What part of speech is the word warning in line 17?

7. I spoke to Dwayne’s sister during the Independence parade. _________________________ 8. May I have some water, please? _________________________ 9. Four parents prepared all the refreshments for the event. _________________________ 10. Several organizations have held fund-raising events. __________________________

COMPARING ADJECTIVES Here are three pencils

When these three pencils are compared we would say The first one is long. The second one is longer. The third one is the longest.

The size of the pencils shown above was compared. Long, longer, longest show three degrees of comparison.

long is used when one pencil is being considered. It is not being compared with any other. A quality of the pencil is just being stated.. This is known as the positive degree.

longer is used when two pencils, the first and the second, are compared. This is the comparative degree and is used to state a higher degree of the quality of the pencil.

longest is used when the three pencils are compared. It states the highest degree of the particular quality of the pencil. It is used when three or more things are compared

Some rules must be followed when forming the comparative and superlative degree of most adjectives.

1. For adjectives which have one or two syllables To the positive, add -er to form the comparative and –est to form the superlative.

For example: Positive Comparative Superlative strong stronger strongest

2. For adjectives with three or more syllables In front of the positive, add the word more to form the comparative and most to form the superlative. For example: Positive Comparative Superlative beautiful more beautiful most beautiful Note, however, that there are some two-syllable adjectives which are compared using more and most.

For example: Positive Comparative Superlative famous more famous most famous Less and least are added in comparisons to show decreasing quality or quantity. More and most are added in comparisons to show decreasing quality or quantity. For example: Positive Comparative Superlative desirable more desirable most desirable expensive less expensive least expensive

Remember that there are some adjectives which will require some changes in spelling when adding the suffixes –er and –est.

IRREGULAR COMPARISONS

Some adjectives do not follow any of the rules. Instead, they use different words for the three degrees of comparison. POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE good better best bad worse worst

many more most little less least

much more most

Search for these irregular comparisons and LEARN THEM!

Do you know there are some adjectives which are simply not compared? This means that the condition being stated is already at its best and cannot be changed.

For example: straight unique full empty perfect Complete each of the following sentences using the correct degree of the adjective in brackets. 1. (intelligent) Why do you think that you are the ____________________ boy in this class? 2. (quiet) Of the five friends, Kymani is the ____________. 3. (popular) Between him and me, he is _______________. 4. ( bad) Today’s weather is the ___________ seen in many years. . 5. (thin ) The _______________ end of the sting was tied to the cat’s leg. 6. ( deep) Of the two pools the __________________ one is not suitable for persons who are learning to swim. 7. (little) When the sheets were examined we realized that Blair had collected the__________ amount of money 8. (round) Please bring me the ______________________ piece of card. 9. (early) Jadal and Jadon are coming to school _________________ than they did before. 10. The __________________ (small) of all the boys proved to be _____________ (brave) than the coach. 11. Today we had ______________ time to complete the work than yesterday. (much) 12. He is ____________________ than his older brother. (clever)

Subject and Verb Agreement

Subjects and verbs must agree in number. It is very important to know whether the subject is singular or plural and also to recognize singular and plural verbs. Be knowledgeable of the rules which apply to the particular sentence.

Let us get some practice. A. The pronouns I and you take plural verbs. I travel You remember You design I cut Don’t forget the exception I was.

However, if the sentence begins with ‘if’ and expresses a degree of uncertainty, use the plural form of the verb.

For example: If I were you, I would not go without Dad’s permission.. B. When sentences start with there or here the subject will be placed after the verb. In such a case, always identify the subject correctly and make sure it agrees with the verb. For example: There (go, goes) my chances of winning.

C. A collective noun which is singular in number takes a singular verb. But if the collective noun is plural then a plural verb must be used. To make it easier, isolate the collective noun from the items by placing brackets

around the items. Then choose the verb which agrees with the collective noun.

D. The expression all... but and all...except are used with plural verbs. For example: All except Mavis (enjoys, enjoy) ice cream. E. When expressions such as most of, some of, all of refer to a number, use a plural verb. When they refer to a quantity, use a singular verb. For example: Most of the food (was, were) left on the plate. (Food is uncountable) Some of the monkeys (was, were) captured. (The monkeys can be counted) EXERCISE Underline the verb which makes the sentence grammatically correct. 1. All of us but Sean (travel, travels) to school by car. 2. A host of angels often (appear, appears) to me in my dreams. 3. If he (was, were) here, he would have assisted me. 4. Most of that land (belong, belongs) to the crown. 5. A squad of soldiers (was, were) marching through the streets. 6. Some of the donated items (has, have) already been sent to St .Vincent. 7. All of the drink in the bottle (was, were) wasted. 8. I would not interfere with that if I (was, were) you. 9. All of them except Jonie (return, returns) the apparatus to the Science Lab. 10. A fleet of ships (was, were) fighting a fierce battle.

THE NEGATIVE FORM OF VERBS

The affirmative states that an action does take place, has taken place or even will take place. It can also express a state of being.

Examples: They walk to school. (takes place) Gavin has read all the notes. (has taken place)

My mother will buy me a new laptop. (will take place) The employees are happy. (state of being)

The word negative implies NO or NOT.

Sentences using the negative form of the verb indicate that the action stated does not take place, has not taken place or even will not take place.

Examples: They do not walk to school. (takes place) Gavin has not read all the notes. (has taken place) My mother will not buy me a new laptop. (will take place) The employees are not happy. (state of being)

When we want to express some verbs in their negative form, NOT is added to the affirmative. Some such verbs are shall will may must be have can ought

N.B. The word NOT is not part of the verb. It is an adverb used to state the negative.

EXAMPLE She can bake well. They are painting the house. She cannot bake well. They are not painting the house.

Many other verbs form their negative by using DO or DOES and the word NOT with the infinitive. EXAMPLE: Raymond drives carefully. Raymond does not drive carefully.

The negative form of the past tense of the verb is formed by adding DID and NOT to the affirmative. EXAMPLE: They took the money from the desk. They did not take the money from the desk.

a) Underline the verb in each sentence and write its tense in the brackets provided. b) Then rewrite each sentence in its negative form. 1. All of the Caribbean islands have been affected by the volcanic ash. ( )

2. Ms Brathwaite will cut all the grass. ( )

3. Roniesha washes the car every Sunday. ( )

4. The men are removing all the debris. ( )

5. Zalissa went to the movies with her aunt. ( )

6. The smoke rose high above the roof. ( )

7. Ms Dottin lays the table for dinner. ( )

8. All school campuses have been cleaned in preparation for start of classes. ( )

9. Many Barbadians observe the Covid -19 protocols. ( )

10. The students are being taught about making an electro-magnet. ( )

11. They should have given her all the money from the sales. ( )

FRACTIONS (cont’d) Reciprocals

Note that when a number is multiplied by that number inverted or turned upside down, the answer is ALWAYS 1. The number by which we multiplied or the inverted number is called the reciprocal. In the examples above,

Write the reciprocal for the following. The first one has been done for you.

Another name for the reciprocal is THE MULTIPLICATIVE INVERSE

Knowing the multiplicative inverse or reciprocal of numbers is useful when dividing fractions.

DIVIDING FRACTIONS

A. Dividing a whole number by a fraction

But it is not always possible to draw a diagram, so follow these steps to divide

B. Dividing a fraction by a fraction

C. Dividing Mixed Numbers

PRACTICE

2

wide, how many books will fit on the shelf? (Change metres to centimetres first) _______________

EXPRESSING ONE QUANTITY OR NUMBER AS A FRACTION OF ANOTHER

Example 2: Express 75 as a fraction of 100 of 100 says that 100 is the denominator.

Example 3: What fraction of $4 is 25 cents? of $4 says that $4 is the denominator. is 25 cents says that 25 is the numerator.

PRACTICE 1. Express 30 as a fraction of 90. ____________ 2. Write 16 as a fraction of 24. ____________ 3. In a test I got 18 marks out of 25. What fraction is this? ____________ 4. After eating 26 out of 50 plums, what fraction do I have left? ____________ 5. What fraction of 2m is 75 cm? ____________ 6. When I have spent some of my $70 I have $14 left.

What fraction have I spent? ____________

7. Mr Sam shares $24 between his two sons. The older son gets $14 and the younger son gets $10. Express as a fraction the money received by each son. The older son gets _____________ The younger son gets ____________

AREA OF RECTANGLES AND SQUARES (cont’d)

Finding the length given the area and width

Study the following examples carefully.

Example 1: The area of a card is 180 cm2 . If its width is 10cm what is its length?

Then Width = Area Length

Example 3 The area of a rectangle is the same as the area of a square. If the rectangle is 8cm wide and 18cm long, what is the length of the square?

Solution

First find the area of the rectangle. Area of rectangle = 18 cm x 8 cm

EXERCISE

Complete the following by correctly filling in the missing measurements:

7. The area of a playing field is 1920m2 . If the length is 60m what is the width?

8. A piece of paper has an area of 280cm. If its width is 14cm, what is its length? ______________

9. My living room is rectangular in shape with an area of 750 square feet. If it is 30ft long, how wide is it? ______________

The square above is 18cm in length. What is the length of a rectangle of similar area but with a width of 9cm? _______________

AREA OF TRIANGLES

Carefully note the names given the sides of the below triangles.

Look again at finding the area of a rectangle:

If you cut along the diagonal of the rectangle, you will get 2 triangles of the same size. What is the area of each triangle?

= ( x 4) cm

1

Exercise

1. Find the area of each of the following triangles:

14

300

MEASUREMENT - Mass (Weight)

When we talk about how heavy an item is we are talking about its mass. The most common unit of measuring mass is the kilogram. The units used to weigh items are (a) the kilogram (b) the gram

Grams

A paperclip weighs about 1 gram. Hold one small paperclip in your hand. Does that weigh a lot? No! A gram is very light. Grams are written as g (for short), so “300 g” means “300 grams”.

Kilograms Once you have 1,000 grams, you have 1 kilogram. A medium sized pineapple has a mass of about one kilogram.

Kilograms are often written as kg for short, so “10 kg” means “10 kilograms”. The kilogram is usually used for measuring heavy objects such as the furniture in your classroom or home.

When you weigh yourself on a scale, you use kilograms. An adult weighs about 70 kg. How much do you weigh?

Select the most suitable unit for measuring 1. a large dictionary ________ 5. An exercise book ________ 2. a pair of socks __________ 6. a large package of sugar_______ 3. a desktop computer ________ 7. three pencils ________ 4. a bag of chicken nuggets __________ 8. your dog _________

CHANGING FROM ONE UNIT TO ANOTHER

B. Changing Grams to kilograms To change from g to kg, you divide by 1000.

Change the following 1. 6kg = ___________ g 2. 8kg = __________ g

3. 4 1/2 kg = ____________ g 4. 3500g = __________ kg 5. 9000g = ____________ kg 6. 1750 g = ___________ kg 7. 6250g = ____________ kg 8. 3643g = _______kg_____g 9. 4kg 28g = ____________g 10. 7kg 50g = _________g

11. Last Christmas I bought a turkey which weighed 7200g. What was the weight in kg of the turkey? ______________

12. A farmer bought 6 bags of manure each weighing 750g. What is their total weight? ______________

It is very easy to add kg and g. Here are two methods which may be used to solve addition of kg and grams. Practice both the methods: (i) Adding units with conversion to grams (ii) Adding units without conversion to grams For example: Add 7 kg 350 g and 2 kg 150 g

SOLUTION:

EXERCISE: Add: (1) 8 kg 575 g and 4 kg 897 g (2) 9 kg, 13 kg 940 g and 15 kg 65 g

(3) 6 kg 385 g + 5 kg 204 g (4) 7 kg 263 g + 1 kg 335 g

7) I put 1 1/4 kilogram of flour on the scale but Mother said I should take out 290 gram. What was the weight of flour left on the scale? ____________

8)

05

The scale above is balanced. If each ball weighs 45g, what is the weight of the box? _____________ 9) My bag weighs 7 1/4kg. My sister’s weighs 10kg. What is the total weight of our bags? _____________ 10) On Air Canada, each passenger is allowed a limit of 25kg for each piece of luggage. My sister’s baggage weighs 240250 grams. (a) Is her baggage over or under the maximum weight allowed? _____________ (b) By how many kilograms? _____________

MEASUREMENT - TIME The Calendar This diagram shows part of the calendar for the month of December 2021

a) On which day of the week will Christmas Day be celebrated this year? _______________ b) What is the date of the second Tuesday shown here? ______________ c) On which day did January 01, 2022 fall? ____________________ d) The month of December always has the same number of days. How many days will there be in December 2021? ______________

The calendar helps us to find answers to such questions without having to memorise dates. Note the following:

A leap year occurs every four years. There is an additional day every leap year. There are ___________ days in a leap year.

For example: 2020 ÷ 4 = 505 ( The year 2020 was a leap year) 2023 ÷ 4 = 505 r3 ( The year 2023 will NOT be a leap year)

Look at the calendar at home or in your classroom. What do you realize about the number of days in each month? PRACTICE 1. How quickly can you write the number of days in these months? (Aim for 2 mins) December 2000______ October 2021_______ March 1973 _______ September 1958______ July 2001 _______ May 2005_____ June 2017 ______ August 2005 _______ February 2019 _____ November 2006 ____ January 2020_______ April 1999 _____

2. My daughter celebrates her birthday on 15th February, 2022. Without using a calendar, what is the date two weeks later? ____________________

Language Arts 1.There are forty-five active volcanoes in the world. 2. Scientist realised that an eruption of La Soufriere was imminent because a dome of gooey lava was seen pushing from the crater. 3. The phrase suggests that persons will not forget what happened as a result of the volcano erupting. 4. A “pyroclastic flow” is the high density hot material that flow down the volcano and across the land. 5. Two after effects are the destruction of crops and livestock and limited access to clean drinking water (other effects may be used) 6. The word “clouds” may be used instead of “plumes”. 7. Neighbouring countries were directly affected by the ashfall from the volcano. 8. A volcanologist is someone who studies volcanoes, how they are formed and how and why they erupt. 9. The phrase “A call for international solidarity” tells that aid was sought world-wide. 10.The last eruption of La Soufriere was in 1979. 11. A summit crater is where the volcanic material is at or near the earth’s surface. 12. The other countries are Antigua and Barbuda, Grenada and Saint Lucia.

Don’t and Doesn’t 1. have 2. like 3. doesn’t 4. redecorates 5. was 6. was, has 7. was 8. don’t 9. meets 10. has 11. sings

Active and Passive Voice (cont’d) – The Simple Present Tense 1. Every Friday grocery shopping is done by my sister and me. 2. The company cars are regularly serviced by the mechanic. 3. The letters are placed in my mailbox by the postman. 4. The garbage bins are emptied by the janitors. 5. The two large trees in my backyard are felled by the tree cutter. 6. Are the new COVID-19 directives understood by Barbadians? 7. Uniforms are worn by all Barbadian school children. 8. Mr Small’s vegetable crops are constantly trod on by stray cows. 9. The new dish is carefully laid on the rack by the waitress. 10. Is a different profile picture displayed by her every week? 11. The fallen ash is swept by the workers. 12. Only fifteen persons are allowed in the vehicle by the bus driver.

Change these sentences to the active voice. 1. The girl catches the ball. 2. Many persons now keep vegetable gardens. 3. Does your sister own the new house? 4. Everybody sings that tune. 5. Does the nurse give the vaccine?

Use the verbs given in brackets to form the present tense passive voice of each sentence. 1. are eaten 2. is admired 3. are read 4. are split 5. are, answered 6. are collected 7. are permitted

Class 3 & 4

Rewrite these sentences in the Interrogative form. 1. Do dogs love to eat bones? 2.Did I read the news headlines yesterday? 3. Is my baby sister eating ice cream? 4. Does she love to watch Mark Angel Comedy? 5. Did the carpenter build a new doghouse? 6. Are we going to Boston soon? 7. Have the pupils been learning about fractions? 8. Must we leave before midnight?

Mathematics Factions (cont’d) 1. 16 2. 1/2 3. 63 4. 2 5/8 5. 10

Calculating A Fractional Part of a Number or a Quantity a) 43 b) 17 c) 64 d) 16 e) 12

Finding the Whole When Given a Fractional Part 1. 112 2. 84 3. 112 crayons 4.2 m 5. 6 3/4 6. 120 7. $96.00

Area of Rectangles and Squares 12 square units 16 square units 4 square units 8 square units 6 square units 20 square units 25 square units 10 square units account of the trial. 20. We got up and went to the door; he did not come with us.

Comprehension Circle the letter which indicate the correct answer. 21. c) Decide how he would proceed 22. c) No one 23. b) He made them 24. a) the pictures and ceiling 25. c) Adverb 26. c) He pulled out the middle of the roll 27. b) Silver and gold 28. b) Twisted strips 29. b) Cards

Rewrite these sentences in the passive voice. 30. The dog was hit by a car 31. The Christmas cake was made by their sisters. 32. All the windows are opened by them. 33. The cricketers are coached by Mr King 34. A mask is worn all day by Andrew. 35. The ant stung the baby. 36. The Czar introduced new protocols. 37. A team of judges choose a winner.

Underline the word which best complete the following sentences. 38. say 39. had gotten 40. fled 41. know 42. give

Look at the shape again. It is a rectangle To find the area of a square, multiply the length of a side by a side. Find the area of each of the following shapes 1. 100cm2 2. 105cm2 3. 184cm2 4. a) 78cm b) 29 cm2 5. 400m2 6. 132m2 7. 3000cm2

Test 1 Language Arts Underline the correct word in the brackets to complete each sentence. 1. frighten 2. drive 3. sells 4. hurries 5. moves

In the space provided, insert the Present Tense of the underlined verb. 6. hurts 7. supply 8. lays 9. teaches 10. lights

Add a suitable prefix to complete the words in the sentences. 11. unsure 12. improperly 13. international 14. transformation 15. indecisive Each of the following has one punctuation mark missing. Chose one from the light below and put it in the correct place. 16. “Are you going to give him permission to leave?” Tony asked. 17. What an exciting event that was! 18. Mr. Michael Lang, the manager, gave the annual financial report of the company. 19. You may be given an up-to-date Insert the missing letters to complete the spelling of the word in each sentence. 43. recipe 44. believe 45. accommodated 46. queue 47. athlete

Comprehension 48. b) In the centre of a vast continent 49. c) To aid in transport 50. c) After Cook 51. b) for twenty-four months 52. d) The Commonwealth and Britain 53. d) In igloos

Say whether the underlined words are nouns, verbs or adjectives 54. noun 55. verb 56. noun 57. noun 58. verb 59. adjective

Complete each sentence below with the appropriate word formed from the one in capital. 60. satisfactory 61. Patriotic 62. strength 63. explosion 64. lengthen

Choose the word which correctly completes each sentence. 65. pause 66. principle 67. peered

Complete the following passage using words from the list provided. 68. controversy 69. out-going 31

70. accept 71. confirmed 72. ?? 73. 73. deterred

Section 2 Comprehension Write grammatically correct answers to the following question. 71. Water was introduced into Bridgetown in 1861. 72. Mr Carpenter was a bank manager. 73. The basin at the base of the fountain was made in Barbados 74. The fountain was erected to commemorate the introduction of piped water into Bridgetown. 75. The subscription list was started in 1862. 76. The fountain garden was to be used as a recreational place. 77. The subscription list contained the names of the persons who made a (subscription) donation to the building of the fountain.

Reading the following passage carefully. 78. Tyrek won an essay contest. 79. The Class Three students had competed in the competitor. 80. The assembly was most likely held in the school hall. 81. I think that MR Carter might have been the Principal. 83. I think that Tyrek’s friends were jealous. 84. The expression “to catch the eyes of” means to attract someone’s attention. 85. The word “assembled” as used in line 3 is an adjective.

Mathematics 1. 998 2. 211 3. 242 4. 636 5. 32/5 6. Ones 7. 13 8. 4/9 9. 4/7 10. 3/12 11. 2/5 12. C 13. 40 000g 14. Seventeen thousand and forty-eight 15. 65cm 16. 2m 42cm 17. Acute 18. Right 19. 2, 3, 5, 11 20. 3

Section B 21. 865 22. 21 23. 123 24. 10cm 25. 1/3 1/2 3/4 5/6 26. 1/4 27. 5/8 28. 5/14 29. 37 t-shirts 30. Damon 31. 15 trips 32. 11 bags 33. a) 1/5 $40 34. 900 000, 0 35. 20 laps 36. 9 37. 58° 38. a) 4 b) 7 39. 35 40. 7 THURSDAY, MAY 13, 2021.