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A COURSE OF DESIGNING AND CONSTRUCTING BAMBOO IN HAITI
haiti.aaschool.ac.uk
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COURSE GUIDE
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BE PART OF THE AA NETWORK
The UK’s oldest school of architecture, AA students are expected to invent as opposed to replicate. Through experimental design and critical dialogue, both students and tutors are pushed to drive the direction and the discourse of architecture, clearly communicating the larger cultural and geological contexts relating to where they think the profession is heading. The AA VS is the global extension of this platform which is similarly about learning, exploring, collaborating and experimenting in order to reimagine the shape, form and expectations of architecture and design. We invite you to join us in design, debate and innovation in Haiti, the heart of the Caribbean.
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
Working with architects, designers, and engineers from both Haiti and around the world, we will utilise cutting edge computer software and the material of bamboo to produce innovative designs.
AA School alumni Zaha Hadid lecturing at the AA, 2007
FLORIDA
BAHAMA
CUBA
JOIN THE JAMAICA
ADVENTURE IN HAITI
Adventure in Haiti awaits for a group of dedicated students. Haiti is a place where construction, ​geopolitics and natural threats interconnect meaning good architecture and considerate design are not just enlightening, but lifesaving.
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LOCATION Haiti DATE
Bamboo construction site in Sumatra Indonesia, one of the projects the tutors have been involved with.
Part 1: 30th July – 11th August 2016 Part 2: 22nd - 31st October 2016
BUILDING WITH BAMBOO
In both the summer and fall courses we will be working with bamboo either in the factory in Marmelade to fabricate 1:1 bamboo components, or in constructing a community bamboo structure.
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CLIMATE TESTING
You will learn cutting edge fluid dynamic, structural and solar testing software, to refine projects against the climate and hurricane treats which face Haiti.
TURKS AND CAICOS DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
IN HAITI HAITI
PUERTO RICO
LESSER ANTILLES
CRITICAL DISCUSSION
With tutors, community leaders and invited guests we will discuss the geopolitical, historic and ecological challenges Haiti faces to comprehensively debate and understand how to implement a lightweight seismic and hurricane resilient future for Haiti’s built environment.
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WHY BAMBOO?
A DISASTER OF CONSTRUCTION, NOT NATURE
The issue of deforestation has, in recent years, been tackled with investment in bamboo. The story of bamboo in Haiti started in the 1950s when Victor Wynne began a process of conserving land to the south of Port au Prince. At this time, the economic realities of the Duvalier regime, and the subsequent poverty which followed, saw a local population without income or source of fuel set about cutting down almost every tree in sight. In this situation, Victor Wynne saw the fast growing, flexible yet strong bamboo as the future ‘saviour of Haiti’. Since then, bamboo has spread to a number of plantations around Haiti. Still the Wynne Estate in Kenscoff, under the stewardship of Jane Wynne, is the Mecca for both the cuttings and the knowledge. Bamboo is a truly remarkable plant and there are many properties of bamboo for which Haiti is the latent territory for this plant and industry to flourish.
At the local time of 16:53 on 12th January 2010 an earthquake of 7.0 hit one of the most densely populated suburbs of Haiti’s capital, Port au Prince. (1) An estimated three million people were affected by the quake. 250,000 residences, 30,000 commercial buildings collapsed, a million people homeless and up to 316,000 people dead. (2) To put the shear scale of 2010 in context, one month later an earthquake 500 times more powerful, hit central Chile resulting in the deaths of 525. The 12th January 2010 was a disaster of Haiti’s lack of lightweight building materials, working practices, and construction, not nature. Recovery efforts resulted in an immediate global outpouring of aid and financial support for Haiti, a nation so embroiled in debt and widespread poverty that an internal response to the disaster was virtually impossible. While the aid response haphazardly attempted to address the immediate circumstances of the situation in Haiti, it failed to assess the natural disaster as an opportunity to address deep-seeded issues within the country and to safeguard and improve the quality of life in Haiti with long term solutions. (3)
Speed of Growth Classified as a grass and as fast growing, bamboo can grow up to one meter per day. The construction grade bamboo Guadua grows 80 percent of her volume in the first 3 months. This can be a quick source of material for charcoal production to take the burden from the slow growing trees currently deforested at an unsustainable rate for that very fuel source. After this initial growth spurt over the next 4-5 years guadua can grow up to 30 metres tall.
The problems of the Haitian construction industry are widely accepted. However, Haiti has a perfect storm scenario which makes her urban landscape extremely unforgiving. The country has suffered from immense deforestation over the latter half of the twentieth century, which has resulted in the eradication of all but 2% of Haiti’s trees (4) due to agriculture and poverty. As a sad twist the nitrogen in the soil has washed into the sea and destroyed coastal fishing economies, (5) whilst the deposits from the deforested hills have filled the coastal areas with loose alluvial soil. These areas are susceptible to liquefaction in any seismic activity (6), with Port au Prince continuing to grown on just such a terrain. In addition to the lack of building quality, the centralised aid effort following the earthquake has increased the capital’s population significantly and therefore, if the earthquake was to strike tomorrow, the death toll would probably be greater than in January 2010.
Haiti’s Topography 65% of this island nation is over a 7% gradient and bamboo grown on an incline drains faster and becomes stronger than bamboo grown on the flat. With the correct regulation, Haiti has the potential to produce some of the best construction grade bamboo in the world. Water Absorption One hectare of Guadua Bamboo can absorb up to 30,000 litres of water during the hurricane season and deposit this slowly back into the soil. With landslides being the deadly result of deforestation during these seasons this can be an instant life saver to rural communities in Haiti.
The largest and most deadly effect of deforestation in Haiti has been removal of timber as a material for the local construction industry. The future for the Haitian construction sector has to be lightweight materials. Port au Prince’s timber vernacular ‘gingerbread architecture’ proved this, as ironically, this century old timber framed homes in the capital remained standing.
Carbon Absorption Bamboo can sequester up to twice as much carbon as trees. Given the worldwide drive to curb carbon emissions through carbon offset schemes, if Haiti were to start growing bamboo for construction, then the bamboo could earn money for the grower. Not just paying for the bamboo cultivation but also providing livelihoods to those growing bamboo as well.
Five years later, post-earthquake Haiti can no longer be considered a disaster relief zone. The country is now faced with the rare opportunity to rebuild better by establishing a culture of sustainable, lightweight, secure building practices. 1. United States Geological Survey data, 2. Columbia Journalism Review, 3. New York Times, Rebuilding in Haiti Lags After Billions in Post-Quake Aid, 4. Country Profile: Haiti, 5. Threats to coral reefs - Endangered Species International, 6. The Institution of Structural Engineers: EEFIT Haiti earthquake report published
The disproportionate death toll of the two major earthquakes experienced in the America in 2010. With a much lower magnitude the death toll was devastatingly higher. This was not a disaster of nature, but one of engineering.
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2015 student project ‘Port au Prince Public Baths’ by Marc-Rochnal Louis Jean, Edward Robertson and Ke Er Zhang
A New Economy Bamboo is being used worldwide as a new hard wearing, carbon friendly material from buildings to products. Bamboo bikes and skateboards, to bamboo fashion and floorings. The work of the AA Haiti Visiting School brings a design methodology which has a wider application beyond the building.
The 2016 programme will be running in two separate consecutive courses: Summer Course: Experimental Bamboo II – 30th July – 11th August 2016 (13 days) As with many countries, bamboo is unfortunately seen as ‘the poor man’s timber’. With a specific brief to design a community facility, we are looking for students who are able to create that engaging vision of what bamboo can do spatially to change that perception.
With this incredible material and the through the process we are proposing in our third year in Haiti, our chief priority is that we leave behind a legacy which allows those interested to replicate the use and procurement of local bamboo.
This process will expose students to the following activities: • Site mapping and community discussion • Bamboo model making • 3d modelling software • Cultural lectures • Climate simulation modelling
What we will be trailblazing is: • The first use of Haitian bamboo in a structure. • Identifying new infrastructures. • Identifying and teaching treatments, joints and crafts relevant to the local bamboo.
In the bamboo forests of Northern Haiti we will have a short bamboo workshop. Here students will learn about: • Taxonomy and species types indigenous to Haiti and the region • Cutting, treatments and drying • Tools • Joinery techniques to produce a 1:1 scale component
2016 PROGRAMME ‘Can bamboo alleviate some of Haiti’s problems?’ A question many ecologists, architects and engineers have asked at a time when Haiti’s forest coverage has reached 1.4%. Deforestation has destroyed rural economies and has removed lightweight timbers from the Haitian construction sector. The consequences of which were seen in the disproportionate devastation and death-toll of the 2010 earthquake. The fast growing material of bamboo is being increasingly seen as a solution not just in binding the exposed hillsides, but as a source of low cost, lightweight, and flexible material for construction. For the third year we will be investigating the potential of bamboo, through experimental architectural design contextualised for the climate, culture and geopolitical complexities of this Caribbean paradise. Participants will be asked not only to create a vision for a specific site, activity and community, but design a structure that can act a catalyst for a change in a national relationship with the material. In the second stage of the programme, one proposal will then be constructed. The first to be built from locally sourced and treated bamboo. With community discussion, cultural lectures and visits to three areas in Haiti, participants will have a rare opportunity to embrace many aspects of this Country, whilst simultaneously learning about bamboo, new design methodologies, software, and construction skills.
Fall Course: Constructing Bamboo - 22nd - 31st October (10 days) One project will be selected from the Summer Course and will be built for the community. In the process, we will learn about bamboo construction as well as pioneering a new bamboo infrastructure in Haiti. Participants will be part of building Haiti’s first bamboo structure from locally sourced bamboo. This process will expose students to: • Taxonomy and species types indigenous to Haiti and the region • Cutting, treatments and drying • Tools • Joinery techniques • Site safety and equipment • Working as part of a construction team • Cultural lectures and festivities • Community engagement To compliment the construction process, 3D software will be taught as we discover the role it can play on the construction site in: finding measurements; recording changes to the bamboo structure; rapidly testing variations or alternatives to the design, and these skills will also be taught. Participants will also be involved in developing the long-term strategy beyond the building site. With community participation, and workshops with carpenters and artisans, we will partake in a two way knowledge transfer to maintain these skills locally, long after the course. 5
SUMMER COURSE: EXPERIMENTAL BAMBOO II 30th July - 11th August 2016
Introduction This course will be an intensive fortnight of study, innovation and testing. This will include site mapping and community discussion; physical and computer modelling; climate and wind testing analysis; seismic structural examination; and a bamboo material and construction workshop, to learn about bamboo and build a 1:1 component of each project. This intensive course will be spread over three locations to give students the atmosphere necessary to engage with all aspects of the country and the brief. The task will be do design a gathering space for a community in central Haiti. Each project will have to respect cultural tradition at the same time as working with the contradiction of an unfamiliar material. Working in groups of three, we are inviting students to design an occupyable space, and the first to use local bamboo as structure. Given the ecological devastation and lack of lightweight materials in construction, we are asking student’s projects to simultaneously answer two questions: ‘What is the role of the architect in such a context?’ And ‘Can bamboo help in alleviating some of Haiti’s problems? We are asking students to design a structure that can change the population’s relationship with bamboo, and be part of pioneering that new bamboo infrastructure. Location We will start and end the course under the influence of the capital Port au Prince. In between we will discover a different environment in the north of Haiti, and travel to the bamboo plantations of Marmelade. In so doing we will also visit and map the site where students will be proposing their projects and where one of these proposals will actually be built in October 2017.
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Port au Prince is often described as the ‘Republic of Port au Prince’, given its political and economic control over the rest of the country. With a population of 3 million, a third of all Haitian’s live in this metropolis. Here we will see what condition the political heart of the nation is 6 and a half years following the devastating earthquake of 2010. We will discuss some of the issues that the students on the 2015 course were faced with. These will offer an insight into the economic, demographic and political reasons why the heart of Port au Prince lays in its current state, paralysed from reconstruction. We will also visit the residential neighbourhoods which are home to the remaining gingerbread houses. The structural and occupational design of these buildings are filled with lessons for the future of Haitian architecture and especially for ourselves. We will end the week by exhibiting our work in the city as well as dancing the night away to the sound of voodoo roots at the infamous Oloffson hotel. Marmelade in the north of Haiti is home to the largest bamboo plantation, treatment facility and factory in Haiti. This will be our base for the majority of the course. We will work and study here. The rural north of the country is filled with stories and mystery. A different culture and climate to that of Port au Prince this will open our minds to the possibilities of bamboo and our eyes to a corner of Haiti less travelled.
Diego Perez Espitia, lecturing on Rhino and Grasshopper softwares on the 2015 course.
doing so we will look at the typology being proposed. What does this mean for the population and what is the wider historic and cultural relativism on the National scale? This will be an opportunity to meet and discuss with the community the project and take away a strong body of research to drive projects through the critiques and exercises of the following days. This community discussion will also form the framework of the final jury, in which projects will be presented by participants to those who will be the users. This process will include: • Lecture on the typology of the building to be created. • Meeting with members of the committee responsible for this project and the other cultural institution on the site to answer questions. • The history of the town. • An example of the types of activity in which the structure will be designed for. • Dinner with members of the community to share ideas. Bamboo model making Bamboo has the fantastic ability to display the same material properties at many scales. As a result bamboo model making has become an art in itself and we will use this tool. These bamboo models offer material and structural information in real time as we endeavour to express initial formal responses to the site investigation and community discussion. We will document all this information, from these intuitive models.
Site mapping and Community Engagement We will begin our design process by visiting the site of the structure in the centre of Haiti and we will use the time to see the site and map information we find all around us. This will be the time to engage with the community and understand the properties of the site and the needs of the end users. In
3D Modelling and Climate and Aerodynamic Analysis After our physical modelling investigations we will take these models into the computer. We will use Rhinoceros 3D as our modelling tool
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2014 student project: Lakou Granpa Wynne by Mehdi Martel, Analí Guzmán and Karl Regis
to create a model which can be studied and developed to optimise the design. Following this software such as Karamba, Geco (Ecotect), and Diva will be available as tools to assist with the line of inquiry groups are working with and not as design drivers in themselves. These tools will allow groups to subject designs to climate and aerodynamic data and allow us time for refinement to mitigate the effects of Haiti’s natural vulnerabilities. With class tutorials in presentation software such as Creative Suite we want all students at the end of the course to present a portfolio to a high standard. As tools for testing and conveying our ideas this vast palate of software tools will be taught from a position of no prior knowledge. Seismic Considerations With the kind sponsorship from ARUP, we will be joined by a structural engineer with an extensive background in seismic engineering and bamboo. We will all be introduced to what should be considered when designing any structure in a seismic zone. Cultural Discussions Haiti has some of the most unique architectural traditions in the Caribbean. From the urban typologies of the Lakou (courtyard settlement), to the community building typologies of the Choukoun (gathering space) and Gagè (bird fighting arenas), to the BeauxArts inspired Gingerbread architecture, these traditions are visual, structural, and functional. They allowed Haitians to comfortably live in a tropical climate, withstand earthquakes and establish a proud identity. We will be joined by those in the community and cultural institutions who have worked to preserve these aspects of Haitian architectural identity and students will be expected to embed what has been learnt into their projects. We are indeed asking students to design a vision of a new lightweight Haitian construction, but this new material system should be inserted into the long line of Haiti’s vernacular traditions, not at their expense. Bamboo Material Workshop In the bamboo forest and factory in the heart of the north of Haiti we will have a short bamboo workshop. Here students will learn about: • Species types indigenous to Haiti and the region • Taxonomy • Cutting, treatments and drying • Tools • Joints
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With the knowledge of bamboo construction students will be given the opportunity to create a 1:1 component of their proposed structure. We hope this will be a learning experience for all involved as we learn the opportunities and limitations of bamboo and the potential problems ahead in the construction of the full structure. Tutors and stuents site mappingaround the Iron Market in downtown Port au prince on the 2015 course.
Portfolio and Credits At the end of the course all groups will be expected to present their projects to a selection of professors of architecture, cultural experts in their field, and members of the community. Students will also be asked to also present a portfolio of work at the end of the course to the tutors in what are known as ‘tables’. The awarding of the certification of completion with accompanying grades will be dependent on effort, attendance and most importantly a final portfolio of work. At the AA
School a strong emphasis is placed on the student’s ability to curate a portfolio and articulate the project in a concise manner. Students will leave the course with new digital, conceptual and physical skills. We will be constantly learning from the backdrop of what is an intense culture and stunning country and one group will have their structure selected to be built in the October of 2017.
Sebastian Kaminski of ARUP lecturing students on seismic considerations in design and construction. 7
BAMBOO PLANTATION OF MARMELADE SPECIES
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Bambusa Vulgaris (Regular and Yellow Shrad) Bambusa Oldhami Bambusa Multiplex Dendrocalamus Strictus Phyllostachys Makinoi Guadua Angustifolia
TREATMENT We will learn about the reasons why it is important to treat the bamboo in the factory. There are four bamboo baths in Marmelade. We will be using the environmentally friendly process of treating the bamboo with borax/boric acid and learn about how this solution can still be used following the treatment of bamboo.
Dormitory facilities in Marmelade
TOOLS The factory is well equipped with hand tools, and a generator for permanent electricity. In addition to hand held tools there are also: • 8 fixed drills • 1 band saw • 1 circular saw • 1 large table circular saw • 1 compressor
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TOWN OF MARMELADE The plantation is ina very rural setting at an altitude of 750 m above sea level and is colder than Port au Prince. Not far from the plantation is the small town of Marmelade which will give all of us the opportunity to stick up on essential items whilst we are in the planation.
One of the four baths used for treating the bamboo.
The bamboo plantations of Marmelade, Northern Haiti.
FALL COURSE: CONSTRUCTING THE PROTOTYPE 22nd - 31st October 2016
Introduction In the fall course participants will learn about bamboo construction, the role of 3d modelling software on the construction site and will be part of building up a body of documentation so that the knowledge and techniques developed on this project can form a blueprint for others in Haiti to replicate.
Cultural Lectures It is important that we embrace this indefatigable nation and immerse ourselves in Haitian life particularly to vernacular typologies in which this occurs. We will sit down and listen to stories and lectures to understand the cultural and historical context in which we are working to understand the background of Haitian architecture, both programmatic and performative typologies and the geopolitical context in which we are working.
We will be constructing one project from the summer course which will subsequently have been engineered in the intervening months. Since this proposal will be unique in many ways we expect there to be additional challenges through the construction process, all providing chances to learn about building an experimental bamboo structure in the context of Haiti.
Community Building Programme We will engage with many groups of carpenters and local builders throughout the process. There will be daily site visits from others and we ask our participants to embrace this knowledge dissemination. We will be a group from many countries and backgrounds and it is important that everyone is included in this process, and at the end of the days work (often over Prestige’s and Barbancourt), we will share knowledge, stories, ideas and life experiences.
Location Once again we will be starting in Port au Prince surrounded by the intensity of this sprawling Caribbean metropolis. From here we will visit Kenscoff where many species were first introduced to Haiti by Victor Wynne in the 1950’s. Since, his daughter Jane and her family have been on the front line in the battle against deforestation and we will learn about bamboo, as well as the challenges facing the propagation of bamboo in Haiti. We will spend the at least 7 days on the construction site in the North of Haiti before returning to Port au Prince on the 31st October. Our final day in Port au Prince will be a chance to present the project and what we have built and learnt to a collection of local architects, horticulturists and community leaders.
Computer Modelling Given the innovative nature of the design being constructed onsite we would like to maintain an up to date 3D model of the project. This allows us to rethink and test elements before deciding to implement these into the final structure. This is also a great tool for taking complex and highly accurate measurements. Parametric structural software will also be available to also test the effects of any redesigns to the overall structural system. All 3D software and parametric software will be taught alongside the construction process and will be tutored from a position of no prior knowledge.
Bamboo Material Workshop In Kenscoff we will learn about bamboo the grass and on site we will learn about bamboo the construction material. This process split over two locations will include learning about: • The history of bamboo in Haiti. • Taxonomy, species identification, growing in Haiti and the region. • Bamboo harvesting and treatment methods. • Bamboo cutting, planks and joints at 1:1 or 1:2 scale.
Infrastructure Development As important as the construction process, participants will also be involved in developing the long-term strategy beyond the building site. As important as the construction of this prototypical bamboo structure is, a larger question is how this project can act as a catalyst to change Haiti’s relationship with lightweight materials. This is a global issue in a much more divided world where deforestation is growing and the poorest in society are forced to live in badly constructed inadequate structures. The way we discuss and design this process will touch on many areas outside architecture and we will here projects from invited lectures to make us think about the difficulties in this process.
Bamboo construction process, health and safety Under the direction of a skilled bamboo carpenter and a small team of bamboo technicians participants will get stuck into the construction process on site. The design of the structure will be selected from the participants on the summer course in which participants will be asked to be as experimental and push the vision of bamboo in Haitian construction as far as possible. As a result those on the fall course as well as returning participants will inherit this unique design and this will provide many challenges which are all elements to learn¬¬ from. There will be many scales of involvement in the construction process. Certain elements which need to be prefabricated on site before forming part of the structure, as well as areas of the design that need to be re-thought.
Portfolios We want all students to create portfolios of their own experiences onsite along with models, drawings, sketches experiences and stories of your experience of building and interactions with local builders, carpenters and other members of the team. All this research will be form a very comprehensive personal document and provide the contents of a book we will be publishing after the course in the effort to change attitudes and simplify the process of building with bamboo in Haiti.
2014 student project: Woven bamboo by Stephanie de la Rose, Krystel Jeager and Jameson Alexis 9
INFORMATION FOR CURRENT STUDENTS OF ARCHITECTURE, DESIGN OR ENGINEERING The AA Haiti Visiting School Course covers a broad range of topics. Each will be documented for participants and along with the certificate of completion, each student will receive a course transcript. Course transcripts will record key areas of the curriculum with learning objectives achieved and the hours devoted to each. This can potentially be HAITI VISITING used inAA seeking credit transferableSCHOOL to your college or university. If you wish SUMMER: 30thplease July –contact 11th August 2016 | WINTER: 3rdout JANUARY to enquire about this your institution and find if this is – 15TH January 2017 possible and then how we may be able to assist.
Our teaching Information staff comprisesfor of working andofgraduates of all levels currentarchitects students Architecture, Design or Engineering of the AA School whom have worked for some of the largest and most articulate design practices theHaiti world.Visiting Including Zaha Hadid Architects, andrange of topics. Each will be documented for participants TheinAA School Course covers Foster a broad Partners, MAD China, Farshid Architecture and Gensler. Thestudent staff and along with Moussavi the certificate of completion, each will receive a course transcript. also consists of local artisans, horticulturists, engineers and architects and our partnership with ARUP brings awill comprehensive and material Course transcripts record key structural areas of the curriculum with learning objectives achieved and the hours knowledge to the classroom and the building site. With a high tutor to student devoted to each. This can potentially be used in seeking credit transferable to your college or university. If you ratio throughout all stages of the course, students will have the opportunity to wish enquire about please yourfrom institution closely engage withtothe knowledge andthis passions of contact professionals all over and find out if this is possible and then how we may be able to assist. the world.
Our teaching comprises ofhave working architects and graduates of all levels of the AA School whom have The AA Haiti Visiting Schoolstaff summer course will student to tutor contact worked some of the largest articulate design practices in the world. Including Zaha Hadid time of 5 hours per day,for with an additional 7 hoursand per most day classed as private study. An additional 5-10 hours perand dayPartners, of tutor contact is available onMoussavi the Architects, Foster MADtime China, Farshid Architecture and Gensler. The staff also consists request of individual groups. The curriculum is structured to allow for informal of local artisans, horticulturalists, engineers and architects and our partnership with ARUP brings a discourse and we look to the participants to be responsible for their own comprehensive structural and material knowledge to the classroom and the building site. With a high tutor to workload. The student to tutor ratio is no more than 5:1. student ratio throughout all stages of the course, students will have the opportunity to closely engage with the
knowledge professionals from all over the world. The total course hours thatand can passions be recordedofare 156, and these are broken down in the course transcript.
The AA Haiti Visiting School summer course will have student to tutor contact time of 5 with an additional 7 hours per day classed as private study. An additional 5-10 hours per day of tutor contact time is available on the request of individual groups. The curriculum is structured to allow for informal discourse and we look to the participants to be responsible for their own workload. The student to tutor ratio is no more than 5:1. The bamboo factory at the plantation in Marmelade in the North of Haiti, our studio and workshop for the Summer 2016 course.
The total course hours that can be recorded are 156, and these are broken down in the course transcript. SUBJECT 1.
2.
CONSTRUCTION SITE SAFETY Health and safety CLIMATE Principals of carbon neutrality, regenerative and sustainable design
Summer Course
3.
COMPLIANCE Legal, regulatory and statutory framework and processes
Hours
Health and safety introduction at the bamboo factory in Marmelade where we will be working.
2
Discussions regarding designing in the Caribbean and tropical climates. Integration through design stages the ideas discussed about designing for the Haitian climate. Exposure to Ecotect, DIVA and Autodesk Flow software. Introduction to the issues involving building in Haiti including permits and land ownership. Introduction to the necessary seismic and hurricane codes we will be following. American
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CONCEPTUAL AND STRUCTURAL DESIGN
8
10
60
Critical discussion on the brief and interpreting the information from the site studies and community discussions. Attendance of daily design tutorials with tutors. Critical reaction to tutors input and group design decisions. Documentation of design process. Production of media to articulate design process. Introduction to the material of bamboo by ARUP. ‘Bamboo in Architecture’ workshop with ARUP.
Society of Civil Engineers Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures Chapters 11-31. 4.
Winter Course
Hours
Health and safety introduction to the construction site. Daily site inspections. Lecture on the health and safety in developing countries. Testing of the structure in climatic analysis software. Discussions regarding designing in the Caribbean and tropical climates. Exposure to Ecotect, DIVA and Autodesk Flow software.
5
Required permits for building in the area from the political administration. Introduction to the issues involving building in Haiti including permits and land ownership. Experience of building to the necessary seismic and hurricane codes we will be following.
10
5
American Society of Civil Engineers Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures Chapters 11-31.
AA Haiti Visiting Programme,
5.
COMMUNITY COLLABORATION
6.
CONTEXT The historic environment and its setting
7.
SOFTWARE TUTORIALS
8.
BAMBOO MODELLING
9.
REPLICATABLE DESIGN
10. INFRASTRUCTURE
11. ON SITE CONSTRUCTION 12. CONSTURCTION OF BAMBOO JOINTS 13. MATERIAL STUDIES
TOTAL
15
Lecture by FOKAL on the ‘Gingerbread’ vernacular tropical style of architecture. Lecture on the building typology and the relevance to the community and national culture. Tour of the Mellon House by John Lord King, student of Frank Lloyd Wright. A unique example of tropical modernism. 3D modelling in Rhinoceros 3D. Technical drawing in AutoCAD or Rhinoceros 3D. Aerodynamic simulation through Autodesk Flow. Climate analysis through Diva, Geco and Ecotect. Structural analysis with Karamba. V-ray and Adobe Creative Suite to render and present projects. Modelling with bamboo sticks to begin to develop a formal expression. Working with local bamboo technicians and craftsmen to maintain design ideas in the factory workforce. Discussion on the issues facing developing the bamboo infrastructure in Haiti and how such an infrastructure can be established in Haiti.
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17
Construction of one joint or component to be built from bamboo, originating from a group’s project. Lecture on precedent projects using bamboo. Taxonomy, species types indigenous to Haiti and the region. Tour of factory and introduction to cutting, treatments, drying, and tools. Intermediate presentation to peers, tutors and bamboo technicians in Marmelade. Presentation of final projects to the local community and the structures end users. Portfolio checks at the end of the course to assess all participants. Verbal articulation of the project and issues, and discussion regarding design decisions.
Working will local contractors. Working with carpenters from around the area. Engagement with end users to articulate the construction process and assist in disseminating construction knowledge. Constant critical analysis of onsite construction decisions and how they affect the design concept. Lecture by FOKAL on the ‘Gingerbread’ vernacular tropical style of architecture. Lecture on the building typology and the relevance to the community and national culture. Tour of the Mellon House by John Lord King, student of Frank Lloyd Wright. A unique example of tropical modernism. 3D modelling in Rhinoceros 3D. Technical drawing in AutoCAD or Rhinoceros 3D. V-ray and Adobe Creative Suite to render and present projects.
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7
10
10 3
3
14. PORTFOLIO AND PRESENTATION
Site visit to geographically map the site. Discussion with residents, community groups and the end users on site. Presentation to the local community and end users following the design phase.
Engagement with end users to articulate the construction process and assist in disseminating construction knowledge. Lectures on the wider bamboo infrastructure. Production of media relating to documenting the new bamboo procurement routes of the project. Construction of bamboo structure.
5
10
60
10
Small scale construction of components of the overall structure.
10
8
Lecture on precedent projects using bamboo. Introduction to taxonomy, species types indigenous to Haiti and the region. Lecture on cutting, treatments and drying, and tools.
9
Portfolio of documentation of building process. Presentation of diary and portfolio at the end of the course.
5
5
156
156
AA Haiti Visiting Programme, Architectural Association School of Architecture, London, WC1B 3ES, United Kingdom +44 (0)20 7887 4014 | haiti@aaschool.ac.uk | haiti.aaschool.ac.uk
Aerodynamic testing on the helix bridge design. 2015 student project: Enlivening by Tan Schnight-dy Azilien, Tan Yen Lin and Masha Otello 11
INFORMATION FOR PROFESSIONALS IN ARCHITECTURE, DESIGN website: AND ENGINEERING You are free to develop your CPD based on our study notes, or you may instead choose other learning The RIBA outlines this additional information on the, ‘What can I count as CPD? 2015’ section of the RIBA
pathways. As long the subject of study fits in one of the ten broad topics somehow, it will count toward yourrespected core curriculum requirement. whom, at what and howtoyou The RIBA is an institution worldwidesubject and promotes continuedWhat, where, • fromAward at least 100detail learning points the choose individual CPD to study each ofdesign the ten topics depends on the expertise you activities need in practice. learning of those who are working in the and architecture professions. you carry out. Assigning points represents your The AA Haiti Visiting Summer and courses have been designed to in the core curriculum assessmentisofvery what broad, you got too. out ofWhether the CPD activity, School The possibility forFall permissible learning activities your and will fit around the RIBA Continued Development (CPD)or guidelines. be the result of if the time you spent reflecting. learningProfessional was structured and formal, informal, general and self-directed, you learned from it, and it All RIBA chartered member, architects are expected to conduct the following • does not Gain at least half of your CPD from structured learning covered a core curriculum topic, it was CPD. The CPD have to be formal, it does not have to each year: activities, unless your circumstances prevent it. be spelled out in our suggested study notes and it does not have to come from or be accredited by the to count. • Undertake atRIBA least 35 hours of CPD. The 35 hours are the minimum Therefore the AA Haiti Visiting School Summer and Fall curricula’s amount of time you need to spend each year maintaining your will be delivered in a way to make sure that: Tutorials; tutor to Therefore the AA Haiti Visiting School Summer and Winter curricula’s will be time; delivered in aphysical way toconstruction; make sure and group competence. participant contact lectures; • 20 that: of theTutorials; required 35tutor hours come from the tentime; topicslectures; in the physical discussions will tackle RIBA CPDdiscussions Core Curriculum tomust participant contact construction; and group willtopics tackleand RIBA CPDCPD Core Core Curriculum (two hours per topic year). the required surpass thetime. required contact time. RIBA Curriculum topics andper surpass contact
RIBA CPD Topic 1. BEING SAFE Health and safety
2. CLIMATE Sustainable architecture A) Briefing
RIBA Description
CDM (or similar outside the UK), particularly designers' responsibilities Workplace health and safety Employers' responsibilities Risk assessment
AAHTVS: Summer Course Health and safety introduction at the bamboo factory in Marmelade where we will be working.
Discussions regarding designing in the Caribbean and tropical climates. In the lectures in which we introduce the material of bamboo, we will discuss the carbon offsetting, and ecological benefits of the grass. .
Regulations, codes, guidance and Integration through design standards (current and planned) stages the ideas discussed about designing for the Heat loss parameters and Haitian climate. understanding the relationship between air tightness, insulation, Exposure to Ecotect, DIVA AA HAITI VISITING SCHOOL glazing, heat loss 3and and2017 Autodesk Flow rd solar gain. SUMMER: 30th July – 11th August 2016 | WINTER: JANUARY – 15TH January software. Understanding the energy assessment process.
B) Design Process
4. INTERNAL MANAGEMENT Professionalism, practice, business and management
5. COMPLIANCE Legal, regulatory and statutory framework and processes
Knowledge of climate change and climate change science and impact of both mitigation and adaptation Communicating the importance of low carbon design Understanding and prioritising energy efficiency in low carbon design Importance of sustainable design from inception to completion and handover including post-occupancy evaluation and feedback Understanding the impact of choices on traditional and old buildings
3. EXTERNAL MANAGEMENT Clients, users and delivery of services
AAHTVS: Winter Course
Material selection, embedded energy, recycling and minimising waste. Whole life carbon foot printing. Resource energy efficiency, materials, water, energy and behaviour. Client relationship management. Briefing/getting the brief right/context of the brief. Adding value through design and services. Obligations to stakeholders. Architect's obligation to society and the protection of the environment. Effective communication, presentation, pitching, confirmation and recording. Team working and leadership.
+44 (0)20 7887 4014 | haiti@aaschool.ac.uk | haiti.aaschool.ac.uk
Critical discussion on the brief and interpreting the information from the site studies and community discussions.
Constant critical analysis of onsite construction decisions and how they affect the design concept.
Participating in a knowledge transfer with local bamboo technicians and craftsmen to maintain design ideas in the factory workforce. Introduction to the issues involving building in Haiti including permits and land ownership. Introduction to the necessary seismic and hurricane codes we will be following. American Society of Civil Engineers Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures Chapters 11-31.
Working will local contractors. Working with carpenters from around the area.
Discussion on the issues facing developing the bamboo infrastructure in Haiti and how such an
The relevant UK (or overseas if you work elsewhere) legal systems and processes, civil liabilities and the laws of contract and tort (delict)
The effect of different procurement routes on programme, cost, risk, quality. Collaboration and briefing in
Studying the design in climatic software. Discussions regarding designing in the Caribbean and tropical climates. In the lectures in which we introduce the material of bamboo, we will discuss the carbon offsetting, and ecological benefits of the grass.
Exposure to Ecotect, DIVA and Autodesk Flow software. Assessing the environmental performance of the structure in built form. Discussion on the new bamboo procurement infrastructure and calculating the AA Haiti Visiting Programme, embodied energy in the Architectural Association School of Architecture, London, WC1B 3ES, United Kingdom project.
6. PROCUREMENT AND CONTRACTS
Health and safety introduction. Daily site inspections. Lecture on the health and safety in developing countries.
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Required permits for building in the area. Introduction to the issues involving building in Haiti including permits and land ownership. Experience of building to the necessary seismic and hurricane codes we will be following. American Society of Civil Engineers Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures Chapters 1131. Working will local contractors. Working with carpenters from around the area.
6. PROCUREMENT AND CONTRACTS
7. DESIGNING AND BUILDING IT Structural design, construction, technology and engineering
The effect of different procurement routes on programme, cost, risk, quality. Collaboration and briefing in construction and provisions for team working.
Architectural design. BIM, CAD, modelling, mapping and visualisation. Optimum physical, thermal and acoustic environments. Systems for environmental comfort within the relevant precepts of sustainable design.
Discussion on the issues facing developing the bamboo infrastructure in Haiti and how such an infrastructure can be established in Haiti.
3D modelling in Rhinoceros 3D. Technical drawing in AutoCAD or Rhinoceros 3D. Aerodynamic simulation through Autodesk Flow. Climate analysis through Diva, Geco and Ecotect. Structural analysis with Karamba. V-ray and Adobe Creative Suite to render and present projects. Attendance of daily design tutorials with tutors. Critical reaction to tutors input and group design decisions. Documentation of design process. Production of media to articulate design process. Introduction to the material of bamboo by ARUP. ‘Bamboo in Architecture’ workshop with ARUP. AA HAITI VISITING SCHOOL Construction of one joint or component SUMMER: 30th July – 11th August 2016 | WINTER: 3rd JANUARY – 15TH January 2017 to be built from bamboo, originating from a group’s project. 8. WHERE PEOPLE LIVE Communities, urban and rural design and the planning process
9. CONTEXT The historic environment and its setting
10. ACCESS FOR ALL Universal or inclusive design.
The influence of design and development on places, communities, non-urban areas and cities. The needs and aspirations of communities, and space and building users. The ways in which spaces and places fit into their local context The role played by design within the larger community context. Cultural significance. Historical significance. Architectural significance. Aesthetic qualities and values. Investigation, materials, technology and the building environment. Social, environmental and financial issues. Community consultation and engagement and working with user groups
Buildings and Other Structures Chapters 1131. Working will local contractors. Working with carpenters from around the area. Discussion on the new bamboo procurement infrastructure. 3D modelling in Rhinoceros 3D. Technical drawing in AutoCAD or Rhinoceros 3D. V-ray and Adobe Creative Suite to render and present projects. Construction of bamboo structure. Small scale construction of components of the overall structure.
Lecture on the building typology and the relevance to the community and national culture.
Lecture on the building
Lecture by FOKAL on the ‘Gingerbread’ vernacular tropical style of architecture. Tour of the Mellon House by John Lord King, student of Frank Lloyd Wright. A unique example of tropical modernism.
Site visit to geographically map the site. Discussion with local groups on site. Presentation to the local community following the design phase.
Engagement with end
typology and the relevance to the AA Haiti Visiting community andProgramme, national Architectural Association School of Architecture, London, WC1B 3ES, United Kingdom culture. | haiti.aaschool.ac.uk +44 (0)20 7887 4014 | haiti@aaschool.ac.uk
Lecture by FOKAL on the ‘Gingerbread’ vernacular tropical style of architecture. Tour of the Mellon House by John Lord King, student of Frank Lloyd Wright. A unique example of tropical modernism. users to articulate the construction process and assist in disseminating construction knowledge.
Those to document CPDSheet will be in issued with an The RIBA outlines this additional information their on the, ‘What can Those wishing to document CPD will beI count issued with anwishing AA Haiti VS CPDtheir Record addition to AA theHaiti VS CPD as CPD? 2015’ sectiontranscript of the RIBA website: Record Sheet the course transcript and certificate. Information course and certificate. Information is ever changing andinif addition you aretoundertaking the RIBA CPD is ever Institute changing of andBritish if you are undertaking the RIBA CPD programme, we ask programme, we ask that you check yourself with the Royal Architects, • You are free to develop your CPD based on our study notes, that you check yourself with the Royal Institute of British Architects, https://www.architecture.com/RIBA/CPD/CPD.aspx or you may instead choose other learning pathways. As https://www.architecture.com/RIBA/CPD/CPD.aspx. long the subject of study fits in one of the ten broad We are also aware of the difficulties in getting time offWe toare joinalso us aware in Haiti and therefore we would like to topics somehow, it will count toward your core curriculum of the difficulties in getting time off to join us in Haiti encourage employers to cover the cost of the course for their staff and allow to attend withouttolet or the cost of subject requirement. What, where, from whom, at what and therefore we would likethem to encourage employers cover hindrance. In return this kind weten aretopics willing theforemployers name inthem subsequent documentation detail and how you choosefor to study eachact of the to publish the course their staff and allow to attend without let or hindrance. depends the expertise you need inofpractice. In return for kind act weopportunities are willing to publish the employers name in as anon ‘Intermediate Sponsor’ the course. More information onthis sponsorship and sponsor tiers are • Theavailable possibilityfrom for permissible learning activities in the subsequent documentation as an ‘Intermediate Sponsor’ of the course. More the AA Haiti Visiting School on core request. curriculum is very broad, too. Whether your learning was information on sponsorship opportunities and sponsor tiers are available from structured and formal, or informal, general and self-directed, the AA Haiti Visiting School on request. if you learned from it, and it covered a core curriculum topic, it was CPD. The CPD does not have to be formal, it does not have to be spelled out in our suggested study notes and it does not have to come from or be accredited by the RIBA to count. 13
APPLICATIONS
ELIGIBILITY
1) You can make an application by completing the online application found under ‘Links and downloads’ on the AA Visiting School page. If you are not able to make an online application, email visitingschool@aaschool.ac.uk for instructions to pay by bank transfer. 2) Once you complete the online application and make a full payment, you are registered to the programme. A brief sample of past work (no more than 5mb) should be sent to haiti@aaschool.ac.uk upon application and we would also appreciate it if you could express your interests relevant to the topics in the brief.
The workshop is open to students, professionals or PhD candidates from a variety of backgrounds who find an interest in the agenda of the course, as well as those with a background in architecture, engineering and design. Software Requirements: Adobe Creative Suite, Rhinoceros 3D and Grasshopper, and Adobe Flow. Though prior knowledge is welcome, all software will be introduced from a level of no prior knowledge. We do ask for a small sample of past work (no more than 5mb) to be sent to haiti@aaschool.ac.uk upon application.
The deadline for applications will be: • Summer Course and Combined Course payment: 30th June 2016. • Fall Course: 8th October 2016. All participants travelling from abroad are responsible for securing any visa required, and are advised to contact their home embassy early. After payment of fees, the AA School can provide a letter confirming participation in the workshop.
FEES
ACCOMMODATION
The AA Visiting School requires a fee per participant, all fees include: • Accommodation • Meals whilst onsite • Airport/coach pickups for those arriving/departing from Port au Prince, Tabarre, or Petionville.
Summer Course: Fees include accommodation for those arriving in Port au Prince on the 29th July and departing Port au Prince on the 12th August. Any additional days prior to the 29th July, or the night of the 12th August onwards will have to be arranged by the participant. Fall Course: Fees include accommodation for those arriving in Port au Prince on the 21st October 2016 and departing Port au Prince on the 1st November 2016. Any additional days prior to the 21st October 2016 or the night of the 1st November 2016 onwards will have to be arranged by the participant.
Summer Course: Experimental Bamboo II (13 Days) £885 Fall Course: Constructing Bamboo (13 days) £905 Summer and Fall Combined Course (to be paid by 30th June 2016) £1625 All fees require an additional £60 Visiting Membership fee. This only has to be paid once no matter which combination of courses are selected.
Fees do not include transport to/from Haiti, but will include airport/ coach station pick-ups and transfers for participants arriving/departing from Port au Prince, Tabarre, or Petionville. (For any students arriving in Cap Haitian we can arrange a transfer at extra cost). Students need to bring their own laptops and digital equipment. Please ensure this equipment is covered by your own insurance as the AA takes no responsibility for items lost or stolen at the workshop.
Rose-May Guignard of CIAT (Interministerial Committee for Territorial Development) discussing the issues which paralyse the development of the downtown of Port au Prince, 5 years on from the 2010 earthquake. 14
TUTORS John Osmond Naylor AA School, London, UK & SUTD, Singapore
Diego Perez Espitia PerezReiter Architects, Bogota, Colombia
Originally from South Shields, UK, John graduated from the Architectural Association in 2013. He won the AA Holloway Prize and the Fosters Prize for Sustainable Infrastructure for his final thesis project based in Haiti. He is interested in the regenerative potential of architecture both social and ecological, with bamboo as a key material to be utilised. John has worked in London, Paris and Beijing for firms including MAD-China, Farshid Moussavi Architecture, and rare architects. He is currently a research assistant at SUTD in Singapore and has recently been working alongside Jörg Stamm on a project in Indonesia. He has taught at the Architectural Association (London); Tsinghua University (Beijing); the Leeds School of Architecture (UK); and continues to direct the AA Visiting School in Haiti.
Diego Perez-Espitia is a registered Colombian architect. He graduated with honours from University of Los Andes (2000) and obtained his Masters degree in Architecture and Urbanism with a thesis on Parametric Urbanism at the Architectural Association’s Design Research Lab (2008). For the last seven years his work has focused on the application of algorithmic design techniques at a wide range of urban and architecture design projects. Diego has worked for Zaha Hadid Architects and MAD Architects, where he founded and lead the Parametric Design Team. He is now founding partner at PerezReiter Architects, based in Colombia and Austria, where he currently explores the potentials and constraints of generative design and digital fabrication through architecture and interior design commissions. Diego has taught at University of Los Andes (Bogota), Tsinghua University (Beijing) and the Architectural Association (London), and has lectured at universities and design institutes in Colombia, Wales, England, Turkey and China. He is Director of the AA Bogota Visiting School.
Aditya Aachi Cullinan Studio, London, UK
Rose Di Sarno Gensler, Los Angels, USA
Aditya is currently a Part II Architect at Cullinan Studio in London. He gained his undergraduate degree at the Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL and his Diploma at the Architectural Association School of Architecture. While at the Architectural Association he was awarded the Foster+Partners and AA prize for Infrastructure and Sustainability 2011. Aditya is interested in exploring the role of the architect in humanitarian and sociopolitically complex situations. He has worked with various NGO’s and charities as well as the UN to deliver and develop both architectural projects and consultation tools. While working internationally for architecture practices such as Grimshaw Architects and Foster+ Partners, Aditya pursued his interests in infrastructure and political lobbying. He was part of the design team for the Lubetkin Prize winning Casa Kike at Gianni Botsford Architects.
Rose graduated from the University of Southern California in 2008 with a Bachelor of Architecture degree. During her time at USC, Rose travelled extensively through Southeast Asia, observing and studying the adaptive modernization of densely populated countries in which the extremes of the economic spectrum are visible. Paired with a team of students from the University of Malaya in Kuala Lumpur, Rose worked to develop sensitive, site specific architectural solutions for over-crowded, under-funded schools in Siem Reap, Cambodia. Professionally, Rose has worked in Beijing, China, where her projects ranged in scale from single family residential projects, to urban art installations, cultural centres and large scale commercial developments. She currently lives and works in Los Angles, California.
Nathalie Jolivert Architectural Designer, Port au Prince
Sebastian Kaminski (Material and Structural Engineering Consultant) ARUP, London, UK Sebastian is a Chartered Senior Structural Engineer working for Arup in London, and a Director of Engage for Development, a charity that supports projects in the developing world. He has extensive experience in the design of buildings, with particular interest in seismic design. He currently focuses on developing appropriate and sustainable low-cost housing in the developing world, in particular using traditional technologies and materials. Sebastian also advises on the structural use of bamboo within Arup, recently co-authoring internal guidance notes for Arup, which covered preservative treatment, member design and connection detailing. He has been involved in designs and reviews of projects using bamboo in Latin America and South-East Asia, and has published several peer-reviewed papers on the topic.
Nathalie graduated from the Rhode Island School of Design in 2012 with a Bachelor of Architecture and a Bachelor of Fine Arts. During her years at RISD she won the Gensler National Diversity Award in 2011 which featured her eco-touristic project for the indigenous Wayuu tribe of La Guajira in Colombia. Professionally, Nathalie worked on various projects with Architecture For Humanity and Studio Drum Collaborative in Haiti. As a painter, she also won a travel art residency to Bangladesh and Malawi with the USAID towards an exhibition at the Frontiers in Development Forum in Washington, DC (2014). Nathalie currently lives and works in Port-au-Prince, Haiti.
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READING LIST HAITI Bradt Guide to Haiti, which is the most in depth guide written about the country and is also the most up to date. Haiti: The Tumultuous History – From Pearl of the Caribbean to Broken Nation by Philippe Girard. A very concise history of Haiti which puts in a very clear way the story of one of the richest countries in the world descending into one of the poorest. The Big Truck That Went By: How the World Came to Save Haiti and Left Behind a Disaster by Jonathan M. Katz, a powerful account of the 2012 earthquake and candid look into the aid effort which followed. Haiti Now by The Now Institute. The Now Institute of UCLA has produced a ‘visual almanac’ of the issues and opportunities facing Haiti in the present. With a collection of images and essays including one by our very own Nathalie Jolivert, this book is a great foundation of knowledge. BAMBOO Building with Bamboo by Gernot Minke. A very great textbook which shows bamboo material specifications as well as a very broad range of reference projects. Simón Vélez: Architect Mastering Bamboo by Pierre Frey and Simon Velez, a retrospective look at Simon Velez’s career which brought attention to the use of bamboo in contemporary architecture. His training and professional career offer an interesting insight into how bamboo can be accepted by the mainstream construction sector, as well as the overwhelming new opportunities the material gives the field of architecture. Bamboo: The Gift of the Gods by Oscar Hidalgo López, one of the most comprehensive guides to all aspects of bamboo. From growth to construction to many other applications. INFORMATION GRAPHICS Information is Beautiful by David McCandless, a fantastic demonstration of the power of information graphics to reveal new information about the world around us. Data Flow 2: Visualizing Information in Graphic Design by Robert Klanten, a definition of contemporary information graphics to show how techniques such as simplification and abstraction can powerfully demonstrate new information and relationships.
2015 Student Project: Column Conceptual Sketch for Downtown Public Baths by Marc-Rochnal Louis Jean, Edward Robertson and Ke Er Zhang
The bamboo forests of Northern Haiti. The location of the studio we will be working in.
Architectural Association, 36 Bedford Square, London WC1B 3ES T +44 (0)20 7887 4000 F +44 (0)20 7414 0782. Architectural Association (Inc) Registered Charity No 311083. Company Limited by Guarantee. Registered in England No 171402. Registered Office as above.