Rich Bum Online Mag. by Naomi Jacqueline

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The Montreal Museum of Fine Arts Inside the world of Impressionism From Monet to Boldini, all the way to Renoir.

DOUBLE-SPECIAL SPREAD Romanticism ipsum dolor “Feeling is all!”

3 Realism

The art of depiction of daily life

Table of Contents

Taken inside the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts.

Volume 6 Number 3 Cover: Sketch of a ballerina by Edgar Degas

Romanticism: itʼs about rawness and emotions……………………………………. p.3 th Living in the 18 Century Romanticism in literature. (& Add painting chacterics) Artist Profile: Francisco de Goya The Third of May Realism: Painting the truth, painting the reality as it is……………………………p.10 The fight against Romanticism Realism in art Artist Profile: Gustave Courbet Portrait of Jo, the Beautiful Irish Girl.

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Taken inside the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts.

The Montreal Museum of Fine Arts - Once upon a time… Impressionism……..p.16 Rich Bum Magazineʼs favorite two: Degasʼ The Dancing Class Fantin-Latourʼs Roses in a Bowl The impressionism movement………………………………………………………….p.20 Luncheon of the Boating Part 1 by Renoir 3

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Romanticism

Liberty Leading the People (1830), Eugene Delacroix

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Ask anyone on the street: "what is

ways of confronting experience. The

Romanticism?" and you will certainly

Romantic era can be considered as

receive some kind of reply.

indicative of an age of crisis. Even

Everyone claims to know the

before the French Revolution of

meaning of the word romantic. The

1789, it was believed that the ancien

word conveys notions of sentiment

regime seemed ready to collapse.

and sentimentality, a visionary or

Once the French Revolution entered

idealistic lack of reality. It connotes

its radical phase in August 1792 the

fantasy and fiction

fear of political disaster also spread. King killing, Robespierre, the Reign

Historical Context

of Terror, and the Napoleonic armies all signaled chaos -- a chaos

Romanticism appeared in conflict with the Lumieres (Enlightenment). Some could go as far as to say that

which would dominate European political and cultural life for the next quarter of a century.

Romanticism reflected a crisis in Enlightenment. In fact, Romanticism

Romantic themes

is rejecting the Neo-Classic movement considered too severe

Literature was the first branch of art

and strong.

to be influenced by the movement that is Romanticism, although the concepts remain the same in all the

Romanticism was the new thought,

art forms.

the critical idea and the creative effort necessary to cope with the old Â

The Romantics emphasized the

trusted their emotions and feelings

importance of nature and the primal

to create poetry.

feelings of awe, apprehension and horror felt by man on approaching the sublimeness of it.

Romantics also developed the love for the exotic. Hence, far off and mysterious locations were depicted

Unlike the age of Enlightenment,

in many of the artistic works from

which focused on rationality and

that period. Exoticism is also one of

intellect, Romanticism placed

the most prominent characteristics

human emotions, feelings, instinct

in art, along with sentimentality and

and intuition. The Romantic writers

spirituality.

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Artist Profile: Francisco de Goya Born in 1828 in Fuendetos, Spain, Goya was a consummately artist whose multifarious paintings, drawings, and engravings reflected contemporary historical upheavals and influenced important 19th- and 20thcentury painters.   Like Velazquez, Goya was a Spanish court painter whose best work was done apart from his official duties. He is known for his scenes of violence, especially those prompted by the French invasion of Spain. The series of etchings Los desastres de la guerra ("The Disasters of War", 1810-14) records the horrors of the Napoleonic invasion. His masterpieces in painting include The Naked Maja and The Clothed Maja (c. 1800-05). He also painted charming portraits such as Senora Sabasa Garcia.

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Saturn Devouring His Son (1819 – 1823).

The Bewitched Man (1797 – 1798)

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Title: Tres de Mayo Artist: Francisco de Goya (DOB: 30 March 1746 in Fuendetodos, Aragon, Spain. DOD: 16 April 1828 in Bordeaux, France) Year: 1814. Material: Canvas Size: 266 x 345 cm (104.5 x 135.7 inches). Location: Prado Museum Madrid, Spain. Technique: Oil.

This painting shows the random executions of Spanish citizen as a result from the fighting in the Puerto del Sol area of Madrid. A national uprising in Spain followed, and scenes such as Goyaʼs Tres de Mayo (Third of May) were repeated throughout the Spanish countryside, as the French commanders failed to quell the national mood, and instead made it more furious. Goya panted a very tragic and dark scene. There are a lot of characters in the painting however, they are all at the same spot. There is scene is both still and dynamic. In fact, the soldiers seem to be immobile whereas the Spanish citizens are panicking. If this were to be a movie, only the citizens that havenʼt been shot yet would be moving. The point of focus is the man in the white shirt with fear written all over his face. The light is also straight on him. Shades of yellows, beiges and dark brown constitute the majority of the color composition of the painting. The only vibrant colors are the yellow and white of the manʼs outfit and the blood on the ground. These three (3) colors are also the colors found on the Spanish flag. This painting would be an allegory to what is happening to the country back then. 9

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Realism

The Song of the Lark (1884), Jules Breton.

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The words realism, realistic and reality are in commonly used in todayʼs vocabulary, but very delicate; they can indeed define several degrees of reference to reality. They often simply imply the scrupulous observations made by the artist. The term “realism” is more readily used when the artist stays faithful to what he sees.

Historical Context The historical movement of realism covers everything from 1820 and reacts to Neo-classicism and Romanticism by a return to the study of nature and everyday topics. In a broad sense, it could include nature studies, landscapes painting, outdoor scenery. Realism emerged in France in the wake of the 1848 Revolution and lasted until 1880. Although several attempts at infusing realism into art had been made throughout art history, the actual wave of realism art swept the art world after Gustave Courbet's independent exhibition in 1855 of his shockingly truthful realism paintings to a scandalized 11

public who, until then, had only been exposed to original art steeped in the sublime aesthetics of Romanticism or the classical ideal of the Old Masters.

Gustave Courbet; canon of the Realist movement This movement founds the raison d'etre in what Gustave Courbet himself called the representation of real and existing things. In realism paintings, ordinary, familiar and unadorned figures and objects become worthy subjects. Often implying a moral or social message, realism paintings present a straightforward depiction of the grim lives of the common folk. But not all realism paintings are intentionally imbued with social consciousness or political subversion; there are also realist paintings that capture every day scenes of contemporary life that the audience may find sweetly sentimental or innocuously spontaneous.

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Artist Profile: Gustave Courbet

Born in 1819 in France, Courbet went against mid-nineteenth century Romanticism and led the Realism movement towards the beauty of everyday life. Courbet had significant support from his father to become a painter, inspiring him to lead a new movement of painting focusing on rural activities, as seen in The Stone-Breakers and Burial at Ornan.

Saturn Devouring His Son (1819 – 1823).

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Les Demoiselles des bords de la Seine (1856)

The Cliffs at Etretat (1869)

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Title: Portrait of Jo, the Beautiful Irish Girl. Artist: Jean Desire Gustave Courbet (DOB: 10 June 1819 in Ornans, Doubs, France. DOD: 31 December 1877 in La Tour-de-Peilz, Switzerland) Year: 1865 Material: Canvas Size: 54 x 65 cm (21.3 x 25.6 inches). Location: Nationalmuseum, Stockholm, Sweden. Technique: Oil. During his three-month stay in Trouville in 1865, Courbet attracted a following as a portraitist among the society women at this fashionable resort on the Normandy coast. He possibly encountered Joanna Hiffernan (born 1842/43), a "beautiful Irishwoman," through his acquaintance with fellow artist James McNeill Whistler, who was also working in Trouville in 1865. This image of Jo, Whistler's mistress and model, although dated 1866, was likely painted in 1865, when Courbet wrote of "the beauty of a superb redhead whose portrait I have begun." He would paint three repetitions with minor variations. The painting is quite simple. It is a portrait therefore the main focus of the work is the Irish girl. The background is farely dark creating a contrast with the ladyʼs orange hair and light complexion. Her movements seem as if sheʼs taking her time. Sheʼs playing with her hair while looking at herself in the mirror. This is a grooming scene rather calm and serene. Her movements are very gracious. The light is very natural and the shapes are very organic as well (curls in her hair). Courbet depicted the graciousness of the Irish girl.

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The Montreal Museum of Fine Arts Once Upon a Time… Impressionism

Nathalie Bondil, Director and Chief Curator of the MMFA and curator of this exhibition in Montreal, is delighted that “For the first and only time, one of the finest collections of Impressionist works in North America will be displayed in a Canadian exclusive at the Museum. Montreal will be the sole Canadian venue for this historic tour, which will travel from Europe to Asia during expansion work at the prestigious Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute in Williamstown, Massachusetts. Chosen for their exceptional quality, seventy-four paintings by Bonnard, Corot, Degas, Gauguin, Manet, Millet, Monet, Morisot, Pissarro, Sisley and ToulouseLautrec, including a selection of twenty-one outstanding canvases by Renoir, and the Degas sculpture Little Dancer Aged Fourteen (on view exclusively in Montreal) will be shown at the MMFA. The inclusion of academic works by Bouguereau, Gérôme and Stevens, among others, will enable visitors to see how the new ʻmodernismʼ challenged official painting.”

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Visitors will be able to admire Monetʼs landscapes, from The Cliffs at Étretat to the Dutch tulip fields and Spring in Giverny, the pastoral banks of the Seine painted by Caillebotte and Sisley and the cityscapes of Pissarro, such as The Louvre from the Pont Neuf. Works by Degas include the famous Before the Race with the horses and the jockeys in their brightly coloured silks. The exotic settings of Gérôme contrast with the elegant subjects of Stevens and Boldini. Twenty-one Renoirs selected from the thirty-two Renoirs currently in the Clark collection vividly illustrate the blazing talent of the master of Impressionism: his celebration of female beauty (Girl with a Fan, A Box at the Theater, Blonde Bather, …), his landscapes (Sunset, Venice, the Dogeʼs Palace, Bay of Naples, Evening), still lifes (Apples in a Dish, Peonies, …) , and portraits (Selfportrait, Marie-Thérèse Durand-Ruel Sewing, …).

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Rich Bum Magazineʼs favorite two paintings

Title: La classe de dance (The Dance Class) Artist: Hilaire-Germain-Edgar De Gas, better known as Edgar Degas (DOB: 19 July 1834 in Paris, France DOD: 27 September 1917 in Paris, France) Year: 1873-75. Material: Canvas Size: 85 x 75 cm (31.5 x 29.5 inches). Location: Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, Quebec, Canada. Technique: Oil.

Edgar Degas depicts in this painting a dance class. There is a old man placed around several young girls dressed in their white ballerina outfits. They all have a different color bows like they have different poses. Their body screams exhaustion and boredom. The painting is very humorous as the teacher is trying to teach them ballet; they dance that require ultimate gracefulness, yet they all have a sassy attitude, which is a form of disrespect. It is a very playful scene regardless. There seem to be big windows behind the teacher as the room is very bright. Degas closely observed the most spontaneous, natural, ordinary gestures, the pauses when concentration is relaxed and the body slumps after the exhausting effort of practicing and the implacable rigor of the class. The slightly raised viewpoint looking diagonally across the studio accentuates the vanishing perspective of floorboards.

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Title: Roses in a Bowl Artist: Henri Fantin-Latour (DOB: 14 January 1836 in Grenoble, Isere, France DOD: 25 August 1904 in Bure, Orne, Lower Normandy, France) Year: 1883. Material: Canvas Size: 30 x 41.7 cm (11.8 x 16.4 inches). Location: Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, Quebec, Canada. Technique: Oil. The title is very self-explanatory of the painting. Fantin-Latour painted a bouquet of roses in a bowl. The composition of the artwork is fairly simple: the background is simple and then at the foreground there are faded flowers. They seem as if they have been there for a while as their colors are quite dull-looking. This work of art is a still life and is there no form of movement. The mood is calm and serene; the roses are dying slowly yet they still look elegant. Being an impressionist, Fantin-Latour uses thin brush strokes which is very noticeable if the viewer looks at the way he painted the petals, he made them look full but damaged by time. The imperfections of the roses make them look genuine. The shapes are very organic and makes the painting even more natural.

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Impressionism

The impressionist style of painting is

movement, first in painting and later

characterized chiefly by

in music, that developed chiefly in

concentration on the general

France during the late 19th and

impression produced by a scene or

early 20th centuries. Impressionist

object and the use of unmixed

painting comprises the work

primary colors and small strokes to

produced between about 1867 and

simulate actual reflected light.

1886 by a group of artists who

Impressionism, French Impressionnisme, a major

shared a set of related approaches and techniques.

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Title: Luncheon of the Boating Party (Le dejeuner des canotiers). Artist: Pierre-Auguste Renoir (DOB: 25 February 1841, Limoges, Haute-Vienne, France. DOD: 3 December 1919 in Cagnes-sur-Mer, ProvenceAlpes-Cote dʼAzur, France) Year: 1880-81. Material: Canvas Size: 129.9 x 172.7 cm (51 x 68 inches). Location: Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, Quebec, Canada. Technique: Oil. The painting depicts a group of Renoir's friends relaxing on a balcony at the Maison Fournaise along the Seine river in Chatou, France. The painter and art patron, Gustave Caillebotte, is seated in the lower right. Renoir's future wife, Aline Charigot, is in the foreground playing with a small dog. On the table is fruit and wine. The painting is very busy and dynamic. The charcters are interacting with eachother, drinking, laughing. In terms of balance, Renoir is extremely clever and succeeds in balancing two figures on the left with twelve on the right. By tilting the floorboards, the artist allows characters in the upper-right background to be easily visible and this adds to the feeling of intimacy and informality. The colors adopted by Renoir are very rich and he contrasts the deep blue and green with vivid red and greens. Brimming with color this painting reflects both the time period and Impressionist style. The artists combination of thickly applied brushstrokes and more delicate ones adds to the composition, and specks of red and white make the painting easy on the eye.

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