Coco Chanel - one of the most influential fashionistas of the period.

The most memorable trend of this decade is the flapper-look. Iconised by the short cut hair, high hemlines and a boyish cut dress. The aim was to reduce the amount of curves on show and adhere to a more masculine look.

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- Actress, Alice Joyce adhering to the Flapper norms in 1926

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1. ACCESSORIZE LUCY CRYSTAL HEAD CHAIN £19 2. TOPSHOP WINTER WHITE S EMBELLISHED CLUTCH BAG £40 4. PUBLIC DESIRE CARRIE HEELS IN WHITE £2 5. RIVER ISLAND GOLD TONE DRAPED CHAIN EARRINGS £15 6. TOPSHOP MIXED GOLD DIGITAL WATCH £35 9. ASOS RECLAIMED VINTAGE GOLD SQUARE CHAIN DISTRESSED DETAIL £16 11. CALVIN KLEIN CK JEANS 90S REISSUE MARKY MARK £90 14. AIR JORDAN CEMENT 4S £135 15. ASOS GOLD LION RING £12

When thinking 90s fashion we immediately reminisce about those shell toed sneakers, thick gold chains, the rise of the sportswear, colourful prints and the beautiful Aaliyah rocking Tommy Hilfiger.

For the females, berry lips and dungarees dominated high street fashion and denim was consuming society.

Hip-hop fashion went mainstream in 1995 with oversized clothing, bomber jackets and baggy jeans and this is the look we’re replicating this issue . Jeans were more popular than ever at this time, and fashion labels Calvin Klein and Ralph Lauren made a comeback.

In this LOOK-BOOK, ‘Twenties versus Nineties” we have complied two looks from each decade. We’re comparing the old-old with the new old. Pick your team!

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SEQUIN SLIP DRESS £65 3. RIVER ISLAND WHITE BOX TASSEL GEM 25 D CHAIN MULTI-ROW NECKLACE BY ORELIA £45 8. ASOS CASIO A159GEA-1EF IN NECKLACE £17 10. ASOS LONGLINE T-SHIRT WITH WOVEN PANELS AND K JEAN £130 12. RAIDERS BEANIE 90S £19 13. FOOTASYLUM 90S RAIDERS JACKET

057 STYLISTS KEISHA BRUCE & NATHANIEL SHARPE

THE SIXTIES: THE

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ANARCHIC DECADE AND ITS FASHION INFLUENCE WORDS BY KEISHA BRUCE

The Sixties was a hectic decade. At the foreground of this period was the Civil Rights Movement and piled on top was wars, and multiple social movements. The fashion imitated the feelings that surrounded this time, freedom and liberation.

The music was blaring and the festivals were live. Hippie culture was dragged to the forefront of mainstream consciousness and positivity was thriving.

Woodstock 1969 wasn't the first festival about and certainly wasn’t the last. These Festival's are no longer limited to a specific genre of music but have been altered for different musical tastes, such as the rap music at Coachella, and the R&B at recent Glastonbury and Wireless Festival. Despite the sound changing, the fashion hasn’t, and almost fifty years later, we still honour the sixties fashion in our ever loved weekends at these festivals.

This month, NAME has collected the perfect pieces reminiscent of the sixties just in time for the Festival madness…

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1. TOPSHOP DRAPE DISC HEAD CHAIN £10 5. TOPSHOP LEATHER SNAKE-EFFECT TASSEL 9. MISS SELFRIDGE AZTEC WRAP BACK TOP £25 2. URBAN OUTFITTERS ECOTE CARPET TAPESTRY BUMBAG BACKPACK £65 10. ASOS FAYDELL GLADIATOR SANDALS £35 IN BLUE AND RED £18 6. TOPSHOP POM-POM SHORTS £32 11.MISS SELFRIDGE FLORAL PRINTED CULOTTE £39 3. RIVER ISLAND BLACK STRAW OVERSIZED FLOPPY SUN 7. ASOS WOODEN PAINTED RING £6 12. RIVER ISLAND GOLD TONE FILIGREE NOSE CUFF £5 HAT £25 8. RIVER ISLAND GOLD TONE DANGLE ARM CUFF £15

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When I was given the brief for this issue of

NAME, “nostalgia”, I wracked my brain long and hard to no avail. At only twenty years old, I struggled to relate memories of my childhood to present-day fashion (somehow, I didn't think crimped hair and sparkly velvet dresses from the noughties quite made the cut). Shortly after, I realised, ‘nostalgia’ didn't have to relate to me personally, but rather, how this idea of nostalgia translates in our contemporary fashion climate. Writing then became easy; whilst growing up, my family and their friends would sit for hours discussing the seventies; the fashion, the food and the fun. Memories of swing-ball in the garden and the hot summer of 1976 always seems to conjure laughter and smiles all around. Bouncing around on space hoppers in the light summer breeze; eating Fab ice lollies whilst listening to the Bay City Rollers; the countdown to Sunday evening’s Top Forty being recorded on a cassette player for the following week. This wistful nostalgia and happy flashbacks only highlight those positive memories of the past; blocking out any cringe-worthy fashion moments and putting on those bug-eyed, rose-tinted sunglasses.

So when I asked my parents, a fashion-conscious couple, what they thought of the revived seventies style, I was confused by their reaction: “Urgh, flares? They're the most unflattering item to ever exist,” exclaimed my Dad. While my Mum uttered something about gaudy patterns, crimpline trousers and plastic boots. With this notion, I must admit, the seventies style doesn't sound all too appealing. Researching the decade, it became clear why my parents’ fashion nostalgia couldn’t stretch to the sweet seventies. Eastern cultures influenced the hippie movement (think heavy, overbearing paisley prints) and designers looked to the Victorian’s for maxi dress styles (ruffles and reams of fabric.) British born designer, Bill Gibb, epitomised this look in a dress designed for Sandie Shaw with flowing fabrics and muddy-hued prints.

Although I will always admire distinct fashion movements over the course of history, I’m not sure those looks should necessarily be recreated in modern day.

But not to fear. Cleverly, the designers of today have eschewed over-the-top fabrics, thrown away the swampy coloured prints and waved goodbye to nineteenth century dress designs. Instead, the seventies revival is a collection of all the best bits modernised with the right cuts, fabrics and colours. Today, we welcome designers like Clare Waight Keller for Chloé, who has based her latest collections (particularly spring/summer 2015) on the highlights of the seventies. Keeping a cool, bohemian vibe, she has extracted the loose fitted dresses and rustic colour palette of the era and made it truly modern. Now we can see the collection on super model Rosie Huntington-Whitely at Coachella, and some of the industry’s most influential bloggers.

Onto the high street and the seventies is everywhere.

Perfect denim shapes and shades at TOPSHOP and laceup block heeled sandals at Zara if you just want a nod to the trend, (as seen on Lucy Williams from fashionmenow.co.uk). This trend has been freshened up to create an easy-to-wear, casual look for summer and

LYDIA TOMLINSON ON

THE SEVENTIES: DARE TO FLARE?

- Rosie Huntington-Whitely wearing Chloé at Coachella 2015, posted on her Instagram @rosiehw, 12/04/15

stepping into Autumn. Wide-leg jeans can be worn as effortlessly with a strappy summer vest as they can a chunky camel sweater for the cooler months.

So, back to ‘nostalgia’; it seems that when we’ve lived through the trend, like my parents the first time around, we're reluctant to go back into the past when fashion reinvents itself. Nostalgia is all about remembering the good, not the bad and definitely not the ugly. So to anyone who’s a seventies skeptic, know that this trend has been through a complete overhaul: just like nostalgia, it’s picked out the best and left the worst firmly in the past. Time to block out images of Kate Bush in that Wuthering Heights video (as much as we love Kate’s dreamy, yet terrifying, take on the Brontë novel) and embrace the style à la Chiara Ferragni. And you never know, I might just be able to get my mum to give those flares a second chance…

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“THEN & NOW”

THE COLLECTION DREALUN BEASLEY

Name: Drealun Beasley (D-RAYLAWN) lol Age: 20 Location: San Diego, California Inspiration: I'm artistically inspired by fashion icon/ Mogul Onika Maraj. Her ability to r e i n v e n t h e r s e l f , r e m a i n unpredictable yet so relatable inspires me.

Future Goals: I would love to see my actual designs come to life.

Working with costume designers/ stylists coming up with looks for particular films/Videos/ tours Or television shows would be a dream.

On the “Then & Now” Collection: Omg I don't know why I didn't do this collection sooner! I grew up on all these shows and each of these girls… well women now. They were my favourite characters of their series. Each one has a symbol of "Then" in there “Now" looks. I lived for Susie's accent and her sass! Her and Penny P were my faves of this collection so I had to keep their looks classic.

From Susie's yellow and purple c o l o u r p a l e t t e t o P e n n y ' s maroon and white over sized baseball jersey with that exaggerated ripped jean.

Overall though this was one of my favourite and most popular collections.

- The Artist, Drealun Beasley

Favourite Illustration: That's a tough one, but it's between the Once upon a time one I did of Ursula: the sea witch. As well as the Cinderella one I did inspired by the 2015 movie. I had to pick two the Libra in me is very indecisive!

FIND THE ARTIST: You can follow me on Twitter @DREEEEYMINAJ Or On Instagram @hoodratken

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CONTACT US AT: EDIT@NAMEMAGAZINE.CO.UK & SUBMIT YOUR WORK TODAY

WE ACCEPT: • ART WORK • PHOTOGRAPHY • DIGITAL ART • GRAPHICS • COMPANY LOGOS • FASHION DESIGNERS • BRANDS

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A WORD ON HOMESICKNESS WORDS BY FILIPE BATISTA

Going abroad is something most people enjoy. Different cultures are often sought out by people wishing to broaden their horizons and learn about the world we live in. The feeling of missing home when abroad affects everyone in different ways, some feel the impact, others don’t. The nostalgic aspect of homesickness is essentially the root of the whole ‘sickness’. It is the feeling of unfamiliarity that leaves you uneasy and possibly unhappy.

With unfamiliarity comes nostalgia and in-turn homesickness. It doesn’t simply make you miss your family and friends,your bedroom or even your favourite takeaway, but imagine your day-to-day activities, such as going to the supermarket, going out to eat, watching TV or using public transport. Now imagine doing those things in a foreign country with a language you don’t know, streets you don’t recognise, food you never had, brands you’ve never seen before and currency that you have to keep converting back and forth. To some it might seem petty or silly. “Embrace it!” They say, “Don’t let the little things get you down.” What about when what’s getting you down are things you have no control over? Little things often pile up and it can be hard to embrace the new when you’re still hung up on the old.

The way to avoid homesickness, other than never leaving home obviously, is to dive in headfirst. Get to know the city as soon as you arrive. If you know you will be staying for longer than just a holiday, then take the first few days to discover your surroundings. As a tourist you expect not to know where to go and some might even find it enjoyable to navigate the map. However for someone who isn’t on holiday, knowing the way and not getting lost gives a certain sense of stability and security. Throwing yourself in the deep end and not holding back is a key part of making your time worthwhile in a foreign country. Any ounce of low self-esteem or diffidence you have are to be thrown out the window as soon as you set foot in the unknown. You're in a foreign country, you are different, and you could even be seen as an annoyance to the locals.

So why not be the person that stands out? Be the person that asks question after question until you understand and most importantly be the person that makes the effort with new faces. You are the alien, and that is something usual and sometimes hard to fully accept. If you don’t want to feel homesick, you need to keep yourself busy. Once you’re occupied with everyday life, the homesickness will begin to fade. Nostalgia and homesickness arise mostly when you have too much time on your hands. Nostalgia is looking back whilst moving forward, homesickness is looking back and standing still. Therefore moving forward and keeping yourself busy is essential to battling that longing to go home, eat your favourite home cooked meal, spend time with loved ones and even sleep in your own bed.

074 INTERNATIONAL @NAME_mag

Amsterdam, The Netherlands WORDS BY KEISHA BRUCE PHOTOGRAPHY BY KEISHA BRUCE

POPULATION: 16.8 MILLION POPULATION (LISBON): 2.332 MILLION MONETARY UNIT: EURO NATIONAL NAME: NEDERLAND LANGUAGES USED: DUTCH ETHNICITY: 81.7% GERMANIC, GALLO-CELTIC, 18.3% CONSISTING OF TURKS, MORROCANS, INDONESIANS ETC. RELIGION: ATHEIST 42%, ROMAN CATHOLIC 28% LITERACY RATE: 99% NATIONAL FLOWER: TULIP NATIONAL SONG: “WILHELMUS VAN NASSOUWE” TRADITIONAL FOODS: CHEESE, BREAD

ARCHITECTURE Armed with 8,863 buildings constructed in the 16th, 17th and 18th Century, the city of Amsterdam is a true contender for the nostalgic city list.

The canal houses are the iconic look for Amsterdam, and the inspiration for many design lovers. These combined with the narrow streets, gardens and traditional stories and tales is perfect for any person looking for a connection with the past. The canal houses in Amsterdam were built in the Dutch Golden Age, where trade, science, military and art were the most acclaimed in the world. Gothic elements still pervaded in this era and is reflected throughout the architecture.

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The classic mode of transportation in Amsterdam is the bicycle. If there’s one thing you surely won’t miss when you’re out there, its the amount of bikes that flood sidewalks, are tied to almost anything and speed past you on the streets..

There are over 881,000 bikes in Amsterdam, beating the amount of cars four times, however, over 100,000 are stolen yearly, and over 12,000 are found in the bottom of canals. The traditional mode of transport is the perfect way to navigate around Amsterdam’s narrow streets, and the best way to see more of Amsterdam’s iconic architecture.

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FOOD AND DRINK Visiting Amsterdam you will not be short on the range of food that you can find. There are plenty of cheese stores if you fancy a bit of traditional food tasting, but for those that want a snack familiar to home, Amsterdam is the ideal place to get a HUGE portion of chips, but it comes at a price. At €4 a portion you truly do get your moneys worth, and the queues that seep out into the roads demonstrate that.

If you do happen to find yourself in Amsterdam, then you MUST MUST MUST pay a visit to The Pancake Bakery located on Prinsengracht 191. The pancakes at this delicious diner are recognised by many as the “best pancakes in town”, and they truly are the best pancakes that Amsterdam has to offer.

Upon entering the bakery you’ll notice that the door is tremendously small, but after a bend in those knees and a crick in the neck, you’ll enter a delightful and pleasant place, full of mystery and odd concoctions, much like Alice did when she fell down the rabbit hole.

With a menu filled with every pancake you can think of, you are spoiled for choice. In the picture to the right, we dined on a delicious Apple pancake (with the apples sliced and cooked with the pancake), topped with cinnamon ice cream, liquor and fresh cream, as well as a toffee waffle pancake with chocolate shavings and cinnamon ice cream. If you don’t fancy sweet treats then you can indulge in a delicious savoury snack with a menu catering to all tastes. However, if there’s one thing you must try it’s the poffertjes - another word for baby pancakes. These thick, two inch pancakes are famous in Amsterdam and can only be found here. With a choice of topping, you can’t go wrong!

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Top Four

OUR ANCESTOR’S HOME WORDS BY KEISHA BRUCE

4. PYRAMIDS OF GIZA, EGYPT Arguably the most famous evidence for ancient civilisations lies within Cairo, Egypt. The pyramids are roughly around 3,000 years old and we still have no idea how they were built, who built them, and what materials were used. The pyramids align to the stars and contain chambers that we are still yet to open.

Many conspiracy theories surround the pyramids and Sphinx, but what we do know is that they are true human engineering fit for the kings.

historians believed that they were wiped out from disease and European conquests.

2. MACHU PICCHU, PERU

3. MOAI STATUES, EASTER ISLAND

Located in the Pacific Ocean, Easter Island is the home to the Moai Statues which are the only thing we have left as proof that people once lived there. The carefully carved, gigantic heads made from volcanic ash are proof of life and the cohesion between the tribes that once thrived. It is not known how the inhabitants became extinct, but many

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Mistakenly referred to as “The Lost City of Incas”, Machu Picchu is located in the Southern hemisphere of Peru. Built in the 1400s by the Incan Empire, the city was abandoned around a century later around the time of the Spanish Conquest.

There are many theories surrounding Machu Picchu, explaining the lives of those that once lived there and why they disappeared. One theory is that the civilisation was wiped out when the Europeans brought small pox into their villages. Another theory is that Machu Picchu was simply a royal retreat rather than a city for the masses. Some cosmetologists even believe that it was aliens who once inhabited Machu Picchu, and they argue this because the design and detail of the city was far too intricate for the Peruvians to create in that time. Yes, this is an extremely limited view, and of course, many modern Peruvians take offence to this approach as they believe (along with almost everybody else on earth) that their ancestors were more than capable of creating the infrastructure.

The city is very difficult to travel to and often has to be reached by long train journeys or walks up the mountain lasting for days. Due to the high level of tourists that visit the heritage site, government officials will be reducing the amount of people that can visit in order to preserve the site.

1. ANGKOR WAT, CAMBODIA Recognised as one of the most important archeological sites in Southeast Asia, Angkor is home to the remains of the temples from the Khmer Empire from the 9th to the 15th Century. The site exemplifies cultural, symbolic and religious significance and values as well as architectural and artistic significance.

The Empire went extinct thousands of years ago, but before this, were famous for building their wide range of temples which have been reclaimed by the jungles.

F traditional

RECIPES

We’ve found you some of the oldest recipes to enjoy this June!

We cannot wait for you to head to the kitchen and try out these delicious desserts! submit yours to food@namemagazine.co.uk

@NAME_mag

@SUGARXFAIRY

@SOCKERFABRIKEN // @FOODBYMALIN

SWEET TREATS

CHOCOLATE CHEESECAKE INGREDIENTS Chocolate Crumble 2 cups plain flour 3 tbsp cocoa 3/4 cup granulated sugar 1 egg 150g butter, room temp.

1 tsp baking powder Cheesecake 900g creamed cheese 1 & 1/3 cup sugar 4 eggs 1 cup sour cream 1 tsp vanilla extract 200g milk/dark chocolate CRUMBLE Mix butter with the sugar into a mixing bowl.

Gradually sift the flour into the mixture along with the cocoa and baking powder Continue to stir the mixture until it resembles dry crumbs.

Add the egg to the mixture until the crumbs have expanded and are wet. (Be careful not to over mix) Press 2/3 of the crumble into the bottom of a springform pan (23cm/ 9in) lined with baking paper.

CHEESECAKE Mix the creamed cheese with the sugar into a mixing bowl.

Add the egg and vanilla extract to the mixture and stir.

Once combined add the sour cream to the mix and stir.

Melt the chocolate over a bowl of boiling water and allow to cool slightly.

Preheat the oven to 180ºC Mix the melted chocolate with one cup of the cheesecake mixture and set aside.

Pour the vanilla cheesecake mixture into the pan with the crumbles.

Using a spoon, drop portions of the chocolate cheesecake mixture over the vanilla layer.

Top with the reserved 1/3 of the crumble mixture.

Bake the cake for 10 minutes Decrease temperature to 160ºC and continue baking the cheesecake for 55 more minutes.

When finished, run the knife around the pan and cool cheesecake at room temperature.

http://www.cukrowawrozka.pl

COOL OFF!

BLACKBERRY & BLUEBERRY ICECREAM INGREDIENTS 125g blueberries 125g blackberries 2 tsp lemon juice 2.5 cups heavy cream 1 can sweet condensed milk

ICECREAM Place the blackberries, blueberries and lemon juice in a blender and blend to a smooth puree Pass through a strainer to remove berry seeds Whip the cream and fold into the condensed milk and the berries Pour the mixture into an ice cream machine until it’s finished

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TRADITION

“NOSTALGIA SMELLS LIKE CINNAMON” - OLLIEBO.BLOGSPOT.CO.UK

“When asked to create a recipe which associate with the theme “nostalgia”, the first thing that came to my mind were cinnamon and apples.

I imagined coming back from school in the late, dark winter evening and my grandmother bustling in the kitchen, preparing dinner for me and my sister. She would bake the best apple pies (served necessarily with big cup of sweet, lemon tea) and cook those amazing chicken wings, which I actually can't stop to think now.

Cinnamon buns are most popular in Northern Europe and USA so back home I never heard of those little sweet treats. We were eating other, equally delicious types of viennoiseries, filled with fruits, custard or marmalade.

For some reason, I still believe nostalgia smells like cinnamon even though as I child I didn't eat much of it. I could bet my grandmother used to add this amazing spice to her apple pies and smell of freshly baked good would fill the room.

I would like to blend this beautiful childhood memory into sweet and fluffy Apple and Cinnamon buns. Even if I've never tried them as a child I believe nostalgia smells exactly like those soft sweet little rolls.”

- Ollie

086 FOOD @NAME_mag

INGREDIENTS (makes 14 buns) Dough 7g dry yeast 118ml warm water 57g sugar pinch of salt 75g butter 118ml whole milk 1 egg 420g flour 2tbsp oil Filling 2 apples 130g melted butter 150g brown sugar, plus 20g to sprinkle on finished buns.

3tbsp ground cinnamon Glaze 75g icing sugar 2tbsp warm water

INSTRUCTIONS Stir the yeast into the warm water and leave it on the side to activate.

In the large mixing bowl, whip together the sugar, salt and butter.

(This will take around two minutes to become white and fluffy) Add milk, egg, half of the flour and whisk it together.

Pour the yeast mix into the bowl along with the remaining flour.

Knead the dough onto a lightly floured surface until the dough becomes thick. (If you are lucky enough to have a stand mixer with a dough hook, use this instead of doing everything by hand. It will be faster and definitely less messy.)

Place the dough into a greased bowl and cover with clingfilm, leaving it to rest until it has doubled

in size (around 1 hour) In the meantime, peel and cut the two apples into small square chunks.

Mix the cinnamon and sugar together.

When the dough is ready, roll it out into a thin rectangle.

Spread melted butter all over it.

Sprinkle with the apples and the sugar-cinnamon mix.

Starting from the longer side of the rectangle, roll the dough up tightly into a log.

Pinch the edges of the dough gently to keep it sealed.

Cut the dough into around 14 even slices Place the buns slightly apart onto a baking tray, and sprinkle with the brown sugar.

Leave to rise for around 40 minutes

minutes.

Preheat the oven to 180ºC. Bake the dough for 30 minutes until it’s golden brown and smells like heaven.

Allow to cool for 20 minutes.

To make the glaze, simple mix the icing sugar and water together in a bowl until smooth.

Finally, use a tablespoon to drizzle the glaze over the baked buns and sprinkle the brown sugar on top.

VOILA!

For more recipes like this one, visit olliebo.blogspot.co.uk alternatively, follow Ollie on Instagram at @Olliebo

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AMERICAN DINERS: CLASSIC AMERICAN FOOD IN THE PREFABRICATED RESTAURANTS WORDS BY KEISHA BRUCE

The American Diner is one of the key characteristics for classic American life - along with hitching rides on the highway and relaxing into the sweet sounding jazz bars of New Orleans.

Offering large varieties of foods, mainly an American cuisine, diners can mainly be found in the Northeastern states of the United States. Famous for their casual atmosphere, distinct structures, a counter and late opening hours they are notable for their classic “stainless steel” exterior.

The first Diner was constructed in 1872 by Walter Scott who sold food out of a horse-pulled wagon to employees in Rhode Island. The walk-up mobile diner caught on and in 1887 a man called Thomas Buckley began commercially producing these lunch wagons. The theme of transportation stuck heavily with diners and in 1939 Roland Stickney designed a diner inspired by the Burlington Zephyr streamlined train, calling the restaurant the Sterling Streamliner. The curved ceilings and narrow structure of these diners are where the attention lies.

Diners remained in the Northwestern States until the years of The Great Depression, when people began to recognise that diners were a great source of income - here began the birth of the diners in other states.

In the 1970s diners were overtaken by large fast-food restaurants and we saw the decline of the traditional, mobile-home inspired architecture of the diners, and the rise of the larger food

buildings. Subsequently, many fast food restaurants are now returning to a diner-inspired look.

Five Guys, one of the leading fastcasual food chains in the world, takes some of its interior inspiration from the classic American diners, and if you step foot into a Five Guys restaurant this influence is not difficult to miss. With a front of house kitchen and a walk-up counter, the initial feel of the Five Guys restaurants is reminiscent of the American Diner. Finalised with booth, and checkered patterns, the restaurants are clearly warped in the nostalgic ambience of American life.

Some of the first Five Guys restaurants have an exterior that replicate the classic diner look. Take the stand alone restaurants for example (as seen below); with the classic white and red colour scheme, enhanced with the thick font and checkered patterns. Although not directly replicating the traditional diners, it’s easy to see where the similarities lie. Finally, even though Five Guys does not offer a wide range of food like its traditional counterparts, it adheres to its roots by offering classic American burgers, hot dogs and fries.

The diner is embedded into American culture and it’s no doubt that the classic look has an impact on the designs of many American restaurants. Perhaps it’s limiting to refer to Five Guys as solely a fast food joint, and perhaps we should honour it as a modern diner instead, paying tribute to it’s traditional forefathers.

- The original Blue Moon Diner in Charlottesville,Virginia

- The interior of one of a classic American Diner

- The interior of one of the many FIVE GUYS restaurants

FIVE GUYS - THE ICONIC RESTAURANT DESIGN INSPIRATION FROM TRADITIONAL AMERICA DINERS - Photograph of a FIVE GUYS restaurant in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

088 FOOD @NAME_mag

HISTORY OF FOOD FOOD DELIVERY SERVICE: A BRIEF HISTORY To think that in the past one could not simply call up and get food ordered to the door. Such harsh times.

However, food delivery service is nothing new, the concept has been in practice since Ancient Greece.

And yes, they delivered pizza, but not how we know it today. In the Aegean Period, along the Mediterranean coast, a delicacy of pastry topped with vegetables, cheese and exotic herbs, was delivered to local patrons in exchange for sheep. Fast forward a few millennia and food delivery was still in existence during WWII in the United Kingdom. Homes that had been bombed during the war and left with its kitchens destroyed would receive food delivered by The Women’s Volunteer Service. Delivering food to the disadvantaged then spread to Philadelphia in 1954 where the primary service was to cater to the elderly or disabled. Ultimately, entrepreneurs took the opportunity and developed the restaurant delivery service, starting with pizza delivery in the Chicago area and spreading worldwide. Thankfully, we are in the era of just-eat and the like. We have various different cuisines at our fingertips without having to pay in sheep, and all thanks to the development of the restaurant delivery service.

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PHOTOGRAPHY BY: LEWIS COOMBS

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WORDS BY BRIANA RAGLER

Like many genres of music in the

western world, hip-hop is a hybrid of stories, songs, and speech traditions which have been nurtured by interactions between Native Americans, Europeans, and African-Americans.

Hip-Hop originates from stylised verses that are often characteristic of rhythm and blues, birthed in the streets of uptown New York City in the late 1970s.

As hip-hop progressed to a more artistic crowd in New York, on the west coast of America it became something more. When one thinks of west coast rap, we often imagine high name game players, it commonly being deemed as no more than brutal lyrics which glorify violence, sex, drugs and murder. To many this may be true, but it is also a ill-informed generalisation because many artists merely spoke of the harsh realities of their surroundings.

In the late 80s and early 90s hip-hop groups rapped about the sociopolitical issues that surrounded their society. N.W.A (an abbreviation of the title ‘Niggaz Wit Attitudes) were a hip-hop group consisting of Ice Cube, Dr Dre, MC Ren, Dj Yella, and Eazy-E. They were often referred to as “gangster rappers” due to the nature of their lyrics and the fact that they broadcasted the will to meet a violent world with shocking fast talk, hard fist and bullets. N.W.A did sometimes adhere to a political stance in their lyrics and this was evident in the song “Fuck da Police” which served as an anthem for racial profiling and other forms of harassment that America is still dealing with today.

With all that being said, the movie, Straight Outta Compton, could have not come at better time. The biographical film recounts the rise and success of the N.W.A. group, depicting their emergence in Compton in the mid-1980s, and their revolutionary culture, with music and stories about life in the hood. The campaign for the movie started late last year, with a trailer featuring rappers Dr. Dre and Ice Cube talking about the story of N.W.A. and how they impacted their community.

N.W.A

THE ORIGINS & THE POWER OF HIP-HOP: STRAIGHT OUTTA COMPTON

- Poster for the Straight Outta Compton Movie

Hip-Hop music will forever provide a platform for young performers to address audiences with serious matters concerning our culture. Issues like disempowerment and an urgent need for societal change, are being reflected in hip-hop.

However, it is popular opinion nowadays, that hip-hop music has lost its core purpose, becoming solely image and no substance, as recent mainstream rappers today simply perpetuating the glamourised ‘gansta’ ideal, instead of making waves, while those who are, are losing their voice and opportunity to be heard on a larger scale. So the question up for debate is, ‘is hip-hop still powerful?’ or has it been lost in its former glory of nostalgia.

One can hope, that with the release of Straight Outta Compton, will come a reemergence of awareness about the harsh realities of inner city environments, in order to enact societal change.

Directed by F. Gary Gray, the movie is due to be released in cinemas on August 14th, 2015.

“HIP-HOP ORIGINATES FROM STYLISED VERSES THAT ARE OFTEN CHARACTERISTIC OF RHYTHM AND BLUES”

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CULTURAL COALITION

- Photograph of Indian Dancers

WORDS BY STEPHANIE NWENWU

If you’ve seen the news at all in 2015, you

will know this year’s election was a major decider for the future of UK arts and immigration policies.

Whilst the sector has seen a plethora of funding cuts to community arts projects over a number of years, the government remains committed to showcasing multicultural talent in the BBC Year of Song and Dance.

One of the most exciting aspects of this project is the BBC Young Dancer competition, televising five episodes throughout this Spring. Each episode exhibits training and performances of 5 young dancers aged 16 - 20 in four categories; contemporary, hip hop, ballet and South Asian dance. Competitors access mentoring workshops from professional dancers and choreographers at Laban Conservatoire for Music and Dance and Newport’s Riverfront Arts Centre. Following this, they perform two solo pieces and one duet at the world famous Sadler’s Wells Theatre, London, with the winner of each category, plus two wildcards, battling it out in episode five’s Grand Final.

Of all the dance styles featured, South Asian is

the most intriguing. In Britain we’re all aware of Asia’s flavoursome foods and spiritual citizens, but what have we learned? Despite Asian subcultures playing a prominent role in contemporary British society, we are just beginning to see this break into the mainstream, with London’s Hindu festival of Holi only in its third year, despite widespread recognition of the annual celebration of colour.

Episode three tangibly intertwines anthropology and art in a way that only dance can, focusing on two of the most popular classical styles – traditional North Indian Kathak and South Indian Bharata Natyam. The former is identifiable by distinguished pirouettes built on intricate footwork which comes to an abrupt stop at the sum, expressive eyes, face and headdress to enhance the performance and stylised gliding movements of the neck and wrists. Birmingham’s Vidya Patel displayed all this and more through elegant artistry, to show how important it is in twenty first century Britain to maintain an cultivate our cultural roots. All episodes of BBC Young Dancer 2015 are currently available to watch on BBCiPlayer.

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"Aaliyah has had probably the

most impact on my career", Drake coos over his idol, "I [did] not feel like I was singing a woman's lyrics because she was speaking generally". There is no doubt that Drake has taken heavy influence from Aaliyah's work, from sampling 'At Your Best (You Are Love)' on his track 'Unforgettable', to the notorious posthumous 2012 "duet", 'Enough Said' to his tracks 'Jungle' and 'Madonna', t h r o w b a c k s t o t h e h y p n o t i c , spellbinding production of 'Hot Like Fire' and 'We Need a Resolution' respectively.

However Aaliyah's modern influence goes deeper than mere sonic parallels.

Aaliyah's ability to break the boundaries and speak "generally" for men and women has pervaded the music industry in the decade since her death. Aaliyah's artistry managed to coalesce themes of emotional vulnerability ('Never No More') to raw, unapologetic sensuality ('Rock the Boat') to the unequivocal anger of 'What If' in which she roars "We'll burn you, we'll cut you, we'll kill you" over a raucous, fuzzy guitar riff that stands out as an odd little gem in an album loaded with silky, soothing instrumentals.

Aaliyah's unification of the vulnerable and unapologetically self-confident aspects of her personality has had perhaps no bigger impact than on today's R&B icon, Rihanna. Her latest single 'Bitch Better Have My Money' draws straight from the explicitly vociferous lyricism of 'What If', replacing the fuzzy guitars with a heavy, industrial, trap beat in which Riri asserts "kamikaze if you think that you gon' knock me off the top".

Of course when Rihanna rocks up to Paris Fashion Week in a Givenchy suit that would’ve not looked out of place in the 'More Than a Woman' video, it

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ONE IN A MILLION:

THE LEGACY OF AN R&B PRINCESS Words By, Adam Fitzpatrick is clear that Aaliyah’s fashion, too, had an undeniable impact on the singer.

Aaliyah's fashion didn't set out to attract the male gaze; she combined her "tomboyish" image with elegant, often daring, red carpet attire. Fashion had no limits to Aaliyah, in the same way Rihanna can be spotted leaving an airport in a Puma tracksuit and shutting down the MET Gala in Chinese couture.

However if there was anything that epitomized Aaliyah as an artist, it was her soporific, glossy vocals. R&B has gradually careered to a far gentler vocal styling, synonymous with relative newcomers such as Frank Ocean, FKA twigs, and Tinashe – an undeniable legacy left by Aaliyah who started her career amid powerhouse vocalists like Mariah and Whitney. Nicki Minaj's latest effort, The Pinkprint, takes on a far more raw vulnerability reminiscent to 'I Refuse', combining what Aaliyah called "a dark side of me that comes out in everything I do".

Certainly this is an impressive feat for an artist who only released three albums. Her legacy can be easily, and ignorantly, shrugged off as posthumous appreciation but for an artist of her calibre, who was clearly on her way to creating further greatness, as displayed by her unstoppable influence. We can only help but wonder 'What If'?

- The R&B Princess performing live

“AALIYAH’S ABILITY TO BREAK THE BOUNDARIES AND SPEAK “GENERALLY” FOR MEN AND WOMEN HAS PERVADED THE MUSIC INDUSTRY IN THE DECADE SINCE HER DEATH.”

NAMEmagazine.co.uk

WORDS BY KEISHA BRUCE

TAINTING THE KINGS’ LEGACY: MICHAEL JACKSON, TUPAC SHAKUR & THE DIGITAL AGE WORDS BY SOPHIE SOAR

MUSIC FESTIVALS: THE TIMEHONOURED RITUALS & THEIR HUMBAL BEGINNINGS. From Coachella and Secret Garden Party to Outlook and Boomtown, weekends are booked up since the first release of early-bird tickets; thousands flock to fields to bake in a tent, tackle mud trenches and abandon all sense of hygiene.

It is undoubtedly the smelliest four days one will spend in their social calendar, yet the music festival has become imbedded within our cultural heritage; we will fork into our savings annually for a taste of the quintessential Britishness at home, or travel for it abroad, armed with baby-wipes and dry shampoo galore.

Some are drawn by the style: wellies, crop tops and shorts often favour; for others, the rulebook is thrown onto a campfire and a hybrid cacophony of wild abandon, glitter and seasonal nudity emerges.

Style never entirely detracts from the main spectacle: line-ups draw thousands from far and wide, and then there’s the infallible heavy-hitters, such as Glastonbury, where attendees gamble their viewing pleasure with barely a rumour revealing music-artists prior to its inevitable sell out, minutes after release.

Glastonbury has the status symbol aspired by many: originally the mere price of £1 (quaintly including free milk) in 1970, Worthy Farm opened its gates for the first time to host an event of ‘Pop, Folk and Blues’, with promises of ‘freaks and funny things’ that they have kept to this day.

The mosh pit was a myth amongst the 1,500 first timers, yet Chinese whispers ricocheted across the country, with 12,000 entering the year after to experience the melee.

Festival history hasn’t been without its ups and downs however, with the infamous Woodstock 99 taking dark turn, and abruptly ending after extreme violence surfaced during Limp Bizkit’s set.

Lead singer Durst’s words remain a motto for festivals today: “If somebody falls, pick ‘em up”. The main attraction for many isn’t the style or the music, the Britishness or burger vans, but this sense of community at festivals, that remains integral today.

The 70s trend revival will undoubtedly transport this summer’s attendees 45 years to the past, but despite wardrobe similarities, the music festival scene has altered considerably and only for the better. Free milk however would never go amiss.

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What do Michael Jackson and Tupac Shakur have in common? Is it that they’re both legends to their music genre? Or perhaps that they are on the faces of many tees? Or maybe it’s the fact that they have been rebirthed in the form of holograms over the past few years.

At the 2012 Coachella, Tupac appeared on stage alongside Snoop Dogg and Dr. Dre. The audience were completely baffled as the late rapper began rapping, raising concerning questions about how appropriate the holograms are. Essentially these holograms are raising the lost artists from the dead, and many believe that this is territory that should not be crossed.

There’s something undoubtedly eerie about dead legends being reincarnated onto the stage. “Michael Jackson’s” performance at the 2014 billboard awards epitomised this eeriness. The hologram was certainly the talk of the awards, however, many fans noticed that the hologram looked nothing like the King of Pop. In fact, it took part in destroying his legacy. Attempting to recreate the authenticity of a musical and performance genius is where the digital age is going wrong. Much like the two posthumous albums from Michael Jackson, titled Michael and Xscape the hologram tarnished his legacy. The dance movements were flawed and the song Slave to the Rhythm was one that Jackson did not want released originally in 1991. It makes one wonder whether the entire MJ-rebirth was a way of SONY increasing their income and not appreciating the musician as he should be.

Tupac, Elvis, Michael Jackson and more are all legends and reinventing them into a few pixels destroys the legacy that they worked so hard to create in their life. There is a way of appreciating art work without attempting to reinvent it to adhere to our cultural norms. These artists boomed in the twentieth century, way before the digital age became what it was today, and we should leave them there. To respect them is to respect their work and their legacy, not to conform into buying the music released after their death which has been created digitally to replicate their sound.

DISCUSSIONS OF MUSIC, THE PAST & PRESENT… WORDS BY KEISHA BRUCE

TWENTIETH CENTURY JAZZ MUSIC AND IT’S INFLUENCE ON CONSCIOUS HIP-HOP Jazz music originated in the Southern States of America in the early Twentieth-Century by African-Americans.

The swinging music genre was influenced by a “European harmonic structure and African rhythmic intricacy.”

Inspired by old forms of African-American music, jazz emerged as a distinct form in the 1930s, a time popular for it’s escapist culture.

The fusion of hip-hop music and jazz music developed in the late 1980s and early 1990s, and birthed the hip-hop sub-genre, jazzrap. Combining the traditional genre with the new model of music is a way of paying tribute to old values of African music. Rhythmically the music is dominated by hip-hop beats and sounds, but are overplayed with repetitive jazz sounds such the trumpet, horns and double bass. Typically, the lyrics in jazz rap are consumed with a form of political consciousness and Afrocentrism. Perhaps the use of jazz for escapism is essential to the new rap music which is being used as not only for escapism, but to discuss the history of AfricanAmericans.

This merging of genres was demonstrated in Kendrick Lamar’s most recent album, To Pimp a Butterfly, in which he samples old sounds, voice overs, and blaring trumpets to assimilate the jazz genre. Butterfly is centred around self-love, a recognition for black culture and the race lines in modern America. Reverting to a jazz background to assert these themes is creative beyond our imagination; jazz dominated an era where segregation was enforced and African-American’s were targeted by racial hate.

Recycling this genre is a way of addressing the racial problems that still exist in our society.

Another new artist who uses Jazz within his work is Chance the Rapper. In almost all of his songs, jazz is the main body of his work. Acid Rap, Chance’s second mixtape was certified double platinum after being downloaded 900,000 times in 2013. The album is full of improvisational jazz flow patterns, heavy trumpet use , irregular metre beat and structures and slight scat singing. Acid Rap is a play on the two genres of rap music and acid jazz (which combines elements of jazz, soul, funk and disco).

Jazzrap is an important development to the hip-hop genre in the Twenty-first Century. Unlocking the ability to discuss wider issues of race rather than solely inner city racial tensions allows for the transcendence of rap music’s political and social discussions.

WORDS BY KEISHA BRUCE

WHERE ARE THEY NOW? FOUR ARTISTS FROM THE NOUGHTIES WHO HAVE DISAPPEARED FROM THE CHARTS… The Noughties, aka, the years 2000-2009, are becoming increasingly distant to our popular culture. The way we lived five years ago is slowly but surely being recognised as “retro”, and scary as it is, the art forms from that time are too becoming “outdated.” It’s in these years when we watch a movie from 2007 and notice that the picture quality is absolutely nothing like what we have today.

Along with films, music is changing too, whether that be a good thing or not is debatable, but it’s very common to wonder what happened to our ever-loved artists of the noughties. In this issue NAME have set out to investigate what happened to our music moguls of our youth.

1. DMX Earl Simmons, better known as his stage name DMX (or, Dark Man X) was famous for his gangsta rap songs “X Gon’ Give it to Ya” and “Party Up (Up in Here)”. He was a huge influence in the rap game, and for many, his last musical appearance was in Busta Rhyme’s “Touch It” in 2006. However, DMX has continued to make music, releasing an album in 2012 called Undisputed. The album received bad reviews and Rap Radar named it the fifth most disappointing album of 2012.

2. Ashanti Ashanti is most famous for her self-titled album which featured the song “Foolish” in 2002. The album sold over 503,000 copies in the week which it was released, and was the best selling for a new female artist. Ashanti was a major contender for the charts in the noughties, however, she is another one of those loved artists who has disappeared. In 2014, she released her first studio album in six years, and is currently working on her own publishing company, “Written Entertainment.”

3. The Black Eyed Peas American hip-hop group, The Black Eyed Peas, were successful chart smashers and grammy winners in the noughties. Consisting of lead singer Fergie, along with rappers, Will.I.Am, alp.de.ap and Taboo, the group were one of the world’s best selling groups of all time.

Although Will.I.Am is no stranger to U.K television, starring as a judge on The Voice UK, and has been no stranger to the charts in the recent decade. However, the group themselves have not done much in recent years.

Rumour has it that they’re working towards another studio album to celebrate their 20th anniversary together!

4. Ja Rule Grammy winner Ja Rule was no stranger to the top 20 U.S. billboard charts in the noughties, The rap artist who had worked closely with singers, Ashanti and Ja Rule announced in 2011 that he was to work on a new album Pain is Love 2 naming it after the original masterpiece album of 2001. When the album was released Rule was serving a two year sentence in prison for gun possession.

Rule will be on our screens soon with an upcoming reality show Following the Rules on MTV.

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THEATRE:LONGEST RUNNING WORDS BY HANNAH FOY

SHOWS

One of the first things people think of when heading to the Big Smoke, may be Buckingham Palace, West Minster or the London Eye, however for many theatre fans, working out which new and exciting performances in the West End to tick off their list is vital. So some find it surprising to discover that Agatha Christie’s Murder Mystery The Mousetrap stands as the longest continuously running play – currently in its 63rd year – since 1952.

Certainly not new, but definitely exciting, the play’s twisted plot continues to prompt audiences to suspect, detect and be shocked show after show. Christie’s writing, through The Mousetrap’s themes and characters, still resonates with relevance to modern-day life, relatable yet exhilarating in it’s realism. The viewer takes on the role of detective for the evening, leaving the outside world behind.

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In second place, Les Miserables stands in its 30th year but holds on to the status of longest running musical, begging the question: how is it still popular, transporting theatre-goers to France’s raucous Revolution an astounding eight times a week? Perhaps it’s the audience’s sensation of fighting alongside the rebels, witnessing the love story of Marius and Cosette, or even relating to Javert and Jean Valjean’s quest for righteousness and justice – whatever it is, something is evidently working.

Likewise, the West End’s third longest running production is a musical: The Phantom of the Opera having haunted us for the past 29 years.

Its love story has touched millions and, as with Les Mis, has been viewed time and again worldwide.

Theatre is clearly capturing us, performance after performance; generation after generation, this innate fascination having started as far back as the rein of Charles II. The very first theatre of the West End, Drury Lane, opened in 1663 and, although sadly burning down less than ten years later, was the clear beginning of London’s famous theatre scene.

Plays continue to be timeless, and though having started out as a way of teaching lessons and communication to the masses; they also now stand for our entertainment. They are reproduced, reimagined and replayed year after year, and West End theatre is still something that touches all Britons, as a part of our national culture and identity.

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@NAME_mag

NAMEmagazine.co.uk

TRENDING •Beyoncé

at the Met Gala 2015. Her dress was one of divine beauty, however, social media was in a complete uproar after seeing her. The internet was torn; half of us appreciated the Queen’s style, and bravery, whereas other’s compared her look to the look of pornstars at their awards where they were completely covered. To some, she left nothing to the imagination, and by doing so, fractured her saint-like image.

•AVENGERS: AGE OF ULTRON was

released on May 1st 2015 and ALREADY it is ranked 6th on the list of highest grossing films of all time behind Avatar, Titanic and The Avengers. The immediate success highlights just how well Marvel films are doing and the obsession with comic books.

- The “Drunk in Love” singer at the Met Gala, 2015

- Movie poster for The Age of Ultron

•The Conservatives Win the UK election much to many people’s disagreement. However, the only way is up!

•EXAM SEASON

It’s the time of year when many students around the world turn off

•Goodbye ‘Love Locks’

- The ‘Love Lock’ Bridge in Paris

Paris will be removing their eternal love locks on Monday 1st June due to structural risks of the bridge and public safety.

That’s one million eternal love locks erased from the romance of Paris.

•OLLOCLIP - the new camera gadget that you need! with the ability to transform your iPhone camera and enhance your photograph collection, you’ll be missing out if you don’t explore this gadget further!

- Olloclip - the perfect photo accessory

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EVOLUTION: VISUAL ART MEDIEVAL ART, C.350-1300 • BYZANTINE ART • ROMANESQUE ART • GOTHIC ART

Byzantine art is the name given to the art produced in the Eastern Roman Empire. The art is mostly religious art and is centred around Christian architecture.

Romanesque architecture reintroduced two new forms of art; sculpture and stained glass.

The art was based of Greek and Roman antiquity.

Gothic art is similar to Byzantine art as it is too centred around architecture. This form of art transformed interiors of cathedrals and other religious buildings.

The most famous of the surviving Byzantine mosaics; Hagia Sophia - Christ Pantocrator.

RENAISSANCE ART, 1300-1620 • EARLY RENAISSANCE ART • HIGH RENAISSANCE ART • NORTHERN RENAISSANCE ART

The European revival of classical art is known as The Renaissance. This era was founded on a new appreciation of the classics, the noble man, and the beginning form of realism. When you think early renaissance you immediately think of the sculptor Donatello, and Fillippo Brunelleschi - this creative platform was unearthed when a copy of De Architectura was found.

Talking High Renaissance we’re talking the classics, like Da Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo, who were the leaders in the apogee of the Italian renaissance.

POST-RENAISSANCE ART, 1600-1850

Leonardo Da Vinci’s Mona Lisa perhaps one of his most famous paintings.

In an attempt to attract the masses away from Protestant • ROCOCO ART • NEOCLASSICAL MOVEMENT beliefs, the Catholic counter-reformation artists induced a feeling of awe to citizens. During this period there was an • ROMANTACISM emphasis on theatrical art, as well as landscape art.

Rococo carving at Zwiefalten (above)

MODERN ART, 1850-1970 • • • •

IMPRESSIONISM CUBISM ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM POP ART

Perhaps a style of art that attracts us the youth culture more is modern and post modern art. Filled with colours, different experimentations and moving beyond classical sculptures, portraits and landscape painting, modernist artists began using different medias to create their work. Claude Monet, Pablo Picasso, Andy Warhol and were key artists in this era.

CONTEMPORARY ART, 1970-present • POST-MODERNIST AVANT GARDE • MINIMALISM • 20th CENTURY ARCHITECTURE

It is always difficult to study a period in which we live in, and for this reason, it’s a task in itself to identity and critique the normal art forms of our society. he pluralistic "anything goes" view of contemporary art , is demonstrate in the works of Damien Hirst.

Pablo Picasso’s 1910, Girl with a Mandolin

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N FOUNDER: KEISHA BRUCE, 2014 NOSTALGIA

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