‘ POST-EXTRACTION PRACTICES ’ REGULATIONS & PROTOTYPICAL SITE APPLICATION 1
DECLARATION ON EXTRACTION & REGULATIONS
4 LOCATION NO.2 MATERIAL MUSEUM
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STUDY OF PROTOTYPICAL SITE
5 LOCATION NO.7 ARTIFICIAL WETLAND PARK
3 PROTOTYPICAL SITE APPLICATION & STRATEGIES
6 LOCATION NO.8 OPEN-PIT PLANT TERRACE
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN V INDA, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY 2022
NATALIE PIRARAK
‘ POST-EXTRACTION PRACTICES ’
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DECLARATION ON EXTRACTION & REGULATIONS
MINE AS PARADIGM THE DECLINE AND THE RISE EXTRACTION URBANISM LACK OF REGULATIONS PUBLIC AWARENESS DECLARATION& REGULATIONS
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MINE
“Mine” has become an architectural paradigm which defines the era of extraction
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DECLINE IN MINING INDUSTRY
The extraction processes have become too expensive, difficult, and harmful to make mining worthwhile
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THE RISE OF RARE-EARTH MINERALS
The size of deposits and the process in mining make it very difficult to extract
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TSUNAMI OF DATA
HIGH-TECHNOLOGY DEVICES
RARE-EARTH MINERALS MINING
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MINE = URBANIZATION
CALIFORNIA GOLD RUSH CALIFORNIA, USA Began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found byJames W. Marshall at Sutter’s Mill in Coloma, California. The news of gold brought approximately 300,000 people to California from the rest of the United States and abroad.
NORILSK RUSSIA Nickel mine / Russia’s most isolated major city / Population: ~178,000
MIRNY RUSSIA Diamond mine / Population: 40,000 / Provide comprehensive infrastructures
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MINING TOWNS = GHOST TOWNS
CALICO CALIFORNIA, USA
GOLDFIELD ARIZONA, USA
ST. ELMO COLORADO, USA
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UNDERGROUND EXTRACTION
“If we think of a mine, the principal aim is to extract the mineral, parsing away all the other components to get that kernel of resource,” -- Vijay Kolinjivadi
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Mining is currently responsible for 4 to 7 percent of greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions globally.
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ABOVEGROUND EXTRACTION
“Extractive tourism is the same. It’s where a resource has been identified at a particular site—a natural feature, some kind of uniqueness—and the site becomes all about the extraction of that value, the tourism value.” -- Vijay Kolinjivadi
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Tourism is currently responsible for 8 percent of greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions globally.
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ABOVEGROUND EXTRACTION
Climate change is helping people to see this. The pandemic has helped us realize how high the energy consumption of travel is, and how unnecessary it is.
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Data Source: Nature Climate Change (2018)
Tr an sp
Go
d
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or t
49%
od s
12%
&
Be ve ra ge
10%
Fo o
8%
Ag ric ul tu re
8%
Se rv ice s
6%
Co ns tru ct io n Lo dg in g
6%
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PROCEDENCES FOR EXTRACTION TO TOURISM
ALLMANNAJUVET ZINC MINE MUSEUM PETER ZUMTHOR Along the National Tourist Routes, an abandoned zinc mine in Sauda was transformed into a historical art installation by Peter Zumthor where the industrial aesthetics are maintained and represented.
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JINYUN QUARRIES XU TIANTIAN A small abandoned quarries scattered in the mountainous landscape of Jinyun county, China, was carved to form gathering space that could accommodate cultural and social activities.
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NECESSITY OF INTERNATIONAL MINING REGULATIONS
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NECESSITY OF INTERNATIONAL MINING REGULATIONS
PUBLIC AWARENESS AS THE MOST POWERFUL MOTIVATION
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NECESSITY OF INTERNATIONAL MINING REGULATIONS
PUBLIC AWARENESS AS THE MOST POWERFUL MOTIVATION
TOURISM UNDER MENTALITY SHIFT
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POST-EXTRACTION PRACTICES Embrace the human elements and the identity of mining community of the temporal extractive culture, culture, and introduce more meaningful engagement with the post-extractive site Propose the international post-extraction regulations for extractor which considers human as basis, generation the post-extractive urbanism built from the current extractive monumentalism Integrate the new mentality of tourism as the crucial part of the program which helps to draw public awareness and motivate the extractor in restoring the site, environmentally and socio-economically
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PROGRAMS, PROFESSION, & OWNERSHIP
MATERIAL & CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES
URBAN MASSING, ZONING, & LANDSCAPE
human’s SOCIOECONOMICS
human’s PHYSICAL WELLNESS
human’s SENTIMENTAL ASPECT
the presence of mine and the identity of miner
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CHAPTER I
MATERIAL
CHAPTER II
LANDSCAPE
CHAPTER III
REMEDIATION
CHAPTER IV
PROGRAM
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EXPLORATION + DISCOVERY
DEVELOPMENT
PRODUCTION
SHUT DOWN
DECOMMISSION
RECLAIMATION
POST-CLOSURE MONITORING
Article 1. Article 8. The term “material” includes The term “landscape” all avaiable material onsite includes the natural landscape and is separated into two and the artificial landscape categories: artificial and caused by mining such as natural. open pit and waste dump.
Article 1 1. The term “infrastructure” includes the remediation of two major aspects: earth and water.
Article 16. The term “program” includes the usage of the site, the profession of the locals, and the role of the visitors.
Article 2. “Artificial material” includes man-made mining infrastructures constructed for mining which are to be taken down.
Article 12. Earth infrastruction is the remediation of earth’s toxicity and its transfer for repurposition.
Article 13. For the usage of the site, the new mentality in tourism could be integrated as a way to restore the site ecologically and socio-economically.
Article 9. The mining landscape shall be maintained as much as possible considering the repurposed program and its suitability.
Article 3. Article 10. Article 13. Article 14. “Natural material” includes The zoning shall be Earth remediation can be For the profession of the natural resources both the determined by the landscape done through the use of locals, the new opportunity is ones which are removed for for the maintenance of site’s fibrous plants which have introduced while the identity mining construction and the memories embedded within the ability to rehabilitate the of the mining community ones that remain. the landscape itself. land (metal absorbtion). shall be preserved. Article 4. All materials’ lifespan, geometry, and possible usage need to be studied
Article 14. Water infrastruction is the remediation of water’s toxicity and the act of recirculation (if necessary).
Article 5. According to the study, materials shall be repurposed accordingly.
Article 15. Water remediation can be done through the use of artificial wetlands as to simultaneously preserve and improve the scenery.
Article 6. The essential programs for each material depends on site-specific conditions and requirements.
Article 15. For the role of the visitors, the new mentality in tourism shall offer the visitors a more meaningful role as tourists who participates in site’s revitalization and preservation.
Article 7. The “extractor” who commissions the mine is responsible for providing the miners’ new occupasions in reconstruction. ~5 years Include initial exploration and environmental studies
~10 years Include feasibility study, financing, and construction
x years Include public health and safety, and environment
Site’s infrastructure and plant are safely demolished
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Ensure that the site is at an acceptable standard
~10 years remediating any areas believed to be contaminated
~30 years Assess the effectiveness of the decommissioning
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STUDY OF PROTOTYPICAL SITE
EXTRACTION IN THAILAND REEs PRODUCTION PROTOTYPICAL SITE: HADSOMPAEN
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HADSOMPAEN MINERAL DEPOSITS RAYONG, THAILAND
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HADSOMPAEN MINERAL DEPOSITS RAYONG, THAILAND
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3 PROTOTYPICAL SITE APPLICATION & STRATEGIES
MATERIAL LANDSCAPE REMEDIATION PROGRAM POST-EXTRACTION TOURISM ROUTE
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TIMBER
Usgae / Application
Ironwood / Hopea odorata Rubberwood / Hevea brasiliensis Rattan / Calameae
Fuel source Construction material Furniture
LATERITE
Usgae / Application
The soil layer that is rich in iron oxide and derived from a wide variety of rocks weathering under strongly oxidizing and leaching conditions
Road pavement material Embankment construction material
GRANITE
Usgae / Application
Biotite Hornblende Granite A coarse grained intrusive igneous rock of felsic chemistry, as the name and chemistry suggests, this variant of granite is composed mainly of the minerals quartz, feldspar with biotite mica
Exterior construction material Interior finishing
MUDSTONE
Usgae / Application
A clastic type of sedimentary rock which chiefly consists of fine particles of less than 1/256mm size, which are cemented into hard rock
Cement manufacturing Construction aggregate Pottery
SANDSTONE
Usgae / Application
A sedimentary rock composed of sand-size grains of mineral, rock, or organic material
Construction material Decorative artwork material
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4 LOCATION NO.2 MATERIAL MUSEUM
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5 LOCATION NO.7 ARTIFICIAL WETLAND PARK
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6 LOCATION NO.8 OPEN-PIT PLANT TERRACE
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