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HHOr.LI,a CHH)f(aeT pOllb ee TBopu,a H X03HHHa - COBeTCKOfO 4e110BeKa, He Bcer.LI,a HaXO)J,HT HpKHe xy.LI,O)f(eCTBeHHbte o6pa3bl )J,JTH pacKpbITHH co.LI,ep)f(aHHH CBOero npOH3Be.LI,eHHH. oJTaropO.LI,HYIO TeMy BOCnHTaHHH JTI06BH K CBOeMy KpalO pa3pa6aTb1BaeT H C. Wttpo6oKOB B paccKa3e «Ca3aH». Ou OTKpbrnaeT CBOHM 4HTaTeJTHM Kpacory pO.LI,HOH npHpO.LI,bl, ee 6oraTCTBa, HanpaBJTHeT HX HHTepecbI, HX mo603HaTeJTbHOCTb. Ba)f(HbIM ,ll,OCTOHHCTBOM npoH3Be.LI,eHHH cJTe.LI,yeT C4HTaTb oTcyTCTBHe B HeM Ha30HJ1HBOH Ha3H.LI,aTeJTbHOCTH, 3TaKoro CHHCXO)J,HTeJTbHO-
60
1o 0T11owe111151 K .Ll.CT51M.
C.
WHpo6oKOB HanHcari Bece11b1H, 3aH11Ma-
reJJbHblH paCCKa3, B KOTOpOM IOHbie 4HTaTeJlH Bl1,ll,HT ce6H 11 CBOl1X cBepCTHHKOB. BonpOCbl
BOCnHTaHl1H ,ll,eTeH
MJla,ll,wero
CTaBHT B CBOl1X paccKa3aX B. raspl1110B.
K
WKOJlbHOro
B03pacTa
3TOH TeMe OH o6paTl1JlCH
y)f(e B nepBOM npOH3Be,ll,ettl1l1 «JJ:oporne pe6HTa», 113,ll,aHHOM B ro,ll,y.
B.
1950
raspl1110B 11,ll,eT no nyT11 tta116011bwero conpOTl1BJlettl1H. Ott He
JlaKHpyeT co6bIT11H, He ,ll,eJ111T CBOl1X repoeB MexaHH4eCKl1 Ha n11ox11x 11 xopOWHX MaJ1b4l1KOB l1 ,ll,eB04eK. lOHbie repoH ero paccKa30B 0611a,ll,aIOT JlOBOJlbHO CJ10)KHblMl1 xapaKTepaMl1.
B.
raspHJlOB n11WeT 0 «Tpy,ll,HbIX»
IUKOJlbHHKaX. repOH paCCKa.3a «):t:oporne pe6HTa» MHWa 11 OKHO pa36HJ1, H B 4Y)l(OH oropo,ll, 3a6paricH. Ho OTBe4aTb 3a CBOl1 nocTynKl1 y uero He XBaTl1J10 My)KeCTBa: OH 6e)Kl1T H3 ,ll,OMa. ABTOp He 6011TCH OCTaBHTb CBOero repoH ttae,ll,l1He c )Kl13Hbl0, BblpBaTb ero 113 np11Bbl4HOH ceMeHHOH o6cTaHOBKl1. I1 nocTynaeT npas1111bHO. CaMa )Kl13Hb noMoraeT MHwe noHHTb cso11 oum6K11. TeMa .ll.p~6b1 nerna B ocHo8y paccKa3a «):t:Ba ,ll,pyra». 0,ll,11H 113 ero repoeB, H11K11Ta I1BaH08, Y4l1TCH Hepo8HO, ,ll,a)Ke n11oxo; OH cn11wKOM Y8JleKaeTC51 pbt6HOH J108JleH, H Ha no,ll,rOT08KY K ypoKaM y Hero He ocTaeTCH 8peMeH11. IToBe,ll,eHHe H11Kl1TbI BbI3bIBaeT 3ac11y)KeHHOe 803Myw,eH11e T08ap11w,eii. 0,ll,HH l13 Hl1X, To11H, cornawaeTCH noM04b eMy. H11K11Ta He OTKa.3bIBaeTcH OT noMow,H, HO l1 He npoHBJIHeT rop51'lero )l(e11aH11H l1cnpa8l1TbCH. To11H, pyKoBO.ll.l1MbIH JIY4Wl1Ml1 HaCTPOe1IHHMH, oTnpa8JIHeTCH Ha 6eper npy,ll,a K HHKl1Te, 4T06bI, nopb16a4l1B BMeCTe, np11HHTbCH 3a nO,ll,fOTOBKY K ypoKaM. 0,ll,HaKO «yt-mTeJlb)) OKa3bIBaeTCH TaKl1M HeonbITHblM l1 6e3opy)KHblM 8 pbI60J108CTBe, 4TO 803JI,eHCTB08aTh Ha H11K11Ty eMy He y,ll,aeTcH; Hao6opoT, OH Tepn11T no11Hoe 11opa)KeH11e. H11K11Ta c C03HaH11eM c8oero npe80CXO,ll,CT8a, He 6e3 113-
;~eBKl1 noy4aeT Tomo HCKyccTBy pb16HoH 11081111. 0,ll,HaKo Tomi He C,ll,aJICH l1 Ha CJle,ll,YJOIUl1H ,ll,eHb np0518l1Jl TBep,ll,OCTb: OH He ll0380Jll1Jl C80eMy .ll.pyry cn11caTh peweH11e 3a,ll,a411. 3a8H3a11acb MaJih411wecKaH ,ll,paKa.
8.
ra8pl1JI08 He ynpomaeT npouecc nepe80Clll1TaHJ-UI pe6eHKa,
xorn l1 He pacKphrnaeT ero noJIHOCThIO l1 BcecTopoHHe.
B
paMKax pac-
CKa.3a eMy y,ll,aeTCH llOKa.3aTb CTOJ1KH08eHHe ,ll,8yx Ma11h411WeCKl1X xapaKTepoB. Tomi npoMOJ14aJI o ,ll,paKe, 3aTeHHHOH H11Kl1TOH, l1 TeM caMbIM COBepw1111 CBOero po,ll,a 611aropO,ll,HblH nocrynoK. H11Kl1Ta )Ke l1 11pHCTbJ)KeH 3Tl1M, 11 8 TO )Ke 8peM51 no4y8cTB08aJI npesocxo,ll,CT80 To-
61
Bno1rne 4HTaeMbIM "JlbI)J,JbIMOtt" HBmieTeH KOJrneKTHBHblH e6opHHK "WKOJiae" (''B WKOJiy"), B HeM o6be)J,HHeHbl weeTb paceKa3013 nHTH aBTOpOB. ITPOH3BELIEHWI, OECY)KlIEHHbIE HA CEMHHAPE. HA YLIMYPTCKOM 513blKE
1.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.
22.
r. KpaeHJibHHKOB r. KpacHJibHHKOB -
"Tott3H KblJUfebKO" (noseeTb). "Bepoebec" (e6opHHK). A. oeJTOHOroBa - "qeeKblT Wbl)l," (e6opHHK eTHXOB). A. Kna6yKoB - «MbrnaM 3Wbeebrn (e6opttHK eTHXOB). K. Kna6yKoB - "Arne" (eTHXH). <I>. BaeHJibeB - "MH BaHbMbI TbipwttebKOMbI" (eTHXH). C. CaMeottoB - "OeKHebKo TbIHbI)l," (noseeTb). C. Illwpo6oKoB - "Ca3att" (paeeKa3). C. Illwpo6oKoB - "3apHH ett3bbIJ1" (eTHXH). r. Xo)J,bipeB - "Kb13bbl MOH 6y)l.tt" (eTHXH). r. Xo)J,bipeB - "A16apbIH" (eTHXH). r. Xo)J,bipeB - "MH HO TOJ133e" (eTHXH). A. Bon1KOB - "BHTb KY3H: MH" (eTHXH). A. BornKOB - "Hww" (no3Ma). A. Komoxosa- "Tott 3H KbIWKa, nwe! "(eTwxw). r. ITepeBOW.HKOB- "To)J,bbl fblpJTbI" (paeeKa3). B. CKo6enes - "f111411 MYWKaebee" (paeeKa3bI). B. CKo6enes - "YwbHebKHeb Ott)l,tt" (paeeKa3bI). r. CwMaKOB - "Bo)I( 1apttH" (paeCKa3bl). ,n,. JIWHH - "qblpTbl Beeb" (eTHXH). E. HHKOJiaeB - "ITH4H KOeMOH3BTbee" (C6optt. CTHXOB ). KonneKTHB aBT. - "WKonae" (paeeKa3bI). ITPOH3BELIEHH51, OECY)KlIEHHblE HA CEMHHAPE. HA PYCCKOM 513blKE.
1.
2. 3.
r. KpaeHJibHHKOB -
"OernlOeb e rn6oi1" (noseeTb). A. Kna6yKoB - "Haww )J.py3bH:" (e6optt. eTwxos). A. Kna6yKoB - "ITeTywoK" (eTHXH).
100
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.
A. KJJa6yKoB - "W,eTKa" (crnx11). C. CaMcoHoB - "nocM0Tp11 B rna3a" (paccKa3bI). C. lll11po60KoB - "Ca3aH" (paccKa3). r. Xo.IJ.bipeB - "KaK SI poc" (crnx11). r. XO.IJ.blpeB "Haw .LI.Bop" (cnvrn). 3. 6axapoBcKaS1 - "Ka6nyY:oK" (crn:x11). 3. 6axapOBCKaSI - "npo rpHWYTKy'' (paCCKa3). r. C11MaKOB - "Jlec noeT" (pacCKa3bI). r. CHMaKOB - 'Tony611" (pacCKa3bI). JI. AHHCHMOB - "Y KOro SI yqycb" (CTHXH). 14. 0. CTocKpe6bJWeB - ")l{HBbie <t>oHapHKH" (CTHXH). 15. KonJJeKTHB aBTOpoB - "Ha neperoHKH" (c6opH. paccKa30B).
f_(I'A YP, </J. P-229, on. 2,
o.
775, 11. 1-16.
AH. CTHcapee JiOJibUJe KHHr ,L(JIH ;:i:eTeii H IOHOllleCTBa!
(3aMeTKH c ceMHHapa nHCaTeJiett y .LI.MYPTHH) EcJIH 6b1 SI .LI.aBaJI npocTo penopTa:>K c ceMHHapa no .LI.eTCKOH M JOHowecKoi1 n11TepaType, opraHH30BaHHoro Col030M n11caTeJiei1: YACCP 11 H3.LI.aTeJihCTBOM «Y.IJ.MYPTMSI», TO npe.LI.nocJiaJI 6b1 eMy no.IJ.3aroJIOBKH: - CToLJeMy TaK MHoro noxo:>KMX .LI.pyr Ha .LI.pyra, KaK .LI.Be KannM BO.IJ.bl, TeM H CIO:>KeTOB CTMXOTBopeHHH H paccKa30B, a.LI.pecoBaHHbIX .LI.eTSIM? l.J:eM 06bS1CHHTb y3ocTb Tepp11Top1111, Ha KOTopoii :>KMBYT 11 pacTYT repOM Y.LI.MYPTCKMX .LI.eTCKHX KHHr - OT .IJ.BOpa .IJ.O YJIHLJ,bl? npaBa JIM KOpOBa H3 CTHXOTBOpeHHSI repMaHa XO.IJ.bipeBa, noBe.LI.eHHe KOTOpOH CTOJib O:>KHBJieHHO o6cy:>K.IJ.aJiocb Ha ceMMHape? Hy:>KHO JIM TaW.MTh B JIMTeparypy 3a ywM HeyLJeii M rpa<PoMaHOB, KaK 3TO B 3aKJIIOLJeHHe cnpoc11Jia P03a 5Iw11Ha, .LI.OKJJa.LI.LJMU.a no ocHOBHOMY Bonpocy? ,ll.JIMBWHHCSI .LI.Ba .LI.HSI - 3 M 4 anpeJISI - ceMHHap y.LI.e nO.IJ.XO.IJ.HJI K KOHu,y. 11 TYT BhICTynHJI MOJIO.IJ.OH no:n B. PoMaHoB. OH no-JOuowecKH pe3KO H 3a.IJ.OpHO 3aSIBHJI: - l.J:To y Hae 6hIJIO - CeMHHap HJIH COBellJ,aHHe? EcJIH ceMHHap, TO r.LI.e :>Ke KOHKpeTHblH pa3roaop 0 KOHKpeTHblX npOH3Be.LI.eHHSIX? Hy:>KHhI JIH HaM peLJH aoo6w.e? 11JIH, rnaBHhIM o6pa30M, no opraHH3au,110HHhIM npo6JieMaM? 101
A.
Ty6blJ10B.
Pecny6JiuKa u JJ,eTu Pecny6m1Ka 11 .ueT11! 06w11pHei1waH TeMa. PaccKa3aTb o TOM, 4TO .ueJiaJIOCb 11 .ue11aeTCH )J.JIH .ueTeH B pecny61111Ke paccKa3aTb o
3TO, no cyw,eCTBy,
BceH )f(l13Hl1 Harnett Y.uMypT1111. Be.uh Ka)l()J.bIH HOBbIH
K11pn11411K, 3aKJia)J.bIBaeMbIH ee Tpy)l(eH11KaM11 B CTpOHW,eecH 3)J.aH11e KOMMYHl13Ma, B KOHe4HOM C4eTe npe.UHa3Ha4eH He TOJibKO 11 He CTOJibKO )J.JIH CTapwero nOKOJieHl1H, CKOJibKO )J.JIH MOJIO)J.e)l(l1, )J.JIH .ueTeH, )J.JIH Tex, KTO noKa ew,e 11 He po.u1111cH. CpaBH11BaH
cero,ll,HHWH11H
.ueHb
c
.uaneK11M
nporn11b1M,
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HacToHw,eMy OC03Haernb TOT r11raHTCKl1H CKa40K, KOTOpbIH COBepw1111 Hapo.u YAMYPTl111 K 3aMeY:aTeJibHoMy, cTaBrneMy np11BbI4HbIM HaCTOH-
lb
OTCTaJioH 0Kpa11HbI, «Me)J.Be)l(bero yrna» u.apcKOH Pocc1111
y .ll.MYPTHH
npeBpaT1111acb B aBTOHOMHYIO pecny61111Ky c MOW.HOH 11H.UY-
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CTp11eH, pa3BHTbIM ce11bcK11M X03HHCTBOM 11 BbICOKOH KYJibTypoH. Ec1111 no nepen11c11
1897
ro.ua rpaMOTHOCTb Bcero Hace11eH11H Ha Tepp11Top1111
coBpeMeHHOH Y.uMypT1111 cocTaBJIHJia
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npou.eHTa, a 11Meiow,11x BbtC-
wee 06pa30BaH11e Y.ll.MYPTOB 6bIJIO TOJibKO .uecHTb 4e110BeK, TO cett<J:ac Y .ll.MYPTCKaH ACCP -
pecny61111Ka cn11owHOH rpaMOTHOCTl1, ycnewHo
3aBepw11BwaH nepexo.u K Bceo6w,eMy o6H3aTeJibHOMY cpe.uHeMy o6pa30BaH1110. ,l(o peBOJIIOU.1111 B
y .lJ.MYPTl111
He 6bIJIO BblCWl1X y4e6HblX 3aBe,ll,e-
H11H. Ceii<J:ac y Hae pa6orneT yH11Bepc11TeT, Y:eTbtpe 11HCT11Tyrn, 6011ee
20 cpe.uH11x cneu.11aJibHbIX y4e6HbIX 3aBe.ueH11H, HI111. Ky11bTypHaH peB011iou.11H, HB11BWaHCH ecTeCTBeHHbIM c11e.ucTB11eM Be1111KoH
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aKTl1BHOMY pa3Bl1Tl1IO Hau.110HaJibHblX J111TepaTyp. <t>opM11pyHcb no.u BJ111HHl1eM JIY4Wl1X Tpa.u11u.11H pyccKOH KJiaccw-1eCKOH 11 MHOfOHau.110HaJibHOH coBeTCKOH 1111TepaTypbt, cero.uHHWHHH y.uMypTcKaH 1111TepaTypa B CBOIO 04epe)J.b CTaJia )J.OCTOHH11eM Bcex 6paTCKl1X Hapo,ll,OB CTpaHbl. YY:acT11e caMoH w11poKoH o6w,ecTBeHHOCTl1 pecny61111K11 B BOcn11TaH1111 no.upacTat0w,ero noKOJieHl111 CTaJIO np11MeTOH BpeMeH11. Pa6oTa no Bocn11TaH1110 y4aw,11xcH Ha np11Mepe )f(l13Hl1 11 .ueHTeJibHOCTl1
B. H.
JleH11Ha, 6oeBblX 11 TPY.ll.OBbIX Tpa.u11u,11i1 coBeTCKoro
• Tipe.uce.uaTeJih Tipe3H.UHyMa Bepxosttoro Cosern Y.uMypTcKoli: ACCP.
134
Hapo.ua, npo<f>eee110HaJ10HaH op11eHTal..(11H WKOJlbHHKos 11 11x Tpy.uosoe 06yt1eH11e, <f>opM11posaH11e y Hl1X HaSblKOS o6w,eeTSeHHOM .ueHTeJlbHOeTl1, Kpaese.u4eeKaH pa6oTa 6orn11 601 HeMb1e1111MbI 6e3 onopoI Ha o6w,eeTseHHOeTb, 6e3 ee aKTl1SHOM no.n.n:ep)f(Kl1. Koop.u11H11pyeMaH napT11i1HbIM11 opraHaM11, 3Ta eosMeeTHaH pa6oTa HanpasneHa Ha oeyw,eeTsneH11e KOMnJleKeHoro no.uxo.ua K soen11TaHl1IO Haw11x .ueTeH, no.upoeTKOS, Ha 11X seeeTOpOHHee pa3Sl1Tl1e. 3TO s 3Ha411TeJlbHOH eTeneHl1 3as11e11T OT ye111111i1 seex, KTO TaK 111111 11Ha4e np114aeTeH K soen11TaH1110 .ueTeH. A npwrneTeH K 3TOMY no4Tl1 Ka)f(.UbIH. Ho He y Ka)f(.uoro eeTb TaK11e npaKT11YeeK11 He11e4epnaeM01e no rny611He S03.UeHeTSl1H el1Jlbl 11 S03M0)f(HOeTl1, KaK y np03al1KOS 11 no3Tos. Mo! )f(,UeM OT Haw11x 1111TepaTopos ew,e 6onowero sH11MaH11H K IOHOMY 411TaTeJIIO 11 611aro.uap11M )f(ypHan «,ll.eTeKaH 1111TepaTypa» 3a opraH113au111-0 no.u6opK11 06 y.uMypTeKOH .ueTeKOH 1111TepaType 11 11eKyeeTBe .UJIH .ueTeH:.
/.(emcKaR ;mmepamypa. - I 978. -M 8. - C. 3, P. HrnHHa· roJIOC «BlpOCJlblX» aBTOpOB
Ka)f(,UbIH np03a11K, no3T, .upaMaTypr, see pasHo, onhITHbIM 111111 Ha411Ha10w,11i1, He o6owen cso11M sH11MaH11eM .ueTeii. B
Y.UMYPTl111
113-
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lb
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nonym1.pHbIX KHl1)f(eK Ha y.uMypTeKoM H3bIKe Ha116011owee
np113HaH11e nony411Jl c6opH11K paeeKa30S • KaH.LUtAaT ¢>11Jionorw1ecKHX HayK.
135
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Y ,11,11Bneuue Mopy - uenpeMem-we KaqecTBO xopornero qenoBeKa (Pa3MbirnJieHue nucaTem1 o ,n:eTCKOH JIHTepaType) MaJibYHrnKH, MaJibYHrnKu, HY KaK He 3aBHJJ:OBaTb BaM! 3Ta MHJiaSI H OYeHb TporaTeJibHaSI neCHSI «MaJibYHrnKH» KOMno3HTOpa ApKa,n:m1 OcTpOBCKoro Ha CTHXH 11ropS1 llla¢epa B MOH cTy,n:eHYecKue ro,n:bI KaK-TO cpa3y nomo6unacb, Haurna rnupoKHH OTKJIHK B cep.n:u,ax mo.n:ei:f. 11 cei1Yac, Ha .n:ocyre, SI B03Bpama10cb K crpoKaM 3Toi1 3aMe4aTeJibHOH neCHH, BCfiOMHHaIO fOJJ:bl CBOeH pa6oTbl B Ha4aJie rnecTHJJ:eCSITblX ro,n:oB B AnHarnax. TaM, noc11e ycnernHoro OKOHYaHHSI JIHTeparypHoro HHCTHTYTa HMeHH A.
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189