What is Omicron? Sigonella PHEO Explains

By Lt.Cmdr. Marlon Tingzon, NNMRTC Sigonella Public Health Emergency Officer

At this point, we all have been living with COVID-19 for nearly two years. Thankfully, our scientific understanding of the virus and the disease has improved in this time, even as the situation has evolved. With the Omicron variant on the rise, now is a good time to go back to basics and to remind ourselves of the best way to protect each other.

COVID-19 is a disease caused by a virus known as SARS-CoV-2. When the virus enters our body, it uses the proteins on its surface to attach to our cells. These proteins, known as spike proteins, give SARS CoV 2 its characteristic look.

How Does a Variant Arise?

Proteins are made by the virus using its genetic code. As viruses, such as SARS CoV 2, replicate themselves, their genetic code changes due to random “copy errors” over time. Sometimes the change in the genetic code is significant enough that it changes the surface proteins of the virus. This change in the proteins can modify the virus’ abilities; for example, it can be easier to transmit to others or it can more easily evade our own immune system. The mutated virus can be the same, better, or worse for us than its original.

There are many names of mutated version of SARS CoV 2 mutations, but only variants of concern or interest get a Greek alphabet letter name. While the Delta variant was prominent for a long time, we are currently also dealing with a variant named Omicron.

Why is Omicron Different? The Omicron variant is thought to spread more easily

than the original SARS-CoV-2 virus. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) expects that anyone with an Omicron infection can spread the virus to others, even if they are vaccinated or don’t have symptoms. It is also thought that the Omicron variant causes less severe illness or death than infection with other variants, but more data still needs to be collected to really know the extent of transmission ability and illness severity.

Current vaccines are expected to protect against severe illness, hospitalizations and deaths due to infection with the Omicron variant. However, breakthrough infections in people who are fully vaccinated can occur. The best tools we have against Omicron variant are the same ones we’ve had in our arsenal:

• Get vaccinated - Vaccines remain the best public health measure to protect people from COVID-19, slow transmission, and reduce the likelihood of new variants emerging.

• Wear a mask

• Stay 6 feet away from others

• Avoid crowds and poorly ventilated spaces

• Test to prevent spread to others

• Wash your hands often

• Cover coughs and sneezes

• Clean and disinfect

• Monitor your health daily

References:

• https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/ variants/omicron-variant.html

• https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/ prevent-getting-sick/prevention.html