FinalBook_PadillaN by nancy_padilla

The Book: Educating the Next Generation of Advocates for Justice

Institute for Lifelong Learning Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad

Client CAL Western School of Law Size 100,000 square feet

TABLE OF CONTENTS

pg #.

1_Chapter 1 - Introductions

- Design and Project Phases 2_Chapter 2 - Problem Description - Cal Western Law School - Legal Education - Mass Migration & Underlying Causes - Higher Education - Site Selection Interior Atrium

Acknowledgements A special thank you to all those who have helped guide us through this project. In specific, we thank Chloe Wardrick and Joyi Larasari, 5th year architecture students who came in to give a peer review, LPA Design Studios: Ellie O’Connor, Krista Scheib, Matthew Porreca, Matthew Winter, Silke Frank, and the 3rd year architecture faculty who has reviewed us and given us great feedback. Another thank you to others who have been an incredible supprt system such as my SLO Family and my family who cheer me on from home.

3_Chapter 3 - Site Understanding 4_Chapter 4 - Campus Master Plan - Campus Planning Best Practices - Campus Comparatives - Community Connection - Campus Resiliency 5_Chapter 5 - Partners - Purpose + Program - Performance Goals - Formal Influences - Diagrams and Drawings 6_Reflection Bibilography_Gravity Framing Plans

4 6

12 15

31 32

Appendices - Building Analysis Project

- Original Manifesto - Precedent Research Institute of Lifelong Learning Logan Heights - San Diego, CA Studio White project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022

- ARCH 307 Lab/Project Submissions - ARCH 342 lab/Project Submission

Chapter 1 - Introductions The institute for Lifelong Learning is a building on the Cal Western School of Law campus that bridges the economic gap between the students and surrounding community. A mix of law and vocational training classrooms paired with a circulatory atrium allows for impromptu interactions between the community members and students. Colorful sun shading that allows natural daylight to enter, comfortable lounge areas and study spaces are meant to aid in the relaxation and productivity for all the building’s users. Community amenities such as the corner market, career services and the clothing closet are placed on lower floors to increase accessibility and to further connect the campus with the community. The connected rooftop garden space creates opportunities for interactions with nature above the street level. -

Executive Summary

The overall project is the relocation of Cal Western Law School. As a studio, research was conducted based on what is needed on a grad school campus and how to meet the needs of the students and those of the community. This book is divided into five chapters dedicated to documenting the design process from individual work, team work and studio campus master plan phases. Chapter 1 focuses on the schematic design phases of the studio project. Throughout this chapter, progress from individual work, transitional teamwork progress that was made at the end of winter and mid-spring quarter. Each poster mentions the schematic design processes at that point of the project. Chapter 2 analyzes the problem of relocation for Cal Western. This chapter gives a brief history on the law school and the curriculum style being taught. As many other law campuses, the Cal Western School of Law encourages students to take on hands-on work to advance their career by including pro bono clinical programs within their curriculum. This specific topic being offered work well within the Logan Heights community. Chapter 2 also outlines the extensive work done to understand mass migration patters and their underlying causes to get an understanding on what is affecting those entering new communities. Higher Ed sections outline what kind of physical and environmental characteristics are needed to make the campus a space that aids success and productivity, The various site options and the final site selection is also included in this section. Chapter 3 main purpose is to document site understanding for further development. Climate, land, vegetation and wildlife can be dounf in this section. Analysis for Logan Heights, regarding income, demographics and overall community context is documents in this section and gives us more insight into the stories and history of the place. Chapter 4 is a continuation on campus planning and the best course of action to take. “How might we” questions were drafted to get students to start thinking about goals for the campus. In this section, campus comparatives (nolli maps) were used to figure out common aspects among various law campuses. This chapter also focuses on how the campus can connect back to the larger community and campus resiliency, a necessary area to study considering the coming changes due to climate change. Chapter 5 is focused Institute of Lifelong Learning on highlighting the teamwork created. This chapter is diagrammed filledHeights with -accompanying text regarding the information displayed on the diagrams. This Logan San Diego, CA Studio White chapter is a cultivation of the work from the past 20 weeks. project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022

classroom

medium conference room Dean's O!ce

classroom

Academic support services

classroom

medium conference room

clothing closet

medium conference room

small conference room

classroom

Academic support services

gymnasium/assebly center medium conference room

small conference room

clothing closet

small conference room

Student Collaboration

amazon go

gymnasium/assebly center

Design Process + Project Phases

5 10

amazon go

Student Collaboration

5 10

INDIVIDUAL

The initial premise of the project was for the first 7 weeks of the winter quarter, we spent time individually developing a project. Small team research included gathering data on Logan Heights regarding demographics, climate and topographical information. It also included gathering data on the surge of migration into the US. All this data was compiled in order to develop a project that would meet the needs of a university but also of those within the neighboring community. My individual project focused on developing a connection with the community based on the kinds of programming and placement. Creating spaces that would cater towards the homeless population but also the incoming immigrant / asylum seeker population while also providing spaces for the law students was the goal.

cafe + seating kitchen

amazon go

copy and scan

amazon go

RECEPTION copy and scan

Flex O"ce

academic support network 1200 SQFT

RECEPTION

ION

EPT

REC

Flex O!ce academic support network 1200 SQFT

Flex O"ce

Flex O!ce

Flex O"ce

ION

EPT

REC

The ground floor separated into three different masses that were oriented towards main streets in order to attract users. The programming on this floor is generally mixed used with study spaces, computer labs, a café and the community center. Going up, the building becomes one massing and continues to be missed use with classrooms, study spaces, a clothing closet and housing for visiting scholars on the higher floors.

cafe + seating kitchen

Ground Floor

Flex O!ce

Ground Floor

gymnasium/assebly center

computer lab

gymnasium/assebly center

computer lab

small conference rooms

medium conference rooms

small conference rooms

medium conference rooms medium conference rooms small conference rooms small conference rooms

open atrium

moot court

medium conference rooms

Betances Community Center Stephen Yablon Architecture Bronx, New York Client: New York City Housing Authority 27,000SQFT

small conference rooms open atrium group study

moot court

group study

The Betances Community Center was integrated into an existing housing project to provide residents a space to come together with the surrounding community. The building is centered around an interior courtyard that is surrounded by the facility’s spaces (which include administrative offices, game rooms, multipurpose rooms and multipurpose gymnasium). Other programs in-

group study

clude training areas, classrooms, cafeterias and community rooms.

touchdown workspace

clothing closet

Attributes for Building Performance - inset entry way, allows for top of building to provide sun shading - concrete material - screened or frosted glass that blocks out some naturual daylight in main gym

touchdown workspace

clothing closet

restrooms

sources: Betonces Community Center.

http://www.syarchitecture.com/projects/betances-community-center

restrooms

Betonces Community Center.

Betonces Community Center. via STEPHEN YABLON ARCHITECTURE

https://architizer.com/projects/betances-community-center-and-boxing-gym/

classroom - ßexible

http://www.syarchitecture.com/projects/betances-community-center

main enterance

gymnasium/assebly center

classroom - ßexible

gymnasium/assebly center

classroom - ßexible

2nd Floor 2nd Floor dean's o!ce

associate dean's o!ce

sta" o!ce

classroom dean's o"ce

associate dean's o"ce

sta! o"ce

Betonces Community Center. via STEPHEN YABLON ARCHITECTURE http://www.syarchitecture.com/projects/betances-community-center

sta" o!ce

Betonces Community Center. via STEPHEN YABLON ARCHITECTURE http://www.syarchitecture.com/projects/betances-community-center

classroom

sta! o"ce

200 seat multi-pupose room

reception

sta" o!ce

classroom

reception

sta! o"ce

classroom

sta" o!ce

classroom

sta! o"ce

classroom

sta" o!ce

sta! o"ce

1 bedroom 2 bedroom

classroom

1 bedroom

Betonces Community Center. via STEPHEN YABLON ARCHITECTURE http://www.syarchitecture.com/projects/betances-community-center

2 bedroom

Betonces Community Center. via STEPHEN YABLON ARCHITECTURE http://www.syarchitecture.com/projects/betances-community-center

classroom

1 bedroom

classroom

Nancy Padilla | Precedent Studies | Winter 22 1 bedroom

1 bedroom

1 bedroom classroom

1 bedroom

restrooms

1 bedroom

restrooms

1 bedroom

restrooms

1 bedroom

classroom - Flexible

2 bedroom

3rd Floor 3rd Floor

classroom - Didactic

classroom - Didactic 3 bedroom

3 bedroom

classroom - Didactic 3 bedroom

restrooms

restrooms 3 bedroom

3 bedroom

restrooms

4th Floor

Dean's O!ce

classroom

3 bedroom

medium conference room

4th Floor

classroom

Institute of Lifelong Learning Logan Heights - San Diego, CA Studio White project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022

classroom

medium conference room

Academic support services

clothing closet small conference room

small conference room

gymnasium/assebly center

Student Collaboration

amazon go

5 10

20 10

Scale: 1/32" = 1'-0"

40 30

5th Floor

5 10

5th Floor

3 bedroom

Design Process + Project Phases TEAM - Winter

Upon coming together as a team, program placement and configuring a combination of moonshots was the first task. Moving away from a building that had every aspect, housing, collaboration, clinics and all educational spaces, this project took on the form of learning and academic programming, taking from the vibrancy of Barrio Logan, creating a colorful light situation within the building is a concept that has been carried all the way through. Another concept is the bridging of communities that came about in the form of a circulatory atrium, which had some changes in shape and location as the project progressed. Precedents that were looked at were a community center with lots of transparency and a church that integrated colorful daylight into the space. At the end of winter quarter, the project ended as a academic learning center with vocational training classrooms to integrate the existing community. The program distribution at this point of the design development was fairly mixed-use o the lower floors and more defined programming going higher. The vocational training center was located higher into the building, floors 4-7, and the law school had more a presence on the mid floors, floors 2-4.

FLO OR SEVE N E

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32'

C UP

16'

A 4'

Institute of Lifelong Learning Logan Heights - San Diego, CA Studio White project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022

Chapter 2 - Problem Description -

Cal Western School of Law (CWSL)

California Western School of Law is currently located in downtown San Diego and is the City’s oldest law school. It was founded in 1924. They currently occupy three buildings on Cedar Street on the northern end of downtown near the I5 freeway. They currently have approximately 670 law students with planned expansion to up to 1,000. They are an independent, not for profit, that offer four degree pathways. The school is committed to provide a rigorous educated to a diverse study body through an emphasis experiential learning through simulations and community clinics that serve underserved clients in the areas of criminal, immigration, trademark, legal aid, and internet law. In their new location, the California Western School of Law are hoping to reflect their school motto through the campus experience. Rethinking the physical presence of the overall campus location can act as a catalyst in better serving the immigrants justice, protection, and upliftment to aim towards a brighter future. The approach to better serving the at-risk communities requires interventions integrating legal education practices and a sense of empathy towards human immigration and civil rights. The Cal Western School of Law is playing a crucial role in serving the evolving communities of San Diego and providing high quality education to shape future lawyers. Aiming to represent the state’s diverse society, California Western Law School is training ethical, compassionate, and competent future lawyers and hopes to aid the underserved populations. With 41% of the 2021 student being ethnic minorities and 59% women, Cal Western encourages those who face larger battles and aim to better the world around them. Cal Western offers scholarships and grants to students ranging in socioeconomic status opening the doors to lower income applicants. To foster and encourage diversity the site is in Barrio Logan San Diego, a neighborhood whose community facing challenges that students could offer legal advice. Cal Western prepares its students to focus on immigration law and criminal justice by placing them in clinics located near the school to obtain practical work experience while working towards their degrees. Locating the campus in a community of those who lack legal aid gives students a greater opportunity for creating change. Cal Western offers its students many class courses, clinical programs and community law interventions which encourages students to give back to the community in which they are located. Institute of Lifelong Learning Logan Heights - San Diego, CA Studio White project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022

Cal Western School of Law, via Mapbox

Legal Education The traaditional educational requirements to practice law in the State of California consists entails obtaining a JD (Juris Doctor) degree from law schools registered by the State Bar (California-accredited) or approved by the American Bar Association (ABA). The JD takes three years to complete which follows the pre-legal education of College Level Equivalency Programs Examinations or at least two years of college in any given major. The academic process requires a guided approach with mentorship. CWSL offers a variety of courses to cover ground on theoretical knowledge and practical application. • First Year curriculum: emphasis on legal analysis, research, and writing to explore opportunities. The academic year is split into trimesters, some of the courses include - Civil Procedure - Contracts - Legal procedures - Torts • Second and Third Year Curriculum: STEPPS program and the Clinical Externship Program. Some other courses include - Constitutional Law I - Criminal Procedure I - Evidence - Legal Scholarship Training Seminar - STEPPS - Torts II CSWL also focuses on clinics and assistance programs to provide opportunities for externships, and simulation based learning. The pro-bono programs excel in bridging the gap between the academic world and real time problems including - Access to Law Initiative - Competitive Advocacy Program - California Innocence Project - Pro Bono and Public Service Honors Program

Cal Western School of Law ProBono celebrates 30 years via CWSL.edu

The ethos of legal practice can be found in academic initiatives that are taken up by the law school to shape lawyers that are rigorous workers, empathetic citizens, through the experience of obtaining a law degree at Cal Western School of Law. Experiential Learning programs such as law clinics, paralegal services, advocacy programs, community law projects etc. Aid in enhancing the legal education aspects that mostly pertain to minimum formal education requirements. Institute of Lifelong Learning Logan Heights - San Diego, CA Studio White project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022

Mass Migration and Underlying Causes Asylum Seekers vs. Homicide Rates Country 1800

Measure Names Homicide Rates Per 1..

Rate Of Asylum Seek.. 55

1600

Asylum Seeking Population

Data from "Refugee Data Finder." The UN Refugee Agency, (2020).

1400

1200

1000

30 800 25 600

Homicide Rates Per 100,000

45 Rate Of Asylum Seekers Per 100,000

One of the primary areas that students dedicate time to on this campus are the experiential learning clinics that deal with issues of social justice and give the students an opportunity to interact with real clients. Given the schools focus on immigration related issues, the following research was completed to gain an understanding of the San Diego community and those clients the students would ultimately be working with. Research focused on five primary immigration related issues: crime and violence, environmental degradation, poverty and economic opportunity and immunity and elite indifference. Each gave us a basic understanding of why large populations are moving into the US and what needs to be done to create a desirable, welcoming environment.

400

Homicide Rate Data from "Citizen Security in Latin America." Igarape Institute, (2018).

Comparisons between crime, specifically homicide rate, and rate of asylum seekers (per 100,000) in the countries listed. While not definitive, in general countries with higher homicide rates also seemore asylum seekers moving to the US

10 200 5

Asylum Seekers vs. Poverty Rate

United States

Chile

Argentina

Panama

Paraguay

Bolivia

Uruguay

Brazil

Dominican Republic

Peru

Colombia

Costa Rica

Belize

Guyana

Mexico

Nicaragua

Ecuador

Venezuela

Honduras

El Salvador

0 Guatemala

Country Measure Names Poverty Rate

1800 0.9

Rate Of Asylum Seek..

1600 0.8

Asylum Seeking Population

0.7

Data from "Refugee Data Finder." The UN Refugee Agency, (2020). Poverty Rate

1000

0.5

800

0.4

600

0.3

400

0.2

200

0.1

0.0

Poverty Rate

0.6

Data from "Poverty Headcount Ration at National Poverty Lines." The World Bank, (2020).

Poverty rates have been shown to be very high among the countries studied. Some correlation between Poverty/the lack of economic opportunity among countries and asylum seekers can be seen with some countries but not all. Poverty rates are even among the countries studied, but countries with the highest rates of asylum seekers also tend to have

United States

Argentina

Chile

Uruguay

Paraguay

Bolivia

Brazil

Dominican Republic

Peru

Costa Rica

Colombia

Guyana

Belize

Mexico

Nicaragua

Ecuador

Venezuela

Honduras

higher poverty rates. El Salvador

Institute of Lifelong Learning Logan Heights - San Diego, CA Studio White project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022

1200

Guatemala

Rate Of Asylum Seekers Per 100,000

1400

Mass Migration and Underlying Causes Country Environmental Disaster- .. Earthquake

1800

Flood

10M

Storm

1600

Wildﬁre

9M 1400

Asylum Seeking Population

1200

1000

800

4M 600

Population Displacement 2015-2020

The identified causes do a good job of describing some of the reasons people are seeking asylum in the US, however there is one outlier that sticks out in multiple databases. Brazil features similar numbers to the countries with the most asylum seekers but sends very few people to the US. With a GDP ($1,434.08 Billion) nearly 33% higher than the next closest country in Central and South America, (Mexico, $1,076.16 Billion), Brazil remains appealing to people despite the ongoing issues.

Environmental Disasters

Rate Of Asylum Seekers Per 100,000

Comprehensive Findings

3M 400

Chile

Argentina

Paraguay

Panama

Uruguay

Bolivia

Brazil

Dominican Republic

Peru

Costa Rica

Guyana

Colombia

Belize

Mexico

Nicaragua

Ecuador

Honduras

Venezuela

El Salvador

Asylum Seekers vs. Infant Mortality Rate

Data from "Climate Knowledge Portal." The World Bank, (2021).

Attention to the mass effects of natural disasters on populations, and the # of people displaced by environmental disasters; categorized by the worst natural disaster in the country

There is evidence that many of the countries with the most asylum seekers in the US have also experienced high population displacement from natural disasters

0M Guatemala

Environmental Disasters

Natural disasters have played large role in the displacement of large populations

2M 200

Data from "Refugee Data Finder." The UN Refugee Agency, (2020).

Country Measure Names Infant Mortality Rate

1800 24 1600

Rate Of Asylum Seek..

Asylum Seeking Population

Data from "Refugee Data Finder." The UN Refugee Agency, (2020).

1400

1000

12 800 10 600

8 6

400

Data from "Infant Mortality Rate from 2009 to 2019 (in deaths per 1,000 live births)" Statista, (2021).

We studied the rates of infant mortality to see if that too was an underlying cause There is a slight trend between infant mortality rate and # of asylum seekers, however some countries with few asylum seekers still see very high infant mortality rates.

200 2

Argentina

United States

Chile

Uruguay

Paraguay

Bolivia

Brazil

Dominican Republic

Peru

Costa Rica

Guyana

Colombia

Belize

Mexico

Nicaragua

Ecuador

Honduras

Venezuela

0 El Salvador

0 Guatemala

Institute of Lifelong Learning Logan Heights - San Diego, CA Studio White project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022

Infant Mortality Rate

16 Infant Mortality Rate

Rate Of Asylum Seekers Per 100,000

18 1200

Higher Education THE IDEAL CAMPUS PLAN _ GRADUATE LAW SCHOOL holly dufek _ caswell espinoza _ noelani maylad _ nancy padilla EDUCATION & INFRASTRUCTURE

CULTURE & COMMUNITY

ACCESSIBILITY & TRANSPORTATION

SUPPORT SERVICES

•variety of student • campus integrated into • multimodal access •financial aid resources: integrated greater community •bus stops, bike lanes, •career advisors study rooms and academic sidewalks with seating classrooms •references existing •access to professionals social and environmental •shuttle around and to and •mock court rooms contexts from school • childcare •biophilic design within •immersion in historical •ADA compliant •disability resources structures and cultural environment

•sustainable structures

• well lit sidewalks •emergency call boxes •campus police •physical and mental health resources •sense of safety for both students and visitors • important resources such as food or shelter

•daylighting and passive •flexibility and opportunity design for campus growth •multipurpose outdoor learning spaces

HEALTH & SAFETY

Every place of higher education has multiple physical and environmental characteristics which make it successful. Finding those common trends in campuses across the country was the first step towards designing a new campus for Cal Western School of Law. We looked at schools of diverse sizes and disciplines and consolidated our findings to create a strong starting framework to begin master planning. We were able to narrow down the characteristics of an ideal campus to the following:

•central hub as a gathering space to facilitate student connections

Sasaki’s proposed design for Xinyang University

Virginia Tech Green Links and Infinite Loop use

integrates structures into the terrain and combines

connected paths to enhance community building and

social and academic realms through outdoor

accessible transportation.

education space.

https://www.sasaki.com/projects/virginia-tech-infinite-loop-and-green-links/

https://www.sasaki.com/projects/xinyang-university-south-bay-campus-master-plan/

Community & Safety

Accessibility & Transportation

•

Easy access for walkways to create a safe space away from traffic or clear spatial integration of pedestrian walkways within traffic routes. Integrate bike routes throughout campus that tie into the community bike

• • •

Integrate the campus with the surrounding community through open design and community-based activities that interact with the general population. Provide transparency at the ground floors to maintain “eyes” on the street. By creating access to emergency response stations that alert authorities of criminal activity along the campus circulation routes to provide security. Supply adequate even lighting throughout campus, including those to academic functions and campus housing.

Organization  Increase building density (while maintaining a human scale to provide spaces for students as well as the community. Provide clear and consistent indicators of where important programs are located and how to access them Provide clear pedestrian circulation routes using a consistent visual language and scale to provide a connection between all spaces Provide universal access to make areas easy to traverse for people of all physical types

Institute of Lifelong Learning Logan Heights - San Diego, CA Studio White project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022

circulation system

Resources Campus should include spaces for informal learning such as spaces to study or for student support services in a single location. Provide spaces that can be shared / accessed by the broader community. should act as multipurpose spaces for students and community members to both enjoy and be able to use as recreational spaces as well. Resources for education should include financial aid, career advisors, access to studying with professionals, and disability resources.

Site Selection

The studio researched four potential sites: Chula Vista, Mission Valley, Downtown San Diego, and Logan Heights. Each site was researched in terms of their relevant community boundaries, natural resources, social attributes, people, built environment, and heritage, in order to determine which location seemed most fitting for a future campus community. This information was aggregated into a single exhibit and presented to the studio partners with voting taking place to determine which location would best serve the institutional needs. Some of the assets and disadvantages of each location are as follows:

Institute of Lifelong Learning Logan Heights - San Diego, CA Studio White project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022

•

Chula Vista: Chula Vista was an attractive location because of its proximity to the US-Mexico border, making this location convenient for immigrants served by the Latin American Institute of Law and Justice. However, it was ultimately not selected because of its lack of public transportation, which isolated it from other law resources in downtown San Diego

•

Mission Valley: The Mission Valley proposal incorporated the law school campus into SDSU’s Mission Valley campus expansion. Some advantages to this proposal included that it was well connected to downtown San Diego by public transportation and that it would have access to SDSU student culture. However, it was not selected because it was the furthest away from the US-Mexico border, potentially making it inconvenient for law clients living in Mexico, and because it lacked the existing infrastructure and vibrancy of an existing more downtown site.

•

Downtown San Diego: Downtown San Diego was attractive because it is the current location of the Law School, and students would have access to its social scene, law firms and the San Diego County Superior Court. However, it was narrowly decided against as the density of the buildings required was not considered viable for all uses.

•

Logan Heights: Ultimately, Logan Heights was selected. This is a predominantly Hispanic community, which could make the campus more convenient and approachable to Hispanic individuals served by the Latin American Institute of Law and Justice. Additionally, it is the closest location to downtown San Diego and has access to public transportation. Moving forwards, our studio deemed this area’s relatively high crime rate and large unhoused population as matters that required careful attention. 11

Chapter 3 - Site Understanding Contextual Understanding • • • •

•

• •

Population The total population of Logan Heights, also known as Barrio Logan, is 58,408 , with around a 5% population increase annually. The community makes up about 4% of San Diego’s total population of 1.4 million people.

Community Context The initial neighborhood of Barrio Logan grew due to the development of a US Naval Base in 1898 in San Diego. Later, the creation of a major commercial seaport and the railroads also provided a housing boom in the area. This brought many diverse groups to the area, including African-Americans, JapaneseAmericans, Filipino-Americans, and Italian-Americans. However, the spirit of the community today, known as the “Logan Heights Experience” (aka The Heights, Logan, La Logan, Barrio Logan, etc.) is due to the migration of the Mexican families which began around 1900. They came from all parts of Mexico, including Baja California, Sonora, Chihuahua, Sinaloa, Durango, Michoacan, Zacatecas, etc. The population growth of Mexican families would continue up to the 1950s. In 1956, the placement of Interstate 5 and the deliberate changes in zoning patterns (from primarily residential to mixeduse industrial) devastated Logan Heights by removing economic viability and decreasing property values. In both aspects, Logan Heights residents felt uninformed and unable to voice objections or opinions on the expansion of San Diego, and to this day, families still feel a great sense of loss. However, in the late 1960s, the residents of Logan Heights came together to oppose the construction of a sub-station under the San-Diego-Coronado Bay Bridge by the California Highway Patrol. Through incredible will and commitment, the land was turned over to the community and later became Chicano Park. The community’s tenacity, spirit, and determination to preserve Barrio Logan as a vibrant, culturally rich, and united community continues on and can be seen today in their Barrio Logan Community Plan.

Demographic Distribution San Diego has a distinctive cultural identity from Hispanic populations from over sixty years. Historically, the area became prominent from industrial jobs, and there was a significant increase in San Diego’s Mexican population due to the 1910 Mexican Revolution. Alongside the prevalent Hispanic and Latino population, 42% of San Diego’s residents are white, 16% are Asian residents, and Black or African American residents make up 5% of the population. The median age is around 26.8 years. Overall, the culturally vibrant community consists mostly of local families that need a catalyst to revitalize the sense of physical connection that drives socioeconomic and employment growth.

Poverty

In Logan Heights, the annual median income varies with an average income of $52,944. The total median income lies below the average at $40,310, primarily belonging to demographics under 25 and over 65. The total working population of Logan Heights consists of 51,093 people, 73.9% of which are above the poverty level with an additional 22.9% below the poverty level. The average Barrio Logan household lives on an annual income 45% less than the rest of San Diego.

Air Quality

San Diego is currently ranked as having the seventh worst ozone pollution in the country. With a median AQI, or Air Quality Index, of 64, this city reports only 73 days of good air quality throughout the year while the remaining 292 days record air quality that is moderate or unhealthy for sensitive groups.

Institute of Lifelong Learning Logan Heights - San Diego, CA Studio White project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022

Transportation

The site is located adjacent to the I-5 and the Coronado Bridge, making it a hub for vehicle transportation. Through the site, there are two modes of public transportation that circulate. Trolley and bus run alongside bicyclist lanes. There are anticipated road improvements to enhance mobility and connectivity in the community such as the Draft Mobility Element that is meant to make walking, biking, and public transit more attractive in the city, including Barrio Logan. The Draft Mobility Element will work alongside the developing land use of the community to create a more vibrant and accessible neighborhood through the growth of the community’s interconnections.

Land Use

Barrio Logan is organized in a manner that prioritizes its residential and commercial communities. In the Barrio Logan Community Plan, the commercial and residential zones are the heart of the community and are framed by major streets and key sight lines. The development of these zones are driven by multi-family development, but are restricted by the large industrialized zones. Near the waterfront, land is reserved for heavy industrial and military development, primarily the San Diego Naval Base. The industrial and military development of the land has forced awkward circumstances on the existing community as some residents find themselves living next door to a boat building yard. This shows a relative disregard for the existing community present before the industrial development.

Additionally, the proximity of the Naval Base has sparked development that further imposes on the Barrio Logan Community such as a need for naval lodging. Barrio Logan has been forced to adapt and integrate these waterfront industrial conditions.

Chapter 3 - Site Understanding Contextual Understanding 70

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EXISTING TOPOGRAPHY

Topography

The site is effectively flat and continues this way to the bay to the west and south, elevation increases well beyond the site boundary to the north and east. Balboa Park is built on top of a hill while it spreads out into the many canyons that stretch from it. via topographicmap.com

Water Availability

The availability of water in Logan Heights is limited due to its lack of precipitation and large population .it receives approximately 12 inches of rain per year, mostly seeing clear and sunny days. Logan Heights also experiences an average humidity of 69% per year with the most humid month being July and the driest being January. Logan Heights and the rest of San Diego rely on imported water from northern California or the Colorado River through the 242-mile-long Colorado River Aqueduct. Still, Logan Heights and San Diego produce 10% of their own drinking water through the desalination of ocean water.

Institute of Lifelong Learning Logan Heights - San Diego, CA Studio White project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022

Resource Availability

Logan Heights benefits from coastal air and its proximity to the Pacific Ocean. The coastal winds can easily be utilized in passive design strategies for individual buildings as well as energy generation for the city as a whole. Offshore wind and hydroelectric farms have great potential in powering the city but have received push back from the city power suppliers like San Diego Gas & Electric Company. Gas and electricity are provided by the San Diego Gas & Electric Company. SDG&E has substantial investment in the Barrio Logan community. One of the utility’s major power stations in the San Diego region is in Barrio Logan. This station is identified as the Silvergate substation, located west of Harbor Drive at Sampson Street.

Climate

San Diego has a diurnal swing of about 35 degrees Fahrenheit with a mean temperature of about 65-70 degrees. This puts San Diego in the comfort zone for a major portion of the year: June to November, however August and September also shows typically high temperatures between high 70s and 80s. Design Strategies that are effective in the climate are internal heat gain and solar direct gain. Sun shading is important as well for higher sun angles. San Diego’s wind primarily comes from the northwest and reaches speeds between 10MPH - 13MPH

Chapter 3 - Site Understanding Contextual Understanding -

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Vegetation

Intense urbanization means no native plants are and little landscaping Coastal proximity means future plans to preserve vegetation in waters to preserve small sea creatures in the area The coastal climate can support many types of succulents, such as the artichoke agave or the Mexican fence post cactus. Various wildflowers can also strive here such as the Arroyo Lupine, the Goodding’s Verbena, the Bush Anemone, as well as Texas Sundrops. Various types of trees can successfully live in this climate such as the Chaste Tree and Pheonix Mesquite. In the right conditions, San Diego can be quite lush as we can see in Fern Canyon in the San Diego Zoo and Balboa Park.

•

• •

•

Wildlife

Birdlife most prominent, almost non-existent wildlife beyond this Nearest wildlife is 3.5 miles away in a canyon: coyotes, deer, and other mammals Six miles south of community is a habitat for rare/endangered birds 430 bird species in the area, half are seasonal (in San Diego County) Infrastructure and dumping waste have contributed to decreased biodiversity especially in north and central bay of San Diego (location of Barrio Logan is central bay) - Oil spills, ship waste, etc Ocean life includes dolphins, otters, and sea lions, as well as fish and crustaceans but much less divers

•

Soil Soil is primarily composed marine and nonmarine, poorly consolidated, fine- andmedium-grained, pale brown sandstone = weak soil conditions Close proximity to Rose Canyon fault= earthquake and liquefaction prone area but occupiable

via mapbox

Institute of Lifelong Learning Logan Heights - San Diego, CA Studio White project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022

source: SanDiego.gov 14

Chapter 4 - Campus Master Plan Campus Context

The relocation site of Cal Western School of Law is located in Logan Heights, a neighborhood within the city of San DiegoFrom this site, views towards the Coronado Bridge and the San Diego Public Library can be achieved. Each building on tis campus serves a specific purpose to aid in the success of the graduate students. Ameninties included on the overall campus from each building include Performing Arts Center Greenhouses and spaces for food production Environmental Sustainability labs Voter rights and education centers Academic classrooms, study spaces and vocational training Recreation Center Law Library Each building is configured on the site to face the campus courtyard, aimed to be the campus center.

Institute of Lifelong Learning Logan Heights - San Diego, CA Studio White project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022

Campus Best Practices

Upon analysis and review of other universities, it was concluded that important qualities that exist for a campus plan to be successful must be reflected. Our project seeks to prioritize the experiences of the Law students and Latin American immigrants who will predominantly be utilizing these campus spaces. On the other hand, we also wish to create a transitional experience from the public to private through landscaping features that introduces biophilic design. Furthermore, the qualities and characteristics of a campus plan that are of greatest interest to our project include: (1) responding to environmental and cultural context, (2) implementing transitional spaces, (3) introducing biophilic design, and (4) continuity of design that encourages sense of community.

Biophilic Design • • •

Implementation of vegetation – including deciduous trees and shrubs with an emphasis on those that provide foo Landscape design that seeks to engage communities Landscape and vegetation that encourages health and wellbeing of project’s user

Transitional Spaces • • •

Creating transitions within the campus from academical spaces to recreational to residential by implementing central courtyard and front lawns of buildings. Important in order to create distinctions between spaces These transitional spaces seek to create dynamic buffers within a space to elevate the user’s experience.

Sense of Community • • •

Creating central nodes or quads that allow for various student or regional communities to cross paths and engage with one another Provide buffer zones for students to study or rest between classes Provide landscape features whilst implementing seating that enables people to sit and engage in conversations

Environment and Cultural Context • •

Understanding the cultural context of where a project resides and how to contribute in a respectful way Encouraging community engagement with local communities

campus navigation

transportation

How Might we Goals Community • How might we reflect global context within local design? • Globally, how might we respond to humanitarian issues such as immigration and mass incarceration through quantitative research and qualitative application? • Locally, how might we design as “apart” of the community rather than “a part” from it, both visually and spatially? Additionally, how might we create a strong campus environment and identity while still welcoming those in need? Clients • How might we design to promote student physical and mental well-being through the organization and development of spaces for both student and community interaction? Service • How might we emphasize the architect’s and law student’s responsibility to serve through building design? Site • Utilize unique site conditions as well as environmental factors to create a safe and accessible place for learning?

amenities travel access

AC C E S S I B I L I T Y

infrastructure

having an accessible campus makes it welcoming to students, professors and guests. we want a campus to be a place for all people to use and beneﬁt from.

LO C AT I O N having campus close to resources makes it easier for students to use the university. students should not struggle to have access to food or supplies while at school. incorporating transportation into campus allows students to explore the environment around them.

advisors

educational

resources

central heart

health services

safety

public recreational facilities

creative professional

O R G A N I Z AT I O N OF S PAC E S

intramural debate

C R E AT I N G A COMMUNITY

business connections

mock trial

the organization of the campus' facilities can be taken into account to facilitate better circulation. a central hub can connect d i ff e r e n t e d u c a t i o n a l a r e a s throughout the campus. placing amenities in these areas can encourage full use of the campus as well as s o c i a l i z i n g b e t w e e n d i ff e r e n t disciplines.

clubs

having spaces that students can both study and relax encourages them to stay on campus. spaces for students to study with peers also creates a stronger community among students.

library

platforms

organizations

campus jobs

alumni

foster connections

ﬁsh bowl

career services

professors

career fairs

greek life

orientation programs student government

personal

professional

dorm room

tech labs

private

Institute of Lifelong Learning Logan Heights - San Diego, CA Studio White project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022

Campus Nolli Maps A Nolli map is a figure ground drawing that aided us in developing our campus plan. These plan drawings help to distinguish private, semi-private, and public places from each other and clearly differentiate space from mass using black and white to represent the area being studied. We used several Nolli maps to help inform us of the flow of spaces on our campus and identify the ideal qualities of a law school campus. Some of the specific campus functional elements we would like to emulate were determined to be on these nine campuses:

Notre Dame Law School This campus creates community through large library reading areas as well as “living rooms” for student and teacher interaction. It utilizes large grassy lawns for social spaces and provides housing for graduate students and their families on campus. Institute of Lifelong Learning Logan Heights - San Diego, CA Studio White project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022

Georgetown Law School This school was chosen for its centralization and walkability in the Washington D.C. area. The campus provides its students with living facilities (such as childcare, a fitness center, and housing for 300 students) to support students’ educational excellence. This is in addition to the classrooms, clinic spaces, and an expensive library. The proximity to national buildings and public transportation also encourages immersion into the extracurricular activities that D.C. has to offer.

Harvard Law School The campus is comprised of mostly historic buildings with lots of green open space between buildings. The WWC is the hub for all student life which holds common spaces, classrooms, clinics, and dining facilities.

Fordham Law School The school’s closeness to the urban setting, along with its inclusion of greenery and proximity to Central Park provides easy access to city activities and nearby law firms. While located in a large, bustling context, the silver LEED certified campus itself contains a smaller plaza within to create a threshold between the campus and the city.

Duke University School of Law Students are expected to live off-campus, while the law school features many sheltered outdoor spaces for students to relax and study. Its clinic wing is designed as a separate law office that fosters trust between law students and clients because it offers a space to meet confidentially.

via Mapbox 17

Campus Nolli Maps

Institute of Lifelong Learning Logan Heights - San Diego, CA Studio White project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022

New York University Law School The school is a unique campus as it is a series of buildings nestled in the city itself and centered around Washington Square Park. It is very well integrated into the city and fosters experiences in which school and city life intertwine.

Stanford Law School The central location of the university primarily gives students access to the mental health services. There are several green spaces available in the form of courtyards for studying and gathering. Its circulation system is also robust as the campus is broken up into four buildings with separate educational functions linked together with shared courtyards.

Lewis and Clark Law School The ample green spaces on the 20-acre campus function as “living rooms” to encourage community and gathering and are used as outdoor classrooms on occasion. The school is further surrounded by the forests of the state park, giving students access to nature as they make their way through the intensive law curriculum.

University of Oregon Law School The buildings on this campus create pockets of public space that are more sheltered than the general public realm and is oriented towards a shared courtyard with other buildings.

via Mapbox 18

Campus Planning Best Practice Campus Best Practices

The objective of the Campus Master Plan is to create a vibrant student life as well as a safe and comfortable environment. This is done by buffering car-heavy streets with trees and landscaping, offering biking and walking opportunities, and creating facilities that are easily accessible to both students and visitors. Cal Western’s new campus will offer recreational and performing arts opportunities in addition to academic resources. Circulation can be divided into pedestrian and bike accessible pathways within campus, which can be accessed by service vehicles. Fruit trees, streetlights, and benches will line these pathways, creating a comfortable and enjoyable environment.

Campus Resiliency

Resiliency refers to a site’s ability to weather adverse conditions (both immediate disasters and long-term stresses) while maintaining a high level of functionality and safety for all its residents. In our era, a primary test of resiliency is a site’s response to the challenges posed by climate change. As a coastal site in a drought and fire-stricken state, our campus will be particularly at-risk. The central concerns include sea-level rise and flooding, increasing temperatures, and decreasing precipitation. Although in the most catastrophic climate scenarios our site may simply become uninhabitable, we have pursued resiliency strategies that will ensure its functionality under many circumstances. Some primary strategies are outlined as follows:

•

• • • • • • • • •

• •

Addressing Sea-Level Rise and Flooding: Our buildings avoid placing primary or essential functions in below-grade spaces, so that flooding events do not damage or inhibit campus activity in the long-run Implementation of bioretention swales? (CHECK) Addressing Increasing Temperatures: Reducing urban heat island effect with extensive site vegetation, cool roofs, and rooftop gardens. Increasing tree canopy on street edge and internal campus quad to give community greater access to shade in extreme heat. Addressing Decreasing Precipitation: Use of building-level water capture and reuse of graywater to reduce strain on municipal water systems. Extensive native-plant landscaping to reduce campus irrigation needs. Addressing Unreliability of Energy Access Reducing energy needs (and thus reliance on potentially spotty energy grids) by taking advantage of appropriate building-scale and site-specific passive strategies. Site design with awareness of solar access to increase natural daylighting in each building. Extensive on-site solar generation to reduce loads on city grid and provide an independent energy source

Institute of Lifelong Learning Logan Heights - San Diego, CA Studio White project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022

Chapter 5 - Project Author

The project is an academic learning space that is integrated with a vocational training center. The first floor is dedicated to socialization and the mixing of the two communities. Facilities in this space include a corner market, a café, career services and presentation gallery. As the project goes up, users circulate through the experiential staircase within the atrium. Each floor is occupied by a mix of vocational classroom s and flexible or didactic law classrooms. The vocational training center has 6 classrooms spread out within the building, with seating for 20 students. Each classroom is dedicated to a different occupational service such as hairdresser, fashion (tailoring), English language learning center, tech services, healthcare and education. The highest floors (floors 6 and 7), are mostly dominated by the moot court space and large law classrooms.

Institute of Lifelong Learning Logan Heights - San Diego, CA Studio White project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022

GOALS AND INFLUENCERS

Performance Goals

EUI is currently at 34 Water • Through fog catchers along the northwest façade, water is collected to water vertical garden spaces. The fog catchers a thin mesh that collects fog during the early morning. 1 meter of the mesh is expected to collect anywhere between 1cup to 2.5g per day. • Light • The façade at the main entry facing the courtyard consists of mostly glazing causing there to be lots of natural daylight entering the area. To combat that potential heat gain, we integrated a vertical louver shading device. Each louver panel is colored with a tone that mirrors those around the site. The light shines though the louvers, casting a colorful light over the space.

Formal Influences •

•

Programmatic Drivers The large homeless population and the neighboring community acted as a push for the vocational training center. The center has various programming and amenities that opens the door to jobs or other opportunities for upward mobility. The topics studied within the vocational training center are diverse and can be skills that are used for a lifetime. Other amenities that help create opportunities for an improved quality off life are the corner marker and clothing closet. The inclusion for the conner store market was in response to the lack of nearby grocery stores and the desire to bring in fresh produce to the neighborhood to encourage healthy habits. The clothing closet and the English Language Learning Center were also included with the intention of reintegrating the users back into the larger community

initial iterations

Institute of Lifelong Learning Logan Heights - San Diego, CA Studio White project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022

Detailed Site Plan

Institute of Lifelong Learning Logan Heights - San Diego, CA Studio White project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022

Furnished Flooplans

UP DN

CLOTHING CLOSET

FACULTY OFFICES & WORKSPACE

STUDENT SUCCESS CENTER

PRINTING CENTER

HAIRDRESSING PROGRAM

UP DN

LOCKER ROOM UP

UP DN

LOCKER ROOM

COSMETOLOGY PROGRAM

FLOOR 3

FLOOR 2

UP DN

FACULTY KITCHEN

UP DN

ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNING PROGRAM

STUDENT SUCCESS CENTER

FACULTY OFFICES DN

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

UP DN

HEALTH CARE PROGRAM

FLOOR 4

Institute of Lifelong Learning Logan Heights - San Diego, CA Studio White project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022

UP DN

EDUCATION PROGRAM

FLOOR 5

Furnished Flooplans

UP DN

FLOOR 7

FLOOR 6

North No rthWWesest t PrPrev evaiailin lingg WWin indd

summer solstice 80°

winter solstice 33°

Transverse Section 1/16" = 1'-0"

FLOOR 8

Institute of Lifelong Learning Logan Heights - San Diego, CA Studio White project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022

FLOOR 5

8’

16’

32’

48’

STRUCTURAL FRAMING HSS6X6X1/4 STEEL BRACING

W21x44 BEAM

W24x55 GIRDER W14x211 CONCRETE ENCASED STEEL COLUMN

5" LW CONCRETE ON 3" METAL DECK

CONCRETE SHEAR WALL

MOMENT FRAME CONNECTION

Structural System

GRAVITY The main materials used for the framing system were steel and concrete. Steel is the main material used for the system (beams, girders and columns). Concrete was used to encase the steel columns to prevent damage caused by outdoor exposure on the ground and roof levels. Challenges came about within the moot court, Because the span for the space was so large due to the occupancy, there were columns coming down into the space in areas that would block views. Another was enlarging our atrium at the center of the building which created another large span for the steel beams to span.

Institute of Lifelong Learning Logan Heights - San Diego, CA Studio White project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022

•

LATERAL The lateral framing system consists of steel braced framing, moment frames and shear walls. Concrete was used to line the egress cores, located on two opposite sides of the building, to create shear walls in two axes. Moment frames (in groups of 2) were placed in line with the columns and along areas with a lot of glazing. The braced frames were placed in areas that were opaque. One of the challenges was configuring the placement due to the amount of glazing along all the faces of the building envelope which is why a decision was made to use moment frames in those areas.

Circulation

Each building is configured on the site to face the campus courtyard, aimed to be the campus center. Circulation through each building and into the site predominantly comes from the transit center near Plot 1 and entrances from main streets such as National Ave, Logan Ave, S 16TH and Commercial Ave. Due to its close proximity to Barrio Logan, the campus and main streets will continue to implement all changes made within the Barrio Logan Expansion Plan. This plan includes enlarging sidewalks along these streets and the integration of bus/bike lines. Th plan also includes expansion on the street for a turn lane and with a vegetated strip. Paved paths and clear walkways connect the city sidewalk and transit center to the campus center. The pathways are lined with trees, bicycle parking and lit up with lights for nighttime use.

Institute of Lifelong Learning Logan Heights - San Diego, CA Studio White project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022

Detailed Wall Section FIXING SCREWS END PLATES VERTICAL PROFILE

ALUMINUM STABILIZING TUBES MOUNTING SCREWS

VERTICAL LOUVERS

The project uses two facade designs, one on the northwest, fog catchers, and on the southwest, colorful louvers. The fog catchers ate attached with an L angle bolted connection that extends the catchers out 3’ from the facade. This is done to allow for maintenance between the catcher and wall. With aluminum connection detail, colorful louvers are attached to the curtain wall with mounting screws that connect the louver/s stabilizing device and the system.

Level 9

120' - 0"

wallsection-curtainwall - Callout 1/2" = 1'-0"

NOR THW EST PRE VAIL ING

WIND S

Level 8

105' - 0"

Level 7 90' - 0"

summer solstice 80°

SHADING DEVICE winter solstice 33° Level 6 75' - 0"

1/2" TILED FLOOR 5" LW CONCRETE ON 3" METAL DECK Level 5 60' - 0"

W24x55 STEEL GIRDER W21x44 STEEL BEAM W14x211 CONCRETE ENCASED STEEL COLUMN

Level 4 45' - 0"

SUSPENDED CEILING RECESSEDLAMP - LED Level 3 30' - 0"

2 S8

Level 2 15' - 0"

Institute of Lifelong Learning 12" CONCRETE SLAB FOUNDATION Logan Heights - San Diego, CA PILE CAP Studio White PILES project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022 0

SCALE: 1/2” = 1’-0”

Level 1 0’ - 0"

Interior Vignettes

3/4 Floor Atrium View

1st Floor Study Space Institute of Lifelong Learning Logan Heights - San Diego, CA Studio White project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022

Interior / Exterior Vignettes

Main Entry - Lounge Space

Institute of Lifelong Learning Logan Heights - San Diego, CA Studio White project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022

Exterior

Interior Vignettes

NW Facade - Fog Catchers

SW Facade - Colorful Louvers

Institute of Lifelong Learning Logan Heights - San Diego, CA Studio White project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022

Reflection Creating a college campus that meets the needs of the students as well as having prgrams that cater to the needs of the community takes a dedicated, prolonged effort. In prior reflections, I spoke about designing with intentionality and intersectionality. As aspiring and established architects, it is our jobs to take into consideration all factors of the site to ensure that we are providing an improved quality of life for everyone that may come in contact with our project. Here and threre, we may fail to see areas in which our intervention would be causing more harm than good like creating a great energy efficient building that also displaced a lot of residents during its construction. In order to create buildings that encompass the space they hold, it is necessary to understand the differing people, backgrounds and stories that create a sense of place. Consider the difference between space and plac. In my opinion, space is an area or volume that can be occupied whereas Place is the product of a space gaining an identity or some distinct feature. Once you make the connections to the site, it’s no longer just a plot of land, but land surrounded with history and life, it becomes easier to identify a social and/or environemtal issue that can be addressed by the architecture. Intersectionality within architecture can arise in various different forms, For example, a surge in children with respiratory illnesses in a new housing development, the cause being a neighboring pollutant affecting the air or water in the area. Possibly even a surge in homelessness after covid due to the loss of income or family breadwinners, which then becomes a point of concern when pitching new developments such as within our chosen site, Logan Heights. Social issues are typically dealt with independant of one another despite them being quite intertwined. Sometimes an obvious solution like housing projects aren’t the only option. In my initial manifesto, I mentioned the reading and media regarding the rural studio which is something that did stick to me throughout double quarter. The whole concept was creating connections between students and community in order to help them bring in new infrastructure into the small town. Because a trust was established, the residents felt comfortable allowing the students to deliver them projects that could sometimes take years to complete. Although our project was not actually being built in Logan Heights, getting the opportunity to walk through the site and even get to interact a little bit was enough to give the empty lot of sense of place and identity. With that in mind, creating community based programming was integrated at every point of the design process Moving forward with the joined project, the programming did not include amenities like housing or recreational areas, instead it included programming to aid in upward mobility. Seting the starting line with a zoomed out lens then slowly focusing onto the Institute of Lifelong Learning Logan Heightsbeneficial - San Diego, CA site was for me in understanding the rich history and Studio White current climate of the site to figure which kinds of programming project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad would be the most helpful. Winter / Spring 2022

Big issues require a variety of flexible solutions and it can sometimes take a team to figure out the best possible solutions. A good thing to note about taking on large or complex issues os that not everything you come up with will be the right solution. Situations, like the current project, where there is such a large impact on the current context, do not have a one size fits all solution. Complex problems often times will require someone toconisider all sides of the issue, again the concept of intersectionality coming onto play. Staying dedicated and determined to learn and understand more is what is ultimately going to help figure out a more custom fit solution. Through this project, I learned a lot about myself and my own design values. The project being at the intersection of two different communities opened a new thought and design process. Early research and visitation of the sight truly did inform how important the smaller details are such as the design of the sun shading, the need for very private office spaces or more public spaces depending on users. Personal growth through this process included changes in how I interact with others in a team seating. Considering the switch from online to in person, turning off your camera was no longer an option so enhancing skills that allowed me to be flexible and adaptable to different kinds of personalities and workflows was a great skill to learn early on.

Bibliography Betance Community Center. SY Architecture, http://www.syarchitecture.com/projects/betances-community-center Community Center Las Americas. Archello, https://archello.com/it/project/community-center-las-amer-icas Gethsemane Lutheran Church. ArchDaily, https://www.archdaily.com/925109/gethsemane-lutheran-church-olson-kundig “Juris Doctor (JD) Program” Cal Western School of Law. https://www.cwsl.edu/academics/academic-programs/jd-program “San Diego,” TopographicMap, https://en-us.topographic-map.com/maps/n0u/San-Diego/ “Soils,” Barrio Logan Harbor 101. San Diego.gov, https://www.sandiego.gov/sites/default/files/legacy/planning/community/profiles/ pdf/cp/cpblfull.pdf “Vegetation,” Barrio Logan Harbor 101. San Diego.gov, https://www.sandiego.gov/sites/default/files/legacy/planning/community/profiles/ pdf/cp/cpblfull.pdf “Wildlife,” Barrio Logan Harbor 101. San Diego.gov, https://www.sandiego.gov/sites/default/files/legacy/planning/community/profiles/ pdf/cp/cpblfull.pdf “10 Best Landscaping Plants for the San Diego Climate.” Eco Minded Solutions, 6 Aug. 2021, https://ecomindedsolutions.com/blog/san-diego-planting-guide/

Institute of Lifelong Learning Logan Heights - San Diego, CA Studio White project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022

Appedices

Centre for Interactive Research on Sustainability

The Centre for Interactive Research on Sustainability, Project Team Architect Perkins+Will, Vancouver,

British Columbia, Canada—Peter Busby, Intl. Assoc. AIA (managing director); Blair McCarry, Martin Nielsen, Z Smith, AIA (principals); Maginnis Cocivera, Sebastien Garon (architects); Brian Gasmena, Jörk Grävenstein, Horace Lai (intern architects)

Mechanical Engineer Fast + Epp Structural and Electrical Engineer Stantec

Martin Tessler. The Centre for Interactive Research on Sustainability, 2011

Civil Engineer Core Group Consultants Geotechnical Engineer Trow Associates Construction Manager Heatherbrae Construction

Landscape Architect PWL Partnership Building Code LMDG Building Code Consultants

Acoustics Consultant BKL Consultants Building Envelope Morrison Hershfield Water Consultants Eco-Tek Ecological

Technologies, NovaTec Consultants

Martin Tessler. The Centre for Interactive Research on Sustainability, 2011

Client The University of British Columbia

Built in: 2011

Size 61,085 square feet Cost $23 million (CAD)

Centre for Interactive Research on Sustainability University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia Perkins&Will Analysis by Nancy Padilla ARCH 341 Discussion Instructor: Hirsig

The Centre for Interactive Research on Sustainability, Project Background

The Centre for Interactive Research on Sustainability (CIRS). The building was built for the University of British Columbia, located in Vancouver, British Columbia, to provide students a space to test ideas and share new information on building performance. It was designed to be the most sustainable building in North America. CIRS was developed through various interactions along a 12 1 year timeline, reaching its completion in 2011. Possible drivers for the construction of this building could be the pressing race against climate change that was beginning to gain attention in the early 2000s. Currently on the UBC campus, the building serves as a space for students to work on sustainability efforts as well as a research subject.2 1. Gaete, Javier. “Centre for Interactive Research on Sustainability / Perkins + Will.” ArchDaily, ArchDaily, 13 Mar. 2013, https://www.archdaily.com/343442/centre-for interactive-research-on-sustainabilityperkins-will. 2. “The Centre for Interactive Research on Sustainability.” Sustain.ubc.ca, 14 May 2019, https://sustain.ubc.ca/ research/research-collections/centre-interactive-research-sustainability.

Achitect Firm Profile Perkins&Will Architects design with their Living Design framework in mind. The Living Design framework strives to design spaces that can enhance social and ecological wellbeing. This firm focuses on creating high-performance building that can create overall thriving environments, socially and ecologically. With the Centre for Interactive Research being a building that focuses on promoting sustainability and developing new technologies for healthy ecological systems. It fits right into the skill set of Perkins&vWill. sources:

Davis, Andrea. “Our Purpose.” Perkins&amp;Will, 9 July 2019, https://perkinswill.com/our-purpose/. Tillotson, Newlin. “Living Design.” Perkins&amp;Will, 15 July 2021, https://perkinswill.com/living-design/.

Institute of Lifelong Learning Centre for Interactive Research on Sustainability of British Columbia, British CA Columbia LoganUniversity Heights - SanVancouver, Diego, Perkins&Will Analysis by Nancy Padilla Studio White ARCH 341 Discussion Instructor: Hirsig project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022

Centre for Interactive Research on Sustainability University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia Perkins&Will Analysis by Nancy Padilla ARCH 341 Discussion Instructor: Hirsig

Context: The Centre is located in a very high density area because it is located on the campus of a university. Within the university campus, it is located towards the south end alongside most of the other science and research buildings. The University of British Columbia is located in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Climate: In order to cater to the needs of the city climate, the architects incorporated a series of things. The way the building is shaped is to ensure that the entirety of the building is lit up using natural daylight. They added in photovoltaic shade operable windows to adjust confront levels from the incoming daylight. The greenery and atrium has also been strategically placed to assist with natural ventilation as well as responding to the changing seasons The University of British Columbia has been on its own climate action plan since 2015. They work hard to reduce their carbon footprint drastically from their 2007 levels. Regional Source: The energy consumed by the University of British Columbia is both sourced from FortisBC, a company that sources the energy for most Vancouer, and also generates its own energy on site. The lower campus where the centre is located is sourced by the university’s energy source.

Structure - Analog

Space and Skin

Centre for Interactive Research on Sustainability

size: 61,000sqft

size: 61,000sqft baseline EUI: 31kBtu/ft^2 target EUI:154kBtu/ft^2

The climate in the area is fairly temperate however it does see colder months with low temperatures due to its geographic location. To combat the cold outdoor temperatures, CIRS integrates a radaint slab that can focus on heat retention. The overall buidlign massing aims to use mostly natural daylight to lightup spaces but also has built in photovoltaic shaded operable windows to control the amount of hear coming in. The builidng also has several green facades that also assist with ventialtion and shading

Centre for Interactive Research on Sustainability University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia Perkins&Will Analysis by Nancy Padilla ARCH 341 Discussion Instructor: Hirsig

ASE

CENTRAL PLANT

Centre for Interactive Research on Sustainability

size: 61,000sqft baseline EUI: 31kBtu/ft^2 target EUI:154kBtu/ft^2 WWR NORTHEAST: 63% SOUTHEAST: 42% SOUTHWEST 77% NORTHWEST: 94% SDA: NORTHEAST: 39% SOUTHEAST: 25% SOUTHWEST 32% NORTHWEST: 33% ASE FLOOR 1: 83% FLOOR 2: 100% FLOOR 3: 90% FLOOR 4: 92% The Centre for Interactive Research on Sustainability has two narrow winds connected by an atrium in the center. The wings are comprised of a 30’ window that allow natural light into the space.

size: 61,000sqft

sDA

Auditorium - Displacement ventilation via a dedicated air handling unit - pre-set air flow and temperature settings during operation hours - warm air leaves audirotium into atrium and out through top of vents Atrium - utilizes stack affect: draws air from the rest of the building - air is exhausted through motorized vents in the roof which acts as a passive cooling tower - manually operable windows to be adjusted by user Service Space - mechanically ventilated - heat from exhaust air and mechanical systems is captured by waste heat recovery system: used to preheat air brought into building

Under Floor Air Distribution displacement ventilation through floor intake for mechanical ventilation system

Ventilation is provided through an airbuses system. The windows on the building are mostly operable in the regularly used spaces which allow for adjustments to air flow and temperature based on the user. The atrium draws in air from the building through stack ventilation and pushes the air out vents on the roof.

The building also employs artificial lighting in the offices and labs where daylight might not reach. The entire building has programmable lighting. In public spaces, it is programmed by operation schedule. Lighting levels are managed by photocells

operable vents at top of atrium

The building has two air handling units, one for the auditorium and one for the rest of the building. The ventilation in the auditorium uses displacement ventilation which is hidden underneath the seats. In smaller spaces, natural ventilation is supplemented by mechanical systems and uses heat. Displacement ventilation Is underneath a raised floor and the users can adjust the airflow.

Centre for Interactive Research on Sustainability University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia Perkins&Will Analysis by Nancy Padilla ARCH 341 Discussion Instructor: Hirsig

Original Manifesto

1 Manifesto: Design with a personal and global sense of Intersectionality Within the profession, various social issues that impact the design in many different

government support. Considering the role of the architect today; they design complex buildings for large scale clients. It is not typically associated with being a part of disaster relief or called on

ways. Because of that, the role of the architect is not solely to design an aesthetically pleasing

as a form of aid. Design Like You Give a Damn - About What mentions “architecture-as-aid.”

facade but to be an activist and apply solutions for the issues that lie in the path. Designing with

This idea is that architecture can be used as a way to combat some of the housing (and other)

the idea of a personal and global sense of intersectionality is needed for the architect to be able to

needs that are hitting around the globe. It also mentions that it is also important to understand

give back and provide spaces that improve quality of life. No issues within society are truly

that with implementing architectural strategies, there is a possibility of causing harm. Because of

black and white or isolated from other issues, each can intersect and overlap, and the architect

this, when leaving the context that is familiar, integration within the natural environment, the

should be able to help provide possible solutions to the problems within reach. Common social

community and culture is crucial.

issues such Environmental issues leading to large amounts of homelessness and migration or

Integrating architects into finding solutions to housing crises that are affecting a large

improper government practices that have left behind disadvantaged communities, can have

number of populations, a task has typically been left to the governing bodies; could produce

solutions through architecture.

homes that can be cost effective, allow for aesthetically appealing qualities and be designed with

Looking back, many important historical points have contributed to many becoming

the community in mind. The excerpt from Design Like you Give a Damn,“100 Years Of

underprivileged. Within the U.S., lending programs were created in order to stimulate the

Humanitarian Design,” goes through various ways that have dealt with this and how architects

housing market during the Great Depression. While the program was able to provide many

have become part of the narrative both successes and failures. Architects Lucien Kroll and

people with loans to purchase homes in nice areas, many that identified with minority

Giancarlo DeCarlo sought to integrate community participation within the design process in

populations were often denied which furthered segregation in neighborhoods. Red-lining was a

order to ensure the end product would meet community needs. This idea of community

concept that allowed lenders to refuse to give loans to neighborhoods outlined as high risk.

participation in design was passed along to other housing relief projects such as what Samuel

Typically those that resided there were also minority communities. This, on top of

Mockbee was trying to show his students. Through the Rural Studio article and introductory

“White-flight,” caused there to be a skew in property value and quality of life in these

video, the students integrate themselves into the community in order to understand the

neighborhoods. Many attempts by the government to provide aid and fix the neighborhoods often

environmental and cultural contexts that they are working in. From these two sources, architects

were unsuccessful and caused large amounts of displacement and homelessness. In other nations,

learn to reintegrate themselves by creating bonds with and among the members of the

such as those referred to as “third world” countries and those heavily destroyed by WW2 like

community which bringst the profession back into designing for the underserved and those in

Japan, have attempted to to reach those who have been affected through global aid and some

Institute of Lifelong Learning Logan Heights - San Diego, CA Studio White project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022

need. Learning and applying these ideas from the Rural Studio allow that time for self reflection

communities. One project can touch on more than one issue when we are aware and

on why we do what we do.

acknowledge that the issues exist.

Social activism comes in many forms, architecture being one of them. The role of the architect is to design areas that provide comfort or entertainment, things that make people feel good. Diving into global issues will create better overall design. By only responding to one aspect of a social issue, we fall short. For example, a building could have great energy use efficiency but could cause some form of displacement in the surrounding areas. When helping restore communities is a great mission, go in with a passion to learn and a desire to integrate. Oftentimes, we may fail to see areas in which our intervention would be causing more harm than good. Because of the way history played out, the western world is considered the dominant, modern view. However, not every country that lies outside of the western culture seeks t o mirror or replicate it. Recognizing our privilege as we go into other spaces that are unfamiliar will allow better connections to be made one-on-one since it allows us to break down preconceived notions of place and culture that come about unconsciously. Assess your own story and your reason to start off on the right foot. Using forms of housing as an example to issues that can be touched on by architecture is great because the community receives the end product, but the architect receives the experience and connections that have lasting impact. That being said, within the same realm, the architect being environmentally conscious from the start of the design process can help various other social issues. Utilizing reused materials, like projects in the Rural Studio, can help lower the amount of waste that is produced on site and integrating passive design strategies can lower the amount of energy needed to create comfortable spaces. Adding in local greenery and possible sources of food, such as gardens or crop space, into projects can help lower food scarcity within

References Linsell, Nikki. Designing Like You Give a Damn - About What Exactly? Exploring the Ethics of Humanitarian Architecture. UIA Durban, 2014. Rural Studio, director. YouTube, YouTube, 19 June 2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=704hR8KLCf0. Accessed 3 Jan. 2022. Stohr, Kate. “100 Years Of Humanitarian Design.” Design like You Give A Damn: Architectural Responses to Humanitarian Crises, Metropolis Books, London, , 2007, pp. 33–53.

Institute of Lifelong Learning Logan Heights - San Diego, CA Studio White project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022

Precedent Research

Institute of Lifelong Learning Logan Heights - San Diego, CA Studio White project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022

ARCH 307 Lab/Project Submissions

1/12/22, 3:46 PM

2030 Baseline

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1/12/22, 3:45 PM

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On-Site PV Generation Potential Remaining Off-Site Procured Renewable Energy

kBtu/ft²-yr

MBtu/yr

43.2

4,319.6

43.2

4,319.6

9.4

940.5

33.8

3,379.1

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Site EUI (kBtu/ft²/yr)

132

N/A

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Source EUI (kBtu/ft²/yr)

263

N/A

870

174

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Estimated Site EUI: 33.01 kBtu/ft²-yr Estimated Site Energy Consumption: 3,301.20 MBtu/yr



End Use

Subtotal

Percent

(kBtu/ft²-yr) Heating Cooling

1.45 3.39 4.21

12.77%

15.49

46.91%

Service Hot Water

1.84

5.58%

Fans

5.64

Other

Exterior Light Heat Rejection Pumps

zerotool.org/zerotool/

1/3

https://zero-code.org/energy-calculator-for-california/

Total

17.10%

0.60 0.08 0.30

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33.01

100.00%

solar shading

cross ventilation

internal heat gain

passive solar direct gain - high mass

Overhangs can block out unwanted direct sunlight and prevent overheating. Exterior horizontal shading can be used to block direct sunlight on south facing glazing. Overhangs should be extended 1/4 the height of the opening in this area.

By locating windows perpendicular to prevailing winds and openings on opposite sides of the building, natural ventilation can provide fresh air, and reduce or eliminate the need for air conditioning. Air flow must be unobstructed to properly ventilate a space. Cross ventilation removes heat from a space and can maintain interior air temperature.

Solar glazing allows direct sunlight to enter a space for passive heating. It is sized to let in enough sunlight to heat a space over a full 24 hour period. In this climate, 10% of the floor area needs to be heated.

Nancy Padilla | Arch 307 - 05 | Winter ’22

4.39% 10.27%

Interior Lighting Plug Loads

1/2

The wind wheel shows that most of the wind is coming in from the west. This could be because of the proximity to the Pacific Ocean and the San Diego Bay. It will be a great idea to orient a few windows on the west walls to take advantage of the winds for natural ventilation. This area will need the most shading during the earlier hours of the day which will require shading to not overheat the interior spaces. During later hours of the day, the need for sun shading is less so implementing some form of adjustable shading devices would be beneficial

Chula Vista typically has temperatures outside of the comfort zone. Temperatures of 70 degrees and above are seen during the months of July through midOctober reaching a high temperature of 80 degrees . Lower temperatures are seen during the beginning of the year from January - March, with some high temperatures scattered in between.

Lab 1 - Climate Analysis

Institute of Lifelong Learning Logan Heights - San Diego, CA Studio White project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022

INDIVIDUAL MATRIX ANJALI BEEKAM

STACEY WHITE

LOGAN HEIGHTS/ SAN DIEGO

100,000 SQ. FT. Lab 2 - Form, Stucture and Energy TARGET EUI: 27

TEAM MATRIX ANJALI BEEKAM NICK GOLDSHMIDT NANCY PADILLA KENZI PELLETEIR MAYA ROSEN

307-05 / STUDIO WHITE

INDIVIDUAL MATRIX ANJALI BEEKAM

STACEY WHITE

WHITE HEIGHTS, CA shape,STACEY While our site is located inLOGAN sunny San Diego, the building floor-to-floor height and window-to-wall ratio

have a large impact on the EUI. In attempts to lower the EUI, I tested different floor-to-floor heights. I learned 100000SQFT that having a smaller height usually results in a lower EUI but it must also HEIGHTS/ have a lower window-to-wall LOGAN SAN DIEGO ratio. KBTU/SQFT/YR With a TARGET EUI: 27, 27 I feel very accomplished wish my ability to make SQ. buildings 100,000 FT. with lower EUIs. Most of our buildings are educational or residental, so I made a mixture of bar widths that would be good for residential and TARGET EUI: 27 some that would be good for classrooms and courtrooms. I think the alphabet technique was more successful in achieving the target EUI.

LOGAN HEIGHTS/ SAN DIEGO 100,000 SQ. FT. TARGET EUI: 27

Maya Rosen | Studio White | ARCH 307 | Winter 2022

SUMMARY

Based on the iterative prototyping for the massing typologies, it can be noted that floor to floor height, window head height, and window sill height alter the EUI but it is not a drastic change just based on the performative daylighting characteristics. By decreasing the number of floors, the EUI was reduced. At the same time, the surface to volume ratio was changing drastically based on a glazed atrium, or open courtyard. The ring like form was the most energy efficient as it had the least floor, most effective courtyard placement, and a narrow one. THe WWR did show changes in the surface to volume ratio but there was minimal change in EUI just with that factor.

SUMMARY

While our site is located in sunny San Diego, the building shape, floor-to-floor height and window-to-wall ratio have a large impact on the EUI. In attempts to lower the EUI, I tested different floor-to-floor heights. I learned that having a smaller height usually results in a lower EUI but it must also have a lower window-to-wall ratio. With a TARGET EUI: 27, I feel very accomplished wish my ability to make buildings with lower EUIs. Most of our buildings are educational or residental, so I made a mixture of bar widths that would be good for residential and some that would be good for classrooms and courtrooms. I think the alphabet technique was more successful in achieving the target EUI.

While our site is located in sunny San Diego, the building shape, floor-to-floor height and window-to-wall ratio

have a large impact on the EUI. In attempts lower Our the EUI, I tested different floor-to-floor heights. I learned After comparing our Matrix, we noticed how varied our EUI results were even when using the sameto site. a smaller height usually results in a lower EUI but it must also have a lower window-to-wall ratio. site’s target EUI was 27 for downtown San Diego. Some membersthat of having our group took the notion of “alphabet With a TARGET EUI: 27, I feel very accomplished wish my ability to make buildings with lower EUIs. Most of our letters” more realistically than others. When using a loser definition of “alphabet” theorEUI was higher than whenof bar widths that would be good for residential and buildings are educational residental, so I made a mixture some be good courtrooms. using a true letter shape. When there was more more surface area onthat thewould exterior of for theclassrooms buildingand there was I think the alphabet technique was more successful in achieving the target EUI. SUMMARY a lower EUI. We tested different floor heights, ranging window-to-wall ratios. With a building of 100,000 sf it is SUMMARY important that we are able to lower the EUI to limit our environmental impact. Our groupBased tested lotsiterative of different on the prototyping for the massing typologies, it can be noted that floor to floor height, window head heig and window sill height alter the EUI but it is not a drastic change just based on the performative daylighting characteristi shapes with different restrictions controls andfor it taught us the rangeitthe EUInoted canthat have based onwindow the Based on theand iterative prototyping the massing typologies, can be floorjust to floor height, head height, By decreasing the number of floors, the EUI was reduced. At the same time, the surface to volume ratio was changing and window sill height alter the EUI but it is not a drastic change just based on the performative daylighting characteristics. building’s shape and facade. drastically based on a glazed atrium, or open courtyard. The ring like form was the most energy efficient as it had the lea Maya Rosen | Studio White | ARCH 307 | Winter 2022

By decreasing the number of floors, the EUI was reduced. At the same time, the surface to volume ratio was changing Maya Rosen | Studio White | ARCH 307 | Winter 2022 floor, most effective courtyard placement, and a narrow one. THe WWR did show changes in the surface to volume ratio drastically based on a glazed atrium, or open courtyard. The ring like form was the most energy efficient as it had the least there was minimal change in EUI just with that factor. floor, most effective courtyard placement, and a narrow one. THe WWR did show changes in the surface to volume ratio but there was minimal change in EUI just with that factor.

INDIVIDUAL MATRIX NANCY PADILLA 307-05 / STUDIO WHITE LOGAN HEIGHTS, CA 100000SQFT 27KBTU/SQFT/YR While our site is located in sunny San Diego, the building shape, floor-to-floor height and window-to-wall ratio have a large impact on the EUI. In attempts to lower the EUI, I tested different floor-to-floor heights. I learned that having a smaller height usually results in a lower EUI but it must also have a lower window-to-wall ratio. With a TARGET EUI: 27, I feel very accomplished wish my ability to make buildings with lower EUIs. Most of our buildings are educational or residental, so I made a mixture of bar widths that would be good for residential and some that would be good for classrooms and courtrooms. I think the alphabet technique was more successful in achieving the target EUI.

Maya Rosen | Studio White | ARCH 307 | Winter 2022

SUMMARY

Institute of Lifelong Learning Logan Heights - San Diego, CA Studio White project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022

The EUI calculations for these buildings varied between 2-3. Something that stayed consistent was the relationship of the F.F height and the WWR with the window head height. For example changing the F.F height from x Varying the F.F height didn’t make much of a difference to the EUI because the WWR was staying at a very similar number. The courtyard, atrium and covered atrium configurations also contributed to slight changes in EUI as well as S:V ratio. Starting at EUI of 34, Glazed atrium seemed to lower EUI by 2 but open courtyards showed an increase by 2. Adding in a courtyard or a glazed atrium but keeping the same F.F and WWR lowered EUI but also raised S:V ratio. Varying building height while staying within the SQFT percentages didn’t seem to create noticeable changes.

INDIVIDUAL STUDY 1 NANCY PADILLA 307-05 / STUDIO WHITE

LOGAN HEIGHTS, CA 100000SQFT TARGET EUI: 27 KBTU/SQFT/YR

STUDY SUMMARY For this building type, I wanted to see how much the EUI would change with a glazed atrium space. This building type did not show much variation in EUI when changing F.F. and increasing/decreasing the WWR. For this study in particular, Shiting from a glazed atrium from an open courtyard created a dip in the EUI. From there, Reducing the WWR from .3125 to .1875 did not make any change in the EUI but it did cause a change in the S:V ratio. Increasing the WWR to .437 caused the EUI to shift upwards. The S:V ratio also increased which means that more energy is being lost when the WWR is getting larger.

INDIVIDUAL STUDY 2 NANCY PADILLA 307-05 / STUDIO WHITE

LOGAN HEIGHTS, CA 100000SQFT TARGET EUI: 27 KBTU/SQFT/YR

STUDY SUMMARY More of an alphabet typology building with a courtyard, the EUI showed changes with the addition of the courtyard and increasing the building SQFT (but still staying within the 5% margin). Making changes in F.F. and WWR did not make much of a change but I did notice that when varying the F.F. with the window height, the WWR ratio sometimes stays the same which leads to a static EUI which is what happened in some of the iterations.

Institute of Lifelong Learning Logan Heights - San Diego, CA Studio White project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022

INDIVIDUAL STUDY 3 NANCY PADILLA 307-05 / STUDIO WHITE

LOGAN HEIGHTS, CA 100000SQFT TARGET EUI: 27 KBTU/SQFT/YR

STUDY SUMMARY This building was to experiment with # of floors and then adding in courtyards/atriums/glazed atriums. From this building, The # of floors did not really have as much of an impact on the EUI that I assumed it would when comparing this one to the other studies. Lowering the WWR and the F.F height as well as shifting from an open courtyard to a glazed atrium showed decreasing in EUI by 3 from the original building.

Institute of Lifelong Learning Logan Heights - San Diego, CA Studio White project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022

INDIVIDUAL MATRIX ANJALI BEEKAM

STACEY WHITE

LOGAN HEIGHTS/ SAN DIEGO

100,000 SQ. FT. Lab 3 - Form, Stucture and Energy Part 2 TARGET EUI: 27

TEAM MATRIX ANJALI BEEKAM NICK GOLDSHMIDT NANCY PADILLA KENZI PELLETEIR MAYA ROSEN

307-05 / STUDIO WHITE

INDIVIDUAL MATRIX

ANJALI BEEKAM

STACEY WHITE

WHITE HEIGHTS, CA shape,STACEY While our site is located inLOGAN sunny San Diego, the building floor-to-floor height and window-to-wall ratio have a large impact on the EUI. In attempts to lower the EUI, I tested different floor-to-floor heights. I learned 100000SQFT that having a smaller height usually results in a lower EUI but it must also HEIGHTS/ have a lower window-to-wall LOGAN SAN DIEGO ratio. KBTU/SQFT/YR With a TARGET EUI: 27, 27 I feel very accomplished wish my ability to make SQ. buildings 100,000 FT. with lower EUIs. Most of our buildings are educational or residental, so I made a mixture of bar widths that would be good for residential and TARGET EUI: 27 some that would be good for classrooms and courtrooms. I think the alphabet technique was more successful in achieving the target EUI.

LOGAN HEIGHTS/ SAN DIEGO 100,000 SQ. FT. TARGET EUI: 27

Maya Rosen | Studio White | ARCH 307 | Winter 2022

SUMMARY

While our site is located in sunny San Diego, the building shape, floor-to-floor height and window-to-wall ratio

a large impact the EUI. In attempts to lower the EUI, I tested different floor-to-floor heights. I learned For lab 3. We focused more on developing forms and studies thathave resembled ouron studio models. Many stayed that having a smaller height usually results in a lower EUI but it must also have a lower window-to-wall ratio. within a courtyard topology which caused lots of change in Surface to volume ratio. The changes that were made With a TARGET EUI: 27, I feel very accomplished wish my ability to make buildings with lower EUIs. Most of our to look at SDA were variations in F.F height and shifting up and down theare windows along the wall seeahow that buildings educational or residental, so to I made mixture of bar widths that would be good for residential and that wouldhigher be goodSDAs for classrooms and courtrooms. increased or decreased. The EUIs that were given when focusing some on creating were very large, farI think the alphabet technique was more successful in achieving the target EUI. SUMMARY from our target EUI. Maya Rosen | Studio White | ARCH 307 | Winter 2022

SUMMARY

Based on the iterative prototyping for the massing typologies, it can be noted that floor to floor height, wind and window sill height alter the EUI but it is not a drastic change just based on the performative daylighting Based on the iterative prototyping for the massing typologies, it can be noted that floor to floor height, window head height, By decreasing the number of floors, the EUI was reduced. At the same time, the surface to volume ratio wa and window sill height alter the EUI but it is not a drastic change just based on the performative daylighting characteristics. drastically based on a glazed atrium, or open courtyard. The ring like form was the most energy efficient as By decreasing the number of floors, the EUI was reduced. At the same time, the surface to volume ratio was changing Maya Rosen | Studio White | ARCH 307 | Winter 2022 floor, most effective courtyard placement, and a narrow one. THe WWR did show changes in the surface to drastically based on a glazed atrium, or open courtyard. The ring like form was the most energy efficient as it had the least there was minimal change in EUI just with that factor. floor, most effective courtyard placement, and a narrow one. THe WWR did show changes in the surface to volume ratio but there was minimal change in EUI just with that factor.

Maya Rosen | Studio White | ARCH 307 | Winter 2022

SUMMARY

Institute of Lifelong Learning Logan Heights - San Diego, CA Studio White project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022

With focusing on SDA percentages, EUI calculations were pretty large in comparison to the target EUI. The building forms stayed pretty similar from what I did for Lab 2 because they somewhat resembled the form for my studio project One of the studies that was interesting was the one with the open courtyard which had a huge change in EUI f(from the 30s to the 20s). When I looked over that one, I found that it was because the SQFT lowered by 2% (still staying in the 5% range). Overall the EUIs stayed within pretty similar ranges.

DAYLIGHT STUDY

SUMMARY

I chose to further the one highlighted in blue for structural grids because it resembled my studio forms the most. I found that when I made some significant jumps in SDA, there were also increases in EUI. I tested shifting upwards the windows. I raised the window head and sill height to get the window to sit higher on the wall. There were limitations to how much I could shift because of the structural member depths. This also gave SDA percentages in a high range. Courtyards created large surface to volume ratios which also increased the SDA glazed atriums also showed some impact on SDA but not really as much as the open courtyards.Describe rationale for structural framing plan and its impact of design integration

COURTYARD TYPOLOGY 5” SLAB

1 1/2” DECKING

24” GIRDER

16” BEAM

The bay for this massing is 30’x30’. By measuring the total lengths and widths, I divided those numbers by 6 in both directions. What this gives me is a 24” deep girder and a 16” beam. The effects this would have on the design of the building would be on the ceiling heights and the window head height. From the lecture, I know that window placement on the walls have an effect on how much and how deep light enters a room. What I found during the daylight studies was that raising the window on the wall created increases in SDA but the beam and girder depths limit the amount it can be raised. Beam and girder depths also caused limitations with F.F. height.

This chart is for steel wideflange beams, composite beams, and girders. For average and light loads, read toward the right in the indicated areas. For heavy loads, read toward the left. Beams or girders acting as part of a rigid frame for lateral stability may be deeper than indicated by this chart. �

SIZING THE STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

STRUCTURAL STEEL BEAMS AND GIRDERS

105

Standard depths of shapes come in 2-in. (50-mm) increments up to 18 in. (450 mm) deep, and in 3-in. (75mm) increments for larger sizes.

�

Widths of beams and girders range from approximately onethird to one-half the depth of the member. Heavy sections used for heavy loads or to conserve depth may be wider. �

Institute of Lifelong Learning Logan Heights - San Diego, CA Studio White project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022

FIRE-RESISTANCE RATINGS FOR STEEL BEAMS AND GIRDERS Steel beams and girders may be used in both Combustible and Noncombustible Construction. Fire-resistance ratings of as high as 4 hours are achievable with applied fireproofing or an appropriately fire-resistive ceiling. Some building codes also allow reduced fire protection or exposed steel for roof structures that are 15 to 25 ft (4.6 to 7.6 m) or more above the floor.

Depths of up to 36 in. (914 mm) are available as standard rolled sections. Deeper beams capable of longer spans may be shop-fabricated.

�

Allen, Edward, and Joseph Iano. The Architect's Studio Companion : Rules of Thumb for Preliminary Design, John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, 2017. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/calpoly/detail.action?docID=4790663. Created from calpoly on 2021-01-20 09:56:25.

Lab 3 - Daylight Modeling

dec 21

9AM

12PM

3PM

mar/sept 21

9AM

12PM

3PM

9AM

12PM

3PM

12PM

3PM

Nancy Padilla | Arch 307-05 | WINTER 22 | LAB 4

dec 21

daylight model

12PM

3PM

12PM

3PM

12PM

3PM

mar/sept 21

jun 21

9AM

12PM

3PM

Nancy Padilla | Arch 307-05 | WINTER 22 | LAB 4

9AM

3PM

jun 21

9AM

12PM

mar/sept 21

jun 21

9AM

reflection In my studies, I enjoyed playing with different shades of colors and materials. One of my favorite ones is the one done with a perforated plastic sheet. I performed a couple different attempts with it, such as how much of the top it took up or how it made the space feel with different color lights. The material itself gave off a sort of isolating feel with the way it hit the scale figure. Using materials like the aluminum sheet was also interesting because it bounced off even the smaller pieces of light back into the space. In the studio project, the goal is to create a safe and welcoming place for students and community and since we are situated in San Diego, a place with lots of sun, it’s important to apply what we learned here to how we do shading and glazing in our project. If we do colored glazing, choosing warm/lighter colors that can make a space feel comfortable. And if we do move forward with some sort of perforated screen, thinking about how big/small they should be to 1. Still provide accurate shading and 2. Not make that isolating/encapsulating feeling that I found.

Nancy Padilla | Arch 307-05 | WINTER 22 | LAB 4

Institute of Lifelong Learning Logan Heights - San Diego, CA Studio White project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022

Integrated Builidng Section

summer solstice 80°

Circulatory Glazed Atrium

winter solstice 33°

Glazed facade allows residents and students easy access to interior programs Sunlight coming in from atrium lights interior spaces

STACK VENTILATION as it is

possibility for open to each floor

Air Handling Unit

supply cool and warm air to each floor through vents in ceiling

CLASSROOM FLEXIBLE

STRUCTURAL SYSTEM: Timber; CLT, Glulam Beams

CONFERENCE ROOM

CROSS VENTILATION

VOCATIONAL CLASSROOM

CLOTHING CLOSET

PRESENTATION GALLERY

FACADE + SHADING DEVICE

glazed facade that allows natural daylight to enter space and illuminate shading facade block out more of summer sun to account for San Diego temperatures

MOOT COURT

FACULTY TOUCHDOWN WORKSPACE ASSOCIATE DEAN’S OFFICE

FACULTY TOUCHDOWN WORKSPACE

FACULTY WORKROOM

CONFERENCE ROOM

INTEGRATED SECTION 1/16" = 1'-0"

Institute of Lifelong Learning Logan Heights - San Diego, CA Studio White project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022

DAYLIGHTING

FORM/MASSING

SYSTEMS INTEGRATION REPORT NOELANI MAYLAD | NANCY PADILLA

Our team prioritized a colorful glazed circulatory,atrium space on our front facade to harness daylight INDIVIDUAL INDIVIDUAL into the space and MATRIX create a warm and color environment on the interior.MATRIX Through stack and cross WWR: 0.307 WWR: 0.400 WWR: 0.400 WWR: 0.307 WWR: 0.204 PALM SPRINGS, CA PALMcool SPRINGS,air CA ventilation, is allowed to travel through the interior and exit through the top of the atrium. The 100,000 GROSS SQUARE FEET 100,000 GROSS SQUARE FEET 27 TARGET EUI: 27 color mosaic planned for the atrium gives off a sense of play TARGET and EUI: youth, a nice contradiction to the SUMMARY system was not going to work for SUMMARY seriousness of a law campus. We realized that the standard structural The following schemes are The following schemes are KATHERINE NEUNER the building. Moving with a tartan grid which allows for we were able to brokenirregular down into columnsspacing, of broken down into columnsforward of the same Window to Wall Ratio the same Window to Wall Ratio LYDIA ROSENTHAL (WWR) and rows of similar (WWR) and rows of similar for the vocational training center (floors create larger hallways 4-7) and larger didactic law classrooms. design. With each alteration in design. With each alteration in metrics, noticed how and the WWRwelcoming environment for I noticed how WWR HOLLY DUFEK Selectingmetrics, timber astheour structural system, we wanted to create a Iwarm INDIVIDUAL MATRIX was impacted. When decreasing was impacted. When decreasing the Window Head0.400 Height, the the Window Head Height, the WWR: WWR: 0.204 our various demographics utilizing these spaces. Through our atrium and interior WWR: light0.307 well, we were WWR would also decrease. WWR would also decrease. NOELANI MAYLAD PALM SPRINGS, CA However, when decreasing the However, when decreasing the GROSS SQUARE FEET able to achieve ourthetarget EUI (27) and reach100,000 a score of 24. WHITE Window Sill Height, the WWR Window Sill Height, WWR STACEY TARGET EUI: 27

Katherine Neuner, Matrix WWR .285

TEAM MATRIX

NATURAL VENTILATION SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA in an increased WWR.

When adjusting the amount was a change in EUI. Upon

100,000 SF TARGET EUI : 27

EUI would decrease. I think this was an interesting observation. I assumed that an increase in the

the EUI since the building would require more mechanical systems I am interested to learn more on how other factors play a part.

I SHAPE

EUI: 40 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 100020 S.F. (100% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 8 F.F. Height: 12 WWR: 0.841 S:V Ratio: 56:1000 Highest WWR = Worst EUI

EUI: 39 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 100020 S.F. (100% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 8 F.F. Height: 14 WWR: 0.721 S:V Ratio: 53:1000 FTF increased, but WWR decreased

EUI: 39 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 100020 S.F. (100% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 8 F.F. Height: 16.02 WWR: 0.63 S:V Ratio: 103:1000 FTF increased, but WWR decreased

EUI: 36 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 100020 S.F. (100% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 8 F.F. Height: 16.02 WWR: 0.373 S:V Ratio: 51:1000 Ribbon windows introduced

EUI: 35 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 102043 S.F. (102% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 8 F.F. Height: 12 WWR: 0.499 S:V Ratio: :56:1000

EUI: 34 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 102043 S.F. (102% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 8 F.F. Height: 16.02 WWR: 0.373 S:V Ratio: 51:1000 : Courtyard covered, solid roof

would increase. The Floor to

PASSIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES in an increased WWR.

The following schemes are broken down into columns of the same Window to Wall Ratio (WWR) and rows of similar design. With each alteration in metrics, I noticed how the WWR was impacted. When decreasing the Window Head Height, the WWR would also decrease. However, when decreasing the Window Sill Height, the WWR would increase. The Floor to

100,000 sqft Phoenix, AZ Target EU: 27

EUI: 30 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 96942 S.F. (96.9% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 3 F.F. Height: 14 WWR: 0.285 S:V Ratio: 73:1000

EUI: 30 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 96942 S.F. (96.9% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 3 F.F. Height: 14 WWR: 0.357 S:V Ratio: 73:1000

EUI: 31 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 96942 S.F. (96.9% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 3 F.F. Height: 14 WWR: 0.428 S:V Ratio: 73:1000

EUI: 32 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 101880 S.F. (101.8% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 5 F.F. Height: 14 WWR: 0.285 S:V Ratio: 73:1000

EUI: 33 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 101880 S.F. (101.8% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 5 F.F. Height: 14 WWR: 0.357 S:V Ratio: 73:1000

EUI: 34 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 101880 S.F. (101.8% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 5 F.F. Height: 14 WWR: 0.428 S:V Ratio: 73:1000

O SHAPE

SUMMARY

WWR .428

When adjusting the amount was a change in EUI. Upon

EUI would decrease. I think this was an interesting observation. I assumed that an increase in the the EUI since the building would require more mechanical systems I am interested to learn more on how other factors play a part.

in an increased WWR.

U SHAPE

would increase. The Floor to

WWR .357

WWR: 0.204

SCHEMATIC DESIGN PERFORMANCE \\ EUI ANALYSIS EUI: 34 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 102043 S.F. (102% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 8 F.F. Height: 16.02 WWR: 0.373 S:V Ratio: 51:1000 Courtyard covered, glazed

EUI: 34 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 102522 S.F. (102.5% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 8 F.F. Height: 14 WWR: 0.427 S:V Ratio: 49:1000 Embedded glazed atriums

EUI: 24 EUI: kBtu/ft2/yr 32 kBtu/ft2/yr 101250 TotalTotal S.F.:S.F.:99908 (101.2% Target S.F.) (99.9% ofofTarget S.F.) # of Stories: 5 # of F.F. Stories: 4 Height: 14 WWR: 0.285 F.F. Height: 14 S:V 0.392 Ratio: 73:1000 WWR: S:V Ratio: 72:1000 Floor Number Comparison 1: 4 floors

EUI: 24 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 99099 S.F. (99% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 8 F.F. Height: 14 WWR: 0.427 S:V Ratio: 49:1000 Embedded Courtyards

EUI: 34 kBtu/ft2/yr EUI: 33 kBtu/ft2/yr S.F.: 101250 Total S.F.:Total 101334 (101.2% of Target S.F.) (101.3% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 5 # of Stories: 8 14 F.F. Height: WWR: F.F. Height: 140.357 S:V Ratio: 73:1000 WWR: 0.392 S:V Ratio: 62:1000 Floor Number Comparison 2: 8 floors

EUI: 24 kBtu/ft2/yr EUI: 34 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 101250 Total S.F.: 97693 (101.2% of Target S.F.) (97.6% of#Target of Stories:S.F.) 5 # of Stories: F.F. 2 Height: 14 WWR: 0.428 F.F. Height: 14 WWR: 0.392 S:V Ratio: 73:1000 S:V Ratio: 96:1000 Floor Number Comparison 3: 2 floors

When adjusting the amount

PALM SPRINGS, CA 100,000 GROSS SQUARE FEET TARGET EUI: 27

SUMMARY The following schemes are broken down into columns of the same Window to Wall Ratio (WWR) and rows of similar design. With each alteration in metrics, I noticed how the WWR was impacted. When decreasing the Window Head Height, the WWR would also decrease. However, when decreasing the Window Sill Height, the WWR would increase. The Floor to

SOLAR RESPONSE winter solstice 33 degrees

in an increased WWR. adjusting the amount summerWhen solstice 80 degrees was a change in EUI. Upon EUI would decrease. I think this was an interesting observation. I assumed that an increase in the the EUI since the building would require more mechanical systems I am interested to learn more on how other factors play a part.

WWR: 0.400 was a change in EUI. Upon

WWR: 0.307

EUI would decrease. I think this Passive was an interesting observation. I assumed that an increase in the

WWR: 0.204

Solar Direct Gain High Mass

L SHAPE

INDIVIDUAL MATRIX

the EUI since the building would require more mechanical systems

EUI: 35 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 95940 (95.9% of Target S.F.)

EUI: 24 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 99908 (99.9% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 4 F.F. Height: 14 WWR: 0.392 S:V Ratio: 72:1000 Floor Number Comparison 1: 4 floors

I am interested to learn more on how other factors play a part.

EUI: 34 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 101334 (101.3% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 8 F.F. Height: 14 WWR: 0.392 S:V Ratio: 62:1000 Floor Number Comparison 2: 8 floors

EUI: 24 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 97693 (97.6% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 2 F.F. Height: 14 WWR: 0.392 S:V Ratio: 96:1000 Floor Number Comparison 3: 2 floors

STRUCTURAL SYSTEM Sun Shading of Windows

EUI: 34 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 107880 (107.8% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 4 F.F. Height: 14 WWR: 0.392 S:V Ratio: 70:1000 Floor Height Comparison 1: 14 feet

EUI: 34 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 107880 (107.8% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 4 F.F. Height: 20 WWR: 0.275 S:V Ratio: 59:1000 Floor Height Comparison 2: 20 feet

EUI: 34 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 107880 (107.8% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 4 F.F. Height: 12 WWR: 0.458 S:V Ratio: 76:1000 Floor Height Comparison 3: 12 feet

SUMMARY

EUI: 34 # of kBtu/ft2/yr Stories: 10 Height: 14 TotalF.F.S.F.: 107880 WWR: 0.285 (107.8% of Target S.F.) S:V Ratio: 73:1000 # of Stories: 4 F.F. Height: 14 WWR: 0.392 S:V Ratio: 70:1000 Floor Height Comparison 1: 14 feet

EUI: 36 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 95940 (95.9% of Target S.F.)

EUI: 34 kBtu/ft2/yr # of Stories: 10 Height: 14 Total S.F.:F.F.107880 WWR: 0.357 (107.8% of Target S:V Ratio: 73:1000 S.F.) # of Stories: 4 F.F. Height: 20 WWR: 0.275 S:V Ratio: 59:1000 Floor Height Comparison 2: 20 feet

EUI: 38 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 95940 (95.9% of Target S.F.)

EUI: 34 kBtu/ft2/yr # of Stories: 10 F.F. Height: 14 Total S.F.: 107880 WWR: 0.428 (107.8% of S.F.) S:VTarget Ratio: 73:1000 # of Stories: 4 F.F. Height: 12 WWR: 0.458 S:V Ratio: 76:1000 Floor Height Comparison 3: 12 feet

This study measured the impact of WWR ratio and number of stories on EUI. Across all four shapes, a higher WWR ratio is correlated with a higher EUI. This makes sense, since having more windows means that a building would expend more energy on heating and cooling. Changing WWR ratio from .428 to .285 reduced EUI by 1 in the I shape, and 2 in the O, U, and L shape. Surface-to-volume ratio was left constant at 73:1000 across all four shapes and common WWR values were measured to see whether the number of stories had an impact on EUI. At each WWR value, EUI increased as the number of stories

STRUCTURAL GRID\ORGANIZATION

compared using the same number of stories, F.F. Height, WWR, and S:V Ratio. The result was that EUI was the same, implying that the number of stories was the driver of increasing EUI in the other cases. EUI: 24 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 97808 (97.8% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 4 F.F. Height: 14 WWR: 0.25 S:V Ratio: 73:1000 Window Head Height Comparison 1: 6 feet

EUI: 24 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 97808 (97.8% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 4 F.F. Height: 14 WWR: 0.678 S:V Ratio: 73:1000 Window Head Height Comparison 2: 14 feet

EUI: 24 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 97808 (97.8% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 4 F.F. Height: 14 WWR: 1.25 S:V Ratio: 73:1000 Window Head Height Comparison 3: 20 feet

This study examines a U-Shaped structure to determine how number of stories, window to surface area and volume were used in order to isolate these variables. As a moderate climate, San Diego is forgiving regarding changes in EUI, thus floor-to-floor height and WWR made no change to EUI, though rationally a larger number of both of these factors should create a higher EUI. The factor that substantially altered EUI was number of stories, as more stories leads to a larger EUI.

some controlled FTF height, while others maintained similar building massing strategies. This variety gave InternalFFR Heatincreases Gain

EUI: 24 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 97808 (97.8% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 4 F.F. Height: 14 WWR: 0.25 S:V Ratio: 73:1000 Window Head Height Comparison 1: 6 feet

EUI: 24 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 97808 (97.8% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 4 F.F. Height: 14 WWR: 0.678 S:V Ratio: 73:1000 Window Head Height Comparison 2: 14 feet

EUI: 24 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 97808 (97.8% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 4 F.F. Height: 14 WWR: 1.25 S:V Ratio: 73:1000 Window Head Height Comparison 3: 20 feet

Holly Dufek | ARCH 307-05 | Studio White | Winter 2022

EUI, and both she and Holly noticed that an increasing the number of stories increases the EUI. This study examines a U-Shaped structure to determine how number of stories, window to

surface area and volume were used in order to isolate these variables. As a moderate climate, San Diego is forgiving regarding changes in EUI, thus floor-to-floor height and WWR made no change to EUI, though rationally a larger number of both of these factors should create a higher EUI. The factor that substantially altered EUI was number of stories, as more stories leads to a larger EUI.

dramatic changes in WWR or FTF often did very little to reduce the EUI. Surface Area: Volume ratio changes also did not seem to play the decisive role in determining EUI. This underscores how mild San Diego’s climate is: little Holly Dufek | ARCH 307-05 | Studio White | Winter 2022

Natural Ventilation

Institute of Lifelong Learning Logan Heights - San Diego, CA Studio White project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022

ARCH 342 Lab/Project Submissions

PROJECT 1

ANSYS HALL TABLE OF CONTENTS

MATERIAL SELECTION

Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA size: 36,000SF

01. Material Case Studies

completed: 2020 Project Description:

02. Wall Section & Elevation

ANSYS Hall is a newly constructed mixed use building (maker/collab spaces and classrooms). The courtyard is a direct extension of the maker space to showcase student work. The building is LEED Gold certified.

03. CSI Specifications

Via Carnegie Mellon University

Material Application: • assembled on site and installed on an aluminum framework • along on west facade over glazed wall • can be spaced up ro 180cm apart Color: Stone colour Details: • installed horizontally for sunshades Via Carnegie Mellon University

Customization: • custom terra cotta baguettes are available from manufacturer • available in 35 colors and varity of sizes

Nancy Padilla |Project 1| SP 342-05 | White

ANONYMOUS HALL

Verde Residence

Dartmouth University Hanover, New Hampshire completed: 2016

Newcastle, UK

size: 16,265 sqm

Project Description:

completed: 2016 Project Description:

rnegie Mellon University

The design of this building was based on an existing structure. Using a high r-value terracotta rainscreen panels, triple glazing and solar canopies created a buiding with low embodied energy.

Verde Residence is a new housing conplex for students studying at/around the University of Newcastle. The glazed, green terracotta panels and sharp angles define views and reflect changing natural daylight

Material Application: • double skin terracotta rainscreen cladding system • can be installed year round

Details: • high r value rainscreens • R48.3 Terracotta cladding Customization:

Details: • class A fire rating • low maintence

Nancy Padilla |Project 1| SP 342-05 | White

Institute of Lifelong Learning Logan Heights - San Diego, CA Studio White project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022

Material Application: • attached with alumimun rail and connector joint • installed horizontally as cladding Color:

Color: green with smooth finish

Customization: • sizes can be custom ordered; max sizes 2’-0” tall, 6’-0” wide

Nancy Padilla |Project 1| SP 342-05 | White

CSI SPECS: Terracotta Rainscreen Panels

CONSTRAINTS

Other Manufacturers: • TERRART -NBK • EcoCladding • TerraClad

8”

60”

Associated Materials: The associated materials shown in the specifications were Cast-in-place structural concrete and Concrete Unit Masonry. From what I have been researching either one of these elements are required in order to properly mount the terracotta screens onto the exterior.

12”

60”

18”

60”

Choices / Modifications: • Choosing which system to act as backing for the cladding, Concrete or Masonry wall would be most appropriate for this material. • Addressing the changes needed to be made to the panels in areas that have windows / doorways • LEED section was a little confusing, detailed specifications needed to be classified as LEED certified • Design load of positive and negative pressure

colors/finishes

24”

60”

Nancy Padilla |Project 1| SP 342-05 | White

* Using NBK specification sheet, Terreal did not provide proper

SECTION 07 4229 – TERRACOTTA CLAY TILE IN PRECAST

PART 1 GENERAL 1.1

1.2

Terracotta Precast Facade Assembly consisting of single-leaf, through body color terracotta clay tiles.

Engineering design and performance requirements for terracotta precast assemblies.

1.4

a. Distinguish among factory, shop, and field assembled work.

Nancy Padilla |Project 1| SP 342-05 | White

3. Indicate terracotta precast assembly dimensions, including joints and allowable tolerances. 4. Include details of each vertical and horizontal intersection of each terracotta precast assembly with other systems and materials, showing the following:

Section 04 2200 - Concrete Unit Masonry: Single-width CMU.

ASTM C67 - Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile; 2013a.

b. Expansion provisions and maximum allowable movement.

ASTM C484 - Standard Test Method for Thermal Shock Resistance of Glazed Ceramic Tile; 1999(2009). Applicable for glazed tiles only

d. Terracotta clay tile cladding.

ASTM C 126 Standard Specification for Ceramic Glazed Structural Clay Facing Tile, Facing Brick and Solid Masonry Units. Applicable for glazed tiles only

Installer Qualifications: Engage an experienced contractor (erector) to install the terracotta precast who has experience specializing in the installation of precast.

2. Successful contractor must obtain all components of terracotta from a single manufacturer. Any secondary products that are required which cannot be supplied by the specified manufacturer must be recommended by primary manufacturer.

Delegated-Design Submittal: For terracotta precast assembly indicated to comply with performance requirements and design criteria, including analysis data signed and sealed by a qualified professional engineer responsible for their preparation.

3. Fabricator/Installer shall submit work experience and evidence of adequate financial responsibility. Architect reserves the right to inspect fabrication facilities in determining qualifications.

3. Coordinate window, door and louver, and other openings and penetrations of terracotta precast assembly.

1. Samples for Initial Selection: For each type of terracotta tile indicated. a. Provide samples of tiles, trim, and accessories for the purpose of color selection.

4. Coordinate terracotta precast assembly with rain drainage work, flashing, trim, and construction of other adjoining work to provide a leak proof, and secure installation.

2. Samples for Verification: For each type of component indicted provide three samples. 3. Samples for color development: For each custom color indicated.

a. Terracotta Clay Tiles: 4 x 8 inches minimum of a standard color.

1.6

07 4229 - 1

1.9

INFORMATIONAL SUBMITTALS A.

Coordination Drawings: Submit coordination drawings on which the following items are shown and coordinated with the terracotta tiles and precast system, drawn to scale, using input from installers of the items involved:

TERRACOTTA CLAY TILE PRECAST ASSEMBLY

07 4229 - 2

Professional Engineer Qualifications: Licensed structural engineer in the state where the project is located and experienced in design of complete terracotta precast assembly of the types specified in this section with minimum five (5) years’ experience and minimum three (3) completed projects of similar scale and scope as this Project within the past five (5) years.

MOCK-UP A.

Mockup: Build mockup in size and location directed by Architect. Show details of terracotta precast assembly. Demonstrate methods and details of installation. Show details of horizontal and vertical joints, penetrations, doors, windows, louvers, pipe openings, inside and outside corners, top and bottom of wall.

Approval of mockup does not relieve Contractor of responsibility to comply with all requirements of contract documents.

Approved mock-up may remain as part of the completed Work.

a. provide three laboratory samples in a size of 3”x3@

6. Coordinate shop drawings, construction and installation such that manufacturing can proceed without impact to the general schedule and not be contingent upon field dimensions.

Product Data: For each terracotta precast assembly component indicated, include construction details, material descriptions, dimensions of individual components and profiles, and finishes.

Samples:

5. Coordinate construction of mock-up, sequence of construction, coordination with substrate preparation, materials approved for use, compatibility of materials, coordination with installation of adjacent and covering materials, and details of construction.

ACTION SUBMITTALS

1. Contractor must be approved by manufacturer specified as supplier of the terracotta precast and obtain written certification from manufacturer that installer is approved for installation of the specified system.

1. Provide calculations for loadings and stresses of framing, fastening and attachments.

2. Coordinate building framing in relation to terracotta precast assembly.

Institute of Lifelong Learning Logan Heights - San Diego, CA Studio White project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022

Manufacturer’s Qualifications: Terracotta clay tile manufacturers who have been in business for a minimum of ten (10) years and are experienced in the design and manufacturing of terracotta precast assemblies. A reference of a minimum of ten (10) successful executed terracotta tiles in precast elements is required.

Professional Engineer’s Analysis: Submit complete structural analysis and calculations performed by a Professional Engineer licensed in the State of the Project location.

Pre-installation Meeting: Convene one week before starting work of this section.

TERRACOTTA CLAY TILE PRECAST ASSEMBLY

Material Source Limitations: Obtain terracotta clay tiles and related accessories from a single source manufacturer.

e. Flashing and drainage.

ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS

1. Conduct pre-installation meeting at site attended by Owner, Architect, Manufacturer's Technical Representative, and other trade contractors.

1.5

Building movement, deflection, and creep provisions and maximum allowable movement.

Maintenance Data: For terracotta precast assembly to include in maintenance manuals.

QUALITY ASSURANCE

a. Anchorage to building structure.

Warranties: Provide unexecuted specimen warranty documents for each warranty as required in specification article 1.13.

CLOSEOUT SUBMITTALS A.

3. Indicate adjacent structure locations by actual field dimensions.

Section 03 3000 - Cast-In-Place Concrete: Structural concrete.

REFERENCE STANDARDS

1.7

1.8

b. Identify special shapes required and indicate their locations on the building.

Design Test Reports: Submit copies of test reports performed in accordance to part 1.3 of this section and supporting the requirements of part 2.4 of this section. 1. Test reports shall be performed by independent, accredited testing laboratories, and shall bear the seal of a registered professional engineer.

Shop Drawings: Submit drawings for a complete terracotta precast assembly 1. Include plans, elevations, sections, and attachment details. Show and include adjacent Work and interface between terracotta precast assembly and adjacent Work including termination and transitions of weather barrier, exterior glazed aluminum curtain walls, and flashings required. Include all adjacent Work by others.

RELATED REQUIREMENTS

B. 1.3

Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions and Division 01 Specification Sections, apply to this Section.

1. Wall-mounted items including doors, glazed assemblies, louvers and lighting fixtures. 2. Penetrations of assembly by pipes and utilities. B.

2. Product Data for Credit MR 5: For products clay products that have been extracted, harvested or recovered, as well an manufactured within 500 miles of the project site for a minimum of 10% or 20%, based on cost.

SECTION INCLUDES A.

LEED Submittals: 1. Product Data for Credit MR 4.1 and Credit MR 4.2: For clay products having recycled content, documentation indicating percentages by weight of postconsumer and preconsumer recycled content. Include statement indicating cost for each product having recycled content.

SPECIFICTION FOR TERRART – SOLID

TERRACOTTA CLAY TILE PRECAST ASSEMBLY

07 4229 - 3

1.10 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING A.

Deliver components, terracotta tiles, and other manufactured items so as not to be damaged or deformed. Package terracotta tiles for protection during transportation and handling.

Unload, store, and erect aluminum framing system and terracotta tiles in a manner to prevent bending, warping, twisting, and surface damage.

Stack terracotta tiles on platforms or pallets, covered with suitable weather-tight and ventilated covering. Store tiles to ensure dryness and with positive slope for drainage of water. Do not store tiles in contact with other materials that might cause staining, cracking, or other surface damage.

1. Base Wall System – Structural Steel or Cast-In- Place Concrete (provided by others). Building components must be designed to accommodate imposed loads, so their deflection under imposed loading will not cause deflection of precast assembly exceeding specified tolerances.

Weather Limitations: Proceed with installation only when existing and forecasted weather conditions permit work to be performed according to manufacturer's written instructions and warranty requirements.

Maintain environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, and ventilation) within limits recommended by manufacturer for optimum results. Do not install products under environmental conditions outside manufacturer’s absolute limits.

2.2

Delegated Design: Engage a qualified professional engineer licensed in the state where the project is located to provide complete structural analysis and calculations.

General Performance: Terracotta precast assemblies shall comply with performance requirements without failure due to defective manufacture, fabrication, installation, or other defects in construction.

Warranties shall commence on date of substantial completion.

Design Criteria.

TERRART-SOLID: Single -leaf with dove tail – back-side, extruded through body color terracotta clay tile elements with horizontal ship lap joints. 1. Length: [Insert required length] The length of the element can be adjusted to a maximum of 5’-0” (1524 mm). 2. Height: [Insert required height] The height of the element can be adjusted to a maximum of 2’-0” (600 mm).

2. At 1.5 times design pressure loads, there shall be no failure or gross permanent distortion of framing members, anchors, or connections. At connection points of framing members to anchors, combined movement of anchor relative to the building, and framing member relative to anchor shall not exceed 0.125 inch set after load is removed.

3. Thickness: 13/16”, 1”, 1 3/16” (20mm, 25mm, 30mm), approximately. 4. Weight: approximately 9-13.5 lb./sq.ft. 5. Profile(s): Provide the following profiles as indicated on the drawings: a. [Insert selected profile(s)].

Movement.

6. Color(s): Provide the following colors as indicated on the drawings:

1. Design, fabricate, and install system to withstand building, seismic, and thermal movements including deflections, temperature change without buckling, distortion, joint failure, or undue stress on system components, anchors, or permanent deformation of any kind. a. Provide for a thermal movement over and ambient temperature range of 120 degrees F, and a surface temperature of 180 degrees F.

1.14 ATTIC STOCK A.

TERRACOTTA CLAY TILE ELEMENTS

1. The system shall have a design load of positive and negative pressure to meet local building codes.

Manufacturer’s Warranty: Provide manufacturer’s standard material warranty in which the manufacturer warrants that the precast and terracotta clay tiles shall be free from defects for a period of (5) five years due to faulty workmanship.

d. Manufacturer shall provide a reference list of at least 6 projects located in the USA, including names, addresses, and phone numbers where tiles have been used. 2.4

Noise or vibration created by wind and thermal and structural movements.

d. Loosening or weakening of, anchor attachments, and other components. C.

Submittals must provide proof of manufacture and successful performance of terracotta precast of similar size and complexity.

e. No substitutions will be permitted after the bid date of this project.

b. Terracotta tile element breakage.

Field Measurements: Verify locations of structural members and wall opening dimensions before terracotta precast installation.

Installer’s Warranty: Installer's 3 year warranty covering precast assembly installation.

Submittals must include full size tiles in color and shape of each profile shown in architectural drawings. c.

a. Thermal stresses transferring to building structure.

Weather Limitations: Proceed with installation only when existing and forecasted weather conditions permit installation to be performed according to manufacturer's written instructions and warranty requirements.

a. Manufacturers not listed above must submit for approval ten (10) days prior to bid date. b. Submittals must show evidence of compliance with this specification and the drawings.

2. Failures include the following:

1.13 WARRANTY A.

a. Local Representative: [Add local representative name and contact information] 2. Alternate manufacturers are subject to full compliance with specification requirements, and shall be submitted for approval as follows.

1. Terracotta precast assemblies shall withstand movements of supporting structure including, but not limited to, story drift, twist, column shortening, long-term creep, and deflection from uniformly distributed and concentrated live loads.

Basis-of-Design Product: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide the following: 1. NBK TERRART-SOLID Tile as manufactured by NBK, represented by NBK North America: www.nbkusa.com.

DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS A.

1.12 FIELD CONDITIONS A.

MANUFACTURERS A.

2. Terracotta Clay Tile Elements: Single -leaf, solid dove tail backside, through body color terracotta clay tile elements, with ship lap joint system.

1.11 PROJECT CONDITIONS A.

2.3

a. Color: 7. Orientation: [Vertical or Horizontal] B.

Finishes: 1. Provide tiles in natural finish manufactured from high quality clays to prevent the formation of pores (more than 1.0 mm in diameter) in the clay body for preventing problems in connection with freeze and thaw.

Manufacturer to provide minimum 1% attic stock material of each type in projects maximum length.

2. Finish:

Manufacturer to provide minimum 1% extra material for installation process.

Terracotta Clay Tile Tolerances: 1. Width: Deviation of the tile length from nominal dimensions (cuts) shall not exceed +/- 1.0 mm.

PART 2 PRODUCTS 2.1

2. Height: Deviation of the tile height up to 200mm shall not exceed 2.0mm, 400 mm shall not exceed +/- 2.5 mm, and up to 600 mm +/- 3.0 mm.

ASSEMBLY DESCRIPTION A.

3. Thickness: Deviation of tile thickness shall not exceed +/- 1.5 mm. 4. Diagonal Flatness: Deviation of the tile flatness shall not exceed 0.25% of diagonal measurement.

Terracotta Precast Assembly - Completely integrated exterior wall assembly comprising of:

TERRACOTTA CLAY TILE PRECAST ASSEMBLY

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TERRACOTTA CLAY TILE PRECAST ASSEMBLY

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5. Straightness: Deviation shall not exceed 0.25% of total module size.

TERRACOTTA CLAY TILE PRECAST ASSEMBLY

3.2

Terracotta Clay Tile Testing:

Install terracotta precast panels in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions and approved shop drawings, within specified erection tolerances.

1. Water Absorption: Test according to ASTM C 67 using 24-hour submersion and 5 hours boiling (separate sets of specimens, minimum 5 specimens each).

Establish level lines for tile coursing.

Coordinate flashing and sheet metal work to provide weather tight conditions at wall terminations.

Provide for temperature expansion/contraction movement of terracotta clay tile elements at wall penetrations and wall mounted equipment in accordance with system manufacturer's product data and design calculations.

Install components so that in their final location and position they are not twisted, out of plane, or exceed manufacturer’s specified tolerances. . Provide manufactures standard procedure as part of the submittal package.

Remove damaged work and replace with new, undamaged components.

b. Absorption by boiling shall not exceed: 7 percent average, 8 percent individual specimen. 2. Freezing and Thawing: Test according to ASTM C 67 (minimum 5 specimens). No specimen shall lose more than 0.5 percent of its original dry weight. No specimen shall crack, crumble or fracture. Specimens shall conform to approved color range samples before and after testing. 3. Breaking Load: Test according to ASTM C 67 (minimum 5 specimens). Supports shall be actual hardware used for this project. Apply load at mid-point between supports. Report shall include breaking load, calculated section modulus at mid-span and calculated breaking stress. Modulus of Rupture in average shall not be lower than 2500lb/in². [Minimum 5 specimens]

3.3

3.4

TERRACOTTA PRECAST SYSTEM / FABRICATION A.

General: Terracotta clay tiles and precast concrete panels. 1. System designed to accommodate thermal movement. 2. System designed for terracotta clay tile elements to be placed face down into precast formwork with dovetail face up. Teflon or plastic spacer bars to be placed between tiles to maintain tile joint alignment. Tape horizontal joints back-side and add sealant between tile edges and formwork to prevent concrete from spilling over onto the tile face. Add reinforcing steel and anchors as required and pour concrete into formwork. Leave in form until cured and remove by standards as outlined in precast industry. After cure and release from formwork, remove any excess cement or slurry from terracotta face via a light acid wash. Watering terracotta before and after acid wash with plentiful of clean water.

PART 3 EXECUTION 3.1

EXAMINATION A.

Examine substrates, areas, and conditions, with Installer present, for compliance with requirements for installation tolerances, and other conditions affecting performance of work.

ERECTION TOLERANCES A.

4. Thermal Shock Resistance: Test according to ASTM C 484 for glazed tiles. [Minimum of 5 specimens] Specimens shall pass two cycles. Applicable only for glazed tiles. 5. Efflorescence: Test according to ASTM C 67. [Minimum 10 specimens] Specimens to be rated “Not Effervesced”. 2.5

INSTALLATION

Provide material test report to demonstrate performance of clay products.

a. Absorption by submersion shall not exceed 5 percent average, 6 percent individual specimen.

3.5

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Installation Tolerances: Align terracotta precast panels within installed tolerance of 1/4 inch in 20 feet (6 mm in 6 m) at location lines as indicated and within 1/8-inch (3-mm) offset of adjoining faces and of alignment of matching profiles.

FIELD QUALITY CONTROL A.

Manufacturer's Field Service: Engage a manufacturer-authorized service representative to inspect terracotta precast panel installation. Report results in writing.

Remove and replace clay tiles where inspections indicate that they do not comply with specified requirements.

Additional inspections, at Contractor's expense, will be performed to determine compliance of replaced or additional work with specified requirements.

CLEANING A.

On completion of terracotta clay precast panel installation, clean finished surfaces as recommended by manufacturer. Maintain in a clean condition during construction.

Protect components and terracotta clay tile elements from damage for the duration of construction.

Replace any components that have been damaged. END OF SECTION

1. Examine wall framing to verify that structural support members and anchorage have been installed within alignment tolerances as specified. 2. Examine rough-ins for components and systems penetrating terracotta clay tiles to verify actual locations of penetrations relative to seam locations of tiles before installation. B.

Prepare written report, endorsed by Installer, listing conditions detrimental to performance of the Work.

Proceed with installation only after unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected.

TERRACOTTA CLAY TILE PRECAST ASSEMBLY

Institute of Lifelong Learning Logan Heights - San Diego, CA Studio White project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022

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TERRACOTTA CLAY TILE PRECAST ASSEMBLY

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Lab 1 - Outline Integrated Wall Focus Area

Level 9 109' - 0"

Level 8 105' - 0"

Level 7 90' - 0"

CURTAIN WALL SYSTEM

Level 6 75' - 0"

STRUCTURAL SYSTEM - STEEL WIDE FLANGE BEAMS CONCRETE ENCASED STEEL COLUMNS

Level 5 60' - 0"

VERTICAL LOUVRES

HVAC - VENTS + CEILING HVAC CAVITY

Level 4 45' - 0"

Level 3 30' - 0"

Level 2 15' - 0"

Level 1 0' - 0"

Institute of Lifelong Learning Logan Heights - San Diego, CA Studio White project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022

lab1 1/2" = 1'-0"

Lab 2 - Integrated Wall Focus Area

Fixing Screws

End Plates Vertical Profile

Interior Finish Infill WRB Insulation Aluminum Stabliizing Tubes Mounting Screws

Girt system Exterior Finish

Level 8

Top of Floor - Steel Deck concrete Fill

Shading Structure -

105' - 0"

Vertical Louvers

Concrete Encased Steel Column

Wall Section - Louver - Callout 1/2" = 1'-0"

Level 7 90' - 0"

Level 6 75' - 0"

2 S8

Level 5 60' - 0"

Structural System -

Level 4

Steel beams and girders concerete encased steel columns

45' - 0"

HVAC Cavity + Air Terminal

Louver connection

Level 3 Shading Structure :

30' - 0"

Vertical Louvers

Level 2 15' - 0"

Level 1

0' - 0"

Wall Section - Louvers 1/8" = 1'-0"

A 1 S8

Level 1

HVAC Cavity Structural System - Steel Beams, Girders (beyond) 2’ x 4’ ACT Compound System Floorplate - Concrete on metal deck

Shading System : Vertical Louvers Structural System : Concrete Encased Steel Column

Nancy Padilla | Lab 2 | Arch 342-10 | Spring 22|

Institute of Lifelong Learning Logan Heights - San Diego, CA Studio White project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022

Lab 3 - Electric Lighting

LAB 3 - Electric Lighting Design Footcandle Targets Average maintained footcandle : 30 (conference rom) Intended Task: Meetings, study sessions Age Range of User: mid20s+

Luminaires Manufacturers M9N 2x2 | Direct | Recessed

Pe3rless troffer | 2 fixture 10’ x 15’qoth 2 LED Lumonaires 37.7 Watts/150sqft = .251 watts/sqft Recessed into ceiling

Nancy Padilla | Arch342 | Lab 3

LAB 3 - Electric Lighting Design Footcandle Targets Average maintained footcandle : 30 (confverence rom) Intended Task: Meetings, study sessions Age Range of User: mid20s+

Luminaires Manufacturers Lithonia Lighting

Avante Suspended Luminaire AV SM FS4TF/HO | Semi-Direct

Suspended Lighting | Cicular | 3fixture 10’ x 15’ 3 LED Lumonaires 68.6 Watts/150sqft = .451 watts/sqft Suspended 2’ from ceiling

Nancy Padilla | Arch342 | Lab 3

LAB 3 - Electric Lighting Design

Allowed Power Density : 0.85

Footcandle Targets Average maintained footcandle : 30 (confverence rom) Intended Task: Meetings, study sessions Age Range of User: mid20s+

Luminaires Manufacturers Luminaire LED AOV13 Surface Light AOV13| 15W | 40K CLP | Direct

surface mounted LED | 9 fixture 10’ x 15’ 9 LED Lumonaires 13.5 Watts/150sqft = .09 watts/sqft

Institute of Lifelong Learning Logan Heights - San Diego, CA Studio White project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022

Nancy Padilla | Arch342 | Lab 3

LAB 3 - Electric Lighting Design

summer solstice 80° winter solstice 33°

Level 2 15' - 0"

Level 1

0' - 0"

wallsection-curtainwall 1/8" = 1'-0"

Institute of Lifelong Learning Logan Heights - San Diego, CA Studio White project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022

Nancy Padilla | Arch342 | Lab 3

Project 2

Level 9 120' - 0"

NOR THW EST PREV AILIN GW INDS

Level 8 105' - 0"

Level 7 90' - 0"

summer solstice 80°

SHADING DEVICE winter solstice 33° Level 6 75' - 0"

1/2" TILED FLOOR 5" LW CONCRETE ON 3" METAL DECK Level 5 60' - 0"

W24x55 STEEL GIRDER W21x44 STEEL BEAM W14x211 CONCRETE ENCASED STEEL COLUMN

Level 4 45' - 0"

SUSPENDED CEILING RECESSEDLAMP - LED Level 3 30' - 0"

2 S8

Level 2 15' - 0"

Level 1 0’ - 0"

12" CONCRETE SLAB FOUNDATION PILE CAP PILES

SCALE: 1/2” = 1’-0”

D UP

FIXING SCREWS CAMPUS MARKET

END PLATES VERTICAL PROFILE

ALUMINUM STABILIZING TUBES MOUNTING SCREWS

NORTHWEST

CAREER SERVICES CENTER

VERTICAL LOUVERS

CONFERENCE ROOMS

PRESENTATION GALLERY

wallsection-curtainwall - Callout

1/2" = 1'-0"

CAFE

Institute of Lifelong Learning Logan Heights - San Diego, CA Studio White project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022

SOUTHWEST

Level 1 1/8” = 1’-0”

NANCY PADILLA | ARCH 352 | PROJECT 2 | SPRING 22

3D AXON

SUSPENDED CEILING 14x211 CONCRETE ENCASED STEEL COLUMN 21x44 BEAM 24x55 GIRDER 1/2" TILE FLOOR 5" LW CONCRETE ON 3" METAL DECK

12" CONCRETE FLOOR SLAB PILES COLORFUL LOUVERS - SUNSHADING

Scope of Work

Institute of Lifelong Learning Logan Heights - San Diego, CA Studio White project by Nancy Padilla & Noelani Maylad Winter / Spring 2022

NANCY PADILLA | ARCH 352 | PROJECT 2 | SPRING 22