No Man’s Land Project
international parametric urbanism workshop
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No Man’s Land Project
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international parametric urbanism workshop
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Rebuilding Famagusta Nicosia, 22nd March - 12th April 2010
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Content
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DIA - Team 1
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research and proposal animation instances stl models
General Information
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workshop scope existing situation parametric agenda issues to be adressed iconic buildings institutions and curators participating dia projects introduction
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DIA - Team 2
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research and proposal animation instances stl models
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Photos
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General Information
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WORKSHOP SCOPE
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How can one practice parametrics when no parameters are to be found, when no variables can be set? How can one deal with absence or predict the upcoming presence? Which rehabilitation plans can be implemented for an abandoned city whose residents want to return to their original households and built environment?
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Existing Situation
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Every four or five years since 1974 the issue of opening the abandoned and fenced city, that lies inside the Green line in Cyprus, is brought forward. This sparks on the island a recurring, yet fruitless, discussion with government and state institutions on one side and the refugees, individually or collectively, on the other. The discussion is based on the argument whether the city should be returned right away in its current condition to its inhabitants or it should be kept fenced for some years more in order to be restored and rebuild, since after 35 years of abandonment virtually all its infrastructure, if not the whole
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Engineers consider it an ideal chance to rebuild a whole city with “proper” urban planning and infrastructure that any other thriving city wouldn’t allow. Unlike the case of Brasilia, the fact of an empty city that its inhabitants are relocated merely a few kilometers away creates an unprecedented opportunity to create an innovative urban space for an already existing and longing to return population.
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built environment, is not reusable and beyond repair.
The rightful inhabitants on the other side, who have been waiting for decades to return, bring forth the argument that they want to return to the same city they left (in an instant moment) and not to a new, maybe “improved”, but nonfamiliar city. Their right to return is safeguarded by their right to property. This workshop is based on the hypothetical event of the return of the abandoned and fenced for 35 years city of Famagusta to its former inhabitants.
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How can parametric urban tools address this conflict and bring forth arguments for preparing the city for rehabilitation while maintaining its very own aspects that kept the longing for return alive 35 years on?
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Parametric Agenda
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These are varied exceptions from any usual urban project and create a challenging environment for architects to act upon through parametric tools.
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Which parametric system will address better quantified elements as property, circulation or growth along with nonquantified elements as collective memory? And according to which growth or growthestimates will the system be set upon, when any growth has been halted since 1974?
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Iconic Figure. Today the city has evolved from a living space into an iconic figure symbolizing the return of every refugee to his or her house, regardless if that is located in Famagusta or not. The image of the waterfront functions as an iconic representation of what used to be and of what fell apart in an instant. A profitable industry was set upon that image, printing stamps, postcards and making souvenirs, while every reference on the Cyprus conflict by the media is usually accompanied by that same image.
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Issues to be addressed
The participants have to address this issue by looking behind propaganda images that followed the 1974 war and by identifying, according to their criteria, whether the value of the waterfront is as worthy as its remembrance claims, and act according to their decisions during the design process. Private Properties. Although they are of course widespread throughout the city, the image of the waterfront is misleading since the large tall buildings are not all discrete touristic hotel properties but instead they have a large
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The participants have to address this issue by trying to find a balance between the rights to return private property with the reconstruction of whole areas of the city and the possibility of required mass demolitions.
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amount of private owners, thus making the decisions for the future of each one a decision of many. Furthermore each single refugee expects to return to their original property, regardless whether that is inhabitable or not, valuable or not.
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Iconic Buildings
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Participants need to address the issue of buildings that carry, after the war, a symbolic meaning that resembles the events that led to the abandonment of the city. Despite the negative value of a 35 years period of absence, one should not consider a simple “refurbishment� would be enough to push things forward.
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Although concrete buildings collapsing in time by laying unprotected against the acidity of the salty sea air and cracks on pavement from plants growing, cannot be considered as traditional city development procedures, that doesn’t necessarily mean that this spatial shell is not adapting or adjusting to the environment in a way equally effective than before when it used to be inhabited.
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“As well as providing a protective carapace, these structures also carry symbolic value, and can been seen as being continuous with and emerging from life of those who inhabit the built environment.” Gordon Pask The City as a Living Organism. Since the city is empty it cannot be truly regarded as one, since its population is regarded as the primary element for its existence, although undoubtedly, this spatial “shell” is still very much alive and continuously evolving even without inhabitants.
Therefore one needs to address the city as a living organism and understand how it evolved without population for almost 4 decades, in contrast to its evolution with population for 3 millenniums.
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“What struck him most, though, wasn’t the absence of life but its vibrant presence. With the humans who built Famagusta gone, nature was intently recouping it.� Alan Weisman, The World Without Us Political Statement. The symbolic status of the city has large political meaning for the Cypriot political system. Famagusta is present in most of the political discussions between Greek and Turkish Cypriots concerning a solution to the Cypriot problem, it is even present in arguments between Greek Cypriot parties themselves. Anything proposed concerning the city carries along a political statement towards the Cypriot political establishment and it must be negotiated as such. Although the workshop will remain in a purely architectural context and will not enter political or historical fingerpointing regarding events that led to the current situation of the city, participants are advised to atleast speculate on the political reactions their proposal might raise.
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INSTITUTIONS AND CURATORS PARTICIPATING Architectural Association (AA) School of Architecture DRL Theodore Spyropoulos, B.Arch(Hons) [NJ], AA.DRL CoDirector of the Design Research Lab (London) / Minimaforms Visiting Research Fellow at MIT and curates the AA New Media Research initiative. He has been a research fellow at the Architectural Association investigating sensorial environments 2002-2004 and has taught in the graduate schools of the University of Pennsylvania and the Royal College of Art. He has worked as a project architect for the office of Peter Eisenman. Dessau Institute of Architecture (DIA) – Graduate School Christos K Passas, B.Arch(Hons), AA Grad.Des.Dipl Zaha Hadid Architects, UK/ DIA (Dessau), DE / Architectural Association DRL, UK Associate Director at Zaha Hadid Architects has been practicing throughout the world and has lead the designs for buildings such as the Phaeno Science Center, Wolfsburg the OPUS, Dubai and is project partner for Eleftheria square in Cyprus among others. Guest DAAD Professor at DIA (Bauhaus) Dessau teaching a Master’s studio course on Algorithmic Design since Sept. 2008 and DRL Tutor at the Architectural Association in London UK since 2007.
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DELFT University of Technology – The Why Factory Tihamer Hazarja Salij, MFA (University of Utrecht), MRes (London University) Tihamér Salij is a researcher and spatial designer. He specialized in audiovisual communications at the Willem de Kooning Academy and architectural design at the Academy of Architecture in Rotterdam. He had been working at the architectural office MVRDV as a researcher and editor, as a lecturer at the Academy of Technology and Innovation in Amersfoort and Utrecht and had been the coordinator of its Media Faculty. Tihamér Salij is the founder of Space Intelligence Agency (SIA), a research and design practice based in Rotterdam. Tihamér Salij is currently conducting research on the notion and experience of space and time in relation to the imagination and visualization of the human future with particular focus on the conception of Utopia, Dystopia, Paradise and the Ideal City.
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National Technical Universisty of Athens (NTUA) Dimitris Papalexopoulos, NTUA Greece, D.P.L.G., Dr Paris I. Assoc. Professor, School of Arthitecture NTUA / Archsign Graduate course on digital fabrication and post-graduate course on “Architecture and Information Technology”. Organization of international symposiums on Intelligent Environments (IE06-IE08). Author of Digital Regionalism,
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2008 and (with Eleni Kalafati) of Takis Zenetos, Visioni digitali, architetture construite, 2006. Archsign, develops building design concepts for I.T. evolving space activities. His design practice includes renovations and new buildings projects in the private and public sector. Recent architectural works refers to the integration of space and information technology.
Webpage of the workshop - http://nomanslandproject.com
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INTRODUCTION
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A city left behind in time, with no one allowed to live in it. It stands still and isolated as if in a surrealists dream: A desolate landscape, only a sad parallax of it’s former iconic seaside view, reminiscent of images from Antonioni’s film “The Eclipse”. A product perhaps of an anachronistic point of view.
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Yet, what is now called a “No Man’s Land zone” remains an example of a city that in its infant state of growth, maintains all the potential for becoming an Every Man’s Land. A City for all people.
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What can one do? What can be proposed as a future? How can the issues that led to this condition be resolved?
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We looked at the issue of Famagusta through the lens of parametric design: A desing process of no fixed result, no ideal scenario, but rather a set of conditions that we aim to formulate through basic values: Integration, Intercon-
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With the exception of Pompei and perhaps Chernobil, the city of Famagusta, stands today as a unique worldwide example of a city without residents.
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THE INTEGRATED LANDSCAPE PROJECT The Integrated landscape project aims to capture a sense of the open city problem through architectural research that takes on the example of the reopening of the No Man’s Land in Famagusta. This approach deals with the issue not in a strictly political or developmental or ecological terms but in a combination of all, within a parametric framework that aims to capture the condition of development through time, population growth, interconnectedness and ecological sustainability. These issues or parameters are critical because they are all positive contributors to the Utopian idea.
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nectivity, Inclusivity and Openness.
In other words, a parametric system is not merely an elastic system as it is often referred to, but becomes a game field of forces, sometimes confluent and sometimes opposing. These force-fields generate nonetheless, a sense of fluctuation. A pulse if you like. This pulse can take its primary beat from either of the parameters involved, but there is always a simultaneous play of all,
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The integrated landscape project aims to retract from the purely modernist paradigm of strict zoned master-planning and aims to generate localities by the insertion of events whether these are static –as in urban plazas and spaces- or ephemeral events that are produced by the participation of people. As such, it produces a radical distinction towards Generation rather than Creation of an always-already contemporary Utopia. Through this research were one looks at the whole spectrum of Architecture, one begins to formulate intermediate aims such as the liberation of space through the enactment of entropic forms of order that give rise to more elastic conditions.
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either at higher or lower intensities.
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The participating students from both DIA and the UCY were split into two groups operating towards the same end with different scenaria.
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DIA - Team 1
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Fluid parametric Patterns
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Research and Proposal
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Tutor: Anastasia Globa
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Team 1 investigates the premise of fluid parametric patterns.
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Team: Claudia Melendez (Nicaraguan) Alexander Kalachev (Russian) Wang Qi (Chinese) Antri Kounnapi (Cypriot) Andraulla Papadopoulou (Cypriot)
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Whenever, the fixity of a pattern is achieved it can become a premise for realization; Other combinatory realities, always exist in the background and can emerge either as limited entities to provide a secondary fabric when conditions of differentiated variability are required, or as fixed/ stable entities
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These patterns are generated by a series of kaleidoscopic transformations that give rise to a multiplicity of configurations that are tested for viability. Some of these conditions can be based on the existing urba network of the city and on future expansion speculations either horizontally or vertically.
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The project takes its start from an investigation of the cultural artefacts of a 2,500 year Cypriot history and distils graphic pat- terns as ways to generate culturally biased starting points.
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such as archaeological areas, landmarks etc.
Each historical era is given a representative pattern, as a design mechanism for instrumentalizing cultural diversity. The start- ing patterns are mutated through a series of generations until a matrix of sub-genes are developed that bridge the given distinctions. Nonetheless, each pure pattern is allowed to maintain a small area within the generated matrix.
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Animations - instances
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STL
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DIA - Team 2
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Polycentric Multilateral Network Growth
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Research and Proposal
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The main city, Famagusta is simulated as a strong gravitycenter (main set of attractors) in an animated fluid system that incorporates the inclusion of secondary city centres (nodes), such as those of Paralimni, Dherynia, Ayia Napa, Engomi and Salamis etc that are given lesser degrees of gravity.
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Team 2 investigates polycentric multilateral growth.
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Team members: Irina Mihaela Bogdan Wan Da Shi Xinyu Kyriaki Economou(UCY) Stella Taousioni (UCY)
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DIA - Team 2 tutor: Tudor Cosmatu
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Each node (urban or sub-urban center) is let to extend and connect to the
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The project is simulated with the premise of gradual growth from the current 50,000 people/ residents-capacity, to that of 100,000 to 150,000 to 250,000 and 500,000.
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Secondary sub-centers grow towards these two while each of these nodes maintains its own distinct characteristics that emanate outwardly towards the west and north. The animated field is responsive to these conditions of growth and the whole network of centres oscillates within the same system of forces. The centres develop through time and population growth and in some cases unite to form a continuous network and in others generate conditions of distanced responsiveness, as if nodes following the same musical beat.
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surrounding tissue through hierarchical network growth. Slowly, each subcentre seems to interconnect and beyond a certain limit the city develops a highly dense concentrated centre against the sea shore connecting first the two major nodes that of downdown Famagusta and that of Protaras.
At a certain stage of development these centres begin to transform internally. They gain partial self-sufficiency and develop their own clusters of urban facilities: public spaces, recreation areas, retail, services, business etc.
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Famagusta Growth Timeline
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Possible Growth Directions - Density Studies
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Network Growth Patterns
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Many thanks to our curator and professor Christos K Passas for the time invested in this workshop and for giving us the chance to experience what it is like to take part in such an event.
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We would also like to thank the municipality for providing us the much needed information and for suporting this event.
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We herby would like to thank the organizers, Pavlos Fereos, Alkis Dikaios and Kostas Grigoriadis, and sponsors for inviting the DIA Teams to take part in this intense event and for making it possible for this workshop to take place. It was a pleasure to work in the UCY studio together with all the other participants and to learn from eachother.
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Thanks to:
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Anastasia Globa and Tudor Cosmatu
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Last but not least we would like to thank our UCY and DIA team members (Kyriaki Economou, Antri Kounnapi, Andraulla Papadopoulou, Stella Taousioni, Irina Bogdan, Claudia Melendez, Wan Qi, Wan Da, Alexander Kalachev and Shi Xinyu) for the hard work and commitment to the projects.
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Special thanks to Dessau Institute of Architecture for supporting such initiatives.
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