Engaging Diaspora Across Cultural Foodscapes by Nathan Severiano

ENGAGING DIASPORA

ACROSS CULTURAL FOODSCAPES DESIGN THINKING NATHAN SEVERIANO FALL, 2019

00 INTRODUCTION 01 PREMISE

02 PROGRAM

Pages 4-9

Pages 10-37

Pages 38-73

A brief introduction to the themes and topics used to define the architectural thesis of this book.

The initial interests, investigations, and theoretical underpinnings used to define the architectural thesis.

Exploring the architectural possibilities as a result of the theoretical premise.

XX 03 PLACE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

04 POSSIBILITIES

05 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Pages 74-101

Pages 102-109

Pages 110-118

Locating the site of the architectural thesis in the context of St. Louis.

Possible building massing and initial design proposals for the thesis project.

List of sources used for research as well as sources of photographs that were not taken by me.

INTRODUCTION The following images are an introduction to the design research presented throughout the extents of this book. These images serve to spark my initial investigation into cultural identity and the physical built environment.

BUILDING DIASPORA: CULTIVATING CULTURAL SUPPORT NETWORKS

PREMISE For the millions of residents of the United States who have emigrated from another country, the notion of representing one’s identity and culture is an issue that most immigrants have to negotiate as they settle into their host locales. The word “diaspora” captures this process of social transformation and self-representation of one’s collective memory of home while reconciling the cultural identity with the already established social, political, and economic cultures of their new adopted cities. Upon arriving and settling into their new host city, food is oftentimes a way in which immigrants can easily recreate their collective memory of their former home in their new adopted city. Through cooking, and furthermore through the establishment of ethnic restaurants, immigrants are able to provide and connect to their ethnic communities by establishing an informal cultural support network. Throughout its history, St. Louis has had a rich history of immigrant settlement, and the establishment of ethnic food restaurants has been a way in which immigrant communities have been able to establish a cultural identity within the context of St. Louis while also sharing their culture/heritage and engaging with the local residents of St. Louis. How can we facilitate cultural representation/identity for immigrant populations and engage diaspora through architecture?

HISTORICAL IMMIGRATION PATTERNS IN ST. LOUIS

As early as the 18th century, the city of St. Louis has been known to foster immigrant communities, with the arrival of French fur traders who sited their outpost here in 1764. Prior to the French, the area had been occupied since the 13th century by the Cahokia native Americans, which at it’s peak had a population of Sources: 1. “A Brief History of St. Louis.” 2. “Part I.”

40,000 inhabitants, therefore making the French the first immigrant community to inhabit what is now the St. Louis area. After the western territory was sold to the United States through the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, St. Louis saw an influx of European immigrants to the area, most in

search of economic prosperity at the new frontier. Some immigrants came to St. Louis in the early to mid1800s from Great Britain, Ireland, and Germany, finding jobs in the booming brick industry alongside African Americans. Later, at the turn of the 20th century, St. Louis began to

see growing immigrant populations from Czechoslovakia, Slovenia, Italy, as well as the first wave of Mexican immigrants fleeing hardship from the Mexican Civil War. Today, Immigrants from all over the world are calling St. Louis their new home. Immigrants from Mexico continue to make up one of

the largest immigrant populations in the city, alongside Asian immigrants from China, Vietnam, the Philippines, and India. Another major immigrant population that has arrived in St. Louis in the early to mid-1990s is the Bosnian population. Due to the Bosnian Herzegovina war, many

refugees fled to other countries, including St. Louis, which has the largest Bosnian population outside of Bosnia. Over the city’s history, the immigrants who have settled and called St. Louis their new home have shaped the city, creating a diverse cultural and ethnic landscape.

Timeline Sources: 1. “Table 26. Missouri - Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Large Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990.” 2. “A Brief History of St. Louis.”

PREMISE

DOWNTOWN / RIVERFRONT: FRENCH

DOGTOWN / CHELTENHAM: IRISH

THE HILL: ITALIAN

HYDE PARK: GERMAN

KEW PATCH: IRISH

NEAR SOUTH SIDE: CZECH + SLOVENIAN

NEAR NORTH SIDE: GERMAN

French explorers sited their trading post in what is now the downtown St. Louis Riverfront between Laclede’s Landing and Chouteau’s Landing. Other significant ethnic enclaves and cultural communities include: Dogtown/Cheltenham, and Kew Patch by the Irish, Near South Side by the Czech and Slovenians, The Hill by

the Italians, and Hyde Park and Near North Side by German Immigrants. Traces of each immigrant/cultural enclave can still be found in each area through the architecture, cultural and heritage elements, along with the nationally and city designated historic districts.

HISTORICAL CULTURAL ENCLAVES: As immigrants primarily from European countries came to settle and call St. Louis their home, people of the same cultural and ethnic background began to form ethnic enclaves throughout the city. I have identified seven historical ethnic enclaves that began to develop starting in the mid-18th century when the Sources: 1.“A Brief History of St. Louis.”

PREMISE

TOP 11 FOREIGN BORN COUNTRIES: 2009-2013

CURRENT IMMIGRATION TRENDS: Current immigration statistics and trends show that the greatest region from which immigrants are coming to St. Louis are originally from is Asia, with a total of 41,700 immigrants, and Central America following with 28,600 immigrants. While Asia represents the largest origin of immigrants moving to St. Louis, within the years of 20092013, the country with the largest amount of foreign born citizens in St. Louis, are coming from Mexico. Other major foreign born citizens countries include, India, Bosnia, China, as well as other Asian and European countries. Map + Data Chart Sources: 1. “U.S. Immigrant Population by State and County.” 2. “Top Immigrant Populations by U.S. State.”

PREMISE

TOUCHING GRO

“Cherokee Street Cinco de Mayo Celebrates Neighborhood’s Culture | Hot List | Stltoday.Com.” 18

OUND IN ST. LOUIS: With an influx of immigrants from all over the world calling St. Louis their new home, there are areas in the city in which immigrant populations tend to settle in higher concentrations. Today, two areas that continue to welcome high numbers of new immigrants include South City, St. Louis, particularly in the areas of Dutchtown/Tower Grove South, as well as in St. Louis county near the cities of University City and Olivette. These areas, built up from existing and historical immigrant enclaves,

provide new immigrants with a support network through already established foodscapes, community ties, and other culturally significant elements that help them transition to their new adopted home. The maps on the following pages show where St. Louisâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; foreign born populations have touched down and established a home in their new adopted city. The background gradient of these maps is showing the general distribution of foreign born citizens (immigrants) in St.

Louis and St. Louis County; the darker the underlay, the higher the density of foreign born citizens live in that area. The maps then show specific immigrant populations or groups of immigrant populations, where each dot represents 25 people. The first map has the combined immigrant population distribution of Mexican, Chinese, Indian, Filipino, Vietnamese, and Korean immigrants in St. Louis, followed by each individual immigrant population alone.

PREMISE

MEXICAN POPULATION DISTRIBUTION:

CHINESE POPULATION DISTRIBUTION:

KOREAN, VIETNAMESE, FILIPINO POPULATION DISTRIBUTION:

PREMISE

F H O ST

ES O

LTU R

COLLECTIV EM EM

POLITICS, LOCAL ECONOMY, SOCIAL NORMS, FOOD/COOKING, RELIGION, LANGUAGE, FAMILY, MUSIC, LANGUAGE, DIASPORA RACISM/XENOPHOBIA SOCIAL /DESCRIMINATION, INTERACTIONS, EDUCATION, RELIGION TRADITIONS/CUSTOMS ED LAW H LIS

LO C A L E S

OME H F YO R O

B ESTA

DEFINING DIASPORA: As previously mentioned, the word “diaspora” connotes the representation of one’s own cultural identity through the negotiation between their collective memory of home, and the existing social, political, and economic cultural landscapes of their new host locales. While there are many

elements that may help an immigrant navigate their cultural identity in a new cultural landscape (such as family, music, language, and religion) food is often times looked at as one of the easiest ways of realizing their collective memory of home. Furthermore, food presents an opportunity to break into the

Sources: 1. Fong & Berry. Immigration and the City. Malden: Polity Press. pp. 85-102 2017.

existing cultural landscape of their host locales, as people are often times more willing to experience and learn about unfamiliar cultures through ethnic cuisines/restaurants, while also providing a space for cultural support networks to establish.1

ESTABLISHING CULTURAL FOODSCAPES: Foodscapes, as termed by Fong & Berry in Immigration and the City, is the urban landscape revolving around food and the food industry. Food and the evolution of a cultural foodscape in global cities is highly impacted by immigrant communities, and can be looked at as a two-way process

between immigrant populations and global cities.2 Food, for many immigrant populations, serves as a cultural support network and representation of ones cultural identity, furthermore providing immigrants with entrepreneurial/ economic opportunities by establishing restaurants and other

Sources: 2. Ibid, 85-102. 3. Zukin, Sharon. Global Cities, Local Streets. Routledge: New York. pp 1-89.2016.

food businesses. These jobs not only benefit the immigrant populations, but help establish the notion of global cities, by introducing ethnic cuisines to an existing cultural landscape.3 Furthermore, foodscapes help to facilitate cultural assimilation and acceptance of immigrant community cultures in host locales.

PREMISE

CHEROKEE STREET FOODSCAPE AND CULTURAL ELEMENTS: 1.

Tower Taco

Carrillo Western Wear

Taqueria El Bronco

El Leñador

Latin Barber Shop

La Vallesana

Diana’s Bakery

Mariscos El Galleo

Carniceria Latino Americana

Business Type: Restaurant Ethnicity: Mexican

Business Type: Bakery Ethnicity: Mexican

Business Type: Commercial Business Ethnicity: Mexican

Business Type: Restaurant Ethnicity: Mexican

Business Type: Butcher/Restaurant Ethnicity: Mexican

1. 3.

11. 12.

2. 9. 4.

10. 13. 14.

15.

10.

Lillyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Panderia

13.

The Taco & Ice Cream Joint

11.

El Torito

14.

Dulceria Medina

12.

Hectorito Restaurante

15.

Casa Loma Ballroom

Business Type: Bakery Ethnicity: Mexican

Business Type: Market and Restaurant Ethnicity: Mexican

Business Type: Restaurant Ethnicity: Mexican

Business Type: Sweet Shop Ethnicity: Mexican

Business Type: Ballroom Ethnicity: Mexican

PREMISE

FOODSCAPES: CHEROKEE STREET

SUPERMERCADO EL TORITO: A Mexican super market carrying authentic food products and other Mexican cultural products for the St. Louis Mexican immigrant population. The use of the Spanish language, and colors of the Mexican flag, allows the owners to claim space that represents their own cultural identity.

TAQUERIA EL BRONCO: Mexican Restaurant specializing in tacos and other traditional Mexican Cuisine. The exterior of the building has been appropriated by a canopy bearing the colors of the Mexican Flag. This process of appropriation allows the restaurant owners to represent their cultural identity in an already existing cultural landscape.

LILLY’S PANDERIA: Panderia Lilly’s is another bakery serving the Latino immigrant communities as well as the local residents of St. Louis. This bakery, unlike Diana’s, only carries sweet bread and other bakery products. The exterior colors of the building are reminiscent of the colorful bakery products produced inside these walls.

DIANA’S BAKERY: While quite unassuming from the exterior, Diana’s Bakery is a Panderia serving sweet breads, desserts, and other traditional Mexican foods. Diana’s Bakery is not just a bakery, but also provides cultural support for local Mexican and Latino immigrants to carry out their traditional forms of celebrations from home.

PREMISE

CULTURAL REPRESENTATION | CHEROKEE STREET

CHEROKEE STREET MURAL:

Street art and murals provides the Mexican immigrant community an opportunity to express their cultural identity through the medium of art.

The image to the left and above depict culturally significant elements such as color, music, traditional dancing and costumes, as well as food, and how it has been integrated into the Cherokee streetscape.

EL TORITO SUPERMERCADO

MEXICO VIVE AQUI:

El Torito’s logo painted on the side of the building representing the adaptation of Mexican heritage to the existing cultural landscape of St. Louis through the image of the St. Louis Arch painted in the colors of the Mexican flag.

Mexico Vive Aqui, which translates as “Mexico lives here,” is a reminder of the physical and cultural influence the Mexican immigrant community has on Cherokee street, reinforcing the association of food and home as an anchor for belonging.

PREMISE

OLIVE BOULEVARD FOODSCAPE AND CULTURAL ELEMENTS: 1.

Pho Long

Asian Kitchen Korean Cuisine

Tang Place

East Seoul Oriental Store

Royal Chinese BBQ

Lu Lu Seafood and Dim Sum

Dao Tien

Lamâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Garden

Chong Wah

Business Type: Restaurant Ethnicity: Vietnamese

Business Type: Restaurant Ethnicity: Korean

Business Type: Restaurant Ethnicity: Chinese

4. 6.

5. 8. 3.

9. 10.

11.

12.

10.

China Town Market

13.

Olive Supermarket

16.

Mandarin House

11.

Wonton King

14.

The Mad Crab

17.

Szechuan Cuisine

12.

Private Restaurant

15.

Seafood City

18.

Wei Hong Seafood

Business Type: Restaurant Ethnicity: Vietnamese

Business Type: Restaurant Ethnicity: Korean

Business Type: Restaurant Ethnicity: Chinese

13.

14.

17. 18. 15.

16.

PREMISE

FOODSCAPES: OLIVE BOULEVARD

OLIVE SUPERMARKET

OTHER STORES IN OLIVE MARKET:

A very prominent supermarket in St. Louis County that carries a wide variety of traditional Chinese and other Asian foods.

A small tea shop within Olive supermarket that sell bubble tea and other tea drinks, provides shoppers an opportunity to drink traditional tea drinks, as well as the local immigrant community a place to gather and socialize with others.

PHO LONG:

DAO TIEN

A Vietnamese restaurant specializing in a traditional Vietnamese dish â&#x20AC;&#x153;Pho.â&#x20AC;? Pho Long is Located adjacent to other stores that carry cultural goods and services, that allow immigrant communities to continue their cultural practices.

A Vietnamese restaurant/bistro selling a variety of traditional Vietnamese dishes and food.

PREMISE

CULTURAL REPRESENTATION : OLIVE BOULEVARD

MANDARIN HOUSE: The restaurants facade is embellished with traditional Chinese cultural elements, such as the use of Chinese characters and statures, as a means of physically expressing and asserting their cultural identity on Olive Boulevard.

LuLu Seafood and Dim Sum: Similar to the Mandarin House restaurant, Lulu Seafood and Dim Sum restaurant uses the buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s architecture to express the restaurants and immigrantâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s cultural identity within Olive Boulevard.

Seafood City Market: While not specifically representative of one specific culture, the Seafood City Market is an important cultural business for immigrant communities, providing fresh seafood that is common in many Asian cuisines.

OTHER BUSINESS + SERVICES: Throughout and integrated into the Olive Boulevard Foodscape there are a handful of other business and services, such as insurance and financial companies (pictured above), that provide services to the immigrant communities in their native languages as a means of assisting in the integration of the existing cultural, economic, and political landscapes of St. Louis.

PREMISE

PROGRAM As St. Louis positions itself as a city that has both historically and is currently accepting immigrants from around the world, the question of how architecture can engage diaspora is ever more prevalent. As food is often times the easiest way for immigrant populations to recreate their collective memory of home in their new adoptive city, introducing immigrants into the existing immigrant foodscapes is one way that architecture can assist in providing a place where immigrants can begin to establish their new cultural identities within the existing cultural and social landscapes of St. Louis. How can architecture engage diaspora and begin to serve immigrants in more than one way?

A RECIPE FOR ENGAGING DIASPORA THROUGH FOOD • Ethnic Restaurants:

Creating economic opportunities for immigrants who often have strong entrepreneurial skill sets; Making culturally significant spaces for other immigrants and ethnic enclaves; Establishing a first point of introduction of cultural exchange between immigrant communities and residents of host locale.

• Super Market (international food products)

Providing immigrants and locals alike the opportunity to buy the ingredients necessary to cook ethnic foods and cuisines at home (Carrying on cultural traditions through food).

• Cooking Space:

Giving the host locale communities the opportunity to experience an important part of immigrants own culture, and allowing immigrant communities to connect with existing communities. This further creates a space for sharing food practices and food culture exchange.

• Commercial Retail (cultural goods):

Assuring that immigrant communities are able to purchase goods that support their cultural practices, traditions, and uphold ones community values.

• Public Space:

Providing spaces for immigrant communities and local communities to have the opportunity to engage with one another in a free and pleasant setting.

PROGRAM

THE ROLE OF THE MARKET IN ST. LOUIS

PROGRAM

ST. LOUIS MARKET TYPOLOGIES:

CORNER STORE/ BODEGA

GROCERY STORE (MEDIUM SCALE)

GROCERY STORE (BIG BOX)

CARRIES CORNER MARKET

STRAUBS

SCHNUCKS

St. Louis has a variety of small corner stores that support residents of local neighborhoods and blocks. While they can be found throughout the city and county, higher concentrations are predominantly located in north St. Louis and South city. These corner stores typically carry small quantities of groceries, snacks, beverages and other consumer items. 44

With only 4 locations in St. Louis and St. Louis County combined, Straubs’s Fine Grocers, is a smaller scale grocery store/market with a full range of high quality groceries for its clientele. Comparable to a Whole Foods Market, Straubs’s typically serves clientele of a higher income bracket as the products sold there are generally expensive.

One of few big box grocery stores, apart from Costco and Sam’s Club, Schnucks is your typical big box grocery store, where the majority of St. Louisians purchase their food. They carry all types of food and produce, including a small international food section. Other big box grocery chains in St. Louis include: Aldi, Trader Joe’s, Wholefoods, and Dierbergs.

FARMERS MARKET

SPECIALTIES MARKET

MARKET FOOD HALL

SOULARD FARMERS MARKET

AO&CO MARKET

THE FOUNDRY

In operation since 1779, Soulard Farmers Market is the largest farmers market in St. Louis, and by far the oldest. The market sells fresh produce, meats, eggs, and prepared food items, along with craft and other goods. The food sold within the market are both locally grown or sourced, as well as shipped in goods.

AO&CO Market, is a new specialty market that carries a variety of high quality artisan foods and beverages, ranging from cheeses, meats, wine, coffee, tea, gifts, among other things. St. Louis has a handful of other specialty markets similar to AO&CO that cater to high end products, serving a middle to upper class clientele base.

The Foundry, opening in 2020, is a new market food hall that is currently under construction, and will be the first market food hall in St. Louis. Located in the historic Century Electric Manufacturing facility, the Foundry Market will boast a combination of retail shopping, office space, food hall and market spaces, as well as theaters and event spaces.

PROGRAM

MAIN PROGRAMMATIC ELEMEN

MARKET FOOD HALLS | INITIAL PROGRAMMATIC EXPLORATION

GRAND CENTRAL MARKET - LOS ANGELES: OPENED 1917`

NTS:

TYPES:

FURTHER POSSIBILITIES:

PROGRAM

URBAN CONTEXT,

IMMIGRANT COM

+ PROGRA

GOALS:

-ESTABLISH STRONGER COMMUNITY CONNECTIONS AND RELATIONSHIPS -EMBED PROGRAM INTO THE PUBLIC REALM -DEVELOP AND INTEGRATE A SHARED KITCHEN / INCUBATOR TYPOLOGY TO BETTER SERVE THE IMMIGRANT COMMUNITIES HERE IN ST. LOUIS -IDENTIFY AND ESTABLISH A SITE WHERE A SHARED KITCHEN / INCUBATOR MODEL CAN THRIVE WHEN INTEGRATED INTO THE PUBLIC REALM.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;FOREIGN BORN

RESIDENTS OF ST. LOUIS ARE

60%

-ST. LOUIS MOSAIC PROJECT: htt

MMUNITIES,

AMMATIC RELATIONSHIPS

MORE LIKELY THAN NATIVE BORN RESIDENTS TO START A BUSINESS.”

tps://www.stlmosaicproject.org/

PROGRAM

EXISTING URBAN CONDITIONS | OLIVE BLVD.

When looking at the spatial relationships of the market food hall along Olive Boulevard, the urban context in which it would be placed has a big effect on how the program could be configured spatially. The urban typology along Olive Boulevard is defined by the car, in terms of both the urban infrastructure and building typologies. The existing building landscape is characterized by a multitude of strip malls with oversized parking lots, between the building and

the road that engage the car-oriented thoroughfare. At the same time the strip turns its back to the residential neighborhoods that surround it, and keeping the area extremely unfriendly towards pedestrians. How might a new typology of a food hall market begin to break free from the strip mall typology and engage the public realm at a larger scale? By placing the key programmatic elements along all sides of the building, the market

will have the potential to engage a larger portion of the public realm, including the residential neighborhoods at the backside of Olive Blvd. Additionally, Olive Boulevardâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s landscape of strip mall typology and vast parking lots would provide more space for the market to either take on a larger footprint located in one central building, or have the market spread out over several buildings in an urban villa typology.

EXISTING URBAN CONDITIONS | SOUTH CITY Again, the urban context in which the proposed building program will be sited is extremely important in determining the spatial relationships between programmatic elements within the building. Unlike Olive Boulevard, South City St. Louis is more densely populated with buildings and people, potentially leading to a more compact building footprint. Typically, commercial or retail buildings have a closer relationship with the street

that achieved through a smaller building setback providing a stronger connection for the interface between pedestrians and the architecture. Similar to Olive Boulevard, maintaining a direct connection to the public realm is extremely important in creating a space that is accessible to and for everyone. The main programmatic elements such as cultural commerce, ethnic restaurants, and demonstration kitchens facing the street would

all be placed along the exteriors of the building, which encompasses a multipurpose/flex space, while also allowing the hours to extend past the market halls main operational hours. Similarly, the exterior of the main market hall will play an important role in engaging the public space through outdoor vendor stalls and restaurants.

PROGRAM

PROGRAM|

+ THE URBAN CONTEXT IN POTENTIAL MARKET HALL SPATIAL RELATIONSHIP: OLIVE BLVD.

WHICH IT RESIDES: POTENTIAL MARKET HALL SPATIAL RELATIONSHIP: SOUTH CITY

PROGRAM

SHARED KITCHENS | PROVIDING

Image Source: “Forage-Sketch-v3.Jpg (1500×698).”

A shared kitchen can be described as co-working space keep for food businesses. These spaces offer access to food infrastructure such as cooking facilities, kitchens, and storage, eliminating the need to invest in high cost start-up equipment that new immigrants might not have the means to invest in. Currently the two types of shared kitchens that are popular across the United States and the globe are: Incubator and Commissary kitchens. Commissary Kitchens typically only offer rentable cooking facilities, equipment, and storage. In contrast, Incubator kitchens offer rentable cooking facilities, equipment, and storage while also providing business support and connections for job growth, allowing entrepreneurs to graduate to their own kitchen/ restaurant facilities.

SHARED KITCHEN MODELS:

ENTREPRENEURIAL RESOURCES FOR IMMIGRANTS.

SHARED KITCHEN

KITCHEN INCUBATOR

PROGRAM

KITCHEN INCUBATOR + EXISTING CATALYST

ST. LOUIS MOSAIC PROJECT 5656

ORGANIZATIONS:

INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE PROGRAM

PREPARED FOOD VENDOR KITCHEN SIZES: LARGE:

MEDIUM:

SMALL:

PROGRAM

CREATING A

GRANUL ARIT Y

OF VENDING SPACES

TEMPORARY VENDOR STALL SIZES: SIZE AND DIMENSIONS

% OF STALLS

20% 50% 30% 60

WHAT CAN FIT • 5 LF of table space • 15 SF of standing / storage space

• 20 LF of table space • 30 SF of standing / storage space

• 40 LF of table space • 60 SF of standing / storage space

PERMANENT VENDOR STALL SIZES: SIZE AND DIMENSIONS

% OF STALLS

5% 15% 30%

WHAT CAN FIT

• 5 LF of counter space • 15 SF of standing / storage space

• 5 LF of counter space (configurable up to 16 LF) • 30 SF of standing / storage space (can be reduced to 18 SF if counter space is maximized)

• 20 LF of counter space (configurable up to 26 LF) • 60 SF of standing / storage space (can be reduced to 48 SF if counter space is maximized)

40%

• 30 LF of counter space (configurable up to 36 LF) • 90 SF of standing / storage space (can be reduced to 78 SF if counter space is maximized)

10%

• 40 LF of counter space (configurable up to 46 LF) • 120 SF of standing / storage space (can be reduced to 108 SF if counter space is maximized)

PROGRAM

INTERIOR PROGRAMMATIC ELEMENTS:

EXTERIOR PROGRAMMATIC ELEMENTS:

25%

OF TOTAL PROGRAMMABLE SQUARE FOOTAGE PROGRAM

PROGRAMMATIC SIZE COMPARISONS

PROGRAM

PROGRAM ADJACENCY

The diagram to the left depicts the spatial relationships of the buildings program. The green figures represent the program of kitchen incubator, while the figures in black represent the program of the market food hall. The areas with dashed lines represent physical overlaps or seams in the programs adjacency, where spatial relationships are most important. Furthermore, the placement of the kitchen incubator program centralized around the market food hall program reinforces the program to interact with the most amount of users, while being supported by the market food hall program elements.

PROGRAM

CASE STUDY | MIDTOWN GLOBAL MARKET MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA | 2006

FOOD VENDORS COMMERCIAL VENDORS SERVICES / ADMIN. SEATING AREA

FLOOR PLAN + ORGANIZATION Midtown Global Market, located on Lake Street, a predominantly Latino area in Minneapolis, Minnesota, is an international food hall boasting a variety of ethnic consumer foods and goods for visitors to either take home, or sit down and enjoy in the market. The general organizational layout of the space is divided into two halves. One half is comprised of food stalls, and the other half with commerce stalls where vendors sell cultural goods. In addition to food and commercial products, the market also accommodates space for cultural events, such as music and other performances, as well as a local microbrewery. The market building itself was formerly the areas Sears distribution center, and transformed into the Midtown Global Market back in 2006.

PROGRAM

PLACE When deciding on a location for the suggested program of a market food hall the location within the city of St. Louis will greatly influence the buildings success in terms of providing a space that will help immigrants reconcile their diaspora in their new adopted city. This chapter explores the possible locations for siting the proposed market food hall in St. Louis.

OLIVE BOULEVARD URBAN ANALYSIS: SITE OPTION “A”: • EXISTING CONDITION: LARGE OPEN PARKING LOT • EXISTING SEAFOOD MARKET ON PARCEL • LACK OF INTEGRATION WITH RESIDENTIAL NEIGHBORHOOD • FRONTAGE ON OLIVE BLVD • NO SIDE OR BACK ACCESS • ADJACENT TO RIVER DE PERES • LIMITED PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION (1 BUS LINE) SITE OPTION “B”: • EXISTING CONDITION: VACANT LOT • LACK OF INTEGRATION WITH RESIDENTIAL NEIGHBORHOOD. ABUTS BACKYARD OF RESIDENTIAL HOUSES • FRONTAGE ON OLIVE BLVD • NO EXISTING BACK OR SIDE ACCESS • LIMITED PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION (1 BUS LINE)

SITE OPTION “C”: • EXISTING CONDITION: VACANT PARCELS • EXISTING SEAFOOD MARKET ON PARCEL • OPPORTUNITY TO INTEGRATE WITH RESIDENTIAL NEIGHBORHOOD • FRONTAGE ON OLIVE BLVD AND RESIDENTIAL STREET • RIVER DE PERES CUTS THROUGH SITE • LIMITED PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION (1 BUS LINE) 72

• Existing Olive Boulevard food- • Average to above average existscape and immigrant communiing immigrant population. ty resources. • Car oriented: oversized parking lots, primarily accessible by car, and inefficient means of public transportation. • Minimal integration between existing Land Use. • Medium to low population density.

PLACE

GRAVOIS

ARSENAL

CHEROKEE

STAFFORD

N-S METROLINK EXPANSION

GOODFELLOW UNION KINGS HIGHWAY NEWSTEAD FAIR GRAND PARNELL ST. LOUIS

BIDDLE DELMAR WASHINGTON EAST, WASHINGTON WEST, OLIVE EAST, OLIVE WEST CLARK EAST, CLARK WEST MM TZ

SOUTH CITY URBAN ANALYSIS: • Proposed N-S Metrolink line providing residents of South City with access to means of other economically developed areas of St. Louis. • Existing bus transportation infrastructure. • Integration of residential and commercial land use. • Access to existing immigrant foodscape infrastructure of South Grand Boulevard and Cherokee Street. • Among the highest population density in the city of St. Louis. • High existing immigrant population within South City. • Proximity to established International Institute and it’s community resources. • Proximity to other public amenities such as Tower Grove park, Botanical Gardens, etc.

PARK

TRUMAN

RUSSELL

GRAVOIS ARSENAL CHEROKEE KEOKUK BROADWAY

BATES LOUGHBOROUGH

BAYLESS

PLACE

SOUTH CITY URBAN CONTEXT:

PLACE

GROUNDING DIASPORA IN SOUTH CITY | SITE OPTIONS

SITE OPTION 1: NEBRASKA AVE + ARSENAL ST.

SITE OPTION 2: SOUTH GRAND + MCKE

• Size: 77,000 SF • Access: Front and side access to site • Public Transportation: Existing Metrobus routes on Gravois Avenue, and within 1/4 mile walking distance of proposed Metrolink N-S line. • Other Amenities: located within walking distance of the International Institute, South Grand foodscape, and Tower Grove Park

• • • •

Size: 41,500 SF Access: Front and side access to site Public Transportation: Metrobus Ro Other Amenities: St. Louis Public Li clinic, close proximity to Cherokee S Foodscape

EAN

outes ibrary, Planned Parenthood medical Street Foodscape and Grand Avenue

SITE OPTION 3: CHEROKEE STREET • Size: 75,000 SF • Access: Front and side access to site • Public Transportation: Existing Metrobus Lines and multiple bus stops. 1/4 mile walking distance to proposed Metrolink N-S line. • Other Amenities: Located within existing Cherokee Street Foodscape. High population density, and high immigrant population density.

PLACE

SELECTED SITE | SOUTH CITY SITE OPTION 3

CHEROKEE STREET • • • •

Size: 75,000 SF Number of Parcels: 11 Access: Front and side access to site Public Transportation: Existing Metrobus Lines and multiple bus stops, within 1/4 mile walking distance to proposed Metrolink N-S line. • Other Amenities: Located within existing Cherokee Street Foodscape. High population density, and high immigrant population density.

PLACE

OPTION 3 SITE PHOTOS | PARCEL GROUP A

PLACE

OPTION 3 SITE PHOTOS | PARCEL GROUP B

PLACE

OPTION 3 SITE PHOTOS | PARCEL GROUP C

PLACE

OPTION 3 SITE PHOTOS | PARCEL GROUP D

PLACE

OPTION 3 SITE PHOTOS | PARCEL GROUP E

PLACE

OPTION 3 SITE PHOTOS | PARCEL GROUP F

PLACE

ADDITIONAL SITE PHOTOS:

PLACE

ADDITIONAL SITE PHOTOS:

PLACE

SITE ANALYSIS / ZONING REQUIREMENTS:

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• FAR: 1.5

• 3 STORIES OR 50 FT MAXIMUM HEIGHT

• LAND USE:

• G- GENERAL COMMERCIAL / OFFICE

• SETBACK REQUIREMENTS:

• SIDE: 5’ -0” • FRONT: No front setback requirement, unless building abuts next to a residential dwelling unit. In that case building must match any adjacent dwelling unit front setback PLACE

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POSSIBILITIES This chapter explores the potential forms and program relationships as it relates to the given site, located just behind buildings along Cherokee Street in a series of non-contiguous parcels.

POSSIBILITIES

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POTENTIAL SITE SYNERGIES | EXISTING PROGRAM A

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A. DIANA’S BAKERY

While quite unassuming from the exterior, Diana’s Bakery is a Panderia serving sweet breads, desserts, and other traditional Mexican foods. Diana’s Bakery is not just a bakery, but also provides cultural support for local Mexican and Latino immigrants to carry out their traditional forms of celebrations from home.

B. PANDERIA LILY’S

Panderia Lilly’s is another bakery serving the Latino immigrant communities as well as the local residents of St. Louis. This bakery, unlike Diana’s, only carries sweet bread and other bakery products. The exterior colors of the building are reminiscent of the colorful bakery products produced inside these walls.

C. SUPER MERCADO EL TORITO MURAL

Street art and murals provides the Mexican immigrant community an opportunity to express their cultural identity through the medium of art.

D. SUPER MERCADO EL TORITO

A Mexican super market carrying authentic food products and other Mexican cultural products for the St. Louis Mexican immigrant population. The use of the Spanish language, and colors of the Mexican flag, allows the owners to claim space that represents their own cultural identity.

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POTENTIAL SITE SYNERGIES | AVAILABLE VACANT STOREFRONTS E

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STOREFRONT “E.”

Located on the corner of Oregon Ave and Cherokee Street, this open storefront provides a crucial connection to the proposed market food hall and incubator kitchen. The corner lot has the potential to draw in people from Cherokee street, and give it a position on the street front that acts as a primary entrance to the proposed building or series of buildings.

STOREFRONT “F.”

Located on the south side of Cherokee Street, this open storefront provides the opportunity to engage and draw people in from Cherokee street into the proposed market food hall and incubator kitchen.

STOREFRONT “G.”

Similar to storefront “F,” storefront “G” has the opportunity to engage and draw people across from the south side of Cherokee and establish it’s position on the street front.

STOREFRONT “H.”

Located on the east end of the selected parcel groups, this storefront shares similar opportunities as storefront E. Together storefront E and H act as bookends marking the beginning/ends of the proposed market food hall and kitchen incubator.

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POTENTIAL SITE SYNERGIES | PROGRAM POTENTIALS

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POSSIBILITIES

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SITE SECTIONS + SITE MASSING:

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POSSIBILITIES

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POSSIBILITIES

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BIBLIOGRAPHY A list of sources used for the research as well as sources of photographs that were not taken by me.

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“6YxoTgv.Jpg (2304×1536).” Accessed October 16, 2019. https://i.imgur.com/6YxoTgv.jpg. “16_BD3_2048x.Jpg (2047×1577).” Accessed November 5, 2019. https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0052/1856/6199/ products/16_BD3_2048x.jpg?v=1567876420. “20_FT_2048x.Jpg (2047×1239).” Accessed November 5, 2019. https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0052/1856/6199/ products/20_FT_2048x.jpg?v=1567878564. “2018.2000x1000.Jpg (2000×1000).” Accessed October 15, 2019. https://www.dutchtownstl.org/wp-content/ uploads/2018/05/2018.2000x1000.jpg. stlouis-mo.gov. “A Brief History of St. Louis.” 22. Accessed September 23, 2019. https://www.stlouis-mo.gov/visit-play/ stlouis-history.cfm. “AF81C7062.Jpg (3300×2536).” Accessed December 3, 2019. http://www.thevitalvoice.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/ aF81C7062.jpg. “Annexes.” Accessed October 28, 2019. http://www.fao.org/3/y4851e0e.htm#bm14.3. “Annexes.” Accessed November 5, 2019. http://www.fao.org/3/y4851e0e.htm#bm14.3. “Ch07.” Accessed November 5, 2019. http://www.fao.org/3/V8390E/V8390E08.htm#Chapter%205.%20The%20 design%20of%20market%20buildings%20and%20infrastructure. “Cherokee Street Cinco de Mayo Celebrates Neighborhood’s Culture | Hot List | Stltoday.Com.” Accessed December 3, 2019. https://www.stltoday.com/entertainment/arts-and-theatre/hotlist/cherokee-street-cinco-de-mayo-celebratesneighborhood-s-culture/article_ed1e9db4-51f0-50bd-87fa-4e96586976c8.html. “Cwe-Large.Png (566×258).” Accessed October 29, 2019. http://cdn.straubs.com/images/cwe-large.png. “Final-2_0002.Jpg (1700×1100).” Accessed October 28, 2019. http://cityfoundrystl.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/ Final-2_0002.jpg. “Forage-Sketch-v3.Jpg (1500×698).” Accessed November 6, 2019. https://images.squarespace-cdn. com/content/v1/57310968859fd044a66425dc/1499296033930-AZ2W6MT0AR5QU8NAK9MG/ ke17ZwdGBToddI8pDm48kJ-f_IeCgmD3N84cX9OTWoMUqsxRUqqbr1mOJYKfIPR7LoDQ9mXPOjoJoqy81S2I8N_ N4V1vUb5AoIIIbLZhVYy7Mythp_T-mtop-vrsUOmeInPi9iDjx9w8K4ZfjXt2dpZsgGaFNeULaZbcKq4a5b0XEqJK_ Jhw-8ZcgGnUhGsaG6v6ULRah83RgHXAWD5lbQ/forage-sketch-v3.jpg?format=1500w. Hirsch, Alison B., and Aroussiak Gabrielian. “Grounding Diaspora: Negotiating Between Home and Host.” Journal of Architectural Education 70, no. 1 (January 2, 2016): 116–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/10464883.2016.1122468. Yelp. “Jay International Food Co - Tower Grove East - Saint Louis, MO.” Accessed October 8, 2019. https://www.yelp. com/biz/jay-international-food-co-saint-louis. Midtown Global Market. “Merchants.” Accessed October 16, 2019. https://midtownglobalmarket.org/merchants. stlouis-mo.gov. “Part I: Peopling St. Louis.” 22. Accessed September 23, 2019. https://www.stlouis-mo.gov/government/ departments/planning/cultural-resources/preservation-plan/Part-I-Peopling-St-Louis.cfm. “Schnucks.Jpg (720×405).” Accessed October 29, 2019. https://a57.foxnews.com/static.foxbusiness.com/foxbusiness. com/content/uploads/2019/10/720/405/Schnucks.jpg?ve=1&tl=1. “Shared Kitchen Toolkit: A Practical Guide to Planning, Launching, and Managing a Shared-Use Commercial Kitchen -

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Google Drive.” Accessed October 28, 2019. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AxPanVpXpElcJUVQjpkBAfjk4yFo-fEw/ view. “St. Louis Mosaic Project | Immigrant Entrepreneurs.” Accessed December 2, 2019. https://www.stlmosaicproject.org/ entrepreneurs.html. Suen, Mabel. “5d010db67d644.Image.Jpg (750×563).” Accessed October 29, 2019. https://bloximages.newyork1. vip.townnews.com/feastmagazine.com/content/tncms/assets/v3/editorial/5/66/566e8c26-8d1f-11e9-8153a770b50a4cd2/5d010db67d644.image.jpg. “Table 26. Missouri - Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Large Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990,” n.d., 2. THE VIEW FROM FEZ. “THE VIEW FROM FEZ: Ancient Knowledge, and the Art of Islamic Cuisine,” June 6, 2018. http://riadzany.blogspot.com/2018/06/ancient-knowledge-and-art-of-islamic_6.html. migrationpolicy.org. “Top Immigrant Populations by U.S. State,” February 26, 2015. https://www.migrationpolicy.org/ programs/data-hub/charts/top-immigrant-populations-us-state. “Union Approves Schnucks Contract with Bridgeton Workers - St. Louis Business Journal.” Accessed October 29, 2019. https://www.bizjournals.com/stlouis/news/2017/03/20/union-approves-schnucks-contract-with-bridgeton.html. migrationpolicy.org. “U.S. Immigrant Population by State and County,” February 4, 2014. https://www.migrationpolicy.org/programs/data-hub/ charts/us-immigrant-population-state-and-county. “Visit the Historic Soulard Farmers Market in St. Louis.” Accessed October 28, 2019. https://www.tripsavvy.com/ shopping-at-soulard-farmers-market-3137362.

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ADDITIONAL PROGRAM CALCULATIONS:

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St. Louis Regional Immigrant and Refugee Resource Ecosystem Viva Brasil Association in St. Louis

English Tutoring Project Nahed Chapman New American Academy

Early Childhood & K-12 English Language Learners

Diversity Awareness Partnership St. Louis Language Immersion Schools (SLLIS) St. Louis Chinese Language School Alliance Française de St. Louis

Ritenour International Welcome Center

Bulgarian School in Saint Louis Foreign Language and Culture

Hispanic Arts Council St. Louis Modern Chinese School

Habitat for Humanity St. Louis

Citizens for Modern Transit

Metropolitan St. Louis Equal Housing and Opportunity Council (EHOC)

German School Association of Greater St. Louis

Housing

RideFinders Metro Transit St. Louis

Festival of Nations St. Louis Japanese Language School

American Red Cross International Services Interfaith Partnership of Greater Missouri Immigrant and Refugee St. Louis Advocates (MIRA) Council on American-Islam Jews United for Justice – St. Relations (CAIR), Missouri Refugee Center Online Louis Hispanic Leaders Group of Vitendo 4 Africa OCA - Asian Pacific American Greater St. Louis Advocates St. Francis Community Services African Diaspora Council Southside Center Advocacy Missouri Seal of Biliteracy

Al-Salam Day School

St. Louis Public Library

Education

Hispanic Educational, Cultural & Scholarship Fund Educational Opportunity Centers - Metro Area

St. Louis Inter-faith Committee on Latin America (IFCLA)

Scholarship Foundation of St. Louis

Adult Education & Literacy (AEL) – St. Louis Public Schools Adult Education & Literacy (AEL) – St. Louis Community College Oasis International (Kirkwood) Table Wisdom Adult Education & Literacy (AEL) Christian Friends of New - Parkway-Rockwood Area Americans (CFNA)

Doors To Success MERS/Goodwill Building Union Diversity

Nurses for Newborns Missouri Bilingual International Gateway Region YMCA Assistance Services Crisis Nursery Youth in Need

Epworth Children and Family Services

Places for People Mental Health and Counseling

Multicultural Counseling and Research Center (MCRC)

St. Louis Center for Family Development

Casa de Salud Mental Health Collaborative

La Ke Buena Radio St. Louis Chinese American News

El Hispano

Il Pensiero Newspaper St. Louis Transplants U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), St. Louis Anti-Defamation League, St. Louis Office St. Francis Catholic Legal Assistance Ministry

St. Louis Black Leadership Roundtable

Legal Services of Eastern Missouri

Legal Services

Civil Rights Enforcement Agency (CREA) - St. Louis

Health Protection & Education Services (HPES)

The Migrant and Immigrant Community Action (MICA) Project

AILA's Immigration Lawyer Search

St. Louis Business Diversity Initiative

SCORE St. Louis St. Louis Effort for Aids

Community Health-In-Partnership Services (CHIPS) Health and Wellness Center Safe Connections

Red Latina

Refugee Health and Interpreter Services of Barnes-Jewish Hospital Kingdom House

Casa de Salud

WEW 770 AM St. Louis Bosnians

International Media

MIM TV - IPTV Station

Jewish Federation of St. Louis

Language Access Metro Project (LAMP)

Health

HEC-TV

Islamic Foundation of Greater St. Louis

International Institute Business Solutions Center

Interpretation Services

Midwest Viet Bao St. Louis Chinese Journal

Gateway Welcome Project International Institute of St. Louis

Immigrant Service Providers Network (ISPN)

Adult ESOL

Jewish Family & Children's Service

Diario Digital Welcome Neighbor STL

American Jewish Committee, St. Louis Chapter Saint Louis International Spouses Meetup Japanese American Citizens League (JACL) St. Louis Chapter

Adult Education & Literacy (AEL) Urban League of Metropolitan - Jefferson College St. Louis Immigrant & Refugee Women's Adult Education & Literacy (AEL) Program (IRWP) - Ritenour Adult Education & Literacy (AEL) International Institute Education - University City Community Action Agency of St. Programs Adult Education & Literacy (AEL) Louis County (CAASTLC) Gateway Region YMCA - St. Charles Community Volunteers in Medicine Clinic College Community Literacy

Job Training

St. Louis Consular Corps Macklind International Senior Center

Welcoming Services

Latinos En Axion

NCCJ St. Louis

Prosperity Connection

St. Louis Mosaic Project

Business Development

World Trade Center St. Louis

APPNA Health Clinic

Affinia Healthcare St. Louis Children’s Hospital Healthy Kids Express Program Family Care Health Centers Forest Park Southeast Location

St. Louis Regional Chamber

STL Youth Jobs

International Institute CDC Justine PETERSEN

Bosnian Chamber of Commerce St. Louis Sister Cities Program Bosnian American Professional Network

Rise Together Ministries Hispanic Bar Association of St. Louis SLATE

Transportation

OATS Transportation

St. Louis County Library

St. Louis Public Schools, ESOL/Bilingual/Migrant Program

St. Louis Job Corps

Caring Ministries, Inc.

Beyond Housing

Russian American School

Workforce Development

International Institute Workforce Solutions Program

Hispanic Chamber of Commerce of Metropolitan St. Louis

International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce

Accelerate St. Louis

World Affairs Council of St. Louis Family and Workforce Centers of America

The BALSA Foundation

Entrepreneur Resources

ITEN

St. Louis Minority Business Council (SLMBC)

Asian American Chamber of Commerce Missouri Partnership

Better Family Life, Inc.

Chambers of Commerce / Business Councils

International Trade

Missouri Asian American Bar Association

African Chamber of Commerce South Asian Bar Association of Metropolitan St. Louis

Blue represents organizations welcoming to new Americans Green represents organizational focus on serving new Americans Updated June 2018

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