National Trust (NSW) Magazine - January to March 2021 by The National Trusts in Australia

NATIONAL TRUST NEW SOUTH WALES JANUARY â&#x20AC;&#x201C; MARCH 2021 MAGAZINE

IN THIS ISSUE NATIONAL TRUST HERITAGE AWARD WINNERS THE PROBLEM WITH MOVING BUILDINGS ART & ACTIVISM: PE TER KINGSTON

CONTENTS

Inside Welcome to our first edition of the New South Wales National Trust Magazine for 2021. We start the new year with features on the history of moving buildings, Sydney's early fountains, the art and advocacy of Peter Kingston and an exciting new science exhibition at Old Government House. We also showcase the winners of the latest National Trust Heritage Awards. We hope you enjoy this edition and we look forward to sharing more stories of heritage throughout the year.

NATIONAL TRUST NEW SOUTH WALES JANUARY – MARCH 2021 MAGA ZINE

IN THIS ISSUE NATIONAL TRUST HERITAGE AWARD WINNERS THE PROBLEM WITH MOVING BUILDINGS ART & ACTIVISM: PE TER KINGSTON

From the President Neil Wykes OAM

From the CEO Debbie Mills

Protect Why Protecting 'Parra' Matters

Protect The Importance of Place

Celebrate National Trust Heritage Award Winners

Conserve Beyond the Tank Stream

Reflect Lamenting the Lost Ferries

Explore Science in the Great Southern Land

Calendar Old Government House in 2021

Calendar Events and Tours

Member Moments In Conversation with Lynn Calluaud

National Trust (NSW)

Cover image Marrickville Library in Sydney's inner west won the Judges' Choice award at the National Trust Heritage Awards 2020. More than just a library, the beautiful building and pavilion are a new town square for the suburb. Marrickville Library was entered by Inner West Council, GML Heritage and BVN (photograph by Tom Roe). Read about this year's winners on pages 8–11.

National Trust (NSW) Observatory Hill, Millers Point, Sydney 2000 GPO Box 518, Sydney 2001 Telephone: (02) 9258 0123 Fax: (02) 9251 1110 www.nationaltrust.org.au/nsw President: Mr Neil Wykes OAM CEO: Debbie Mills Editor: Andrew Sedger Designer: Lauren Sutherland Editorial Committee: David Burdon, Nicole Crabb, Debbie Mills, Gaetano Sanacore, Richard Silink, Anja Stride, Lyndal Stuart, Anne Weinman. The New South Wales National Trust Magazine is published by the National Trust of Australia (New South Wales). Published articles reflect the opinions of the authors and are not necessarily reflective of the views of the National Trust. This magazine is printed by Enviropress, a division of Bright Print Group, on paper that is independently certified by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), carbon neutral and made with 100% recycled post-consumer waste in a chlorine-free environment.

VISION

From the President BY NEIL WYKES OAM

Dear Members, Welcome to 2021 and here’s to happy new year ahead. At our Annual General Meeting at the end of 2020, I suggested one of the big issues for the National Trust is preservation of trees and the preservation of our rural landscape, parklands, streetscapes and bushland. All our branches and properties across the whole of New South Wales will be fighting to save our landscape and the precious trees that are needed to help minimise the impact of global warming. Science will guide us as we protect and in some cases replace trees. One thing is for certain, we’re all valuing the expertise and wonder of science in the hope it will forge a new future for us in terms of health across the world. Of course, science is about discovery, wonder, seeking answers to the universe’s greatest questions – and that has inspired an exhibition at the World Heritage listed Old Government House in Parramatta that will run from 27 February to 28 November 2021. You can read more about this in the edition that follows. On the topic of Parramatta, I recommend you read David Burdon’s feature on ‘Parra’ – on why its heritage matters, on the specific topic of Willow Grove, and the considerations of one of New South Wales’ great cities and its history and story going forward.

Right Back row from left to right: David Pratt, Meredith Hutton, Neil Wykes OA, Elizabeth Farrelly, John Richardson, Fenella Kernebone, Kathryn Pitkin AM. Front row from left to right: Keith Parsons, Debbie Mills, Caroline Mackaness, Susan Hunt, Ian Stephenson, Clive Lucas OBE. Absent: The Hon Garry Downes AM.

We are also bidding farewell to a great conservationist within the National Trust team. Our Deputy Chief Executive Officer, Richard Silink, will be leaving us. In his seven years at the National Trust, Richard has accomplished so much. He has provided expert guidance on the management, interpretation and the heritage values of our properties across the state, and he has brought his hallmark warmth, generous spirit and care for people and place to work with him every day. I would like to thank Richard for his dedication to the National Trust on behalf of the Board of Directors. January – March 2021

I also want to recognise the significant contribution of outgoing Board member, Noel Burgess. Noel provided valuable insights to the Board, particularly from his role as a Property Treasurer and brought to the planning for the next five years of the Trust new and exciting thinking. It is a great privilege to serve this wonderful organisation and we all thank you for your ongoing support.

ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING

2021 Board of Directors The National Trust of Australia (NSW) Board of Directors for 2021 was announced at the Annual General Meeting in November 2020. The Board of Directors is as follows: Mr Neil Wykes OAM, President (re-elected) Ms Susan Hunt, Deputy President (re-elected) Mr David Pratt, Treasurer (continuing) The Hon Garry Downes AM (continuing) Dr Elizabeth Farrelly (newly elected) Ms Meredith Hutton (continuing) Ms Fenella Kernebone (re-elected) Dr Clive Lucas OBE (continuing) Ms Caroline Mackaness (continuing) Mr Keith Parsons (continuing) Ms Kathryn Pitkin, AM (continuing) Mr John Richardson (re-elected) Mr Ian Stephenson (re-elected) Ms Debbie Mills, Chief Executive Officer (appointed)

LOOKING FORWARD

From the Chief Executive Officer BY DEBBIE MILLS

Dear Members, I think I can safely say that we are all delighted to be starting a fresh new year in 2021. Restrictions are lifting and borders are opening in Australia. We are living and working in a new environment of QR codes, physical distance and hygiene management, but it is wonderful to be able to reconnect and celebrate. We concluded 2020 with the virtual launch of our 75th Anniversary of the National Trust of Australia (NSW) and the airing of our short documentary. In 2021, we can celebrate in person. We are holding special open day events at our properties across the state. Our event program is available online with a wonderful array of things to see and do from February to May, including sand painting at Old Government House, listening to opera at Dundullimal, and the opening of the Australian Wildlife Sanctuary at Bargo. We invite you to: • S earch for ‘National Trust (NSW) 75th Anniversary’ on YouTube to watch our anniversary launch video. • S earch for ‘75 Years of the National Trust’ on YouTube to watch our documentary.

• S ee the event program online at nationaltrust.org.au/75years-calendar • View our 75th Anniversary online exhibition at nationaltrust.org.au/exhibitions/ 75th-anniversary In late in 2020 we farewelled Julie Blyth, who was the National Trust Archivist for the past 26 years. Julie was the font of knowledge for all things National Trust and indispensable in support of our advocacy, conservation, government and media engagement. The National Trust archives and our National Trust Register are both invaluable resources for the state and country. The hundreds of thousands of items in the archive is sought out by so many people in their quest for knowledge on heritage. As we considered the National Trust Register listing of Enfield Tarpaulin Factory, I was in awe of the depth of research provided through our archives. I hope you enjoy this edition of our magazine and I look forward to seeing you, your family and friends at our 75th Anniversary events.

MEMENTO

Enfield Tarpaulin Factory The National Trust (NSW) has recently added the former NSW Government Railways Tarpaulin Factory to its register. With the electrification of the suburban railway network in the 1920s, several buildings from Sydney Yard (now Central Station) were disassembled. Originally built in 1892, the Hay Shed and Transhipping Shed were re-erected as parallel sheds at the southern end of the Enfield Yard, to house the manufacture and maintenance of railway tarpaulins. Most cast-iron buildings in New South Wales were imported (such as the Sydney Mint Building), however this is a rare surviving example of a cast and wrought iron structure that was locally manufactured, at the Darlington Ironworks. The Tarpaulin Factory operated from 1925 to 1991, supplying a key ancillary product for the railway network for 66 years. It also made an important wartime contribution, fabricating canvas products such as tents, stretchers, gun covers and canvas water bags.

National Trust (NSW)

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PROTECT

Why Protecting ‘Parra’ Matters BY DAVID BURDON, CONSERVATION DIRECTOR

Parramatta is now, perhaps more than any other time in its history, at a crossroads. The direction that’s chosen will have a lasting impact on this unique and historic city. Parramatta was the first place in Australia to be given a name by Europeans that was based on an Aboriginal name. Thought to refer to ‘the place where the eels lie down’, the Burramuttagal people had long recognised the importance of the river. A current observer could be excused for thinking that Parramatta instead means ‘the second CBD’, so prominent is the language of those promoting the city’s growth. Growth and development need not be at the expense of Parramatta’s history and heritage, and the best cities in the world show that both new and old can coexist in a meaningful way. But actions speak louder than words. The construction of numerous towers of over 150 metres in height adjacent to the historic Lennox Bridge (1836–1839), which spans 23 metres across the river, reduces this vital waterway to a puddle. The Parramatta River should be a place where people are overjoyed, not overshadowed.

site is a potential jewel in the crown – the equivalent of Sydney’s Rocks but in a parkland setting. It is too precious to lose and too important to see as a development opportunity. In time, the Female Factory could join Old Government House as a World Heritage Site, but only if we treat it properly in the interim.

Below The Female Factory site, Parramatta (image from the National Trust archives).

The National Trust will continue to advocate for a vibrant, new, accessible and diverse Parramatta that celebrates its location beside the river and engages with its history in a meaningful way.

The proposals for Parramatta will keep coming thick and fast, and the risk is that its historic fabric and setting will continue to be eroded when they should be the starting point for a city with its own unique identity. Parramatta has many recognised heritage sites, including St John's Cathedral, the oldest continuous church site in Australia, and the National Trust's Old Government House. But more needs to be done. The Female Factory January – March 2021

PROTECT

The Importance of Place BY DAVID BURDON, CONSERVATION DIRECTOR

Proposals to move historically significant buildings to more convenient locations have gained significant public attention recently, but this is not always a good heritage outcome. From the outset, the National Trust (NSW) has opposed demolition of Willow Grove house to make way for the new Powerhouse Museum at Parramatta. In recent weeks, a ‘compromise’ has been put forward, suggesting the building should be carefully dismantled and then re-erected in a more convenient location, across the other side of the Parramatta River in the historic Cumberland District Hospital precinct. Any number of precedents have been cited as justification for such a proposal. However, this overly-simplistic solution ignores a number of fundamental issues. The politics of moving large structures has a long history. When Caligula moved an obelisk from Alexandria to Rome in 37 AD it was a clear expression that power had shifted from Pharaoh to Caesar — something no doubt on the mind of Pope Sixtus V when he moved it again to its current location out the front of St Peter’s Basilica in 1586. Perhaps these precedents were on the mind of Governor Macquarie when he approved an obelisk as the first permanent monument built in Australia? In some cases, the moving of buildings has simply been a fashionable pursuit. In 1926, newspaper magnate William Randolph Hearst imported the entire monastery of St. Bernard de Clairvaux from Spain to the United States, one of several dozen medieval buildings imported (often illegally) into the US in the early 20th century. The story is both fascinating and cautionary. The Great Depression meant that a pile of 10,571 crates remained in a Bronx warehouse for more than 30 years before the contents were finally reassembled in Miami in 1952, long after the plans that accompanied the numbered boxes had gone missing.

Other Americans keen to own an historic property had to be outbid in 1933 when the owner of a cottage in Yorkshire, placed the building on the market. Melbourne philanthropist Russell Grimwade thought that the building with (rather tenuous) connections to Captain James Cook would make an ideal focus piece for Victoria's centenary in 1934. Dismantled and shipped to Melbourne in 253 packing cases, the cottage found a new home in Fitzroy Gardens. Despite efforts to transport the complete building (including bringing a cutting of the ivy) recent archaeological investigations in Yorkshire have uncovered the original footings still in England. One of the best-known examples of moving a house in Sydney is that of Richmond Villa, the sandstone Gothic Revival home Colonial Architect Mortimer Lewis built for himself in 1849. Today the house is located in Kent Street, where it was reassembled after making way for the expansion of Parliament House in 1975. Exactly 100 years earlier, a prefabricated chapel imported from Glasgow was disassembled on the site immediately behind Richmond Villa when, in 1875, St. Stephen’s ‘Iron Church’ was moved to the Lidcombe Hospital precinct where it remained until 1962. When a new St. Stephen’s Church was proposed opposite Parliament in 1933, it required demolition of Burdekin House (1841). Saving ‘the finest house in the Colony’ was an early cause célèbre for the conservation movement in NSW. In an ironic twist of fate, six of its timber verandah columns were acquired by the owner of St. Malo (c.1856) at Hunters Hill to replace the existing columns there. Despite a lengthy campaign by the National Trust, St. Malo was itself demolished in 1960 to make way for the Gladesville Bridge. Two of the columns ended up in Scone. Recent proposals to remove and relocate Willow Grove, a circa 1886 house at Parramatta, have cited such precedents to justify the idea. Indeed, in 1928 the original St. Andrew’s Church (designed by David Lennox and completed in 1849)

National Trust (NSW)

Clockwise, from top Willow Grove (image from the National Trust archives); Early stage in removal of Sydney's GPO clocktower in 1942 (image from City of Sydney Archives); Transporting crates of dismantled Cook's Cottage through Melbourne, 1934 (photograph by Russell Grimwade, from the University of Melbourne Archives); Richmond Villa in its original location facing the Domain, c. 1950 (image courtesy Society of Australian Genealogists).

was moved from just down the road to its current site in Wentworthville. So why not move Willow Grove? The National Trust has three key objections to this proposal. Firstly, the majority of examples cited are of solid sandstone – a construction method generally far easier to disassemble and reconstruct, as was done with the Sydney GPO clocktower during World War II. Willow Grove is a cement-rendered, brick house with internal plaster walls, and lath and plaster ceilings. Very little of this original fabric will survive dismantling, no matter how carefully done. Secondly, location is an important part of the building’s significance. Its very name reflects its riverside setting and is a reason why Willow Grove was identified in the 2017 Parramatta Civic Link Framework Plan as a ‘critical connection between the Civic Link and River Precinct’.

When the 1928 Hornsby Signal Box was ingeniously moved 150 metres down the line in 2007, the brick structure was relocated to a position where it still retained a logical connection to the railway precinct it was built to serve. To move what is architecturally a rather standard house to a random location is not justifiable on cost or heritage grounds. The final objection is often forgotten in the current discussion – the impact on the proposed relocation site itself. The Cumberland District Hospital precinct is a place with its own very special significance, which would be negatively impacted by the imposition of what will essentially be a domestic house in an institutional setting. The effective relocation of Willow Grove is not practical nor justified, and Cumberland District Hospital deserves more than a replica doll’s house in its important cultural landscape.

January – March 2021

CELEBRATE

National Trust Heritage Awards 2020: The Winners BY LYNDAL STUART, MARKETING AND COMMUNICATIONS DIRECTOR

In a year like no other, the National Trust Heritage Awards attracted a record number of more than 130 entries. Announced via a special online ceremony in November, the winners range from an old grain silo tucked away in northern New South Wales to an art installation at a bustling city train station.

National Trust (NSW)

During much of 2020 we found ourselves isolated from community, disconnected from the places we love, and restricted in our ability to explore and discover heritage. It has never been more important, at such a time, to celebrate and recognise professional and communityled dedication to conserving, enhancing, protecting, interpreting and sharing our stories of people and places, past and present. Heightened Covid-19 restrictions were in place in May at exactly the time the National Trust (NSW) would ordinarily host its annual Heritage Awards ceremony at Doltone House. Instead of cancelling the awards we decided to postpone and adapt them, in the ongoing interests of community health and safety. In its 26th year, the National Trust Heritage Awards went virtual for the first time with a ceremony filmed at Lindesay, and broadcast on 12 November via the National Trust (NSW) YouTube channel. Well known presenter and Board member, Fenella Kernebone, was joined on screen – of course – by the winners and a great line up of speakers, including the NSW Government Minister responsible for Heritage, Don Harwin; Heritage Council of NSW Chair, Frank Howarth; and futurist, author and innovator, Mark Pesce.

An extraordinary 23 winners were announced, including a surprise Presidents’ Prize, awarded to the Mulloon Institute for its efforts to conserve our natural heritage. Reintroduced this year was a category for projects and initiatives that celebrate and foster a greater understanding of Aboriginal heritage. The winners of this popular category were Orange City Council’s project, The Springs, and the Darug Caring-as-Country Project in the Hawkesbury region.

Left to right Highly Commended, Adaptive reuse: The Signal Box Pavilion – Derive Architecture & Design; Winner, Education & Interpretation: Marrickville Library & Pavilion, Pateygarang Place – Inner West Council; Winner, Continuing Tradition: The Yallamundi Rooms, Sydney Opera House – Sydney Opera House Trust, Tonkin Zulaikha Greer, Design 5 Architects & Patterson Building Group.

The greatly anticipated Judges’ Choice award went to the new Marrickville Library in Sydney’s inner west. “This beautiful public facility is more than a library, it’s a new town square for Marrickville, which is helping to bring the whole community together,” said Inner West Mayor, Darcy Byrne, on hearing the news. As ever, the standard of entries was overwhelmingly impressive, with the jurors deliberating for a day over Zoom, led by Judging Committee chair and National Trust Conservation Director, David Burdon. Throughout all the changes and adaptations, the National Trust had the generous support of the NSW Government through the Heritage Council of NSW, which was greatly appreciated.

January – March 2021

National Trust (NSW)

Congratulations to each and every one of the deserving winners in the National Trust Heritage Awards for 2020. ABORIGINAL HERITAGE

EDUCATION & INTERPRETATION

The Springs: an Aboriginal Journey, Orange Orange City Council

Education: Devoted Service, Anzac Memorial, Hyde Park The Trustees of the Anzac Memorial Building

Darug Caring-as-Country Project, Yellomundee Regional Park Yanama Budyari Gumada Collective

Interpretation: Marrickville Library & Pavilion, Pateygarang Place, Marrickville Inner West Council

ADAPTIVE RE-USE

HERITAGE EVENTS, EXHIBITIONS & TOURS

Marrickville Library and Pavilion, Marrickville Inner West Council, GML Heritage and BVN

Tours: The Stranger’s Guide, Sydney City of Sydney

Bulli Railway Guesthouse, Bulli Resin Brewing ADVOCACY Roxy Theatre Action Group, Parramatta Roxy Theatre Action Group CONSERVATION BUILT HERITAGE Old Dromana Grain Silo, Bullarah NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service Leichhardt Town Hall, Leichhardt Inner West Council James Street Bridge, Lithgow Sydney Trains, Aurecon, Abergeldie, Shreeji Consultant and Artisan of Stone CONSERVATION INTERIORS & OBJECTS Interiors: State Theatre Conservation of the Butterfly Room, Sydney State Theatre, Urbis & International Conservation Services Objects: The Forgotten Works of Pixie O’Harris and Olaf Harris, Taree MidCoast Stories and Manning Regional Art Gallery CONSERVATION LANDSCAPE Mulloon Rehydration Initiative (Stage 1), Mulloon Mulloon Institute CONTINUING TRADITION The Yallamundi Rooms, Sydney Opera House, Sydney Sy dney Opera House Trust, Tonkin Zulaikha Greer, Design 5 Architects & Patterson Building Group

Events: We open the line in 1979 – The Eastern Suburb Railway Turns 40!, Sydney Sydney Trains, UBW, Art of Multimedia, Barocky Chocky, and the National Film and Sound Archive

Opposite: Clockwise from top left Winner, Adaptive Re-use: Bulli Railway Guesthouse restoration and adaptive reuse as a microbrewery and restaurant – Resin Brewing; Winner, Conservation Built Heritage: Old Dromana Grain Silo – NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service; Lifetime Achievement Award: Alan Croker; Winner, Heritage Resources & Publications: Australia Modern: Architecture, Landscape & Design 1925–1975 –Thames & Hudson Australia; Highly Commended. Adaptive Re-use: Chelmsford Hall – Mike Macauley Architects.

HERITAGE RESOURCES & PUBLICATIONS Resources: The Timber Truss Bridge Book Transport for NSW Publications: Australia Modern: Architecture, Landscape & Design 1925–1975 Thames & Hudson Australia PRESIDENTS’ PRIZE Mulloon Rehydration Initiative (Stage 1), Mulloon Mulloon Institute CATHY DONNELLY MEMORIAL AWARD Jacqueline Goddard HERITAGE SKILLS AWARD Michael Bielby LIFETIME ACHIEVEMENT AWARD Alan Croker JUDGES’ CHOICE Marrickville Library and Pavilion

The National Trust Heritage Awards is proudly supported by the NSW Government through the Heritage Council of NSW.

Watch It Online Did you miss the awards ceremony when it went live on 12 November 2020? Don't worry: you can still watch it online. Visit youtube.com and search ‘National Trust Heritage Awards 2020' to see all the winners and find out more about the categories and awards.

January – March 2021

CONSERVE

Beyond the Tank Stream BY TONY BRASSIL, INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE SPECIALIST

Before Sydney’s first reticulated public water system was constructed, parts of the settlement sourced fresh water from two little-remembered fountains, leaving a surprising and lasting impression on the city we know today. Most people have heard of Sydney’s original water supply, the Tank Stream, and its “finest spring of water”, which soon became dirty and polluted. However, not everybody in the colony relied on this stream. The discovery of a natural spring, and providing ready access to it for the settlement’s leading residents, was key to the early arrangement of Sydney Town. According to a description published by John Stockdale in 1792, the first Government House in Bridge Street was close to an ‘excellent spring of water’. When Governor Macquarie laid down his plan for Sydney 18 years later, he included nearby Bent Street ‘extending from Spring Row in an easterly direction to the Fountain, and thence to the north end of Phillip-street’. In the modern era, the word ‘fountain’ tends to refer to a sculptured water feature, often in a public context. In the early 19th century, the word was commonly used to describe a public water source. It evolved directly from the Old French word ‘fontaine’, which meant a natural spring or spring of water that collects in a pool.

a considerable Expence to Government ...the Whole to be en closed with a strong Palisade, having a Gate for Persons to enter at for Water.” The same week, the Sydney Gazette reported: ‘A few years back, the spring that now supplies this beautiful and comparatively capacious reservoir lavished its transparent stream beneath a little rock unheeded but by a few of the contiguous inhabitants ...The first receptacle, or stone octagon prepared for it ...has received the addition of a much larger cistern ...and many are thither invited by the salubrity of its waters, from the most distant parts of Sydney.’ It is no coincidence that the Governor’s combined residence and office was the closest building to the fountain (and the spring of water that preceded it). Other nearby buildings were all government residences, occupied by the

In 1812, Isaac Peyton was paid £88 to erect a new public fountain in Bent Street. In 1815, stonemason Edward Cureton was paid £5 to repair it. A year later, Governor Macquarie announced that he had: “caused a large Stone Cistern, or Reservoir to be constructed adjoining the Fountain, in Bent street, in order to receive the surplus Water from thence, and a Pump having been placed thereon for the Use and Accommodation of the Inhabitants of Sydney, and these Works having been completed at

National Trust (NSW)

Left to right Corner of O'Connell Street & Bent Street [a view], 1853, by William Butler Simpson (source Dixon Library online catalogue); A painting by Conrad Martens which comes with the description: ‘The villa in a park with exotic trees, demarcated by a fence, in the foreground darkskinned figures next to a fountain monument’, 1839 (source State Library online catalogue).

Commissary, the Judge Advocate, the Chaplain of the Colony and the Government Surveyor. Government ownership of this land continues to the present day. Meanwhile, the ‘common’ people, convicts and soldiers were located on the opposite side of the Tank Stream, ensuring that the ‘good water’ remained reserved for upper ranks. No plans or drawings of Macquarie’s original arrangement of stone octagon and cistern have been discovered. However, sketches from the 1840s and 1850s show a low stone wall surmounted by eight classical columns supporting an octagonal domed roof. A gap in the wall between two columns on the western side allowed people to enter the octagon to obtain water. After 1844, Sydney’s first reticulated water supply for the general public was piped from Busby’s Bore, and the old fountain became a public drinking fountain. The open arches were filled in and water bowls were fitted into some of the faces of the octagon, which survived as a local amenity and landmark until circa 1905. The Macquarie Place Fountain Down the hill from Bent Street, a second fountain was built, probably accessing water from the same spring. The Macquarie Place fountain is better known than its counterpart, partly owing to the fuss its construction caused. Cureton was contracted again in 1819 to erect it. In September that year, Commissioner John Bigge arrived from England to investigate the administration of the colony and was extremely critical of Macquarie’s penchant for elaborate buildings and monuments, including the fountain. Bigge’s report records

that Cureton had been building it slowly, working on Saturdays only, until Elizabeth Macquarie instructed him to cease work, demolish what had been done and start again using a new design by architect Francis Greenway. The fountain appears to have been completed around 1820 as a square pavilion with a domed roof and arched openings on each side, the western opening being a full-height doorway. It stood in the south-western corner of Macquarie Place, where a statue of Sir Thomas Mort now stands. The Macquarie Place fountain operated much as the Bent Street fountain, with people bringing buckets to be filled as a daily chore. The nearest buildings were houses of the colonial elite and offices of the government and leading merchants, so it might be assumed this chore was performed by servants – a task so mundane as to be rarely mentioned in the writings of the educated classes. After water from Busby’s Bore became available, the Macquarie Place fountain was also remodelled to serve as a public drinking fountain. The arches were filled and a doorway installed in the main opening. Water faucets and bowls were added on one or two faces. A plaque was also added, commemorating Mayor Oatley, who only served for one year, suggesting that this remodelling occurred in 1862. By the 1880s, the Macquarie Place fountain was dilapidated and unneeded, so it was demolished. The Tank Stream may have brought the First Fleet to Sydney Cove but it was the ‘fountain’ on the eastern side that really determined the layout of Sydney.

January – March 2021

REFLECT

Lamenting the Lost Ferries BY JANE WATTERS, S.H. ERVIN GALLERY DIRECTOR

Leading up to the summer opening of his latest exhibition in the S.H. Ervin Gallery at the National Trust Centre, celebrated Australian artist and heritage activist Peter Kingston shares his love of Sydney Harbour and its fast-vanishing classic ferries. Peter Kingston’s fascination with Sydney Harbour began during an idyllic childhood at Parsley Bay. Born in 1943, he has spent much of his life looking at and being inspired by the harbour’s magic – the changing moods and play of light on the water, the iconic Opera House and Luna Park on its shores, and the visual excitement created by its ferries. “After living overseas, I moved to Lavender Bay and loved watching the comings and goings of Hegarty’s ferry service, which consisted of a fleet of wooden ferries,” Kingston said. “We all got to know the rope throwers and a trip on these quaint ferries was so much fun. Eventually Hegarty’s were excluded from docking at Circular Quay and inevitably their service ceased which was sad.” Kingston was particularly fond of the Lady class ferries, which began carrying passengers across the harbour in the 1960s, and feature in many of his artworks. Despite public campaigns and a personal call by the artist for them to be saved, the last two were decommissioned in 2017. “Now the double-ended Freshwater ferries, designed by Walter Reeks, are also under threat. These ferries are the right scale for Sydney Harbour and they should be retained,” Kingston urged. “Cities like Hong Kong have the iconic Star ferry service which connects Hong Kong Island to Kowloon, so to now witness the end of our great ferries on the harbour servicing the route between the Quay and Manly is a tragedy. “Standing out the front of the ferry during a huge swell and being showered with water is almost a rite of passage for Sydneysiders. Catching the ferry to the Zoo is one of the greatest days out for kids – filled with wonder and anticipation.” The influence that the harbour and its ferries have had on Kingston’s creative life is clear in the latest survey exhibition 14

of his work, First Light: The art of Peter Kingston, which opens at the S.H. Ervin Gallery this summer. Curated by Barry Pearce, emeritus curator of Australian Art at the Art Gallery of NSW, this important exhibition features key paintings and drawings from both public and private collections, as well as a small group of display cases with selections of Kingston’s artist books, prints, sketchbooks and memorabilia, and a wunderkabinet containing nostalgic relics of his earlier incarnation as pop-illustrator-satirist. Versatile and multi-talented, with a natural ability for drawing, Kingston was inspired from an early age by films and comics to create quirky cartoons and illustrations, later contributing to university magazines and the infamous Oz magazine of the 1960s. In the early 1970s, he became part of Martin Sharp’s Yellow House collective in Potts Point, where he also experimented with film-making. Then in 1974, Kingston purchased a house next door to Brett Whiteley in Lavender Bay, giving him a vantage point from where he could study his favourite subject matter at all times of day or night. After the move, he went on to create some of his most impressive works. “These are the revelatory crux of the exhibition – draughtsman and painter recording a natural, spectacular synergy between nature and civilisation,” Pearce writes in his notes for the exhibition. “Through the great fluid energy and character of the Emerald City, its changing moods, the perpetual ebb and flow of ferries, Kingston has frequently featured its iconic Opera House, an epicentre of grand spaces of surrounding waterways framed by skylines of human activity. Night or day, he has responded to its evanescent beauty through his pictorial symphonies. “The central factor in Kingston’s plunge forward into the next three decades until the present day, was simply a conquest of the difficult alchemy of oil painting. He may have made this

National Trust (NSW)

Above Peter in 2015 aboard his own little boat (photograph by Jan Cork). Right from top MV Jørn Utzon 1999, oil on canvas 150 x 180 cm; Lady Herron II 2014, oil on canvas 111 x 141cm; Rope thrower Luke 1998, oil on canvas 64 x 86cm (all images courtesy the Beagle Press).

conquest earlier had he attended an art school rather than enrolled in architecture in the early 1960s to satisfy his parents’ anxiety for him to find a sustainable career. However, the prospect of full-time painting hovered early in his imagination regardless of the challenge it would inevitably present, waiting to nudge his humorous preoccupations off-stage.” Ever the activist, Kingston looks upon the exhibition as a chronicle of Sydney’s harbour life that also serves as a reminder of the lamentable passing of its majestic ferries. “To quote Oscar Wilde, those deciding the fate of our ferries ‘know the price of everything and the value of nothing’. I have no doubt that they will prevail as Sydneysiders have become complacent to change and do not stand up enough for anything of value,” he warned. “I feel like the loss of these ferries is like the loss of Sydney’s soul and wonder when all this madness will end.”

VISIT First Light: the Art of Peter Kingston is showing at the S.H. Ervin Gallery, 2 Watson Road, Millers Point, Sydney at Observatory Hill in The Rocks, from 5 December 2020 to 14 February 2021 (closed 21 December to 1 January inclusive). Because of Covid-19 requirements, visitors must pre-book tickets to view the exhibition. For more information visit shervingallery.com.au or phone (02) 9258 0173.

January – March 2021

EXPLORE

Science in the Great Southern Land BY ANNA RIDLEY, EXHIBITION CURATOR

An exciting new exhibition opening in February at Old Government House showcases scientific discoveries in the early years of the colony. Enquiring Minds: Exploration and discovery in colonial New South Wales delves into the linked histories of astronomy, navigation and botany, and their impact on the colony’s development. In the spirit of exploration, innovation and progress, the National Trust partnered with Western Sydney University academics and students to bring these stories to life through digital interpretation. Featuring objects from collections held by the National Trust (NSW) and other institutions, the exhibition looks at the history of scientific endeavour in New South Wales from Aboriginal astronomy to the voyages of Captain Cook and Philip Parker King, and the formation of local scientific societies in the 1860s. From the first European voyages along the east coast of Australia, scientific discovery went hand in hand with exploration. These early voyages were reliant on astronomy for fixing locations and keeping accurate time. Importantly, the ships’ crews were accompanied by botanists, naturalists and artists to record the exotic flora and fauna of the ‘new’ world. These pursuits continued after the arrival of the First Fleet, with the creation of charts for navigation, exploration of land for farming and settlement, and the recording of the many animals and plants new to western science. Starting with the amateur scientists amongst the marines and convicts, the colony eventually moved to a more formal system of appointed botanists, astronomers and surveyors, whose work influenced the expansion of settled areas and had a great impact on the original inhabitants. One of the first publications to showcase the natural history of the colony was the journal of the First Fleet’s Chief Surgeon, John White. His manuscript was sent to England in November 1788, along with a collection of specimens, and published 16

in 1790 as the Journal of a Voyage to New South Wales, with sixty-five plates illustrating the natural history of the colony. The exhibition will feature a first edition of the journal, lent by the Royal Australian Historical Society. The National Trust’s original drawing, The Emu, by convict artist Richard Browne, will also feature in the exhibition. Browne arrived in Sydney in 1811 and was soon sent to the secondary penal colony of Newcastle. While there, he produced artworks for the Commandant, Lieutenant Thomas Skottowe, to feature in Select Specimens from Nature of the Birds and Animals of New South Wales. From the arrival of the First Fleet until the 1820s, the main scientific pursuits in the colony were the recording of flora and fauna, exploration for suitable agricultural land, and charting the coast to guide navigation. When Governor Brisbane arrived in 1821, he brought a more rigorous approach to scientific study by establishing an observatory at Parramatta, just 100 metres from Old Government House. Brisbane had a longstanding and keen interest in astronomy and marine navigation due to his experiences in two nearmiss shipwrecks during his early years in the army. It is likely he sought the position of Governor of NSW because it would give him the opportunity to study the largely-uncharted stars of the Southern Hemisphere. He brought with him the instruments and library from his observatory in Scotland, and employed two assistants, Carl Rümker and James Dunlop. The observatory was ready in time for one of the most important observations completed there — the predicted return of Encke’s Comet in June 1822. After four years of data collection, the culmination of Brisbane’s work was the publication of A Catalogue of 7385 stars, chiefly in the Southern Hemisphere Prepared from observations made at the Observatory at Parramatta, New South Wales. On his return to Scotland in 1826, Brisbane donated the observatory, instruments and library to the colony, to ensure the furtherance of science. In 1835, Dunlop installed a new transit-circle telescope in the observatory, but due to his ill health the facility became neglected.

National Trust (NSW)

In 1847, Philip Parker King led a committee to review the observatory and found it in a very poor condition. It was demolished, and the instruments and books were put in storage, then moved to a new observatory built at Millers Point in 1858. The transit stones that supported the telescope can still be viewed in situ in Parramatta Park. The transit telescope, sidereal clock, chronometer and azimuth compass brought to NSW by Brisbane will all feature in the exhibition, courtesy of the Museum of Applied Arts and Sciences. It is very exciting to have them return to Parramatta where they were first used almost 200 years ago. These objects and many others featuring in the exhibition vividly illustrate an exhilarating period in scientific discovery, and the strong links between astronomy, botany and exploration in opening European eyes to the extraordinary wonders of our Great Southern Land.

Clockwise from top Cedar collector’s cabinet owned by Robert Lethbridge King (photograph by Jenni Carter, National Trust of Australia (NSW) Collection); Birds of Parramatta, c 1850 (photograph by Jenni Carter, National Trust of Australia (NSW) Collection); A portrait of Sir Thomas Makdougall Brisbane (1773–1860), Bt, FRSE by John Watson Gordon, 1848 (courtesy The Royal Society of Edinburgh); Viola hederacea Labillardiere by Sydney Parkinson [c. 1745-1771], (courtesy Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Gift of the British Museum, 1895).

VISIT Enquiring Minds: Exploration and discovery in colonial New South Wales opens at Old Government House, Parramatta, from 27 February to 28 November 2021. For more details about opening times and booking tickets turn to page 18. nationaltrust.org.au/whats-on-nsw

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January – March 2021

Calendar

Old Government House in 2021 If you’re passionate about science, history or travel, then Old Government House at Parramatta has put together an entire program of events for 2021 to complement our latest exhibition celebrating scientific discovery in the early years of the colony.

ENQUIRING MINDS – MEMBERS-ONLY VIEWING 8 MARCH 2021, 11AM – 1PM Join Old Government House Curator, Anna Ridley, for this exclusive members’ only event. Anna will talk about the exhibition’s development and the many exciting discoveries that accompanied this process. Explore the lives of astronomer James Dunlop, explorer Philip Parker King and botanists Allan Cunningham and George Caley. Includes light refreshments from Lachlan’s Restaurant.

FOR BOOKINGS AND ENQUIRIES Bookings: Tickets through Eventbrite. Find the event by typing “National Trust NSW Eventbrite” into your favourite search engine. Enquiries: Email ogh@nationaltrust.com.au or phone (02) 9635 8149.

Tickets: Free, members only, (includes entry to the Enquiring Minds exhibition). Please note that due to COVID-19 restrictions, this event is strictly limited to 20 people and booking is essential.

ENQUIRING MINDS: EXPLORATION AND DISCOVERY IN COLONIAL NEW SOUTH WALES 27 FEBRUARY – 28 NOVEMBER 2021, 10AM – 4PM Delve into the great 18th and 19th century voyages of discovery. This fascinating exhibition combines exploration of the great southern land with scientific advances in navigation, astronomy, mapping and botanical collecting. Learn about former Governors and their keen interests in these scientific fields. See rare items pivotal to various discoveries at a time when new theories of evolution were being developed, and exotic Australian specimens were creating a sensation in Europe. Tickets: Open Tuesdays – Sundays (last entry 3:30pm). Members free, general admission $15, concession $10, families $35.

ENQUIRING MINDS – CURATOR’S TALKS MARCH – NOVEMBER 2021, 2:30PM – 3:30PM Join Old Government House Curator, Anna Ridley, for a behind-the-scenes peek at the Enquiring Minds exhibition. Find out how Governor Brisbane’s star catalogue was created at the Parramatta Observatory. Discover the connections Old Government House enjoys with London’s famous Kew Gardens. Enter into the lives of these early scientists and collectors who contributed scientific knowledge during the age of enquiry. Tickets: Every 4th Thursday of the month. Members free, general admission $15, concession $10, families $35. Please note that due to COVID-19 restrictions, this event is strictly limited to 10 people and booking is essential.

National Trust (NSW)

Old Government House – 2021

ART IN THE PARK WITH THE PARRAMATTA ART SOCIETY

HOW DOES YOUR GARDEN GROW? 21 AUGUST – 22 AUGUST 2021, 10AM – 4PM

20 MARCH 2021, 11AM – 1PM Join the Parramatta Art Society for a day of art on the front lawn of Old Government House. Set up your easel or other equipment and enjoy the fresh air while you turn your hand to capturing the beauty of the surrounding parkland. The focus of the day will be illustrating the beautiful trees of Parramatta Park in homage to George Caley, the first appointed Colonial Botanist who collected specimens from around Old Government House and sent them back to the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew, England. If possible please bring your own art supplies as we only have a very limited amount. Tickets: Free event and access to grounds (admission prices apply to enter the house and Enquiring Minds exhibition). Bookings essential.

Celebrate National Science Week at Old Government House. Gardening enthusiasts of all ages and capabilities are invited to bring along their green thumbs and help plant a new kitchen garden in honour of the International Year of Fruits and Vegetables and National Science Week. The kitchen garden was a vital source of food in the early days of the colony. The first to live on the site of Old Government House, Governor Phillip encouraged gardening to reduce the colony’s dependency on public stores. Help us recreate the garden in a small way by trying your hand at sowing, potting and planting vegetables. Tickets: Members free, general admission $15, concession $10, families $35.

CHILDREN’S EASTER TRAIL

BOTANICAL PICK AND PRESS CHILDREN’S ACTIVITY

3 APRIL – 11 APRIL, 10AM – 4PM

28 SEPTEMBER – 3 OCTOBER 2021, 10AM – 4PM

Test your detective skills this Easter with our treasure trail in the grounds of Old Government House. Follow directions around the grounds and collect a piece of ‘treasure’ at each check-point. As you go, plot your course on a map and work out where the final ‘X’ marks the spot. Will you uncover the correct location? After completing the trail, view the fascinating Enquiring Minds exhibition, including an interactive map of routes taken by explorer John Oxley when he ventured from Parramatta over the Blue Mountains. Enjoy a great day of fun and learning for the whole family.

Join us for some springtime floral fun in the grounds of Old Government House. Follow the favoured pastime of early naturalists and botanists and fill a flower press with specimens you collect from around the grounds. Can you find the same plants as George Caley, the first Colonial Botanist? He collected specimens from the land surrounding Old Government House in the early 1800s and dried them before sending them to England. Volunteers will be on hand to help you identify the various plants in the grounds and to select suitable specimens for your flower press. Children can take home their flower press and samples as a memento of their visit.

Tickets: Open Tuesdays – Sundays. Gold coin donation to participate in this activity (admission prices apply to enter the house and Enquiring Minds exhibition).

Tickets: Open Tuesdays – Sundays. Free event when you pay the standard entry fee to the property.

EXPLORING THE SOUTHERN STARS

HISTORIC VINES AND CLASSIC WINES – WINE TASTING EVENING

5 JUNE 2021, 6PM – 9PM

22 OCTOBER 2021, 7PM – 10PM

Starry-eyed wanderers are invited to a special evening of astronomy at Old Government House. Join us to observe the southern skies from the lawns, next to the foundations of the original Parramatta Observatory and learn about some of the major constellations. Channel your inner Governor Brisbane, emulating the man who established the observatory in 1821, when he was resident here. Find out more about the Governor and the observatory’s construction at this one-off event suitable for all ages. Tickets: Gold coin donation to participate in this activity (admission prices apply to enter the house and Enquiring Minds exhibition).

Enjoy an evening with Laithwaite’s Wine People sampling a selection of classic wines in the picturesque courtyard of Old Government House and later explore the fascinating Enquiring Minds exhibition. Wines will be paired with tasting plates inspired by early 19th century and prepared by the chefs at Lachlan’s Restaurant. You will be taken through the background of each wine and the grape varieties used to make it, as well as exploring the tasting characteristics of each style. Tickets: Members $70, general admission $85 (includes entry to the Enquiring Minds exhibition).

RIDDLE COLLECTORS CHALLENGE FOR CHILDREN 26 JUNE – 11 JULY 2021, 10AM – 4PM Enquiring young minds are challenged to solve a collection of riddles and find the items in the grounds of Old Government House. Can you unpick all of the clues, solve the riddles and collect all the items? After completing the activity, families are encouraged to view the Enquiring Minds exhibition. The facsinating exhibition showcases scientific discoveries in the early years of the colony, including the cabinet of shells collected from across the Pacific by Reverend King. Tickets: Open Tuesdays – Sundays. Free event when you pay the standard entry fee to the property.

Oppostie: Clockwise from top left Old Government House (image from the National Trust archives); Study of a Possum, c. 1860, by Louisa Atkinson (1834 – 1872); Wine tasting and Exploring the southern stars (images are for illustrative purpose only).

January – March 2021

January –March

Calendar Over the summer months, the National Trust (NSW) brings you two exhibitions celebrating the work of two very different Australian artists — Norman Lindsay and Peter Kingston. For more information and updates on these events, and to find out what's else is on, visit nationaltrust.org.au/whats-on-nsw

SPRINGWOOD CATS EXHIBITION

FIRST LIGHT: THE ART OF PETER KINGSTON

3 DECEMBER 2020 – 14 MARCH 2021, 10AM – 4PM NORMAN LINDSAY GALLERY, FAULCONBRIDGE

5 DECEMBER 2020 – 14 FEBRUARY 2021, 11AM – 5PM S.H. ERVIN GALLERY, OBSERVATORY HILL, SYDNEY

Norman Lindsay’s affinity with cats began when a neighbour gifted him two handsome white felines. They turned out to be very useful at keeping snakes at bay, earning Lindsay’s gratitude many times over. Thereafter, he always had a few special ‘studio cats’ to keep him company. This new exhibition features the artist’s Springwood cats in all their colourful glory, from pencil studies, original watercolours, etchings and pen drawings, to photographs of them with Lindsay.

Capturing the energy and character of Sydney Harbour has long been the passion of Sydney artists, Peter Kingston. Curated by Barry Pearce, Emeritus Curator of Australian Art at the Art Gallery of New South Wales, this important exhibition features key paintings and drawings from both public and private collections; a selection of Kingston’s artist books, prints, sketchbooks and memorabilia; and a wunderkabinet containing nostalgic relics of his earlier incarnation as pop-illustrator-satirist.

Tickets: Open Thursdays to Sundays, except for public holidays. Members free, general admission $17, concession $15, families $45. Bookings: Tickets through Eventbrite. Find the event by typing “National Trust NSW Eventbrite” into your favourite search engine. Enquiries: Phone (02) 4751 1067.

Tickets: Open Tuesdays to Sundays, except public holidays. Members $4, general admission $12, concession $10. Bookings: Tickets through Eventbrite. Find the event by typing “National Trust NSW Eventbrite” into your favourite search engine. Enquiries: Email sheg@nationaltrust.com.au or visit shervingallery.com.au

Australian Heritage Festival 2021 OUR HERITAGE FOR THE FUTURE Back on for 2021, the Australian Heritage Festival welcomes community groups to register their heritage events that will take place between 18 April and 17 May 2021. Register here: australianheritagefestival.org.au We will feature the National Trust events taking place for the Australian Heritage Festival in the next edition of the New South Wales National Trust Magazine.

National Trust (NSW)

Tours

National Trust Way Holiday Tours National Trust (NSW) guided holiday tours take you to special heritage places around the world to experience different cultures, environments and histories in comfort and style.

THE COAL LOADER 4 FEBRUARY 2021, 10:30AM A former industrial site with an interesting history, the Coal Loader Centre for Sustainability includes a sustainable retro-fitted cottage, wetlands, community gardens, native bushland nursery, historic tunnels, Aboriginal engravings, the platform green roof, regenerated parklands and a beautiful adjacent bushland reserve. Tickets: Members $45, general admission $50 (includes morning tea) Bookings: Tickets through Eventbrite. Find the event by typing “National Trust NSW Eventbrite” into your favourite search engine. Enquiries: Jill Bunning, Tour Leader, phone 0439 321 164

HISTORIC DON BANK AND MARY MACKILLOP MUSEUM TOUR 4 MARCH 2021, 10AM This guided day tour starts at the remarkable Don Bank museum, the oldest wooden house in North Sydney, built in 1854. Then enjoy a 90 minute tour of three galleries, Alma Cottage and the remarkable Mary Mackillop Memorial Chapel. Tickets: Members $50, general admission $55 (includes morning tea) Bookings: Tickets through Eventbrite. Find the event by typing “National Trust NSW Eventbrite” into your favourite search engine. Enquiries: Jane Reynolds, phone 0411 510 267

MAY GIBBS’ NUTCOTE 29 APRIL 2021, 10:30AM Do you remember the iconic Australian children’s story, The Complete Adventures of Snugglepot and Cuddlepie, written and illustrated by one of Australia’s most treasured authors, May Gibbs? This tour visits the beautiful harbourside cottage and garden of Nutcote, built at Neutral Bay in 1925, where she lived for 44 years. Tickets: Members $50, general admission $55 (includes morning tea) Bookings: Tickets through Eventbrite. Find the event by typing “National Trust NSW Eventbrite” into your favourite search engine. Enquiries: Jill Bunning, Tour Leader, phone 0439 321 164

CANBERRA: THE EVER-CHANGING CITY 17 – 21 MAY 2021 Enjoy five days of exploring unique treasures and much-loved places with various private tours of our nation’s capital, including the Gardens of Government House, Lanyon Homestead, the amazing Rose Gardens of Old Parliament House, the award-winning National Arboretum and the Australian War Memorial, with participation in the wreath-laying Last Post Ceremony, plus much more.

LOSE YOURSELF IN TASMANIA 12 – 23 MARCH 2021 Tasmania offers a wonderful showcase of Australia’s natural, built and cultural heritage. Flying into Launceston and out of Hobart, ten days will be spent exploring the state famous for its fine food and rugged landscapes. Visit Launceston and the Tamar Valley, enjoying historic villages and homes in the Evandale and Longford areas. The tour then heads to the west coast and the town of Strahan, including a cruise down the Gordon River and a ride on the West Coast Wilderness railway. Bookings: David Smith, Travel on Capri, phone 1800 679 066 Enquiries: Jill Bunning, Tour Leader, phone 0439 321 164

Bookings: David Smith, Travel on Capri, phone 1800 679 066 Enquiries: Jill Bunning, Tour Leader, phone 0439 321 164

WANT MORE NEWS AND UPDATES? Subscribe to receive our monthly eNews and Events eUpdate online. Members of the National Trust (NSW)also receive a quarterly Members eUpdates andAdvocacy eUpdate via email. nationaltrust.org.au/enews-nsw

January – March 2021