Architectural Design Studio Air
374511 Nara Park
Contents 1.0 Case for Innovation 2.0 Expression of Interest 3.0 Wydham City Gateway Project
1.0 Case of Innovation
I’m Nara Park. I’m from South Korea. I’m doing Bachelor of Environment. Although I have experienced using sketchup for ADS Water and Rhino for Visual Communication, I’m not very good at them.
Architectural Design Studio: Water - Boathouse The design was produced for Architectural Design Studio: Water. The project was intended to create a boathouse according to a method of a selected architect, Le Corbusier. I thought that the most interesting feature of the site is the surrounding natural environment, river in front and rock hill behind. The design mainly focus on visual experience in the site. The long corridor in the ground floor allows to see the scenery of river and an oppsite bank. The rhythmical pattern of a large window in the west facade allows visitors to enjoy seeing rock hill in the west. The ribbon window in the first floor provides panoramic view of scenery. According to ‘Architecture and Visual Culture’, I mainly regarded architecture as experience, which allows to enjoy local features
interior of Kanak Great House
Structural solution of curved facade
TJIBAOU CULTURAL CENTRE | New Caledonia |RENZO PIANO I like this building because I’m recently interested in an architectural approach, which presents vernacular architecture with advanced technology. Renzo Piano was clearly inspired by local tribe, Kanak’s Great House. Simple timber-straw structure of Kanak has transformed by Piano to timber-steel structure which can be seen weaving patterns of Kanak house. The architect’s imitation of local architecture did not stay at simple employment of patterns of its structrue. He solved structural problem in windy area like the site with local architecture (Irwin, 2011). The concave shape of the building which was inspired by Kanak House helps the structure to stand up against strong sea wind. This shows that studying vernacular architecture not only teaches us asthetics of local art but it also gives us solutions to endure local environment. In addition, this building is a good example of architectural discourse ‘architecture as symbol’. This building was commissioned by French government which tries to concilate its oversea terriotory. The name Tjibauo comes from a name of leader the independence movement so the centre represents culture and independency of Noumea. To sum up, the building shows benefits of studying vernacular architecture and an example of symbolised architecture.
Lotte Buyeo Resort | Buyeo | Seunghoi Kim and Wonphil Kang
Lotte Buyeo Resort: http://www.designersparty.com/entry/Lotte-Resort-Buyoe-Seunghoy-Kim-Wonphil-Kang
Louvres in the facade
Stone and brick wall of the palace
Tile pattern of Baekje
Perspective drawing
I like this building because it gives us a new idea of manipulating traditional architecture. The resort is located in Buyeo, which was a capital city of Korean ancient country, Baekje. Its architecture has not been discovered much. Since the site is in front of Baekje’s palace, the architects tried to represent the country’s culture and architecture with the resort. However, lack of information on its architecture, they couldn’t help but create a new type of architecture. Unlike other Korean traditional buildings, it has round plan, which, i think, was inspired by Baekje’s drawings. Moreover, the polychrome louvres in the facade of modern building were inspired the brick wall patterns in the palace. This building shows that using local architecture is not simply copying them but regenerating new image of its culture. In spite of its creativity, the building has some unseen problems. First of all, since the building is in front of Baekje’s palace and it has in a traditional form of architecture, it may mislead people to its architecture. As mensioned, round plan buildings have not been discovered in Korea but the building’s clear relation to the palace, people may believe that round plan building was common type of Baekje’s architecture. Moreover, while polychrome louveres create interesting patterns, they are not functionally useful. personally I don’t like architectural elements which are not functional although they are aesthetic. Nevertheless of its shortages, the building shows a good example of architecture which have people experience its culture and art.
Flight Assembled Architecture
Benefits of Computational Design Development in computer has influenced improvement of architectural design process. After all, architectural computing programs allow reducing time and budget to create and modifying design. Unlike a physical model, which is spent a lot of time to remake or modify, 3D parametric software allows architects to more easily modify models because all elements of a model are linked with mathematical equation. In addition, communication between participants has become easier and faster with development of computer programs. Building Information Modelling (BIM) allows participants to share their knowledge, consequently it leads the project to a better result. (Autodesk, 2011) Moreover, 3D modelling programs such as Rhino, 3D Max and Sketchup allow Architects to provide virtual image of their building so customers more easily understand how their builings will look like. At last, computer programs provide creativity with ability to draw most of curves. Limitation on drawing curve was restricted by construction difficulty, however, digital software, such as CAD, helps architects and practitionst to create formly unavailable mathematical geometry. (Glen, 2004) The role of computation in architecture has expanded to a variety of fields such as manufacturing and construction. Although constructional technology is in progress, it still shows possibilities that machine will replace human in a dangerous construction site such as building skyscapers. One of cutting edge computing construction method is flight assembled architecture. The technology was designed by Swiss architects Gramazio & Kohler with an engineering help of ETH Zurich. They created a group of levitating robots which carry bricks and place them in programed locations. Although the new techonology has a lot of limitations such as weight of materials, budget and time and difficulty in programing construction process, accurancy of construction will significantly increase.
Detail of roof tiles
CNC mill and mold machine
Museum of Cultures | Basel | Herzog & de Meuron The buildng is surrounded by brick roof tile houses, which architects regarded as main character of the site. To distinguish the museum from the surrounding buildings with preserving the local character, Herzog & de Meuron chose to use iridescent ceramic roof tiles. To maximise the iridescent effect of the ceramic tiles, the architects intended to irregularly fold tiles. They use CNC mill and mold machine to achieve those folded tiles. The machine reduces time and space to produce repeatable work process. Unlike 2D laser cutting machine, CNC mill and mold allows producing volumic models with 3D modelling programs. In addition, the machine produce more accurate and less error products with computer programs. In spite of its advantages there are some drawbacks which lead to restriction to use the machine. First of all, limitation of materials is a huge problem with the machine. Moreover, the machine is costly and its maintenance is difficult and expensive. Furthermore, ventilation system is compulsory because it may produe toxic gases during the production. For the iridescent tiles, CNC mill and mold machine is the best choice to maximise the effect but there are some restrictions to use it so materials and forms should be carefully chosen to present the problems.
Plasti(k) Pavilion | St Louis | TheVeryMany Although panels should be combined by human hands, I like this parametric structure due to the technique, which deals with materials and patterns. The pavilion is entirely constructed in thermoplastic, which can be easily bent by heat. The plastic panels are cut by CNC laser cutting machine according to computer drawing program. This process is much faster than manual labour. In spite of reduction of time and space for production, this process has several problems. First of all, there is limitation of materials. The machine cannot cut too thick or reflective materials such as copper and aluminium. In addition, toxic gasese may be produced during production. At last, this is not environmental-friendly due to huge energy consumption. After creating a pieces of panels, these planer panels are transformed into bent ones by thermoforming machine. This machine can only bend plastic therefore there is also limitation of materials. While it can generate accurate shapes designers want, it often spends more time than other method such as injection molding. Furthemore, it is not efficient to reduce energy consumption and material. The machine consumes up to 50% more energy and 10 t0 20% more plastic. Nevertheless there are shortcomings in the process, the machines give us more possibliities to produce interesting shapes and forms. Moreover, it can reduce possible errors, generated by human forces. Although limitation in materials is a huge problem, the pavilion sucessfully solves its limitation by using best material which enhances the process.
CNC laser cutting machine
Thermoforming machine
Forming prototype
2.0 Expression of Interest
Parametric Journey So Far... My understanding of parametric design has widened, comparing to the beginning of this semester. Although I do not like computer generating design, parametric design through Grasshopper has attracted me a lot. I stilll do not like some of Grasshopper components such as ‘Voronoi’ because there are not much things to do for me to create patterns although the patterns are interesting and attractive. Except for some components, I think Grasshopper gives us more and better opportunities to create interesting forms and shapes. Controlling every elements by changing values of number slider allows us to create accidental design. Although now I like the concept of parametric design, there are some reasons which make me unwilllingly use the parametric design process. The main reason is that parametric design seems to too much focus on createing interesting patterns and shape rather thinking of comfortable and functional space. Personally I hope to learn the relationship between space and parametric patterns throught the rest of semeter.
Case Study: Structure Our group, Nara, Karl and Elliot, has decided to choose structural approach for Wyndham city gateway project. There are a number of reasons why structural approach is the most suitable for the site and the project. Firstly, structure helps to support Wyndham city’s development principle, ecologically sustainable development. Structure itself forms patterns therefore extra façade and patterns are not necessary to produce. It consequently reduces in waste of materials. Moreover structure is relatively easy for maintenance. Secondly, due to the character of the site, the project has to mainly focus on visual effects. Structural sculpture can easily create shade effect, which can generate different atmosphere in open space like the site. These visual experiences with structural sculpture can help to create iconic image of the project. Lastly, our group has intended to use aboriginal drawings and tools to generate structural sculpture. There are a number of structural examples, which are inspired by aboriginal art and tools. The most familiar building in Melbourne is Webb Bridge in Dockland. The structrual bridge is clearly inspired by aboriginal fish trap. The bridge shows that simple patterns of aboriginal tools and art can generate attractive architecture by manipulating their design elements. In conclusion, structural sculpture is the best choice for the Gateway project for financial, ecological and empirical reasons.
Webb Bridge at Dockland
Aboriginal Fish Trap
Case Study 1.0 : Webb Bridge Webb Bridge is a perfect example for our group, who is trying to create structural sculpture using aborigina art and tools. The bridge was clearly inspired by aboriginal fish trap. With the location of the bridge, it works pretty well as symbol of aboriginal culture in the Yarra River. The most difficult process of making Grasshopper model is create a random pattern of joints between structures. The joints were created by joining two points in different arches. If the points were simply produced by using ‘Divide Curve’ components, the joints look regular patterns so it does not look like the original building. To accomplish the irregular patterns of joints, we used ‘evaluate curve’ and ‘random’ components. Although the overall shape of bridge was generated with Graph Mapper component, the component is qutie difficult to produe accurate and control the shape. Therefore, we need to look up a better way to control shape of the bridge.
Drawing a curve and reference it to Grasshopper. This curve will decide an overall plan shape of the model as a path of the bridge.
1. Drawing a curve Dividing the curve with ‘perp frames’. It creates a number of planes which are perpendacular to the curve and will become base planes for ribs of the bridges. Plane numbers indicates rib number of the briges.
2. Dividing the curve With the plane, drawing a number of arcs, having different radius. The radius is controlled by Graphic mapper.
3. Drawing arcs Creating a number of points on arcs with ‘evaluate curve’. ‘Random’ applies to create points irregularly.
4. Creating points on the arcs Connecting points using ‘Line’ components. Points were produced by random so the points are not in a row therefore it creates diagonal lines.
5. Connecting points
Move and Series
Rotate arches
Case Study 2.0 : South Pond by Studio Gang Our group’s case study building is South Pond pavilion by Studio Gang. We chose this building because this pavilion shows how simple structure creates an interesting patterns and space. The building can be simply divided into two parts: timber structure and opaque surface. The structural part creates eye-catching patterns and the opaque surface part blocks sunlight so the building produces shade for users. The surface does not cover entire pavilion. Eye level of the structure is open to see through so it acts as frames to see through. The pavilion can be produced with Grasshopper by producing a row of structure and copying and pasting it in rows. The surface part can be made by rotating half of structural lines.
Grasshopper Model
Front Elevation
Side Elevation
Perspective 1
Perspective 2
Above images are what our group has produced for case study 2.0. The shape of structure is almost same as the case study pavilion although opaque surfaces on the structure are slightly different from the original building. Although the case study pavilion has fixed form of structure, our group has made the model can change the shape of structure and consequently the surface shape as well. The reason why the surface has slightly different shape form the original is we simply rotated structural lines rather than created a number of line and loft them. One of the main shortages of our model was that it takes too much time to produce. After the Week6 Tutorial, we found easier method to create the model using ‘Map to Surface’ component. Nevertheless, this case study helps us to better understand grasshopper components and to find new useful components and difficulty in some components such as ‘Offset curves’. Unlike our simple thoughts on these components, they have some limitation and conditions to use them. Understanding these shortages of the components has helped us to understand and use vector components. However, for the next stage we are gonna ignore these new knowledge of vector. Rather, we will focus on using ‘Map to Surface’ component to reduce time.
Process of Recreating Case Study 2.0 Draw an arch on XZ plane. This arch decides the size of structure. 1. Draw an arch
Draw two more arches which have the same size with the former arch. 2. Draw two more arches
Extend the middle arch. The middle arch must be extended to draw basic shape of structure. 3. Extend a centre arch
After creating points, using ‘Divide Curve’, join points using ‘arc’ component. These strucrual arches are half of structure. 4. Create points on the arches
Mirror the structural arches to complete shape of structure
5. Mirror the curves
6. Increase Radius of base curves
Create a bigger structure arches by increasing size of basic arches. (This process can be easier if you understand ‘Offset’ component. Our group guessed the component did not work properly due to our lack of understanding of vector.)
Loft two group of curves. The distance of two groups of arches relates to the thickness of materials. 7. Create series of structure
This group of arches are shorter than strucutral arches due to the surfaces do not cover all over the structure. To select specific arches from structural arches, we have used ‘Cull’ component. 8. Select arches to create surfaces
Create surfaces by revolutioning above arches. Domain of revolution is 180.
9. Create surfaces with Revolution
Using ‘Move’ and ‘Series’ components, create a series of surfaces.
10. Create a series of surfaces
Combine structures and surfaces.
11. Add them to structure
Matrix With this exercise, our group wanted to know how pattrens look like in different surface. Unlike case study 2.0, we used ‘Map to surface’ component so we could reduce time to produce patterns and to apply them into surface. First pattern was simply employed from the case study building. The follows two patterns are simple modification of case study but in relation to density of patterns, these patterns look total different from the case study pattern. Next five patterns are simple copies of aboriginal Possum skin patterns. Our group project goal is to enhance and re-generate aboriginal culture in the site due to historical background therefore we imitated a number of aboriginal patterns and applied them into some surfaces. All the aboriginal patterns we selected are interesting and eye-catching but some of patterns have structural problem. For instance, aboriginal pattern 5 in the Matrix is structurally impossible to construct. The last pattern was created by image simpler. Although unlike other patterns which we could control all the element, we cannot control the last pattern but we wanted to examine a different way to produce patterns. Our group did not choose best pattern because we have tried to make a number of small sculptures. Therefore we have priorly focused on the density change in different surface rather than choice of best pattern. We also wanted to examine shade effect of the patterns in difference surfaces but no one knows how to use rendering programs so we could not examine it.
Patterns Surfaces
Flat
Case study surface
Screen
Box
Distort
Case Study Pattern
Case Study modification 1
Case Study modification 2
Aboriginal pattern 1
Aboriginal pattern 2
Aboriginal pattern 3
Aboriginal pattern 4
Aboriginal pattern 5
Leopard pattern with image sampler
Expression of Interest Presentation
Dynamism of A Car 1910, Marinetti
Italian Futurism & Gateway Project Italian futurist painters tried to visualise speed and movement. The concept of visualisation of speed and movement fits to character of Gateway Project site. The main users of the site are automobile drivers who experince the speed of 100km/h. Our group tries to visually enhance their speed experience with a number of sculptures. At this stage we have simply imitated the concept of above painting by Marinetti. We create a number of panels which at the beginning folded panels are eventually straight up. In addition, patterns of the structure eventually become less dense. This alteration shows drivers images of speed-up. The visual effect of sculpture will be different according to the speed of audiences.
Possum Skin Cloak
Aboriginal Art & Gateway Project Historically the Werribee River was used as a boundary of two different aboriginal tribes, Wuiwurong and Wothowurong. According to the guildline of the project, the council has wanted to construct sculptures which can represent municipal characters. Therefore our group has decided to employ patterns of possum skin paintings. These paintings show aboriginal understanding of geographical characteristics of their territory. Although we simply employed the patterns of the paintings for presentation model, we will do more research about meanings of patterns and will re-create patterns suitable for the current site situation.
Process of Making the Presentation Model Create a number of rectangles in XY Plane, using ‘Point XYZ’ and ‘Series’ components. This method allows controlling size of rectangles and distance between rectangles by changing value of number sliders. 01. Create a number of different heights of panels.
Mirror the rectangles, using top lines of them as axises. Althogh all the elements can be changeable, top rectangles are mirror images of bottom rectangles therefore creating different shapes is not available.
02. Mirror the panels, using top lines as axises.
Fold panels by moving location of middle lines (formerly top lines). ‘Move’ component is connected to ‘Series’ component, therefore we can generate different value of folding throughout panels.
03. Fold the panels by moving middle lines.
Rotate panels individually. Different value of rotation also can be achieved by using ‘Series’ component.
04. Rotate the panels
Apply patterns, we made for the matrix, to panels.
05. Apply patterns into the panels.
Extrude lines in panels to show the thickness of materials. The panels have been rotated so we need to know vector value of each panels. Using ‘Vector Unit’ component to generate same thickness of materials.
06. Extrude surface.
MIrror the structure using YZ plane as axis plane.
07. Mirror the structures.
TOP VIEW OF THE SCULPTURES
PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF THE SCULPTURES
Proposal Our proposal for the Gateway project is to create image of speed, using indigenous patterns. To visualise speed and movement, we employed the concept of Marinetti’s Dynanism of A Car. A series of images which start from folded forms to unfolded form visualise change of speed. With the speed of users in their cars, the visual effect of speed will be enhanced. Structure of the sculpture imitated patterns of possum skin cloak of aboriginal tribe Wathawurong who used to live in Werribee region. We tried to express the history of the site with the aboriginal patterns and to regenerate destroyed culture since European arrival. Aborigin’s simple drawing patterns help us to produce structural system of the sculpture.
Case Strudy 2.0
Matrix and Presentation model
Development of Grasshopper Technique Throughout the first half of the semester, our group has been struggling to choose between time reduction and accuracy of model. When we made the South Pond Pavilion, we produced the model by createing individual structures. This process benefits to create accurate model and to control all the elements of the model while it took a lot of time to produce the model. After week5, we found easier way to produce the model by using ‘Map to Surface’ component. This component reduced enormous time for making the model. However, the component is not perfect. Sometimes the component does not work with certain surfacs which we have not figured out why it does not work with. Moreover, it is difficult to produce a precise model. We were oftern unavialable to presume what shape will be produced with the component. In spite of some disadvantages of the component we have generated our model with the component because it is convenient and gives us more alternative forms of structure. Nevertheless ‘Map to Surface’ component is convenient and reduces time to produce digital model, we still need to study the component to produce accurate model.
Process of Model Making Unfornately, our group did not record our process of model making. We divided our model into two parts; structrues(patterns) and spines(supporting the structures) At the start of the design process, we intended to produce self-supporting sculptures, however, our model was too week to support themselves so we added spines to stablise the structures. After making digital model using Grasshopper, we simply projected patterns of structures into XY plane while spines were placed on the the plane through rotation. These two different process made a problem when we assembled structrues and spines. Since the structures are tilted if we projects the structures onto XY plane the size of structures becomes shortened. We solved the length difference problem by cutting out part of spines. We used box board for our model. The material is relatively cheap and strong enough to support themselves but during laser cut the material was burnt and produced soots on the surfaces. Moreover it was difficult dissemble our patterns from the board. We learned importance of materials through the experience.
Reflection
Further Development After EOI presentation, our group have found a number of shortages of our interim design. First of all, understanding advantages and disadvantages of 2D laser cut machine is essential for the final model. We were pointed out several shortages of our interim design during the presentation such as structrual simplity of our design. Some of shortages were due to our misunderstanding of laser cut machine capability. We could not find solutions to create more complex structure with the machine. For the final model we need to know whether the machine can produce our design or not. In addition, we need to find other ways to enhance our physical model. During early stage of journal I studied theromoforming machine. The machine can help us to extend our idea and to produce more advanced structural sculpture. Secondly, we need to derive from simple imitation of our inspiration. Our interim model too resembles the concept of the Italian futurist painting. To improve our design and to produce idea which can be approved by the customers, we have to generate our own idea of visualising speed and movement. On 18th of September, our group visited the project site and we found topographical character of the site. The site is not simple flat land but it has a small hill which block to see other side of the freeway. Our corrent idea does not fit into the site because we thought the site is flat so all the cars which head for both direction can see the sculptures. We should, therefore, think of design which can generate image of speed and suit the site. Lastly, we may need to simplify our idea. Main users, drivers, can pass the site within 30 seconds. They do not have much time to think of the meaning of the sculptures. Rather, they will only react to visual impact of the sculpture. Therefore our group needs to think of how to visually attract the drivers. The visual effect needs to corresponse to the development of advanced structure of the sculptures. Simple structure may be easy to produce and maintain but it has more possibilities become boring for users. More complex structure can attract audiences as well as express advanced technology as a symbom of Werribee. To sum up, our group design still needs more improvements and modifications for better design. Extra researches and more creative thoughts are necessary to complete our final model.
3.0 Wyndham City Gateway Project
Non Teching Period
01 Site Analysis Since our group has decided to present two aboriginal patterns, which represent two tribes in Melbourne and Werribee, we need to choose the location of our sculpture. During the site visiting, we tried to find geographical and topographical characteristics of the site as well as features of surrounding environment.
Characteristics of Site B Obstacle
Height of the mound from patrol station to the site (photo by Elliot)
Mound: The most distinctive feature of the site is mound in the middle of the site. The mound is around 4 meters high. The mound is high enough to block drivers’ view to an opposite road. Although the mound does not occupy all the site, still it can be an obstacle for construction. Since excavation costs a lot, if we want to use the location of the mound we need to solve constructional and structural problems. Moreover, we have planned to build two different sculptures, which have different aboriginal patterns, we have to consider how to create the relationship between two sculptures over the mound. There is a possibility to make sculpture over the mound but the mound occupy quite large space over the site, it may raise cost of construction fee.
Possible location
Flat ground around the mound (Photo by Eillot)
Project Site: Site B We have selected site B for our project, which is in the middle of two highways, because the features of the site seem to relate to our project theme. As our project theme, that present two different tribes’ patterns, the site is surrounded by two highways, which head for different direction. Moreover, the highways have different profile. Highway in north boundary has a curved shape while the highway in the south has a relatively straight shape. These different shape of roads can be used to show different characters of the tribes.
Surroundings
Corola Field near the site (Photo by Eillot)
Flat ground around the mound: Although the main feature of the site B is the mound, there is flat ground around the mound. While the mound can be an obstacle to place sculpture, the flat ground gives us easier way to build our sculpture. However, according to Mebourne road regulation, the sculpture must be 5.5m away from the road, we need to make sure whether the flat ground is wide enought to locate our sculpture
Corola Field: Visually the approaches to the site can be divided into two. One is from Melbourne to Geelong, that drivers pass by grey urban area through Western Bridge and another is from Geelong to Melbourne, that drivers experience natural landscape of Melbourne suburbs. Corola field near the site B is the first noticeable natural landscape to drivers from Melbourne and the last natural landscpae to drivers from Geelong. The yellow flower may play an important role for our project, not only because of its distinctive colour but also because of relation to aboriginal colour. Aboriginal flag is composed of three coours, red, black and yellow. With this knowledge, the colour of flower can influence on our colour choice for the sculpture.
02 Improvement This process mainly focuses on how to improve our mid-term presentation model as well as how to develop our final design,
Problems of the former design
- Structural Problem
Spine
Since our gruop was inspired by parametric structural design, we have tried to design self-standing sculpture. However, our midterm design failed to stand alone because of materials and arrow shaped form. Therefore we added additional supporting structure to our design. Although the spine (supporting structure) helps the entire structure to stand, we need to consider how we can make our sculpture stand without additional supporting structure.
Perspective view
- Aesthetic Problem
Front view
Although this is a prototype design, the layout of patterns does not attract view. Change of density is not clear and since the sculpture is placed in parellel to the road, drivers may not see the pattern clearly while passengers can see them clearly. Moreover, we used four different patterns, viewers may not understand what we want to present. Geometrical patterns may give impression but the meaning of patterns is not clear to drivers. Therefore we need to use precis model we need to present and need to elaborate patterns to attract drivers.
Improvement: Box-type Sculpture Idea of Italian Futurist Since the idea of Italian Futurism suits the site condition, we keep the overall shape of the sculpture. However, we still need to improve the idea rather than simply employment of the futurist painting.
Italian Futurist Influence
Self-supporting structure To make self-supporting structure, we create ths hallow box-type structure. This structure can stand alone as well as can reduce material use. By connecting it to ground mass concrete, it can stand over the ground more firmly.
Hallow Box-type Structure
Layerd patterns Like the overall shape of the sculpture, we keep idea of change in density because this is another way to show the idea of Italian futurism, speed and movement. However, we change one layer of pattern to two or more layers. Layered patterns can create an interesting patterns like Jean Nouvel’s Louvre Museum in Abu Dhabi. However, depending on position of viewers, the patterns may not be clear due to the density of patterns. Perspective view of layered patterns
03 New Ideas Since our group has strong arguemtnet that represetn aboriginal pattern with the cculpture, rest of semester we will basically focus on how tto attract drivers. Therefore from now,, this journal initially explores visual schemes.
Further study on Italian Futurism
The Runner at Athen by Varotsos
The Runner | Costas Varotsos | Athen, Greece The sculpture clearly shows the influence of Italian futurism. It shows the movement and speed of runner. Movement and speed is visualised by vertical lines, created by thin layers of plates. Although the sculpture does not clearly show detail of the runner, because of obscurity, it enhances visual effect of speed and movement. However, our project theme is showing two aboriginal patterns which is not known to the publics. We need to find a way to clearly show the patterns if we use this method for our project. Another interesting thing is use of materials. The designer built the sculpture with discarded glass. Recyling materials may relate to our project site, not only because of ecological scheme of Wyndham. Use of materials can relate to history of the site as well. If Wyndham has blue stone quarres, we can use the materials to represent the stie althought material cost will be enormous.
analysis of a flight of seagull by Marey, 1887
Analysis of a flight of seagull | Etienne-Jules Marey | 1887 The French photographer’s sculpture shows visualisation of continuous movments. Although the sculpture mainly focuses on movement, we may enable to visualise speed by changing interval of movment. The sculpture basially shows movement of solid form so a problem with this method is how to show aboriginal patterns in accrodance with the movement. Simply we can superimpose aborginal patterns onto the wings. This design allows us to create three different views. Firstly, when drivers approach to the sculputre, they can see overall shape of the sculpture, which represents movenent. Secondly, when drivers pass under sculpture, they can see patterns in the wings as well as shadow effect through the patterns. Lastly, as a hidden view, arrangement of wings can show different view of the sculpture.
Paddle Pop Exploration Inspired by the bird sculpture, our group has explored visualisation of continuous movements with paddle pops and clay. The clay roughly show shows topographical profile of the site. This study relates to use of site contours.
Front view (approaching view)
North boundary elevation view (passing view)
South boundary elevation view (passing view)
First view: This view is only allowed to see when drivers are far away from the sculpture. Therefore, clearity of patterns is not important. Instead, division of panels must be clear. If colour of paddle pop is too dark or bright, the arrangement of paddle pop stick is not clear. Therefore, colour of material is important. Moreover, if the height different is not big, it also affect to see the arrangement of panels.
Second view: This view can be seen when drivers pass by the sculpture. South and north boundary has different arrangements of paddle pops, which represent cultural differences of two aboriginal tribes. The differences is represented not only by arrangement but also by different patterns on the paddle pops.
Hidden view: This view is allowed to see when people check the sculpture in navigation website. In the aerial view, the panels of the sculputre will be recognised as lines and planes. Clearity of patterns is not important for this view but orientation of panels can create additional aboriginal patterns since aboriginal patterns are composed of geometric shapes. Top View (aerial view)
Problems with paddle pop design - Cost of construction: Since the paddle pop panels are inserted into the mound, excavation is required. Excavation of the site will cost a lot. - Height and width differences of panels: The mound is roughly 4 meters high. The height of mound is relatively short to clearly show the approaching view. Depending on number and width of panels, the approaching front may be not interrupted by panels. - Angle of Panels: We mainly focus on showing aboriginal patterns on the panels. Angle of panels must be related to distance between panels and width of panel. Although the site is around 300 meters long, the mound is not as long as the site. The length of the mound may be long enough to intall panels.
Front view Exploration Matrix
Front view is related to thickness of panels. If panels are rotated, it also relates to the wide of panels. Position over the contour is also important. Since this view decides the first impression of the sculpture, the arrangement may need to represent or introduce patterns to viewers.
Elevation view Exploration Matrix
This view represent main theme of the sculpture, therefore aboriginal patterns will superimpose into the panels. With additional lines over the panel, sense of speed can be exaggerated.
Optical illusions
Optical illlustion methods are quite interesting methods to attract viewer’s attention. These method can attract drivers and bring to them curiosity of the patterns.
01 Mandela Sculpture - Image sampler design Mandenla | Marco Cianfanelli | Howick, South Africa Technique: The sculpture has different visual displays accroding to viewer’s position. This technique is accomplished with flat pieced images. The flat image can be seen in a certain direction. In other direction, the sculpture looks like a pile of spears. Construction: The pieced images can stand on the ground by attaching to spears. Although what we have studied is self-standing sculpture, because this sculpture uses thin materials, use of materials is less than other structure. In addition, this method has an advantage of conveying materials. Structure: Since the thickness of spears (supporting structures) should not interrupt the shape of image, they are made of thin steel columsn. Our project site is relatively a windy area therefore the thin column may not resist strong wind. Width of pieced images also influences width of columns. Grasshopper technique: The sculpture seems to use Grasshopper image sampler component. Improvement of the method Technique: The sculpture is used one side of column to generate image. If we can install more than two images in other sides of the columns, we can make more interesting sculpture, which changes appearance according to position of viewers. Strccuture: To resist strong wind, mass concrete foundation can be intalled under the ground. The mass concrete can help to resist wind. Possible problems of the method - Topography: Since the image is designed to be seen in one direction, the positon of sculpture may be restricted by topography of the site. - Obscurity of the image: Clearity of the image depends on distance between sculpture and viewer. Precise calculation of the relationship between distance and clearity of image is important.
Scanimation example
02 Scanimation - level 1 Two Dimensional Scanimation Technique: Scanimation is a method which creates moving images with simple screen (vertical bars) and fragmented images. This method is somehow related to the idea of bird sculpture. It mainly focuses on show movement. Unike the bird sculpture which shows a series of stop motions, scanimation actually show moving images. Construction and Structure: Since scanimation is a paper art method, we do not have reasonable structural analysis. However, apparently we can build the scanimation sculpture with Mandela sculpture constructional method. Screen and fragmented images can be made with thin materials. Grasshopper technique: The paper art is not generated by grasshopper. It can be made using Adobe photoshop or illustrator. With grasshopper, vertical bars can be easily generated while fragmented images is quite difficult unless we can find a way to produce a series of movments. Improvemtn of Scanimation Technique: Scanimation is composed of two components, moving screen and fragmented images. - Screen: While the case study example has simple vertical bars, we may be able to use other shapes of screen. In addition, we may enable to make some screens which head for different directions so they can generate different movements of images. - Fragmented images: Obscurity of fragmented images is the key point of the method. While the example uses monochromic images, colourful images can give viewers more impression.
This process has been studied with Adobe Photoshop since producing fragmented images takes too much time with grasshopper. Problems of Scanimation - Moving Screen: Although moving screen may give us further visual effect of design, it also acts as an initial obstacle for design. Since the moving images are generated when screen is moving, cost of moving screen in reality will be enormous. Therefore examination of fix screen is necessary to reduce cost of moving screen. - Speed of viewers: Clearity of moving images is related to speed of screen. If the screen is fixed in the ground in reality, we need to study the relationship between moving images and speed of viewers. - Gap between panels: Width of panels in the screen is strongly related to the number of moving images and gap between panels. Width of panel = gap between panels * (number of moving images - 1) The gap is only space to see the image. If the gap is too small in reality, drivers cannot see the images behind the screen due to their speed. If the gap is too big, the panels also become wider. The length of sculpture will enormously increase. Therefore proper number of moving images and proper gap between panels must be studied.
Exterior view of the brick building
Interior view
Graphic image of falling grapes
03 Vineyard Brick Building Gantenbein Winery | Gramaio & Kohler | Flasch, Switzerland Technique: The building has grape shape pattern, using rotated bricks. The basic idea is quite similar with that of our previous case study, Archi Union’s warehouse in Shanghai. The differences are while Archi Union produces abstract patterns, Swiss architects produce a general image. The vineyard brick building design is more useful for our project because we have tried to use aborignal pattern image. Another strength of this method is that it can generate an interesting light effect at night by installing light behide the structure. Construction: The architects used quite advanced technology to make the pattern with brick. They used a robotic machine, which carries bricks according to design data1. Assembled bricks is transported by lorry to the site. The method can reduce time to make patterns and can produce precise patterns. Grasshopper Technique: The architects produced the grape patterns after producing a series of images of falling grapes. Although the architects did not mention what program they used. the design can be generated with grasshopper as our previous case study model (Matrix). While we input a series of numbers to create a smooth rotation for the previous model, the design needs to use image sampler to rotate bricks.
Front view of Image sampler brick study
Perspective view
Design Scheme 1 Different design methods for different patterns Our current design scheme is use of different schemes for different patterns. So one of aboriginal patterns will be generated with rotating brick method while another one will be produced by using both scanimation and Mandela method (Image sampler). Since both of methods use vertical elements (spears and screen), it will be well harmonised together. Combination of scanimation and image sampler methods. The sculpture with Mandela method is visible when drivers approach to the site. As the first view of the sculpture, the method is used to intorduce the viewers what they will see when they are passing by the sculpture. When drivers pass by the sculpture, scanimation sculpture will show aboriginal patterns with movement. If the arrow screen works in 3D, it will exaggerate visualisation of speed with Italian Futurist method. Fragmented image will be hung to spears. One side of spears will show introducing image of aboriginal pattern while another side will show movement of the patterns. Additionally, as a hidden view, in an aerial view randomly spread-out spears will also generate a image related to the site. The image will be generated with pixel method. Brick structure can be installed over one side of mound. At night the brick pattern can create light effect with light behind the structure.
Development of design
Fragmented images of Leung’s design in a digital version
Leung’s coffee table design in reality
Scanimation - Level 2 3D scanimation in a small scale Since we undertood how to generate scanimation, we have explored whether scanimation works in 3D or not. With examining paper scanimation (watch 3D scanimation with paper in DVD), we saw possibility of 3D scanimation. Case study of 3D scanimation: Leung’s Coffee Table According to our research, there are not many examples of 3D scanimation. Only example we found is Leung’s Coffee Table design. Leung’s design basically follows the principle of 2D scanimation but we could still find differences between 2D and 3D scanimation. - While view of 2D scanimation is restricted by screen, 3D scanimation has wider view, which means that screen cannot properly confine a range of view anymore. Viewers can see part of other moving images through the gap between panels. - A range of sight is confined the gap between panels in 2D scanimation, while thichness of materials also affect the sight in 3D scanimation. Moreover the range of sight is changeable according to position of viewers and regularity of sight between panels is broken. - Clearity of moving images depends on speed of screen in 2D scanimation, while the clearity relies on speed of viewers. In a small scale, the speed of viewers does not make a critical problem, but in highway, there will be hugh difference between viewers’ speed.
optical illusion study 2
optical illusion study 3
Scanimation study in a big scale
Perspective view (optical illusion final)
Scanimation - Level 2 3D scanimation in a large scale Difficulties generated by scale The coffee table design is a quite small scaled scanimation design. It can easily generate movment with 2D scanimation method. However, the method cannot be allowed to larger scale 3D scanimation. - Size of the sculpture: If the sculpture is parellel to road, drivers cannot see all patterns in sculpture at once. Moreover, the acutal distance between panels are the same, visual gap become different, depending on position of viewers. - A range of view: Screen cannot control a range of view in 3D, viewers can see other part of movement, which affects clearity of movement. - Relationship between width of panel and gap between panels: In a large scaled 3D scanimation, the relationsihp between panels and their distance does not follow the exact rule as 2D scanimation. The rule keep changing, depending on viewer’s location and distance between screen and viewer. It makes exact calculation difficult.
Possible solutions of the difficulties - Smaller patterns: Rather than making a long pattern, by reducing size of pattern we can achieve the same effect of small scaled scanimation. - More movements: By adding more movements than 2D scanimation we can create more smoother movement in a larger scale. However, we have not figure out the rule yet. Initially we failed to generate moving images with scanimation.
Kempken’s paper sculpture (photo by Elliot)
Abbotsford Convent Open Studio Paper sculpture | Ralf Kempken | Abbortsfor Convent Technique: The paper sculpture is initially used the same method as Mandela sculpture. Unlike the steel sculpture, which is randomly spread out its segments, the paper image is divided into two groups. This simple division has two main advantages. Firstly, it can reduce construction cost by using less concrete base to take live and dead loads. Secondly, it allows wider range of view unlike Mandela sculpture. The wider range of view subsequently produces an interesting visual effect. That is, according to the position of viewers clearity of image is different like left images. Structure and Construction: Since the sculpture is made of paper, we cannot allow its method. However, we can allow the constructional and structural method of Mandela sculpture. Grasshopper Technique: Same as Mandela sculpture.
Study model using aboriginal pattern
Image Sampler Exploration (image sampler study 2)
this study mainly focuses on how to make a image which has two different shape according to view position.
Joy Division the idea of contour This sculpture can be placed over the mound with creating new contour in the site.
Reeds Inspired by UK pavilion in Shanghai. With flexible materials the sticks can be swayed by wind
Signal box Inspired by Herzog and de Meuron’s signal box small openings in the sulpture can create aboriginal pattern and with light at night, it may create interesting light effect.
Elongated Signal box since the site is approximately 300m and the car speed is around 100km/h, the sculpture must be long enough to be recognised by drivers.
Spears Examination whether the image sampler model can be displayed in curved surface. Roughly examined structural possibility of the sculpture.
Nautilus shell Combination of the ideas of spears and signal box Depending on how to arrange surfaces it creates interesting aeral view.
Italian Futurism Examination whether the spears idea can hormonise with the idea of italian futurist
Convent
Two layers of images creates one complete image. Individual layers can also show image but combination of the image can show more deailed image
Prototype Model studies Difference between digital and physical model
Top view
Front view
Joy Division Model persective
Scanimation Model persective
Prototype 1 Scanimation + Joy Division (Image Sampler) Our first prototype model is combination of scanimation and Joy division model. Joy division model is the first part of the sculpture, which introduces aboriginal patterns then second part of sculpture, scanimation model, shows movements of the patterns. Although the veriticality of both model are well harmonised and the different methods of optical illusion can attract viewer, this scheme has some problems, especially scanimation model. (Watch Prototype 1 video in DVD) Firstly, since we have yet solved visual problem with high speed, the movement is not clear yet. Moreover, as we have not figured out how to generate movement of aboriginal pattern, we do not know whether it works or not even with digital model yet. Therefore we produced alternative protype model to examine whether it works or not.
Prototype 2 Convent + Joy Division in arrow shape
Front view
Persective View
Top view of Convent Model
Top view of Joy division Model
Prototype 2 Physical Models
Physical model of Joy division in arrow shape Joy division model fails to show the aboriginal pattern. Unlike our digital model, indented lines are not clearly show the pattern. To reduce the size of each panel we reduces width of panels therefore we could not clearly show the indented lines. Moreover, arrow shape also interrupts clear view of the pattern.
Physical model of Convent model Unlike the Joy Division model, Convent model clearly show the pattern and the effect we tried to create. (watch prototype video in DVD) Moreover, two rows of panels create an unexpected effect, moire effect. In spite of succes in visual effect, the method also has a problem. The image is generated by width of panels and gap between them, colour harmony with surroundings are important. The upper part of the sculpture background by sky is diluted than bottom part, backgrounded by dark landscape.
Reflection of phyical models Although the model successes to show the pattern, the physical model gives us several topics to solve in reality. Firstly, although we simply glued the panels into the plate, in reality we have to find a way to make it stand. To solve this structural problem, concrete footing can be a solution. The foundation will be installed to support the panels. Secondly, since the site is a relatively windy area, we need to consider how to resist strong wind. We have thought a number of solution for this problem. One is that T-shaped beams can be installed behind the panel. Although this is quite reasonable decision, the beams of first layer may block the view to second layer of panels. Another is that traverse structure can be installed at the top of the panels. The additional structure has a shape of the aboriginal pattern. While it provides a hidden view of the sculpture, the structure may not enough to resist strong wind.
Constructional detail (Although this drawing for other part of sculpture, we aply the same method to make it stand )
Refinement Alternative idea, replacing failed methods
Signal box Signal box | Herzog & De Meuron | Basel, Switzerland Technique: The initial visual of effect of the building depends on bent louvres. The bent louvres, in one hand, allow to see through the behind structure, in another hand, they block to see. The design is also related to our previous image sampler studies, which change their patterns according to position of viewers. A range of sight relys on not only louvres but also position of viewer in the building.
Structure: Since the louvres play a major role of the design, how to support louvres is important. The architects support and form the bent louvres with small outstanding structural elements.
Grasshopper technique: Main problem with grasshopper design is how to create the bent louvres. Bent louvres can be made by using sweep components.
Signal box study 1 The first study model of signal box idea is developed from the idea of box-type structure. We simply added louvres onto the boxtype structures. Each structure has different angled louvres which gradually close the structure. In short, first structure is clearly seen through louvres but louvres gradually block to see structure behind and at final they completely block the structure. With this study model, we have found two improtant topics with the design. - Structure: Although we created a box-type structure for this study, the structure can be different shape. Depending on the form of structure, drivers perceive different visual impression. - Louvres: Louvres are a main element which decides visual impact. While we used short louvres, we can use long continuous louvres, connecting all structures. There are a number of ways to emphasis the louvres such as colour, material, etc.
Perspective
view
Perspective view of louvres
Top view of a louvre Structure
Louvres and structure
Signal box study 2 Structure (Aboriginal pattern) We used thick self-supporting structure for this study. Although this structure is strong enough to supprot weight of louvres, it costs a lot to make and it may have a problem with convey. Louvres The louvres are made by connecting points of structures’ edge lines at the same height. Since we apply Italian futurist method to the shape of structures, structures are folded. So the points at the same height are not in the same position in Y-axis. Consequently the louvres have wavy shapes. Our group reckon although the wavy louvres are interesting, they may have some problem during fabrication process. Since louvres end at edge lines of each structure, viewers can roughly see side of structure (aborigianl pattern). It may dilute visual effect of louvre lines.
Perspective view
Perspective view of louvres Top view of a louvre
Structure
Louvres and structure
Signal box study 3 Structure (Aboriginal pattern) We change the shape of the structure due to cost of material. While former shape emphasized surface of pattern, the new shape emphasizes outlines of pattern. It can reduce material use and make easy to be transported in reality. However, it creates some structural problems. Since patterns are produced with thin line structure, they can not stand alone. To support the pattern, we design an additional structure, which is employed from the idea of box- type structure. Louvres Since the wavy shape of louvres may produce a problem of fabrication, we generate straigh louvres by connecting points of structures’ left edge at the same height. Furthemore, to hide view of structure side surface and for smooth transition between structures, we add extra louvres over the top of structures.
Finalising ideas
Combining ideas Our final idea is a combination of Signal Box model and Joy Divisiion model. Since transition of horizontality of louvres and verticality of Joy Division model is too sudden, we add an transiton structure between above two model. The transition structure is simply shaped in rectangular box. A series of rectangular boxes, whose widthes gradually decrease from width of structure of Signal Box to that of panels in Joy Division model.
Narrative With the combination of three sculpture we try to create a narrative of aborigianl history of the site. Fade-out image of aboriginal pattern in Signal box model represents fall of aboriginal culture. Monochromc transitional model depicts dark age of aboriginal cuture while Joy Divisiono model represents revival of the culture with our project model.
Wurundjeri Tribe pattern Since we decided to use aboriginal patterns for our project, we have been helped by a number of people and organisation, such as Koorie Musuem and Narana cultural centre. Among them Uncle Gavin from Narana cultural centre has helped us a lot. Although he said no one confirms what exact meaing of the patterns ans what regions they represent, he confirms aboriginal pattern we have used is a pattern of Woiwurung (Werribee). However, he was not sure what pattern was used by Wurundjeri people (Melbourne). Therefore we have to choose one of the patterns. Woiwurung pattern
Wurundjeri pattern
Because Woiwurung pattern has a certain shape which makes easier to apply to image sampler, we choose more geometric pattern to challenge whether geometric pattern also creates similiar effects with the method we have used. Luckily, geometric pattern can be easily applied to our method while we need to add frame strucute to hold louvres, since the Wurundjeri pattern does not have edge lines. With Joy Division method, we have a problem with controlling width of panels. Since the patterns is composed of thin lines, there is not much difference between width of black and white part in image sampler. Because this model is not fabricated , we did not fix the problem but to be honest, it is not able to be fabricate yet.
To Melbourne Wurundjeri Pattern
Woiwurung Pattern
To Geelong
Length of Sculptures The length of site is 300 meters and speed limit of the site is 100km/h so it takes, at least, 18-20 seconds to pass the site. Our sculptures are roughly 50 meters long, which drivers spend 3-4 seconds to pass by.
Location of Sculptures Since Joy Division model needs to background to clearly see the superimposed pattern, we locate our sculptures near the mound as a background. As a sign of a new place, the sculptures are placed near the starting point of the mound at the both sides. Both sculpture is slight rotated toward the mound to lengthen the view time.
Final model Our final project is proposed to represent historical context of the site. Werribee River was a boundary of two aboriginal tribes, Woiwurung and Wurundjeri. Boundary mainly plays a role of dividing two places, but, in another word, it is an entrance to another territory. As an entrance to Melbourne and Geelong, the sculptures present a historical features of two places, which drivers head for. Since the site is located in the middle of highways, the sculpture engages with high speed of automobile to attract drivers’ attention. Italian futurist idea has been employed to visualise speed and movement. Gradual changes of trusses, louvres and vertical columns visualise speed and movement. Superimposed aboriginal pattern in vertical columns also attracts drivers with change in clearity of the image and moire effects. The visual effect is used to not only attract drivers’ attention but also present history of aboriginal culture. Clear shape of aboriginal pattern in the first series of sculpture implies prosperity of its culture while the next series of trusses show decline of its culture by showing the pattern gradually disappers when bent louvres cover over the trusses. Flat retangular columns represent severance of the culture nowadays while the last part of sculpture depicts revival of aboriginal culture with our sculpture.
Prosperity
Decline
The Dark Age
Revival
Movment in the Landscape
Fabrication and Construction
All the models except for louvres are made of plywood. Rigid form of plywood can take loads of louvres and can support themselve without additional support. Louvres are made of paper, which can be easily bent. The original material for the louvres was aluminum, which has also rigid form but also can be bent. Shortage of money and time we used paper instead of aluminum. To build the sculptures, we need to solve several structural problems. The main structural problem is how the sculpture can stand and resist wind load. We has chosen steel for truss, which is strong enough to dead load of louvres and live load of wind. The prefabricated steel truss will be craned and bolted onto the concrete footing. Another structural problem is how to connect the louvres and truss.The louvres are made in the rustic steel. They are connected to truss by being welded to gusset plate.
Feedback and Reflection Critics from the presentation - Use of historical reference: We have used Italian futurist method to visualise speed and movement. Since we have mainly focused on visual method of the style, we missed historical and political background of the style. When we use historical materials, we need to know historical and political background of it and need to make clear what aspect of the material we want to engage with to avoid misunderstanding. - Use of materials: We have had a number of suggestions on materials from Finn, one of tutors. He wanted to see our model is made of one material. Since we planned to use plywood for all sculpture except louvres, he suggested aero ply, which is thin enough to be bent. However, we could not find the materials Alternatively we planned to use aluminum for louvres but we would obtaion the material a week after the presentation. Therefore we finally chose paper for the louvres. Since the paper was thin enough to roughly see through, it deluted the visual effect. Although paper shows the shadow of truss behind, it well showed our initial concept of Signal box model.
Self critics - Use of colour: Inspired by the aboriginal flag, we tried to use its colours, red, yellow and black. We only allowed black and red into our digital model since there is yellowish corola field near the site. However, the colour harmony was not good because there are more colours in the site like dark green of flower beds. I reckon representing aboriginal culture with its colours is good idea but we need to study how selected colours can be harmonised with surrounding. - Examiniing advanced structural possibility: As our mid-term model, our model is designed in a simple structure. Since we wanted to design a sculpture can be actually built, we did not try to examine more complex structural system. - Still imitation: Since we thought that the shape of mid-term model is a simple copy of the Italian painting, we have tried to overcome the idea. Scanimation is one of ways that we can visualise speed and movement although we failed to generate a correct model. Once again, we went back to our original futurist shape. It can be another reason why we could not examine advanced structural system.
Conclusion: Parametic design? Once, Finn told us our model does not look like parametric design. What is a parametric design? Our group has designed our model in a parametric model. It is not parametric design? Although we spent 4 months to make the final design, I still do not understand exact definition of parametric design. How can we define parametric design? It should be defined by the shape of model or method to generate the model? If parametric design is defined by curved shape, we did not try to make parametric design because we have tried to avoid use of curve. Curved shape has a difficulty with fabrication. Moreover, after non teaching period, we primarily pay attention to optical illusion effects which are mostly designed in flat surface. We have studies whether those effects can work in curved surface or not. Some of them work and others do not work. Even the optical illusions work with curved surface, if the factor of high speed is added, it does not work as well as flat surface. Difficulty of optical illusion in curved surface has made us to avoid using curves. So if parametric design is defined by shape of model we did not produce parametric design. If the style is defined by parametric technique, we have definitely generated a parametric model. However, our group is still confused what parametric method is. Karl and I have discussed what parametric method is. At that time, we had different ways to make scanimation
References 1.0 Case of Innovatin Tjibaou Cultural Centre Interior of Kanak Great House: Wikipedia, Jean-Marie Tijibaou Cultural Centre, viewed on 15 August 2012. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kanak_house_ hearth.jpg Structural solution of curved facade: Corciega, R., Sustainable Building Design Case Study: Jean Marie Tjibaou Cultural Centre, New Caledonia, viewed on 15 August 2012, http://www.architecture.uwaterloo.ca/faculty_projects/ terri/366essaysW03/corciega_tjibaou.pdf Tjibaou Cultural Centre: Foundazion Renzo Piano, Tjibaou Cultural Centre, viewed on 15 August, 2012, http://www.fondazionerenzopiano.org/project/85/ jean-marie-tjibaou-cultural-center/images/enlarged/1997/ Irwin, S, 2011, Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Centre Noumea, New Caledonia, viewed 15 August 2012,< www.architecture.uwaterloo.ca/faculty.../irwin_ Tjibaou.pdf> Lotte Buyeo Resort Louvres: tripadvisor.in, 2012, Pictures of Lotte Buyeo Resort, viewed on 15 August 2012, http://www.tripadvisor.in/LocationPhotos-g946498-d2010166-w2Lotte_Buyeo_Resort-Buyeo_gun_Chungcheongnam_do.html#39084191 Stone and brick wall of the palace: masterfile, stone wall of Gyeongbok palace, Seoul, South Korea, http://www.masterfile.com/stock-photography/ image/821-05789442/stone-wall-of-Gyeongbok-palace-Seoul-South-Korea Tile pattern of Baekje: Culture Content, Brick pattern, viewed on 15 August, 2012, http://new1.culturecontent.com/10_search/search_content.asp?SearchTyp e0=0&query=%EB%B4%89%ED%99%A9%EB%AC%B8%EC%96%91%20%EC %9D%BC%EB%9F%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8 Perspective drawing: Designer Party, Lotte Resort Buyeo: Seunghoy Kim, Wonphil Kange, viewed on 15 August 2012, http://www.designersparty.com/ entry/Lotte-Resort-Buyoe-Seunghoy-Kim-Wonphil-Kang Benefits of Computational Design Liggett, B, 2012, The World’s First Tower Built by Flying Robots Rises in France, Inhabitat, viewed on 15 August 2012, http://inhabitat.com/the-worlds-firsttower-built-by-flying-robots-rises-in-france/ Dhub, Flight Assembled Architecture, viewed on 15 August 2012, http://www. dhub.org/flight-assembled-architecture/ Autodesk, 2011, Realizing the Benefits of BIM, viewed 21 August 2012, <images.autodesk.com/adsk/files/2011_realizing_bim_final.pdf> Glen, L, 2004, ‘Introduction’ in Folding in Architecture, viewed 21 August 2012, <http://arch629eldridge.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/read-to-p23wk14-lynnet-al-folding-in-architecture.pdf>
Museum of Cultures Baan, I., 2011, Museum of Cultures, Architural Record, viewed on 15 August 2012, http://archrecord.construction.com/projects/Building_types_study/ adaptive_reuse/2012/Museum-of-Cultures-slideshow.asp?slide=14 Ceramic tiles in Museum of Cultures: Baan, I., 2011, Museum of Cultures, Architural Record, viewed on 15 August 2012, http://archrecord.construction. com/projects/Building_types_study/adaptive_reuse/2012/Museum-of-Culturesslideshow.asp?slide=3 CNC Mill and Mold Machine: Ceramic Department of the Kansas city Art Institute, 3-D Modelling and Ceramic media, viewed on 15 August 2012, http:// kcaiceramics.wordpress.com/2012/04/12/3-d-modeling-and-ceramic-media/ Plasti(k) Pavilion Marc Fornes & Theyvarymany, Plasi(k) Pavilion, viewed on 15 August 2012, http://theverymany.com/public-art/11-st-louis/ CNC laser cutting machine: Metalworking machines, 2011, cnc laser cutting machine, viewed on 15 August 2012, http://metalworkingmachine. net/2011/02/25/cnc-laser-cutting-machine/ Thermoforming machine, Forming prototype, : Marc Fornes & Theyvarymany, Plasi(k) Pavilion, viewed on 15 August 2012, http://theverymany.com/publicart/11-st-louis/ Case Study: Structure Aboriginal fish traps: NGV, Fish Trap, viewed on 15 August 2012, http://nga.gov. au/Exhibition/Tactility/Detail.cfm?IRN=121378 Webb Bridge at Dockland: TREKEARTH, 2010, Webb Bridge - Docklands, Melbourne, viewed on 15 August 2012, http://www.trekearth.com/gallery/ Oceania/Australia/East/Victoria/Melbourne/photo1261170.htm Case Study 2.0 : South Pond by Studio Gang South Pond Pavilion: Dezeen, 2010, Movie by Spirit of Space: South Pond Pavilioin by Studio Gang, viewed on 15 August, http://www.dezeen. com/2010/08/22/movie-by-spirit-of-space-south-pond-by-studio-gang/ Italian Futurism & Gateway Project The peacock’s tail, Luigi Russolo, “Dynamism of a Car” (1912 – 1913), viewed on 15 August 2012, http://pavlopoulos.files.wordpress.com/2011/02/luigi-russolo-dynamism-of-a-car.jpg Aboriginal Art & Gateway Project Wikipedia, Possum-skin cloak, viewed on 15 August 2012, http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Cloak_of_sewn_possum_skins_(Australian).gif
Further study on Italian Futurism The Runner: Costas Varotsos Blog, The Runner, viewed on 11 November 2012, http:// costasvarotsos.blogspot.com.au/search?q=The+Runner Analysis of a flight of seagull: timepickup, 2010, kinetica 2010, viewed on 9 November 2012, http://timpickup.wordpress.com/page/2/ Optical Illusion Mandela sculpture: Illusion, Freedom Fighter, viewed 08 November 2012, http:// illusion.scene360.com/art/33813/the-nelson-mandela-sculpture/ Scanimation: 100 Scope Notes, 2009, Try Scanimation, viewed on 08 November 2012, http://100scopenotes.com/2009/02/25/try-scanimation/ Vineyard Brick building: Gramazio & Kohler Architecture and Urbanism, Gantenbein Vineyard Facade, viewed on 11 November 2012, http://www.gramaziokohler.com/ web/e/projekte/52.html 3D Scanimation: Leung, J., 2011, Magic Carp-pet. Rug, viewed 12 November 2012, http://john-leung.com/loves/2011/05/01/magic-carp-pet-rug-2010/ Signal box Herzog & De Meuron website, 140 Satellite Signal Box, 12 November 2012, http://www.herzogdemeuron.com/index/projects/complete-works/126-150/140satellite-signal-box/IMAGE.html