6кл несвіт

(6-é ðіê íàâ÷àííÿ)

Ïіäðó÷íèê äëÿ 6 êëàñó çàãàëüíîîñâіòíіõ íàâ÷àëüíèõ çàêëàäіâ Ðåêîìåíäîâàíî Ìіíіñòåðñòâîì îñâіòè і íàóêè Óêðàїíè

Êèїâ «Ãåíåçà» 2014

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ÓÄÊ 811.11(075.3) ÁÁÊ 81.2Àíãë-922 Í55 Ðåêîìåíäîâàíî Ìіíіñòåðñòâîì îñâіòè і íàóêè Óêðàїíè (Íàêàç ÌÎÍ Óêðàїíè âіä 07.02.2014 123) Âèäàíî çà ðàõóíîê äåðæàâíèõ êîøòіâ. Ïðîäàæ çàáîðîíåíî Íàóêîâó åêñïåðòèçó ïðîâîäèâ Öåíòð íàóêîâèõ äîñëіäæåíü òà âèêëàäàííÿ іíîçåìíèõ ìîâ ÍÀÍ Óêðàїíè. Åêñïåðò Іëü÷åíêî Î.Ì., äîêòîð ôіëîëîãі÷íèõ íàóê, ïðîôåñîð, çàñòóïíèê äèðåêòîðà ç íàóêîâîї ðîáîòè. Ïñèõîëîãî-ïåäàãîãі÷íó åêñïåðòèçó ïðîâîäèâ Іíñòèòóò ïåäàãîãіêè ÍÀÏÍ Óêðàїíè. Åêñïåðò Àëєêñєєíêî І.Â., ìîëîäøèé íàóêîâèé ñïіâðîáіòíèê ëàáîðàòîðії íàâ÷àííÿ іíîçåìíèõ ìîâ. Íåçàëåæíі åêñïåðòè: Ìàðê Ôîðõåíä, çàâó÷ Ìîâíîї øêîëè «Ìіæíàðîäíèé Äіì», ì. Êèїâ Âіäïîâіäàëüíі çà ïіäãîòîâêó ïіäðó÷íèêà: Êîâàëåíêî Î.ß., ãîëîâíèé ñïåöіàëіñò äåïàðòàìåíòó çàãàëüíîї ñåðåäíüîї òà äîøêіëüíîї îñâіòè ÌÎÍ Óêðàїíè; Øîïóëêî Ì.Í., ìåòîäèñò âèùîї êàòåãîðії âіääіëó íàóêîâî-ìåòîäè÷íîãî çàáåçïå÷åííÿ çìіñòó îñâіòè îñíîâíîї і ñòàðøîї øêîëè Іíñòèòóòó іííîâàöіéíèõ òåõíîëîãіé і çìіñòó îñâіòè ÌÎÍ Óêðàїíè.

Í55

Íåñâіò À. Ì. Àíãëіéñüêà ìîâà (6-é ðіê íàâ÷.): ïіäðó÷. äëÿ 6 êë. çàãàëüíîîñâіò. íàâ÷. çàêë. / À.Ì. Íåñâіò. – Êèїâ: Ãåíåçà, 2014. – 224 ñ. ІSBN 978-966-11-0424-1.

Ïіäðó÷íèê «ÀÍÃËІÉÑÜÊÀ ÌÎÂÀ» ñòâîðåíèé âіäïîâіäíî äî íîâîї ïðîãðàìè ç іíîçåìíèõ ìîâ (2012 ð.) і ðåêîìåíäîâàíèé äëÿ îâîëîäіííÿ àíãëіéñüêîþ ìîâîþ â 6-ìó êëàñі çàãàëüíîîñâіòíіõ íàâ÷àëüíèõ çàêëàäіâ (øîñòèé ðіê íàâ÷àííÿ). Âіí є ñêëàäîâîþ íàâ÷àëüíî-ìåòîäè÷íîãî êîìïëåêòó і ïðîäîâæóє ñåðіþ ÍÌÊ àâòîðà À.Ì. Íåñâіò. Ïіäðó÷íèê ïîáóäîâàíî íà ïðèíöèïàõ êîìóíіêàòèâíîñòі, іíòåãðîâàíîãî ðîçâèòêó ÷îòèðüîõ âèäіâ ìîâëåííєâîї äіÿëüíîñòі: àóäіþâàííÿ, ãîâîðіííÿ, ÷èòàííÿ і ïèñüìà. Ó íüîìó äîòðèìàíî çàãàëüíîäèäàêòè÷íі ïðèíöèïè ïîñèëüíîñòі, ëîãі÷íîñòі, äîñòóïíîñòі, àêòèâíîñòі òà íàî÷íîñòі ó íàâ÷àííі. ÓÄÊ 811.11(075.3) ÁÁÊ 81.2Àíãë-922

ІSBN 978-966-11-0424-1

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© Àëëà Íåñâіò, 2014 © Âèäàâíèöòâî «Ãåíåçà», îðèãіíàë-ìàêåò, 2014

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Ëþáі äіòè! Ãó÷íèé øêіëüíèé äçâіíîê óæå ïîêëèêàâ âàñ çà ïàðòè, à â ïàì’ÿòі ùå çáåðіãàþòüñÿ ñïîâíåíі ðàäîùіâ äíі ëіòíіõ êàíіêóë, íîâі äðóçі, äèâîâèæíі âіäêðèòòÿ òà öіêàâі ìіñöÿ, ïðî ÿêі ðîçïîâіäàþòü ôîòîãðàôії, ñóâåíіðè é ëèñòіâêè. Ó öüîìó íàâ÷àëüíîìó ðîöі, ïðàöþþ÷è ç íàâ÷àëüíèì ìàòåðіàëîì ðîçäіëó 1, âè íàâ÷èòåñÿ îïèñóâàòè çîâíіøíіñòü ñâîїõ ðіäíèõ òà ðîçïîâіäàòè ïðî їõíі ðèñè õàðàêòåðó. Òàòî é ìàìà, áðàòè é ñåñòðè, áàáóñі òà äіäóñі – öå íàéðіäíіøі ëþäè, äî ÿêèõ âè çàâæäè ìîæåòå ïðèéòè çі ñâîїìè ïåðåìîãàìè òà ïîðàçêàìè, ÿêèì çàâæäè ìîæåòå âіäêðèòè ñâîї ùèðі äóøі. Òàêîæ âè äіçíàєòåñÿ ïðî ðіçíі âèäè ìàãàçèíіâ, òîâàðè, ÿêі â íèõ ïðîäàþòüñÿ, òà íàâ÷èòåñÿ ñïіëêóâàòèñÿ ïіä ÷àñ âіäâіäóâàííÿ ìàãàçèíіâ (ðîçäіë 2). Âèâ÷àþ÷è ðîçäіë 3, âè íàâ÷èòåñÿ ðîçïîâіäàòè ïðî îñîáëèâîñòі õàð÷óâàííÿ ó âàøіé ðîäèíі, ïðî ñâîї óëþáëåíі ðåöåïòè äîìàøíіõ ñòðàâ. Ñïîðò çàãàðòîâóє îðãàíіçì і õàðàêòåð, äîäàє âïåâíåíîñòі ó ñâîїõ ñèëàõ. Ïðî ëіòíі òà çèìîâі âèäè ñïîðòó, íåîáõіäíіñòü òðåíóâàíü, ñïîðòèâíі çàõîïëåííÿ âàøèõ ðîâåñíèêіâ âè ïðî÷èòàєòå â ðîçäіëі 4. Æèòòÿ öіêàâå, òîìó ùî ìîæíà ïîäîðîæóâàòè òà ïіçíàâàòè íîâå. Ïðî ðіçíі âèäè ïîäîðîæåé, ïðî ïіäãîòîâêó äî âіäâіäóâàííÿ іíøîãî ìіñòà ÷è êðàїíè âè äіçíàєòåñÿ â ðîçäіëі 5. Іç öüîãî ïіäðó÷íèêà âè îòðèìàєòå іíôîðìàöіþ ïðî ñòîëèöþ Âåëèêîї Áðèòàíії, ìіñòî Ëîíäîí, ïðî її âèçíà÷íі ìіñöÿ òà êóëüòóðíі ïàì’ÿòêè (ðîçäіë 6). À òàêîæ âè íàâ÷èòåñÿ ðîçïîâіäàòè ïðî ñòîëèöþ Óêðàїíè – ìіñòî Êèїâ òà âèçíà÷íі ìіñöÿ, ÿêі é äîíèíі çáåðіãàþòü ïàì’ÿòü ïðî æèòòÿ ó äàâíèíó òà âіäîìîñòі ïðî êóëüòóðíó ñïàäùèíó óêðàїíöіâ (ðîçäіë 7). Çâè÷àéíî, âàøі áóäíі – öå øêіëüíå æèòòÿ, ñïіëêóâàííÿ ç ó÷èòåëÿìè òà ðîâåñíèêàìè, ìîæëèâіñòü ïіçíàâàòè íîâå íà êîæíîìó óðîöі. Ðîçäіë 8 ñòàíå ïіäñóìêîâîþ ñõîäèíêîþ â îïðàöþâàííі ïðîãðàìè äëÿ 6 êëàñó. Âè íàâ÷èòåñÿ ðîçïîâіäàòè ïðî âàøі óëþáëåíі øêіëüíі ïðåäìåòè. Ó ïіäðó÷íèêó òàêîæ ïîäàíî ãðàìàòè÷íèé äîâіäíèê òà àíãëî-óêðàїíñüêèé ñëîâíèê. Áàæàєìî, ùîá êîæåí óðîê çà íàøèì ïіäðó÷íèêîì äîäàâàâ âàì óïåâíåíîñòі ó ñâîїõ ñèëàõ òà äîïîìàãàâ âіä÷óòè ðàäіñòü ñïіëêóâàííÿ àíãëіéñüêîþ ìîâîþ. Ç ïîâàãîþ, Àëëà Íåñâіò 3

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Mary

Mrs and Mr Tyler

Sue

John

Mr and Mrs Johnson

Mrs and Mr Marks

Alice

Mrs and Mr Johnson

Tom

Mr and Mrs Gilbert

Mrs and Mr Gilbert

Grammar Lab Read and compare.

Old – older (ñòàðøèé çà âіêîì) – the oldest (íàéñòàðøèé çà âіêîì) Old – elder (ñòàðøèé çà íàðîäæåííÿì ó ðîäèíі) – the eldest (íàéñòàðøèé ó ðîäèíі) 1. Mary is two years older than Jim. / Mary is older than Jim by two years.

2. My granddad is the oldest member of the family.

1. There are three children in our family. My elder brother is Tom. My elder sister is Kate. Steve is the eldest child.

My elder sister is three years older than me. Maria is the eldest daughter. (Âîíà ðàíіøå âñіõ íàðîäèëàñÿ.) Helen is the oldest child. (Їé íàéáіëüøå ðîêіâ.)

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Self-assessment Think of your records. Decide how well you know it: 4 = very well, 3 = OK, 2 = a little, 1 = needs to improve

Skills

Now I can...

4

3

2

1

• give a simple description or presentation of people • describe people’s appearance and character • talk about people’s likes and dislikes • ask for / present information about my friend’s family • catch the main point in clear simple messages • understand and extract the essential information from short, recorded passages dealing with personal information • identify specific information in short stories about family and friends • write a short story about my relatives

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A Day with Grandpa

By Mildred Pitts Walter

A At noon Justin and his grandpa came up to a small shed1.

B “We’ll have our lunch here,” Grandpa said. He took black iron pots2, some plates, knives, spoons and a table from the shed.

They were going to cook outside.

C First, they collected wood, sticks and dry grass. Soon they had a hot fire. Grandpa carefully washed his hands. After that he began to cook their lunch.

D Justin watched how his Grandpa cooked. First he put raisins3 into a pot with a little water and placed them over the fire.

Then he put flour in a pan. After that he made a hole right in the middle of the flour. In that hole Grandpa put some shortening4. Then he added water. He mixed the flour, water and shortening.

E Soon Grandpa started to cook the biscuits. In a few minutes the smell was so delicious that Justin could hardly wait. ________________________ 1 2 3 4

A shed – óêðèòòÿ.

An iron pot – ìåòàëåâèé ãîðùèê.

Raisins – ðîäçèíêè.

Shortening – ñóìіø äëÿ âèïі÷êè.

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Self-assessment Think of your records. Decide how well you know it: 4 = very well, 3 = OK, 2 = a little, 1 = needs to improve

Skills

Now I can...

4

3

2

1

• explain what food and drinks I like/dislike • describe my everyday eating habits • get simple information about meals and favourite dishes • interact in structured situations • understand simple routine exchanges in predictable everyday situations • understand simple instructions related to food and meals • understand short, simple texts related to the topic • identify specific information in simple written material such as letters • write a letter to a friend about my typical meals during the day

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places we would like to visit.

I’m sure we’ll have a wonderful time together.

Self-assessment Think of your records. Decide how well you know it: 4 = very well, 3 = OK, 2 = a little, 1 = needs to improve

Skills

Now I can...

4

3

2

1

• describe my travelling experience • get simple information about travel, use of public transport, travel documents • ask for and give some pieces of advice • buy tickets and prepare for a trip • catch the main point in short, clear, simple messages • understand enough to keep conversation going • understand phrases and expressions related to travelling and transport • identify specific information found on the Internet • write a short story for a school magazine

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E x a m p l e: On Monday he is going to take pictures in Trafalgar Square.

MONDAY

TUESDAY

WEDNESDAY

Trafalgar Square

The Houses of Parliament

Westminster Abbey

THURSDAY

FRIDAY

SATURDAY

The Globe Theatre

St. Paul’s Cathedral The Tower of London

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2. Work in pairs. Look at the pictures. Ask and answer the questions about the pupils’ favourite school subjects.

E x a m p l e.

1. (Carol) A: What subjects does Carol like?

B: She likes English. She really likes P.E. A: Does she like Maths?

B: No, she doesn’t. She is not good at doing the sums.

2.

A: B: A: B:

(Peter) What .....?

He ..... Geography, but he ..... Spanish.

Does .....?

Yes, ..... ..... . He ..... Science, too.

3.

A: B: A: B:

(Mandy) What .....?

She ..... Drama and she ..... Music.

Does .....? ..... , she ..... . History is ..... .

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GRAMMAR REFERENCE ÃÐÀÌÀÒÈ×ÍÈÉ ÄÎÂІÄÍÈÊ THE ARTICLE Àðòèêëü Àðòèêëü – öå ñëóæáîâà ÷àñòèíà ìîâè, ÿêà âæèâàєòüñÿ ïåðåä іìåííèêîì.  àíãëіéñüêіé ìîâі є äâà àðòèêëі – íåîçíà÷åíèé (a/an) òà îçíà÷åíèé (the). Íåîçíà÷åíèé àðòèêëü (a/an) ïîõîäèòü âіä ÷èñëіâíèêà one і òîìó âæèâàєòüñÿ òіëüêè â îäíèíі çі çëі÷óâàíèìè іìåííèêàìè (countable nouns). Çëі÷óâàíі іìåííèêè – öå іìåííèêè, ÿêі ìàþòü ôîðìó îäíèíè òà ìíîæèíè, òîáòî їõ ìîæíà ïîðàõóâàòè. Íàïðèêëàä: a book, a pen, an egg, an orange. Ç íåçëі÷óâàíèìè іìåííèêàìè (uncountable nouns) íåîçíà÷åíèé àðòèêëü íå âæèâàєòüñÿ. Íåçëі÷óâàíі іìåííèêè òðåáà çàïàì’ÿòàòè: sugar, milk, water, advice, information, luggage, traffic, work, music, rain, weather, spaghetti, news, etc. Ç íåçëі÷óâàíèìè іìåííèêàìè âèêîðèñòîâóþòüñÿ äієñëîâà â îäíèíі; îçíà÷åíèé àðòèêëü the òà ñëîâà some, any, much, no. Íàïðèêëàä: Look! Here’s the luggage.

I’d like some milk.

Is there any juice? Ó ìíîæèíі íåîçíà÷åíèé àðòèêëü òàêîæ âіäñóòíіé (íóëüîâèé àðòèêëü): There is a book on the desk. There are books on the desk. Àðòèêëü a âæèâàєòüñÿ ïåðåä іìåííèêàìè, ÿêі ïî÷èíàþòüñÿ ç ãîëîñíèõ çâóêіâ (vowels): a, e, i, o, u. Àðòèêëü an âæèâàєòüñÿ ïåðåä іìåííèêàìè, ÿêі ïî÷èíàþòüñÿ ç ïðèãîëîñíèõ çâóêіâ (consonants): b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, z. Íàïðèêëàä: a cat, a desk, an apple, an umbrella. Âèíÿòêè: a uniform a useful book an hour 181

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Çàçâè÷àé àðòèêëü ñòàâèòüñÿ ïåðåä іìåííèêàìè, àëå ÿêùî іìåííèê ìàє îäíå àáî êіëüêà îçíà÷åíü, òî àðòèêëü ñòàâèòüñÿ ïåðåä íèìè: a day, a windy day, a very windy day. Íåîçíà÷åíèé àðòèêëü ïîêàçóє, ùî ïåâíèé ïðåäìåò íàëåæèòü äî ãðóïè îäíîðіäíèõ ïðåäìåòіâ, àëå íå âèäіëÿє éîãî: Give me a pen, please. – Äàé ìåíі ðó÷êó, áóäü ëàñêa. (Ó öüîìó ðå÷åííі àðòèêëü îçíà÷àє, ùî òîãî, õòî ïðîñèòü, âëàøòîâóє áóäü-ÿêèé îëіâåöü, à íå ÿêèéñü êîíêðåòíî). Îçíà÷åíèé àðòèêëü the ïîõîäèòü âіä âêàçіâíîãî çàéìåííèêà this (that). Âіí ïîêàçóє, ùî ïåâíèé ïðåäìåò ÿêèìîñü ÷èíîì âèäіëÿєòüñÿ ç ãðóïè îäíîðіäíèõ: Give me the pen, please. – Äàé ìåíі, áóäü ëàñêà, ðó÷êó. (Ó öüîìó ðå÷åííі ïðîñÿòü ÿêóñü ïåâíó ðó÷êó: òó, ùî â ðóêàõ ó ñïіâðîçìîâíèêà; òó, ùî çíàõîäèòüñÿ íà ñòîëі òîùî). Ó òàêîìó âèïàäêó àðòèêëü ìîæíà çàìіíèòè âêàçіâíèì çàéìåííèêîì this àáî that. Öå çàãàëüíîïðèéíÿòі ïðàâèëà âæèâàííÿ àðòèêëÿ, àëå іñíóє ùå áàãàòî ñïåöіàëüíèõ ïðàâèë, ç ÿêèìè âè îçíàéîìèòåñÿ íèæ÷å.

1. Íåîçíà÷åíèé àðòèêëü a/an âæèâàєòüñÿ, êîëè âïåðøå çãàäóєòüñÿ ïðî ÿêèéñü ïðåäìåò. ßêùî æ ïîâіäîìëÿєòüñÿ ïðî öåé ïðåäìåò çíîâó, òî âæèâàєìî îçíà÷åíèé àðòèêëü the. Íàïðèêëàä: Look! There is a cat in my room. The cat is brown and white.

2. Îçíà÷eíèé àðòèêëü âæèâàєòüñÿ ç íàçâàìè ìóçè÷íèõ іíñòðóìåíòіâ: I play the piano. She plays the guitar.

3. ßêùî ïîâіäîìëÿєòüñÿ ïðî çàíÿòòÿ ñïîðòîì, âæèâàííÿ їæі, íàçâè êðàїí ÷è ïðåäìåòè, ÿêі âèâ÷àєìî â øêîëі, òî àðòèêëі íå âæèâàþòüñÿ. Íàïðèêëàä: I play tennis.

I listen to the news at breakfast.

I have never been to Italy.

I like English.

4. Àðòèêëü òàêîæ íå âæèâà òüñÿ: à) ïåðåä ïðіçâèùàìè, іìåíàìè ëþäåé, êëè÷êàìè òâàðèí і ïòàõіâ: Stepanenko, Ivan, Nina, Druzhok, Murka.

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Ï ð è ì і ò ê à. ßêùî ïåðåä ïðіçâèùåì ó ìíîæèíі âæèâàєòüñÿ îçíà÷åíèé àðòèêëü, öå îçíà÷àє, ùî éäåòüñÿ ïðî âñіõ ÷ëåíіâ ñіì’ї: the Kovalenkos – Êîâàëåíêè; á) ïåðåä íàçâàìè êîíòèíåíòіâ, êðàїí, ìіñò, ñіë: Europe, Ukraine, Poland, Kyiv, Vesele. Âèíÿòêè: the Crimea, the Netherlands, the Philippines, the Ñaucasus. â) ÿêùî ïåðåä іìåííèêîì ñòîїòü ïðèñâіéíèé, âêàçіâíèé, ïèòàëüíèé çàéìåííèê àáî íåîçíà÷åíèé çàéìåííèê some, any, no, each, every: my sister, this book, that street, some students, no pens, each pupil, every day.

5. Ç îçíà÷åíèì àðòèêëåì the âæèâàþòüñÿ: à) íàçâè êðàїí, ùî ñêëàäàþòüñÿ іç çàãàëüíîãî іìåííèêà ç îäíèì àáî êіëüêîìà îçíà÷åííÿìè ïåðåä íèì; the United States of America, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; á) íàçâè ìîðіâ, îêåàíіâ, ðі÷îê, çàòîê, ïðîòîê, êàíàëіâ і ãіðñüêèõ õðåáòіâ: the Atlantic Ocean, the Black Sea, the Dnipro River, the Desna River, the Alps. Îçíà÷åíèé àðòèêëü the âæèâàєòüñÿ ç іìåííèêàìè ÿê â îäíèíі, òàê і â ìíîæèíі.

THE NOUN Іìåííèê Іìåííèêè â àíãëіéñüêіé ìîâі, ÿê і â óêðàїíñüêіé, âæèâàþòüñÿ â îäíèíі і ìíîæèíі.  óêðàїíñüêіé ìîâі іìåííèê – çìіííà ÷àñòèíà ìîâè, íàòîìіñòü â àíãëіéñüêіé ìîâі іìåííèêè íå çìіíþþòüñÿ (íå ìàþòü âіäìіíêîâèõ çàêіí÷åíü). Іìåííèêè â àíãëіéñüêіé ìîâі ïîäіëÿþòüñÿ íà çëі÷óâàíі (òі, ÿêі ìîæíà ïîðàõóâàòè) òà íåçëі÷óâàíі (òі, ÿêі íå ìîæíà ïîðàõóâàòè). Çëі÷óâàíі іìåííèêè ìàþòü ôîðìè îäíèíè òà ìíîæèíè, à íåçëі÷óâàíі ëèøå ôîðìó îäíèíè. Íàïðèêëàä: – çëі÷óâàíі: a book – books, a paper – papers; – íåçëі÷óâàíі: water, advice, juice, etc. Äî ãðóïè ïîçíà÷àþòü:

íåçëі÷óâàíèõ

іìåííèêіâ

íàëåæàòü

іìåííèêè,

ùî

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– ðіäèíè, òâåðäі ðå÷îâèíè, ãàçè òîùî: bread, butter, air, corn, flour, etc; – øêіëüíі ïðåäìåòè, íàóêè: Literature, Maths, History, etc; – ìîâè: English, French, Spanish, Ukrainian, etc; – íàçâè âèäіâ ñïîðòó: baseball, golf, football, cycling, billiards, etc; – íàçâè ïðèðîäíèõ ÿâèù: fog, snow, sunlight, shade, etc; – çáіðíі іìåííèêè: luggage, jewellery, money, rubbish, furniture, stationery, etc. Ï ð è ì і ò ê à: à) Ñëîâà, ùî ïîçíà÷àþòü íàçâè íàïîїâ, ìîæóòü âæèâàòèñÿ і ó çíà÷åííі çëі÷óâàíèõ іìåííèêіâ. Ïîðіâíÿéòå: Would you like a coffee? (= a cup of coffee) Two sodas, please. (= two cups of soda) Çíà÷íà êіëüêіñòü íåçëі÷óâàíèõ іìåííèêіâ, ìîæå ñòàòè çëі÷óâàíèìè â ñëîâîñïîëó÷åííÿõ çі ñëîâàìè a piece of, a box of, a cup of, a bag of, a game of òà іí. Íàïðèêëàä: a piece of advice, a loaf of bread, a glass of milk, a bottle of water, a kilo of meat, a bar of chocolate, a bag of flour, a pair of trousers, etc. Ôîðìà ìíîæèíè іìåííèêіâ óòâîðþєòüñÿ äîäàâàííÿì äî ôîðìè îäíèíè çàêіí÷åííÿ -s, ÿêå ïіñëÿ äçâіíêèõ ïðèãîëîñíèõ і ãîëîñíèõ âèìîâëÿєòüñÿ ÿê çâóê /z/, à ïіñëÿ ãëóõèõ ïðèãîëîñíèõ – ÿê /s/. Íàïðèêëàä: a pen – five pens /z/ a book – two books /s/ Іìåííèêè, ùî çàêіí÷óþòüñÿ íà -s, -ss, -x, -sh, -ch, ó ìíîæèíі ìàþòü çàêіí÷åííÿ -es, ÿêå âèìîâëÿєòüñÿ ÿê /iz/: a watch – seven watches /iz/ ßêùî іìåííèê â îäíèíі çàêіí÷óєòüñÿ íà -ó ç ïîïåðåäíüîþ ïðèãîëîñíîþ, ó ìíîæèíі äîäàєòüñÿ çàêіí÷åííÿ -es; ïðè öüîìó ó çìіíþєòüñÿ íà i: a story – three stories Ó äåÿêèõ іìåííèêіâ, ùî â îäíèíі çàêіí÷óþòüñÿ íà -f àáî -fe, ó ìíîæèíі f çìіíþєòüñÿ íà v і äîäàєòüñÿ çàêіí÷åííÿ -(e)s. a leaf – many leaves a knife – seven knives

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Âèíÿòêè: a roof – roofs, a belief – beliefs. Ôîðìà ìíîæèíè äåÿêèõ іìåííèêіâ óòâîðþєòüñÿ íå çà ïðàâèëàìè. Öі іìåííèêè íåîáõіäíî çàïàì’ÿòàòè: a man – men a woman – women a person – people a child – children a foot – feet a tooth – teeth a mouse – mice  àíãëіéñüêіé ìîâі іìåííèê ìàє äâà âіäìіíêè: ç à ã à ë ü í è é (the Common Case) і ï ð è ñ â і é í è é (the Possessive Case).

(N o t e: We don’t use these terms when teaching English in English.) Çàãàëüíèé âіäìіíîê íå ìàє ñïåöіàëüíèõ âіäìіíêîâèõ çàêіí÷åíü. Çâ’ÿçîê іìåííèêà ó çàãàëüíîìó âіäìіíêó ç іíøèìè ñëîâàìè â ðå÷åííі âèðàæàєòüñÿ ïðèéìåííèêàìè і ìіñöåì ó ðå÷åííі. Òàê, іìåííèê, ùî ñòîїòü ïåðåä ïðèñóäêîì, є ïіäìåòîì, à ïіñëÿ ïðèñóäêà — ïðÿìèì äîäàòêîì: The teacher asks the student. – Ó÷èòåëü çàïèòóє ó÷íÿ.

The student asks the teacher. – Ó÷åíü çàïèòóє â÷èòåëÿ. Ðіçíі çâ’ÿçêè іìåííèêà, ùî âіäïîâіäàþòü íåïðÿìèì âіäìіíêàì â óêðàїíñüêіé ìîâі, âèðàæàþòüñÿ çà äîïîìîãîþ ïðèéìåííèêіâ: The boy gave the book to his sister. – Õëîïåöü äàâ êíèæêó ñâîїé ñåñòðі.

The streets of the city were narrow. – Âóëèöі ìіñòà áóëè âóçüêі. Íå wrote with a pen. – Âіí ïèñàâ ðó÷êîþ. Ïðèñâіéíèé âіäìіíîê âêàçóє íà íàëåæíіñòü ïðåäìåòà ÿêіéñü îñîáі.  îäíèíі âіí óòâîðþєòüñÿ äîäàâàííÿì äî іìåííèêà àïîñòðîôà і çàêіí÷åííÿ -s, ÿêå âèìîâëÿєòüñÿ çà òèìè ñàìèìè ïðàâèëàìè, ùî é çàêіí÷åííÿ ìíîæèíè іìåííèêіâ. the girl’s book – êíèæêà äіâ÷èíêè the cat’s tail – õâіñò êîòà Ïðèñâіéíèé âіäìіíîê іìåííèêіâ ó ì í î æ è í і óòâîðþєòüñÿ äîäàâàííÿì äî íèõ àïîñòðîôà ïіñëÿ çàêіí÷åííÿ -s: students’ books – êíèæêè ñòóäåíòіâ ßêùî іìåííèê ó ìíîæèíі íå çàêіí÷óєòüñÿ íà -s, òî ïðèñâіéíèé âіäìіíîê óòâîðþєòüñÿ äîäàâàííÿì -’s: the children’s toys – äèòÿ÷і іãðàøêè 185

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Çàìіñòü ïðèñâіéíîãî âіäìіíêà ìîæå âæèâàòèñÿ іìåííèê ïðèéìåííèêîì of: my friend’s brother – the brother of my friend (áðàò ìîãî äðóãà)

іç

THE ADJECTIVE Ïðèêìåòíèê Ñòóïåíі ïîðіâíÿííÿ ïðèêìåòíèêіâ (Comparatives and Superlatives)  àíãëіéñüêіé ìîâі ïðèêìåòíèêè íå çìіíþþòüñÿ íі çà ðîäàìè, íі çà ÷èñëàìè, íі çà âіäìіíêàìè. Âîíè çìіíþþòüñÿ ëèøå çà ñòóïåíÿìè ïîðіâíÿííÿ. ßêіñíі ïðèêìåòíèêè ìàþòü î ñ í î â í ó ô î ð ì ó (the positive degree), â è ù è é (the comparative degree or comparatives) і í à é â è ù è é (the superlative degree or superlatives) ñ ò ó ï å í і ïîðіâíÿííÿ. Ôîðìè âèùîãî і íàéâèùîãî ñòóïåíіâ ïîðіâíÿííÿ ïðèêìåòíèêіâ ìîæóòü áóòè, ÿê і â óêðàїíñüêіé ìîâі, ï ð î ñ ò è ì è і ñ ê ë à ä å í è ì è. Ïðîñòі ôîðìè ñòóïåíіâ ïîðіâíÿííÿ ïðèêìåòíèêіâ óòâîðþþòüñÿ äîäàâàííÿì äî îñíîâíîї ôîðìè çàêіí÷åííÿ -år ó âèùîìó òà -est – ó íàéâèùîìó ñòóïåíі: old – older – the oldest. Ñêëàäåíі ôîðìè ñòóïåíіâ ïîðіâíÿííÿ óòâîðþþòüñÿ çà äîïîìîãîþ ñëіâ more (áіëüø) ó âèùîìó ñòóïåíі òà most (íàéáіëüø) – ó íàéâèùîìó. Îñíîâíà ôîðìà ïðèêìåòíèêà çàëèøàєòüñÿ áåç çìіí: beautiful – more beautiful – the most beautiful.  àíãëіéñüêіé ìîâі ïðîñòі ôîðìè ñòóïåíіâ ïîðіâíÿííÿ ìàþòü: à) óñі îäíîñêëàäîâі ïðèêìåòíèêè: short – shorter – shortest á) äâîñêëàäîâі ïðèêìåòíèêè, ùî çàêіí÷óþòüñÿ íà -ó, -er, -lå, -ow: easy – easier – easiest clever – cleverer – cleverest simple – simpler – simplest narrow – narrower – narrowest â) äâîñêëàäîâі ïðèêìåòíèêè ç íàãîëîñîì íà äðóãîìó ñêëàäі:

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polite – politer – politest Ñêëàäåíі ôîðìè ñòóïåíіâ ïîðіâíÿííÿ ìàþòü óñі áàãàòîñêëàäîâі ïðèêìåòíèêè і äâîñêëàäîâі ç íàãîëîñîì íà ïåðøîìó ñêëàäі, êðіì òèõ, ùî çàêіí÷óþòüñÿ íà -ó, -er, -le, -ow: interesting – more interesting – the most interesting famous – more famous – the most famous Âèíÿòêè: Ñòóïåíі ïîðіâíÿííÿ äåÿêèõ ïðèêìåòíèêіâ â àíãëіéñüêіé ìîâі, ÿê і â óêðàїíñüêіé, óòâîðèëèñÿ âіä іíøèõ êîðåíіâ. Їõ ïîòðіáíî çàïàì’ÿòàòè. good – better – the best bad – worse – the worst little – less – the least much (many) – more – the most

ãàðíèé – êðàùèé – íàéêðàùèé ïîãàíèé – ãіðøèé – íàéãіðøèé ìàëèé – ìåíøèé – íàéìåíøèé áàãàòî – áіëüøå – íàéáіëüøå

Ïðè óòâîðåííі ïðîñòèõ ôîðì ñòóïåíіâ ïîðіâíÿííÿ ïðèêìåòíèêіâ äîòðèìóþòüñÿ òàêèõ ïðàâèë îðôîãðàôі : à) ÿêùî ïðèêìåòíèê çàêіí÷óєòüñÿ íà -å, òî ïåðåä çàêіí÷åííÿìè -år òà -est âîíî âèïàäàє: nice – nicer – the nicest á) â îäíîñêëàäîâèõ ïðèêìåòíèêàõ ïåðåä çàêіí÷åííÿìè -åã òà -est ïîäâîþєòüñÿ êіíöåâà ïðèãîëîñíà, ÿêùî ïåðåä íåþ ñòîїòü êîðîòêèé ãîëîñíèé çâóê: big – bigger – the biggest â) ÿêùî ïðèêìåòíèê çàêіí÷óєòüñÿ áóêâîþ -ó ç ïîïåðåäíüîþ ïðèãîëîñíîþ, òî ïåðåä -er, -est ëіòåðà ó çìіíþєòüñÿ íà і: funny – funnier – the funniest Âèùèé ñòóïіíü ïîðіâíÿííÿ ïðèêìåòíèêіâ (comparatives) âæèâàєòüñÿ äëÿ ïîðіâíÿííÿ äâîõ ëþäåé, òâàðèí, ïðåäìåòіâ àáî ÿâèù.

She is taller than you. Íàéâèùèé ñòóïіíü ïîðіâíÿííÿ ïðèêìåòíèêіâ (superlatives) âæèâàєòüñÿ äëÿ ïîðіâíÿííÿ òðüîõ і áіëüøå ëþäåé, òâàðèí, ïðåäìåòіâ àáî ÿâèù.

It is the shortest story in the book.

This is the most dangerous fish in the sea.

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THE NUMERAL ×èñëіâíèê  àíãëіéñüêіé ìîâі ÷èñëіâíèêè ïîäіëÿþòüñÿ íà êіëüêіñíі (cardinal) òà ïîðÿäêîâі (ordinal).

1 – one 2 – two 3 – three 4 – four 5 – five 6 – six 7 – seven 8 – eight 9 – nine 10 – ten 11 – eleven 12 – twelve 13 – thirteen 14 – fourteen 15 – fifteen 16 – sixteen 17 – seventeen

Cardinal Numerals 18 – eighteen 19 – nineteen 20 – twenty 21 – twenty-one 22 – twenty-two 23 – twenty-three 24 – twenty-four 25 – twenty-five 26 – twenty-six 30 – thirty 40 – forty 50 – fifty 60 – sixty 70 – seventy 80 – eighty 90 – ninety 100 – a hundred / one hundred

Ïîðÿäêîâі ÷èñëіâíèêè (ordinal), êðіì ïåðøèõ òðüîõ, óòâîðþþòüñÿ øëÿõîì äîäàâàííÿì ñóôіêñà -th äî âіäïîâіäíèõ êіëüêіñíèõ ÷èñëіâíèêіâ. Ïðè öüîìó äåÿêі ç íèõ çàçíàþòü çìіí ó íàïèñàííі é âèìîâі.

1st

– first 2nd – second 3rd – third 4th – fourth 5th – fifth 6th – sixth 7th – seventh 8th – eighth 9th – ninth 10th – tenth 11th – eleventh 12th – twelfth 13th – thirteenth 14th – fourteenth 15th – fifteenth

Ordinal Numerals 16th – sixteenth 17th – seventeenth 19th – nineteenth 20th – twentieth 21st – twenty-first 22nd – twenty-second 23rd – twenty-third 24th – twenty-fourth 25th – twenty-fifth 26th – twenty-sixth 30th – thirtieth 40th – fortieth 50th – fiftieth 60th – sixtieth 70th – seventieth

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80th – eightieth 90th – ninetieth

100th – one hundredth

Çàçâè÷àé ïîðÿäêîâі ÷èñëіâíèêè âæèâàþòüñÿ ç îçíà÷åíèì àðòèêëåì.

THE PRONOUN Çàéìåííèê Çàéìåííèê – ÷àñòèíà ìîâè, ùî ëèøå âêàçóє íà ïðåäìåò, îçíàêó òà êіëüêіñòü, àëå íå íàçèâàє éîãî.  àíãëіéñüêіé ìîâі çàéìåííèêè ïîäіëÿþòüñÿ íà: îñîáîâі, ïðèñâіéíі, çâîðîòíі, âêàçіâíі, íåîçíà÷åíі, ïèòàëüíі. Îñîáîâі çàéìåííèêè (Personal Prounouns) Îñîáîâі çàéìåííèêè â àíãëіéñüêіé ìîâі ìàþòü äâà âіäìіíêè: í à ç è â í è é і î á ’ є ê ò í è é. Íàçèâíèé âіäìіíîê: I–ÿ you – òè he – âіí she – âîíà it – âîíî (âіí, âîíà – äëÿ íåæèâèõ ïðåäìåòіâ і òâàðèí) we – ìè you – âè they – âîíè Îñîáîâі çàéìåííèêè â íàçèâíîìó âіäìіíêó âèêîíóþòü ôóíêöіþ ïіäìåòà (subject pronouns): The girl is reading. – She is reading.

Mark likes ice cream very much. – He likes ice cream very much. Îá’ êòíèé âіäìіíîê: me – ìåíå, ìåíі you – òåáå, òîáі him – éîãî, éîìó her – її, їé it – éîãî, éîìó, її, їé us – íàñ, íàì you – âàñ, âàì them – їõ, їì

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Îñîáîâі çàéìåííèêè â îá’єêòíîìó âіäìіíêó âèêîíóþòü ôóíêöіþ äîäàòêà (object pronouns).

I like him. Ïіñëÿ ïðèéìåííèêіâ îñîáîâі çàéìåííèêè âæèâàþòüñÿ ëèøå ó ôîðìі îá’єêòíîãî âіäìіíêà.

Dan talks to her.

The Possessive Pronouns Ïðèñâіéíі çàéìåííèêè Ïðèñâіéíі çàéìåííèêè ìàþòü äâі ôîðìè: âіäíîñíó, ÿêà âæèâàєòüñÿ ëèøå ÿê îçíà÷åííÿ äî іìåííèêà (possessive adjectives), òà àáñîëþòíó, ÿêà âæèâàєòüñÿ ñàìîñòіéíî, òîáòî áåç іìåííèêà (possessive pronouns). Âіäíîñíà ôîðìà my your his her its our their

Àáñîëþòíà ôîðìà mine yours his hers its ours theirs

This is your book. Give me mine. – Öå òâîÿ êíèæêà. Äàé ìåíі ìîþ.  àíãëіéñüêіé ìîâі íåìàє òàêîãî ïðèñâіéíîãî çàéìåííèêà, ùî âіäïîâіäàâ áè óêðàїíñüêîìó çàéìåííèêó ñâіé. Îñòàííіé ïåðåêëàäàєòüñÿ íà àíãëіéñüêó ìîâó ðіçíèìè ïðèñâіéíèìè çàéìåííèêàìè çàëåæíî âіä îñîáè, ÿêîї âіí ñòîñóєòüñÿ: I read my book yesterday. – ß ÷èòàâ ñâîþ êíèæêó â÷îðà.

She read her book yesterday. – Âîíà ÷èòàëà ñâîþ êíèæêó â÷îðà.

The Reflexive Pronouns Çâîðîòíі çàéìåííèêè Âіä ïðèñâіéíèõ çàéìåííèêіâ my, our, your і ò. ä. øëÿõîì äîäàâàííÿ çàêіí÷åíü -self (â îäíèíі) òà -selves (ó ìíîæèíі) óòâîðþþòüñÿ çâîðîòíі çàéìåííèêè myself, ourselves, yourselves і ò. ä., ÿêі ÷àñòî âіäïîâіäàþòü óêðàїíñüêèì ñåáå â ðіçíèõ âіäìіíêàõ òà ñàì.

I have done it myself. – ß çðîáèâ öå ñàì.

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THE ADVERB Ïðèñëіâíèê Ïðèñëіâíèê â àíãëіéñüêіé ìîâі, ÿê і â óêðàїíñüêіé, – öå ÷àñòèíà ìîâè, ùî âêàçóє íà îçíàêó äії (ñòàíó) àáî ÿêîñòі.

Nina studies very well.

He speaks loudly. Ïðèñëіâíèêè ïîäіëÿþòüñÿ íà ïðîñòі é ïîõіäíі. Äî ïîõіäíèõ ïðèñëіâíèêіâ íàëåæàòü òàêі, ÿêі óòâîðþþòüñÿ äîäàâàííÿì ñóôіêñіâ äî ïðèêìåòíèêіâ òà іìåííèêіâ. Áіëüøіñòü ïðèñëіâíèêіâ óòâîðþþòüñÿ âіä ïðèêìåòíèêіâ çà äîïîìîãîþ ñóôіêñà -ly: usual – usually Âèíÿòêè: good – well fast – fast hard – hard Äåÿêі ïðàâèëà ïðàâîïèñó. ßêùî ïðèêìåòíèê çàêіí÷óєòüñÿ íà -y, çìіíіòü éîãî òà äîäàéòå ñóôіêñ -ly: noisy – noisily Çàêіí÷åííÿ -e çàëèøàєòüñÿ ïåðåä ñóôіêñîì -ly: nice – nicely Âèíÿòîê: true – truly Çàêіí÷åííÿ -le çìіíþєòüñÿ íà -ly: possible – possibly Çà ñâîїì çíà÷åííÿì ïðèñëіâíèêè â àíãëіéñüêіé ìîâі ïîäіëÿþòüñÿ íà îêðåìі ãðóïè. Ðîçãëÿíåìî äåÿêі çíèõ.

Adverbs of manner (ïðèñëіâíèêè ñïîñîáó äі ): badly, well, slowly, quickly òà іí. ïîêàçóþòü, ÿê âіäáóâàєòüñÿ äіÿ. ßê ïðàâèëî, òàêі ïðèñëіâíèêè ñòîÿòü ó êіíöі ðå÷åííÿ, àëå òі, ÿêі çàêіí÷óþòüñÿ íà -ly, іíêîëè ìîæóòü çíàõîäèòèñÿ і âñåðåäèíі ðå÷åííÿ.

We ran to the river quickly.

We quickly ran to the river.

Adverbs of time (ïðèñëіâíèêè ÷àñó): today, yesterday, soon, now, late, then, when, since, before òà adverbs of place (ïðèñëіâíèêè ìіñöÿ): 191

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here, there, above, downstairs, outside, where – çàçâè÷àé âæèâàþòüñÿ íà ïî÷àòêó àáî â êіíöі ðå÷åííÿ.

He was not at school yesterday. – Éîãî íå áóëî ó øêîëі â÷îðà.

Tomorrow we have six lessons. – Çàâòðà ìè ìàєìî øіñòü óðîêіâ.

Adverbs of Frequency (ïðèñëіâíèêè ÷àñòîòíîñòі): often, never, ever, always, sometimes, seldom òà іí., ÿê ïðàâèëî, âæèâàþòüñÿ âñåðåäèíі ðå÷åííÿ, ìіæ ïіäìåòîì òà ïðèñóäêîì, àáî ïіñëÿ ôîðì äîïîìіæíîãî äієñëîâà to be.

I sometimes visit my friends.

Do you usually go to the library on Saturday?

I am occasionally good at writing test. Ïðèñëіâíèêè normally, usually, often, sometimes òà occasionally ìîæóòü òàêîæ âæèâàòèñÿ íà ïî÷àòêó ðå÷åííÿ.

Normally we have five lessons on Thursday. – Çàçâè÷àé ìè ìàєìî ï’ÿòü óðîêіâ ó ÷åòâåð.

THE VERB Äі ñëîâî Äі ñëîâî – öå ÷àñòèíà ìîâè, ÿêà îçíà÷àє äіþ ïðåäìåòà. Îñîáëèâіñòþ àíãëіéñüêîї ìîâè є òå, ùî â íіé äóæå ëåãêî ìîæíà óòâîðèòè äієñëîâà ïðàêòè÷íî âіä áóäü-ÿêîãî іìåííèêà, íàçâè ïðåäìåòà ÷è ÿâèùà. Äëÿ öüîãî ÷àñòî äîñòàòíüî äîäàòè ïåðåä ñëîâîì ñëóæáîâó ÷àñòèíó ìîâè – ÷àñòêó to. Íàïðèêëàä: work – ðîáîòà to work – ïðàöþâàòè Äієñëîâî â àíãëіéñüêіé ìîâі ìàє îñîáîâі é íåîñîáîâі ôîðìè. Îñîáîâі ôîðìè äієñëîâà âêàçóþòü íà îñîáó, ÷èñëî, ñïîñіá, ÷àñ äії і ñòàí. Äî îñîáîâèõ íàëåæàòü ôîðìè äієñëîâà â òðüîõ îñîáàõ îäíèíè і ìíîæèíè, â óñіõ ÷àñàõ àêòèâíîãî і ïàñèâíîãî ñòàíó, â äіéñíîìó і íàêàçîâîìó ñïîñîáàõ. Öі ôîðìè äієñëіâ âæèâàþòüñÿ â ðå÷åííі â ðîëі ïðèñóäêà.

I study English at school. – ß âèâ÷àþ àíãëіéñüêó ìîâó ó øêîëі.

We study English at school. – Ìè âèâ÷àєìî àíãëіéñüêó ìîâó ó øêîëі.

Study English at school! – Âèâ÷àéòå àíãëіéñüêó ìîâó ó øêîëі.  àíãëіéñüêіé ìîâі ðîçðіçíÿþòü ÷îòèðè ãðóïè ÷àñîâèõ ôîðì äієñëîâà: Simple Tenses – íåîçíà÷åíі ÷àñè 192

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Continuous Tenses – òðèâàëі ÷àñè Perfect Tenses – ïåðôåêòíі / äîêîíàíі ÷àñè Perfect Continuous Tenses – ïåðôåêòíî-òðèâàëі ÷àñè Ó êîæíіé ãðóïі, êðіì òåïåðіøíüîãî (Present), ìèíóëîãî (Past) òà ìàéáóòíüîãî ÷àñó (Future), є ùå ôîðìà Future-in-the-Past, ùî âèðàæàє ìàéáóòíþ äіþ âіäíîñíî ìèíóëîãî ÷àñó. Çà ñïîñîáîì óòâîðåííÿ Past Simple òà Past Participle äієñëîâà â àíãëіéñüêіé ìîâі ïîäіëÿþòü íà ïðàâèëüíі é íåïðàâèëüíі. Ïðàâèëüíі äієñëîâà óòâîðþþòü äðóãó òà òðåòþ ôîðìè äîäàâàííÿì çàêіí÷åííÿ -ed äî áàçîâîї ôîðìè. work – worked – worked play – played – played try – tried – tried Íåïðàâèëüíі äієñëîâà óòâîðþþòü öі ôîðìè ïî-ðіçíîìó, òîìó їõ òðåáà çàïàì’ÿòàòè, ñêîðèñòàâøèñü òàáëèöåþ íåïðàâèëüíèõ äієñëіâ (äèâ. ôîðçàöè). write – wrote – written  àíãëіéñüêіé ìîâі є ùå é òàê çâàíі äîïîìіæíі äі ñëîâà. Âîíè ñëóãóþòü äëÿ ïîáóäîâè ñòâåðäæóâàëüíîї, çàïåðå÷íîї òà ïèòàëüíîї ôîðì äієñëîâà ó ðіçíèõ ãðóïàõ ÷àñіâ. Ó øîñòîìó êëàñі âèâ÷àþòüñÿ äåÿêі ÷àñè ãðóï Simple, Continuous òà Perfect.

PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE Òåïåðіøíіé ïðîñòèé (íåîçíà÷åíèé) ÷àñ Òåïåðіøíіé ïðîñòèé (íåîçíà÷åíèé) ÷àñ âæèâà òüñÿ: • äëÿ âèðàæåííÿ ïîñòіéíîї àáî ïîâòîðþâàíîї äії ÷è çâè÷êè, ÿêà õàðàêòåðèçóє ïіäìåò òà âіäáóâàєòüñÿ âçàãàëі, à íå â ìîìåíò ìîâëåííÿ: I go to school on foot.

I get up at seven o’clock.

• ç äієñëîâàìè to see, to know, to hear, to feel, to want, to hate, to love, to understand òà äåÿêèìè іíøèìè äëÿ âèðàæåííÿ äії, ùî âіäáóâàєòüñÿ â ìîìåíò ìîâëåííÿ: I see Ann near my house.

• äëÿ âèðàæåííÿ äóìîê, ïî÷óòòіâ ÷è íàäàííÿ ïîñòіéíîї õàðàêòåðèñòèêè: She plays the piano.

• äëÿ âèðàæåííÿ íåçìіííîї іñòèíè, çàãàëüíîâіäîìîãî ôàêòó, íåîáìåæåíîãî ÷àñîâèìè ðàìêàìè: Spring comes after winter.

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Ñòâåðäæóâàëüíà ôîðìà äієñëîâà â òåïåðіøíüîìó ïðîñòîìó (íåîçíà÷åíîìó) ÷àñі â óñіõ îñîáàõ îäíèíè òà ìíîæèíè ñïіâïàäàє ç áàçîâîþ ôîðìîþ äієñëîâà áåç ÷àñòêè to. Єäèíèé âèíÿòîê – òðåòÿ îñîáà îäíèíè, äå äîäàєòüñÿ çàêіí÷åííÿ -s àáî -es.

I play.

You play.

He (She, It) plays.

We (They) play. Çàêіí÷åííÿ -s ïіñëÿ ãëóõèõ ïðèãîëîñíèõ âèìîâëÿєòüñÿ ÿê çâóê /s/, à ïіñëÿ äçâіíêèõ ïðèãîëîñíèõ і ãîëîñíèõ – ÿê /z/.

She speaks. /s/ He reads. /z/ ßêùî îñíîâà äієñëîâà çàêіí÷óєòüñÿ íà -s, -sh, -ss, -ch, -tch, -x, òî â òðåòіé îñîáі îäíèíè äî äієñëîâà äîäàєòüñÿ çàêіí÷åííÿ -es, ÿêå âèìîâëÿєòüñÿ ÿê /iz/: She watches TV every day. – Âîíà äèâèòüñÿ òåëåâіçîð ùîäíÿ. ßêùî äієñëîâî çàêіí÷óєòüñÿ íà -y ç ïîïåðåäíüîþ ïðèãîëîñíîþ, òî ïåðåä -es áóêâà -y çìіíþєòüñÿ íà -i: He tries. ßêùî ïåðåä -y ñòîїòü ãîëîñíà, òî äî äієñëîâà äîäàєòüñÿ ëèøå çàêіí÷åííÿ -s: He plays football on Sundays. – Âіí ãðàє ó ôóòáîë ùîíåäіëі. Çàïåðå÷íà ôîðìà â Present Simple Tense óòâîðþєòüñÿ çà äîïîìîãîþ äîïîìіæíîãî äієñëîâà do (does), çàïåðå÷íîї ÷àñòêè not òà áàçîâîї ôîðìè îñíîâíîãî äієñëîâà áåç ÷àñòêè to.

I don’t work. / He doesn’t work. / You don’t work. Ïèòàëüíà ôîðìà Present Simple Tense óòâîðþєòüñÿ ç äîïîìіæíîãî äієñëîâà do (does) òà áàçîâîї ôîðìè îñíîâíîãî äієñëîâà áåç ÷àñòêè to. Äîïîìіæíå äієñëîâî ñòàâèòüñÿ ïåðåä ïіäìåòîì.

Do I work?

Do we work?

Do you work?

Do you work?

Does he (she) work? Do they work?

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Êîðîòêі âіäïîâіäі: – Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.

– Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t. Âіäìіíþâàííÿ äі ñëîâà to be: Affirmative (Ñòâåðäæóâàëüíà ôîðìà) I am.

You are.

He (she, it) is.

We are.

You are.

They are.

Negative (Çàïåðå÷íà ôîðìà) I am not.

You are not.

He (She, It) is not.

We are not.

You are not.

They are not.

Interrogative (Ïèòàëüíà ôîðìà) Am I? Are you?

Is he (she, it) is?

Are we?

Are you?

Are they?

Short answers (Êîðîòêі âіäïîâіäі) Yes, Yes, Yes, Yes, Yes, Yes,

I am. you are. he (she, it) is. we are. you are. they are.

No, No, No, No, No, No,

I am not. / No, I’m not. you are not. / No, you aren’t. he (she, it) is not (isn’t.) we are not. / No, we aren’t. you are not. / No, you aren’t. they are not. / No, they aren’t.

Âіäìіíþâàííÿ äі ñëîâà to have: Affirmative Negative (Ñòâåðäæóâàëüíà ôîðìà) (Çàïåðå÷íà ôîðìà) I have.

I do not have.

You have.

You do not have.

Interrogative (Ïèòàëüíà ôîðìà) Do I have?

Do you have?

He (she, it) has.

We have.

He (She, It) does not have. Does he (she, it) have?

We do not have.

Do we have?

You have.

They have.

You do not have.

They do not have.

Do you have?

Do they have?

Short answers (Êîðîòêі âіäïîâіäі) Yes, Yes, Yes, Yes, Yes, Yes,

I have. you have. he (she, it) has. we have. you have. they have.

No, No, No, No, No, No,

I do not (don’t) have. you do not (don’t) have. he (she, it) does not (doesn’t) have. we do not (don’t) have. you do not (don’t) have. they do not (don’t) have.

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PAST SIMPLE TENSE Ìèíóëèé ïðîñòèé (íåîçíà÷åíèé) ÷àñ Past Simple Tense âæèâàєòüñÿ äëÿ âèðàæåííÿ îäíîðàçîâîї àáî ïîñòіéíîї äії â ìèíóëîìó, ÿêà íå ïîâ’ÿçàíà ç òåïåðіøíіì ìîìåíòîì ìîâëåííÿ. Çàçíà÷åíèé ÷àñ oïèñóє ìèíóëі ïîäії. Íà óêðàїíñüêó ìîâó âіí ïåðåêëàäàєòüñÿ ìèíóëèì ÷àñîì äîêîíàíîãî àáî íåäîêîíàíîãî âèäó çàëåæíî âіä çìіñòó ðå÷åííÿ.

Past Simple Tense ÷àñòî âæèâàєòüñÿ ç îáñòàâèííèìè ñëîâàìè yesterday ó÷îðà, last week ìèíóëîãî òèæíÿ, last year òîðіê, last summer ìèíóëîãî ëіòà, the other day íåäàâíî, öèìè äíÿìè òîùî.

I went to the library on Saturday. – ß õîäèâ äî áіáëіîòåêè ó ñóáîòó. Äëÿ òîãî ùîá óòâîðèòè ñòâåðäæóâàëüíó ôîðìó Past Simple Tense, òðåáà äî áàçîâîї ôîðìè ïðàâèëüíîãî äієñëîâà äîäàòè çàêіí÷åííÿ -ed. І worked.

You worked. Íå (She) worked.

We worked.

They worked. Çàêіí÷åííÿ -ed âèìîâëÿєòüñÿ òàê: /t/ – ïіñëÿ ãëóõèõ ïðèãîëîñíèõ, êðіì t: to help – helped /t/; /d/ – ïіñëÿ äçâіíêèõ ïðèãîëîñíèõ, êðіì d, і ïіñëÿ ãîëîñíèõ: to open – opened /d/; /id/ – ïіñëÿ ïðèãîëîñíèõ t, d: to want – wanted /id/. Äієñëîâà, ùî çàêіí÷óþòüñÿ â іíôіíіòèâі áóêâîþ -ó, ÿêіé ïåðåäóє ïðèãîëîñíà, çìіíþþòü -ó íà -і ïåðåä çàêіí÷åííÿì -ed: to study – studied: Äієñëîâà, ùî çàêіí÷óþòüñÿ áóêâîþ -e, âòðà÷àþòü її ïåðåä çàêіí÷åííÿì -ed: to live – lived.

Past Simple Tense íåïðàâèëüíèõ äієñëіâ òðåáà çàïàì’ÿòàòè (äèâ. ñïèñîê íåïðàâèëüíèõ äієñëіâ). ßê ïðàâèëüíі, òàê і íåïðàâèëüíі äієñëîâà â Past Simple Tense ìàþòü îäíàêîâó ôîðìó äëÿ âñіõ îñіá îäíèíè і ìíîæèíè. І read a book yesterday.

You read a book yesterday.

He (She) read a book yesterday.

We read a book yesterday.

They read a book yesterday.

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Âèíÿòîê ñòàíîâèòü äієñëîâî to be: I was He (She, It) was We were You were They were Ïèòàëüíà і çàïåðå÷íà ôîðìè Past Simple Tense óòâîðþþòüñÿ çà òèìè ñàìèìè ïðàâèëàìè, ùî é Present Simple Tense, àëå äîïîìіæíå äієñëîâî to do âæèâàєòüñÿ â Past Simple (did) â óñіõ îñîáàõ.

I did not play.

You did not play.

He (She, It) did not play.

Affirmative (Ñòâåðäæóâàëüíà ôîðìà) I played.

You played.

He (She, It) played.

We played.

You played.

They played.

Negative (Çàïåðå÷íà ôîðìà) I did not play.

You did not play.

He (She, It) did not play.

We did not play.

You did not play.

They did not play.

Interrogative (Ïèòàëüíà ôîðìà) Did I play?

Did you play?

Did he (she, it) play?

Did we play?

Did you play?

Did they play?

Short answers (Êîðîòêі âіäïîâіäі) Yes, Yes, Yes, Yes, Yes, Yes,

I did. you did. he (she, it) did. we did. you did. they did.

No, No, No, No, No, No,

I did not. / No, I didn’t. you did not. / No, you didn’t. he (she, it) did not (didn’t.) we did not. / No, we didn’t. you did not. / No, you didn’t. they did not. / No, they didn’t.

FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE Ìàéáóòíіé ïðîñòèé (íåîçíà÷åíèé) ÷àñ Future Simple Tense âæèâàєòüñÿ äëÿ âèðàæåííÿ îäíîðàçîâîї, ïîñòіéíîї àáî ïîâòîðþâàíîї äії, ùî âіäáóäåòüñÿ â ìàéáóòíüîìó. Ïðè öüîìó ÷àñòî âæèâàþòüñÿ òàêі ñëîâà: tomorrow – çàâòðà, next week – íàñòóïíîãî òèæíÿ, next month – íàñòóïíîãî ìіñÿöÿ, next year – íàñòóïíîãî ðîêó òîùî.

I will go to the library tomorrow. – ß ïіäó äî áіáëіîòåêè çàâòðà.  ñó÷àñíіé àíãëіéñüêіé ìîâі ñòâåðäæóâàëüíà, ïèòàëüíà òà çàïåðå÷íà ôîðìè Future Simple Tense óòâîðþþòüñÿ çà äîïîìîãîþ äîïîìіæíîãî äієñëîâà will òà áàçîâîї ôîðìè îñíîâíîãî äієñëîâà áåç ÷àñòêè to.

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Ó çàãàëüíîìó çàïèòàííі äîïîìіæíå äієñëîâî will ñòàâèòüñÿ ïåðåä ïіäìåòîì.

Affirmative (Ñòâåðäæóâàëüíà ôîðìà)

Negative (Çàïåðå÷íà ôîðìà)

Interrogative (Ïèòàëüíà ôîðìà)

I will (I’ll) read.

I will not (won’t) read.

Will I read?

You will (you’ll) read.

He will (he’ll) read.

She will (she’ll) read.

It will (it’ll) read.

We will (we’ll) read.

You will not (won’t) read.

He will not (won’t) read.

She will not (won’t) read.

It will (won’t) read.

We will not (won’t) read.

Will you read?

Will he read?

Will she read?

Will we read?

CONTINUOUS TENSES Òðèâàëі ÷àñè ×àñè ãðóïè Continuous âæèâàþòüñÿ äëÿ âèðàæåííÿ äії ÿê ïðîöåñó, òîáòî äії, ùî òðèâàє â ìîìåíò ìîâëåííÿ ÷è â òåïåðіøíіé ïåðіîä ÷àñó (Present Continuous Tense), òðèâàëà â ÿêèéñü ìîìåíò ÷è ïåðіîä ÷àñó â ìèíóëîìó (Past Continuous Tense), òðèâàòèìå â ïåâíèé ìîìåíò ÷è ïåðіîä ÷àñó â ìàéáóòíüîìó (Future Continuous Tense). ×àñè ãðóïè Continuous óòâîðþþòüñÿ ç äîïîìіæíîãî äієñëîâà to be ó âіäïîâіäíіé ÷àñîâіé ôîðìі òà äієïðèêìåòíèêà òåïåðіøíüîãî ÷àñó (Present Participle) îñíîâíîãî äієñëîâà.

Present Participle óòâîðþєòüñÿ äîäàâàííÿì çàêіí÷åííÿ -ing äî іíôіíіòèâà îñíîâíîãî äієñëîâà áåç ÷àñòêè to: read – reading Äієñëîâà, ùî çàêіí÷óþòüñÿ â іíôіíіòèâі íà -å, âòðà÷àþòü éîãî ïåðåä çàêіí÷åííÿì -ing: give – giving. Ó äієñëîâàõ, ùî çàêіí÷óþòüñÿ íà ïðèãîëîñíó ç ïîïåðåäíüîþ êîðîòêîþ íàãîëîøåíîþ ãîëîñíîþ, ïåðåä çàêіí÷åííÿì -ing êіíöåâà ïðèãîëîñíà ïîäâîþєòüñÿ: to run – running, to sit – sitting. ßêùî äієñëîâî çàêіí÷óєòüñÿ áóêâîñïîëó÷åííÿì -іå, òî ïåðåä çàêіí÷åííÿì -ing, -іå çìіíþєòüñÿ íà -ó: lie – lying.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE Òåïåðіøíіé òðèâàëèé ÷àñ Òåïåðіøíіé òðèâàëèé ÷àñ âæèâàєòüñÿ äëÿ âèðàæåííÿ äії, ÿêà âіäáóâàєòüñÿ â ìîìåíò ìîâëåííÿ. Present Continuous Tense ìîæå âæèâàòèñÿ ç òàêèìè ñëîâàìè, ùî ïîçíà÷àþòü ÷àñ âèêîíàííÿ äії: now, at the moment, at present.

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Ç òàêèìè ñëîâàìè, ÿê: to believe, to feel, to hear, to know, to like, to see, to smell, to sound, to taste, to think, to understand, to want – òåïåðіøíіé òðèâàëèé ÷àñ íå âæèâàєòüñÿ, çàìіñòü íüîãî âæèâàєìî Present Simple Tense.

Affirmative (Ñòâåðäæóâàëüíà ôîðìà) I am working.

You are working.

He (she, it) is working.

We are working.

You are working.

They are working.

Negative (Çàïåðå÷íà ôîðìà) I am not working.

You are not working.

He (she, it) is not working.

We are not working.

You are not working.

They are not working.

Interrogative (Ïèòàëüíà ôîðìà) Am I working?

Are you working?

Is he (she, it) working?

Are we working?

Are you working?

Are they working?

Short answers (Êîðîòêі âіäïîâіäі) Yes, Yes, Yes, Yes, Yes, Yes,

I am. you are. he (she, it) is. we are. you are. they are.

No, No, No, No, No, No,

I am not. / (I’m not.) you are not. / No, you aren’t. he (she, it) is not (isn’t.) we are not. / No, we aren’t. you are not. / No, you aren’t. they are not. / No, they aren’t.

Present Continuous Tense òàêîæ âæèâàєòüñÿ äëÿ âèðàæåííÿ çàïëàíîâàíîї äії â íàéáëèæ÷îìó ìàéáóòíüîìó, ÿêà íàé÷àñòіøå âèðàæàєòüñÿ ñëîâàìè, ùî îçíà÷àþòü ðóõ.

I am going to Kyiv tomorrow. – Çàâòðà ÿ їäó äî Êèєâà.

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE Òåïåðіøíіé äîêîíàíèé (çàâåðøåíèé) ÷àñ Present Perfect Tense âæèâàєòüñÿ: • äëÿ ïîçíà÷åííÿ ÷àñó, ÿêèé ïî÷àâñÿ â ìèíóëîìó òà ïðîäîâæóєòüñÿ ïіä ÷àñ ìîâëåííÿ: I have lived here all my life. – ß ìåøêàþ òóò óñå ñâîє æèòòÿ; • êîëè є ðåçóëüòàò äії. Ó öüîìó âèïàäêó ìè íå âêàçóєìî ÷àñ. Ïðèñóäîê ïåðåêëàäàєòüñÿ äієñëîâîì äîêîíàíîãî âèäó: I have already written a letter. – ß âæå íàïèñàâ ëèñòà.

Present Perfect Tense âæèâàєòüñÿ ç ïðèñëіâíèêàìè just – ùîéíî, already – âæå, yet – ùå òà ïðèéìåííèêàìè for – ïðîòÿãîì, since – ç.

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Yet (ùå) âæèâàєòüñÿ íàïðèêіíöі ïèòàëüíîãî òà çàïåðå÷íîãî ðå÷åíü: I have not read the book yet. – ß ùå íå ïðî÷èòàâ êíèæêó.

For (ïðîòÿãîì) ïîçíà÷àє ïåðіîä òðèâàëîñòі äії: I have known him for five years. – ß çíàþ éîãî ï’ÿòü ðîêіâ.

Since (ç) âêàçóє íà ïî÷àòîê äії: We have lived in Lviv since 1998. – Ìè æèâåìî ó Ëüâîâі ç 1998 ðîêó.

Present Perfect Tense yòâîðþєòüñÿ çà äîïîìîãîþ äієñëîâà to have y Present Simple Tense òà äієïðèêìåòíèêà ìèíóëîãî ÷àñó. Äëÿ òîãî ùîá óòâîðèòè äієïðèêìåòíèê ìèíóëîãî ÷àñó âіä ïðàâèëüíèõ äієñëіâ, òðåáà äîäàòè çàêіí÷åííÿ -ed äî áàçîâîї ôîðìè äієñëîâà; äëÿ íåïðàâèëüíèõ äієñëіâ – öå ôîðìè, ÿêі çíàõîäÿòüñÿ â òðåòіé êîëîíöі ñïèñêó íåïðàâèëüíèõ äієñëіâ.

Affirmative Negative Interrogative (Ñòâåðäæóâàëüíà ôîðìà) (Çàïåðå÷íà ôîðìà) (Ïèòàëüíà ôîðìà) I have done.

I have not done.

Have I done?

You have done.

You have not done.

Have you done?

He (she, it) has done.

He (she, it) has not done. Has he (she, it) done?

We have done.

You have done.

They have done.

Wet have not done.

You have not done.

They have not done.

Have we done?

Have you done?

Have they done?

Short answers (Êîðîòêі âіäïîâіäі) Yes, Yes, Yes, Yes, Yes, Yes,

I have. you have. he (she, it) has. we have. you have. they have.

No, No, No, No, No, No,

I have not (haven’t). you have not (haven’t). he (she, it) has not (hasn’t). we have not (haven’t). you have not (haven’t). they have not (haven’t).

MODAL VERBS Ìîäàëüíі äі ñëîâà Äієñëîâà can (could), may (might), must (had to), should (ought to) òà äåÿêі іíøі âіäíîñÿòüñÿ äî ãðóïè ìîäàëüíèõ äієñëіâ (Modal Verbs). Ìîäàëüíі äієñëîâà íå âæèâàþòüñÿ ñàìîñòіéíî, à òіëüêè ó ñïîëó÷åííі ç іíôіíіòèâîì îñíîâíîãî (çìіñòîâîãî) äієñëîâà. Âîíè ïîçíà÷àþòü ìîæëèâіñòü, çäàòíіñòü, іìîâіðíіñòü, íåîáõіäíіñòü âèêîíàííÿ äії, ÿêà çàçíà÷àєòüñÿ îñíîâíèì äієñëîâîì.

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He can do it himself. – Âіí ìîæå çðîáèòè öå ñàìîñòіéíî.

They may come tonight. – Ìîæëèâî, âîíè ïðèéäóòü ñüîãîäíі ââå÷åðі.

I must speak to him. – ß ïîâèíåí ïîãîâîðèòè ç íèì.

I might do the shopping on Saturday. – Ìîæëèâî, ÿ ïіäó çà ïîêóïêàìè ó ñóáîòó. Ìîäàëüíі äієñëîâà íå ìàþòü óñіõ ÷àñîâèõ ôîðì, ÿê іíøі äієñëîâà. Âîíè òàêîæ íå ìàþòü íåîñîáîâèõ ôîðì äієñëîâà – іíôіíіòèâó, äієïðèêìåòíèêіâ І òà ІІ òà ãåðóíäіþ. Ìîäàëüíі äієñëîâà can òà may ìàþòü ôîðìè òåïåðіøíüîãî òà ìèíóëîãî ÷àñіâ: can – could, may – might. Ìîäàëüíå äієñëîâî must ìàє ëèøó ôîðìó òåïåðіøíüîãî ÷àñó, à â іíøèõ ÷àñîâèõ ôîðìàõ íåîáõіäíî âèêîðèñòîâóâàòè éîãî åêâіâàëåíò – have to. Íåîáõіäíî ïàì’ÿòàòè, ùî: – іíôіíіòèâ, ÿêèé ñòîїòü ïіñëÿ ìîäàëüíèõ äієñëіâ, âæèâàєòüñÿ áåç ÷àñòêè to. (Âèíÿòîê: ìîäàëüíå äієñëîâî ought to.) Íàïðèêëàä: I can do it. – Òè ìîæåø öå çðîáèòè.

You may take it. – Òè ìîæåø öå âçÿòè.

You should help him. – Òîáі âàðòî éîìó äîïîìîãòè.

But: You ought to help him. – Òîáі âàðòî éîìó äîïîìîãòè.

– Ó òðåòіé îñîáі îäíèíè òåïåðіøíüîãî ÷àñó ìîäàëüíі äієñëîâà íå ìàþòü çàêіí÷åííÿ -s: He can do it. He may take it.

– Ïèòàëüíà ôîðìà óòâîðþєòüñÿ áåç âèêîðèñòàííÿ äîïîìіæíîãî äієñëîâà to do, ïðè÷îìó ìîäàëüíå äієñëîâî ñòàâèòüñÿ ïåðåä ïіäìåòîì. Íàïðèêëàä: Can you do it? – ×è òè ìîæåø öå çðîáèòè?

May I take it? – ×è ìîæíà ìåíі öå âçÿòè?

Should I buy that? – ×è âàðòî ìåíі öå êóïóâàòè?

– Çàïåðå÷íà ôîðìà óòâîðþєòüñÿ çà äîïîìîãîþ çàïåðå÷íîї ÷àñòêè not, ÿêà ïðèєäíóєòüñÿ äî ìîäàëüíîãî äієñëîâà: He cannot (can’t) do it. He may not (mayn’t) take it. Ó ðîçìîâíîìó ñòèëі â çàïåðå÷íіé ôîðìі çàçâè÷àé âèêîðèñòîâóþòüñÿ òàêі ñêîðî÷åííÿ: cannot = can’t could not = couldn’t may not = mayn’t 201

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might not = mightn’t must not = mustn’t should not = shouldn’t Çíà÷åííÿ äåÿêèõ ìîäàëüíèõ äі ñëіâ CAN Ìîäàëüíå äієñëîâî can (could) âèêîðèñòîâóєòüñÿ äëÿ ïîçíà÷åííÿ ôіçè÷íîї ÷è ðîçóìîâîї çäàòíîñòі âèêîíàòè òó ÷è іíøó äіþ. Ïîðÿä іç çàçíà÷åíèì ìîäàëüíèì äієñëîâîì ó ðіçíèõ ÷àñîâèõ ôîðìàõ âèêîðèñòîâóєòüñÿ éîãî åêâіâàëåíò – ñòðóêòóðà to be able to do something.

He can read very well. – Âіí óìіє ÷èòàòè äóæå äîáðå.

He could swim very well when he was young. – Âіí óìіâ äîáðå ïëàâàòè, êîëè áóâ ìîëîäèì.

MAY / MIGHT Ìîäàëüíå äієñëîâî may / might âèêîðèñòîâóєòüñÿ äëÿ ïîçíà÷åííÿ äîçâîëó âèêîíàòè òó ÷è іíøó äіþ, à òàêîæ äëÿ âèñëîâëåííÿ éìîâіðíîñòі âèêîíàííÿ òієї ÷è іíøîї äії: You may take my dictionary. – Òè ìîæåø ñêîðèñòàòèñÿ ìîїì ñëîâíèêîì.

He may / might know her address. – Ìîæëèâî, âіí çíàє її àäðåñó.

MUST Ìîäàëüíå äієñëîâî must âèêîðèñòîâóєòüñÿ äëÿ âèñëîâëåííÿ íåîáõіäíîñòі âèêîíàííÿ òієї ÷è іíøîї äії (çãіäíî іñíóþ÷èõ ïðàâèë): You must go there tomorrow. – Òè ïîâèíåí ñõîäèòè òóäè çàâòðà.

SHOULD Ìîäàëüíå äієñëîâî should âèêîðèñòîâóєòüñÿ äëÿ âèñëîâëåííÿ ïîðàäè, ðåêîìåíäàöії ùîäî âèêîíàííÿ òієї ÷è іíøîї äії: You should ask her for advice. – Òîáі âàðòî çâåðíóòèñÿ äî íåї çà ïîðàäîþ.

You should consult a doctor. – Òîáі âàðòî ïîðàäèòèñÿ іç ëіêàðåì. Іíøі çíà÷åííÿ ìîäàëüíèõ äієñëіâ âèâ÷àþòüñÿ íà íàñòóïíèõ åòàïàõ íàâ÷àííÿ.

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ENGLISH-UKRAINIAN VOCABULARY ÀÍÃËÎ-ÓÊÐÀ ÍÑÜÊÈÉ ÑËÎÂÍÈÊ

A, a ability, n /ə'bil əI ti/ çäіáíіñòü; çäàòíіñòü about, prep /ə'baUt/ ïðî abroad, adv /ə'brÁ:d/ çà êîðäîíîì accessory, n /ək'sesəri/ àêñåñóàð accident, n /'{ks əI dənt/ àâàðіÿ, êàòàñòðîôà across, prep /ə'krÁs/ /'ə'krÁ:s/ ÷åðåç active, adj /'{ktIv/ àêòèâíèé, æâàâèé activity, n /{k'tIv əI ti/ äіÿëüíіñòü add, v /{d/ äîäàâàòè addition, n /ə'dISən/ äîäàòîê admiral, n /'{dmərəl/ àäìіðàë admire, v /əd'maIə/ ìèëóâàòèñÿ adventure, n /əd'ventSə/ ïðèãîäà advertisement, n /ad'v :təI smənt/ îãîëîøåííÿ advice, n /əd'vaIs/ ïîðàäà aeroplane, n /'eərəpleIn/ ëіòàê afterwards, adv /'¸ftəwədz/ îïіñëÿ again, adv /ə'gen/ çíîâó agree with smb, phr /ə'gr / ïîãîäæóâàòèñÿ ç êèìîñü agree, v /ə'gr / ïîãîäæóâàòèñÿ air, n /eə/ ïîâіòðÿ airport, n /'eəpþt/ àåðîïîðò almost, adv /'þlməUst/ ìàéæå along, prep /ə'lÁÎ/ âçäîâæ although, conj /þl'DəU/ õî÷à always, adv /'þlwəI z/ çàâæäè amusing, adj /ə'mjüzIÎ/ çàõîïëþþ÷èé ancient, adj /'eInSənt/ ñòàðîäàâíіé answer, n /'¸nsə/ âіäïîâіäü

answer, v /'¸nsə/ âіäïîâіäàòè anyway, adv /'eniweI/ ó áóäü-ÿêîìó âèïàäêó appear, v /ə'pIə/ ç’ÿâëÿòèñÿ appearance, n /ə'pIərəns/ çîâíіøíіñòü aqualung, n /'{kwəlöÎ/ àêâàëàíã architect, n /'¸kəI t ekt / àðõіòåêòîð architecture, n /'¸kəI t ekt Sə/ àðõіòåêòóðà area, n /'eəriə/ òåðèòîðіÿ armoured, adj /'¸məd/ îçáðîєíèé around, prep /ə'raUnd/ íàâêîëî arrive, v /ə'raIv/ ïðèáóâàòè art gallery, phr /¸t/ /'g{ləri/ õóäîæíÿ ãàëåðåÿ Art, n /¸t/ óðîê ìàëþâàííÿ artistic, adj /¸'tIstIk/ õóäîæíіé at weekends, phr /ət'w kəndz/ íà âèõіäíèõ athlete, n /'{Tl t/ àòëåò athletics, n /{T'letIks/ àòëåòèêà attached, adj /ə't{tSt/ ïðèêðіïëåíà іíôîðìàöіÿ attend, v /ə'tend/ âіäâіäóâàòè attendant, n /ə'tendənt/ îñîáà, ùî ñóïðîâîäèòü; ñóïðîâіäíèê attract, v /ə'tr{kt/ ïðèâàáëþâàòè attraction, n /ə'tr{kSən/ àòðàêöіîí, ìіñöå äëÿ ðîçâàã aunt, n /¸nt/ òіòêà awful, adj /'þfəl/ æàõëèâèé

B, b bacon, n /'beIkən/ áåêîí baked potato, phr /beIkt pə'teItəU/ ïå÷åíà êàðòîïëÿ

baker’s, n /'beIkəz/ õëіáíèé ìàãàçèí bakery, n /'beIkəri/ õëіáíèé ìàãàçèí 203

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baking soda, phr /'beIkIÎ 'səUdə/ ñîäà äëÿ âèïі÷êè bank, n /b{Îk/ áåðåã banknote, n /'b{ÎknəUt/ êðåäèòíèé áіëåò, áàíêíîò bark, v /b¸k/ ãàâêàòè basketball, n /'b¸skəI t bþl/ áàñêåòáîë be afraid of smth, phr /bi ə'freId əv/ áîÿòèñÿ ÷îãîñü be bored, phr /bi'bþd/ íóäüãóâàòè be born, phr /bi'bþn/ íàðîäèòèñÿ be fond of, phr /bi 'fÁnd əv/ ëþáèòè be full of, phr /bi 'fUl əv/ áóòè íàïîâíåíèì be good at, phr /bi 'gUd ət/ âìіòè äîáðå ðîáèòè ùîñü be interested in, phr /bi 'IntrəI st əI d In/ öіêàâèòèñü be late for, phr /bi 'leIt fə/ çàïіçíþâàòèñÿ íà be lined with, phr /bi 'laInd wID/ áóòè îáñàäæåíèì be located, phr /bi lə'keItId/ ðîçòàøîâóâàòèñü be proud of, phr /bi 'praUd əv/ ïèøàòèñÿ be situated, phr /bi 'sItjueItId/ ðîçòàøîâóâàòèñü beach, n /b tS/ óçáåðåææÿ bean, n /b n/ áiá beautifully, adv /'bjütəI fəli/ êðàñèâî beauty, n /'bjüti/ êðàñà behind, prep /bI'haInd/ ïîçàäó bench, n /bentS/ ëàâèöÿ besides, adv /bI'saIdz/ îêðіì billion, n /'bIljən/ ìіëüÿðä Biology, n /baI'ÁlədZi/ óðîê áіîëîãії birthplace, n /'b :TpleIs/ ìіñöå íàðîäæåííÿ bitter, adj /'bItə/ ãіðêèé blouse, n /blaUz/ áëóçà

board game, phr /'bþd "geIm/ íàñòîëüíà ãðà boating, n /'bəUtIÎ/ êàòàòèñÿ (ïëàâàòè) íà ÷îâíі boiled meat, phr /'bOIld "m t/ âàðåíå ì’ÿñî boldprint, n /'bəUld "prInt/ íàäðóêîâàíe æèðíèì øðèôòîì bone, n /bəUn/ êіñòêà book in advance, phr /bUk/ /əd'v¸ns/ çàìîâëÿòè çàçäàëåãіäü boots, n /büt/ ÷îáiò bottle, n /'bÁtl/ ïëÿøêà bowl, n /bəυl/ ïîëóìèñîê boxing, n /'bÁksIÎ/ áîêñ bread roll, n /'bred"rÁl/ áóëî÷êa bread, n /bred/ õëіá breakfast, n /'brekfəst/ ñíіäàíîê breathe in, phr /br D In/ äèõàòè bridge, n /brIdZ/ ìіñò brief, adj /br f/ êîðîòêèé brilliant, adj /'brIljənt/ ÷óäîâèé brochure, n /'brəUSə/ áðîøóðà broth, n /brÁT/ áóëüîí brother, n /'bröDə/ áðàò building, n /'bIldIÎ/ áóäіâëÿ bunch, n /böntS/ áóêåò burger, n /'b :gə/ áóðãåð bus driver, phr /bös'draIvə/ âîäіé àâòîáóñà bus pass, phr /'bös"p¸s/ ïðîїçíèé êâèòîê íà àâòîáóñ bus stop, phr /'bös"stÁp/ çóïèíêà àâòîáóñà bus, n /bös/ àâòîáóñ businessman, n /'bIznəI smən/ áіçíåñìåí busy, adj /'bIzi/ çàéíÿòèé; æâàâèé butcher’s, n /'bUtSəz/ ìÿñíèé ìàãàçèí butter, n /'bötə/ ìàñëî button, n /'bötn/ ´óäçèê by heart, adv /'baI "h¸t/ íàïàì’ÿòü

C, c calculation, n /"k{lkjəI IleISən/ ðîçðàõóíoê

call, v /kþl/ äçâîíèòè camp, n /k{mp/ òàáіð

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can of Coke, n /kən əv 'kəUk/ áàíî÷êà êîêà-êîëè canteen, n /k{n't n/ їäàëüíÿ capital, n /'k{pəI t l/ ñòîëèöÿ captain, n /'k{ptəI n/ êàïіòàí car, n /k¸/ àâòîìîáіëü card, n /k¸d/ êàðòêà carefully, adv /'keəSəli/ óâàæíî; îáåðåæíî caring, adj /'keərIÎ/ òóðáîòëèâèé carpet, n /'k¸pəI t / êèëèì carry, v /'k{ri/ âîçèòè; ïåðåâîçèòè; íîñèòè catacomb, n /'k{təküm/ êàòàêîìáà category, n /'k{təI gəri/ êàòåãîðіÿ cathedral, n /kə'T drəl/ ñîáîð cave, n /keIv/ ïå÷åðà celebration, n /"seləI 'breISən/ ñâÿòêóâàííÿ cent, n /sent/ öåíò (0,01 äîëàðà); ñòî, ñîòíÿ centre, n /'sentə/ öåíòð century, n /'sentSəri/ ñòîëіòòÿ cereal, n /'sIəriəl/ 1) õëіáíèé çëàê; 2) çåðíîâі; 3) âіâñÿíêà, âіâñÿíà êàøà; 2. adj õëіáíèé, çåðíîâèé certainly, adv /'s :tnli/ çâè÷àéíî chalk, n /tSþk/ êðåéäà champion, n /'tS{mpiən/ ÷åìïіîí change, n /tSeIndZ/ çäà÷à change, v /tSeIndZ/ ðîçìіíþâàòè, ìіíÿòè charming, adj /'tS¸mIÎ/ ìèëîâèäíèé chart, n /tS¸t/ ñõåìà, òàáëèöÿ cheap, adj /tS p/ äåøåâèé cheerful, adj /'tSIəfəl/ âåñåëèé chemist’s, n /'keməI st s/ àïòåêà chestnut tree, n /'tSesnöt/ êàøòàí chicken, n, adj /'tSIkəI n/ êóðêà; êóðÿ÷èé chocolate, n /'tSÁkləI t / øîêîëàä choice, n /tSOIs/ âèáіð choose food item, phr /tSüz/ âèáèðàòè їæó (íàïð. ç ìåíþ) choose, v /tSüz/ âèáèðàòè chop, v /tSÁp/ íàðіçóâàòè; êðèøèòè; øàòêóâàòè

church, n /tS :tS/ öåðêâà cinema, n /'sInəI mə/ êіíîòåàòð citizen, n /'sItəI zən/ ãðîìàäÿíèí city, n /'sIti/ ìіñòî classmate, n /'kl¸smeIt/ îäíîêëàñíèê clearly, adv /'klIəli/ ÷іòêî; ÿñíî climate, n /'klaIməI t / êëіìàò climb, v /klaIm/ ëàçèòè clothes, n /kləUDz/ îäÿã clothing, n /'kləUDIÎ/ îäÿã coach, n /kəUtS/ òðåíåð coast, n /kəUst/ óçáåðåææÿ cocoa powder, phr /'kəUkəU 'paUdə/ êàêàî ïîðîøîê cocoa, n /'kaUkəU/ êàêàî coffee, n /'kÁfi/ êàâà coin, n /kOIn/ ìîíåòà cold cuts, n /kəUld köts/ íàðіçêà collect, v /kə'lekt/ çáèðàòè collection, n /kə'lekSən/ êîëåêöіÿ colourful, adj /'köləfəl/ êîëüîðîâèé come up, phr /köm öp/ ïіäõîäèòè comfort, n /'kömfət/ êîìôîðò, çðó÷íіñòü comfortable, adj /'kömftəbəl/ çðó÷íèé comfortably, adv /'kömftəbli/ çðó÷íî communicate with smb, phr /kə'mjünəI keIt/ ñïіëêóâàòèñÿ ç êèìîñü community, n /kə'mjünəI t i/ ñïіëüíîòà; îáùèíà company, n /'kömpəni/ êîìïàíіÿ compare, v /kəm'peə/ ïîðіâíþâàòè compartment, n /kəm'p¸tmənt/ êóïå competition, n /"kÁmpəI 't ISən/ çìàãàííÿ complete, v, adj /kəm'pl t/ äîïîâíþâàòè; äîïîâíåíèé compote, n /'kÁmpÁt/ êîìïîò Computer Studies, n /kəm'pjütə 'stödIz/ óðîê іíôîðìàòèêè concert hall, n /'kÁnsət "hþl/ êîíöåðòíà çàëà condition, n /kən'dISən/ óìîâà

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conductor, n /kən'döktə/ êîíäóêòîð; êîíòðîëåð confectionery, n /kən'fekSnəri/ êîíäèòåðñüêèé (ìàãàçèí, âіääіë) confident, adj /'kÁnfəI dənt/ âïåâíåíèé connect, v /kə'nekt/ ç’єäíóâàòè connecting line, phr /kə'nektIÎ "laIn/ ç’єäíóâàëüíà ëіíіÿ constantly, adv /'kÁnstəntli/ ïîñòіéíî construction, n /kən'strökSən/ áóäіâíèöòâî contain, v /kən'teIn/ ìіñòèòè contest, n /'kÁntest/ çìàãàííÿ continent, n /'kÁntəI nənt/ êîíòèíåíò convenient, adj /kən'v niənt/ çðó÷íèé conversation, n /"kÁnvə'seISən/ ðîçìîâà convince, v /kən'vIns/ çàïåâíÿòè cookie, n /'kUki/ ïå÷èâî cooking, n /'kUkIÎ/ ïðèãîòóâàííÿ їæі cornflakes, n, pl /'kþnfleIks/ êóêóðóäçÿíі ïëàñòіâöі correct, adj /kə'rekt/ ïðàâèëüíèé cost, v /kÁst/ êîøòóâàòè

costume, n /'kÁstjUm/ êîñòþì cottage cheese, phr /'kÁtIdZ "tS z/ äîìàøíіé ñèð country, n /'köntri/ êðàїíà couple, n /'köpəl/ ïàðà cover, v /'kövə/ ïîêðèâàòè craft, n /kr¸ft/ 1) ðåìåñëî; 2) óìіëіñòü, âïðàâíіñòü, ìàéñòåðíіñòü; ñïðèòíіñòü creamy soup, phr /'kr mi "süp/ ñóïïþðå creamy, adj /'kr mi/ ïþðå creature, n /'kr tSə/ ñòâîðіííÿ cricket, n /'krIkəI t / êðіêåò (âèä ñïîðòó) crossing, n /′krÁsIÎ/ ïåðåõіä crowded, adj /′kraUdəI d/ çàïîâíåíèé ëþäüìè cultural difference, phr /'költSərəl 'dIfərəns/ êóëüòóðíà âіäìіííіñòü culture, n /'költSə/ êóëüòóðà curious, adj /'kjUəriəs/ äîïèòëèâèé currency, n /'körənsi/ âàëþòà customer, n /'köstəmə/ ïîêóïåöü cutlet, n /'kötləI t / êîòëåòà cycling, n /'saIklIÎ/ âåëîñèïåäíèé ñïîðò

D, d daffodil, n /′d{fədIl/ íàðöèñ dairy, n /'deəri/ ìîëî÷íèé ìàãàçèí dancing, n /'d¸nsI / òàíöі dark, adj /d¸k/ òåìíèé date back, phr /'deIt "b{k/ äàòóâàòèñÿ date of birth, phr /'deIt əv "b :T/ äàòà íàðîäæåííÿ daughter, n /'dþtə/ äîíüêà dear, adj /dIə/ äîðîãèé decide, v /dI'saId/ âèðіøóâàòè decorated, adj /'dekəreItId/ ïðèêðàøåíèé decorate, v /'dekəreIt/ ïðèêðàøàòè

definition, n /"defəI nISən/ âèçíà÷åííÿ deli (department), n /'deli/ âіääіë íàðіçêè delicious, adj /dI'lISəs/ ñìà÷íèé deliver, v /dI'lIvə/ äîñòàâëÿòè department store, phr /dI'p¸tmənt stþ/ óíіâåðìàã department, n /dI′p¸tmənt/ âіääіë (ó ìàãàçèíі) depend on, v /dI'pend/ çàëåæàòè âіä describe, v /dI'skraIb/ îïèñóâàòè desert, n /'dezət/ ïóñòåëÿ design, n /dI'zaIn/ äèçàéí

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designer, n /dI'zaInə/ äèçàéíåð dessert, n /dI'z :t/ äåñåðò detail, n /'d teIl/ äåòàëü develop, v /dI'veləp/ ðîçâèâàòè dialogue, n /'daIəlÁg/ äіàëîã dictation, n /dIk'teISən/ äèêòàíò different, adj /'dIfərənt/ ðіçíèé difficult, adj /'dIfIkəlt/ âàæêèé dig, v /dIg/ êîïàòè dining-car, n /'daInIÎ k¸/ âàãîíðåñòîðàí dinner, n /'dInə/ îáіä, âå÷åðÿ dinosaur, n /'daInəsþ/ äèíîçàâð disagree, v /"dIsə'gr / íå ïîãîäæóâàòèñÿ discover, v /dis'kövə/ âіäêðèâàòè discuss, v /dI'skös/ îáãîâîðþâàòè; äèñêóòóâàòè dish, n /dIS/ ñòðàâà, áëþäî display, v /dIs'pleI/ âèñòàâëÿòè

distance, n /'dIstəns/ âіäñòàíü dive, v /daIv/ ïіðíàòè divide, v /dəI 'vaId/ äіëèòè; ðîçëіäÿòè do a pull-up, phr /pUl/ ïåðåòÿãóâàòè do karate, phr /kə'r¸ti/ çàéìàòèñÿ êàðàòå do the shopping, phr /'SÁpIÎ/ ðîáèòè ïîêóïêè dollar, n /'dÁlə/ äîëàð double-decker, n /"döbəl'dekə/ äàáëäåêåð (äâîïîâåðõîâèé àâòîáóñ ó Âåëèêіé Áðèòàíії) dough, n /dəU/ 1) òіñòî; 2) ïàñòà, ãóñòà ìàñà Drama, n /'dr¸mə/ óðîê àêòîðñüêîї ìàéñòåðíîñòі dream, v /dr m/ ìðіÿòè dream, n /dr m/ ìðіÿ during, prep /'djUərIÎ/ ïіä ÷àñ

E, e Earth, n / :T/ Çåìëÿ (ïëàíåòà) earthquake, n /' :TkweIk/ çåìëåòðóñ easy, adj /' zi/ ëåãêèé, ëåãêî eat smth for … (breakfast, etc) / t/ їñòè ùîñü íà … (ñíіäàíîê, і ò. ä.) either … or, phr /'aIDə/ ÷è … ÷è elderly, adv /'eldəli/ ïîõèëîãî âіêó else, adv /els/ ùå email, n /' meIl/ åëåêòðîííèé ëèñò emotion, n /I'məUSənəl/ åìîöіÿ encourage, v /in'körIdZ/ çàîõî÷óâàòè encyclopaedia, n /in"saIklə'p dIə/ åíöèêëîïåäіÿ energetic, adj /"enə'dZetik/ åíåðãіéíèé energy, n /"enədZi/ åíåðãіÿ engineer, n /"endZəI nIə/ іíæåíåð English, n /'IÎglIS/ óðîê àíãëіéñüêîї ìîâè enjoy doing smth, phr /In'dZOI/ íàñîëîäæóâàòèñü ÷èìîñü

entertain, v /"entə'teIn/ ðîçâàæàòè entertainment, n /"entə'teInmənt/ ðîçâàãà entrance, n /'entr¸ns/ âõіä everyone, pron /'evriwön/ êîæíèé everything, pron /'evriTIÎ/ âñå exact, adj /Ig'z{kt/ òî÷íèé example, n /Ig'z¸mpəl/ ïðèêëàä excellent, adj /'eksələnt/ ÷óäîâèé excitedly, adv /Ik'saItəI d/ çáóäæåíî exciting, adj /Ik'saItIÎ/ 1) çáóäæóþ÷èé; õâèëþþ÷èé; 2) çàõîïëþþ÷èé; çâîðóøëèâèé excursion, n /Ik'skÆ:Sən/ åêñêóðñіÿ excuse, v /Ik'skjüz/ âèáà÷àòèñü exhibit, v /Ig'zIbəI t / âèñòàâëÿòè íà ïîêàç exist, v /Ig'zist/ іñíóâàòè exotic, adj /Ig'zÁtik/ åêçîòè÷íèé expensive, adj /Ik'sp{nsIv/ äîðîãèé; êîøòîâíèé experience, n /Ik'spIəriəns/ äîñâіä explain, v /Ik'spleIn/ ïîÿñíþâàòè 207

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explore, v /Ik'splþ/ äîñëіäæóâàòè explorer, n /Ik'splþrə/ äîñëіäíèê express smb’s opinion, phr /Ik'spres/ âèñëîâëþâàòè ÷èþñü äóìêó express, v /Ik'spres/ âèðàæàòè

exterior, n /Ik'stIəriə/ åêñòåð’єð, çîâíіøíіé âèãëÿä extremely, adv /Ik'str mli/ íàäçâè÷àéíî

F, f fair, adj /feə/ ñâіòëèé (ïðî âîëîññÿ) fairy, n /'feəri/ ôåÿ false, adj /fþls/ íåïðàâèëüíèé family, n /'f{məli/ ñіì’ÿ, ðîäèíà famous, adj /'feiməs/ âіäîìèé fantastic, adj /f{n't{stIk/ ôàíòàñòè÷íèé; äèâîâèæíèé fare, n /feə/ ïëàòà çà ïðîїçä fascinating, adj /'f{səI neIt IÎ/ ÷àðіâíèé, ÷àðіâëèâèé; ÷àðіâíè÷èé; ïðèíàäíèé fast food, phr /f¸st/ /füd/ їæà øâèäêîãî ïðèãîòóâàííÿ fast, adj /f¸st/ øâèäêèé favourite, adj /'feIvərəI t / óëþáëåíèé feature, n /'f tSə/ ðèñà feel, v /f l/ âіä÷óâàòè; ïî÷óâàòèñÿ feet, n /f t/ ñòóïíі festival, n /'festəI vəl/ ôåñòèâàëü; ñâÿòêóâàííÿ field, n /f ld/ ïîëå figure skating, n /'figə 'skeItIÎ/ ôіãóðíå êàòàííÿ find, v (found, found) /faInd/ çíàõîäèòè fire, n /faIə/ âîãîíü fish fillet, phr /fIS/ /'fIləI t / ôіëå ðèáè

fishmonger’s, n /'fISmöÎgəz/ ðèáíèé ìàãàçèí flag, n /fl{g/ ïðàïîð flavour, n /'fleIvə/ íàïîâíþâà÷ floor, n /flþ/ ïîâåðõ flour, n /flaυə/ ìóêà flow, v /fləU/ òåêòè flower, n /'flaUə/ êâіòêà fly away, v /'flaI ə'wei/ âіäëіòàòè flying saucer, n /'flaI-IÎ/ /'sþsə/ ëіòàþ÷à òàðіëêà foot, n /fUt/ ñòóïíÿ forest, n /'fÁrəI st / ëіñ form, n /fþm/ ôîðìà fortification, n /"fþtəI fəI 'keISən/ ôîðòèôіêàöіéíå óêðіïëåííÿ fortress, n /'fþtrəI s/ ôîðòåöÿ free time, phr /fr / âіëüíèé ÷àñ French, n /frentS/ óðîê ôðàíöóçüêîї ìîâè fresco, n /'freskəU/ ôðåñêà fresh, adj /freS/ ñâіæèé fried, adj /fraId/ ñìàæåíèé friend, n /frend/ òîâàðèø, äðóã frosty, adj /'frÁsti/ ìîðîçíèé fruit, n /früt/ ôðóêò, -è fun, n /fön/ ðîçâàãà

G, g garden, n /'g¸dn/ ñàä gardening, n /'g¸dnIÎ/ ñàäіâíèöòâî garlic, n /'g¸lIk/ ÷àñíèê general, n /"dZenərəl/ ãåíåðàë Geography, n /dZi'Ágrəfi/ óðîê ãåî-

ãðàôії get on well with smb, phr /get/ äîáðå ëàäèòè ç êèìîñü give smb a break, phr /gIv/ íàäàòè êîìóñü âіäïî÷èíîê (ïåðåðâó)

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glad, adj /gl{d/ ðàäèé glass, adj /gl¸s/ ñêëÿíèé gloomy, adj /glümi/ óãðþìèé gloves, n /glöv/ ðóêàâèöі go along, phr /gəU ə'lÁ / іòè âçäîâæ go in for sport, phr /gəU/ çàéìàòèñÿ ñïîðòîì go off, phr /gəU əv/ âèðóøaòè go round, phr /gəU r υnd/ õîäèòè íàâêîëî go sightseeing, phr /gəU 'saIts I / îãëÿäàòè âèçíà÷íі ìіñöÿ golf, n /gÁlf/ ãîëüô good, adj (better, best) /gUd/ õîðîøèé, äîáðèé (êðàùèé, íàéêðàùèé) government, n /'gövəmənt/ óðÿä grandchild, n /'gr{ntSaIld/ îíóê, îíóêà granddad, n /'gr{nd{d/ äіäóñü grandparents, n /'gr{n"peərənts/ äіäóñü і áàáóñÿ grandson, n /'gr{nsön/ îíóê

granny, n /'gr{ni/ áàáóñÿ grape, n /greIp/ âèíîãðàä graphic, adj /'gr{fik/ ãðàôі÷íèé grass, n /gr¸s/ òðàâà grasslands, n /'gr¸sl{nd/ ñàâàííà; òåðèòîðіÿ, âêðèòà òðàâîþ great, adj /greIt/ âèäàòíèé; âåëè÷íèé greedy, adj /'gr di/ æàäіáíèé greengrocer’s, n /'gr n"grəUsəz/ ìàãàçèí îâî÷іâ і ôðóêòіâ grocer’s, n /'grəUsəz/ ìàãàçèí áàêàëåї group, n /grüp/ ãðóïà grow, v /grəU/ ðîñòè, âèðîùóâàòè grown-up, n /'grəUn"öp/ äîðîñëèé guess, v /ges/ çäîãàäóâàòèñÿ guidebook, n /'gaIdbUk/ ïóòіâíèê guided tour, phr /'gaIdId"tUə/ ïîäîðîæ ç åêñêóðñîâîäîì gymnastics, n /dZIm'n{stIks/ ãіìíàñòèêà

H, h hair, n /heə/ âîëîññÿ ham, n /h{m/ âåò÷èíà hamburger, n /'h{mb :gə/ ãàìáóðãåð Handicrafts, n /'h{ndikr¸fts/ óðîê ðó÷íîї ïðàöі hand-made, adj /"h{nd'meId/ âèãîòîâëåíèé âðó÷íó handsome, adj /'h{nsəm/ ñòàòíèé (ïðî ÷îëîâіêà) happen, v /'h{pən/ òðàïëÿòèñÿ; âіäáóâàòèñÿ hard, adj /h¸d/ âàæêèé, âàæêî hardly, adv /'h¸dli/ ëåäâå, ëåäü have fun, phr /h{v fön/ ðîçâàæàòèñÿ have great popularity, phr /h{v greIt "pÁpjυ'l{rəti/ ìàòè çíà÷íó ïîïóëÿðíіñòü headphones, n /'hedfəUnz/ íàâóøíèêè

health, n /helT/ çäîðîâ’ÿ healthy, adj /'helTi/ çäîðîâèé hear, v /hIə/ ÷óòè heavy, adj /'hevi/ âàæêèé helpful, adj /'helpfəl/ òîé, ÿêèé äîïîìàãàє hill, n /hIl/ ïàãîðá history, n /'hIstəri/ іñòîðіÿ History, n /'hIstəri/ óðîê іñòîðії hockey, n /'hÁki/ õîêåé hole, n /həUl/ äіðêà holidays, n /'hÁləI di/ êàíіêóëè homework, n /'həUmw :k/ äîìàøíє çàâäàííÿ hope, n /həUp/ íàäіÿ; ñïîäіâàííÿ horse riding, n /hþs 'raIdIÎ/ âåðõîâà їçäà hospital, n /'hÁspItl/ ëіêàðíÿ host family, phr /həUst 'f{məli/ ñіì’ÿ, ÿêà ïðèéìàє ãîñòÿ 209

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hot air balloon, phr /hÁt eə bə'lün/ ïîâіòðÿíà êóëÿ household goods, phr /'haUshəUld gυdz/ òîâàðè äîìàøíüîãî âæèòêó How late are you open tonight? /haU/ Äî êîòðîї ãîäèíè ó âàñ âіäêðèòî?

human, adj /'hjümən/ ëþäñüêèé hungry, adj /'höÎgri/ ãîëîäíèé hunting, n /'höntIÎ/ ïîëþâàííÿ hurry up, v /'höri öp/ ïîñïіøàòè hurry, v /'höri/ ïîñïіøàòè husband, n /'hözbənd/ ÷îëîâіê

I, i ice cream, n /'aIs "kr m/ ìîðîçèâî icon, n /'aIkÁn/ іêîíà idea, n /aI'dIə/ іäåÿ imaginative, adj /I'm{dZəI nətIv/ óÿâíèé immediately, adv /Im diətli/ íåãàéíî important, adj /Im'pþtənt/ âàæëèâèé impression, n /Im'preSən/ âðàæåííÿ impressive, adj /Im'presIv/ âðàæàþ÷èé improve, v /Im'prüv/ ïîêðàùóâàòè in time, phr /In'taIm/ â÷àñíî include, v /In'klüd/ âêëþ÷àòè independent, adj /"IndəI 'pendənt/ íåçàëåæíèé; ñàìîñòіéíèé individual, adj /"IndəI vIdZυəl/ іíäèâіäóàëüíèé industrial, adj /In'döstriəl/ ïðîìèñëîâèé

inform, v /In'fþm/ іíôîðìóâàòè information, n /"Infə'meISən/ іíôîðìàöіÿ ingredient, n /In'gr diənt/ ñêëàäîâà injure, v /'IndZə/ îòðèìàòè òðàâìó; ïîøêîäèòè inside, adv /In'saId/ óñåðåäèíі intelligent, adj /In'teləI dZənt/ ðîçóìíèé interesting, adj /'IntrəI st IÎ/ öіêàâèé Internet, n /'Intənet/ Іíòåðíåò interview, v, n /'Intəvjü/ áðàòè іíòåðâ’þ; іíòåðâ’þ introduction, n /"Intrə'dökSən/ âñòóï invite, v /In'vaIt/ çàïðîøóâàòè iron pot, phr /'aIən "pÁt/ çàëіçíèé êàçàíîê island, n /'aIlənd/ îñòðіâ It takes me …, phr /It/ Ìåíі ïîòðіáíî …

J, j jam, n /dZ{m/ âàðåííÿ, äæåì jar, n /dZ¸/ áàíêà; ãëåê, ãëå÷èê jeans, n /dZ nz/ äæèíñè jigsaw puzzle, n /'dZIgsþ 'pözəl/ ïàçë job, n /dZÁb/ ðîáîòà jogging, n /'dZÁgIÎ/ áіã ïіäòþïöåì join, v /dZOIn/ ïðèєäíóâàòèñü

journey, n /"dZ :ni/ ïîäîðîæ judo, n /'dZüdəU/ äçþäî jump, v /dZömp/ ñòðèáàòè junior dresses section, phr /"dZüniə 'dresIz 'səkSən/ âіääіë ñóêîíü äëÿ äіâ÷àòîê-ïіäëіòêіâ

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K, k keep fit, phr /'k p "fIt/ áóòè ó õîðîøіé ôіçè÷íіé ôîðìі keep smb going, phr /k p/ òðèìàòè êîãîñü â àêòèâíîìó ñòàíі keep, v /k p/ òðèìàòè, ïіäòðèìóâàòè ketchup, n /'ketSəp/ êåò÷óï kind, adj /kaInd/ äîáðèé kind, n /kaInd/ âèä

kindergarten, n /'kIndəg¸tn/ äèòÿ÷èé ñàäîê kind-hearted, adj /"kaInd'h¸təI d/ äîáðîñåðäíèé kiwi fruit, n /'k w früt/ ôðóêò êіâі knife, n /naIf/ íіæ knitting, n /'nItIÎ/ â’ÿçàííÿ íà ñïèöÿõ know, v /nəU/ çíàòè

L, l lake, n /leIk/ îçåðî land, n /l{nd/ çåìëÿ landmark, n /'l{ndm¸k/ âèçíà÷íå іñòîðè÷íå ìіñöå landscape, n /'l{ndskeIp/ ëàíäøàôò large, adj /l¸dZ/ âåëèêèé last, adj /l¸st/ îñòàííіé last, v /l¸st/ ïðîäîâæóâàòèñÿ late, adj /leIt/ ïіçíî, çàïіçíþâàòèñÿ lazy, adj /'leIzi/ ëåäà÷èé learn, v /lÆ:n/ âèâ÷àòè, â÷èòè leave, v /l v/ âіä’їæäæàòè leg, n /leg/ íîãà legend, n /'ledZənd/ ëåãåíäà length, n /leÎT/ äîâæèíà lesson, n /'lesən/ óðîê library, n /'laIbrəri/ áіáëіîòåêà lime tree, n /'laIm "tr / ëèïà line, n /laIn/ ëіíіÿ linker, n /'lIÎkə/ ñëîâî-çâ’ÿçêà

list, n /lIst/ ñïèñîê, ïåðåëіê listen, v /'lIsən/ ñëóõàòè listener, n /'lIsənə/ ñëóõà÷ loaf, n /ləUf/ áóõàíêà local, adj /'ləUkəl/ ìіñöåâèé location, n /ləU'keISən/ ìіñöåçíàõîäæåííÿ logically, adv /'lÁdZəI kəli/ ëîãі÷íî look for, v /lUk fə/ øóêàòè look through, v /lUk Trü/ ïåðåãëÿäàòè loudly, adv /'laUdli/ ãó÷íî lovely, adv /'lövli/ ÷óäîâèé low, adj /ləU/ íèçüêèé luggage label, phr /'lögIdZ "leIbl/ ÿðëèê äî áàãàæó luggage, n /'lögIdZ/ áàãàæ lunch, n /löntS/ ëàí÷, äðóãèé ñíіäàíîê lunch box, n /'löntS"bÁks/ êîðîáêà äëÿ ñíіäàíêó

M, m magazine, n /"m{gə'z n/ æóðíàë main road, phr /'meIn "rəυd/ öåíòðàëüíà âóëèöÿ make crafts, phr /'meIk 'kr fts/ âèðîáëÿòè âèðîáè

make smb laugh, phr /meIk/ /l f/ ðîçñìіøèòè êîãîñü make up a story, phr /meIk/ ñêëàäàòè іñòîðіþ (îïîâіäàííÿ) map, n /m{p/ êàðòà

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market place, phr /'m¸kəI t pleIs/ ðèíêîâà ïëîùà market, n /'m kəI t / ðèíîê mashed, adj /m{St/ ïîòîâ÷åíèé match, n /m{tS/ ìàò÷ Mathematics (Maths), n /"m{TəI 'm{tiks/ óðîê ìàòåìàòèêè may /meI/ ìîäàëüíå íåäîñòàòíє äієñëîâî, ùî âèðàæàє: 1) ïðèïóùåííÿ, іìîâіðíіñòü, ìîæëèâіñòü: 2) ñóìíіâ, íåâïåâíåíіñòü; 3) ïðîõàííÿ; 4) äîçâіë òà іí. meal, n /m l/ їæà means of travelling, phr /m nz/ çàñіá ïîäîðîæóâàííÿ meat, n /m t/ ì’ÿñî meet, v /m t/ çóñòðі÷àòè melt, v /melt/ òàíóòè message, n /'mesIdZ/ ïîâіäîìëåííÿ middle, adj /'mIdl/ ñåðåäèíà midnight, n /'mIdnaIt/ îïіâíі÷ might /maIt/ past âіä may ìîäàëüíå íåäîñòàòíє äієñëîâî, ùî âèðàæàє: 1) ïðèïóùåííÿ, іìî-

âіðíіñòü, ìîæëèâіñòü: 2) ñóìíіâ, íåâïåâíåíіñòü milkshake, n /milkSeIk/ ìîëî÷íèé êîêòåéëü mineral, adj /'mInərəl/ ìіíåðàëüíèé minibus, n /'mInIbös/ ìіíі-àâòîáóñ minicar, n /'mInIk¸/ ìіíі-àâòîìîáіëü miss, v /mIs/ ïðîïóñòèòè; ñóìóâàòè mistake, n /məI 'steIk/ ïîìèëêà mix, v /mIks/ çìіøóâàòè model, n /'mÁdl/ ìîäåëü modern, adj /'mÁdn/ ñó÷àñíèé monastery, n /'mÁnəstri/ ìîíàñòèð money, n /'möni/ ãðîøі monk, n /möÎk/ ìîíàõ monster, n /'mÁnstə/ ìîíñòð moody, adj /'müdi/ ëþäèíà íàñòðîþ mosaic, n /məU'zeI-Ik/ ìîçàїêà mountain, n /'maUntəI n/ ãîðà move, v /müv/ ðóõàòèñÿ muscle, n /'mösəl/ ìóñêóë museum, n /mjü'ziəm/ ìóçåé mushroom, n /'möSrüm/ ãðèá Music, n /'mjüzIk/ óðîê ìóçèêè

N, n narrow, adj /'n{rəU/ âóçüêèé National Coat of Arms, the /'nəSənəl/ Íàöіîíàëüíèé Ãåðá native speaker, phr /'neItIv 'sp kə/ íîñіé ìîâè native, adj /'neItIv/ ðіäíèé natural disaster, phr /'n{tSərəl/ ïðèðîäíà êàòàñòðîôà natural resources, phr /'n{tSərəl rI'zþsIz/ ïðèðîäíі ðåñóðñè nature, n /'neItSə/ ïðèðîäà necessary, adj /'nesəI səri/ íåîáõіäíèé need, v /n d/ ïîòðåáóâàòè neighbourhood, n /'neIbə/ 1) ñóñіäñòâî, áëèçêіñòü; 2) îêðóãà, ðàéîí, êâàðòàë nephew, n /'nefjü/ ïëåìіííèê

nervous, adj /'n :vəs/ çíåðâîâàíèé netball, n /'netbþl/ íåòáîë never, adv /'nevə/ íіêîëè newspaper, n /'njüs"peIpə/ ãàçåòà nickel, n /'nIkəl/ àìåð. ðîçì. ìîíåòà â 5 öåíòіâ niece, n /n s/ ïëåìіííèöÿ noisy, adj /'nOIzi/ øóìíèé noisy, adv /'nOIzi/ øóìíî noodle soup, phr /'nüdl "süp/ ñóï ç ìàêàðîíàìè normally, adv /'nþməli/ çàçâè÷àé not only that, phr /nÁt e'υnli "D{t/ íå òіëüêè öå notebook, n /'nəUtbUk/ áëîêíîò note, n /nəUt/ íîòàòêa, çàïèñ nothing, pron /'nöTIÎ/ íі÷îãî notice, v /'nəUtəI s/ ïîìі÷àòè

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noticeboard, n /'nəUtəI s"bþd/ âèâіñêà novel, n /'nÁvəl/ ðîìàí nowadays, adv /'naυədeIz/ ñüîãîäíі

nuclear accident, phr /'njükliə '{ksIdənt/ ÿäåðíà êàòàñòðîôà number, n /'nömbə/ íîìåð

O, o ocean, n /'əUSən/ îêåàí office, n /"ÁfəI s/ îôіñíå ïðèìіùåííÿ oil, n phr /OIl/ îëіÿ on foot, phr /Án füt/ ïіøêè on time, phr /Án taIm/ â÷àñíî once, adv /wöns/ îäèí ðàç online, adv /'ÁnlaIn/ îíëàéí, â Іíòåðíåòі opinion, n /ə'pInjən/ äóìêà opportunity, n /"ÁpəI tjünəI t i/ ìîæëèâіñòü

opposite, prep /'ÁpəzəI t / íàâïðîòè order, v /'Odə/ çàìîâëÿòè organize, v /'þgənaIz/ îðãàíіçîâóâàòè originally, adv /ə'rIdZInəli/ çà ïîõîäæåííÿì ornamentation, n /"þnəmen'teISən/ îðíàìåíò outside, prep /aUt'saId/ íàçîâíі own, adj /əUn/ âëàñíèé

P, p pack one’s luggage, phr /p{k/ ïàêóâàòè áàãàæ; ñêëàäàòè ðå÷і paint, n /peInt/ ôàðáà paint, v /peInt/ ìàëþâàòè ôàðáàìè paintbrush, n /'peIntbröS/ ïåíçëèê äëÿ ôàðáè pair, n /peə/ ïàðà pan, n /p{n/ êàñòðóëÿ pancake, n /'p{nkeIk/ ìëèíåöü paragraph, n /'p{rəgr¸f/ àáçàö parents, n /'peərənt/ áàòüêè participate, v /p¸'tIsəI peIt / áðàòè ó÷àñòü particular, adv /pə'tIkj Uə lə/ îñîáëèâèé pass smb, v /p¸s/ ïåðåäàâàòè ùîñü êîìóñü passenger, n /'p{sIndZə/ ïàñàæèð passion, n /'p{Sən/ ïðèñòðàñòü passport, n /'p¸spþt/ ïàñïîðò pasta, n /'p{stə/ ïàñòà, ìàêàðîíè patient, adj /'peISənt/ òåðïëÿ÷èé pavement, n /'peIvmənt/ òðîòóàð pay, v /peI/ ïëàòèòè

pedestrian crossing, phr /pəI 'dest riən 'krÁsI / ïіøîõіäíèé ïåðåõіä peer, n /pIə/ òîâàðèø; îäíîëіòîê pence, n pl /pens/ âіä penny ïåíñ penny, n /'peni/ (pl pence – ïðî ãðîøîâó ñóìó âіä twopence äî elevenpence; pennies – ïðî îêðåìі ìîíåòè) ïåííі, ïåíñ people, n /'p pəl/ ëþäè perfect, adj /'p :fIkt/ ÷óäîâèé performance, n /pə'fþməns/ âèñòàâà person, n /'p :sən/ îñîáà personal belongings, phr /'p :sənəl bI'lÁ I z/ îñîáèñòі ðå÷і personal, adj /'p :sənəl/ îñîáèñòèé photograph, n /'fəUtəgr¸f/ ôîòîãðàôіÿ photography, n /fə'tÁgrəfi/ ôîòîãðàôóâàííÿ Physical Education (PE), n /'fIzIkəl 'edjυkeISən/ óðîê ôіçè÷íîї êóëüòóðè physical, adj /'fIzIkəl/ ôіçè÷íèé 213

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pickles, n /pIklz/ ñîëіííÿ; ïіêóëі; ñîëîíі (ìàðèíîâàíі) îãіðêè picnic, n /'pIknIk/ ïіêíіê picture, n /'pIktSə/ ìàëþíîê picturesque, adj /pIktSə'resk/ ìàëüîâíè÷èé pineapple, n /'paIn{pəl/ àíàíàñ pistol, n /'pIstl/ ïіñòîëåò pizza, n /'p tsə/ ïіöà place smth over the fire, phr /pleIs/ ïîñòàâèòè ùîñü íà âîãîíü plain, n /pleIn/ ðіâíèíà plane, n /pleIn/ ëіòàê planet, n /'pl{nəI t / ïëàíåòà plant, n /pl¸nt/ ðîñëèíà plate, n /pleIt/ òàðіëêà playground, n /'pleIgraUnd/ іãðîâèé ìàéäàí÷èê pleasant, adj /'plezənt/ ïðèєìíèé pleasure, n /'pleZə/ çàäîâîëåííÿ plum, n /plöm/ ñëèâà poem, n /'pəUəI m/ âіðø; ïîåçіÿ point, v /pOInt/ âêàçóâàòè polite, adj /pə'laIt/ âі÷ëèâèé political, adj /pə'lItIkəl/ ïîëіòè÷íèé poplar, n /'pÁplə/ òîïîëÿ popular, adj /'pÁpj Uə lə/ ïîïóëÿðíèé population, n /"pÁpj Uə leISən/ íàñåëåííÿ populous, adj /'pÁpj Uə ləs/ áàãàòîëþäíèé; ãóñòîíàñåëåíèé porridge, n /'pÁridZ/ êàøà portrait, n /'pþtrəI t / ïîðòðåò possible, adj /'pÁsəI bəl/ ìîæëèâèé post office, n /'pəUst'ÁfIs/ ïîøòîâå âіääіëåííÿ

postman, n /'pəUstmən/ ëèñòîíîøà potato, n /pə'teItəU/ êàðòîïëÿ pound, n /paUnd/ ôóíò ñòåðëіíãіâ practice, n /'pr{ktəI s/ ïðàêòèêà; òðåíóâàííÿ pray, v /preI/ ìîëèòèñÿ prefer, v /prI'f :/ íàäàâàòè ïåðåâàãó prepare, v /prI'peə/ ãîòóâàòè preposition, n /"prepə'zISən/ ïðèéìåííèê present, n /'prezənt/ ïîäàðóíîê present, v /prI'zent/ äàðóâàòè preserved, adj /prI'z :v/ êîíñåðâîâàíèé presidential, adj /"prezəI denSəl/ ïðåçèäåíòñüêèé previous, adj /'pr viəs/ ïîïåðåäíіé price, n /praIs/ öіíà princess, n /"prIn'ses/ ïðèíöåñà prison, n /'prIzən/ â’ÿçíèöÿ problem, n /'prÁbləm/ ïðîáëåìà process, n /'prəUsəs/ ïðîöåñ product, n /'prÁdökt/ ïðîäóêò project, n /'prÁdZəkt/ ïðîåêò provide information, phr /prə'vaId/ çàáåçïå÷óâàòè іíôîðìàöієþ provide, v /prə'vaId/ çàáåçïå÷óâàòè public transport, phr /'pöblIk/ ãðîìàäñüêèé òðàíñïîðò pudding, n /'pUdIÎ/ ïóäèíã punch a ticket, phr /pöntS/ êîìïîñòèðóâàòè êâèòîê purchase, n /'p :tSəI s/ ïîêóïêà

Q, q quality, n /'kwÁləI t i/ ÿêіñòü Queen of England, the, phr /kw n/ êîðîëåâà Àíãëії question, n /'kwestSən/ çàïèòàííÿ questionnaire, n /"kwestSə'neə/ âіêòîðèíà queue, n /kjü/ ÷åðãà

quickly, adv /'kwIkli/ øâèäêî quiet, adj /kwaIət/ òèõèé quiet, adj /kwaIət/ òèõî quiz, n /kwIz/ âіêòîðèíà; îïèòóâàííÿ quiz-game, n /'kwIz "geIm/ âіêòîðèíà-ãðà

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R, r race, n /reIs/ ïåðåãîíè railway station, n /'reIlweI 'steISən/ çàëіçíè÷íà ñòàíöіÿ raisin, n /'reIzən/ ðîäçèíêà rather, adv /'r¸Də/ äîñèòü raven, n /'reIvən/ âîðîí reach, v /r tS/ äîñÿãàòè ready, adj /'redi/ ãîòîâèé real situation, phr /rIəl/ /"sItjυ'eISən/ ñïðàâæíÿ ñèòóàöіÿ really look like, phr ñïðàâäі âèãëÿäàє reason, n /'r zən/ ïðè÷èíà receipt, n /rI's t/ ÷åê çà ïîêóïêó reception, n /rI'sepSən/ ïðèéîì recite, v /rI'saIt/ äåêëàìóâàòè recreation centre, phr /"rekri'eISən/ òóðèñòè÷íèé öåíòð, ìіñöå âіäïî÷èíêó reduce, v /rI'djüs/ ñêîðî÷óâàòè regular service, phr /'regj υə lə/ ïîñòіéíèé ñåðâіñ regular, adj /'regj υə lə/ ðåãóëÿðíèé regularly, adv /'regj υə ləli/ ïîñòіéíî, ðåãóëÿðíî relationship, n /rI'leISənSIp/ ñòîñóíêè relative, adj /'relətIv/ ðîäè÷ relax, v /rI'l{ks/ ðîçñëàáèòèñÿ relaxing, adj /rI'l{ksIÎ/ ïîì’ÿêøóþ÷èé, ðîçñëàáëþþ÷èé remember, v /rI'membə/ ïàì’ÿòàòè remind smb of/about smth, phr /rI'maInd/ íàãàäóâàòè êîìóñü ïðî ùîñü

remind, v /rI'maInd/ íàãàäóâàòè repeat, v /rI'p t/ ïîâòîðþâàòè residence, n /'rezəI dəns/ ðåçèäåíöіÿ resource, n /rI'zþs/ ðåñóðñ respect, v /rI'spekt/ ïîâàæàòè respond, v /rI'spÁnd/ äàâàòè âіäïîâіäü restaurant, n /'restərÁnt/ ðåñòîðàí result, n /rI'zölt/ ðåçóëüòàò return ticket, phr /rI'tÆ:n/ êâèòîê ó îáèäâà êіíöі rhyme, n /raIm/ ðèìà rice, n /raIs/ ðèñ ride a horse, phr /raId/ їçäèòè âåðõè íà êîíі right-hand side, adj /'raIth{nd "saId/ ñïðàâà river port, phr /'rIvə "pþt/ ðі÷íèé ïîðò river, n /'rIvə/ ðі÷êà riverside, n /'rIvəsaId/ áåðåã ðі÷êè road sign, phr /'rəυd "saIn/ äîðîæíіé çíàê roast, adj /rəυst/ ïå÷åíèé role, n, adj /rəυl/ ðîëü role-play, n /'rəυlpleI/ ðîëüîâà ãðà rough, adv /röf/ ãðóáèé round, adj /raυnd/ êðóãëèé rowing, n /'rəυI / ãðåáëÿ royal, adj /'rOIəl/ êîðîëіâñüêèé rucksack, n /'röks{k/ ðþêçàê run from … to ... , phr /rön/ їçäèòü âіä … äî … runner, n /'rönə/ áіãóí

S, s sailing, n /'seIlI / ïàðóñíèé ñïîðò salad, n /'s{ləd/ ñàëàò salt, n /sþlt/ ñіëü salty, adj /'sþlti/ ñîëîíèé same, adj /seIm/ òîé ñàìèé sandal, n /'s{ndl/ ñàíäàëіÿ

sandwich, n /'s{ndwIdZ/ áóòåðáðîä sausage, n /'sÁsIdZ/ êîâáàñà sausages, n /'sÁsIdZIz/ ñîñèñêè save, v /seIv/ åêîíîìèòè save smb’s time, phr /seIv/ åêîíîìèòè ÷èéñü ÷àñ

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scary, adj /skeəri/ ñòðàøíèé school gym, phr /'skül "dZIm/ øêіëüíèé ñïîðòèâíèé çàë schoolmate, n /'skülmeIt/ òîâàðèø ïî øêîëі Science, n /'s Iəns/ óðîê ïðèðîäîçíàâñòâà scientific, adj /"saIən'tIfIk/ íàóêîâèé scientist, n /'saIəntəI st / ó÷åíèé score a goal, phr /skþ/ çàáèòè ãîë scream, v /skr m/ êðè÷àòè seafood, n /'s füd/ ìîðåïðîäóêòè seaside, n /'s saId/ ìîðñüêå óçáåðåææÿ season, n /'s zən/ ïîðà ðîêó; ñåçîí section, n /'sekSən/ âіääіë (ó ìàãàçèíі) self-discipline, n /self'dIsIplIn/ ñàìîäèñöèïëіíà sentence, n /'sentəns/ ðå÷åííÿ serve, v /sÆ:v/ ñëóæèòè service, v /'sÆ:vəI s/ ñåðâіñ, ïîñëóãà set personal goals, phr /set/ âèçíà÷àòè (ñòàâèòè) îñîáèñòі öіëі set up role-plays, phr /set öp/ ñòàâèòè ðîëüîâі іãðè sew, v /səυ/ øèòè sewing, n /'səυI / øèòòÿ share, v /Seə/ äіëèòèñÿ shed, n /Sed/ óêðèòòÿ ship, n /SIp/ êîðàáåëü shoot a ball, phr /Süt/ êèäàòè ì’ÿ÷ shop, n /SÁp/ ìàãàçèí shop-assistant, n /SÁp ə'sIstənt/ ïðîäàâåöü shopping list, phr /'SÁpI lIst/ ñïèñîê ïîêóïîê shopping mall, phr /'SÁpI "mþl/ òîðãіâåëüíèé öåíòð shorts, n /Sþts/ øîðòè shout, v /Saυt/ êðè÷àòè side dish, phr /saId dIS/ ãàðíіð side, n /saId/ ñòîðîíà sight, n /saIt/ âèä; ìіñöå sightseeing, n /'saIt"s I / îãëÿä âèçíà÷íèõ ìіñöü

similar, adj /'sImələ/ ñõîæèé singing, n /'sI I / ñïіâ single ticket, phr /'sI gəl/ êâèòîê â îäèí êіíåöü sister, n /'sIstə/ ñåñòðà situation, n /"sItSu'eISən/ ñèòóàöіÿ size, n /saIz/ ðîçìіð (îäÿãó) skate, v /skeIt/ êàòàòèñÿ íà êîâçàíàõ skateboarding, n /'skeItbþdI / êàòàòèñÿ íà ñêåéòі skating rink, n /'skeItI rI k/ êàòîê skier, n /'sk ə/ ëèæíèê skiing, n /'sk I / ëèæíèé ñïîðò ski-jumping, n /'skI'dZömpI / ñòðèáêè íà ëèæàõ skill, n /skIl/ óìіííÿ skip rope, n /skIp 'rəυp/ ñêàêàëêà skirt, n /skÆ:t/ ñïіäíèöÿ slow, adj /sləυ/ ïîâіëüíèé slowly, adv /'sləυli/ ïîâіëüíî smart, adj /sm t/ ðîçóìíèé smell, v /smel/ íþõàòè; âіä÷óâàòè çàïàõ smile, n /smaIl/ ïîñìіõàòèñÿ; ïîñìіøêà snack, n /sn{k/ çàêóñêà soap, n /səυp/ ìèëî soccer, n /'sÁkə/ ôóòáîë sociable, adj /'səυSəbl/ ëþáèòü ñïіäêóâàòèñÿ soft, adj /sÁft/ ì’ÿêèé softball, n /'sÁftbþl/ ì’ÿêèé ì’ÿ÷ solve, v /sÁlv/ âèðіøóâàòè son, n /sön/ ñèí sound, v /saυnd/ çâó÷àòè; âіä÷óâàòè çâóê sour cream, n /saυəkr m/ ñìåòàíà sour milk, phr /saυəmilk/ êèñëå ìîëîêî sour, adj /saυə/ êèñëèé souvenir, n /"süvə'nIə/ ñóâåíіð spaghetti, n /spə'geti/ ñïàãåòòі Spanish, n /'sp'{nIS/ óðîê іñïàíñüêîї ìîâè specific, adj /spəI 'sIfIk/ ñöåöèôі÷íèé

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spelling, n /'spelI / ïðàâîïèñ spicy, adj /spaIsi/ 1) ïðèñìà÷åíèé ñïåöіÿìè; çìіøàíèé іç ñïåöіÿìè; 2) ïðÿíèé, àðîìàòíèé; 3) ðîçì. ãîñòðèé, ïіêàíòíèé splendid, adj /'splendəI d/ ÷óäîâèé spoon, n /spün/ ëîæêà sporting event, phr /'spþtI I'vent/ ñïîðòèâíà ïîäіÿ sports centre, phr /'spþts "sentə/ ñïîðòèâíèé öåíòð sports club, phr /'spþts "klöb/ ñïîðòèâíèé êëóá sports venue, phr /'spþts 'venjü/ ìіñöå äëÿ ïðîâåäåííÿ ñïîðòèâíèõ çàõîäіâ sportsground, n /'spþtsgraυnd/ ñïîðòèâíèé ìàéäàí÷èê sportsman, n /'spþtsmən/ ñïîðòñìåí square, n /skweə/ ïëîùà stadium, n /'steIdiəm/ ñòàäіîí starter, n /'st tə/ ñòðàâà, ç ÿêîї ïî÷èíàþòü îáіä stay, v /steI/ çóïèíÿòèñÿ, çàëèøàòèñÿ steak, n /steIk/ ñòåéê stick, v /stIk/ 1) ïðèêëåþâàòè; 2) äîòðèìóâàòèñü story, n /'stþri/ іñòîðіÿ; îïîâіäàííÿ straight ahead, phr /'streIt ə'hed/ ïðÿìî straight, adj, adv /streIt/ ïðÿìèé; ïðÿìî strawberró, n /'strþbəri/ ïîëóíèöÿ strengthen, v /'stre ən/ óêðіïëþ-

âàòè stress, n /stres/ ñòðåñ stretch, v /stretS/ ïðîñòÿãàòè; äàâàòè âіäïî÷èíîê strict, adj /strIkt/ ñóâîðèé structure, n /'ströktSə/ ñòðóêòóðà style, n /staIl/ ñòèëü subject, n /'söbdZIkt/ øêіëüíèé ïðåäìåò subtropical, adj /"söb'trÁpIkəl/ ñóáòðîïі÷íèé suitable, adj /'sütəbəl/ òîé, ùî ïіäõîäèòü suitcase, n /'sütkeIs/ ÷åìîäàí sunbathing, n /'sönbeIDI / çàãîðàííÿ íà ñîíöі supermarket, n /'süpə"m kəI t / ñóïåðìàðêåò superstar, n /'süpəst / çіðêà (âèäàòíà îñîáà) support, v /sə'pþt/ ïіäòðèìóâàòè sure, adj /Sþ/ çâè÷àéíî; âïåâíåíèé surprised, adj /sə'praIzd/ çäèâîâàíèé surroundings, n /sə'raυndI z/ îêîëèöі swan, n /'swÁn/ ëåáiäü sweater, n /'swetə/ ñâåòð sweet, n /sw t/ öóêåðêà sweet, adj /sw t/ ñîëîäêèé swimming pool, n /'swImI pül/ áàñåéí swimsuit, n /'swImsüt/ êóïàëüíèé êîñòþì symbol, n /'sImbəl/ ñèìâîë

T, t take care of, phr /teIk keər əv/ ïіêëóâàòèñÿ take turns, phr /'teIk "tÆ:nz/ ïî ÷åðçі talented, adj /'t{ləntəI d/ òàëàíîâèòèé

taste, v /teIst/ 1) ïðîáóâàòè íà ñìàê; êóøòóâàòè; 2) äåãóñòóâàòè; 3) ìàòè ñìàê, ïðèñìàê; to taste sour – áóòè êèñëèì íà ñìàê; 4) їñòè, ïèòè

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tasty, adj /'teIsti/ ñìà÷íèé taxi rank, phr /'t{ksi "r{ k/ ñòîÿíêà òàêñі team, n /t m/ êîìàíäà teenager, n /'t neIdZə/ ïіäëіòîê telephone, n /'teləI faυn/ òåëåôîí; òåëåôîíóâàòè tell smb, phr /tel/ ðîçïîâіäàòè êîìóñü temperate, adj /'tempərəI t / ïîìіðíèé temperature, n /'temprəI t Sə/ òåìïåðàòóðà tennis, n /'tenəI s/ òåíіñ test, n /test/ òåñò textbook, n /'tekstbυk/ ïіäðó÷íèê that’s why, phr /'D{ts 'waI/ îñü ÷îìó theatre school, phr /' Iətə skül/ òåàòðàëüíà øêîëà theatre, n /' Iətə/ òåàòð thoroughly, adv /' örəli/ ðåòåëüíî through, prep / rü/ ÷åðåç; êðіçü throw, v / rəυ/ êèäàòè ticket, n /'tIkəI t / êâèòîê time, n /taIm/ ÷àñ timetable, n /'taIm"teIbəl/ ðîçêëàä óðîêіâ tired, adj /taIəd/ ñòîìëåíèé tiring, adj /'taIərI / ñòîìëþþ÷èé toast, n /təυst/ øìàòî÷îê ïіäñìàæåíîãî õëіáà; ãðіíêà; òîñò today, adv /tə'deI/ ñüîãîäíі together, adv /tə'geDə/ ðàçîì token machine, phr /'təυkən mə'S n/ àâòîìàò äëÿ ïðîäàæó æåòîíіâ íà ïðîїçä token, n /'təυkən/ æåòîí (íàïð., äëÿ ïðîїçäó â ìåòðî) tomb, n /tüm/ óñèïàëüíèöÿ, ãðîáíèöÿ

tonight, adv /tə'naIt/ ñüîãîäíі ââå÷åðі topic, n /'tÁpIk/ òåìà tour, n /tυə/ òóð; ïîїçäêà tourist information centre, phr /'tυərəI st / іíôîðìàöіéíèé òóðèñòè÷íèé öåíòð tourist, n /'tυərəI st / òóðèñò tower, n /'taυə/ âåæà toy demonstration, phr /tOI/ äåìîíñòðàöіÿ іãðàøîê toy store, phr /'tOI "stþ/ ìàãàçèí іãðàøîê trade, n /treId/ òîðãіâëÿ tradition, n /trə'dISən/ òðàäèöіÿ traffic lights, phr /'tr{fIk/ ñâіòëîôîð traffic, n /'tr{fIk/ òðàíñïîðòíèé ïîòіê train, n /treIn/ ïîòÿã train, v /treIn/ òðåíóâàòèñÿ training, n /'treInI / òðåíóâàííÿ transport system, phr /'tr{nspþt 'sIstəm/ òðàíñïîðòíà ñèñòåìà transport, n /'tr{nspþt/ òðàíñïîðò travel document, phr /'tr{vəl/ ïðîїçíèé äîêóìåíò (äèòèíè) travelling, n /'tr{vəlI / ïîäîðîæóâàííÿ treasure, n /'treZə/ ñêàðá tremble, v /'trembəl/ òðåìòіòè trip, n /trIp/ ïîäîðîæ tropical, adj /'trÁpIkəl/ òðîïі÷íèé true, adj /trü/ ïðàâèëüíèé try smth on, phr /traI/ ïðèìіðÿòè try, v /traI/ íàìàãàòèñÿ tryout, n /traIaυt/ âèïðîáîâóâàííÿ T-shirt, n /'t SÆ:t/ ôóòáîëêà turn, n /tÆ:n/ ÷åðãà twice, adv /twaIs/ äâі÷і typical, adj /'tIpIkəl/ òèïîâèé

U, u ugly, adj /'ögli/ æàõëèâèé, íåïðèєìíèé Ukrainian, n /jü'kreInjən/ óðîê óêðàїíñüêîї ìîâè

umbrella, n /öm'brelə/ ïàðàñîëüêà uncle, n /'ö kəl/ äÿäüêî uncomfortable, adv /ön'kömftəbəl/ íåçðó÷íî

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underground, n /'öndəgraυnd/ ìåòðî understand, v /'öndə'st{nd/ ðîçóìіòè uniform, n /'jünəI fþm/ ôîðìà university, n /'jünəI 'vÆ:səI t i/ óíіâåðñèòåò

upcoming, adj /'öp"kömI / òîé, ùî íàáëèæàєòüñÿ use, v /jüz/ âèêîðèñòîâóâàòè useful, adj /'jüsfəl/ êîðèñíèé

V, v vacuum, v /'v{kjυəm/ ïèëîñîñèòè valley, v /'v{li/ äîëèíà vanilla, v /və'nIlə/ âàíіëü vegetable, v /'vedZtəbəl/ îâî÷ vegetarian, n /"vedZəI 'teəriən/ âåãåòàðіàíåöü view, n /vjü/ âèä vinegar, n /'vInIgə/ óêñóñ

visit, v /'vIzəI t / âіäâіäóâàòè vital, adj /'vaItl/ æèòòєâîíåîáõіäíèé vitamin, n /'vItəməI n/ âіòàìіí vocabulary, n /və'k{bjυələri/ ñëîâíèê volcano, n /vÁl'keInəυ/ âóëêàí volleyball, n /'vÁlibþl/ âîëåéáîë

W, w wait, v /weIt/ î÷іêóâàòè walk, v /wþk/ õîäèòè ïіøêè walking shoes, phr /'wþkI "Süz/ âçóòòÿ íà íèçüêіé ïëàòôîðìі warm-up, n /wþm öp/ ïіäãîòîâ÷à âïðàâà water route, phr /'wþtə"rüt/ âîäíèé øëÿõ water sport, phr /'wþtə"spþt/ âîäíèé âèä ñïîðòó water, n /'wþtə/ âîäà watercolours, n /'wþtə"kölə/ àêâàðåëüíі ôàðáè wax, n /w{ks/ âіñê weak, adj /w k/ ñëàáêèé wealth, n /wel / áàãàòñòâî wear jumbo numbers, phr /weə 'dZömbəυ "nömbəz/ íàäÿãàòè íîìåðíі çíàêè (ó ñïîðòèâíèõ çìàãàííÿõ) wear, v /weə/ íîñèòè (ïðî îäÿã) weather, n /'weDə/ ïîãîäà web page, n /'webpeIdZ/ ñòîðіíêà Іíòåðíåòó weekend, n /"w k'end/ âèõіäíèé äåíü

weird, adj /wIəd/ äèêèé welcome, v /'welkəm/ ëàñêàâî çàïðîøóâàòè well-cooked, adj /"wel'kυkt/ äîáðå ïðèãîòîâëåíèé well-developed, adj /'weldə'veləpt/ äîáðå ðîçâèíåíèé well-educated, adj /'wel'edjυkeItəI d/ äîáðåîñâі÷åíèé What’s happened? /'wÁts 'h{pənd/ Ùî òðàïèëîñü? whichever, conj /wItS'evə/ ùîá òî íå áóëî wide, adj /waId/ øèðîêèé wife, n /waIf/ äðóæèíà wig, n /wIg/ ïåðóêà win a competition, phr /'wIn ə 'kÁmpəI It ISən/ âèãðàòè çìàãàííÿ win a cup, phr /'wIn ə 'köp/ âèãðàòè êóáîê winner, n /'wInə/ ïåðåìîæåöü without, prep /wID'aυt/ áåç wonderful, adj /'wöndəfəl/ ÷óäîâèé

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word combination, phr /wÆ:d 'kÁmbəIneISən/ ñëîâîñïîëó÷åííÿ World Literature, n /wÆ:ld 'lItrItSə/ óðîê ñâіòîâîї ëіòåðàòóðè worry about, v /'wöri ə'baυt/ õâèëþâàòèñÿ ïðî worth, n /wÆ: / 1. 1) öіííіñòü, çíà÷åííÿ; âàæëèâіñòü; ãіäíіñòü;

2) öіíà, âàðòіñòü; 2. adj pred.

1) âàðòèé, ùî ìàє âàðòіñòü, öіíó; 2) ùî çàñëóãîâóє; ùî ìàє öіííіñòü, âàæëèâіñòü wrestling, n /'reslI / áîðîòüáà

Y, y yachting, n /'jÁtI / ïëàâàòè íà ÿõòі yard, n /j d/ ïîäâіð’ÿ

yoghurt, n /'jÁgət/ éîãóðò

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TAPESCRIPTS Exercise 1, page 36 Five Loaves of Bread Mr Brown went to the market every day. He always bought five loaves of bread there.

One day Mr Brown met his friend, Mr Smith.

Mr Smith said, “I meet you almost every day and I always see you with five loaves of bread. Why do you always buy five loaves, no more and no less?”

“I lend two and with the other two I pay my debts1,” answered Mr Brown.

“I don’t understand you,” said Mr Smith.

“Oh, well, my wife and I eat one loaf, I give two to my children, and two loaves to my father and mother,” said Mr Brown.

Exercise 2, page 81 Dan: Hi, Steve! I haven’t seen you for ages! How are you getting on?

Steve: I’m quite well, thank you. I spend lots of time in the gym.

Dan: Do you play tennis?

Steve: No, I don’t. I joined the basketball club last year. Do you want to join me?

Dan: How often do you train?

Steve: On Mondays, Wednesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays.

Dan: Oh, no! I have some free time only at the weekend.

Steve: Then come and watch our city basketball contest in June!

Dan: With great pleasure. I’ve got enough time on holidays.

1

debts – áîðãè

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CONTENTS

Ëþáі äіòè! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Introduction Welcome Back! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Unit 1. My Family and Friends. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Unit 2. Shopping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Unit 3. Food and Drinks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Unit 4. Sports and Games . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Unit 5. Travelling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Unit 6. Great Britain: London . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Unit 7. Ukraine: Kyiv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 Unit 8. School Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 Grammar Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 English-Ukrainian Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Tapescripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

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Íàâ÷àëüíå âèäàííÿ

ÍÅÑÂІÒ Àëëà Ìèêîëàїâíà

ÀÍÃËІÉÑÜÊÀ ÌÎÂÀ (6-é ðіê íàâ÷àííÿ) Ïіäðó÷íèê äëÿ 6 êëàñó çàãàëüíîîñâіòíіõ íàâ÷àëüíèõ çàêëàäіâ Ðåêîìåíäîâàíî Ìіíіñòåðñòâîì îñâіòè і íàóêè Óêðàїíè

Âèäàíî çà ðàõóíîê äåðæàâíèõ êîøòіâ. Ïðîäàæ çàáîðîíåíî

Ãîëîâíèé ðåäàêòîð Íàòàëіÿ Çàáëîöüêà Ðåäàêòîð Òàìàðà Іâàùåíêî Õóäîæíіé ðåäàêòîð Þëіÿ ßñіíñüêà Õóäîæíèê Âіêòîðіÿ Äóíàєâà Îáêëàäèíêà Òåòÿíè Êóù Òåõíі÷íèé ðåäàêòîð Öåçàðèíà Ôåäîñіõіíà Êîìï’þòåðíà âåðñòêà Íàòàëії Êîðñóí

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Ôîðìàò 70×100/16. Óì. äðóê. àðê. 18,144. Îáë.-âèä. àðê. 16,95. Òèðàæ 199 892 ïð. Âèä.

1462. Çàì. . Âèäàâíèöòâî «Ãåíåçà», âóë. Òèìîøåíêà, 2-ë, ì. Êèїâ, 04212. Ñâіäîöòâî ñóá’єêòà âèäàâíè÷îї ñïðàâè ñåðіÿ ÄÊ 3966 âіä 01.02.2011. Âіääðóêîâàíî ç ãîòîâèõ ïîçèòèâіâ ó ÒΠ«ÏÅÒ», âóë. Îëüìіíñüêîãî, 17, ì. Õàðêіâ, 61024. Ñâіäîöòâî ñóá’єêòà âèäàâíè÷îї ñïðàâè ñåðіÿ ÄÊ 4526 âіä 18.04.2013.

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