H E R I TAG E L I V I NG AUTUMN 2019
Why destroy our heritage?
Jo i n u s i n Ad e l a i d e fo r t h e i n a u g u ra l
People Places Stories
30-31 MAY 2019 A D E L A I D E T OW N H A L L Bringing together brilliant ideas from around the world and some of the best heritage tourism operators from across the country, this exciting new conference will explore future directions for heritage tourism in Australia.
Full Registration $275 includes lunches, morning and afternoon teas and welcome drinks reception at Ayers House Museum on 30 May. Program includes speakers, panel discussions, workshops and tours.
Don’t miss your chance to be part of the story. Register now.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION AND TO REGISTER, VISIT
www.trybooking.com/BBQFV
AU T UM N 2 019
from the CEO DR DARREN PEACOCK
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fter celebrating 40 years of heritage protection in South Australia in 2018, this year we find ourselves defending hard won protections for heritage on a number of fronts. The slow moving train wreck of planning reforms initiated by the former Labor Government and now being implemented unchanged by the new Liberal Government presents the greatest threat to South Australia’s heritage we have ever seen. More than half of the historic places in the state that have been identified as warranting heritage protection are to be stripped of protection from demolition, exposing 12 000 of them to the risk of immediate destruction, without any planning approval required.
Contents 4
HERITAGE AT RISK
Headed for disaster Highest value suburbs at greatest risk of demolitions Lost in translation? Can we demolish your house? How do we prevent this disaster? We need your support to save our heritage
12 REFORMING PLANNING REFORMS
Despite overwhelming evidence from Australia and around the world about the economic, social, cultural and environmental benefits of heritage protection, our State Government planning bureaucrats and regrettably, the new Liberal Government, appear determined to unleash a development free for all at the expense of our cherished and irreplaceable heritage places.
14 PARKS IN PERIL
Those of you who rallied with us in the thousands when these changes were first mooted in 2016 by former Planning Minister John Rau have been ignored. But we will continue to fight to protect our heritage. I urge you to join with us again. More than ever, we need your support to prevent the mass destruction of our heritage homes, streets and neighbourhoods. Please consider the ways you can help us prevent such a disaster.
24 AUSTRALIAN HERITAGE TOURISM CONFERENCE
On a happier note, when not defending our heritage places, I encourage you to get out of and enjoy the celebration of our heritage in the Australian Heritage Festival and South Australian History Festival happening until the end of May. There are literally hundreds of events to explore and enjoy, right across the state. In this issue we include a listing of the dozens of events presented by the National Trust. I hope to see you at some of them.
Development goes off track on Kangaroo Island
16 EXPERIENCES
Ayers House Discovery
18 AUSTRALIAN HERITAGE FESTIVAL AND SOUTH AUSTRALIA’S HISTORY FESTIVAL
Heritage on the main stage The Future of Heritage Pioneer Women’s Trail Walk and Heritage Harvest Festival Fun for all ages
26 PLANNING AND HERITAGE FORUM 27 SIGNIFICANT TREES
The Leaning Cook Pines at Minda
28 SPECIAL PLACES
The Mound Springs of the Great Artesian Basin
30 UNDALYA BRIDGE
A bridge for the future
31 CONSERVATION APPEAL
St Peter's Church, Glenelg
32 MEMBERSHIP 33 BURRA BANK GIFT
New life for old bank in Burra
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HEADED FOR
DISASTER After years of shadow boxing, the push to dismantle the state’s heritage protection system is moving full steam ahead under the planning laws introduced by the former Labor Government and blindly being implemented by the new Liberal Government. A huge part of the state’s heritage is being offered up to developers through the removal of regulatory protections, including the rights of neighbours, councils and communities to object to unfettered new development. There is still time to stand up and prevent the greatest destruction of heritage in South Australia’s history, but urgent action is needed to prevent such a disaster.
BELOW
Historic character residence in Unley demolished for apartment development.
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he new state-wide Planning and Design Code now being created will replace 68 local council development plans, which have regulated development and provided for the protection of local heritage places for decades. Those local plans currently offer some form of protection for around 12 000 historical, mostly residential, places across the state that have been identified as contributing to the value and amenity of local streets and neighbourhoods (see page 6 for a list of the places by Council and page 7 for a map of where they are located within inner metropolitan Adelaide). Losing half of the state’s designated heritage places would be devastating,
We need to wake up our elected representatives to how Adelaide and South Australia can make the most of its heritage buildings and neighbourhoods, not sacrifice them to the rapacious hunger of a small but vocal group of lobbyists for ‘infill’ developments. Experience from other places is that group listings of historic buildings that form streetscapes, precincts and neighbourhoods offer significant long term public and private economic benefit. The group listings previously protected in South Australia's planning system as Contributory Items and Historic Conservation Zones are now those in the firing line under the new planning laws.
All of those 12 000 places are now at risk of immediate demolition as all protection for them is removed and a new ‘development at any cost’ approach is entrenched as the foundation of the State’s new planning system. destroying the value of adjacent properties and whole suburbs and replacing our treasured heritage streetscapes and neighbourhoods with more of the overcrowded grey box developments popping up like opportunistic tumours across the city. Planning bureaucrats in the State Government appear to believe that it is inevitable and necessary to sacrifice our heritage places to feed the development engine. We disagree. All around the world, city, state and national governments have recognised that heritage protection and active preservation are equal or greater contributors to long term employment and economic growth than the short term gains made by allowing these assets to be destroyed for the sake of new developments.
The value of heritage listing for property values is clearly borne out in inner suburban Adelaide, defined by and valued for its largely intact historic character. Areas where there is a high degree of heritage protection are strongly correlated with higher property values. In fact, as the map on page 8 shows, there is an unmistakable correlation between heritage protection and property values in inner Adelaide. This will be quickly and permanently eroded if historic Conservation Zones and the Contributory Items that typically comprise them lose the protection of heritage listing. The proposed removal of the contributory items designation exposes 12 000 properties across the state to immediate demolition, without so much as local council approval.
Recently released draft regulations for development assessment under the new Planning and Design Code offer no protection for those properties and remove the requirement for development approval to demolish any single story building. Local heritage places are exempted from that regulation, but Contributory Items and Historic Conservation Zones are not. If these regulations are allowed to proceed unchanged, the door will be open to the greatest destruction of historical character buildings ever seen in South Australia. And what will replace them? Across Adelaide and other capital cities the push for greater density has created a wave of quick and cheap construction, increasingly described as ‘over development’ where short term profits from construction are favoured over long term sustainability, amenity and economic gain. In Adelaide the worst examples of this can now be seen in the suburbs of Prospect and Campbelltown. A plague of unsustainable subdivisions into tiny allotments has allowed a proliferation of poorly built and hopelessly overcrowded 'infill' developments, with inadequate parking, a lack of trees and green space and a heavy reliance on energy intensive heating and cooling systems. If our historic character suburbs are going to be sacrificed to the developers we can expect that cramped and ugly grey box apartments will soon outnumber the original stone and brick heritage places that make our cities, suburbs and towns distinctive, liveable and a source of ongoing employment for the many small building companies and skilled tradespeople specialising in restoring and adapting such heritage places. That industry and the highly skilled employment it creates will be sacrificed for quick and cheap modern builds that provide little sustained employment after they are completed.
Is that the kind of future we want for our heritage?
Is there still time to prevent this disaster?
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No.
YES. AND YOU CAN HELP. (SEE PAGE 11)
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What are Contributory Items and Historic Conservation Zones? In 2016 the State Government passed new laws to start a complete overhaul of South Australia’s planning system. However the protection of heritage in the new system, in particular Historic Conservation Zones and the protection of valued individual buildings known as Contributory Items remains uncertain. Contributory Items have been designated for the contribution they make to the historic and architectural character of a particular area and are located primarily in Historic Conservation Zones. Along with State and Local Heritage Places, they are the building blocks of these zones. Contributory Items play a fundamental role in protecting the heritage values and unique qualities of historic areas. Whilst there are approximately 12 000 Contributory Items registered in South Australia, this figure represents just 1.8% of the total 741 748 separate and medium-density dwellings in our state (ABS 2016). Contributory Items have less protection than State or Local Heritage listed places, as they are not recognised within the State planning system. Currently, an application for partial or complete demolition is assessed against the provisions of the relevant Council’s Development Plan. Policies are directed at preserving the historic elements that contribute to the historic character of an area, and may state that they should be retained. These provisions generally discourage the demolition of such places. Complete demolition of Contributory Items is usually only considered if the structure is proven to be unsound (by a suitably qualified expert) and in a state of disrepair. Sensitive upgrading and design is generally encouraged to ensure that the heritage value of the place and its surrounds is not detrimentally affected. All that is about to change, if protections for Contributory Items are entirely stripped away under new planning regulations. Imagine losing 12 000 of the most special places in the state. What a disaster!
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Where are they? Local Government Area Name
Contributory Items
Adelaide City Council Adelaide Hills Council Alexandrina Council The Barossa Council City of Burnside Campbelltown City Council City of Charles Sturt Clare and Gilbert Valleys Council The Flinders Ranges Council Town of Gawler City of Holdfast Bay Kangaroo Island Council Kingston District Council Light Regional Council District Council of Lower Eyre Peninsula City of Marion City of Mitcham Mount Barker District Council City of Mount Gambier Rural City of Murray Bridge Naracoorte Lucindale Council City of Norwood, Payneham & St Peters City of Onkaparinga District Council of Peterborough City of Playford City of Port Adelaide Enfield Port Pirie Regional Council City of Prospect District Council of Robe Tatiara District Council City of Tea Tree Gully District Council of Tumby Bay City of Unley City of Victor Harbor Wakefield Regional Council Town of Walkerville Wattle Range Council City of West Torrens
Local Heritage Places 1469 202 200 322 303 74 142 44 26 84 211 84 50 238 55 55 222 410 131 35 76 663 374 35 72 202 63 149 50 59 56 42 347 94 135 82 101 100
Total
0 0 46 205 1 564 43 3 862 31 0 603 534 0 0 386 0 0 138 209 362 44 0 1 470 30 22 0 1 016 17 169 0 7 9 0 19 0 0 546 2 631
1 469 202 246 527 1867 117 4 004 75 26 687 745 84 50 624 55 55 360 619 493 79 76 2 133 404 57 72 1 218 80 318 50 66 65 42 366 94 135 628 103 731
Total
7 058
11 965
19 023
Don’t see your council area listed here? There are more than 30 council areas in South Australia that have no local heritage protection in place at all. That means all historic buildings are at risk of being lost, except for those very few that have State Heritage listing and protection. If your council has yet to move to protect your local heritage, now is the time for you to advocate for local heritage listings for the places that you love and want to see protected. Contact your Council and urge them to protect your local heritage.
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Contributory Items set to lose all protection from demolition Areas such as Walkerville, St Peters, Maylands, Evandale (2), Rose Park/Toorak Gardens (4) Mile End (6) and Croydon and Allenby Gardens will be particularly hard hit.
Map from SA Map Viewer
Variations in the distribution of local and contributory items reflect anomalies in the use of different designations by local councils and obstructions from the State Planning Department to prevent heritage listings.
STATE
Some of the varying patterns are identified below.
CONTRIBUTORY
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
LOCAL
Many Local but no Contributory Items in North Adelaide. Many Contributory but few Local Items in St Peters. Some Local but no Contributory Items in Norwood. Many Contributory but few Local Items in Rose Park. Some Local and grouped Contributory Iems in Unley. Large areas with no Local or Contributory Items, despite their historic character.
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Highest value suburbs at greatest risk of demolitions There is a high correlation between heritage listing and property values, proving once again the value of heritage listing in creating and building economic value.
The map below shows that those suburbs with the highest concentration of Contributory Items (Medindie, St Peters, Rose Park and Toorak Gardens and Leabrook) also have median house prices above $1 million. This is no coincidence. The financial value of these areas is highly dependent on preserving the heritage places which are now protected primarily through Historic Conservation
Zones and Contributory Item designation. Once protection for those places is removed, as the Government proposes, there is nothing to prevent a wave of demolitions through those areas for cheap, overcrowded 'infill' developments which will greatly erode the amenity and property values of these areas, altering them beyond recognition.
STATE ABOVE
State, Local and Contributory Heritage Items and inner suburbs with a Median House Price of more than $1 million. Mapping: Location SA map viewer.
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LOCAL CONTRIBUTORY SUBURBS WITH A MEDIAN HOUSE PRICE GREATER THAN $1 MILLION
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Lost in translation? Many members of the public do not differentiate between local heritage, historic character and Contributory Items. Regardless of their classification, they are generally valued by the community who expect such historic places to be protected from demolition.
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s part of the roll out of the new planning system, State and Local Heritage listed places will continue to be protected, but there is no commitment to carry over existing protections for Contributory Items into the new Planning and Design Code. In fact, the Planning Department has repeatedly avoided making any commitment to providing any kind of heritage protection for these places. Their omission from recently released draft regulations is a clear indication that these places will have no protection from indiscriminate demolition. In addition, the new planning laws provide that 51% of property owners must approve the creation of any new Historic Conservation Zone. This provision is out of step with how other planning policy is developed. The South Australian Greens Party has introduced a Bill into Parliament in an effort to remove this provision from our planning laws.
A B OV E
Contributory Items, such as this one in Gawler, would lose any protection from demolition.
Lobby groups representing developers, and volume home building companies whose ‘modus-operandi’ is building new homes, not renovating old ones, have long pressed for protection of Contributory Items to be removed.
For example, in its submission to the Parliamentary Committee Enquiry into Heritage in September 2018, the Urban Development Institute of Australia (UDIA) proposed that “the Planning and Design Code should remove all reference to Contributory Items (both existing and in the future)”. Similarly, the Property Council proposed “all existing listing to be reviewed”. However, neither of these organisations have ever provided any evidence for their repeated assertions that heritage protection is an impediment to economic development. It is a well-established fact that the preservation and adaptation of heritage buildings such as those currently protected as Contributory Items and in Historic Conservation Zones are the lifeblood of the ‘restoration economy’ that works on such properties to extend their life and retain their unique features. Destroying these places rather than providing for their sustainment is wasteful in both the short and long term and reduces employment in highly skilled restoration trades and limits opportunities for the many small businesses that make up the restoration economy.
Can we demolish your house?
AB OV E
Letter to The Advertiser, Wed March 6, 2019.
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How do we prevent this disaster? In order to prevent a catastrophic loss of our heritage, the National Trust is calling on the State Government to:
Retain and improve protection for Contributory Items (CIs), Historic Conservation Zones (HCZs) and Local Heritage 1. Immediate protection from demolition for all CIs and HCZs in the transition to the new Planning and Design Code. 2. Transition existing CIs and HCZs to local heritage status through an orderly process managed independently of the planning department. 3. Review criteria for local heritage listing to address current anomalies.
Apply demolition controls to protect CIs, HCZs and Local Heritage in the new Planning and Design Code 4. All development works on local heritage places to be assessed. 5. Development Assessment guidelines to promote retention and reuse in a manner consistent with guidelines contained in the Burra Charter.
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Strengthen local heritage listing 6. Transparent, independent process for local heritage listing through the SA Heritage Council. 7. Support for local Councils to complete or update local heritage surveys. 8. Support for the creation of more historic conservation zones within the new planning system and the removal of current legislative barriers.
Support local heritage protection and preservation 9. Support for local government to invest in undertaking heritage conservation work. 10. Increase in grant funding for local heritage places Contributory Items and Heritage Conservation Zones/ Areas through the new State Government Heritage Grants program.
WE NEED
YOUR SUPPORT TO SAVE OUR HERITAGE
In the transition to the state’s new planning system, hard won protections for our beloved heritage places are at risk of being lost. If newly proposed regulations are allowed, thousands of places are at imminent risk of demolition, with no right of objection or appeal for neighbours, councils, or communities.
DO YOU WANT YOUR SUBURB TO GO
FROM THIS
TO THIS?
If allowed, this loss of heritage protection will result in the greatest destruction of historic places South Australia has ever seen.
BUT YOU CAN STOP THIS BY STANDING UP OUR HERITAGE BUT WE NEED TO ACT FAST!
SIGN A PETITION go to www.change.org Search for: Protect South Australia's heritage from demolition
DONATE TO THE WRITE TO SUPPORT RECEIVE UPDATES JOIN THE campaign to protect our Your State MP Love Your Local by subscribing to the NATIONAL TRUST heritage: The Premier Heritage on Facebook Heritage Watch Go to page 32 or visit www.nationaltrust.org. The Planning Minister e-mailing list at www.nationaltrust.org. Facebook/ Your local mayor or au/donate-sa/ heritagewatch.net.au au/membership-sa/ LoveYourLocalHeritage council member
www.heritagewatch.net.au Raise the alert with your neighbours and friends before the bulldozers arrive
§ R eforming P lanning R eforms
SA’s planning reforms urgently need reforming KEVIN O’LEARY
South Australia’s new planning system, due to be fully operational by July 2020, would have been faster to implement, less costly and resulted in less conflict and ultimately better outcomes if the so-called ‘reforms’ had built on the strengths of the existing planning system. There are three major problems with the new planning system as currently proposed:
PICT URED:
Kommune Tower, Coolangatta, Queensland. In the performance planning assessment of this development: •
Heights, plot ratios, parking, infrastructure and other constraints in the City Planning Scheme were completely ignored and substituted with much less rigorous performance planning criteria specifically tailored to this development
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A 26 storey building was approved when the City Planning Scheme limit was only 10 storeys
•
Total disregard was shown for the surrounding dune ecology and dune amenity
1 D L Baker et al, 2016. 2 The Advertiser, 1 February 2019. 3 Jennifer Roughan is a Fellow of the Australian Planning Institute.
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PROBLEM NO 1: Using ‘performance-based’ planning to assess development In essence, ‘performance-based’ planning is about providing the maximum level of flexibility in planning decision making processes by avoiding the use of specific policies, objectives and/or standards in the assessment of development proposals. For example: Performance based planning
Traditional planning approach
a. Development to provide open space that is a. Useable b. Clearly defined c. Is a safe and attractive living environment
At least 12% of a site area should be open space and: a. have a minimum dimension of 10 metres b. have a maximum gradient not exceeding one in ten c. be designed so that it is subject to informal surveillance from adjoining dwellings
a. High-rise development to be sited in strategic locations
Hi-rise development should: a. be restricted to the CBD, transit nodes and district centres b. not overlook or cause overshadowing of adjoining residential properties c. cause overshadowing of parks and gardens
Many planning jurisdictions in the USA, NZ and Australia have abandoned this type of planning approach because of the “heavy administrative burden involved”1. SA proposes a more watered down version of performance planning, similar to Queensland which retains zonings and definitions. Queensland’s system has experienced major problems in its practical operation. It appears from the draft Planning and Design Code prepared for the Outback regions and comments made by Planning Minister Stephan Knoll that ’performance-based’ planning will be used extensively in South Australia.2 Queensland planning expert, Jennifer Roughan3 notes the failings of performance planning as practised in Queensland: “In addition to complaints of complexity and a lack of efficiency, there are increasing signals from communities (and elected representatives) that there is confusion, a lack of confidence and, possibly a sense of injustice. These issues arise from a lack of certainty, inconsistent decision making and (at least perceived) lack of transparency. “
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R eforming P lanning R eforms
PROBLEM NO 2: The State Planning Policies document, a key component of the current reform process, has major deficiencies
PROBLEM NO 3: The proposed Planning and Design Code as so far revealed appears overly complex and lacking in certainty and transparency
This document contains poor or out of date policy directions on a range of matters including higher density development, population growth, transport, migration, urban design and fails to properly address the need for heritage preservation.
There is a high level of complexity in the Code with multiple tools for assessing development (spread over 350 pages). There are zones, subzones, overlays, general development provisions, desired outcomes, performance outcomes, deemed to satisfy provisions, restricted development provisions, accepted development classifications and procedural matters. It is more complex to interpret than current development plans. A better approach would have been to rationalise the number of zones and improve policies in current development plans.
Higher density development More definitive statements are required indicating where high-rise is allowed and the specific situations when it should be restricted, e.g. where there are overlooking or overshadowing issues, wind tunneling or adverse impacts on adjoining property values. Tougher restrictions on high-rise development in the suburbs were promised by the Marshall Government in October 2017, but they are not apparent in the document. Population Growth The policies do not reflect recent pronouncements Federal and State Governments have made on population growth for South Australia, particularly in the regions. Transport and freight AdeLINK a proposal for an expanded tram network for Adelaide, is not referred to in the policies. Neither is any mention made of the government’s proposal for a multibillion-dollar overhaul of Adelaide's freight network that includes a new 24-hour airport near Murray Bridge, and new rail and road routes for heavy vehicles. Migration The failure to refer to the Marshall Government’s new skilled migrant intake program for regional areas and how that may be managed in planning terms is a significant gap. Urban design The policies fail to consider and discuss why so many poor urban design decisions are being made by planning authorities in South Australia, nor suggest any solutions to this issue. The introduction of performance planning in development assessment processes will only make the current situation worse. Heritage By omission the policies scrap Historic Conservation Zones and Contributory Items that have been critical to the protection of our built heritage. There are no policies requiring respectful development around valued built heritage and other policies fail to address the major problems of buildings and places not being heritage listed when they should be. There is no mention of promoting heritage-led urban regeneration projects when world-wide these projects have been highly successful in regenerating local areas and economies, preserving and creating distinctive identities to the new build parts of urban redevelopment schemes. Until this document is appropriately revised any future planning design codes will be compromised by these gross inadequacies in planning policy direction at a State Government level.
The code embraces a performance-based planning approach very similar to the one used in Queensland which has been the subject of so much criticism for its excessive levels of complexity, lack of efficiency, lack of certainty and transparency, inconsistent decision making, strong feelings of injustice and high levels of confusion. A better way is possible It would have been preferable to persist with the planning instruments that we already have, but significantly improve their content. Instead, both the State Government and the State Opposition have become so politically committed to the current reform process and unresponsive to other views that the opportunity to significantly alter course has probably been lost. However, the outcomes of the current process could be improved by: •
Updating the current State Planning Policies to reflect the government’s new policy directions taking care to avoid the very open-ended (performance-based) style of policy direction given in the existing document.
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Conducting a more rigorous public consultation process on the amended State Planning Policies.
•
Once the State Policies document has been updated and amended, rewriting the existing Outback Planning and Design Code and writing all future design codes to provide clearer and more specific policy directions.
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Rationalising the multiple layers of different planning assessment tools in the design codes (e.g. desired outcomes, performance outcomes etc.).
Unless these changes are implemented South Australia is likely to suffer the same crippling problems currently dogging the Queensland planning system. It would be far better to learn from the mistakes of others than simply to repeat them here.
Kevin O'Leary has worked in senior urban planning positions in Planning SA, local councils in Melbourne and for private planning consultants in New Zealand.
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§ Par k s in P eril
Development goes off track on
Kangaroo Island
Above: Sandy Beach, a pristine wilderness in Flinders Chase National Park. Below: Members of Friends of Parks show the scale of the proposed development on the headland.
COLIN WILSON | VICE PRESIDENT, FRIENDS OF PARKS K ANGAROO ISLAND WESTERN DISTRICTS
Flinders Chase National Park occupies the wild western end of Kangaroo Island. It is a magnificent expanse of unbroken wilderness and spectacular coastal scenery with a colourful social history of remote lighthouses, shipwrecks and pioneer farming with a fair smattering of tragedy and hardship thrown in. It is also home to a surprising number of endemic species given its close proximity to and relatively recent isolation from the mainland.
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ttempts to protect the Chase began in 1892 with a motion put to a meeting of the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science in Hobart by the Royal Society of South Australia ‘that it is desirable that the western end of Kangaroo Island be reserved for the protection of native Fauna and Flora’. It passed unanimously. Things are never quite that easy however, and it took another quarter century of determined struggle before an Act of State Parliament was finally passed establishing Flinders Chase on 16 October 1919. Friends of Parks KI Western Districts volunteers have been working with park staff for over 20 years to maintain and enhance the social, cultural and natural heritage values of the parks and reserves of western Kangaroo Island. We have won a number of awards for our projects and brought many thousands of dollars in grant money into the parks. We manage weeds, survey threatened species, maintain tracks, produce educational materials, help run open days, revegetate degraded areas and assist park management in many other ways.
A couple of years ago we alerted the Department of Environment and Water (DEW) to the 100th anniversary of Flinders Chase, and helped plan an ambitious week-long program of activities to celebrate the milestone. Due to a shortage of staff and funds the vast bulk of the organising and running of the event was to be done by our volunteer group. Then things went sour. The Park Plan of Management was amended in 2017 to include the Kangaroo Island Wilderness Trail (KIWT). It was classed as a ‘minor development zone’ that would allow camp sites to be established and ‘small scale ecologically sensitive accommodation along the trail.’1 The four camping sites have an environmental impact in an area with high wilderness values, but they are near existing access roads, are tucked into sheltered locations away from the
AB OV E
Hundreds of protesters gather on the steps of State Parliament to oppose the AWC development.
coast and do not intrude unnecessarily into the experience of other visitors. Our group has welcomed the KIWT as a means of attracting low-impact visitors to share the park. In November 2018 a notice in the local ‘The Islander’ newspaper announced an information session regarding two private luxury lodges to be built by the Australian Walking Company (AWC) along the KIWT. What we saw at the session shocked us. Rather than the small-scale accommodation near the established camping nodes we were expecting, villages of ten substantial buildings (the largest at each site measuring 18m x 9m x 4m high) plus water tanks, lookouts and connecting paths are prominently located on pristine coastal sites kilometres away from the KIWT. These require 3 km of new roads and kilometres of new walking track2. One dominates the headland overlooking Sandy Beach, one of only two wild beaches easily accessible to the public in the park, while the other is on ancient and fragile dunes overlooking Sanderson Bay. AWC was also being handed exclusive use of the lighthouse keepers’ cottages at Cape du Couedic. As a ‘Category 1’ development
there was no requirement for public consultation and no opportunity was offered. In fact the plans had gone to the State Commission Assessment Panel (SCAP) for approval the day before the information session. On its website AWC was already advertising the accommodation for commencement in October 2019 to coincide with the park centenary. Following unproductive meetings with DEW and AWC representatives, we withdrew our labour, suspended our involvement in the park anniversary and began a protest campaign. A rally on Parliament House steps was attended by more than 500 people, including representatives of at least 28 Friends of Parks groups and a dozen or more other community organisations, including the National Trust. We will resume our volunteer work in the park when the Minister and his Department return this development to the one specified in the Management Plan; that is for small scale accommodation adjacent to the trail, close to existing road access and away from the sensitive coastal zone. If this development goes ahead unchanged it will open the floodgates for many similar private projects already being planned for other national parks and reserves.
Follow our campaign on www.facebook.com/publicparksNOTprivateplaygrounds 1 Flinders Chase National Park, Kelly Hill Conservation Park, Ravine des Casoares Wilderness Protection Area and Cape Bouguer Wilderness Protection Area Management Plans Amendment 2017, page 2. 2 The Islander newspaper 28 November 2018 ‘Australian Walking Company quizzed on proposed development’.
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§ E x periences
Ayers House Discovery ‘The best in Adelaide’
William J. Williams and his art decoration at Ayers House in the late 1870s. ANDREW MONTANA
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E x periences
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he Government, at Hallam’s instigation, has taken a beautiful house, the best in Adelaide, close to G. House, for those of the Staff & party that we have not got room for [for the royal visit], where they will be in clover & far better off than in any of the other colonies, but it is a pity that they come to us so late, for they will have grown bored with everything before that. £100 is to be paid for the house, well furnished, plate, linen, & two maids… The old grandfather, Sir Henry Ayers, who left it to be sold among his children, dropt all his h’s & left £700,000 to be divided, so they might have given it for the week. It has been empty 4 years ever since his death… [22 March 1901, Marble Hill] So wrote the then Governor’s wife Lady Audrey Tennyson about Ayers House in a letter to her mother in England. It was only months before the Duke and Duchess of York would visit Adelaide, and their retinue would stay at the mansion – ‘the best in Adelaide’ as Lady Tennyson believed- in July 1901 after the Opening of Federal Parliament in Melbourne in May. Sir Henry Ayers may well have dropped his h’s but he was ambitious, proud and full of South Australian patriotism to employ the Adelaide-based art decorator William Joseph Williams (1851-1918) to decorate extensively the interior of Ayers’ mansion on North Terrace between 1878 and 1879.
I M AGE S
Ceiling detail in the State Dining Room (left) and Ballroom (above).
detailing on the ceilings, cornices, coves and borders of the beautifully proportioned former State Dining Room and ballroom, in particular. Williams’ fine decorative work is characterised by interlaced Grecian motifs and arabesques, and his rich yet reposeful illusions of flora and fauna attract the eye when one looks up at the subtle tone and colour shadings of his work.
Formerly believed to have been the work of the Sydney based firm Lyon, Cottier & Co., the superb stencilling, painting, gilding, imitation wood graining and inlaying within Ayers House are the work of Williams, who was one of South Australia’s leading art decorators during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It was family tradition, as reminisced through the memories of Sir Henry Ayers’ last surviving child, Lucy, in 1928, that Williams “had to go on his back on a mattress supported on ladders for three days” to paint the Ayers family crest- three doves and an olive branchstill seen today on the high cornice in the State Dining Room. Translated from the Latin it reads: ‘They flourish in the joyful air’.
Possessing refined and versatile skills as a decorator and colourist, Williams came to South Australia in 1878. Born in Deal in Kent, England, in 1851, he trained under the prestigious London decorator John Crace & Sons, and according to his Adelaide obituary in 1918, he decorated many notable English mansions and assisted in [updating] the decorations of the Pompeii Courts at the Crystal Palace at Sydenham, outside of London. In 1872 he visited America where he was a designer of wallpaper before coming to South Australia, possibly via England. Possessing refined and versatile skills in drawing, decorating and colouring, Williams also trained at the South Kensington schools of design in London. In the 1870s, his knowledge of ornamental art was current and he was particularly drawn to William Morris’s decorative patterns for wallpaper and textiles.
Indeed, it is a visual joy to visit Ayers House today and enjoy the harmonious colours and sophisticated decorative
Engaging skilled hands and jobbing painters as required for his commissions around South Australia,
Williams decorated many commercial buildings, private residences and churches. It is remarkable that Williams’ work survives at Ayers House, and South Australians and visitors to Adelaide are also fortunate to see his painted decorations and stencilling on the walls and ceilings of the (Santos) Museum of Economic Botany in the Adelaide Botanic Gardens, which Williams created at the time of this Museum’s opening in 1881. Moreover, it is almost certain that he was responsible for the art decorations of Para mansion in Gawler, once the home of Walter Duffield and now a privately owned residence. Later in his life, Williams continued to decorate, lecture on painted decoration, design wallpapers and paint landscapes, which he showed at the South Australian Society of Arts exhibitions. Two years after he completed his major decorative work for Sir Henry Ayers’ residence his newspaper advertisements frequently announced him as: W. J. Williams, Art Decorator Ceiling and Wall Decoration of An Artistic Kind, In Richness, Colour, And Effect. Original in Design. Most Finished Workmanship. Lady Tennyson was correct when she remarked that Ayers House was a ‘beautiful house, the best in Adelaide’. Therein today, Williams’ work proudly lives on.
Andrew Montana is a Senior Lecturer and Researcher in Art and Design History at the Australian National University with a specialist interest in historic Australian interiors and the decorative arts. H E R I TAG E L I V I NG
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AU S T R A L I A N H E R I TAGE F E ST I VA L AND S OU T H AU S T R A L I A’S HISTORY F E ST I VA L
Heritage
on the main stage April and May are our time to shine, and that’s exactly what the National Trust of South Australia is doing, with more than 50 events as part of two festivals.
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he National Trust’s Australian Heritage Festival is a nationwide celebration, which began back in 1980. It launched on April 18, which is the International Day for Monuments and Sites, and runs through to 19 May, the day after UNESCO’s International Museum Day. In South Australia we are doubly blessed, because this dovetails neatly into the dates for South Australia’s History Festival, which runs 27 April to 31 May, and will feature around 700 events in SA alone. The International Day for Monuments and Sites is a day designed to raise public awareness concerning the diversity of the world’s heritage and the efforts that are required to protect and conserve it, as well as to draw attention to its vulnerability. The international theme for 2019 is Rural Landscapes. The Festivals also incorporate International Museums Day, which is celebrated every year on 18 May. The theme for 2019 is ‘Museums as Cultural Hubs: The future of tradition’. This is a great opportunity not only to shine a light on the wonderful work done by the many National Trust branches who operate museums, but also to show your love for your local museum. There are events to really get your teeth into, or others that will entertain and educate. There is certainly something for everyone. Whether you are involved in presenting events at this time of year, or if you are simply filling your diary with events to attend, we hope you make the most of the opportunity to explore our special heritage places.
South Australia's History Festival: 27 April – 31 May • Australian Heritage Festival 2019: 18 April – 19 May
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The Future of Heritage Originally from Adelaide, Holly Gramazio has made a name for herself working in London, designing bespoke games intended to encourage people to engage more deeply with heritage places and collections. She will be back in South Australia in May, and will present the first of the Future of Heritage lectures.
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olly describes herself as a game designer with a particular interest in site-specific work and physicality. She started designing games after completing a PhD in online fiction in 2008 at the University of Adelaide.
Since then she has worked on projects such as One Easy Step for the Kings College London Arts and Humantities Festival, 99 Tiny Games: an installation of low-tech games across every borough of London; 54 Cities, a deck of cards that also contains a puzzle-driven walking tour, which sends players on four different routes around Kensington and Chelsea - one for each suit; Treasures: the Hunt a treasure hunt for the Natural History Museum, taking players to places of exceptional natural history interest across London; and Games we Found at the V&A, board games designed to play on specially printed boards recreating patterns found around the Victoria and Albert Museum.
‘I'm particularly interested in games that draw on history, and games that encourage player creativity,’ says Holly, who – with Sophie Sampson – is the creative force behind Matheson Marcault. ‘We use game design to engage people with places and ideas. We focus on words, play, installations, and interactive history.’
We are delighted that Holly will be back in Adelaide for a few weeks this year, and has agreed to be our guest speaker on Wednesday 1 May, 6pm at Ayers House Museum as part of our Future of Heritage lecture series, when she will share something of her philosophy and also some of her projects. Holly is also going to spend some time working with us in Burra, as we aim to test her creative brain and come up with some site-specific games and activities that people can undertake as part of the Burra Heritage Passport.
The Future of Heritage lectures will be held at Ayers House Museum at 6pm. Tickets available www.trybooking.com/BAQTD 1 May – Holly Gramazio, Matheson Marcault 15 May – Keith Conlon, Chair of the South Australian Heritage Council 29 May – Caroline Butler-Bowdon, Sydney Living Museums
AB OV E :
Games at work: One Easy step. (Matheson Marcault). Photo: Ben Peter Catchpole.
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§ Australian H eritage F estival and S outh Australia’ s H istory F estival
NATIONAL TRUST PRESENTS THE
F OR FA M I L I E S Burra Heritage Passport Throughout the Festival: Mon-Fri 9am-5pm, Sat & Sun 10am-4pm Burra & Goyder Visitor Centre Burra Bookings required DreamBIG in a Big House Sat 25 & Sun 26 May, 10am-4pm Ayers House Museum Adelaide By donation Great Big Playdate Sat 27 April, 11am-4pm Beaumont House Beaumont
AUSTR ALI A N HERITAGE FESTIVAL A ND SOUTH AUSTR ALI A’S HISTORY FESTIVAL
OP EN DAYS
PERFORMANCES
All Wrapped Up for Winter: A Yarn Bombing Extravaganza 15-19 May, 10am-2pm Tea Tree Gully Heritage Museum
A Distant World: Baroque Music at Ayers House Sun 5 May, 4pm Ayers House Museum Adelaide Bookings required www.trybooking.com/BASIZ
Drop-in Conversations: Old & New Every Sat in May, 9am-12pm Watchman House Coromandel Valley Free
Heritage Harvest Festival Sun 19 May, 11am-4pm Beaumont House Beaumont Imagine the Past: Schmidt-Rodert Hufe & Bake Oven Sun 5 May, 10am-3pm Schmidt-Rodert Farm Complex (Hufe) Hahndorf By donation Must See Moonta Throughout the Festival. For opening hours & tour information, contact the Moonta Tourist Office or visit the website. Moonta Tourist Office Free Pioneer Women's Trail Walk: Hahndorf to Beaumont House Sun 19 May, 8am-4pm. Official start in Hahndorf 26km, 8.30am (bus 7.30am); Bridgewater 19km, 9.30am (bus 8.30am); Stirling 12km & Eagle on the Hill 6km, 11am (bus 10am) Start: Hahndorf Institute, 59 Main St, Hahndorf. Finish: Beaumont House Beaumont Bookings required www.trybooking.com/ZIUU
Old Mount Gambier Courthouse Open Day Sat 18 May, 10am-4pm Old Mount Gambier Courthouse
Ayers House After Dark Fri 3 & 17 May, 6.30pm Ayers House Museum Adelaide Bookings required www.trybooking.com/MAGF
Open Day & Display: Winns Bakehouse Museum Sun 19 May, 1-4pm Winns Bakehouse Museum Coromandel Valley Free
Death Comes at the End Fri 10 & 24 May 7-9.30pm Ayers House Museum Adelaide Bookings required www.trybooking.com/BAPQP
Open Inspection of Gamble Cottage & Garden Sun 19 May, 1-4pm Gamble Cottage & Garden Blackwood Free
That Which Remains Soundstream Wed 8 May, 6pm Z Ward, enter from 63 Conyngham St Glenside Bookings required www.trybooking.com/BBBWL
Willunga's History Presented Every Sun in May & Tue 7 May, 1-4pm Courthouse Museum Willunga
TALKS Spotlight on the People of the Ship 'Coromandel', 1837 Wed 8 May, 7.30-10pm Uniting Church Hall Blackwood Bookings required
The Future of Heritage Wed 1, 15 & 29 May, 6pm Ayers House Museum Adelaide Bookings required https://www.trybooking. com/BAQTD
Then and Now: North Adelaide Fri 17 May, 1-3pm North Adelaide Community Centre North Adelaide Free
For full details and information about booking, visit www.historyfestival.sa.gov.au
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SP E C I A L EV E N TS An Irish Party Sun 26 May, 11am-3pm Wolta Wolta Clare (intersection Neagles Rock & Victoria Rd, signpost on right-hand side to Wolta Wolta) Australian Heritage Tourism Conference Thu 30 & Fri 31 May Adelaide Town Hall Adelaide Bookings required www.trybooking.com/BBQFV Games Night at Ayers House Tue 21 May 6.30pm Ayers House Museum Adelaide Bookings required www.trybooking.com/BAPLG Mother's Day High Tea Sun 12 May, 2pm, 2.30pm or 3pm Ayers House Museum Adelaide Bookings required www.trybooking.com/BAPQO Unveiling Two Information Boards in the Police Stables Fri 24 May, 2-11pm Police House / Courthouse & Stables Burra Free
TOU R S Adelaide Heritage Tours: City of Pubs Fri 24 May, 5.30pm Ayers House Museum Adelaide Bookings required www.trybooking.com/NSET Adelaide Heritage Tours: East Terrace Promenade Mon 6 May, 11am Ayers House Museum Adelaide Bookings required www.trybooking.com/NSDY Adelaide Heritage Tours: Hidden Stories, Small Details Wed 15 May, 11am meet outside Bonython Hall, University of Adelaide Adelaide Bookings required www.trybooking.com/NSEC
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Adelaide Heritage Tours: In the Steps of Stella Bowen Mon 13 May, 11am meet Wellington Sqare North Adelaide Bookings required www.trybooking.com/KJEO
Natural Heritage Walks: Roachdale Reserve Sun 5 May, 10.30am Roachdale Reserve, 319 Little Para Rd Kersbrook Free Bookings required www.trybooking.com/BASFO
Adelaide Heritage Tours: Adelaide Lost and Found Sun 28 Apr 18 May, 11am meet outside Bonython Hall, University of Adelaide Adelaide Bookings required www.trybooking.com/BASLI
Old Treasury & Tunnels Tour Sun 28 Apr, every Sun in May & Sat 4, 11 & 18 May, 11am & 1pm Adina Treasury Hotel, 2 Flinders St Adelaide Bookings required www.trybooking.com/NSDP
Adelaide Heritage Tours: Somerton Man Fri 17 May, 5.30pm meet Old Royal Adelaide Hospital entrance Adelaide Bookings required www.trybooking.com/KJFQ Adelaide Heritage Tours: Southwest Corner Wed 1 May, 1pm Centre of Whitmore Square Adelaide Bookings required www.trybooking.com/KJGA Coromandel Valley History Walk Sun 5 May, 9.30am & Sun 26 May, 1.30pm Watchman House Coromandel Valley Bookings required www.trybooking.com/BASFA Industries at Beaumont House: Display and Tours Sun 5 May, 1-4pm Beaumont House Beaumont Jamestown Cemetery Tour Sun 5, 19 & 26 May, 1.45-3.45pm Jamestown Cemetery (Northern gates) Jamestown Natural Heritage Walks: HK Fry Reserve Sun 26 May, 10.30am HK Fry Reserve, Heath Rd Crafers Free Bookings required www.trybooking.com/BASFA
The Best of Town and Country Sun 28 Apr 9am-5.30pm meet at Ayers House Museum Adelaide Bookings required www.trybooking.com/OUIP Tombstones and Tales Sat 18 May, 2-4pm Penola Cemetery Penola Bookings required penola@wattlerange.sa.gov.au Walking Choices: Guided Walks Scheduled or on Request 5-26 May, as requested Coromandel Valley Bookings required Willunga North Heritage Walk Sun 12 May, 10am-12pm Courthouse Museum Willunga By donation Z Ward: Behind the Walls Sun 28 Apr, Sat 11 & Sun 26 May, 2pm Z Ward, enter from 63 Conyngham St Glenside Bookings required www.trybooking.com/KJDM
DIGITAL SHARE YOUR PHOTOS AND WIN! #LoveYourLocalHeritage Instagram Competition Throughout May #WhatsBehindTheDoor Throughout May
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NATIONAL TRUST PRESENTS THE
E X H I B I T I O NS Bringing History to Life: Something for Everyone! Throughout the Festival: Mon-Fri 9am-5pm; Sat & Sun 10am-4pm Farm Shed Museum Kadina Discovering Renmark's History Throughout the Festival: Thu-Mon 10am-4pm (allow 1 hr) Charles Chaffey Centre Renmark Fancy This, Fancy That: Masquerade Masks and Fancy Dress Throughout May, Tue-Sun, 10am-4pm Ayers House Museum Adelaide Gawler People Throughout May: Tue-Fri 1-4pm Gawler National Trust Museum Gawler
AUSTR ALI A N HERITAGE FESTIVAL AND SOUTH AUSTR ALI A’S HISTORY FESTIVAL CONTINUED
Pop-Up Exhibition of Vintage Magnetic Recording Equipment Throughout the Festival: Mon-Fri 10am-3pm, Sun 1-4pm Mount Laura Homestead Museum Whyalla Norrie Take a Look and Walk Down Memory Lane Sun 5, 19 & 26 May, 1-4.30pm Jamestown Railway Station Museum Jamestown The Changing Face of Ardrossan Throughout the Festival, 10am-4pm Ardrossan Heritage Museum Ardrossan
Memories of a Fantasy Shell Garden 29 Apr-31 May: Mon-Fri 9am-5pm; Sat & Sun 10am-4pm Millicent Visitor Information Centre Millicent Free
Unearthing Whyalla's History Throughout May: Mon-Fri 10am-3pm, Sun 1-4pm. Open Day: Sun 12 May, 11am-4pm Mount Laura Homestead Museum Whyalla Norrie Statewide Free
Pioneer Women’s Trail Walk and Heritage Harvest Festival ALLISON RUSSELL
Y
ou get a real sense of achievement when you complete the Pioneer Women’s Trail. I should know – I walked it a couple of months ago with an old school friend. Walking in the steps of the early German women along their regular path to Adelaide, we passed through some beautiful parts of the Adelaide Hills, and the views over the City as we descended in Burnside were breathtaking. Parking outside Beaumont House, we Ubered to the start. We’d set off early, so we were ready for a cooked breakfast in Stirling when we got there. The trail map and markers were easy to follow. But if you’re not a regular walker, you might want to tackle this walk on Sunday 19 May, when you can join with several hundred others taking this challenge, and take advantage
of the bus to the start. There are some who run the 26km track and we salute them for their effort, but I probably won’t be joining them – not this year, anyway! If the 26km from Hahndorf sounds too daunting, there are also starts in Bridgewater (19km) and Stirling (12km). And when you make it to the end of the walk, you will be greeted
by the Heritage Harvest Festival in the magnificent surrounds of the Beaumont House Garden. Food and other fresh produce as well as live music awaits, honoring the spirit of the early German women and girls, who were taking their harvest to market. Sometimes those women did the walk more than once a week – and they walked home, too!
Pioneer Women’s Trail Walk Sunday 19 May. Register at www.trybooking.com/ZIUU For more information visit www.nationaltrust.org.au/event/2019-pioneer-womens-walk
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PI C T UR E D:
Trying some old fashioned play and sharing stories at Beaumont House.
Fun for all ages Some may think that heritage is only enjoyed by older people. This year we are making sure there are plenty of activities and events at Festival time to entertain and delight all ages.
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uring the History and Heritage Festivals there are three special events designed especially for families and younger visitors. The Great Big Playdate will be happening at Beaumont House on the last Saturday of the April school holidays (27 April). In previous years this event has been called the Victoriana Old-Fashioned Day of Play, and although it has had a name change, it will continue to be filled with analogue fun with a Victorian flavour. The glorious garden setting will remain the same, where families will be able to play games such as marbles and quoits, hoop and stick, knucklebones and more. There will also be dressups, peg doll making and a chance to try out an old washboard, as well as a full program of entertainment. There will also be a small display of children’s masquerade costumes from the Victorian era, and everyone will have the opportunity to make their own mask. During May, the masquerade display and mask activity will be moved to Ayers House, and will be available for families to explore if they visit during the DreamBIG Big Family Weekend (25 & 26 May). Over this weekend – when North Terrace comes alive with thousands of families exploring the best of our cultural attractions - entry fees to Ayers House are only a gold coin donation and visitors get a whole load of fun, with all kinds of activities bringing every room of the house to life.
A B OV E:
Fun, games, music and creating at Beaumont House.
School groups will be able to take a special tour of Ayers House during DreamBIG, called Singing Under the Ceilings. In its heyday, the home of Sir Henry and Lady Anne was filled with music and laughter, soirees, parties and elaborate dinners. What if the walls could talk – or even sing? This tour will share the stories of the house and its times through song.
Great Big Play Date Saturday 27 April, 11am-4pm Beaumont House, 631 Glynburn Rd, Beaumont. Bookings not required. $5 adults, $2 children at the gate. For more information visit www.nationaltrust.org.au/sa Singing Under the Ceilings (DreamBIG school workshops) 22, 23, 28 & 29 May (School groups only). Ayers House Museum, 288 North Tce Adelaide.Bookings essential. For more information visit www.dreambigfestival.com.au/ events/singing-under-ceilings/) DreamBIG in a Big House, 25 & 26 May 10am-4pm Ayers House Museum, 288 North Tce Adelaide. Bookings not required. For more information visit www.nationaltrust.org.au/sa
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§ Australian H eritage T ourism C onference
Australian Heritage Tourism Conference At the end of May, Adelaide will host the inaugural Australian Heritage Tourism Conference in the elegant surrounds of one of our iconic heritage places – the Adelaide Town Hall.
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he last edition of Heritage Living featured information on the National Trust’s Heritage Tourism initiative outlining our strategic directions for developing opportunities for heritage tourism. In order to stimulate a national discussion about the possibilities we are bringing together leading operators, thought leaders and policy makers for the first Australian Heritage Tourism Conference to be held in Adelaide 30-31 May. And what better place to hold it than in the heart of the Adelaide Park Lands and City Layout, a place inscribed on the National Heritage List in November 2008.
People Places Stories
CONFERENCE PROGRAM Over two days, conference delegates from across the country will have the chance to join in conversations about the importance and future prospects for heritage tourism in Australia. They will be able to network with others in the industry as they explore questions about the current and emerging markets for heritage-based tourism and discuss how to develop engaging and memorable experiences and sustain heritage tourism destinations.
Simon Birmingham, with presentations from the South Australian Minister for the Environment, The Hon David Speirs MP and the Lord Mayor of the
The conference includes two days of formal sessions, workshops and informal discussions to build networks and skills and to share expertise and understandings. Optional tours and social events are also scheduled. A welcome reception for delegates will be held at the National Trust’s Ayers House Museum on Thursday 30 May. The conference will be opened by the Minister for Trade, Tourism and Investment, Senator Above: Adelaide Town Hall
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Australian H eritage T ourism C onference
PUBLIC LECTURE WEDNESDAY 29 MAY
PI C T UR E D:
Above: Heritage in action with penny farthing racing in Tasmania. Left to right: Dr Ang Ming Chee, Director of George Town World Heritage Incorporated and Experience Designer, John Pastorelli.
City of Adelaide, Sandy Verschoor, demonstrating the importance of heritage tourism at national, state and local levels. The National Trust of South Australia is hosting the conference in partnership with the City of Adelaide and the Commonwealth Department of the Environment and Energy. Deborah Morgan, President of the National Trust, says “we welcome delegates to Adelaide to continue the work begun at the National Heritage Tourism Summit in Burra last year in celebrating and stimulating developments in the heritage tourism industry and to establish a national network and agenda for delivering world class heritage-based experiences in Australia for domestic and international visitors. The significance of heritage within the visitor economy has been greatly underestimated in the past, as has its potential to engage younger tourists and travelers. We hope the conference will set a bold agenda for addressing those limitations and build strategic alliances amongst operators, industry associations and policy makers.”
We are delighted to welcome some exceptional speakers including Dr Ang Ming Chee, Director of George Town World Heritage Incorporated in Malaysia, Nicholas Williams, a traditional owner from Hermannsburg, Northern Territory and John Pastorelli, an Experience Designer from Sydney. Dr Caroline Butler-Bowdon, Director Strategy and Engagement for Sydney Living Museums, will present a public lecture the evening before the conference (29 May) and will also be a panelist at the conference.
Delegates and the public alike are invited to join one of the conference presenters, Dr Caroline Butler-Bowdon at a public lecture at Ayers House Museum the evening before the main conference program begins. Dr Butler-Bowdon is recently returned from her Churchill Fellowship, in which she travelled to the UK, Denmark, the USA and Canada to investigate the best new global models of visitor accessibility and experience at heritage sites. ‘If we don’t present the stories of our past through bringing history to life, we become cities and places with no roots, no communal places to shape our identity and share with citizens and tourists’, she says. Her presentation will share the best of what she discovered internationally – programs, business models and methods to develop our heritage tourism industry. Booking at www.trybooking.com/ BAQTD
They will be joined by a wide range of other presenters who will cover four main themes over the two days of conference: •
Opportunities for Heritage Tourism
•
Markets for Heritage Tourism
•
Designing great Heritage Tourism Experiences
•
Creating and sustaining Heritage Tourism Destinations
The conference is timed to follow the South Australian Tourism Conference in Adelaide on 27-29 May, and the programs for the two conferences will complement each other.
AB OV E :
Bath, England, one of the UK's leading heritage tourism destinations.
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§ P lanning and H eritage F orum
Heritage at risk with new planning laws: public forum This one day forum will explore and debate the relationship between planning laws and heritage protection. South Australia’s new planning laws have drastically reduced community participation in decision making about urban development. Now protection for thousands of heritage places is at risk.
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outh Australia's new planning laws have reduced public participation in decision making about development and now threaten to undermine our heritage protection system. Unless proposed new regulations are changed, thousands of heritage places will be at risk of immediate and unregulated demolition. The resultant wave of demolition will destroy the quality and amenity of some of our most highly valued suburbs. In 2016 thousands of South Australians rallied when the previous Labor Government also tried to remove heritage protections for our historic homes, streets and neighbourhoods.
The new Liberal Government is attempting to make the same changes by stealth, using regulation to slash heritage protections, make demolition of historic properties easier and to facilitate 'infill' developments. The proposed regulations are the biggest threat to South Australia's heritage in 40 years. To improve public awareness of the current risks and propose a new direction for planning and heritage in South Australia, we invite all concerned citizens to attend this public forum to
find out about the issues and what can be done to protect our heritage. Monday 24 June, 9-5pm, Bradley Forum, Hawke Building, City West Campus, University of South Australia Bookings required.
Come along and have your say in this people’s debate. A range of planning and heritage experts, as well as representatives of community organisations, will cut through the jargon and misinformation to address the risks to our heritage protection system from the state’s new planning laws. Together we can design a better way that supports sustainable urban development without destroying our heritage. Bookings for the forum are essential: Register online at www.trybooking.com/BAQTZ Registration fee includes lunch and morning and afternoon tea.
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S ignificant T rees
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The Leaning Cook Pines at Minda
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DR PAMELA SMITH
he largest of two Cook pines (Araucaria columnaris) at Minda, Brighton, was well known for its 40˚ lean to the north, until the top section was destroyed during a storm in November 2018. The explanation for this lean is remarkable. A Californian botanist, Matt Ritter, was recently studying Cook pines in California and realized they were all leaning to the south. Astonished, he commented “this has never before been seen in plants… no trees lean to the south.” A colleague in Australia was asked whether he had recorded Cook pines with a lean. The colleague confirmed that he had, but, in Australian they always lean to the north. Ritter and his colleagues then studied 256 Cook pines across five continents between 7˚ and 35˚ north and 12˚ and 42˚ south. Less than 9% of the trees measured didn’t conform to this pattern.
Significantly, the lean of the trees was found to be greater the further the tree is from the equator, and one tree, the larger of MINDA’S COOK PINES, leant at an angle of 40˚ to the north. Ritter speculated:
Cook pines were discovered in New Caledonia by Capt. James Cook, the 18th-century British explorer and navigator, and it was Cook who brought seeds to Hawaii, where they are propagated to this day.
Is it possible they all could be leaning toward the equator? … The mechanisms underlying directional lean of A. columnaris may be related to an adaptive tropic response to the incidence angles of annual sunlight, gravity, magnetism, or any combination of these (Ecology, 30 May 2017, pp.1-3. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.1850).
Both Cook Pines at Minda are situated within the historic landscape associated with the Haywood Building, built in 1860 as a private home. In 1882 the property was purchased by the Hackett family, owners of a leading Adelaide nursery and it is believed the two Cook pines were planted during their ownership, although the larger pine was planted with the regularly watered lawn area. The larger pine, photo 1, is now included on the National Trust’s Register of Significant Trees. The photograph below illustrates the two Cook pines as they are today. The larger pine, which lost approximately 50% of its trunk in the November 2018 storm, is in the background, the (originally) smaller pine is in the foreground.
A further feature of the Cook pine is the unusual habit of typically shedding lower branches (or letting them die) which are then replaced with new epicormic shoots. This does not allow the lower branches to reach the lengths of say the Norfolk Island pine. As a result, they tend to have a narrower "columnar" habit and appear to have 2 crown sections, with a lower replacement crown, and an upper original crown. This particular phenomenon of holding on to dead branches was observed in the strongly leaning Cook pine at Minda.
Acknowledgements: Mr Tony Whitehill, Michelle Gheorgiu, and Michael Palamountain.
Dr Pamela Smith is adjunct Senior Research Fellow at Flinders University.
PICTURED:
Above: Cook pine at Minda leaning to the north with counter-balancing branch. Below: The Cook pine is in the centre of this historic photograph taken out the front of the Haywood Building c. 1900. Right: The two Cook pines as they are today. The larger tree, which lost approximately 50% of it’s trunk in the November 2018 storm, is in the background and the originally smaller pine, and now the taller of the two, is in the foreground.
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§ S pecial P laces
The Mound Springs of the Great Artesian Basin:
Heritage in the Outback SIMON LEWIS
PICTURED
Mound Spring (Blanche Cup) with extinct spring (Hamilton Hill) in background (in Wabma Kadarbu Mound Springs Conservation Park)
Inland Australia is generally characterised by its arid environment. It may come as a surprise to some, therefore, that there are many thousands of natural springs – in northern South Australia, Queensland and New South Wales – associated with the Great Artesian Basin. These springs are often described as “mound springs”.
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he Great Artesian Basin (GAB) is the largest groundwater basin in Australia and one of the largest in the world. It covers 22% of the Australian continent, with large areas in NorthernTerritory, Queensland, New South Wales and South Australia. The total volume of water stored in the Basin is estimated at 64,900 million megalitres, with water in the GAB up to 2 million years old.
Above: Great Artesian Basin, showing main recharge areas (yellow), general water flow direction (arrows) and major spring groups (red outline).
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Natural discharge from the GAB feeds a range of springs, mostly around the southern, western and northern margins in South Australia and Queensland. Springs are formed where artesian pressure forces water to the surface. Most springs occur through fractures and faults on the margins of the Basin, where confining beds are thin, in the Far North of South Australia, north-western NSW and south-western Queensland. There are other springs further into the GAB, such as Dalhousie Springs in Far North South Australia, where water rises to the surface through geological fractures. Most of the springs have only small flows or seepages, but
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PI C T UR E D:
Left: Main spring areas in Far North South Australia Above: Spring on pastoral land north of William Creek
one at Dalhousie has a daily output of around fourteen million litres per day. The eastern margin of the GAB abuts the Great Dividing Range and it is from here that the majority of present day recharge of the Basin occurs. Within South Australia it is estimated that there are around five thousand mound springs. These are of great importance from both a cultural and natural heritage perspective. The springs are of enormous cultural significance to Aboriginal people, being their only reliable water source in the region for thousands of years. Numerous stories and song-lines are closely associated with the springs. The springs are also of great significance from a post-European settlement heritage perspective. Early European explorers, such as John McDouall Stuart, relied heavily on the springs for water and the establishment of the Overland Telegraph and original Ghan railway is inextricably linked with the GAB springs. Excellent examples of the links between mound springs and the Overland Telegraph can be seen at Strangways Springs and the Peake Telegraph site. The springs are of great ecological, evolutionary and biogeographical importance and support many endemic, rare and relict species of flora and
fauna. The communities of native species which depend on the natural discharge of groundwater have been declared an endangered ecological community under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. Within South Australia, mound springs have been protected within Witjira National Park (Dalhousie Springs) and Wabma Kadarbu Mound Springs Conservation Park (The Bubbler and Blanche Cup Springs). The WitjiraDalhousie Springs were added to the National Heritage List in 2009. Some springs have also been protected on pastoral lease lands through the efforts of pastoral managers and the State Environment agency. However, the vast majority of mound springs are on pastoral lands and are subject to grazing pressures by stock and feral animals. The impacts of grazing, pugging and pollution can be severe. Hydrogeological studies have shown that there is a natural waxing and waning in pressure in the GAB in a geological time-frame. Currently there is a natural waning phase but this has been exacerbated significantly by water extraction through bores since the late 1800s. More than 4,700 artesian bores have been established across the whole GAB, many with uncontrolled flows. It is
estimated that natural flows from GAB springs have declined by up to 40% and many springs have dried up. In recent decades there has been substantial investment in the rehabilitation of water delivery infrastructure to control bore flows and eliminate open and wasteful bore drains. The program known as the GAB Sustainability Initiative has been at the forefront of this work. While this work is continuing and should have positive effects on GAB pressure and the springs, there are still many uncontrolled artesian bores, mostly in New South Wales and Queensland. The mound springs of the GAB can genuinely be regarded as oases in the desert. At the moment their conservation status is limited and, as indicated above, there are ongoing threats and impacts. Action is being taken, at the Commonwealth, State and volunteer levels, to provide improved safeguards through better, coordinated management but there is much work to be done. A local volunteer group, Friends of Mound Springs, is actively supporting the conservation of springs in South Australia.
Simon Lewis is a member of the National Trust's Natural Heritage Advisory Committee
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Photo: Suzanne Laslett
§ U ndalya B ridge
A bridge for the future Undalya’s amazing single span iron bridge across the Wakefield River in the Clare Valley is 140 years old. This masterful piece of Victorian era engineering is in need of care and conservation to ensure it remains intact and useable in the future.
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ndalya, is a small settlement in the Clare Valley. Its name, meaning water holes, is taken from the local Ngadjuri people who occupied the area at the time of European colonisation. Explorer Edward John Eyre camped there during one of his expeditions into the interior. Being an early thriving township, Undalya consisted of the usual business houses and hotels, with the first local post office opening in 1848. Before the two churches were built or the one at Penwortham, a local property occupier, a JP, conducted a wedding in the property Head Station front room. The area was at its busiest in the 1850s and 1860s with steady traffic between the Burra copper mines and Port Wakefield and later with
the migration of miners from Burra to the new copper mines at Moonta. Local property owners and those transversing on the Great Northern Road opening up country to the north, needed to take produce to market and get supplies. The need for a bridge across the sometimes heavily swollen Wakefield River was apparent from the earliest days of the mining boom. The first bridge of 1855 was built by Auburn stonemasons, Meller and Scott. One of the most impressive bridges in the State followed, this current bridge, affectionately known as “the basket bridge”, built in 1879. In later years, Undalya was the site of a large-scale wool scouring operation begun by George Henry Michell in 1870, an emigrant from Cornwall. The enterprise established by G.H. Michell, now working on an international scale,
is still successfully operated by the Michell family out of Adelaide. Today, Undalya is a sleepy shadow of its former industrious past. The bridge is a local icon, but one in need of care and conservation. In March, an exhibition by artists Suzanne Laslett and James Parker highlighted the unique character and fond associations of the bridge for many people. The National Trust of South Australia has agreed to undertake a public fundraising appeal to support the conservation of the Undalya Bridge so it doesn’t fall further into disrepair. An initial awareness event was held at the bridge in March with a long table dinner attended by more than 150 people. A raffle for the support of conservation of the bridge raised $1 000 to kick start the public campaign.
You can make a tax deductible donation by visiting: www.nationaltrust.org.au/donate-sa And, next time you are on your way from Auburn to Clare, stop by and pay your respects to one of South Australia’s most remarkable nineteenth century bridges.
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C onservation A ppeal
St Peter's Church, Glenelg Heritage And Restoration
Sitting in the middle of Torrens Square, Augusta Street, St Peter’s Anglican Church has a unique place in the heart of Glenelg and South Australia. A new conservation appeal with the National Trust will support the ongoing preservation of this important church for future generations.
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orrens Square was set aside for a church at Glenelg by Colonel William Light in 1839. The first church, built in 1852, was reported by the SA Register (29 March 1852) to be “on the very spot where some sixteen years ago the glad tidings of the Gospel truth were first proclaimed in the colony” referring to the first service in the colony led by Rev. C.B. Howard on 1st January 1837. This first church soon proved too small and a new church, designed by Edmund W. Wright, was founded in 1881 and opened in 1882.
Every week visitors to St Peter’s are astounded by its beautiful collection of stained glass windows. When the Advertiser reported on the dedication of the final window to be installed in 1923 they wrote: “no other building in the State can compare with this fine church in this respect, and doubtless few South Australians have any idea that so much beauty can be found in any sacred edifice in or around Adelaide” - surely a statement which is just as true today. In 2017, following a very successful appeal through the National Trust, the Great West Window, depicting themes of resurrection, was fully restored at a cost of some $100 000. As custodians of this important part of South Australian heritage, the Anglican Parish of Glenelg is undertaking a new appeal with the National Trust. This appeal will focus on the considerable preventative and restoration work required to keep the heritage listed Church, Memorial garden and Rectory in good repair. Historic properties need constant care and there is a growing list of necessary repairs including guttering and roofing work, salt damp in the organ room, which houses the significant organ built by Fincham and Hobday in 1888 and new protection for all the lower stained glass windows.
PICT UR E D ( L E FT TO R I GH T ) :
Top left: St Peter's Anglican Church Glenelg. Top right: St Peter's key in stained glass. Bottom right: Morphett memorial. Left: Sanctuary.
This long-term appeal through the National Trust of South Australia will target specific conservation projects to be undertaken each year. If you would like to donate to this work, you can do so through the National Trust website at www.nationaltrust.org.au/donate-sa
Feel free to visit the church Sunday mornings or Tuesday-Friday, 9am-3pm or take the 360 degree tour on the St Peter’s Anglican Church website. www.glenelganglican.org.au/
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§ M embership
By becoming a member of the National Trust you will enjoy a range of discounts and other benefits, including free entry and discounts to many National Trust properties in Australia and around the world, as well as supporting our ongoing work to protect and preserve our heritage. MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION FORM
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Conditions of membership Concession memberships apply to Australian Pensioner, Concession Card holders, Healthcare Card holders, Disability Concession and full-time students. Memberships are not transferrable. Only the person named on the card may use it. Your current membership card must be presented to gain free or discounted entry.
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Post completed membership form to: National Trust of South Australia Beaumont House 631 Glynburn Rd Beaumont SA 5066 § page
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Or scan and email to: admin@nationaltrustsa.org.au Or call (08) 8202 9200
B urra B an k gift
§
New life for old
bank in Burra
PI C T UR E D:
Left: The bank has been a prominent feature of Market Street since the 1860's. Above: The bank today in the care of the National Trust.
The National Trust has taken possession of the former National Australia Bank located in the centre of Burra at 1 Market Street. The building was gifted to the Trust following a decision to close the branch in 2018. The gift will enable the Trust to preserve the State Heritage listed building and adapt it to a new community purpose.
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he bank building was completed in 1862, to a design by leading colonial architect Edmund Wright, who also designed Adelaide landmarks such as the General Post Office, the West Wing of Parliament House and the former Bank of South Australia, now known as Edmund Wright House on King William Street. It operated for 156 years as a bank, incorporating a well-proportioned manager’s residence, with three large bedrooms in the upper storey.
Built at a cost of £1500, in an elegant Georgian style, it was one of the first outlets for the National Bank of Australasia. Another opened in Kapunda at the same time. The South Australian Register (15 March 1862) included the following description:
The building today is highly intact and includes an extensive walled outdoor area and an outdoor pergola shaded by a massive grapevine. There is work to be done to restore and refresh the interiors and adapt the commercial spaces for public use.
It stands on rising ground, facing Market Square, at the bend of Commercial Street, leading to the Institute and Telegraph and Post Offices. It is built of neatly pointed stonework, with stuccoed pilasters, window and door dressings, and is surmounted by a bold cornice, also stuccoed, behind which rises the galvanised iron roof. The interior, though plain, is in keeping with the exterior, and is as replete with every convenience both for the public and the Manager, as it could well be. The private entrance is at the side (the building being situated at the corner of a cross street) and that for the public at the corner.
However, there are already plenty of ideas in the pipeline for future uses. National Trust Vice-President George Hobbs, at the handover ceremony, said the Trust was very grateful to have the opportunity to bring a new life to the building. “It is just a huge opportunity for us to have a central base in town, we are planning to use it as a Burra base for our artisan trades academy,” Mr Hobbs said. “We can use it for other purposes as well, we haven’t fully developed all our ideas yet, but we are really appreciative of receiving the building.” Watch this space!
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§ T he N ational T rust of S outh Australia
your Trust PUBLISHER
National Trust of South Australia Beaumont House 631 Glynburn Road Beaumont SA 5066 T: 08 8202 9200 F: 08 8202 9201 E: publications@nationaltrustsa.org.au W: www.nationaltrust.org.au/sa DESIGN
Dessein T: 08 9228 0661 E: tracy@dessein.com.au DISTRIBUTION
Heritage Living is published four times a year. PP 536155/0036 ISSN 0815-7871 FRONT COVER:
PRESIDENT
PATRON IN CHIEF
Ms Deborah Morgan
His Excellency the Honourable
VICE PRESIDENT
COUNCILLORS
Dr Liz Burge Mr Bob Cornwell Dr Walter Dollman Mr James Harvey Mr Eric Heapy Mr Paul Leadbeter Mr Brian McMillan Mrs Caren Martin Ms Kath Rayner Ms Heidi Thompson NTSA STATE OFFICE STAFF
Dr Darren Peacock Chief Executive Officer
Mr Christopher Grant Natural Heritage Manager Ms Allison Russell A/Public Programs Manager Mr Mario Russo Assets Manager Ms Joseanne Visentin Senior Administration Officer COUNCIL COMMITTEES
Audit, Finance and Governance Collections, Regions and Branches Cultural Heritage Advisory Natural Heritage Advisory NTSA LOCAL BRANCHES (45)
Ardrossan, Burnside, Coromandel Valley, Gawler, Port of Adelaide, Tea Tree Gully, Ceduna, Cleve, Koppio, Streaky Bay, Tumby Bay, Whyalla, Auburn, Burra, Clare, Jamestown, Port Pirie, Barmera, Overland Corner, Renmark, Waikerie, Beachport, Glencoe, Keith, Kingston SE, Millicent, Mount Gambier, Naracoorte, Penola, Robe, Goolwa, Hahndorf, Kingscote KI, Mount Barker, Mount Lofty, Penneshaw, Port Elliot, Strathalbyn, Victor Harbor, Willunga, Central Yorke Peninsula, Kadina, Minlaton, Moonta, Wallaroo. Telephone (08) 8202 9200 for contact / information details on the website.
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Governor of South Australia
Mr George Hobbs
Ms Helen Cartmel Executive Administrator
Demolition of bluestone villa in Glenunga Photo: George Hobbs
Hieu Van Le AC
Supporters The National Trust of South Australia acknowledges its partners and supporters. CIVIC PARTNERS
Adelaide City Council CORPORATE PARTNERS
Beerenberg Farms Bickfords Coopers Laucke Flour Mills Piper Alderman Tech-Dry Wines by Geoff Hardy GOVERNMENT RELATIONSHIPS
Australian Government –– Department of the Environment and Energy –– National Library of Australia South Australian Government –– Department of the Environment and Water –– SA Water –– History Trust of South Australia
G
T A E R
US E O H T O N RD EN M U GA B EA
BIG
27 APRIL 11am – 4pm
E T A D Y A L P AGES! F U N FO R A L L
Join us in the garden for one more glorious playdate before school goes back. Kids who love animals will make a bee line for the petting zoo. Kids who love dressing up will get kitted up in the dress-up tent, and sporty kids can try quoits, marbles, skipping or croquet. Crafty kids can make dolls and sketch, and curious kids can learn more about the garden and its secrets. When you need a rest, sit in the shade of the trees and enjoy storytelling, Morris dancing and a one man band. Bring a picnic or buy food from the food truck. Devonshire teas will be served all day.
vonshire Teas and more... e D • g n l li toryte S • s t f Cra -ups • s s e r •D g zoo n Beaumont House Garden i t t e P
$5 adults, $2 children
631 Glynburn Road, Beaumont
For more information visit www.nationaltrust.org.au/sa