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Simple Present tense (VERB BE)
The Euro is the of ficial currency of the European Union. The Dollar isn’t the of ficial currency of the EU. Is the Euro the of ficial currency of the EU? Which is the of ficial currency of the EU?
Facts, habits, routines hings that are true in gener
Simple present tense The digital generation includes today’s teenagers. The digital generation doesn’t include today’s teenagers. Does the digital generation include today’s teenagers? Which people does the digital generation include?
Facts, habits, routines hings that are true in gener
Simple Past Germany won the World Cup Final. Brazil didn’t win the World Cup Final. Did Argentina win the World Cup Final ? Who surely liked Shakira’s per formance at the World Cup Closing Ceremony?
EVENTS THAT BEGAN AND ENDED IN THE PAST
FUTURE WITH WILL Computers will per form many of our tasks in the future. Computers won’t be able to stop global warming and pollution. Will the Internet substitute other ways of communication in the future? Where will the next World Cup take place?
SE WILL TO EXPRESS PREDICTION
Future with be going to
I am going to spend a month in Europe. Sheila is not going to finish her career. Is Margo going to get married next year? Why is he going to quit his job?
USE« BE GOING TO» TO EXPRESS PRIOR PLANS
Present Progressive The temperatures in the poles are changing drastically. Christian isn’t studying at Mesoamericana University anymore. Is Joseph still dating Mar y? Why is Argentina feeling so sad?
ACTIONS OCCURING NOW OR FOR A TEMPORARY SITUATIO
Past Progressive
Tom was sleeping when I lef t. I wasn’t paying attention when the teacher explained the assignment. Were you sleeping when the ear thquake began? Who were you talking to last night?
omething was in progress a a par ticular time in the past
FUTURE PROGRESSIVE At this time tomorrow, I’ll be swimming in the ocean. At this time tomorrow, I’m going to be swimming. Will they be taking the test while we are eating? Are they going to be taking the test while we are eating?
USE FUTURE PROGRESSIVE FOR ONTINIUOUS ACTIONS IN THE FUTURE
PRESENT Perfect
Germany has won the World Cup 4 times. Guatemala hasn’t been a World Cup team ever. Has Brazil won any World Cup? How many times has Brazil been a World Cup Champion?
AN INDEFINITE TIME IN THE PAST
PRESENT PERFECT The United States has launched many astronauts into space since 1969. Richard hasn’t seen his ex-girlfriend in a long time . Have you had any serious illness lately? Who have you spoken to lately?
EVENTS THAT BEGAN IN THE PAST AND CONTINUE INTO THE PRESENT
Past perfect Tom said that Sam had lef t before Ann got there. Ann said that Sam hadn’t noticed anything dif ferent in her apar tment. Had she heard a noise before the thief broke in?
EXPRESSES AN ACTIVIT Y THAT WAS COMPLETE BEFORE ANOTHER ACTIVIT Y IN THE PAST
Future perfect Clara will already have finished her homework by the time her mom gets home. By the time you come back, I will have gone away.
EXPRESSES AN ACTIVIT Y THAT WILL BE COMPLETED BEFORE ANOTHER TIME OR EVENT IN THE FUTURE
Present perfect progressive PPP
Sara has been studying in College since 2013. You have not been taking your medication for two days. Have you been doing that all by yourself? How long have you been felling sick?
USE THE PPP TO SAY HOW LONG OMETHING HAS BEEN HAPPENING
Past perfect progressive Sindy had been sitting there all alone for 1 hour before Pablo showed up at the Restaurant. Carla hadn’t been attending class for over 2 weeks when her mom found out about it. How long had Karla been taking drugs when she fainted?
USE IT TO EMPHASIZE THE DURATION OF AN ACTIVIT Y THAT WAS IN PROGRESS EFORE ANOTHER ACTIVIT Y OR TIME IN THE PAS
Future perfect progressive By the time this class ends you will have been sitting here for 45 minutes. How long will you have been dating Mark when you finally decide to marr y him?
USE THE FPP TO EMPHASIZE THE DURATION OF AN ACTIVIT Y THAT WILL BE IN PROGRESS BEFORE ANOTHER EVENT IN THE FUTURE.