Blueprints - Landscape Architecture Portfolio by naomirosser

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NAOMI ROSSER

THE BLUE PRINTS

NAOMI ROSSER MA LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE, UNIVERSITY OF GREENWICH SEPTEMBER 2015

THE BLUE PRINTS

NAOMI ROSSER MA LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE, UNIVERSITY OF GREENWICH SEPTEMBER 2015

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EXISTING CONDITIONS CONTENTS:

DESIGN PROCESS

INTRODUCTION 6 EXISTING CONDITIONS 15 DESIGN PROCESS 31 THE BLUE PRINTS MASTERPLAN

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BLUE SPACES 49 BUILDINGS & STRUCTURES 67 LANDSCAPE 75

WATER SPACES

CONCLUSION 95

BUILT ENVIRONMENT

LANDSCAPE CONCLUSION THEBLUEPRINTS

INTRODUCTION

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INTRODUCTION

The Blue Prints project seeks to challenge the way waterfronts are developed in cities. Specifically, the project aims to act as a flagship proposal, injecting creative and innovative design guidelines to provide possible solutions to issues relating to water management and the existing trends in riverfront developments. Postcodes adjacent to the River Thames have some of the highest growing rates of value in the capital. In the last 4 years prices of housing with river views has grown 30-40%. Profiting from this are developers, clearing away left over industrial wharfs along the Thames to make way for luxury waterfront residences. The number of people living close to the river is increasing at a rate of 22% per year. (London Loves Business) These kinds of developments obviously bring a huge economic advantage to some, however to the majority of city residents these luxury private developments create more barriers, increasing the gap between social and economic classes. The result is private and closed off developments which discourage use of the riverfront to the public, disconnecting the city from its riverfront. Parallel to this, research into the health benefits of accessibility to green and blue spaces proves that positive proximity may be greater within communities of socio-economic deprivation. (White et al., 2013). These conflicting factors bid the question of whether there is an alternative, more inclusive way to develop urban waterfronts, fulfilling the needs of multiple user groups. This document aims to provide a solution to some of these issues, in the aim of developing a masterplan where profitability is not at the forefront of design decisions.

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Canada Water

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INTRODUCTION

River Lee

Excel Centre

Royal Victoria Docks

Canary Wharf O2 Arena

Emirates Air Line

North Greenwich Station

THE BLUE PRINTS PROJECT SITE

Greenwich Gas Cylinder

Morden Wharf

Enderby's Wharf

Greenwich Power Station Greenwich Royal Naval College THEBLUEPRINTS

The Blue Prints project is situated within the Thames Basin, a complex network of rivers and tributaries which flow towards London. At this point, the River Thames has been infiltrated with many smaller rivers, streams and groundwater flows. The levels are sustained by surrounding aquifers, which maintain flows in drier months. London depends greatly upon these sources for water, with a large population and reasonably low annual rainfall, water is a limited resource. Annual rainfall in the capital is relatively low in comparison to other capital cities. Increasing pressure upon water supplies is being caused by rises in population and rises in the average use of water per person. As it stands, the current demand for water is unsustainable and poses a significant challenge. (Mayor of London, 2011)

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Proximity to large water bodies poses threats. Swelling rivers, and unpredictable rainfall can lead to flooding. Urban areas along the River Thames are particularly vulnerable to the damaging effects of flooding due to the amount of hard, impermeable surfaces and Victorian drainage systems reaching capacity. Across the length of the River Thames in London, major defences have been implemented to stop flooding, however the current approach seems to be harsh - concrete walls and barriers act against the riverâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s natural cycles.

Aquifer Clay Groundwater Abstraction Rivers

HOW CAN THE PROJECT BECOME FLEXIBLE TO COPE WITH ONGOING CHANGES IN THE SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT WHILST FUNCTIONING AS A COMMUNITY?

Greater London Boundary Teddington

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THAMES BASIN

Precipitation (mm)

Image 2

December

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October

September

August

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June

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January

Average Rainfall (days)

INTRODUCTION

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Average Rainfall (days)

Precipitation (mm)

In addition to the surrounding processes relating to flooding the area poses many other challenges, creating a complex site with many influencing factors. The site has undergone a heavily industrial past, the scars of which can be seen within the landscape. A hard, angular and concrete wasteland has been left along the length of the river. The sites industrial heritage means that the area has not established a community in the past, and is therefore sightly isolated and disconnected within the wider local area. Existing developments, and proposals have been implemented across the peninsular, adding to the challenge to link what is existing together whilst creating new links and destinations for the site. The project aims to challenge what has already been proposed for the site, in the aim of creating a set of guidelines to set out a different future for the site. The complex combination of surrounding processes, the industrial landscape and disconnect posses a highly challenging project brief.

HOW CAN THE PROJECT SEEK TO INCORPORATE SURROUNDING PROCESSES AND COMMUNITIES AS WELL AS ESTABLISHING ITSELF AS A DESTINATION?

AVERAGE RAINFALL LONDON

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EXISTING CONDITIONS

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EXISTING CONDITIONS

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PAST CONDITIONS

In order to gage a wider understanding of the existing site conditions, it was necessary to analyse the historical changes which have influenced the site. Through the initial analysis stages various facts and conclusions are drawn, opening up ideas and questions needed to be explored further. The peninsular has undergone a dramatic transformation, in the last 400 or so years. Overlaying of historic maps onto the existing base plan revealed how the shape and use of this area of land has changed dramatically. The Blue Prints site has had a fascinating relationship with the River Thames and water. It it only in the recent past that the area was suitable for inhabitance. The peninsular has been constantly modified by humans, morphing and being reshaped according to the needs of adjacent landowners. Just 300 years ago the area was still a marsh land named â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Greenwich Marshâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. Before the sea walls were built the peninsular was managed through as series of sluices, which drained the land, allowing space for pasture and farming. This significant piece of history highlighted the fragile balance the land on the peninsular holds with water and the river Thames. It becomes more evident throughout the exploration of other eras that there has been a constant battle with the river to keep the water off the land.

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DITCHES & SLUICES

EXISTING CONDITIONS

This constant need to maintain the use of the land lead to rules and legislations for the surrounding landowners. Throughout the 17th Century landowners were made to pay taxes in order to maintain the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;sea wallâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, named as so as the engineering needed was on the same scale as those needed for coastal sea defences. It was a very expensive defence to maintain, and needed its own council to determine how money was spent and raised. The drawing to the left displays the network of ditches and sluices which covered the peninsular. It is difficult to imagine how the peninsular would have looked during this time, but it is certain there would have been much more of a physical and visual connection with water.

1600 1800 THEBLUEPRINTS 1600

Ordanance Wharf

Works

Resevoir

Wharf

Resevoir

Ordanance Wharf Tar Works

Delta Works

Delta Wharf (Metals)

Wharf

Wood Paving Works

Sussex Wharf

Imperial Wharf

Delta Wharf

Wharf

Ordanance Wharf

1870

1920

1938

1955

1965

1981 Resevoir

Wharf

Ordanance Wharf

Blakeley Ordanance Company’s Works

DELTA WHARF

Greenwich Greenwich Linoleum Works Linoleum Works

Sussex Wharf

Brick Field

Chemical Works Chemical Works

VICTORIA DEEP WATER TERMINAL Victoria Deep Water Terminal

Victoria Wharf

Bay Wharf

Morden Wharf

Morden Wharf Hollicks Wharf

Works Glucose Refinery

Jetty

Causeway

Slipway Piper’s Wharf

Granite Wharf

Lovell’s Wharf

Lovell’s Wharf Wharves

Wharf

Thames Soap & Candel Works

Thames Soap Works

Submarine Cable Enderby’s Wharf Enderby’s Wharf Works

Boiler House Piper’s Wharf

Granite Wharf

Wharf

Piper Wharf

Telegraph Works Pipers Wharf

Granite Wharf

Dolphin

Granite Wharf

Stone Yard

Port of London Wharf

Union Wharf

Dolphin Crowley’s Wharf Jetty

Trinity Hostpital Wharf

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1920

1938

Wharf

1955

1965

1981

Foundary

Greenwich Wharf Greenwich Wharf

Almbouses

ENDERBY’S WHARF

PIPERS WHARF

Brick Field

Jetty

Electricity Works Electricity Works Electricity Works

Wharf

MORDEN WHARF

Old Concrete Works

Anchor Iron Works

Wharf

Electric Telegraph Works

Portland Cement Hollick’s Wharf Hollick’s Wharf Works Iron Works

Jetty

Warehouse Providence Wharf Badcock’s Badcock’s Wharves Wharves Granite Wharf

Wharf

Landind Stage

Enderby’s Wharf Enderby’s Wharf Enderby’s Wharf

Wharves

Iron Boat Building Yard

Bay Wharf Ship Building

Iron Works

Piper’s Wharf

Wharf

Molassine Meal Works

Works

Primrose Wharf Primrose Wharf

Pier

Wharf

1870

Works

Victoria Wharf

London Steel and Iron Works

GRANITE WHARF

Lovell’s Wharf

EXISTING CONDITIONS

INDUSTRIAL INFLUENCES

For the last 150 years this stretch of the peninsular has been dominated by large wharfs and heavy industry. The industries have shaped and morphed the edge of the river to become functional for boats, leaving behind an angular and irregular edge. Large jetties protrude towards deeper parts of the river for tug boats and cargo ships exporting and importing freight. The shape of the rivers edge has changed dramatically though natural and human interventions. Clues of the past can still be seen in the shapes along the river edge, such as the breach of the sea wall which can still be seen near Morden Wharf. This morphing and re-shaping of the river wall lead to questions about how it could be moulded to influence the functions of the new masterplan, and whether the river edge could become a more useful shape for the design.

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EXISTING CONDITIONS

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LEE RIVER

MILLWALL OUTER DOCK

EAST INDIA DOCK BASIN

VICTORIA DOCKS

POPLAR DOCK

BLACKWALL BASIN

WEST INDIA DOCKS

MILLWALL INNER DOCK

MILLWALL OUTER DOCK

0616 0746 0846 0936 1123 1243 1343 1423 1543 1643 1748 1848 1908 2008 2228

0646 0806 .... 0958 1143 1303 1403 1443 1603 1708 1808

.... 0826 0906 1023 1203 1323 .... 1503 1623 1728 1828

0646 0806 .... 0958 1143 1303 1403 1443 1603 1708 1808

.... 0904 1004 1120 1305 1425 1545 1705 1745 1910 2030 2150

0734 .... .... 1145 1325 1445 1605 1725 1805 1930 2050 2250

.... 0826 0906 1023 1203 1323 .... 1503 1623 1728 1828

0638 0758 0858 1045 1215 1335 1435 1555 1720 1820 1940 2120

.... 0818 0928 1115 1235 1355 1455 1615 .... 1840 2000 2220

0708 0838 0950 1135 1255 .... 1515 1635 1740 1900

.... 0912 1012 1128 1313 1433 1553 1713 1838 1958 2118 2358

0742 .... .... 1153 1333 1453 1613 1733 1858 2018 2138

0812 0932 1032 1223 1353 1513 1633 1753 1918 2038 2158

0842 0952 1110 1253 1413 1533 1653 1813 1938 2058 2258

0716 1053 1223 1523 ....

High Residual Flood Risk Shingle Beach Mud Beach BATHYMETRIC DATA -0/-1.5m 1.5/-3m -3/-4.5m -4.5/-6m -6/-7.5m -7.5/-9m

1928 1948 2028 2128 0804 0924 1024 1215 1345 1505 1625

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1830 1850 1950 2010 2110 2130 2350

* ALL DATA IS 3.25 m BELOW ORDANACE SURVEY DATA

0716 1053 1223 1523 ....

1928 1948 2028 2128

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0616 0746 0846 0936 1123 1243 1343 1423 1543 1643 1748 1848 1908 2008 2228

0608 0738 .... 1015 1155 1315 1415 1535 1700 1800 1920 2020

.... 0734 0804 0834 0904 .... 0924 0944

High Residual Flood Risk Shingle Beach Mud Beach BATHYMETRIC DATA

EXISTING CONDITIONS

HYDROLOGICAL INFLUENCES

Dominating in presence, the River Thames the most potent influencing factor to the site. It was imperative to understand how the river is naturally flowing and trying to change the edge of the site. Bathymetric data shows the depths of the river along this edge, revealing the practical reasons for past wharfs to be situated along here. The darkest shaded areas are the deepest parts of the river bed, which were ideal for large freight ships to moor. The proposal for the London Cruise Liner terminal at Enderbyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Wharf makes use of this area of deep water and the lack of low bridges down stream. Although the peninsular is surrounded by large concrete sea walls keeping the river in place, there is still a constant threat to flooding across large expanses of the area. The area of high residual flood risk shows the extent of the risk. This is a highly important influencing factor for any development within the area, there is a constant threat that the existing defences will fail, therefore more needs to be done at site level to reduce this risk. The foreshore surrounding the peninsular starts to show the natural processes of the river. River deposits and sediment are pushed into the bends of the river where flows are strongest. Mud and shingle make up the foreshore along the edge of the project site. The beach areas are a reminder of the dangerous tidal conditions surrounding the site.

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EXISTING CONDITIONS

The existing state of the site is very distinguished. A walk from the O2 Arena along the Thames Footpath towards Greenwich reveals the complex layers of materials which form the site. The area feels remote and cut off from the busy tourist attractions in Greenwich, as well as the dense towers of Canary Wharf, which are in constant view. There is evidence of past industries, with abandoned piers and jetties protruding into the river, overgrown with weeds and locked off to the public. These structures are a stark contrast to the developments across the river, the whole site feels imbalanced, with the juxtaposition of industrial wasteland and the natural river processes battling against it. Looking back inland the O2 Arena is an almost constant view, yet when standing from the Thames Footpath it accentuates the disconnect the site has from the hub surrounding the dome. As the footpath continues further south the site starts to feel less isolated, with various new luxury waterfront developments being built towards the Greenwich power station. The following montages attempt to portray the contrasting elements of the site, capturing the materiality and characteristics at points along the route.

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EXISTING CONDITIONS

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EXISTING CONDITIONS

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PROCESSES

0608 0738 .... 1015 1155 1315 1415 1535 1700 1800 1920 2020

0638 0758 0858 1045 1215 1335 1435 1555 1720 1820 1940 2120

.... 0818 0928 1115 1235 1355 1455 1615 .... 1840 2000 2220

0708 0838 0950 1135 1255 .... 1515 1635 1740 1900

.... 0912 1012 1128 1313 1433 1553 1713 1838 1958 2118 2358

0742 .... .... 1153 1333 1453 1613 1733 1858 2018 2138

0812 0932 1032 1223 1353 1513 1633 1753 1918 2038 2158

0842 0952 1110 1253 1413 1533 1653 1813 1938 2058 2258

BOAT JOURNEYS IN 24 hrs PORT OF LONDON AUTHORITY DATA CARGO OTHER

PASSANGER/PLEASURE PILOTS AND TUGS

Elements which cannot be seen through site visits have been collected separately, which when mapped reveal layers of moving and changing processes. Mapping various transport routes starts to show the existing connections the site has within the micro and macro urban scales. The Jubilee line shown in grey connects the peninsular with Canary Wharf and central London, as well as Stratford to the north. As well as the obvious train and tube network the river itself is a constantly vein of boat traffic. From water taxis, cargo ships and private boats, the Thames is a busy water way. The drawing to the right reveals the route these different boats have taken over 24 hours. Adding to the lines carved out by transport and waterways, the invisible Meridian line cuts straight though the northern part of the project site. This line emphasises the importance of understanding connections to the wider site scale.

0616 0746 .... 1023 1203 1323 1423 1543 1708 1808 1908 2028

0646 0806 0906 1053 1223 1343 1443 1603 1728 1828 1928 2128

.... 0826 0936 1123 1243 1403 1503 1623 .... 1848 1948 2228

0716 0846 0958 1143 1303 .... 1523 1643 1748

.... 0904 1004 1120 1305 1425 1545 1705 1745 1910 2030 2150

0734 .... .... 1145 1325 1445 1605 1725 1805 1930 2050 2250

0804 0924 1024 1215 1345 1505 1625

0834 0944 1102 1245 1405 1525 1645

1830 1950 2110 2350

1850 2010 2130

2008

MERIDIAN LINE

To help to understand and answer questions about the existing conditions of the site, things can be learnt from the existing plans for the future. Part of this process lead to the discovery of the proposed masterplan in surrounding areas and on the site, which explained why some areas along the have been cleared and cordoned off.

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EXISTING CONDITIONS

VIEWS & VISTAS

Photographs capture the diversity at different points along the river’s edge. This photographic survey method allows for specific snap shots of an area, showing 360° views and vistas from a specific point. The wide river body opens up the area, giving vast and undisrupted views across to the other bank. This gives the illusion of a vast expansive site. At the same time, the river increases the feeling of seclusion at the site, the scale of the river against the high rise buildings at Canary Wharf makes the human scale feel very disproportioned. The drawing to the right seeks to expose the complexity scales along the river’s edge.

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LANDMARKS

The vast expanses and views across the river, along with the flat nature of the site, leads the eye towards many landmark structures and buildings. These features allow pedestrians to gage rough distances and senses of scale when walking along the edge of the river. The landmarks tell a story of how the area has undergone change historically. From the World Heritage site of maritime Greenwich, to Morden Wharf and the Gas Cylinder and the O2 arena, these landmark features add to the unique nature of the site. It was important to understand how the site was seen from both sides of the river to envision of how the project will change this view. Equally important were the views from the site towards the Isle of Dog are iconic, showing the whole of Canary Wharf, and new towers at Wood Wharf. This helped to imagine how these views will be framed in the future.

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EXISTING CONDITIONS

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EXISTING CONDITIONS

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DESIGN PROCESS

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EXISTING PROPOSALS

Part of the design process was to develop an understanding of how the site has been designed in existing proposals. Currently the site is being developed by the group Knight Dragon. The eastern edge of the peninsular has already been developed, into medium density apartments, built upon a rigid grid system. The proposals for the site appear to follow the same trend, a grid layout, with large towers towards the front of the river banks. The Blue Prints project aims to mesh with the existing layout on the western edge of the peninsular, however the project seeks to break up the rigid grid proposed for the site, approaching the site in a much more creative way, reducing the hierarchy at the rivers edge, and spreading the charm of waterfront living throughout the site. Initial design stages explored ways of breaking up the grid, and feeding activity from the riverside back inland, linking the site towards the hub at the O2 whilst creating stronger routes north to south.

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BATHYMETRY

INITIAL DESIGN STAGE

BLUE PRINTS MASTERPLAN

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BATHYMETRY

CONCEPT DESIGN

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The initial design exploration established a need for new links between the river edge and the centre of the peninsular, whilst creating a strong north-south axis. This was eventually refined into the basic concept for the project; to establish new routes and connections through the introduction of water bodies, feeding into the site. The concept was inspired by the network of sluices which once controlled water across the site. Naturally, the peninsular is a marsh, a low-lying stretch of land which is highly susceptible to flooding. Introducing new water channels would not only increase connectivity throughout the site, but could also act as some sort of solution to the constant threat of flooding in the area. The importance of innovative approaches to sustainable urban design is highlighted in the Mayor of London’s water strategy documents. Vision. The Mayor of London’s vision is that a more creative approach is adopted to managing flood risk from rainfall in London, taking opportunities to slow the progress of water from ‘rain to drain’ and using rainwater for non-potable uses to reduce demand for treated mains water. (Mayor of London, 2011) Likewise Dreiseitl explains the need for a new approach to urban planning. “The networking of city structure as an interactive infrastructure, publicly visible and also aesthetically attractive is needed” (Dreisitl, 2009). These ideas were a constant reference whilst designing the site.

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MASTERPLAN DEVELOPMENT

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BATHYMETRY

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CASE STUDY: Royal Neighbour ADEPT & Mandaworks 2035 Stockholm, Sweden

THE MASTERPLAN: Situated on Stockholm’s Royal Seaport the site was formally a gasworks. A masterplan for the 180000.0sqm site has been established to introduce a new neighbourhood to the area. The masterplan introduces distinct neighbourhood areas, with highly aesthetic architectural and landscape elements to create a unique and colourful community. The project focusses on commercial and transportation functions, through the establishment of offices, shopping centres, hotels and multiple transport infrastructures. Cycle and pedestrian ways work alongside the major transit systems, in the hope of attracting a sustainable and environmental aware yet diverse community. As well as establishing a neighbourhood, the project aims to reinforce the relationship between the urban form, the waterfront and the water itself.

KEY PROJECT FEATURES: • • • • • •

A canal establishes a connection between old and new areas The canal acts as the core of the new urban development Integrating a wide typology of buildings and spaces Creating a diverse transportation network with focus on pedestrian and cycle routes Establishing and reinforcing connections between the land and the water. Attracting a diverse yet environmentally aware community

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Images 4-6

CASE STUDY: Cloudburst Concretization Masterplan Atelier Dreiseitl 2013 Copenhagen, Denmark

BATHYMETRY THE MASTERPLAN:

Images 7-9

BLUE PRINTS MASTERPLAN

The city of Copenhagen is leading the way for innovative and sustainable urban design, with a vision to be carbon neutral by 2025. After large areas of Copenhagen was flooded in 2011, this, combined with increasingly heavy rain events has lead to a surge in strategic designs and masterplans to address some of the issues relating to flood management and water quality. The project proposes a ‘tool box’ of urban interventions such as boulevards, parks and plazas, providing the template for a multifunctional and sustainable neighbourhood. The new infrastructure provides essential city services,

KEY PROJECT FEATURES • •

A neighbourhood which addresses environmental issues as well as creating a dynamic and functional development A strategy which is broken down into individual elements to explain how each part works within

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BATHYMETRY

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MASTERPLAN

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Re-capturing, harnessing and controlling water along the river edge, the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Blue Printsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; project challenges the way waterfronts are developed in urban areas, creating a captivating and diverse new landscape. Water bodies infiltrate the western side of the peninsular, from the rivers edge-inland, weaving activities throughout the site. Through innovative design, these new landscapes create a web of dynamic spaces, linking architectural developments to create an energetic and unique community.

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Hotel Clipper Pier O2 Arena

Marina

BATHYMETRY

Terraced Gardens Winter Garden & Food Court

Swimming Pool Gallery Space & Clipper Pier BLUE PRINTS MASTERPLAN

Boating Loop

Wave Garden Surf Lagoon Greenwich Gas Cylinder Brackish Wetland and Wildlife Protection Zone Park Bird Island Bird Watching & Thames Habitat Educational Centre Morden Wharf Swimming & Fishing Pools

Enderbyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Wharf Development

London Cruise Liner Terminal

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NORTH GREENWICH STATION & BUS TERMINAL

WINTER GARDEN

SWIMMING POOL

KAYAK CENTRE

GALLERY & CLIPPER STOP

HOTEL NORTH GREENWICH PIER

SURF LAGOON

O2 ARENA

GREENWICH GAS CYLINDER

MARINA

< TO CANARY WHARF & WOOD WHARF

WETLAND NORTH GREENWICH STATION & BUS TERMINAL

WINTER GARDEN

ACTIVITY HUBS & ROUTES

BIRD ISLAND SWIMMING POOL

BIRD WATCHING AND WETLAND CENTRE GALLERY & CLIPPER STOP

SWIMMING POOL FISHING CHANNEL

KAYAK CENTRE

SURF LAGOON GREENWICH GAS CYLINDER

LONDON CRUISE TERMINAL WETLAND

ENDERBY'S WHARF

BIRD ISLAND BIRD WATCHING AND WETLAND CENTRE

SWIMMING POOL FISHING CHANNEL

A key aim of the project is to increase links between the existing activity nodes on the peninsular and the proposed activities within the Blue Prints project. The site is surrounded by transport, leisure and community facilities which are disconnected with the existing site, the proposed new hubs will have clear links and routes, allowing users easy access across the peninsular, and along the waters edge. ACTIVITY NODES: Transport Hub Water Activity Changeable Event Space Constant Attraction

LONDON CRUISE TERMINAL ENDERBY'S WHARF

Existing Attraction

KEY PEDESTRIAN LINKS

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PROPOSED PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE LINKING GREENWICH PENINSULA WITH CANARY WHARF

HOTEL

BATHYMETRY

O2 ARENA NORTH GREENWICH PIER

PROPOSED PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE LINKING GREENWICH PENINSULA WITH CANARY WHARF

CONNECTIVE & TRANSPORT ROUTES

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ENDERBY’S WHARF

As well as creating stronger pedestrian routes the proposal aims to improve public transport and vehicular access along the stretch of the river, as well as inland. The existing proposal for the London Cruise Terminal will bring a great opportunity to encourage passengers to explore around the terminal. The Blue Prints project proposes a boat link between this terminal and a new dock to the north of the peninsular, allowing quick access towards the O2 Arena and the Hotel. In addition to this the project aims to become a destination as well as a community. This will be supported by a new Thames Clipper service dock in the centre of the project, providing convenient access for between Central London for both visitors and residents of the peninsular.

ENDERBY’S WHARF

Key Pedestrian Links Thames Clipper Route Thames Clipper Stops Proposed Water Taxi Route Existing Roads Proposed Roads Jubilee Line Bus and Train Station

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LANDUSE

The landuse plan shows the distinct design areas which form the masterplan. These areas will be explained further within the document, and broken up further. The landuse plan starts to show the ratios of key features within the Blue Prints project.

River Front Plazas Water Edge Pedestrian offset (6m minimum) Open Green Spaces/Parkland Public Realm Roads Water Bodies Buildings /Architectural Forms

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BATHYMETRY 8 4

8 6

4 4

DESIGN CODE AREAS

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108

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The areas shown here portray elements which are subject to the design guidelines in the following pages.

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8 4

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Waterfront Plazas Event Plazas Watersports Centre Water Bodies Waterfront Boulevards Multi-Use Development Waterfront Plazas Pedestrian Bridges Event Plazas Sluice Gate Bridges Watersports Centre Vehicular Bridges Water Bodies Waterfront Boulevards Multi-Use Development Pedestrian Bridges Sluice Gate Bridges Vehicular Bridges

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WATER

WATER BODY NETWORK

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RETENTION CHANNELS & SLUICE GATES

PRIMARY FORMAL WATER BODY

WAVE GARDEN SURF LAGOON

KAYAK & CANOE LOOP

FISHING CANAL MARINA

MORDEN WHARF SWIMMING CENTRE

WATER

FAMILY SMIMMING POOL TIDAL WETLAND HABITAT & BIRD ISLAND

SECONDARY FORMAL WATER BODY

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WATER BODY DESIGN CODE 01. Water bodies are for the use and enjoyment of the pubic for multiple activities 02. The various water centres and pavilions provide equipment and information for users 03. The water activities may be taken over by private companies, who must ensure the highest standard of safety and facilities 04. All water sports must have fully qualified life guards, and instructors present during opening hours 05. Private companies must ensure water quality is high, and are responsible for filter systems, safety lighting, and reporting water levels. 06. The companies must not dramatically reduce water levels through use of sluice gates without consulting other water body managers 07. Private companies must seek to encourage all users; fees may be applied for activities, and profits must be used to upkeep the highest possible standard 08. Water sports companies must provide free use to children under 6. They are also encouraged to promote discounted prices to local residents and children through engagement in local community groups and schools.

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WATER BODY NETWORK At the forefront of the design are the water bodies. This network of water weaves throughout site to create a unique neighbourhood. The bodies link different spaces within the project together, combining to create an dynamic yet unified site. The existing site conditions have left an area which is disconnected and flat. The web of water bodies will re-link the spaces from land to river, celebrating the sites unique historical relationship with the river and sluice gates, whilst establishing a new and distinguished identity for the area. From an aesthetic and functional perspective the water has a role to play; forming hubs of water based activities and spaces for leisurely enjoyment, whilst working as part of a wider plan for sustainable water management for the project. The project will enable new residents to become conscious of urban issues relating to sustainable water use, whilst having the full benefits of living close to the water and being able to enjoy its full potential. The majority of water bodies are controlled through a sluice gate and lock system. The exception to this is the Wave Garden Surfing Lagoon, Fishing Canal and Morden Wharf Swimming Centre, none of which are connected to the Thames river water. Water volumes can be adjusted and controlled according to the desired function of each water body, allowing for flexibility and possible changes to needs in the future. During periods of high water and rainfall retention channels and connecting sluice channels can be used as over flows to incorporate surface run off. The network can be used to evenly distribute and manage water across the site.

MARINA The Marina is situated at the most northerly part of the site, adjacent to the O2 Arena, new hotel and close to the North Greenwich Station. This area was chosen for the marina because of its proximity to popular destinations, creating a vibrant hub, connecting the various surrounding nodes together. The marina allows small and medium sized boats to dock, for users of the surrounding attractions, or residents from local communities. In order to create a facility for a wide spectrum of users, the marina will have space for boats for sailing and boat clubs, encouraging people from surrounding communities to learn about sailing.

PRIMARY WATER BODY Primary water bodies form part of the wider network of interlinking water ways. These primary channels are situated within main thoroughfares, and therefore will be less secluded and community based than the secondary bodies. Although the water ways form part of the wider SUDS strategy, these particular typologies provide a mostly aesthetic function. WATER

SECONDARY WATER BODY The secondary water bodies are situated within more secluded areas within the project, further away from main routes and hubs. These smaller bodies will provide more community based uses, encouraging surrounding residents to interact. These bodies allow surrounding residents a more private space to enjoy and interact with the water.

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RETENTION CHANNELS The retention channels will be relatively unnoticeable, however these features form and imperative part of the wider SUDS network. As explained in previous diagrams, the channels can be activated during times of excess overflow within other connecting bodies, allowing the operator to control levels of water through a sluice gate system.

KAYAK LOOP The Kayak loop has been designed to create a unique water body, with bends and different widths, the loop allows an exciting and challenging course for kayak or canoe users. The loop allows a full journey and aim for kayaks, starting at the kayak centre and deck, allowing users to meander through the site.

SWIMMING POOL The outdoor swimming pools allow users to experience the full benefits of living within the project site. A large, expanse of water, the water body allows for swimmers of different levels to use the facilities. A deck boarders one edge of the pool, providing loungers and seating for spectators, the deck acts as the main access point into the pool with d

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TIDAL WETLAND The wetland accentuates the existing historical breach in the sea wall. In contradiction to the other highly controlled sluice systems, the tidal wetland creates a natural water space, which changes throughout the day, revealing different wetland levels as the tide draws out. This area is predominantly inaccessible to the public, in the aim of establishing a wildlife habitat without human interaction.

WAVE GARDEN SURF LAGOON The surf lagoon has been positioned centrally within the project, with the aim of creating a centre for this kind artificial wave surfing in this part of the UK. The wave garden technology creates the perfect wave condition for surfers of different levels, depending on where in the lagoon the surfer is. An artificial beach will create a unique space for spectators and users to enjoy views across the lagoon towards the river. WATER

MORDEN WHARF Situated underneath the skeletal structures of the Morden Wharf building, these water bodes form part of a unique experience. The water bodies provide an alternative setting to the more urban water bodies, as they are surrounded by parkland, creating a more tranquil setting for water activities.

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SWIMMING POOL

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WATER

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WETLAND & SURF LAGOON

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WATER

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Wood Wharf Dock

Coldharbour 66

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River Lee Lock

South Dock, Canary Wharf

Victoria Docks

South Dock, Canary Wharf

SLUICE GATES & LOCKS

SLUICE GATE & LOCK DESIGN CODE 01. The majority of water bodies are connected to the River Thames through a series of sluice gates and retention channels

Inspired by the sluice system which controlled water levels on the peninsular pre 1800â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s, this network of waterways will help to control the levels of water within the various channels and pools, working as part of a wider water management strategy for this project.

02. Sluice systems may be used to mitigate flooding risk, and control water heights in other water bodies within the overall system

WATER

The various sluice gate and lock systems have been determined based on a study of sluice gates in the surrounding dockland areas. Different types of sluice systems are used depending on the function of that gate, for example; gates where boats pass through are flap style sluice gates in the majority, these types of gates are often used at locks and smaller interconnecting water bodies within a system. Vertical rising sluice gates are used where there is no boat traffic, along small channels and streams to control water levels.

03. Sluice gates with bridges over open underneath the bridge, as a flap gate system, allowing the bridge to be a fixed and constant connection 04. The retention channels connected to the Thames should be used in accordance with tide times; and when in use must close the use of the foreshore 05. The only water bodies which are disconnected to the River Thames are the Wave Garden Surf Lagoon, an d the swimming and fishing pools at Morden wharf, water may be pumped through underground pipes to reach these areas, depending on what requirements there are

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Mean High Tide Mean Low Tide River

Retention Channel Water Cleansing/ Retention Channel

Main Water Body

RIVER - WATER BODY SLUICE SYSTEM

Flap Sluice Gate under Pedestrian Bridge Vertical Rising Sluice Optional 3rd Sluice Gate Gate Mean High Tide

RIVER - WATER BODY SLUICE SYSTEM

Mean Low Tide River

Retention Channel Water Cleansing/ Retention Channel

Main Water Body

RIVER - WATER BODY SLUICE SYSTEM

Mean High Tide Mean Low Tide River

RIVER - MARINA LOCK SYSTEM

Flap Sluice Gate

Marina Gate and Bascule Pedestrian Bridge

Main Marina Docks

RIVER - MARINA LOCK SYSTEM

Mean High Tide Mean Low Tide

River

Flap Sluice Gate

Marina Gate and Bascule Pedestrian Bridge

Main Marina Docks

RIVER - MARINA LOCK SYSTEM

Mean High Tide Mean Low Tide River

Flap Sluice Gate

Main Marina Docks Marina Gate and Bascule Pedestrian Bridge Vertical Rising Sluice Gate 1 Vertical Rising Sluice Gate 2

RIVER - MARINA LOCK SYSTEM

RETENTION CHANNEL SYSTEM Vertical Rising Sluice Gate 1 Water Body 1

Vertical Rising Sluice Gate 2

Over Flow Channel

Water Body 2

ADJOINING WATER BODIES SLUICE SYSTEM

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Water Body 1

Over Flow Channel

Vertical Rising Sluice Gate 1

Water Body 2

WATER

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NET RUN OFF: 11,353 x 0.6 = 6811.8 litres

EVAPORATION: 180m

REFILL FROM HARD SURFACES

600mm RETENTI

FLUCTUATING WATER LEVEL 3.1%

OVERFLOW

3m NORMAL LEV

12.14 % 3.7%

30.14%

Green Roof 24.6%

GREEN ROOFS & SUSTAINABLE URBAN DRAINAGE APPROACH 21.72%

Part of the intention of the project is to reduce the risk of flooding in the area through the incorporation of a sustainable urban drainage plan at early stages of design. The approach to urban drainage has been considered since the initial analysis of the existing site conditions. Delving into historical maps revealed how water was managed on site hundreds of years ago. This sparked the idea to bring water back to the site, yet in a way which was functional as well as aesthetically pleasing. The sluice system allows for a controlled drainage approach, where water can be stored and released based on the existing or forecast conditions. The wider approach is based on a system of both green roofs and water bodies, where sustainable urban drainage starts from the rainfall stage. The calculation to the right suggests the amount of water which needs to be sustainably absorbed into the system. The masterplan is creating an environment where water is at the forefront of the community, in the hope that though education, a greater understanding of water will be gained by surrounding communities. Dreisitl emphasises that long-term planning approach to city design free from â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;currentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; trends is needed in order to overcome many of the issues seen in urban environments. (Dreisitl, 2009) Greater awareness through design will help communities understand the fragility of water within cities, and the need to attenuate and re-use as well as enjoy it.

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Terraced Gardens

Road

4.57%

Waterfront Boulevard Water Body

Permeable & Impermeable surfaces on site

Green roof network, with 2m offset from building edge

Green Roof

Terraced Gardens

Road

Waterfront Boulevard Water Body

Movement of water from rain to drain

AVERAGE RAINFALL: 600mm PER YEAR (600l per m2)

AVERAGE EVAPORATION RATE: 180mm PER YEAR

TOTAL HARD ROOFS ON SITE:11,353m2

TOTAL GREEN ROOFS ON SITE: 36946.58m2

Inevitably some water which hits the roof will become run off, where water falls onto the hard surfaces on the roof. This water will then have to be incorporated within the drainage systems at ground level, either into the water bodies, or into an underground drainage system which distributes water into the retention channels.

NET RUN OFF: 11,353 x 0.6 = 6811.8 litres

EVAPORATION: 180mm pa

REFILL FROM HARD SURFACES OVERFLOW

FLUCTUATING WATER LEVEL

600mm RETENTION LEVEL 3m NORMAL LEVEL

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WATER

The rainwater management strategy envisions that all water that falls onto the green roofs which is not evaporated will be retained and reused in the system. The planting on the roof will retain some of this water, and left over water will be drained into storage tanks which could be used for watering, or filtered and used within the building system for grey water uses such as toilets.

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BUILT FORM

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MULTI-USE DEVELOPMENT

8 6

6 10

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4 4

8 6

6 4

8 6

BUILT FORM DESIGN CODE 01. Buildings must strictly adhere to the allocated building height according to its block. 02. The building height restrictions are designed to maximise potential views across new and existing water bodies 03. Green roof and water tanks may be installed, and infiltrate into an overall SUDS strategy 04. Buildings are mixed use residential and commercial plots, with ground floor preferable for shops and cafĂŠs

One of the key purposes of the project is to challenge the way water fronts are developed in urban environments. Typically, residential waterfronts are developed to maximise profitability on properties with waterfront views, creating a wall of high rise blocks at the riverâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s edge.

06. Distance between Buildings must be at least10m apart to allow for natural light and thoroughfares BUILT FORM

An alternative method to this is to remove the hierarchy, the project aims to incorporate a fairer massing system, allowing residences further away from the Thames to have views across the river. The Blue Prints project ensures almost every single residence within the site will benefit from having an immediate view of a water body. Properties further back will also have equally close access to the water body as those closer inland, creating a fairer spread of possible profitability for each development.

05. New water bodies create desirable waterfront living for all, no real estate will increase in value based on closeness to the River Thames, as all real estate has equal opportunity for views to water bodies

07. Buildings must be offset at least 7m from centre line of roads 08. All buildings must provide sufficient parking within building plot, underground parking is preferable

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ARCHITECTURAL HUBS

Morden Wharf

Surf Centre Kayak Centre

Marina House

Swimming Pavillion Bird Watching & Wetland Centre

Winter Garden

Exhibition Centre

Swimming Pavillion

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HOTEL NORTH GREENWICH PIER

O2 ARENA MARINA

< TO CANARY WHARF & WOOD WHARF

WINTER GARDEN

SWIMMING PAVILIONS

BIRD WATCHING & WETLAND CENTRE

NORTH GREENWICH STATION & BUS TERMINAL

WINTER GARDEN

The Winter Garden pavilion is located within one of the most active hubs of the project site, at a busy pedestrian intersection of the Riverfront Plazas, Foot Bridge and the main route from the O2 Arena/North Greenwich Station. Projected over the river, the indoor gardens provides year-round opportunity for an immersive experience surrounded by plants.

POOL The bird watching facilitiesSWIMMING overlook the wetland and bird island which has been created. Similarly to the Winter Garden and KAYAK will CENTREbecome an iconic piece of Exhibition Centre, this building GALLERY & CLIPPER STOP architecture associated with the project. The contemporary facilities will encourage visitors to explore the importance of the River Thames as a habitat for wildlife, especially encouraging SURF LAGOON bird watching from an environment which will not directly effect GREENWICH GAS CYLINDER bird life.

Being in a key location, the pavilion building also provides opportunity for Cafe and Restaurant outlets, with spectacular views across the River Thames and towards Canary Wharf. The Winter Garden building will become a landmark feature and widely recognised piece of architecture associated with the project. HOTEL

WETLAND

SURF CENTRE BIRD ISLANDHOTEL BIRD WATCHING AND WETLAND CENTRE

MARINA

< TO CANARY WHARF & WOOD WHARF

MARINA

< TO CANARY & NORTH WHARF GREENWICH WOOD WHARF PIER

O2 ARENA

NORTH GREENWICH STATION & BUS TERMINAL

SWIMMING POOL O2 ARENA FISHING CHANNEL

NORTH GREENWICH PIER

NORTH GREENWICH STATION & BUS TERMINAL

WINTER GARDEN

The various water sports pavilions will be iconic in design, therefore allowing users of the site to recognise that these points provide information and facilities for the various water sports and activities. The swimming pool pavilions will provide essential facilities for swimmers such a changing rooms, lockers and small retail and refreshment outlets.

MORDEN WHARF

SWIMMING POOL LONDON CRUISE TERMINAL

Overlooking the wave garden surf lagoon, the surf centre is a large pavilion for spectators and users of the facility. Surrounding sun decks allow for outdoor food and beverage facilities, as well as space for groups to meet for lessons. The centre will become a hub for this style of artificial wave surfing not just in London but for the whole of South East England.

ENDERBY'S WHARF

EXHIBITION CENTRE GALLERY & CLIPPER STOP

KAYAK CENTRE

Another landmark feature, the Exhibition Centre links directly HOTELplaza. SURF LAGOONcentre will allow to an outdoor exhibition and events The for multiple types of exhibitions and installations, as wellGREENWICH as GAS CYLINDER O2 ARENA WETLAND space for events and conventions. Overlooking the river, the MARINA < TO CANARY WHARF building will& once again allow opportunities for any retail or food WOOD WHARF and beverage outlets, adding to the array of possible leisure NORTH GREENWICH STATION & BUS BIRD ISLAND TERMINAL activities alongWINTER theGARDEN project site. BIRD WATCHING AND WETLAND CENTRE

BIRD ISLAND BIRD WATCHING AND WETLAND CENTRE

KAYAK CENTRE Similarly to the other waster sports centres, the Kayak Centre NODES: facilities for kayak and canoe users. The centre willACTIVITY provide willTransport haveHubequipment and instructors available for lessons, and Water Activity further information. Changeable Event Space Constant Attraction Existing Attraction

SWIMMING POOL FISHING CHANNEL

SWIMMING POOL

KEY PEDESTRIAN LINKS

MARINA HOUSE

FISHING CHANNEL

SWIMMING POOL

GALLERY & CLIPPER STOP

Celebrating theSTOP sites industrial past, the skeletal frames of the GALLERY & CLIPPER Morden wharf buildings will create an iconic and compelling space. Adjacent to the park, a swimming pool and fishing channel within the structures will create a completely unique SURF LAGOON experience for users of the waterways. There is opportunity for GREENWICH GAS CYLINDER the frames to become flexible and provide shelter at chosen WETLAND points, however, the frames will have a greater impact when left NORTH GREENWICH PIERas a frame like structure.

KAYAK CENTRE LONDON CRUISE TERMINAL ENDERBY'S WHARF LONDON CRUISE TERMINAL

Situated centrally within the marina area this building will become a recognised hub for boat and sailing clubs. The building could provide alternative space for maritime conventions as well as retail and refreshment outlets.

SURF LAGOON ENDERBY'S WHARF GREENWICH GAS CYLINDER WETLAND

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BUILT FORM

SWIMMING POOL

ROADS AND BRIDGES DESIGN CODE PEDESTRIAN BRIDGES 01. All pedestrian bridges must be at least 5m wide to allow for cycle and pedestrian access from either side 02. All bridges, except bridges over sluice gates, must be at least 2.5m above water edge to allow for activities in water below 03. The proposed bridge to the Isle of Dogs should be open at all times to the public, and lit at night

TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE

VEHICULAR BRIDGES 04. Where a road crosses over a water body, the same rule applies as foot bridge, the bridge must be at least 2.5m above the waters edge 05. Vehicular bridges must provide adjoining pedestrian routes 2.5m wide on one side,but preferably both ROADS 06. All road lanes are offset 2.5m from the road centre line 07. Roads are 5m wide 08. Cars have secondary priority at junctions, below cyclists and pedestrians 09. Roads must have clear zebra crossings, allowing free movement of pedestrians and cyclists 10. Speed limits are restricted to 20mph to ensure safety of local residents, and users of the site 11. Street parking is minimal, but if required, must be parallel to road and not intrusive of pedestrian thoroughfares 78

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The complex network of water bodies and mixed use development can only become a successful neighbourhood with a comprehensive transport and circulation network. The masterplan presumes the majority of vehicular parking will occur underground within building plots. The proposed road network of roads will provide access throughout the site, with the intention that vehicular transportation will be secondary to other transport options. The existing roads remain in the same position, however the project proposed the entrance to the Blackwall tunnel will be bought further south, allowing greater connectivity between the Blue Prints project site and east-west across the peninsular. In addition to the road system other infrastructures include multiple bridges across the water bodies, and a footbridge connecting the peninsular with Canary Wharf. This new link opens up the project site, and its surrounding attractions to the Isle of Dogs side of the river.

Existing Road Pedestrian Sluice Bridge BUILT FORM

New Boulevard

Vehicular Bridge Pedestrian Bridge

Water Taxi Pier

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LANDSCAPE

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LANDSCAPES

Bay Wharf Park

Waterfront Boulevards Terraced Gardens

Woodland Buffer

Pocket Parks

Bird Island Tidal Wetland

Foreshore

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TERRACED GARDENS Colourful terraces with linear strips of grasses and shrubs lead pedestrians up to the raised walkway leading to the new bridge. The terraces provide the perfect space for relaxing, and enjoying the south facing aspect and overlooking the water channels and river. The stepped design creates amphitheatre like seating, allowing users to gain height and overlook the various activities going on at water level.

POCKET PARKS Smaller parcels of landscaping creates more intimate spaces with seating, water features and colourful planting. These pocket parks are dotted throughout the site, adding to the web of different scaled spaces within the project site. These spaces are more likely to be used by local residents for more tranquil activities, away from the active river front plazas.

WATERFRONT BOULEVARDS

Water edges are spaces for pedestrian and cycle movement, yet are also wide enough to accommodate spaces for relaxation, with seating and spaces for observing water activities

Mounded landforms seeded with swathes of meadow grasses and flowers create a colourful and contrasting space from the more formal layout of the neighbourhood. The mounds are formed from left over earth cut out from the water bodies and wetland. Meandering pathways between the mounds make for secluded spaces whilst the mounds introduce a new topography to the site. The slopes provide the opportunity to gain height, accentuating the panoramic views towards the Isle of Dogs, around to the Greenwich Power Station, Gas Cylinder and O2 arena, as well as views across the wetland.

BIRD ISLAND A specially created island, inaccessible to humans creates a quiet home for nesting birds. Opportunities for bird watching from the nearby pavilion enhances awareness and the opportunity to study bird species in the area.

FORESHORE A valuable existing open space for recreational activities such as fishing, metal detecting, scavenger hunting, dog walking and exploring.

WOODLAND BUFFER Naturalistic sweeps of woodland trees provide a visual and sound buffer to adjacent motorway traffic. Woodland shelters the synthetic beach area and creates stunning seasonal backdrop to surfing lagoon.

TIDAL WETLAND Accentuating a historical breach in the river wall, the river edge has been pushed inland to create a terraced wetland habitat. Marginal and submerged plant species creates beautiful displays throughout the year, and increase opportunities for wildlife along the urban river banks. This area will be inaccessible directly to humans, to allow for natural processes to take over.

LANDSCAPE

Colourful lines of trees surrounding water bodies soften the space between water edge and surrounding buildings. The seasonal change of the trees creates a dynamic and ever changing spectacle, accentuated by trees reflection in the water bodies.

BAY WHARF PARK

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RIVER FRONT PLAZAS

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A series of interconnecting spaces, the river front is an active route acting as the main vein for the project. The space is an interconnecting series of squares, allowing multiple uses and activities. These flexible plazas provide the essential space to establish community hubs, as well as a vibrant and dynamic destination for visitors and tourists. Running over the water bodies, a series of pedestrian sluice gate bridges ensure connectivity from north to south as well as incorporating pedestrian traffic from other spaces around the site. The shape of the river edge allows for maximum functionality and use of the plazas, whilst at the same time allowing users to experience a unique journey as the route zigzags, the user will experience different scales of landscape, and glimpses down the different water bodies and boulevards as they are crossed. The series of spaces provide opportunity for organised events such as street food markets, exhibitions, public art and other public events, the programme will ensure seasonal interest, and attraction for surrounding residents as well as visitors. LANDSCAPE

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Exhibitions & Art Family Events Games

Street Market

Performance Space

CafĂ¨ & Terrace Exhibtion Centre Winter Garden

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Cycle Path

RIVERFRONT PLAZAS DESIGN CODE 01. The riverfront plazas are a series of spaces or events and activities, creating a vibrant and active waterfront 02. The plazas are multi-purpose spaces which allow for various events exhibitions and installations including: street food markets, performances, photography exhibitions, public art and sculpture, pop up shops, vintage markets, seasonal markets, ice rinks, climbing walls & music concerts 03. Programming for the plazas must be diverse and engaging, encouraging residents from nearby developments, as well as tourists, and must seek to provide for all user groups 04. Seasonal, monthly, weekly, and daily programmes should be in place to ensure an ever-changing active waterfront edge 05. Public art should be strongly encouraged, being mindful of potential consequences of art involving sound, light or anything that may be deemed a nuisance 06. Event organisers should consider the opinions and views of local people, as well as visitors, adjusting event schedules to suit environmental, and social needs. 07. Event organisers should consider perpendicular and intersecting routes and views onto the plazas when planning an event, ensuring waterfront plazas draw people in from the peninsula as well as from North to South. LANDSCAPE

08. Organisers should be considerate and respectful of local businesses, being mindful of potential conflicts of interest. 09. A clear route for cyclists must be available at all time, and under no circumstances should a clear cycle route be obstructed by an event or exhibit.

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RIVERFRONT PLAZAS

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LANDSCAPE

WATER BODIES

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LANDSCAPE

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Waterfront Boulevard TYPICAL SECTION THROUGH NEIGHBOURHOOD

Waterfront Boulevard

Pedestrian Bridg

SECTION NORTH TO SOUTH

O2 Arena Pedestrian Bridge

Winter Garden

Riverfront

Pedestrian Bridge

Winter Garden

Riverfront

Marina O2 Arena

Marina 92

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Water Body

Riverfront Plaza

Winter Garden

Sluice Bridge

Water Body

Riverfront Plaza Sluice Bridge

Green Roofs

t Plazas

Green Roofs

Mean Low Tide

Winter Garden

Mean High Tide

Mean Low Tide

LANDSCAPE

t Plazas

Mean High Tide

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WATERFRONT BOULEVARDS

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The waterfront boulevards include the majority of the public realm space around the site. These spaces will act as routes for pedestrians, cyclists and minimal vehicles, allowing for easy access around the site. Although set in a rough grid system, the network of boulevards is unique, with angular corners to create elements of surprise within the landscape. Upon initial approach from the main road users will not immediately see the river, yet when turning the corner will be faced with expansive views towards the riverfront plazas and views beyond. Colourful lines of trees surrounding water bodies soften the space between water edge and surrounding buildings. Seasonal change of the trees creates a dynamic and ever changing spectacle, accentuated by trees reflection in the water bodies. Water edges are spaces for pedestrian and cycle movement, yet are also wide enough to accommodate spaces for relaxation, with seating and spaces observing water activities. The boulevards will become veins of activity, with ground floors of buildings becoming shops, cafĂŠs and restaurants to help encourage people to spread amongst the site.

LANDSCAPE

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Zebra Crossing Active Frontages

Retention Channel

Pocket Park Pedestrian Boulevard

Water Body

Mixed Use Development

Road

Cycle Path

Sluice Gate

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WATERFRONT BOULEVARD DESIGN CODE 01. Waterfront Boulevards must be a minimum of 6m wide from the edge of the water body to the road or building 02. Pedestrian boulevards should be tree lined where appropriate to provide shade, and break up the surrounding hard surfaces 03. Water offset areas must be kept to the highest standard, and landscape maintenance must ensure water-bodies are kept clear of any obstructions 04. The boulevards must have clear distinction between pedestrian, cycle and vehicular zones 05. Zebra crossings must be in place at all pedestrian junctions, giving priority to pedestrians at all times 06. Cycle storage should be made available for every 1 person living on site 07. A cycle hire scheme should be implemented, encouraging residents to cycle, and teaching basic road safety to those who wish to hire a bicycle 08. Clear signage should be in place to help pedestrians navigate the site LANDSCAPE

09. The boulevards should be named (not numbered) with names relating to the sites historical past. (i.e. Telegraph Walk or Delta Way)

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WATERFRONT BOULEVARD

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LANDSCAPE

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CONCLUSION

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CONCLUSION

The document that has been presented set out to provide a solution to the existing trend in urban waterfront developments. The project aimed to proposing a masterplan which would become a fairer, more creative and innovative way to establish neighbourhoods along the River Thames as well as other cities. There are many factors which the design cannot control, such as the possible value of real estate within the project site. However, the proposed reduction of hierarchy from river front - inland development could perhaps reduce the existing trend where developers make the most profit from ‘luxury river front views’. The Blue Prints project spread the ‘luxury’ more evenly across the site, creating a situation where there is choice, and everyone has access and views to the water, creating a more inclusive neighbourhood. Parallel to this, the project has provided solutions to the existing site conditions. A site which has been left after an industrial surge, to become disconnected and isolated from the surrounding hubs of Greenwich, the O2 and Canary Wharf. The site needed to be reconnected in all directions, to bring people to the site and away from it. The project needed to incorporate innovative solutions to integrate it into the existing neighbourhoods on the peninsular, whist establishing a destination for itself. The project is a dynamic network of boulevards, plazas, pocket parks and waterbodies, all of which form to create a system which works together creating a vibrant series of spaces and landscapes.

The built form within the project has a rough set of guidelines, with the intention that this document will be provided to an architect to design appropriately the multi-use buildings, pavilions and structures around the site. This is flexible, and although the massing has already been determined, it has been difficult to envision how the site will actually look when the buildings have been specifically designed. Overall, the masterplan has addressed the issues relating to the existing site conditions as well as proposing a solution towards other agendas as discussed before. The masterplan not been able to address all of the complex issues fully, however it is hoped that the overall ethos of the project has been set out within this document. No one factor has been addressed fully, but similarly to the issues discussed above, it would be difficult to choose one factor which prioritises another. Therefore, the project as is stands can only be used as a guideline, or template. Ideally the project should be taken forward and be built upon by a team of experts; a landscape architect, architect, urban designer, road engineer, water engineer, ecologist, determining how the project could work more specifically. Unfortunately this is not the case, but it is hope that the project can act as an extremely useful tool if that next stage did exist.

CONCLUSION

Working with moving processes such as tides, rainfall and water from the design stage has lead to a project which is flexible and adaptable. The sluice and waterbody system can be used for pleasure and function as part of a wider water management plan. The systems which have created the water network are already in place around London, inspired by the docklands, and the historical systems of ditches and sluices which once controlled water across the whole peninsular. Water has been a constant factor influencing the site, and the Blue Prints masterplan aims to continue to address the issues relating the management of water on the site from a more innovative and rounded approach.

The design guidelines have been set, in the aim of influencing some of the future management and programming decisions for the site. These guidelines portray the ideal outcome of the project, however it is understood that without further design resolution it is difficult to envision whether these guidelines will eventually become the project. The project does lack an element of materiality, and further explanation of how the site will look and feel, the visualisations for the areas do not address specific details which will be needed to take the project further. Although this is never what the project set out to do, it would be beneficial to explore areas in more detail. Because of the large scale of the masterplan, it would have been hard to determine and prioritise which areas should be looked at first, especially as there is no one design feature which is more important as the other, everything works together as a whole.

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CONCLUSION

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REFERENCES

IMAGES

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Image 2: Average Rainfall London [Chart]. Available at: http://www. worldweatheronline.com/London-weather-averages/City-Of-LondonGreater-London/GB.aspx (Accessed August 2015) Image 3: Peninsula West Masterplan [Diagram]. Peninsula West Masterplan SPD DRAFT (February 2012) Lifschutz Davidson Sandilands. Images 4-6 Royal Neighbour Project {images}. Available at: http://landarchs.com/ new-neighborhood-in-stockholm-to-foster-sustainable-development/ (Accessed August 2015) Images 7-9 Concretization Masterplan [Images]. Available at: http://www.dreiseitl. com/index.php?id=79&lang=en (Accessed August 2015)