The Role of Religion in Transitional Justice - Sinhala by NCEASL

› ,xldfõ ixl%dka;sl hqla;sh ;=< wd.fï N+ñldj( wd.ñl Nla;sh ms<sn| .fõIKhls i;H" hqla;sh iy udkj .re;ajh i|yd jk whs;sh

Copyrights ÂŠ NCEASL and USAID The NCEASL and USAID retain distribution rights of this report. This report is made possible by the support of the American People through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The content of this report is the sole responsibility of the NCEASL and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. This publication may be reproduced by any organization for use in human rights education activities, provided the source is acknowledged and the National Christian Evangelical Alliance of Sri Lanka and USAID are notified of such use. Email comments to: legal@nceasl.org / research@nceasl.org

ia;=;sh Evangelical Fellowship of Ceylon hkqfjka l,ska y÷kajk ,o › ,xld cd;sl l%sia;shdks O¾uodk ikaOdkh ^National Christian Evangelical Alliance of Sri Lanka - NCEASL& 1952oS ia:dmkh lrk ,oaols' › ,xld cd;sl l%sia;shdks O¾uodk ikaOdkh m%Odk lafIa;% ;=kl l%shd;aul fõ( tAjd kï" O¾u m%pdrh iy foajO¾u Ydia;%h" wd.ñl ksoyi yd udkj ysñlï iy iyk yd ixj¾Okh hs' › ,xld cd;sl l%sia;shdks bjekac,sl ikaOdkh" f,dj mqrd rgj,a 129l l%sia;shdkqjka ñ,shk 620lg wêl ixLHdjlska ieÿï,;a f,daljHdma; cd,hla iys; f,dal O¾uodk ikaOdkhg ^WEA& wkqnoaê; fõ' lS¾;su;a iudc mßj¾;k" wd.ñl ksoyi iy udkj ysñlï l%shdlrejl= jk foaYudkH f.dâ*%s fhda.rdcdf.a kdhl;ajh hgf;a NCEASL wdh;kh l%shd;aul fõ' miq.h s oYl folla uq¿,af,a › ,xldfõ l%sia;shdks m%cdjg tfrysj isÿlrkq ,enQ m%pKavl%shd" ìhjeoaoùï iy fjkiafldg ie,lSï iïnkaO isÿùï wëlaIKh lrkakg;a f,aLk.; lrkakg;a NCEASL wdh;kh ys wd.ñl ksoyi ms<sn| fldñIka iNdj (RLC) úiska lghq;= lr ;sfí' flfiakuq;a" fuu fldñIka iNdfõ b,lalh jkafka WoafoaYkh yd n,mEï t,a, lsÍu" m¾fhaIK yd f,aLk.; lsÍu" iy" mqyK q qj yd wOHdmkh ;=<ska iuia: › ,dxlslhskf a .au wd.ñl ksoyi mq¿,a lsÍuhs' iduh f.dvkexùfï jEhï iy ixl%dka;sl hqla;sh yd ixys|h s dj ms<sn| oekqj;aNdjh j¾Okh lsÍfï lghq;=j,g o fldñIka iNdj iïnkaO ù ;sfí' fuu jd¾;dj flgqïm;a lsÍu iy th iïmdokhg wjYH lafIa;% l%shdldrlï isÿlsÍfï j.lSu l<ks iqnisxy iy ñ,afrdahs m%kdkaÿ msh;=ud ^fc'kS& úisk iafõÉPdfjka Ndr.kakd ,oS' fuu wOHhkh iïmQ¾K lsÍug Tjqka úiska fkdmiqniakd lemùu ms<sn|j NCEASL wdh;kfha úfYAI m%Kduh'

fmrjok wmf.a cd;sh u; wd.fuka we;s flfrk n,mEu ñksh fkdyel' wmf.a ixialD;sl ixpdrl l¾udka;hg moku jkafka thhs" th wmf.a jd.aud,dj ;=<g ldjeoS we;' wm rfÜ rcfha ksjdvq w;ßka nyq;rhla wd.ñl ksjdvqosk fõ flfiakuq;a fïjd fN!;sluh lreKq h' mqoa.,hdg wd.u b;d jeo.;a fõ' tu.ska wmf.a wka;¾-mqoa., in|;d" iÞpdrfha ieliqu" pdß;%dkql+, hq;=lï iy ;j;a fndfyda oE ks¾jpkh flf¾' ixl%dka;sl hqla;sfha wruqK jkafka l,amj;akd iduhla WÞlr .; yels wdh;ksl úi÷ï fidhd.ekSu jkafka kï tA i|yd wd.u ms<sn| .eUqßka i,ld ne,Su n,dfmdfrd;a;= úhhq;a;la fukau wjYH jkakla fõ' › ,xldfõ ixl%dka;sl hqla;sh ;=< wd.fuys N+ñldj iïnkaOfhka fuu m¾fhaIK .%ka:h iïmdokh lrkakg › ,xld cd;sl l%sia;shdks O¾uodk ikaOdkh (NCEASL) lghq;= lrkq ,enqfõ tu fÉ;kdj is;ays ordf.k fõ' fuu m¾fhaIKh ;=<ska ixl%dka;sl hqla;s l=¿Kq i|yd jk foajO¾ujdoS moku wOHhkh lrkq ,efí' ixys|shdj l%sia;shdks wd.ug iïnkaO jk njla fyda i;H mejiSu fn!oaOd.fï tk ne|Sula jk nj wfhl=g neÆ ne,aug fmfkk iïnkaO;d jk kuq;a fuu wOHkh Bg jvd .eUqrg osfjk w;r t;=<ska O¾uh jvd;a ;SlaIK wkaoñka wOHkh lr" wd.ñl ,shú,s Wmqgd olajñka" Wmud yd l:d fhdÞ.ksñka ixl%dka;sl hqla;s l=¿Kq w;ßka nyq;rh i|yd Yla;sh fok foajO¾óh moku meyeos,s lrkq ,efí' wd.u mqoa.,hdg jeo.;a jkafka kï iy iudch ieliS we;af;a mqoa.,hskaf.a tl;=jlska kï" hïoskl idlaId;a lr.kakd iudc iduh i|yd wd.ug Þhl úhyelafla flfiaoehs wjfndaO lr.ekSu ixl%dka;sl hqla;s hka;%K l%shd;aul lsÍfïoS jeo.;a jkq we;' fuu wjika jd¾;dj lshùu udf.a uki WoaoSmkh l<djQ w;aoelSula úh' iudc-wd.ñl yeisÍïj, úúO wx. iy ixl%dka;sl hqla;sh ms<sn|j úplaIK fukau iïmQ¾K meyeos,slsÍï m¾fhaIlhd úiska fuys we;=<;a lr ;sfí' WÞyrK jYfhka bia,dï oyfï hqla;sh hkq iEufohlau Bg WÑ; ia:dkfha" tkï foúhka jykafia tA i|yd wfmalaId l< ia:dfka ;eîuhs¦ hqla;sh idlaId;a lr.ekSfï ukqIH jEhu osjH;ajh idlaId;a lr.ekSfï jEhuls' tfy;a" hqla;sh idlaId;a lr.ekSug hdfïoS mSvdjg ,lajkakg jqjfyd;a th osjHuh kshuhla fkdfõ" ulaksido hka w,a,dya foúhkajykafia mSvd we;s fkdlrk fyhsks' bia,dï Nla;sh wkqj ienE hqla;sh ;=< whqla;s iy.; l%shd isÿùug we;s yelshdj ksjdrKh lrkq ,efí' tfia ydks ksfIaOkh lsÍu yskaÿ oyfï meyeos,s lr we;af;a ish,a, tlsfkl iu.ska iïnkaOùu hk ixl,amh ;=<sks' ish¿u i;ajhska ;=< l%sIaK foú÷ka jevjdih lrkafka kï iy iEu i;ajfhl=u l%sIaK foú÷kag iyNd.s jkafka kï lsisjl=g fyda ydks lsÍu ;ukagu ydks lr.ekSula fyda l%sIaK foú÷kag ydks lsÍula fõ' nqÿoyu ms<sn| mßÉfþofha idudkHfhka idlÉPd flfrk hym;a yd whym;a l¾u ms<sn| idlÉPdfjka Tíng hk m¾fhaIlhd ix> iudch ;=< iduh wdrlaId lsÍu i|yd jk Yla;su;a moaO;sh iy nqoaO pß;fhka l:d idlÉPdjg f.k ;sfí' nrm;< f,i idlÉPdjg .;hq;= lreK jkafka mYapd;a-hqO ixys|shd hka;%K l%shd;aul lrkqfha w;S;h wu;l lr,Sug fkdj wkd.;fha .egqï we;sùu je,elaùug njhs' ls;=Kqjkag ixys|shdj hkq wd.ñl jrhls' m,a,sh iy tys idudðlhska fhaiqiajykafiaf.a mß;Hd.h fya;=fjka uQ,sl jYfhkau ixys|shd.;jQ;a ixys|shdfõ ksr;jkakd jQ;a m%cdjla fõ' ixys|shdj lrd hk .uk i|yd mYapd;a;dmùu jqjukd jk nj;a foúhka jykafia iu.ska ixys|shd.;ùu i|yd hk mru .ufka fhfok m%cdjka tlsfkld w;f¾ ixys|shdj idlaId;a lr.;hq;= njg fuu mßÉfþofhka ;¾l flf¾' ixl%dka;sl hqla;s hka;%K ksjeros wkaoñka l%shd;aul flfrk nj iy;sl lr.ekSfï j.lSu Ndr.kakd fuka wd.ñl kdhlhskaf.ka b,a,d isàug iy wd.ñl mqoa.,hska iy wdh;kj, iyNd.S;ajh nrm;< yd jeo.;a lreKla f,i i,lk fuka fuu hka;%K ilia lrk md¾Yjhkaf.ka b,a,d isàug;a Bg mlaIj ;¾l f.dkq lsÍug;a fuu m¾fhaIKh yryd wjidk jYfhka lghq;= lr ;sfí' › ,xldfõ ish¿u ,íëkag wh;a .syshkaf.a fukau mQcH mlaIfha m%fhdackh Wfoid Zi;H i|yd jk whs;shZ kïjQ fuu .%ka:h NCEASL wdh;kh fjkqfjka Tn fj; mqokakg ,eîu udf.a wdvïnrhg fya;=jls' jir oyia .Kkla uq¿,af,a iqfmdaIs; jQ wdOHd;añl idrhla wmf.a rg yd wmf.a ixialD;sh i;=h' wms fuh je<|f.k wfma foaYh ;=, id¾:l ixl%dka;sl hqla;shla WÞlr.kakg th w¾:idOl wkaoñka fhdÞ.ekSug;a lghq;= lruq'

foaYudkH f.dâ*%s fhda.rdcd uyf,alï, › ,xld cd;sl l%sia;shdks O¾uodk ikaOdkh iyh uyf,alï, f,dal O¾uodk ikaOdkh 4

ye|skaùu z› ,xldj ;=< ixys|h s dj" j.ùu iy udkj ysñlï m%j¾OkhZ kñka jQ tlai;a cd;Skf a .a udkj ysñlï ljqki a s, fhdackd iïu; wxl 30$1 i|yd iu wkqyd% .l;ajh ,ndfoñka › ,xldfõ ixl%dka;sl hqla;s l%shdj,sfha1 moku ia:dms; lrkakg › ,xld rch úiska lghq;= lr ;sfí' fuu fhdackdiïu;h yryd i;H" hqla;sh" ixys|h s dj iy h<s we;sùu je,elaùu i|yd jk fldñIka iNdjla o" i;H fiùu i|yd jk w;=reokajQjka ms<sn| ld¾hd,hla o" úfYaI iNdjla iys; wêlrKuh hka;%Khla o" jkaos f.ùu i|yd jk ld¾hd,hla o we;slsÍug rcfha tlÕ;djh m, lr ;sfí' idudkHfhka" ixl%dka;sl hqla;s l%shdj,shla we;sjkafka m%pKav;ajfha yd mSvdjkays isg iduh yd ia:djr;ajh lrd mßj¾;khla we;sjk miqìula ;=< fõ' ish¿u mqrjeishkag hqla;sh idlaId;a lroSu" m%cd úYajdih ia:dms; lsÍu" m%cdjka w;r ixys|h s dj we;slsÍu iy wkd.;fha isÿúh yels wmfhdack j,lajd,Su i|yd m%pKav;ajfhka .yK iajlSh w;S;hg uqyK q oSug tjka iudchkag isÿfõ' isÿ jQ l%Er udkj ysñlï W,a,x>k iïnkaOfhka iyk ,ndoSu msKsi .kq ,nk wêlrKuh yd wêlrKuh fkdjk l%shdud¾.hkaf.ka ixl%dka;sl hqla;sh iukaú; fõ' fï iïnkaOfhka oekg idlÉPdjg n÷kafjñka mj;sk moaO;s" jHqyhka yd l%shdj,s w;rg lreKq fiùfï fyda i;H fiùfï fldñIka" hqla;sh" m%;sIaGdmkh" iÞkqiaurKh iy fujka ;;aj h<s we;s fkdùu iy;sl lrkq jia .kq ,nk wdh;ksl m%;sixialrK we;=<;a fõ' úkaos;hskg a hqla;sh mis\,k w;f¾u iduh" m%cd;ka;%jdoh iy ixys|shdj i|yd we;s bv m%ia:dj jvd;a Yla;su;a lsÍu fuu t<Uqfï b,lalh fõ' udkjhdf.a wNHka;ßl Ôú;h yd iudc yeisÍï iïnkaOfhka wd.u ksrEmKh lrkafka w;sYh jeo.;a N+ñldjls' iduh yd iïnkaO jk b;d jeo.;a jákdlï flfrys YsIaGdpdrh nef|k nj iy;sl lr.kq msKsi wd.ï yryd úúO kS;s" uQ,O¾u iy woyia iïmdokh lr ;sfí' iylïmkh" tkï wfkldf.a ;;ajh ;ukag wdfoaY lr ne,Su" kkakdÿkk mqoa.,hskg a újD;ùu iy Tjqkg a fm%auh mjd oelaùu" wiSudka;sl uu;ajh yd Ok f,daNh md,kh lr.ekSu" udkj ysñlï" iEu md¾Yjhla úisku a iudjoSu iy ksy;udkSj yeisÍu" ixys|h s dj lrd .ukalrk ud¾.hla jYfhka mYapd;a;dmh yd w;S;fha isÿjQ jerosj, j.lSu Ndr.ekSu" i;H fidhd hdu iy iudc hqla;sh lrd fufyhùu hkdosh óg we;=<;a fõ' ieneúkau" wd.u ;=<ska ukqIH;ajh iïnkaO õúO w;aoelSï fukau p¾hduh m%;Hdjf,dalk ,nd.; yels w;r tuksidfjka ixl%dka;sl hqla;sh ;=< wd.fï N+ñldj b;d jeo.;a njg wjOdrKh l<hq;= fõ' wd.u › ,dxlsl ck;djf.a Ôjk uf.ys wLKavj b;d m%uqL N+ñldjla ksrEmKh lrk fyhska ixl%dka;sl hqla;sh jeks w;sYh jeo.;a jQ;a kjuq jQ;a l%shdj,shla i|yd wêldr;ajh fukau fm<Uùu ,nd.ekSu i|yd th b;d idrj;a uQ,dY%hla jkq we;' ixl%dka;sl hqla;sh i|yd › ,xldj wNHka;rfhkau mekk.skk a d jQ lemùula yd ne|sula wjYH h' tfiafyhska ixl%dka;sl hqla;s l%fudamdh rg;=< m%j¾Okh i|yd wd.fï iy wd.ñl kdhlhskf a .a iïnkaOùu jqjukd fõ'

fuu wOHhkh ms<sn| hula › ,xldfõ m%Odk wd.ï jk fn!oaO" yskÿ a " bia,dï iy l%sia;shdks hk wd.ïj, oDIaáfldaK yryd ixl%dka;sl hqla;sfha uQ,sl uQ,O¾u yd jHjydrhka .fõIKh lr ne,Su fuu wOHkfhka isÿ flf¾' ixl%dka;sl hqla;sh i|yd wd.ï ;=< we;s ia:djr moku ms<sn|j wjOdrKh lrk fuu wOHhkh w;=rel:d" O¾u .%k: a iy l;d yryd tA nj fmkakï q lrhs' ixl%dka;sl hqla;sh uekeúka wjfndaO lr.ekSug;a › ,xldj ;=< th id¾:lj l%shd;aul lsÍug;a wd.ïj,g iy wd.ñl kdhlhskg a ,ndosh yels Þhl;ajh ms<sn|j tu.ska .fõIKh lrkq ,efí'

1zj.ùu

iy;sl lr.ekSu" hqla;sh mis|,Su iy ixys|h s dj idlaId;a lr.ekSu i|yd" uyd mßudKfhka isÿjQ w;S; wmfhdack iïnkaOfhka iudÞkhlg tAu i|yd iudch úiska .kq ,nk jEhï yd iïnkaO jk iuia: l%shdj,s iy hka;%K mrdihZ hkqfjka ixl%dka;sl hqla;sh ks¾jpkh lr ;sfí' tAjdg wêlrKuh fyda wêlrKuh fkdjk hka;%K" '''' mqoa.,hskag úreoaOj kvq MejÍu" jkaosf.ùu" i;H fiùu" wdh;ksl m%;sixialrK" fidhdn,d fiajfhka mylsÍu fyda tAjdfhka we;eï tAjd ixfhdackhla we;=<;a úh yelsh' ^tlai;acd;Skaf.a uy f,alï" 2004&' jeäÿr úia;r i|yd http://www.ictj.org/en/tj n,kak' ixl%dka;sl hqla;sh ixl,amSh b;sydih oek.ekSu i|yd iy ixl%dka;s wjia:d 40l muk th fhdÞf.k we;s wdldrh i|yd (Arthur, 2009, McAuliffe, 2011, Elster, 2004, Teitel, 2003) n,kak' ixl%dka;sl hqla;sh iïnkaOfhka jk Ydia;%Sh f,aLk ,hsi; a =jla i|yd https://sites.google.com/site/transitionaljusticedatabase/transitional-justice-bibliographyn,kak'

ixl%dka;sl hqla;sh ;=< wd.fï N+ñldj iïnkaOfhka wOHhk lsym s hla isÿ lr we;;a tAjd yryd uQ,sl jYfhkau ms<sìUq jkafka fmdÿ yd m%isoaO u;jdo" ck iólaIK iy ixLHdf,aLk jk w;r tAjd m%Odk jYfhkau wjOdkh fhduqlr we;af;a ,;ska weußldkq" ol=Kq wm%sldkq yd ueofmros. rgj, mj;akd tAn%yeñl wd.ñl iïm%Þhka fj; fõ' fuu wOHkh tA w;r iqúfYaIS ia:dkhla .kafka › ,xldfõ mqreÿ mqyK q q lrk m%Odk wd.ï ish,af,au oDIaáfldaK wkqj ixl%dka;sl hqla;sfha uQ,sl l=¿Kq idlÉPdjg .kq ,nk fyhsks' .egqul isg iduldó iudchla lrd isÿjk mßj¾;kh i|yd wd.ï fukau wd.ñl kdhlhskf a .a il%sh iyNd.S;ajh idOdrK iudchla f.dvke.Su i|yd jqjukd lrk nj tys wka;¾.; ;¾lhhs'

úOdhl idrxYh wd.ï y;r iïnkaOfhka idlÉPd flfrk mßÉfþo y;rlska iy bka wk;=rej tk ks.ukhlska fuu jd¾;dj iukaú; fõ' fuys m<uq mßÉfþoh ;=< nqÿoyfï weiska ixl%dka;sl hqla;sh foi n,kq ,efí' mqoa.,hska w;r iyÔjkhg iy mqoa.,hl=f.a l%shdjkag mqoa.,hd úisku a j.lsjhq;= nj i|yd moku t,kakd jQ l¾uh" lreKdj" ffu;%sh hkdoS fn!oaO ixl,am flfrys fuu mßÉfþoh yryd wjOdkh fhduq lrkq ,efí' ;jo" úkh msglfha iy iQ;% msglfha oelafjk wkaoñka fn!oaO úkh kS;s ;=< zixys|h s dZ ixl,amh yd Bg iïnkaO wfkl=;a wx. ms<sn|j we;s lreKq ms<sn|j bka idlÉPd flf¾' fojk mßÉfþoh yryd i;H iy meje;au ms<sn|j yskaÿ wd.ñl oDIaáfldaKhlska i,ld n,kq ,nhs' j.jk nj iy;sl lr.kq jia i;H fy<sorjq lsÍu w;HdjYH nj;a tu wjYH;djh mek k.skf a ka mqoa.,hd O¾uhg wkqj yeisÍu u.ska nj;a tysoS ;¾l flf¾' tuksid wd.ñl kdhlhskf a .a N+ñldj jkafka i;H mj;ajdf.k hdfï O¾uhla ke;fyd;a ud¾.hla jYfhka m%;sikaOdkh bosßm;a lsÍuhs' ;jo" ;ud;a foúhkq;a$ l%sIaK foúhkq;a wkHhkq;a w;r we;s wka;¾iïnkaO;djh wjfndaO lr.ekSu ;=<ska hqla;sh mis|,Su fm%auh uq,a lrf.k isÿlrkakla jk fyhska th hym;ajQ;a idOkShjQ;a u.la .kq we;' f;jk mßÉfþofhka hqla;sh kï ixl,amh bia,dñh oDIaáfldaKhlska wOHhkh lrkq ,efí' bia,dï oyu hkq idufha oyula jk nj wjOdrKh lrk fuu mßÉfþoh ;=<ska Idßhd ixl,amh hgf;a tk úmdloSu" m%;sIaGdmkh iy ixys|h s d l%shdud¾. jeks jeo.;a l=¿Kq wOHkh yryd ixl%dka;sl hqla;shg jeo.;ajk bia,dóh kS;s moku flfrys wjOdkh fhduqlrkq we;' ish¿u YS,hkays m%OdkjQ;a uQ,sljQ;a ,laIKhla jk hqla;sh" iduh yd kS;súoHdj iïnkaOfhka jk bia,dñl foaYkdj ;=< w;HdjYH wx.hla jk nj wOHhkh yryd ;¾l lrkq ,efí' l=rdkfha hqla;sh hkq l=ulaoehs fmkakï q lrkq muKla fkdj hqla;sh idlaId;a lr.ekSu hkq jkaokdjla jk nj;a ñksiqka jYfhka wmf.a j.lSu jkafka fkdmiqngj hqla;sh <Õd lr.ekSug jEhï oeÍu nj;a wjOdrKh lrhs' l%sia;shdkq weilska ixys|h s dj foi ne,Sug isjqjk mßÉfþoh fjkaù ;sfí' ixys|h s dj hkq l%sia;=iajykafia foaYkd l< O¾ufha iqiudo¾Yhla yd úêksfhdayhla jk nj uq,sku a meyeos,s lr fok fuu mßÉfþofha i|ykaj we;s wkaoug ixys|h s dj fmdaIKh lsÍug ork iEu jEhulau hqla;sh iy i;H mejiSug jla;Djrhd úiska l< kshuh ms<smeoSu hk b;d jeo.;a mshjr follska iukaú; fõ' zfy<slsÍu iqjùulaZ tkï ixys|h s dj ;=<ska iqjùu ,efnk njg tys ;¾lhla f.dvk.d ;sfí' hqla;sh yd ixys|h s dj fjka l< fkdyels fia tlsfkl ne|S mj;akd nj;a lf:dAml:kh yd Y%oaOdj we;sùu i|yd ixys|h s dfõ wkqYdikh b;d jeo.;a nj;a fuu mßÉfþofhka wjOdrKh lr ;sfí' wOHhkfha iudma;s mßÉfþoh › ,xldfõ ixl%dka;sl hqla;s l%shdj,sh l%shd;aul lsÍfï jeo.;a yjq,alrejka jYfhka wd.u iy wd.ñl kdhlhska ie,lSu msKsi Ydia;%{hsk"a ixl%dka;sl hqla;s jD;a;slhska iy › ,xld rdcH m%cdj fj; isÿflfrk wdrdOkhls'

Y%S ,xldfõ ixl%dka;sl hqla;shg wod<j wd.ïj, ld¾hNdrh uq,a mßÉfþoh ms<sn| flá újrKhla wdpd¾h iqks,a úfÊisßj¾Ok fld<U úYAjúoHd,fhA iy le<Ksh úYAjúoHd,fhA ndysr l:sldpd¾h Y%S ,xldfõ mYapd;a-hqO iuh g wod< j wm uqyK q fok uQ,sl wNsfhda.hla jkafka m%pKav laI;sckl iudc jHik ;;a;ajhl isg iduldó ixys¢hd udj;lg iudch m%úIag lrjkafka flfiao hkakhs' fuu wNsfhda.hg mq¾K jYfhka uqyqK Èh yels jkafka m%pKav .egqug fya;=ldrl jQ jHqyd;aul udkfha ^foaYmd,k fukau fNaoldÍ .eUqre iudc jHqyhkaf.a& fiau ta yd iyiïnkaê; ixialD;sl udkfha Okd;aul mßj¾;k yryd h' fuu mßj¾;kh Wfoid wjYH miqìu ilia lr.ekSfï§ ixl%dka;sl hqla;sh msyg s qùu Wfoid l%shdoduhka bÈßhg .ekSu w;jYH lghq;a;la fõ ' fï lreK iïnkaOfhka ljr wdldrfha {dkuh iy wOHd;añl iïm;a wm i;= wd.ñl iïm%odhhka úiska msßkukq ,nkafkao hkak fidhd ne,Su by<ska meiish hq;= jHdhduhla nj lsj ukd fkdfõ ' ñg wod< fhdað; wOHhk jd¾;dfõ fn!oaO iïm%odhh wdjrKh lrkakdjQ mßÉfþoh ms<sn| uf.a úpdrd;aul úuiSu ,l=Kq lrkakdjQ flá igykla my; olajñ' iuia;hla jYfhka lsjhq;= jkafka th lshùu m%ikak w;aoelSula jQ njhs¦ m%Odk ud;Dld 08la Tiafia wOHhkh fm< .iajd we;¦ idOdrK;ajh iy hqla;sh ms<sn| fn!oaO moku " wêlrK fyj;a úksYp a h j.lSu " ixys¢hdj ms<sn| fn!oaO m%fõYh " ixys¢hdj i|yd wdOdrl jk ixialD;sl jákdlï" i;Hh" l¾uh" mqkia:dmk hqla;sh iy mqoa., j.lSu jYfhks' wOHhkh i|yd msgl .%k: a " iy úfYaIfhka NslaIqka i|yd jQ úkh msglh úia;S¾K wdldrfhka mßYS,khg ,la fldg we;s nj fmfkhs' tfukau m%ud‚l fn!oaO W.;=ka uKav,hl woyiaj,go m¾fhaIlhd ijka § we;' Ydia;%d,sh w¾:fhka .; l< wOHhkh ksrjfYaI .fõIKhl fmkakï q lrhs' fuys,d udkjhdf.a Ôj úoHd;aul talSh;ajh nqÿka úiska f.kyer oelaùu fukau ñksfila úiska wfkld ;ud fiau jQ ñksfil= f,i oelSfï wjYH;djh nqÿka úiska ;yjqre lsÍu jeo.;a fudfyd;la f,i wOHhkh úiska y÷kd .kS' fuu ksrjoH y÷kd .ekSug ndOd lrkakd jQ oDIaá wndO iudch ;=< mek k.sk wdldrh nqÿka úiska kka whqßka fmkajd fok wkaou o m¾fhaIlhd f.a wjOdkhg yiq fõ ' hqoaO l%shdoduhkaf.a wd§kj fukau mYapd;a .egqï ;;ajhl §" fï jk úg rclrk iudc .eg¨j,ska iy iudc udkisl w÷ßka wdf,dalh lrd .uka lsÍug .egqï md¾Yjhka g nqÿka úiska u. fmkajk ,o wdldrh fuu wOHhkh ;=< m%udKj;a úuiSug ,laj ;sfí' úfYaIfhka fn!oaO NslaIqka f.a YsIagiïmkak meje;au i|yd wjYH flfrk hqla;siy.; wdh;ksl l%shdoduhka ms<sn| l;sldjka y÷kd .ekSu" mYapd;a-hqO ixl%dka;sl iuhla i|yd iudchlg wjYH flfrk ukd ffk;sl iy wêlrK mokï .ek úmq, l;sldjlg u. fmkajk nj oelaùug m¾fhaIlhd iu;a fjhs' fun÷ ixl%dka;shla i|yd fufyfha fhoúh yels hym;a wdh;ksl l%shdoduhkag Tífnka" mqoa.,hdg iy m%cdjg wjYH flfrk ixialD;sl jákdlï iy wOHd;añl m%fõYhka .ek wOHhkh bÈßm;a lrk újrKh m%dud‚l ;;ajhl mj;S' i;Hh" l¾uh" fukau mxp kshdu O¾u wdY%s;j flfrk fn!oaO od¾Yksl úuiSu hqla;sh iy hqla;sh msyg s qùu ms<sn| fn!oaO m%fõYh i|yd m%Yia; miqìula imhhs' je/oao’ iy o~qju’ ms<sn| fn!oaO wdia:dkh i;= .eUqre iodpdr mokï fuu újrKh úiska ukd f,i fy<s lrkafka hehs ksielj lsj yelsh'

ñksiqkaf.a .eg¿ iy.;" iudchg ydkslr p¾hdjka jqj úksYp a h fldg jerÈ lrejkag o~qjï §fï’ ms<s.;a m%fõYh ;=< we;s <dul nj olsk fn!oaO ud¾.h" tu p¾hdjka f;areï .ekSug;a" tajdg msgqn,h fok iudch úiska iduqyl s j j.lsjhq;= uq,a fya;=ka y÷kd .eksug;a fhdackd lrñka ta i|yd iodpdruh fukau iudchSh m%fõYhka újD; lrk nj wOHkh uekúka fmkajd fohs' wjidkfha" ir,u;sl f,i mYapd;a- hqO wNsfhda.hka bÈßfha m%;sl%shd lsÍfï fya;=j ksid t;rï m%Yia; fkdjk" we;eï úg .eg¿ iy.; fláld,sk ud¾.hkag wj;S¾K fkdù" jvd udkqIsl iudchlg .e,fmk f,i idudðlhkaf.a ú{dkuh úm¾hdihla Wfoid §¾>ld,Skj l%shd;aul ùu jvd;a m%{djka; nj nqÿ oyu úiska fmkajd fok njo fuu wOHhk jd¾;dj úiska id¾:l f,i ;yjqre lrhs'

1 jk mßÉfþoh nqÿoyu iy ixl%dka;sl hqla;sh zffjr lsÍfuka lsisÞ - ke; ffjrh ke;sjkafka ffjr fkdlr isàfukau - ffjrh ke;sù hkafka ffjr fkdlr isákd úg - ffjrh is|S hdu ieuÞ fuf,dj mj;sk - oyula f,i o; hq;=uhZ

5 jk .d:dj" hul j.a.h" Oïumoh

1'1 ye|skù a u úkh msglfha yd iQ;% msglfha wka;¾.;j we;s nqÿkajyfiaf.a foaYkd ;=< j;aufkysoS zixl%dka;sl hqla;shZ kñka ye|skf a jk ixl,amh iïnkaOfhka jk woyia yd Bg ,ndfok Þhl;ajh fuu mßÉfþoh yryd idlÉPdjg .kq ,efí' tysoS iudkd;au;djh" iqjm;aùu"2 w;S;fha l< l%shd ms<s.ekSu" i;H .fõIKh iy iudcfha iu.sh yd .egqï rys;Ndjh we;slsÍug ys;lr uQ,O¾u jk ohdkqlïmdj jeks uQ,sl wä;d,ï u; mokï fjñka hqla;sh keue;s ixl,amh ms<sn|j wjOdrKh lrkq we;' h<s-we;sùu j,lajd.ekSu iy;sl lr.ekSug wdh;ksl m%;sixialrK isÿlsÍu hkak úkh msglfha we;=<;a úêúOdkhkag iïnkaO jk w;r th ixl%dka;sl hqla;sfha m%Odk;u l=¿Kla fõ' 1'2 nqÿoyu ;=< yuqjk zhqla;sfhaZ moku ñksiqka w;r iudkd;au;djh" hqla;sh we;sùu i|yd iïmQ¾K l<hq;= mQ¾j fldkafoaishls' Wm; u; mokï fjñka ñksid úúO ia:rhkag j¾.SlrKh lsÍu yd fjkiafldg ie,lSu m%;slafIam l< nqÿkajykafia fhdackd lf<a hï mqoa.,hl=f.a ;;ajh we.ehsh hq;= jkafka O¾uh ke;fyd;a hym;a l,al%shdj wkqj njhs' jdfiÜG iQ;%fha oelafjk wkaoug b;sydih" ÔjúoHdj" ufkdaúoHdj iy wdpdrO¾u fhdÞ.ksñka ;¾l bosßm;a lrk nqÿkajykafia ish¿u ukqIHhska tlu lKavdhulg wh;ajk nj foaYkd lrk fial'3 zhfula Wm;ska n%dyauKfhla fkdjkafkah" Wm;ska ji,fhla o fkdjkafkah fyf;u l%shdfjka n%dyauKfhla jkafkah l%shdfjkau ji,fhla jkafkahZ tA wkqj" fn!oaO foaYkdj ;=< ish¿u ukqIHhska iudk f,i i,lk w;r ish¿fokdgu tl yd iudkj" tkï ;ukag i,lk wkaoñka wkHhkag ie,lsh hq;= fõ' 1'3 wêlrKuh j.lSu wjidk úksYp a h ,ndfokakd jYfhka wêlrKfhka ;SrK .ekSu m%cd;ka;%jdoS md,kfha uQ,sl l=¿Kq ;=fkka tlla f,i i,lkq ,nk w;r" kvq ;Skÿ a tysoS kS;sh njg m;a fõ' wêlrK fiajh hkq hful=g oeßhyels Wiiau j.lSï w;ßka tlls' kS;sh wdrlaId lrkakd kS;shg wkql+, úhhq;= w;ru kS;Hdkql+,j iy wmlaImd;Sj lghq;= l<hq;= fõ' zhï mqoa.,hl= ksis ie,ls,a, fkdue;sj kvq úuikafka o Tyq idOdrK úksYp a hlrejl= fkdfõ' kqjKe;a;d lreKq ksis fia úuid n,d wmlaImd;S wkaoñka ;Skÿ a ,ndfohsZ hkqfjka Oïumofha OïuÜG j.a.fha nqÿkajykafia úiska foaYkd fldg we; ^oïuÜG j.a.fha 256 .d:dj&' f;ail=K cd;lfhys úksYp a h ,ndoSug rfcl= i;= j.lSï meyeos,s lrk w;r Bg wkqj rfcl= lsisÞ ;u fldamhg hg;a fkdúh hq;=h' Tyq$ weh fomd¾Yjhgu iudkj ijka oS fomd¾Yjfhau ;¾lj,g ijka oS mlaId.%dysnúka" ffjrfhka" ìfhka fyda w×klñka f;dr ;SrKhla ,ndosh hq;=h' zixys|h s djZ YdÍßl l%shdj,shlg jvd udkisl l%shdj,shla jk fyhska isxy, niska ziqjm;aùuZ hkqfjkao ye|skaúh yelsh - mQcH .,alkafoa Oïudkkao iajdóka jykafia iu. l< idlÉPdj 3 mQcH j,iajej ×kr;k iajdókajykafia iu.ska l< idlÉPdj¦ (The Middle Length Discourses of the Buddha, pp 798 – 807) 2

ñksia p¾hdfõ iEu wxYhlau i|yd u.fmkajkq ,nk wd¾h wIaGdx.sl ud¾.h ;=<ska wêlrKuh j.lSu jvd;a iudkd;au;djfhka hqla;j" udkqISh wkaoñka iy wjfndaOfhka hq;=j bgqlsÍu i|yd u.fmkajkq ,nhs' iïud osÜÀ hkq hula we;s ieáfhka oelSu ñi wm th wfmalaId lrk wkaoñka oelSu fkdjk w;r Bg w;yeÍu iy wm%udoùu hk ixl,am iïnkaO fõ' úkaos;hska iïnkaOfhka fukau m%Yk a we;slrkakka flfryso lreKdj me;srúh hq;= jk w;r tjka mqoa.,hskj a hyu.g .ekSug Tjqkg u. fmkaúh hq;=h' iïud i;s hkq krl fÉ;kd" l=ßrelï" wÞ< fkdùu" mlaImd;Sùu" fldamh" B¾IHdj iy tosßjdoslï neyer lr msßisÿ is;la mj;ajdf.k hduhs' iïud jdpd" tkï ksjeros jpk l:d lsÍu úksiqrl=f.a uQ,sl j.lSuls' tkï" ìh" ;ukaf.a Wkak;sh" uQ,Huh jdis ,nd.ekSu i|yd" tluq;=lu úkdY lsÍu i|yd" fyda ms<sl=, we;slsÍu i|yd uqidnia lSfuka je,lS iEuúgu i;H mejish hq;=h' iïud lïuka; hkq wêlrKuh wdpdrO¾uhkg ksis wkql+,;djh olajñka ksis mßos ;u ld,h iy W;aidyh lemlsÍuhs' iïud wdÔj hkq idOdrKj Wmhd.;a uqo,ska wjxlj fodaIo¾Ykhg md;% fkdù Ôj;aùuhs' iïud jdhdu hkq lreKq" kS;sh hkdosh wOHhkh lrkakg ork jEhu iy iajlSh ld¾hh iïmQ¾K lrñ hs we;s lr.kakd wêIaGdkh fõ' iïud jdhduh iïud i;sh iu.ska iïnkaO fõ' iïud iudê hkq wdYdj yd ms<sl=, hk whym;a Ñ;a;fõ. folu yer,d is; tl ia:dkhlg f.keú;a fudfyd;ska fudfyd; iduldó Ydka; ukilska hq;=j .; lsÍuhs' iïud iudêfhka hq;= úksiqrl= ;uka bosßfha we;s .eg¿jg wÞ<jk lreKq yd kS;sh ksis f,i i,ld ne,sh hq;=h' tysoS" ;uka b;d W;=ï jQ Ndrhla imqrd,k nj wjfndaO lr.; hq;=h' ;uka isÿlrkafka fomd¾Yjhla w;r we;s wdrjq,la ksrdlrKh muKla fkdj wkd.;hg o n,mdk wkaoñka mQ¾jdo¾Y ks¾udKh lsÍuls' 1'4 ixys|h s dj iïnkaOfhka jk fn!oaO t<Uqu rcjreka w;r" nqÿkajykaiafiaf.au ×;Ska w;r iy nqoaOYdikh ;=< úúO wdrjq,a we;sjQ wjia:d .Kkdjla iïnkaOfhka md,s ;%smsglfha i|yka fõ' tu tla tla wjia:djg yd Bg iïnkaO mqoa.,hskg a WÑ;jk wkaoñka úúO t<Uqï yryd tu wdrjq,a úi\,Sug nqÿkajykafia lghq;= l< fial' frdayK s S .x.dfõ c,h fnÞ.eksfïoS we;sjQ .eg¿j fya;=fjka nqÿkajyfiaf.a ×;Ska jk YdlHjreka iy flda,shjreka kosh fomi hqOhg fm<.eiqkq wjia:dfõ zc,fha iy ñksia Ôú;j, jákdlu l=ulaoehsZ b;d jeo.;a m%Yk a hla úuiñka Bg ueosy;ajQ nqÿkajykafia tu hqOh j,lajd,Sug lghq;= l< fial' hqoaOfha whym;a m%;sM, meyeos,s lr fomd¾Yjh iu: l< Wkajykafia ffjÍ okka w;f¾ wffjrfhka Ôj;aùu ms<sn|j Tjqkg b.ekajQ fial' Oïumofha .d:d ;=< bjiSu iy iduldó iyÔjkfha ud¾.h ms<sn|j l< i|yka fndfydah( zffjr lsÍfuka lsisÞ - ke; ffjrh ke;sjkafka ffjr fkdlr isàfukau - ffjrh ke;sù hkafka ffjr fkdlr isákd úg - ffjrh is|S hdu ieuÞ fuf,dj mj;sk - oyula f,i o; hq;=uhZ

5 jk .d:d mdGh" hul j.a.h" Oïumoh

wm fuysoS urKhg fyda úkdYhg m;afjkq we;s nj we;fula fkdoks;a y' hfula tA ldrKh ols;a kï tA lrKfldgf.k l,yfhda ixisfo;a y'

6 jk .d:d mdGh" hul j.a.h" Oïumoh

ÿYapß; keue;s ffjr iys;j jik ñksiqka w;fr ys ffjr ke;sj b;d iemfia jdih lruq' wms ffjÍka w;fr ys ffjr ke;af;da j fjfiuq'

197 jk .d:d mdGh" iqL j.a.h" Oïumoh

;u nEKkqjka jQ wcd;i;a;= rc;=udg f;jrlau mrdo ù oeä lK.dgqfjka miqjQ mfiakos fldfid,a rc;=udg nqÿkajykafia ch.%yKfha iy mrdcfha ksr¾:lnj meyeos,s lr ÿka fial' ^kdro uydf;rKqjka" 1980&(

ch.kakd mqoa.,hd wkqkf a .a ffjrh ;uka fj; fhduqlrjhs' mrdch jk mqoa.,hd ÿlfia jdih lrhs' ch mrdcg folu w;ayer ixis|Sug m;ajQ mqoa.,hd iqjfia jdih lrhs

201 jk .d:d mdGh" iqL j.a.h" Oïumoh ch.%yKh ,enQ miq ch.%dylhdf.a j.lSu jkafka mrdch jQ ;eke;a;dg Wmldr lr Tjqkf a .a ÿla.ekú,s i|yd m%;sl¾u ,ndoSuhs' zch.%dyl iy mrdð;Z hk fnoSu wm iudcfha mj;ajdf.k hk ;dla l,a ffjrh iy fldamh o fkdksù oe,afjkq we;' ;%ia;jdoSka fyda rch fyda fõjd" wmf.a úreoaOjdoshd ;=<o i;Hfha fldgila we;s nj wm wjfndaO lr.;hq;= jk w;r" iïmQ¾K;ajh iy iduh <Õdlr.ekSug tu i;Hh o wmg jqjukd fõ' m%;sjdoshd wmf.a úi÷fï fldgila úh hq;af;a h ^wdßhr;ak" uQ, foaYkh& NslaIQkj a ykafia,d ;u jro ms<sn| fy<sorjq lsÍu" os.eÿKq .egqï úi\.ekSu" tlsfkld w;r ixys|h s dj <Õd lr.ekSug jEhï lsÍu iy ix>hd w;r ksldhfNaoh iu.s lrúh hq;af;a flfiao hkak ;%smsglfha we;s úkh msglhfha i|ykaj ;sfí' úkh msglfha lïulaLkaOlfhys ix> m%cdfõ kqiqÿiq yeisÍï i|yd ,ndoshyels l¾u ke;fyd;a oKavk j¾. 5la ms<sn|j i|yka fjhs ^ërfialr 2004" 224-235 msgq&' máirKsh l¾u- tkï" ixys|h s d l¾u hkq tu l%shdjka w;ßka tlls' tysoS jrolre úiska w.;shg m;a md¾Yjfhka iudj wheosh hq;=h' fuh iïmQ¾Kfhkau ix>hd iy .syh s d w;r mj;akd iïnkaOh ms<sn|j jk lreKla jk w;r .syh s ka bosßfha nqoaO" Oïu yd ix> hk ;%súOr;akhg mßNj lsÍu ;=<ska .syh s df.a iqnfi;g ydks meñKùu ms<sn|j bka woyia flf¾' iu:laLkaOl hk fldgfia oelafjk LkaOl ;=< ix> iudch ;=< úkh l%shdud¾. .; yels i;a; wêlrKiu:" tkï" úkh l%shdud¾. y;la ms<sn|j iúia;rd;aulj olajd we;' tfia wdrjq,a úi|shyels l%shdud¾. y; kï uqyK q g uqyK q yuqù úi\.ekSu" u;lh wkqj úi\.ekSu" w;S;fha isysuoùu i,ldn,d úi\.ekSu" ms<s.ekSu u; úi\.ekSu" nyq;rfha u;h wkqj úi\.ekSu" ÿIapß; we;af;lanj ;Skaÿ lsÍu iy ;Kfld, hkdosfhka jidoeóu hk tAjd fõ' ^Nslal= fndaê" 853-860 msgq& ;sKj†ldrl" tkï" ;Kfld, hkdosfhka jidoeóu hkqfjka WmudrEmSj meyeos,slrk ixl,amh › ,xldfõ miqìu wkqj n,kl< ixys|h s djg jvd;au ióm ixl,amh fõ'4 fuysoS fomd¾Yjhu isÿjQ ish¿ jeros fjkqfjka fmdÿfõ tlsfkldf.ka iudj wheo" tlsfkldf.a w;S;fha tk iq¿ jeros tlska tl ydrd weúiaiSfuka je,lSug fmdfrdkaÿjkq ,efí' túg" wdrjq, W.% lsÍug fya;= fjñka nrm;< jeros isÿj we;akï tAjd fj; wjOdkh fhduqlsÍug Tjqkg ksoyi ,efí' bka wk;=rej ;jÿrg;a úu¾Yk fkdmj;ajk w;r lsisÿ md¾Yjhla fodaIo¾Ykhg ,lalsÍu fyda o~qjug ,la lsÍu isÿ fkdlrhs' neyer lrk u< fuka tA ish,a, fmdf<djg hg lr ouk w;r ld,hdf.a wejEfuka tu ia:dkj, ;Kfld, jeù jeiShkq we; ^wcdka n%yu a jxfida" 2011& ;sKj†ldrl hkq ix> iudcfha tlsfkldg úreoaO woyia ork md¾Yjhka isák nj iy Tjqkf a .a ksldh fNao ;=<ska ix>hd w;r tluq;=nj ì|shk nj ms<s.ksñka ix> iudch ;=< iu.sh wdrlaId lr.ekSug ork jEhula fõ' úreoaO u; ork lKavdhï w;r iu.sh wdrlaIdlsÍu yd m%j¾Okh lsÍu wruqKq lrf.k jro ms<s.ekSu" iudj b,a,Su" wkd.;fhaoS yslaófuka hq;=j yeisÍu msKsi j;aufkys ork ixys|h s d jEhug o fuu uQ,O¾u wÞ< fõ' 1'4'1 wjxlj jro ms<s.ekSu ;u jro" jrola f,i olskk a d iy ;u jro ms<s.;a wkHhkag ksis whqßka iudj Nckh lrkakd hk fofokdu m%×jka;fhda fj;s ;u jro" jrola fia fkdolskk a d iy ;u jro ms<s.;a wkHhkag ksis whqßka iudj fkdfokakd hk fofokdu wi;amqreI nd,fhda fj;s

nd,mKaä; iQ;%h" wx.=;a;r ksldh

mQcH j,iajej ×kr;k iajdókajykafia iu.ska l< idlÉPdj¦ (Ajahn Brahmavamso 2011)

jrog t,a,jk fodia wjxlj ms<s.ekSu W;a;=x. jk nj;a jrog iudjoSu m%×jka;hdf.a .;sh jk nj;a nqÿkajyfia mejiQfial' fuysoS ixys|h s dj hkq jrolrejka kïlsÍ fï" fodaIdfrdamK t,a, lsÍfï" ,Êcdjg m;alsÍfï ;;ajhla fyda m%ia;=;h wysñlr.ekSula f,i fkdj ch.%yKh ,eîula f,i ie,lSug jrolrejd osß.kajhs' idu[a[M, iQ;%fha ;u mshd ueÍfï nrm;<lu wjfndaO lr.;a wcdi;a; rc;=ud ;u jro ms<s.;a wjia:dfõoS nqÿkajykafia fufia foaYkd lr;a( zTn úiska isÿl< wmrdOh" wmrdOhla f,i olsñka O¾uhg wkql+,j tu jro msßueiSug Tn lghq;= lrk fyhska Tfí fuu mdfmdÉPdrKh ms<s.ksñ' hï jrola" jrola f,i olsñka O¾uhg wkql+,j Bg WÑ; mßos jkaosf.ùug iy wkd.;fhaoS yslaófuka l%shdlsÍu O¾ufha fukau wd¾hhkaf.a úkfhys j¾Okhg fya;=jkafka hZ ^idu[a[M, iQ;%h" oS> ksldh iq;% 2&' nqÿoyug wkqj" hï mdml¾uhla isÿlrk ,oafoa o" tu jro ludlr.ekSfï l%uhla fkdue;' isÿl< oE wdmiq yerùfï l%uhla fkdue;s jk w;r isÿl< yelafla jro ksjro lsÍuhs' ;u jro y÷kdf.k th ms<s.ekSug yelsùu ixys|h s d l%shdj,sh ;=< w;HdjYH wx.hla jk w;r zi;H fldñIka iNdZ fyda Bg iudk fjkhï jHqyhla yryd fï i|yd myiqlï ie,ish yelsh' 1'5 ixys|h s dj Yla;su;a lrjk jákdlï ixialD;sh iu.sh we;slsÍfï wfmalaIdj muKlau u; mokï fjñka ;srir ixys|h s djla we;slr.; fkdyels nj úkh Í;s ;=< ms<sf.k ;sfí' tA i|yd .eg¿jg uQ, îc jQ ldrKd ms<sn| wfkdkH wjfndaOhla iy wkd.;fhaoS yslaófuka hq;=j lghq;= lsÍug fmdfrdkaÿùu wjYH fõ' tuksid" ixys|h s djg iyh ,ndfokakdjQ;a tjka l%shdj,shla ;=< ksjeroslrejka iajlSh ;;ajh wjNdú;d fkdlrk nj iy;sl lrkakdjQ;a zjákdlï ixialD;shlaZ ms<sn|j idlÉPd lr ;sfí ^:dksiaidfrda Nslal=" 2011¦ “Forgive and Forget”, 2013& w& iajhx wdj¾ckh - wfkfll= foig weÕs,a, os.= lsÍug m%:ufhka wjxl yd j.lSfuka hq;a iajhx wdj¾ckhl ksr;ùu O¾uh mqyK q q lsÍfïoS w;HdjYH lreKls' tysoS úuish hq;= m%Yk a w;rg zuúiska isÿl<" iudÞkhg m;a fkdjQ jroj,a ;sfío@ u fï i|yd fmd<Ujkafka m<s.ekSu fjkqjg lreKdj u.sko a @ wmf.a wfkdkH iïu;hka wkqj ud ieneúkau ksfodia o@Z fuu m%Yk a j,g zTjqZ hkqfjka ms<s;=re osh yelskï muKla .eg¿j biau;= l<hq;=h' wd& WÑ; NdIdj - WÑ; NdIdj Ndú;h ^fnoSï we;slrk NdIdj Ndú;d fkdlsÍu& i|yd i;HjQ;a" l,g TìkakdjQ;a" iquqÿ jQ;a" .e,fmkakdjQ;a" iu.sh m%j¾Okh lrkakdjQ;a" lreKdfjka fmd<Ujk ,oaÞjQ;a jpk muKla Ndú;d lrkak' we& fm<Uùu - fuysoS fm<Uùu úh hq;af;a ohdj" wkHhkag iqnfi;la fõjdhs hk me;=u" jrolrejka mqkre†mkh jkq oelSug we;s Wkkaÿj iy jro yd ksjro ms<sn| idOdrK uQ,O¾u ms<smeoSug we;s Wkkaÿj u; fõ' ixys|h s djg u. mdokakd jQ iÞpdr j.lSï myla jákdlï ixialD;shg we;=<;a h' ;uka úiska hï ydkshla isÿl< miq tys j.lSu Ndr.ekSu u.yer hdu i|yd mqoa.,hska fhdÞ.kakk a d l%fudamdhka jYfhka j;auka iudc úoHd{hska y÷kdf.k we;s uQ,sl l%fudamdhhka fuu iÞpdr j.lSï my ;=<ska wdjrKh lr we;s wkaou ieneúkau mqÿu iy.; h ^:dksiaidfrda Nslal=" 2011& l%fudamdh

iÞpdr j.lSu

j.lSu .ekSu m%;slafIam lsÍu

isysfhka hq;=j wm isÿlrk f;aÍï iïnkaOfhka wm iEuúgu j.lsjhq;=h

ieneúkau ydkshla jQ nj m%;slafIam lsÍu

iEuúgu wm wfkl=;a mqoa.,hdf.a ;;ajh wmg wdfrdamKh lr ne,sh hq;=h

úkaos;hdf.a jákdlu m%;slafIam lsÍu

ish¿ufokd .re;ajh ,eîug iqÿiq h

fpdaokdj lrkakdg myroSu

wmf.a jro fmkajd fokakjqka ie,lsh hq;af;a wmg jia;=jla fmkajdfokakjq jYfhka fõ

;uka W;=ï wruqKla Wfoid tfia l<nj mejiSu

wdpdrO¾óh yeisÍï iïnkaO uQ,sl YslaIdmo W,a,x>kh lsÍu idOdrKSlrKh l<yels W;=ï wruqKla fkdue;

nqoaO foaYkdfõ jk we;eï uQ,sl b.ekaùï" tkï" mxpYS,h" wd¾h wIaGdx.sl ud¾.h" l¾uM,h" oi mdrñ;d iy i;r n%yu a úyrK hkdoS b.ekaùï ;=< fuu uQ,O¾u fmdÿfõ .eíj ;sfí' fuu jeo.;a foaYkd w;ßka wÞ< jk b.ekaùï lsym s hla my; idlÉPdlr we;s w;r" ixl%dka;sl hqla;s hka;%K iy ld¾hmámdá l%shd;aul lsÍfïoS iy tAjd i,ldne,SfïoS jeo.;a jk lreKq wjfndaO lr.ekSug fuu idlÉPdj m%fhdackj;a jkq we;' mxpYS,h hkq iÞpdrhg jk m%dfhda.l s t<Uquls' by; fláfhka úia;r lrkakg fhÿKq wd¾h wIaGdx.sl ud¾.h iÞpdrd;aul yeisÍu" udkisl yslaóu iy m%×j hk fn!oaO YslaIdj ;=< w;HdjYH wx. jYfhka i,lk ,laIK osß.ekaùu iy mßmQ¾K ;;ajh olajd mqreÿmqyqKq lsÍu b,lal lr.;a ud¾.hls' oi mdrñ;d hkq ohdfjka j.d flfrk" ;¾lfhka ud¾f.damfoaY ,nk" wd;aud¾:ldó wruqKqj,ska n,mEug m;a fkdjk iy ñ;HdoDIaáfhka yd ;uka ms<sn| wyxldr yeÕSïj,ska le,,g m;a fkdjk f,daflda;a;r YS,hka fõ ^kdro uyd f;rKqfjda" 1980&' 1'5'1 i;r nyauúyrK iudcfha tluq;=lu we;slsÍu i|yd jvd;au jeo.;ajk nqoaO foaYkdjla f,i i;r n%yu a úyrK ye|skú a h yelsh( 1 fu;a;d( ish¿ i;ajhska fj; yoj;sku a olajk ñ;%;ajh 2 lreKd( wkHhkaf.a ÿl yd fõokdjg m%;spdr olajkakg bv i,ik wkqlïmdj 3 uqos;d( wka whf.a m%.;sh oel B¾IHdj iy ffjrh ÿ/,d we;slr.kakd i;=g 4 WfmlaLd( ish¿fokd flfrys WfmalaIdfjka iy iudkd;au;djfhka ie,lSu ffu;%sh fu;a;d" ke;fyd;a ffu;%sh hkq iEu i;ajfhla fj;u ienE ñ;%;ajfhka hq;=j lghq;= lsÍuhs' th" fldamh" ffjrh iy wfkl=;a whym;a Ñ;a; iajNdjhka uevmeje;aúh yels hym;a ufkdaNdjhla is;a ;=< cks; lrjhs' lreKdjka; yeÕSï ;=<ska lh ikid,k w;r tjka yeÕSï we;s mqoa.,hskg a fukau tjka yeÕSïj,g úIhjk mqoa.,hskg a o ksoyi f.k fohs' wkHhkag fu;ajeãu ;=<ska is; msßisÿjk w;r mlaIdmd;S;ajh" mQ¾ju;" fjkiafldg ie,lSu iy ffjrh rys; yeisÍïj,g u. mdohs' fu;a;d hk jok mekk.skf a ka ñ;a;" tkï ñ;=rd hk mofhka fõ' nqÿkajykafia foaYkdlrk ñ;=relu jvd;a ióm jkafka ujla orefjl=g olajk yeÕSïj,g fõ' tkï" <uhd l=uk wkaoñka yeisreKo ujf.ka .,dtk wdorlreKd m%jdyh fkdfjkiaj mj;shs' ujl osúysñfhka iajlSh orejd rlskk a d fia ish¿ i;ajhd flfrys wm%udK ffu;%s is; jeäh hq;af;a h' muK rys; jQ" tfiau mSvd rys; jQ" ffjr fÉ;kd rys;jQ isf;ys ffu;%sh o by< my< iri hk ish¿ i;aj f,dalfhys jeäh hq;af;a h'

lrKSh fu;a; iQ;%h

úúO i;ajhskf a .a yeisÍu flfia jqjo ffu;%sh o tA wkaoñka fkdfjkiaj m;=rejd,kq ,efí' tA wkqj n,k l, nqÿoyfï tk ffu;%sh ixl,amh udkj j¾.hd tlu mjq,la jk nj;a ish¿ ukqIHhskf a .a iudkd;au;djh iy ukqIH j¾.hdf.a wdOHd;añl tluq;=j hk ixl,am u; mokïj ks¾udKh ù ;sfí' m%dK>d;fhka je,lSu iïnkaOfhka jn fn!oaO YslaIdmoh iïmQ¾Kfhka .;a l, tys wre; jkafka zmqoa.,hd oKav iy wism; hk folu mfil ,d iajlSh yDo idlaIshg wkqj il, f,dal i;ajhd flfrysu lreKdnrj wdorfhka yd ohdkqlïmdfjka i;ajhd >d;kfhka je,flkafka hZ hkak hs' nqÿ oyfï wNsfhda.h jkafka m<s.ekSu iy ffjrfhka ÿriaù ish¿ i;ajhdg ohdkqlïmdj oelaùuhs' ffjrh hkq ;ukaj mrdchg f.k hk fÉ;kdjla jk w;r tys jvd;au ydksjkafka ffjrhg ,lajkakg fkdj ffjr lrkakdghs' wiqj,d ug nekafka h" wiqj,d ug .eiqfõ h" wiqj,d ud merojQfha h" wiqj,d ud i;=foa meyer .;af;a hehs ffjr n|sk ;eke;a;df.a ffjrh fkdikaisf|a wiqj,d ug nekafka h" wiqj,d ug .eiqfõ h" wiqj,d ud merojQfha h" wiqj,d ud i;=foa meyer .;af;a hehs ffjr fkdn|sk ;eke;a;df.a ffjrh ikaisf|a'

hul j.a.h" 3 yd 4 .d:d mdG" Oïumoh 13

il, f,dal i;ajhdg wdorh oelaùu fkdfyd;a ffu;%sh f,dal iduh i|yd ;HdjYH idOlhls' lsisÿ iSudjlg hg;a fkdù úYajfha i;r os.N a d.fhau jik iEu ish¿ i;ajhd fj;u m;=rejkakls" ffu;%sh' f,dal iduhg ud¾.h jeà we;af;a mqoa.,hd ;=, iduh WÞ lsÍu ;=<ska fõ' lreKdj ffu;%s fÉ;kdfõ l%shdldÍ iajrEmh lreKdj ke;fyd;a ohdkqlïmdj jk w;r t;=<ska wkHhkaf.a ÿlaL fõokdjkag m%;spdr oelaùug yd m%;sl%shd lsÍug wmg yelshdj ,ndfohs' fnÞyÞ .ekSu" wiajeiSug iQÞku" wkqlïmdj" ie,ls,a, oelaùu wjOdkh ,ndoSu hkdoS ish,a, ohdkqlïmdfõ úúO iajrEm fõ' fn!oaO fmd;mf;a oelafjk wkaoug" wkHhkag ydks lsÍfuka yd mSvd lsÍfuka j,lsk lreKdnr mqoa.,fhda mSvdjg m;aj isákakkag iykh ,ndoSug;a wkHhka fj; ,ndosh yels wñ, ;Hd.hla jk iqrlaI; s Ndjh Tjqkg ,ndoSug;a jEhï or;s' iudjoSu hkq wjfndaOh iy ohdkqlïmdj mqreÿ mqyK q q lsÍuhs' wm ú|sk fõokdj" ffjrh iy Nh fMkaøSh jk njla wmg wjfndaO jQ l,ays wms tAjdhska mek ÿjkakg jEhï fkdorkafkuq' nqÿkajykafia b.ekajQ ikaiqkaùu" úfõlh iy wjf,dalkh ;=<ska ksudjla fkdue;s fuu wmkdmfha" fldamfha" ;kslfï" ffjrfha" ìfha iy wirKnfõ pl%h wjfndaOfha wx. njg mßj¾;kh lr.; yels w;r th wmf.a ika;dkfha ohdj" i;=g iy iqnisoaêfha fmdaIKh lrkq we; ^l=remamq 2003&' 1'6 i;Hh nqÿoyug wkqj i;H ieÕúh fkdyels w;r" tfia lsÍu mxpYS,fha isjqjk YslaIdmoh jk fndre lSfuka je,lS isàu hk YslaIdj ì|Sula jkq we;'fn!oaO oDIaáfldaKh wkqj fuf,dj hï i;Hhla fõ kï wm th ms<s.ekSug iQÞkñka isáh hq;=h'5 tu i;H l=uk ia:dkhlska u;=jkaklao hkak tysoS wÞ< fkdfõ' ;jo" i;H ia:djr úh hq;=h¦ zi;H kï tlls" tuksid fojk i;Hhla fkdue;af;a h'Z ziÉpZ fkdfyd;a i;H hkq oi mdrñ;djka w;ßka tlla fõ' nqÿnj ,eîug fmreïmqrk iEu fndaêi;ajhl=u oi mdrñ;d msßh hq;= h' mqoa.,hd iEuúglu i;H mejish hq;= nj;a i;Hg .re l<hq;= nj;a lsisÞ i;H hgm;a fkdl<hq;= nj;a zoi rdc O¾ufhysZ i|yka fõ' i;Hg .re lsÍug kï" i;H mejish hq;= jkafka h' by; i|yka l< mßos" uQ,sl YS,hla jk zi;HZ ;=<ska mqoa.,hl= i;= wjfndaOh iy tu mqoa.,hdf.a ikakf s õokh w;r iqixfhda.hla fmkakï q lrhs' iïud osÜÀh hkq wd¾h wIaGdx.sl ud¾.fha uQ,au wx.h jk w;r tu.ska wd¾h wIaGdx.sl ud¾.fha wfkl=;a wx. idlaId;a lr.ekSug u. mdohs' th ;u werUqu wjfndaO lr.ekSug mqoa.,hdg WmldÍ fjhs' iïudosÜÀh fohdldr fõ( 1' fmfkk i;H - idudkH yd f,dal iïu; i;H - iïuq;s ilal - fuf,dj iSud ;=< wÞ< fõ' tkï" idudkH f,dalfha ms<s.kakd úoHdj" l,dj" idys;H yd b;sydih iïnkaO oekqu 2' mru i;H - wuq¾; i;H - mru;a; iÉp - fuf,dúka ksoyiaùug u. mdohs hful=g fya;=M,jdoh iy ish¿ foa we;sùfï yd ke;sùfï iajNdjh wjfndaO lr.; yelafla ksjeros wjfndaOh ;=<ska muKla fõ' Ôú;fha i;H wjfndaO lr.ekSfï fn!oaO t<Uqu fuhhs ^l=remamq" 2003&' flf,ia uq,skm q qgd oeóug yelshdj we;af;a m%×j ;=<ska muKlau jk fyhska i;H wjfndaO lr.ekSu ienE i;=g idlaId;a lr.ekSug w;HdjYH jk w;r i;H wjfndaO lr.; yelafla m%×j ;=<ska fõ' 1'7 l¾uh kS;sfha md,khg ish¿fokd hg;ajkakd fiau fuf,dj ish¿fokd l¾ufha kS;shg hg;a jk nj fn!oaOfhda úYajdi lr;s' l¾udkql+, fya;=M,jdohg wkqj is;du;d lrk iEu l%shdjla miqmiu l=i, fyda wl=i, fÉ;kdjla ;sfí' tu hym;a fyda whym;a fÉ;kd wkqj hym;a fyda whym;a l¾u úmdlhkag uqyK q oSug mqoa.,hdg isÿfõ' iEu l%shdjlgu m%;sl%shdjla we;' hful= hym;a l%shdj, ksr;jkafka kï" tu l%shdj, m%;sM,h jYfhka tu mqoa.,hdg ika;=IaÀhla f.k fokq we;s w;r" hul= ÿIag l%shdjkays ksr; jkafka kï tjka l%shdjkays m%;sM,hla jYfhka tu mqoa.,hdg 5mQcH

fn,a,kaú, úu,r;k iajdókajykafia iu.ska l< idlÉPdj¦

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ixhqla; ksldh 1 -227

tA wkqj" nqÿoyu hkq mqoa.,hd mQ¾K jYfhkau ksoyia l%shdlrejl= lrjk ziajhxl%sh iÞpdr moaO;shlaZ jYfhka ks¾jpkh l< yelsh' l¾ufha wre; jkafka mqoa.,hska fï wd;au Njfha fukau fmr wd;auNjhkays iajlSh l%shdjkaf.a m%;sM,hkag Wreulï lshk njhs' is;du;d lrk l%shdjla iEuúglu m%udKfhka yd iajNdjfhka tu fÉ;kdjg iudk fÉ;kdjl m%;sl%shdjlg u.mdok nj l¾ufhka iy;sl lrhs' hful=g l¾uh iy fÉ;kdkaú; l%shdjkays m%;sM,h ^l¾u úmdl& wjfndaO jkafka kï tu mqoa.,hd ÿIag yd wl=i, l%shdjkaf.ka ÿria jkq we;' l¾u kS;sh ;=< .eíjk j.ùu keue;s ixl,amh fuysoS b;d meyeos,s h' th l%shdj lrkakdf.a fÉ;kdj u; uq¿uksku a r\ mj;shs' fuysoS" fÉ;kdj b;du;a jeo.;a ks¾Kdhlhla jYfhka nqÿoyu ;=< ie,flk w;r úu¾Yk lghq;= uq,sl jYfhkau fuu fÉ;kdj fj; fhduqù isÿ flfrkq ,nhs' ish¿ ^hym;a yd whym;a& l%shdjkag uQ,sl jkafka is; hs ^l=udrfiak" 2011& ukiska f,dalh fufyhfjk w;r ukiska th md,kh fõ ish¿ ukqIHfhda iajlSh ukfia iajdêm;H we;af;da fj;s - kdro f;rKqfjda 1'7'1 l¾uh úmdloSu zNslaIqk"s b;d iq¿ wl=i, l¾uhla fya;=fjka we;eï mqoa.,fhda ksrfha bmfo;a' kuq;a" Bg iudk wl=i,hla ;j;a mqoa.,l=g fuf,djoSu úmdloSug bv we;s w;r" tysoS iq¿ lreKq fkdj b;du nrm;< ;;ajhka muKla fmfkkakg ;sfnkq we;' l%shdfjka yslaóu we;slr fkd.;a" iÞpdrd;aul yslaóu we;slr fkd.;a" udkisl yslaóu we;slr fkd.;a" m%×j oshqKq fkdjQ mqoa.,fhda isá;a' Tjqyq iq¿ l¾u úmdl ms<sn|j l<lsreKq is;a we;sj isá;a' tjka mqoa.,hsk"a ^¨Kq leghla l=vd n÷klg oukakd fia& b;d iq¿ wl=i, l¾uhla fya;=fjka jqjo wmd.; jkq we;' l%shdfjka yslaóu we;s" iÞpdrd;aulj yslaóu we;s" isf;a yslaóu we;s" m%×j oshqKq lr.;a mqoa.,fhda isá;a' fmr i|yka l< iq¿ wl=i, l¾u tjka mqoa.,hskg a fuf,djoSu m, fohs' tysoS o" ^.x.djlg ¨Kq leghla oeuQjdla fuka& iq¿ lreKq fkdj b;d nrm;< wx. muKla fmfkkakg ;sfnkq we;Z hkqfjka nqÿkajykafia jrl foaYkd l< fial' tA wkqj" i;ajhskf a .a mßkdujdoS ;=,dfjys l¾udkql+, ke.Sï fukau neiSï we;sùfï bvla mj;shs' tA wkqj hful=g ;ukaf.a l¾uh yev.id .ekSug we;s bvlv fndfyda h ^kdro f;rKqfjda" 1980&' l¾u nr wvq fyda jeä lsÍug fya;=jk fldkafoais myla we; ^Santina, n.d.&( mqoa.,noaO fldkafoais( w& fkdkej;S h<s h<s;a lrk l%shd wd& oeä wfmalaId iy wêIaGdkh iys;j lrk l%shd we& mYapd;a;dmhla fkdue;sj lrk l%shd úIhnoaO fldkafoafi( wE& iqúfYaIS ,laIK iys; mqoa.,hskg a lrk l%shd b& w;S;fhaoS M,m%fhdack ,enQ mqoa.,hskg a lrk l%shd hï l%shdjl iajNdjh ;SrKh lrkakd jQ mqoa.,noaO iy úIhnoaO iajNdjh l¾uh ;=< ie,ls,a,g .kq ,nhs' isÿl< l%shdj úIhnoaO jkafka kï" tjka l%shdjkays nr jeäfõ' t;=<sk"a isÿl< l%shdjg" tkï fya;=jg iudk m%;sM,hla ,efnk nj iy;sl lrkq ,nhs' hfula j¾;udkfha lrkq ,nk l%shd wkqj tu mqoa.,hdf.a w;S; l¾u fjkia lr.; yelsh' b;d n,j;a mqKH l¾u fya;=fjka we;eï wl=i,hka úmdloSu je,elaùug fyda tAjdfhka we;sjk n,mEu wvqlr,Sug yelsjk w;r b;d n,j;a wl=i, l¾u iïnkaOfhkao th tfiauh' hful=g ;uka w;S;fha l< lS oE u;l fkd;sîu l¾uh úmdloSug n, fkdmdhs' ixidr .uk ;=< floskl

fyda ;u l%shdjka úmdloSu ksh; nj wjfndaO lr.ekSu fn!oaOhdf.a pß;h yev.iajd.ekSug WmldÍ fjhs' 1'7'2 mxp kshdu O¾u nqÿoyfï tk l¾u ixl,amh ffojjdoh fkdjk nj fuysoS wjfndaO lr.; hq;=h' nqÿkajykafia ksh;sjdoh fukau wfya;=l wmamÉPhjdoh fkdms<s.;a fial ^Santina, n.d.&' hï w;aoelSul iajNdjhg fya;=jk lreKq w;r l¾uh o tlla fõ' ukqIHhd úúO kshuhkaf.a l%shdldÍ;ajhg hg;ajk nj nqÿkajyfia foaYkd l< fial ^mshoiais f;rKqfjda" 1980&' mxp kshdu O¾u fïjd w;rg jefÜ( 1' W;= kshdu 2' îc kshduh 3' Ñ;a; kshduh 4' Oïu kshduh 5' lïu kshduh tA wkqj n,k l, f,dal i;ajhdf.a meje;aug n,mdk idOl w;r l¾uh tla idOlhls' th o iSud lrjk kshuhka we;' ;jo" hï l¾uhl wjika úmdlhg wfkl=;a l¾u o n,mE yelsh' 1'8 úmdlÞhS hqla;sh fn!oaO o¾Ykh ;=< lsisÿ jrola i|yd úmdl ,ndoSfï mokñka o~qjï meñKùu fhdackd fkdfõ ^l=udrfiak" 2011&' wmrdOh hkq ;ks mqoa.,hl=f.a f;aÍu u; isÿjkakla jqjo" ;ukag ish leue;a; wkqj lghq;= lsÍug fkdyels ;;ajhla WÞù we;s njla jrolrejdg wjfndaOù ;sfnkakg bv we;' tysoS" úkh foaYkdfõ oelafjk wkaoug wjOdkh fhduqjkafka mqoa.,hdf.a fÉ;kdj foig ñi tu mqoa.,hd jrolrefõoehs ;SrKh lsÍug fkdfõ' fÉ;kdj" jrfoa iajNdjh ;SrKh lrhs' hful= hï l%shdjl ksr;jQfha ;u leue;af;ka fkdfõ kï tu mqoa.,hd Bg jrolre fkdfõ' fÉ;kdj ,sy, s a jkúg l%shdfõ nrm;<lu o ,sy, s a fõ ^r;akmdk iQ;%h (5" 93" 192& úmdlÞhS hqla;sh ;=<ska tu wjia:djg hï iykhla yd ;Dma;shla ,efn;;a th mßmQ¾K hqla;shla fkdfõ' wjYH lrkafka mßmQ¾K hqla;shla jk fyhska tjka wjia:djl fya;=$ M,h os.k s a os.gu mejf;kq we;' fn!oaO oDIaáfldaKh wkqj hqla;sh ;=<ska jeäfhkau wjOdkh fhduql< hq;af;a laIudj" ohdj iy m%×j jeks lafIa;% fj; fõ' fïjd" oekg l%shd;aul fjñka mj;sk ixl%dka;sl yd ms<silre hqla;s uQ,O¾uhka g mokï jk ixl,am fõ' fï iïnkaOfhka idlÉPd jk md,s iQ;% lsym s hla we;( 1' wx.=,sud, iQ;%h - wmrdOh iy o~qju iïnkaOfhka nqÿiufha tk m%isoaO;u iQ;%hla fõ' th" fkdkj;ajd ukqIH >d;kfha ksr;jQ mqoa.,hl= iïnkaOfhka jk iQ;%hls' wx.=,sud, wu;k nqÿkajykafia zish¿ i;ajhskg a ysxid lsÍfuka je,el=Kq uu kej;S isáñ' kuq;a Tn m%dKh iys; i;ajhska fj; yslaóu we;slrf.k fkdue;Z hkqfjka foaYkd l< w;r" wl=i,fhys fhoSu iÞld,hgu w;yer ouk wx.=,sud, NslaIq Ydikhg we;=<;aù ;u w;S; wl=i, uldouñka ry;aNdjh ,nhs' ry;aNdjh ,nk wx.=,sud, m%ldY lrk woyia we;=<;a .d:d mdG fuu iQ;%fha ;sfí' ;ud l< wl=i,hka kj;ajd tA fjkqjg l=i,fha ksr;jkakd j,dl=¿ jeiafuka ñÿkq i|la fia f,dalh wdf,dalu;a lrhs o~qju u.ska zwmrdOh wfydaisùZ hk njla nqÿoyfï i|yka fkdjk w;r" ry;a M,h ,nd jqjo ;u l¾u úmdl ish,a, u.yrjd .kakg wx.=,sud, f;reKag fkdyels úh' 2' plalj;a;s isykdo iQ;%h - fuu iQ;%h ÿ.SNdjh yd m%pKav;ajh w;r we;s in|;djh wduka;%Kh lrhs' m%Yk a i|yd úi÷ï ,ndoSfï fn!oaO l%uh jkafka tu jro g fya;=j ksjerosj wjfndaO lr.ekSu ;=<ska m%Yk a h úi|Suhs' fidrlu" fndrelSu" m%pKav;ajh" ffjrh" l=ßrelu hkdoS ÿrdpdr l%shdjkag ÿ.SNdjh fya;=jk nj fuu iQ;%fha i|yka fõ' wmrdO j,lajd,Sfï 16

wruqKska rcq .kakd m%pKav l%shdud¾. fya;=fjka iudch lvdjeàug ,lajk wkaou iQ;% foaYkdfõ meyeos,s lroS ;sfí' we;eï wjia:dj, jrog ,ndfok o~qju jrfoau m%;sìïNhla jkafka kï ^úmdljdoSka fhdackd lrkafka fuhhs&" tysoS" o~qju wmrdOfha m%;sìïNhla fõ' plalj;a;s isykdo iQ;h % ksud jkafka l%Er;ajfha Wmßuhg <ÕdjQ miq ñksiqka .,a .=yd' ,÷le,E iy .iafnk j, ieÕfjk nj;a bka t<shg tk is,aj;aNdjh h<s <Õdlr.;a ñksiaiq tlsfkld je<|f.k iu.sh h<s ia:dmkh lrk nj;a i|yka lrñks' 3' l+goka; iQ;%h - fuu iQ;%fha tla;rd mqfrday; s fhla ;ukaf.a rfÜ kS;sh j,ajeoS we;s nj;a isú,a md,kh wjq,aù we;s nj;a tA fya;=fjka foam< wkdrlaIs;Ndjhg m;aj we;s nj;a rc;=udg mjihs' wmrdO ;=rka lsÍug ck;djf.a wd¾;slh j¾Okh l<hq;= njg Tyq rc;=udg Wmfoia fohs ^rdyq," 1996&' o~qjï yryd wmrdO uev,Sug jEhï oeÍu fl;rï w¾:Y=kH oehs fuu iQ;%fhka meyeos,s lr fohs' wmrdO kvqúOdk ld¾hmámdáh ;=< wd¾Ól iy iudc miqìuo i,ld ne,sh hq;= nj;a tjka m%Yk a úi|SfïoS jrog úmdl ,ndfok wkaofï o~qjï ,ndoSu fjkqjg ñksiqkaf.a uQ,sl whs;sjdislï imqrd,k l%shdud¾. .ekSu jeo.;a jk nj plalj;a;s iq;=f¾ fukau l+goka; iq;=f¾ o i|yka fõ' tjka uQ,sl m%Yk a úi|SfïoS jkaos m%;s,dN ,ndoSu iy iqnidOk l%shdud¾.hkag t<öu wfmalaId flf¾' M,ÞhS ixys|h s djla idlaId;a lr.ekSug ixl%dka;sl hqla;sfha tla uQ,sl;u l=¿Kla jkafka jkaos$ iyk ,ndoSfï jevigyka h' th" wd¾Óluh jkaos ,ndoSu flfrys uQ,slju wjOdkh fhduqlrk w;r tysoS isÿjk jvd;au jeo.;a l¾;jH jkafka w;S;fhaoS isÿjQ nrm;< l%Erlï tfia isÿjQ nj ms<s.ekSug ,la lsÍu ;=<ska úkaos;hskg a .re;ajh f.k tAu iy iudc tAld.%;djh fmdaIKh lsÍuhs' 1'9 mqoa., j.lSï - wdl,amuh fjki ÿ.SNdjh iy iudc widOdrKlïj,g wu;rj fMkaøSh ;DIaKdj o .egqïj,g uq,a jk nj uyÿlaLkaO iQ;%fha i|yka fõ ^Nslal= fndaê" 179-185 msgq&' WÞr hehs lshd.kakd foaYmd,k u;jdo iy ÿla.ekú,sj,g háka we;af;a o ;DIaKdj" n,lduh" wdêm;H me;srùu" ffjrh" uq<dj hkdoS jQ idudkH ñksia yeisÍïj,g fmd<Ujkakd jQ whym;a fÉ;kdjka u wmg yuq fõ' mqoa.,hdf.a is; ikid" isf;a we;s ffjrh" fl%daOh iy wdYdj ÿ/,Sulska f;drj .egqula ksrdlrKh l< yels hehs wfmalaId fkdl< hq;=h' jrla" nqÿkajykafia yuqjg meñKs Yl% foú÷ka" tkï foúhkaf.a wêm;s foú÷ka fufia úuiSh(ziduldój" tlsfkld flfrys ffjrh yd tosßjdoslïj,ska f;drj jdih lrkakg ñksiqka leue;af;ka miq jqjo Tjqkg ffjrfhka yd tosßjdoslïj,ska hq;=j .egqïldÍ mßirhl jdih lrkakg fya;= jkafka l=uk wdldrfha ne÷ï o@Z zB¾IHdfõ iy ;DIaKdfõ ne|Sïj,ska ñksiaiq nef|;aZ hehs nqÿkajykafia ms<sjoka ÿka fial' ÿlska ñoSu i|yd nqÿkajykafia b.ekajQ ud¾.hg uQ,sl wä;d,u ,ndfokafka mqoa.,hd úisku a ;uka ;=< we;slr.kakd mßj¾;khhs' ish¿u l%shdjkag uq, jkafka is; jk fyhska is; msßisÿ lr.ekSu nqÿkajykafia foaYkd l< m%;sl¾uh úh Ôïumoh 1-2&' tysoS nqÿkajykafia wjOdrKh l< wdrlaIl jeg jkafka wdl,am ;=< fjkila we;s lr.ekSuhs' fuu fjki we;s lr.ekSu ms<sn| nqoaO NdIs;h my; .d:d mdGfha .eíj ;sfí( fl%daO lrkakd fl%daO fkdlsÍfuka ^fyj;a ffu;%s lsÍfuka& oskh s hq;=h wi;amqreIhd i;amqreIlñka oskh s hq;=h' uiqrd oSfuka ^;Hd.fhka& oskh s hq;=h' fndre lshkakd i;Hfhka oskh s hq;=h' Oïumoh" 223 .d:dmdGh bjiSfuka hq;a" ffjr fkdlrk" wúysxidjdoS mqoa.,hl= nqÿkajyfia úia;r lf<a m%×jka;" WÞr iy mßK; mqoa.,hl= Ôïumoh 258-261& iy n%dyauKhl= jYfhka fõ Ôïumoh 142-405& i;H lsjhq;=h' ^mryg& fkdlsmsh hq;=h' wksll= hula b,aÆ l, álla jqj;a osh hq;=h' fï ;=ka lreKska flfkl=g foúhka fj; h; yelsh' Oïumoh" 224 .d:dmdGh

laIdka;sh iy bjiSu we;sj wj,do" myroSï iy ÞiNdjh bjid ord isák mqoa.,hska o ^Oïumoh 399& i;=rkag ñ;=relï mE yd m%pKavhska w;f¾ iduldój yeisreKq mqoa.,hka o tf,iu w.h lr ;sfí ^Oïumoh 406&' 1'10 ks.ukh m%;sIaGdmk l%shdj,shg i;H" hqla;sh" iylïmkh iy ohdkqlïmdj jeks ixl,am we;=<;a jk w;r" ixl%dka;sl hqla;s hka;%K bosßhg Odjkh lrk n,fõ.h jYfhka ye|skú a h yelsh' fuu úYaùh ixl,am fj; nqÿoyñka ,ndoshyels Þhl;ajh wk,am h' ixys|h s dj we;slsÍug mqoa., wdl,am mßj¾;kh lsÍfuys ,d b;du;a jeo.;a jk Þ¾Yksl mokula fn!oaO foaYkh ;=< we;' whs;sjdislï W,a,x>kh wduka;%Kh lsÍug úi÷ula ks¾udKh lsÍfï fn!oaO l%ufõohg m%Yakh yd thg uq,ajk fya;= wjfndaO lrf.k h<s;a .egqï we;sùu j,lajd,Su we;=<;a fõ' fya;=idOl wjfndaO lr.ekSu iy i;H wjfndaO lr.ekSu i;H fiùug" úu¾Yk lsÍug yd i;H fldñIkaiNdj,g iïnkaO jk w;r tAjd ixl%dka;sl hqla;s hka;%Kfha w;HdjYH wx. fõ' nqÿoyu ;=< tk ixys|shdj wfkdkH wjfndaOh iy ohdkqlïmdj u;ska mek k.skk a ls' fn!oaO ixl,am wkqj j.ùu hkq hful=g o~qjï oSug jvd wjYH whg m%;s,dN ,ndoSuls' nqÿoyug wkqj j.ùu jvd;a .eUqßka i,ld ne¨jfyd;a th mqoa.,hdg fjka fjka jYfhka wÞ< jk l¾u kHdh ;=<ska mek k.skk a la fõ' th" fya;=j iy M,h u; ñi ;Hd. iy o~qju u; mokï ù we;a;la fkdfõ ^l=udrfiak" 2011& jrog o~qjïoSfï isg fÉ;kdj mqkre†mkh fj; wmf.a wjOdkh fhduq lrjd.ekSfï l%uhla fidhd.; hq;= nj úkh msglfha fhdackd fõ' jro ms<s.ekSu tys m<uq mshjr wk w;r ;uka w;ska isÿjQ jro .re;ajfhka hq;=j ms<s.kSu wdOHd;añl .=K j.dfjka m%.;sh ,nkakkaf.a ,laIKhla fõ' wdOHd;añl .=K j.dj nqÿ oyfï uQ,sl wruqKhs' mkjd we;s ;ykï W,a,x>kh jk wkaoñka lrk jeros l%shd iy fkdlr isàï ksjro lsÍu iïnkaOfhka o úkh msglfha we;=<;a fõ' mqoa.,hdf.a is; oukh lr.ekSfï jeo.;alu iy ienE ixys|h s dj yd iduh mqoa.,hdf.a is; ;=< ks¾udKh ù m%cdj w;f¾ fnÞyÞ .efkk nj O¾ufha wjOdrKh lrhs'

wdfY%ah .%ka: ,hsia;=j Anh-Huong. The power of forgiveness. Forgiveness and Buddhism. This article was developed for community conversations around The POWER of FORGIVENESS by Journey Films. Ariyaratne, Dr. A. T. Keynote speech ‘The Role of Religion in Reconciliation’ Report on the National Conference on Role of Religion in Reconciliation organized by Lakshman Kadiragamar Institute for International Relations and Strategic Studies (LKIIRSS). Bhikkhu Bodhi. The Middle Length Discourses of the Buddha. A translation of the Majjhima Nikaya, translated from the Pali. Original translation by Bhikkhu Nanamoli. Translation edited and revised by Bhikkhu Bodhi. Third edition. Brahmavamso, Ajahn. (2011, Feburary). A Buddhist Path to Reconciliation, Perth, Australia. Retrieved from http://www.buddhistfellowship.org/cms/index.php?/Download-document/350-A-Buddhist-Path-toReconciliation.html. Central Cultural Fund. (1994). Dhammapada. Pali-Sinhala-Tamil-English version. Dhamma Refelctions. (2015). Collected Essays of Bhikkhu Bodhi. Compiled by the Buddhist Publication Society, Kandy. Dhammahaso, Phramaha Hansa. Buddhist Values towards Conflict and Peace: Truth, Justice, Forgiveness and Reconciliation. Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University. Dhammananda, Galkande, (2016). ‘Suvapath Wemu’.

Dhirasekera, Jotiya (Now Bhikkhu Dhammavihari); Buddhist Monastic Discipline, Buddhist Cultural Centre, 2004 Guruge, Ananda W. P. (2010, November 16). The Buddha on Reconciliation: Keynote Address to the Symposium, World Fellowship of Buddhists, 25th General Conference, Colombo, Sri Lanka. Retrieved from http://buddhasdharma.blogspot.com/2010/11/buddha-on-reconciliation.html Hecker, Hellmuth. (2009). Similes of the Buddha: An Introduction. Buddhist Publication Society, Kandy. Khantipalo, Bhikkhu. The Buddhist Monk’s Discipline Kumarasena, Arya Keerthi; Accountability – Buddhist Perspective, Buddhist Cultural Centre, 2011 Kuruppu, Rajah. (2003). Buddhism: Its Essence and Some Relevant Approaches. Public Trustee Department. Loy, David R. (2000). How to Reform a Serial Killer: The Buddhist Approach to Restorative Justice. Journal of Buddhist Ethics, No. 7. Retrieved from http://ccbs.ntu.edu.tw/FULLTEXT/JR-BE/jbe101789.htm Narada Maha Thera. (1980). The Buddha and His Teachings. Buddhist Publication Society, Kandy. National Conference on the Role of Religion in Reconcilitation. (2013 July). Lakshman Kadirgamar Institute for International Relations and Strategic Studies. Piyadassi, Thera. (1970). Buddhism: A Living Message. Vajirarama, Colombo. Piyadassi, Thera. (1980). The Buddhist Dcotrine of Life After Death. Piyadassi, Thera. (1987). The Buddha’s Ancient Path. Buddhist Publications Society, Kandy. Rahula, Walpola. (1996) What the Buddha Taught (Revised edition), Buddhist Cultural Centre, Dehiwala. Religious Tolerance and Harmony. Research Papers Presented at the International Conference on Religious Tolerance and Harmony. 22nd and 23rd April, 2015. Department of Religious Studies and Comparative Philosophy, Buddhist and Pali Universtiy of Sri Lanka. Saddhatisssa, Hammalawa. (1991) Facets of Buddhism. The Buddhist Publications Soceity, Kandy. Scorsine, John M. Buddhist Perspectives on Transnational Restorative Justice. Thanissaro, Bhikkhu. (2006). Reconciliation, Right & Wrong. Purity of Heart: Essays on the Buddhist Path. Retrieved from http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/thanissaro/reconciliation.html Tilakaratne, Asanga. Justice, Kamma and Dhamma: Does Kamma in Buddhism Make Justice Redundant? Postgraduate Institute of Pali and Buddhist Studies, Colombo. Webb, Russell. (2011). An Analysis of the Pali Canon. Buddhist Publication Society, Kandy. Weeramantry, C. G. (2015, November 8). The Noble Eight-fold Path and the judicial process, The Sunday Times. – Retrieved from http://www.sundaytimes.lk/151108/sunday-times-2/the-noble-eight-fold-path-andthe-judicial-process-170842.html

fn!oaO NslaIQka iy úoaj;=ka iu.ska l< idlÉPd 1' rdclSh mKaä; wêlrK ix>kdhl mQcH j,iajej ×kr;k iajdóka jykafia" ysgmq cHIaG f,alï" fn!oaO yd md,s úYajúoHd,h" ysgmq msßfjka wOHdmk wOHlaI ckrd,a" wOHdmk wud;HdxYh iy cd;sl rd'fkd'ix' l%shdldß fmruqKq iNdm;s 2' mQcH fn,a,kaú, úu,r;k iajdóka jykafia" fn,a,kaú, rcuyd úydrfha ksfhdacH úydrdêm;s" › chj¾Okmqr úYajúoHd,fha l=,m;s 3' mQcH l=iqud f;rKska jykafia" whd fÄud cd;Hka;r fn!oaO Ndjkd uOHia:dkh 4' .,alkafoa Oïudkkao iajdñka jykafia" b;sydih lÓldpd¾h" le<Ksh úYajúoHd,h 5' mQcH uydpd¾h .,a,E,af,a iqukisß iajdóka jykafia" Wml=,m;s" fn!oaO yd md,s úYajúoHd,h 6' wdpd¾h tA'à' wdßhr;ak" iNdm;s" › ,xld i¾fjdaoh Y%uÞk jHdmdrh

2 jk mßÉfþoh ixl%dka;sl hqla;sh( i;Hfha iy hqla;sfha wdOHd;añl;djh lrd yskÿ a wd.ñl oDIaáfldaKhls zisÿjQ oE i|yd wmg j.ùula jqjukdh" i;H wm ish¿fokdu iqjm;a lr ksoyia lr,kq we;Z

2'1 ye|skaùu ixl%dka;sl hqla;s l%shdj,sh ;=< i;H yd hqla;sh iïnkaO .eg¿j,g wÞ<j yskÿ a oyfï we;s b.ekaùï wms fuu mßÉfþofha idlÉPd lruq' wmf.a fuu .fõIKh uQ,sl jYfhkau WmksIoa 7 .%k: a h iy N.j;a.S;dj8 mokï lrf.k isÿ lruq' ixl%dka;sl hqla;sh fjkqfjka i;H fiùfïoS j.ùu" úkaos;hskg a hqla;sh ,efnk nj iy ;srir ixys|h s djla iy iduhla WÞjk nj iy;sl lr.ekSu i|yd zw;S;fha mqrdfKdala;sZ iu.ska lghq;= lsÍug isÿfõ' i;H mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk wd.u ixl%dka;sl hqla;s hka;%Khkays b;d jeo.;a N+ñldjla ksrEmKh lrhs' ixl%dka;sl hqla;s l%shdj,sh ;=< w;HdjYH wx.hla f,i fmdaIKh l<hq;= i;Hfha n,fõ.hla f,i wd.u ye|skú a h yelsh' wd.ñl kdhlhka f.a N+ñldj jkafka i;H mj;ajdf.k hk u¾.hla Ô¾uhla& jYfhka ixl%dka;sl hqla;sh y÷kajd oS fuu ÿYalr .eg¿ iïnkaOfhka m%isoaO ixjdohkays ksr;ùug iudcfha ish¿fokd iïnkaO lr.ekSuhs' W;a;Í;r ;;ajh fidhd.sh iDIsjre iekiqu idlaId;a lr.;af;a Tjqka fuu i;Hfha ud¾.fha .uka l< fyhsk's 2'2 i;H mj;ajdf.k hk wd.u i;H m%isoaêfha fy<sorjq lsÍu iy ks, jYfhka ms<s.ekSu ;=<ska iqjm;aùu iy ixys|h s dj i|yd myiqlï i,ihs îQld" 2006" ms'8&' zfM;sydislj isÿj we;s i;H úlD; lr oelaùï u; mokï fjñka isÿ flfrk cd;sjdoS ñ;Hd ks¾udKh u.ska rgj,a w;r fukau rgj,a ;=<;a hqO .sks wjq¿jd we;s fyhska h<s;a m%pKav hqoaOhlg hdu j,lajd,Su i|yd lreKq iy b;sydih fhdÞ.ekSu j,lajd.ekSug jEhï oeßh hq;=hZ ^fukavf,d*a" 2004" 356-357 msgq&' zms<s fkd.ekSu" uq,dj fyda n,y;aldrfhka we;s lrjk ksy`v;djh udkj ysñlï W,a,x>kj, ,laIKhla jk wjia:djkayo s SZ ^fukafvia" ms'5& i;H fy<sorjq lsÍu ;=<ska j.ùu iy;sl flf¾' whsßka i|yka lrk wkaoug zwe;s lrk ,o úúOdldr fldñIka iNd .Kkdj w;ßka tlla fyda zi;HfhaZ jk m%Yk a ldÍ iajrEmh ms<sf.k fyda fkdue;s w;r" tla i;Hhla muKla ia:dms; l< yals nj;a ixys|h s dj isÿjk nj iy;sl lr.ekSu i|yd th ia:dms; l<hq;= nj;a tAjd u.ska Wml,amkh lr ;sfí'Z Tyq ;jÿrg;a i|yka lrkafka zi;H fldñIka iNd we;s lrkúg i;Hfha mj;akd m%Yk a ldÍ iajNdjh ms<s.ekSug ,la lr th wduka;%Khg lghq;= lsÍu w;HdjYH jkafka tksidfjkaZ njhs ^fudafnla" 2005" ms'266&' wmg wjYH jkafka i;Hfha wOHd;añl .=Khhs' i;H ks¾jpkfhaoS Woa.;jk jHdl+,;ajh yskÿ a oyfï O¾uh iy i;H iïnkaOfhka jk wjfndaOh ;=<ska meyeos,s lr.ekSug yelsh' O¾uh idlaId;a lr.ekSu i|yd i;H wjYHjk nj" ke;fyd;a mQ¾jl,amkh l<hq;= nj tysoS wmg fmfkkq we;' zO¾uZ hk moh ì|S ú;a we;af;a zO¾Z" tkï zord.ekSu" Wmia:ïNkh" mj;ajd.ekSuZ hk wre; we;s jokska fõ ^T,sj,a" 2011" ms'139&' thska úYaùh iy iÞpdrd;aul mámdáh i|yd zWmldrùugZ fyda th zmj;ajdf.k hdugZ mqoa.,hd ksrEmKh l<hq;= N+ñldj wjOdrKh lrhs' wm Ôj;a jk fï úYajfha jk fN!;sl" iÞpdruh fyda wdOHd;añl jHqyhka" tkï wmf.a uQ,sl Wmldrl jHqyhka bka yeÕfõ' fõo .%k: a j, w¾: hkqfjka y÷kajkq ,nk O¾uh úYaùh kS;s ;=< mj;skk a ls¦ th" mj;akd ish,a,lu ksiÕfhka msyg s d we;s hqla;shhs' O¾uh ksisf,i wkq.ukh l<fyd;a th i¾jidOdrK iqnidOkhg ud¾.hla î¾jN+,dys;& jkq we;' th mqoa.,hd fukau lKavdhï úiska wkq.ukh l<hq;= p¾hdO¾u ix.%yh jk w;r" tAjd iudc yeisÍï we;=<;ajk YslaId mo hkqfjka o ye|skú a h yelsh' iïuqL idlÉPdjg iyNd.S jQ W;=f¾ mqoa.,hska fndfydafofkl= m, l< woyi fuh úh' fõÞka;" tkï zksudjZ fkdfyd;a zfõofha Wmßuia:dkhZ kñka y÷kajk WmksIo hkq yskaÿ oyfï uQ,sl Þ¾Yksl ixl,am iy tys úúO iïm%Þhka i|yd moku imhk mdG tl;=jls' ^Doniger, 1990, pp. 2-3 n,kak& 8N.j;a.S;d hkq mdG 700lska iukaú; ixialD; .%ka:hls' th uydNdr;fha tla fldgils ûydNdr;fha 6 jk mqi; a lh" tkï mßÉfþo 25 isg 42 olajd&' fuu mßÉfþofha oelafjkafka l%sIaKd iu.ska hqO ie,iqu idlÉPd lrk w¾cqk ms<sn|j fõ' fuu idlÉPd fm< wd;au-idlaId;alrKh i|yd jeo.;a ud¾f.damfoaY ,ndfohs' 6 7

i;H hkafkys w¾:h jYfhka idudkHfhka .kq ,nkafka zienEjZ hkakhs' zienEjZ ke;fyd;a zi;HZ hkak úúO iajrEm .;a; o ^fuh bosß fldgiaj, iúia;rd;aulj idlÉPd flf¾& uQ,sl jYfhka th ioaNdjh iy wkqN; + sjdoh iïnkaO ixl,amhla fõ' i;H hk moh zi;aZ" tkï meje;au fkdfyd;a lsisÞ fkdueÍ iÞl,a mej;Su hk w¾:h iys; jokska ì|S wd mohla fõ' ;jo" ienEj" wjxlùu" iqmsßisÿNdjh iy iM,Ndjh hk wre;a o thg we;' ß.afõofhys i;H ^wp,Ndjh" wúp,H;dj" úIu fkdùu& hk moh iu.ska tla fldg kdumohla jYfhka O¾uh ms<sn|j i|yka lr wjia:d yhla ;sfí' O¾uh ms<sn| jeä jYfhka ie,ls,a, fhduqlr we;af;a nDyÞrKHl WmksIofha fõ' zO¾uh hkq i;Hh o fõZ ^fhda ffj id O¾uya i;Hï ffj ;:A& ^1'4'14&' fuysoS O¾uh hk moh fhdÞf.k we;af;a zi;HhgZ iudk mohla jYfhka fõ' zO¾uh NdIKh lrkakd i;H NdIKh lrhs" i;H NdIKh lrkakd O¾uh NdIKh lrhsZ ^1'4'14&' i;H hkq W;=ï u O¾uhhs' f,dalh mj;skf a ka th u; fõ' O¾uh hkq Ôj n,hhs' i;H iy O¾uh hk joka udre lr Ndú;d l< yels" tfy;a mqkrela;shla ^tlu foa w¾:Y=kH f,i h<s yeÕfjkakla& fkdfõ' fï jkúg" O¾uh iy i;H w;r we;s iïnkaO;djh Tng jvd;a fyd|ska wjfndaO ù ;sfnkq we;' w¾;jfõofha iDIsjrhd i|yka lrk mßos zuD;Hd¾ woï n%yu a pdßZ tkï zuu ñfhk f;la n%yu a pdß fjïZ ^6'133'3& hkqfjka ´kEu wfhl=g mejish yelsh' n%yu a pdrh hkq n%yu a ;ajh" tkï i;H fiùfï ksr;jkúg wkq.ukh lrk Ôjk rgdjhs' ksrka;rfhkau W;=ïNdjh foig" tkï" ish,a,kagu jvd W;=ï foúhka lrd .ukalsÍfuys ksr;j isàu bka .uH fõ' Pdkafoda.H WmksIofhys i|yka jk wkaoug fï ish,a, n%dyauK fõ ^zi¾jï Ld¿ boï n%yaudZ 3'14'1&' N.j;a.; S dfõ W.kajk wkaoug hï wdldrhl foaj w;aoelSula ,o mqoa.,hska ish,a, foi n,kafka ;uka foi n,k wdldrhguh ^wd;au wkqmuH 6'32&'9 zl%shdfjka i;H jkakd i;Hfha Ôj;a fjhsZ" tkï" tu mqoa.,hd zn%dyauKhl= jYfhkaZ fkdfyd;a i;Hfha yeisfrhs' W;=ï jQ i;H" tkï W;a;u fkdfyd;a foúhka ms<sn|j hful= i;= jegySu j¾Okh jkúg ish¿ i;ajhska w;r we;s wka;¾-in|;djh ms<sn|j tu mqoa.,hd i;= wjfndaOh j¾Okh fõ' ;uka úiska ;ukag fm%au lrk fia Tjqkg o fm%au lrkakg .kshs' ish,a,kaf.au iqnidOkh Wfoid lghq;= lrhs ^f,dal ix.%y 3'20"25&'10 túg" O¾ufha jHjydr w¾:fhka úYajfha meje;au ieneúkau isÿfõ' wd.u hkq i;H mj;ajdf.k hkakla ^O¾u& jk w;r" ixl%dka;sl hqla;sh hkq i;H mj;ajdf.k hdfï wruqK idlaId;a lr.; yels ud¾.hla ^O¾u& fõ' ixl%dka;sl hqla;s l%shdj,sh ;=< tk zi;H mejiSuZ" úYajfha iÞpdr mámdáh wdrlaId lrk O¾uh mj;ajdf.k hdu keue;s l%shdj,sfha m<uq mshjr jYfhka ie,lsh hq;=fõ'

wd;auWmuHk i¾j;% iuï mIHd;s fhdaz¾cqk iqLï jd hos ÿlaLï i fhda.s mrfuda u;ya

l¾ukHhsjd ys ikaisoaêï wdiaÓ;d ckldohdya f,dal ix.%yï tjdms iïmYHka l¾;=ï w¾yis hoa hoa wdpdr;s fY%aIa:ia ;oa tfj;frda ckya id h;a m%udKï l=ref; f,dalia ;oa wkqj¾;f; (BG 3:20-21).

2'3 zi;Hfha n,fõ.hlaZ jYfhka î;H.%y& wd.fï N+ñldj wi;H fkdj" i;H muKlau úch.%dyS fjhs foúhka lrd hk ud¾.h jeà we;af;a i;H ;=<sks wfmalaId bgqlr.kakd iDIsjre fuu u. f.k i;Hfha tu W;a;u ksjykg <Õdfj;a i;Hï tAj chf;a k wk¾;akï i;afhak mka:d ú;f;da fojhdkya fhak wdl%uka;s rifhda ys wdma;ldudya hd;%d ;;a i;HiH mruï ksOdkï ûqKavl WmksIoh 3'3'6& ixl%dka;sh hqla;sfhaoS i;H fidhd.ekSu i|yd jeo.;ajk jeo.;a wx. lsym s hla fuu uka;%fha we;=<;a fõ' uQ,slju tys i;Hfha W;a;uNdjh$ fY%aIaG;ajh ms<sn|j i|yka fõ' i;H hkafkka idudkHfhka zienEjZ woyia fõ' i;H hkakg úúO w¾: we;' uQ,sl jYfhka ks¾jpkh l<fyd;a ixl,amj, iaÓr;djh ke;fyd;a .e,mSu hkak tys tla w¾:hls' fojekqj" h:d¾:h we;s ieáfhka wjfndaO lr.ekSu iïnkaOfhka i,ld neÆ l, th uki iy ndysr h:d¾:h w;r isÿjk wiïmQ¾K ikakf s õokhla u; mokïj i|yka lrk fohla ;yjqre lsÍuls' f;jekqj" hï mqoa.,hl= i;H jYfhka úYajdi lrk fyda i;H jk njla okakd foh f,i m%ldY lrk hula fõo th i;Hh fõ' isjqjekqj we;af;a i;aNdj i;Hhhs' tkï hula ms<sn|j mj;akd woyila iy tys ieneúkau mj;akd ;;ajh w;r isÿjk wkqrEm;djhls' fuh" meje;afï i;H îoa& fõ' miajekqj wd.ñl fkdfyd;a wkqN+;sl i;H fõ' tysoS Ôú;h úYajdih je<|.kshs" mqoa.,hd i;Hfha ud¾.h wkq.ukh lrhs" tA wkqj l%shd lrhs' tA wkqj" ienE wd.u hkq b;d by< uÜgfï iÞpdrhlska hq;a Ôú;hla .; lsÍuhs" tkï" i;H iy hqla;sh jeksjQ ukqIH jákdlïj,g wfkl=;a ish¿u lreKqj,g jvd m%uqL;ajh ,ndoSuhs' m<uq wre; wkqj .;a l< i;H hkq iaÓr Ñka;k iuqÞhla jk w;r ;d¾lsl Ñka;khla iys; mqoa.,hl= tA;a;= .ekaùug Bg yelsh' tfy;a" ienE njla wmg oefkk oE i;H f,i ms<s.ekSug wm ;=< keUqrejla we;" fuh" i;Hfha fojk ks¾jpkhhs' wm hï mqoa.,hl= m%udKj;a uÜgulg y÷kd.;a miq tu mqoa.,hd mjik oE i;Hhehs is;kakg fm<fUkafkuq' ;uka i;H jYfhka úYajdi lrk fohla tu mqoa.,hd wmg mjik njla wms úYajdi lrkafkuq' fuh i;Hfha f;jk ks¾jpkhhs' hï wdh;khla mj;skk a g fya;=mdol jk wruqK t ;=<ska ieneúkau imqrd,k l,ays iy th ;ukag o wÞ< jk nj wkq.dñlhskg a fmfkk l,ays tA jgd fndfyda wkq.dñlfhda /iafj;s' fuh i;Hfha isjqjk iajrEmhhs' hï mqoa.,hl= iajlSh osúu. iajlSh úYajdihka ms<sìUqjk fia .; lrk wdldrh ÿgq úg wms bka ii, jkafkuq' fuh" i;Hfha miajk iajrEmhhs' fm%aufha m%;suQ¾;sh jYfhka ud úYajdi lrk zfoúhkaZ ieneúkau isák njla Tng id¾:lj tA;a;= .ekaùug ug fkdyelsjkakg bv ;sfí' tfy;a" ohdnr" lreKdnr iy wkHhka flfrys ie,ls,a, olajk mqoa.,hl= jYfhka Tng os.k s o a s.gu ud weiqre lrkakg ,enqKfyd;a foúhka isák nj úYajdi lsÍug Bg jvd jeä ;¾lhla Tng jqjukd fkdlrkq we;' uf.a Ôú;h" ug bosßm;a l<yels m%n,;u ;¾lh jkq we;' hï m%ldYhla fyda idlaIshla fyda i;H jkafka th y`v.d mejiSu fya;=fjka fkdj th i;H jk njla Tn úiska m%ldY lsÍu fya;=fjks' i;H fldñIka iNd yryd ;ukaf.a l;dj mjik mqoa.,hskg a ie,ls,af,ka hq;=j ijka osh hq;af;a ksfhdað;hska jYfhka Tjqkf a .a jákdlu fya;=fjka fkdj tu mqoa.,hd tfia ikakf s õokh lrkafka i;Hh jYfhka Tyq$weh úYajdi lrk foh jk fyhsks' zi;H muKla úch.%dyS fjhsZ¦ mYapd;a .egqï mßirhl we;s lrk i;H fiùfï hka;%K yryd úYajfha m¾hdh Ô¾uh& wdrlaId lrkq ,nhs' by; i|yka l< uka;%fha fojekqj wjOdkh fhduqfldg we;af;a wd.fï ld¾hNdrh foig fõ' tA wkqj wd.u hkq foúhka fj; hdug jk ud¾.hls ^mka:d&' zudkjjdoS cd;sl;ajhlaaZ" tkï b;d .eUqre udkjjdohla we;s lsÍug wd.ñl kdhlhska úiska lghq;= l<hq;= jk w;r" ixl%dka;sl hqla;sh tjka u;hla ks¾udKh lsÍfï tla fldgila fõ' flfiakuq;a" fuh isÿl< yels jkafka i;Hh yryd foúhka lrd jeà we;s ud¾.hla f,i ;u wkkH;djh h<s-wkdjrKh lr.kakg 22

wd.ug yelsjqjfyd;a muKs' wd.u idufha fuj,ula ùug kï" wd.u flfrys wm;=< we;s mdlaIslNdjh jvd;a iqmsßisÿ lr.kakg wmg isÿjkq we;' tkï" iudch ;=< wmf.a wkkH;djh fyda wdrlaIdj i,id.ekSfï fuj,ula f,i wd.u fhdÞ fkd.; hq;=h' fndfyda wjia:djk wd.ul mßydKshg fya;=jkafka tu wd.ñl kdhlhska iy uqkj s reka u h' wjidkfhaoS" foúhkaf.a fY%aIaG;ajh ms<s.ekSu zmka:dfjysZ ksudj fõ' ;uka i;=j i¾jiïmQ¾K i;H mj;sk njla hï m%cdjla úiska úYajdi lrkakg .;a l< th m%pKav;ajhg u. mdok nj w;S;fha WÞyrK ;=<ska fmkakï q flf¾' W;a;Í;r i;Hh jkafka foúhka muKs- wm foúhka lrd .ufka fhoS isák jkaokd lrefjda muKla fjuq' fuh wjfndaO lr.;a úg wmf.a úYajdihka foi jvd;a iqmßlaIdldÍj ne,Sug wm fm<fUkq we;' wmf.a úYajdihka ;=<ska iqnfi; osß.kajkafka o@ tAjd ;=<ska iduh iy iyÔjkg j.d lrkafkao@ i;H lrd hk u.g ksy;udkSNdjh" wm w;ska jro isÿjk nj wjfndaO lr.ekSu" tjka jro iïnkaOfhka iudj b,a,Sug we;s yelshdj" iudc idOdrK;ajh iy mdßißl iqjm;aNdjh ;ld ukqIH m%cdfõ iEu wfhlau iu.ska tlaj lghq;= lsÍu hkdosh we;=<;a fõ' tA wkqj" .egqï we;sjkafka l=uk fya;=jla ksidfjkao hkak iy wkd.;fhaoS tjka .egqï we;sùu je,elaúh yelafla flfiao hkak ms<sn|j lrk úu¾Yk i|yd myiqlï ie,iSug i;Hfha n,fõ.hla jYfhka wd.ug o" i;Hh n,d;aul lrkakka yd fidhdhkakka jYfhka wd.ñl kdhlhskg a o yels h' 2'4 i;Hh fufkys lsÍula f,i wd.fï N+ñldj zyDofhak ys i;Hï cdkd;s yDofha ys tAj i;HïZ( yoj; i;Hh okafka muKla fkdj i;Hh yojf;a jdih lrhs ^2'3'23& hkqfjka nDyÞrKHl WmksIofha i|yka fõ' i;Hfha .eUqre;u m%ldYkh jkafka mqoa.,hl=f.a wjHdc meje;au" iy" wjHdc;ajfha ixfla;h jk foúhka jk nj isf;a ;nd.;a l< fuh wjfndaO lr.ekSu myiq jkq we;' yskÿ a iïm%Þfha úYajdihka w;ßka nyq;rh o we;=¿j fndfyda wd.ïj, foúhka hkq fm%auh jk nj fyda foúhka fm%au lrk nj úYajdi lrkq ,efí' tjka foúhl= bosßfha wmf.a wjfndaOh fm%auh njg m;a fõ' b;d m%n, Y%oaOdjla ^mrd Nla;s& iys; mqoa.,hd foúhkaj we;s ieáfhka olsk nj N.j;a.; S dfjys tk l%sIaK foú÷kaf.a .S;fhka w¾cqkg mjikq ,efí ^N.j;a.; S dj 18(54-55&'11 wmg ieneúkau foúhka y÷kd.; yelafla fm%aufhka hq;=j foúhka foi" fyda hï mqoa.,hl= foi neÆ úg muKs' l=relafIa;% hqoaOfhaoS igka fkdjeoSug" tkï" ;udf.a fldgi bgq fkdlsÍug w¾cqk úiska ;SrKh l< wkaou meyeos,s lrk N.j;a.; S dj lshjkakdg ienE iy ienE fkdjk oE fjkalr y÷kd.ekSu ^úfõl&12 ms<sn| úia;rhla ,efí' tys" laI;%sh O¾uh ^Tyq igka l<hq;af;a wehs hk ldrKdj& N.j;a.; S dfõ tk fjkafldg y÷kd.ekSfï ixl,amh iu.ska .efÜ' N.j;a.; S dfõ tk fjkafldg y÷kd.ekSfï wdOHd;añl ,laIKh fjkafldg y÷kd.ekSfï wdpdrO¾uhlg iïnkaO lr olajk wdldrh fuysoS wjOdkhg .; hq;=h'tu wdpdrO¾uhg wkqj wkHhka ish,a,kau tl yd iudk ;;ajfhys ,d i,lk w;r" Tjqka ;ukag jvd fjkia fkdjk yd tlu osjHuh iajNdjhlska we;sjkakka jYfhka i,lkq ,efí' fjkafldg y÷kd.ekSu ^úfõl& hkak wdOHd;añl fukau iÞpdr;aul iajrEmhla .kakd w;r .S;dfõ yhjk mßÉfþofha mdG lsym s hlsku a tA nj Tmamqfõ ^N.j;a.; S dj 6(7"9"12"19&13 mqoa.,hdf.a udkisl fukau iÞpdrd;aul Ôú;h ms<sl=, fukau ne|Sïj,ska f;dr úh hq;=h" tkï" hï wh fj; mlaImd;Sùu ^ñ;=rka& iy we;euqka fj; wmlaImd;Sùu ^i;=rka& isÿ fkdl<hq;=h' tfia" wmf.a is; ;=< jk wNHka;ßl Ôú;h ndysr f,dalfha wm lrk l%shdjka iu.ska tAld.% jQ úg th mqoa.,hska fofokd w;r isÿjk i;aNdjjdoS tl;=jla jk w;r Tjqka yd l%sIaK foúhka 11n%yu a

N+;ya m%ikakd;aud k fYdap;s k ldkalaI;s iuya i¾fõY= N+f;aY= uoa-Nla;sï ,Ndf;a mrdï Nla;Hd udï wNscdkd;s hdjdka hYa pdiañ ;;a;aj;ya ;f;da udï ;;ajf;da ×;ajd úYdf;a ;oa-wkka;rï flfkl=g ud i;H jYfhkau ljfrla±hs ±k.; yelafla ne;sfhka ud fj; fm%au lsÍfuka muKs' bkamiq" ud i;H jYfhka ±k.;a miq" udf.a ne;su;=ka ud ms<sn|j ú{dkh ,nd .kS' 12 fndfyda wjia:dj,oS zúfõlZ y÷kajkq ,nkafka fjkiafldg y÷kd.ekSu hkqfjks" tkï" il%sh ú×kh fkdfyd;a ksjeros wjfndaOh hkqfjks' th" ienEj iy ienE fkdjk foh fjkalr y÷kd.ekSug we;s yelshdjhs' 13 zisi, s fia yd WKqif q ïoS" ika;=IaÀfhaoS yd ÿflysoS fkdie,S isàu ukdj m%.=K l< ;eke;a;d W;=ï jkafka h' i.hska" ñ;% mdlaIslhska" i;=rka"uOHia:hska" wmlaImd;Ska" tosßjdoslrejka" ñ;=rka iy hym;a yd ÿIag ñksik q a flfrys olajk fkdne|s iajNdjh fya;=fjka fyf;u wkHhkaf.ka fjkalr y÷kd.kq ,efí' uki tlÕ lrjd.ksñka is;sú,s iy bkaøsh ixfõok md,kh lsÍug Tyq jEhï oeßh hq;=h¦ wiqka f.k uki msßisÿ lsÍfï wNHdihkays fhosh hq;=h' ziq<Õska wdjrKh jQ mykla fia Tyq fkdief,kafkahZ hkak yslauqKq ukqIHhd ye|skaùug fhdÞf.k we;s lshuk fõ' (The Bhagavad Gita: Krishna’s Counsel in a Time of War, 1986).

w;r we;sjk tl;=jla o fõ' z;ukaZ oel.ekSu hkq wkHhka ;=< o ;ukaj oelSu iy l%sIaK foú÷ka oel .ekSuls' fjkafldg y÷kd.ekSfï iÞpdr O¾uh iyNd.S;ajfha foajO¾uh u; mokï ù ;sfí' YS,fhka ikakoaO jkakd iEu fohla foiu iudk weilska n,k w;r zienE fhda.h s d iajlSh ú×kh foúhka iu.ska uqyq lrñka tlu weilska f,dj foi n,hs' ish¿ m%dKSka ;=< foúhka olshs" foúhka ;=< ish¿ m%dKSka olshsZ ^N.j;a.; S dj" 6(29-31&'14 zfuysZ isákakd ZtysZ isákakdg jvd fjkia fkdfõ' ish¿ m%dKSka foúhka ;=< mj;akd w;r f,dalfha we;s iEu fohla ;=<u jecfUk foúhkaj oel.ekSug;a tA ish,a, foaj;ajh iu.ska iyNd.sjk wkaou oel.ekSug;a wmg yelsúh hq;=h' tfia ish¿ i;ajfhda iïmQ¾K jYfhka foaj;ajhg iyNd.sùu fya;=fjka iEu fohlau Y=oaO;ajh ,nhs' fuh" zw;ayeÍuZ hkqfjka .S;dfjys i|yka jk ixl,amfha tla wx.hla jk nj meyeos,sh' w;ayeßh hq;= oE jkafka bkaøsh úIhl ndysr f,dalfha ne|Sï muKla fkdfõ" Bg udf.a is; ;=< uúiska we;slr.;a mqoa., j¾.SlrK o we;=<;a fõ' uúiska isf;a ks¾udKh lr.kakd hï hï oE m%dKSka iïnkaOfhka jk i;H oelSug ug we;s yelshdj iSud lrhs' w;ayeÍu ;=<ska meyeos,s iudc iy iÞpdrd;aul m%;sM, idlaId;a lr.; yelsh( zlsisjlg wdYd fyda ffjr fkdlrk l¾u fhda.k S a iEuúglu w;ayeß mqoa.,hska f,i ie,lsh hq;=h' oaúm%ldr;ajfhka ñÿkq Tjqyq f,daflda;a;r Yla;sfhka b;d myiqfjka ñfokafkda fj;sZ ^N.j;a.S;dj 5(3"18&15 tfiakï" l%sIaK foú÷kag iómùu hkq ish¿ i;ajhska iudk weilska oelSu iy ziEu ;ekloSu ysikudZ l%sIaK foú÷kaf.a i¾jjHdmS iajNdjhg f.!rj lsÍuhs' l%sIaK foú÷kaf.a rEmldh fmkShdu isÿjkafka kï i;ajhd ms<sn| i;H fy<sorjq lsÍug iÞpdrd;aul j.ùula ks¾udKh fõ' fufia foúhka fj; olajk ioaNdjfha iyNd.S;ajh" wfkl=;a mqoa.,hskf a .ka fjkaj isg Tjqka fj; wkqlïmdj oelaùfuka Tíng f.dia foúhka yd iu uÜgug f.dia wfkla mqoa.,hd ;uka ;=< w;aú|Sug;a wfkla mqoa.,hd ;=< ;uka w;aú|Sug;a wjYH h' fuh" ixl%dka;sl hqla;s miqìula ;=< wÞ< jk nj meyeos,s h' 2'5 iajd¾:h wfmalaId fkdlrk fiajhla ^ksYaldu l¾u& lsÍfï ud¾.h jYfhka wd.fï N+ñldj f,dalh ;=< ;uka f.khk il%sh osúfmfj; w; fkdyer wd;au idlaId;alrKh iy foúhka fj; iómùu isÿl< yels l%shdjka f,i iajd¾:h wfmalaId fkdlrk l%shdjka ke;fyd;a fiajdjka hkqfjka y÷kajk l¾u fhda. ye|skú a h yelsh' l¾u fhda. mqreÿ mqyK q q lrkakdg zjev lsÍuZ hkq jkaokdjls' fuys l¾u hk moh ì|S tkafka zl%sZ" tkï" zl%shd;aulùuZ" zisÿ lsÍuZ" zwe;s lsÍuZ hk w¾:h we;s mofhka fõ' l¾u fhda.hg idudkHfhka lrk l%shd ^l¾u&" hq;=lï f,i isÿlrk l%shd Ô¾u&" pdß;%dkql+, l%shd îxialdr& iy iudc fiajd l%shd ^hcdk& hk tAjd we;=<;a fõ' N.j;a.; S dj ;=< iEuúgu wl%shNdjh m%;slafIam lr ;sfí' tys i|yka jk wkaoug l%shd;aulùu udkj iajNdjfha fjka l< fkdyels ,laIKhla fõ( ztla fudfyd;l fyda lsisÿ l%shdjl kshe,Sfuka je,lsh yels lsisfjla fkdfõ' ieneúkau" ish¿ i;ajhskf a .a fN!;sl iajNdjfhka W;amdokh jk pß; ,laIK wkqj ish¿ i;ajfhda l%shdldÍ ùug fhduqlrjk ,oafoda fj;aZ ^N.j;a.; S dj 3( 5&'16 ienE meúoaÞ jkafka l%shdldÍùu w;yeß mqoa.,hd fkdj l%shdjka ;=< .eíj we;s wd;aud¾:Aldó wNs,dI w;yer oeuQ mqoa.,hd jk nj tys i|yka fõ( zw;s W;=ï osjHuh wd;auNdjh fufia mejiQy( m%×jka;hd ikHdi hkqfjka woyia lrkafka wdYdfjka fm<Ujqkq l%shdjka w;yer oeóuhs' W.;=ka ;Hd.a hkqfjka woyia lrkafka ish¿ l%shdjkaf.ka ,efnk M, w;yer oeóuhsZ ^N.j;a.; S dj 18(2&17' tA wkqj osúfha ienE m%.;shla w;alr.ekSug kï hfula l%shd;aul úhhq;= nj;a ^l¾u&" Od¾ñIag wkaoñka l%shd;auc úh hq;= nj;a Ô¾u& N.j;a.; S dfõ fhdackd flf¾' fuh zO¾uh l%shdjg kexùuhsZ( zl%shdjka ;=<ska w;yer oeóu ñi l%shdjka w;yer oeóu fkdfõZ' N.j;a.; S dfõ i|yka jk l¾u fhda.fha wdOHd;añl iajNdjh fohdldr fõ(

wd;audkï i¾j-N+;dks pd;auks BlaIf; fhda.-hqla;d;aud i¾j;% iu-o¾Ykya

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m<uqj oelafjkafka ksIalïu l¾u fõ( tkï" wNHka;r jYfhka ;DIaKdfjka ^ldu& ñoS isÿ lrk l%shd fõ' tfia wNHka;ßl ksoyiaNdjhla we;sj lrk l%shd l¾u-M,-;Hd. hkqfjka ye|skf a õ( zTng kshu jQ hq;=lï bgq lsÍug Tng whs;sjdislula ;sfí' kuq;a Tn .kq ,nk ;SrKj, M, N=la;sú|Sug Tng ysñlula fkdue;' Tfí l%shdldrlïj,g fya;=j fyda tys m%;sM,h Tnu jk njla lsisÞ fkdis;kak" tfiau" wl%shNdjfha we,S .e,S fkdisákakZ ^N.j;a.; S dj 2(47&'18 l¾u-M,;Hd. hkq hï l%shdjl m%;sM, wfmalaId fkdlrkakd jQ uOHia: ufkda Ndjhhs' tA wkqj N.j;a.; S dfõ tk mrudo¾YS fhda.k S "a foúhka ;=< jiñkau foúhkaf.a wNs,dI idlaId;a lroSug fuf,dj isg jev lrk wfhls' tu mqoa.,hd is;ska yqfol,dj jdih l<;a Tyq$weh f.a oE; iudch ;=< il%shj jefvys ksr; fõ' Tyq$weh iEu fohlau w;yer f,dalfhka ÿriajQ ikHdishl= fkdfõ" iajd¾:h wfmalaId fkdlrk .DyjdiSfhls" tkï ksIaldu l¾ufhda.f s hls' mqoa.,hl=f.a m%Odk hq;=lï w;ßka fojekqj we;af;a f,dalix.%yh ^f,dal-iuQy;ajh ke;fyd;a f,dalúIhsl m%;s,dN& fõ' tkï" f,dalfha iqnidOkh Wfoid jev lsÍuhs' lemlsÍfï fÉ;kdfjka isÿflfrk l%shd ^hd×& ;=<ska mqoa.,hd mßj¾;khlg ,lajk nj tys b.ekafõ' iEu wkaoulsku a foúhkag fiajd lsÍug ;ukaf.a Okh iy ish¿u l%shdjka lemlrk ukqIHhdf.a Ôú;hu hd×jla fjhs' ldufha hoñka ñoS hd×fõ w;aoelSu ;=< .e¿Kq fhda.k S a wjHdc wd;aumß;Hd.S wdl,amj,ska hq;=j iajNdjO¾uh iy iudch fj; fiajh lrhs( zTjqka fN!;sl ne|Sï j,ska ksoyia jk w;r osjHuh oekqu ;=< Tjqkf a .a m%×j jefâ' ;uka lrk iEu l%shdjlau ^foúhkag lrk& mQcdjla f,iska isÿlrk fyhska Tjqyq ish¿ wdldrfha l¾u.; úmdlM,hkaf.ka ñfo;aZ ^N.j;a.; S dj 4(23&'19 l¾u-fhda. hkafkka zish¿u h:d¾:hkaf.a iqnfi; ms<sn|j jk oeä ie,ls,a,Z hkak o woyia jk w;r" Bg wh;ajkafka ukqIHhska muKla u fkdfõ ^N.j;a.; S dj 5(25" 12(4&' ish¿fokdf.a mQ¾K iqNidOkh idlaId;a lr.; yelafla ukqIHhska iy Ôjh Þhdo lrk iajNdjO¾ug w;r wfkdakH jYfhka fmdaIKh jkakd jQ in|;djhla we;slsÍfuka muKla jk nj fhda.k S a úiska wjfndaO lr.kq ,efí( zTfí lemlsÍï ;=<ska iaj¾.fha jik foúhka i;=gqjkq we;" ukqIHhska iy foúhka w;r iyfhda.; S djfhka ish¿fokdg i›l;ajh <Õdlr.; yelsjkq we;Z ^N.j;a.; S dj 3(11&'20 mqoa., wd;auh fmdÿfõ iudc iy mßirh iu.ska tAldnoaO lsÍulska f;drj wd;au idlaId;alrKhla isÿl< fkdyel' i¾jfN!ñl tluq;=Ndjfha ^f,dal ix.%y& yeÕSulska hqla;j O¾uh mqreÿ mqyK q q lrk mqoa.,hd ish¿fokdf.a hym; ^f,dalfIau& ;ld jev lrhs' ixl%dka;sl hqla;sh o tjka wdOHd;añl ud¾.hla ke;fyd;a ld¾hNdrhla ^l¾u-fhda.& jYfhka wjfndaO lr.; yelsh' l¾u fhda. yryd wNHka;ßl idufhka hq;=j" tkï ksIaldu l¾uj, ^wfmalaIdjkaf.ka f;drjQ l%shd& kshe,Sug iy i¾jfN!ñl iqNidOkh fkdfyd;a f,dalúIhsl m%;s,dN ^f,dal ix.%y& ,ndoSu i|yd l%shd;aulùug ixl%dka;sl hqla;s l%shdÞuhg iïnkaO jkakkag bv i,ihs' Od¾ñlj ^O¾u& lrk l%shdjka ^l¾u& tA i|yd jqjukd lrk w;r wkHhl= fjkqfjka ;ud i;= ish,a, lemlsÍfï iQÞkula ;sìh hq;=h' tysoS zl%shdfjka w;yeÍu ñi l%shdj w;yeÍuZ wkjYH njg thska lreKq lshdmdkq ,efí' 2'6 wúysxidj lrd hk ud¾.hla jYfhka wd.fï N+ñldj ish¿u m%dKSkf a .a tAlSh;djh iïnkaOfhka jk uQ,O¾ufha iÞpdrd;aul me;slv jkafka wúysxidfõ YslaId mohhs' kS;sh" wdpdr O¾u iy Nla;sh iïnkaOfhka jk iEu yskÿ a wd.ñl .%k: a hlu wúysxidj w;s W;a;u jk nj i|yka lr ;sfí' W;a;Í;r h:d¾;h ish¿ wdldrfha Ôùka ;=<ska m%ldY jk fyhska Ôj;a jk ish¿u i;ajhka flfrys wúysxidjd§ ùu fuys§ wkq.ukh l< hq;= ksjerÈ wdl,amh fõ' wúysxidjd§ ixl,amhg ukqIHhd iy iajNdj O¾uh w;r wúysxidjo we;=<;a fõ' yskÿ a oyfï tk wysxid kue;s moh mßj¾;kh lsÍu ÿIalrh' idudkHfhka th wúysxidjdoh" ;=jd, fkdlsÍu" fkdueÍu hk woyia f.k fok nj i,lkq ,nhs' tfy;a wysxid kue;s ixialD; moh Bg jvd .eUqre w¾:hla we;a;ls' wysxid hk mofha uq,sku a fhfok zzwZZ hkq meyeÈ,sju m%sj;sjï fkdfyd;a m%;sfCIam 18l¾ukahs-tAjdêldria

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lsÍu fõ' ysxid hkak ì£ tkafka zzyxZZ" tkï myor§u" urd±óu" ydks lsÍu hk mofhks' tfy;a" fuys§ ysxid hk mofhka .uH jkafka ndysr m%pKavldÍ l%shd ^ta i|yd fhdod.kakd jpkh zzy;sZ Z kï fõ& muKlau fkdjk w;r myr§ug we;s leue;a; neyer lsÍuo bka .uH fõ' n%dyauK iy Y%uK iïm%odhka ;=< wysxidfõ YsCIdjg ohdj" lreKdj" laIudj we;=<;a fõ' uy;aud .dkaê ;=udf.a o¾Ykh wkqj wúysxidjdoh hkq ukqIH Ôú;fha uQ,sl kS;shls" ukqIH Ôú;fha idCId;a l< hq;= b,lalhls" th fm%auh" i;H" foúhka iuÕska iudk fõ' uy;aud .dkaê ;=ud i|yka lrk wkaoug zzwysxidj mqreÿ mqyK q q lsÍu i¾jfN!ñl jQ l,ays foúhka foõf,dj md,kh lrkakd fiau fuf,dj md,kh lrkq we;ZZ û¾gka" 1965" ms' 7&' uy;aud .dkaê ;=udg wkqj m%pKav;ajhg wdfoaYkhla jkafka iyfhda.h fkd§ isàuhs' t;=ud i|yka lrk wkaoug zziyfhda.h fkd§ isàu hkq fkd±kqj;aj yd fkdleue;af;ka l=reß l%shdjkag iyNd.Sùug tfrysj úfrdaO;djh ±laùulsZZ û¾gka" 1965" ms' 19&' uy;aud .dkaê ;=udg wkqj wúysxidjdoh ;=<ska yskaÿ wd.fï uQ,sl i;H i|yd idCIs orhs( zzish¿u m%dKSka talsh jk nj ûkqIHhska muKla fkdj ish¿u Ôúka& talSh jk nj úYajdi lsÍu" tkï ish¿u m%dKSka tla úYaùh uQ,dY%hlsk"a WmÈk nj úYajdi lsÍuhs' th w,a,dya foúhka" foúhka jykafia fyda mrfïYajr hkqfjka y÷kajkjd úh yelshZZ' idufha ixialD;sh iïnkaO lr.ksñkao wmg wysxidfõ iïm%odh ms<sn| i,ld ne,sh yelsh' wúysxidj hkq m%pKav;ajh yoj;ska uq,skm q qgd ±óuhs' ta wkqj .;al< wúysxidj ;=<ska idufha ixialD;shla fm%aufha YsIagdpdrhla fhdackd flf¾' uy;aud .dkaê ;=ud zzi;H.%yZZ fkdfyd;a i;Hfha .e,S isàu hkqfjka y÷kajñka wysxidj ks¾jpkh lrk ,oafoa i;Hh i|yd jk fm%auh iy Nla;sh jYfhka fõ' fn§ï j,ska .yK wmf.a f,dalh ;=< i;Hfha .e,S isàu i|yd iduh iy fm%auh flfrys Nla;su;aj isáfï wr.,hl ksr; jkakg isÿfõ' idufha ixialD;sh iy fm%aufha YsIagdpdrh Wodlr,Su i|yd wm fuu jákdlï uQ¾;su;a flfrk Ôjk rgdjlg lemúh hq;=h' 2'7 wd.u iy ukqIHhdf.a mQckSh;ajh foúhka iy ukqIHhd uQ,sl jYfhkau .;al< wd;au iy isyskj q K ^ffp;kHud;%& jYfhka ks¾jpkh l< yelsh' fï fomd¾Yjh" tkï" mrud;auka iy Ôjd;auka w;r b;d ióm in|;djhla ;sfí' ixldr kue;s od¾Ykslhd úiska ukqIH wd;auh iy ÈjHd;auh w;r we;s ióm in|;djh ;dod;auH hkqfjka úia;r lr ;sfí' Bg wkqj foúhka hkq i;H rEmldh jk w;r th iEu mqoa.,fhl=f.au wNHka;rfha we;' uqKavl WmksIofha ÎII.1.1-3& ukqIH wd;uh iy ÈjHd;auh fmkakï q lr we;af;a tlu .il tlu w;a;l jid isák iqñ;=re l=re,a,ka fofofkl= jYfhks' ;jo" ukqIH wd;aufha l%shdldrlï j, wNHka;ßl idCIslre îdCIs& jYfhkao ÈjHuh wd;auh úia;r lr ;sfí ^Yafõ;dYaj;dr WmksIoh VI.II&' tfia fyhsk"a ukqIHhdg fiajd lsÍu hkq ieneúkau foúhkag fiajd lsÍuls' fuu ixl,am h krkrdhk fkdfyd;a oßø-krdhk hk ixl,amh ;=<ska m%ldY ù ;sfí' ukqIHhd" úfYaIfhkau" ÿ.S ñksid foúhkaf.a oDIHuh rEmldhla f,i i,lkq ,efí' idïm%odhsl bkaÈhdkq Y%uK jD;a;sh ;=<g udkQISh l%shdldrlï yryd fiajd lsÍfï mrudo¾Yh we;=<;a lsÍug iajdñ úfõldkkao ;=ud fm<Uqfka fï ms<sn| ,enQ wjfndaOh fya;=fjks' iuia; f,dalh ;=<u iu.sh iy tluq;=Ndjh mj;ajdf.k hdu ;=<ska f,dalfha iqNidOkh i|yd lghq;= lsÍu hk N.j;a .S;dfõ we;=<;a jk mrudo¾Yhg fuh wkql+,h' f,dalfha iqNidOkh ;ld l%shd lsÍu ;=<ska i¾jiïmQ¾K;ajh idCId;a lr.;a cdkl jeks m%d{ rcjrekaf.a WodyrK Y%S l%sIaKd úiska w¾cqkf.a wjOdkhg f.keú;a ;sfí ^N.j;a .S;dj 3(20&' lsisjlska wvqmdvqjla fkdue;s Y%S ls%IaKd mjd fuf,dj hqla;sh bgqlr,Su i|yd iïnkaO ùu óg ;j;a WodyrKhls' 2'8 ks.ukh úúO;ajh ;=<ska talSh;ajh lrd hdu kue;s bka§h iïm%odh ;=<ska fmkakï q lr we;s mßÈ tlsfkld u; r|d meje;au hkqfjka meyeÈ,s flfrk zzm%cdjZZ ms<sn| yeÕSula yskÿ a iïm%odh ;=< ;sf í( talï i;a úm% nyqO jdoka;s î;H kï tlls" kuq;a tlS i;H ;=< úúO oDIaÀ fldaK we;af;ah&' fuu fõÈl mdGh yskÿ a ixialD;sh uekeúka meyeÈ,s lrkakls' mru i;H" foaj;ajh fidhd fkdlvjd isÿlrk fiùula îdOk O¾u& wmf.a Ôú;h iy Ñka;kh úksúo hhs' Bg iu.dój wms fuu fiùu .kq ,nk úúO ud¾.hkag îudÊ O¾u& .re lrkafkuq' tlsfkld u; r|d meje;au 26

idudkd;au;djfhka hq;a iy m%cd w;a±lSula jk nj yskÿ a oyfï wjOdrKh lr ;sfí' fuu Wreuh" úúO wd.ï j,g idudldój iyÔjkh i|yd u.mdohs' wd.ñl kdhlhska úiska i;H î;Hï&" hqla;sh Ô¾u&" WfmaCIdj îïNdjkd&" iudkd;au;djh îud;aj&" wúysxidj ^wysïid&" fm%auh ^ffu;S%& iy lreKdj ^lreKd& hkd§ úYaùh jákdlï wdrCId lsÍug;a b.ekaùug;a lghq;= l<hq;= nj fuhska .uH fõ' ksIaldu l¾u wkqj l%shd lsÍu ;=<ska cd;sl taldnoaO;djhg lemù iduh" hqla;sh iy udkj ysñlï Èß.ekaùug wmg yelsh' bka wk;=rej iuia: ukqIH j¾.hdf.a iqNfi; ^f,daliï.%y& ;ld tla tla wd.fï we;s úNjh iïnkaOfhka ixjdohlg t<öug úúO wd.ï j,g yelsh' i;H iuÕska isàu ;=<ska i;H njg m;ajk fuka yskÿ a wd.fï wmg W.kajkq ,efí' th" wm úiska isÿlrk ,o l%shd wdj¾ckh lr wmf.a meje;afï wNHka;rhg fmr<d .uka lsÍug lrk wduka;%Khls' tys§ wmg zzwfkldZZ yuqjkq we;s w;r foúhkaf.a wdYap¾hh fmkakï q flfrk ;j;a wjia:djla jk Tyq wm i;=áka ms<s.kq we;' idufha ixialD;sh hkq ÿn,hskf a .a tluq;=fjka ieleiqkq iïnkaO;d iys; jHdmdrhla jkafka kï ish¿fokd fj; iduh Wodlr<Sfï ud¾.hla t;=<ska W;amdokh jkq we;' wka;fHdaoh ^úkaÈ;hka k.d isgqùu& ;=<ska i¾fjdaohg îsh¿ fokdf.a ixj¾Okh& uÕ mEfoa' túg" ixl%dka;sl hqla;s hka;%K yryd wm idCId;a lr.ekSug jEhï orK iduh wmrg ;=< Wodjkq we;( ´ï Ydka;S Ydka;S'

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3 jk mßÉfþoh Y%S ,xldfõ ixl%dka;sl hqla;s uq,mSÍï bia,dï wd.ñl oDIaÀ fldaKh zixys¢hdj w;s W;=ï fõZ (S.4:128)21 3'1 ye|skù a u ixl%dka;sl hqla;sh jgd ks¾ñ; úúO ixjdohkag iïnkaO úúO l%shdlrejkaf.a w¾:j;a iyNd.S;ajh we;=<;a lr.kakd jQ m<s.ekSu iy h<s we;sùu j<lajd,Su i|yd w;suy;a ffO¾hhla iys; t<Uqula Y%S ,xldfõ ixl%dka;sl hqla;s l%shdj,shg wjYH fõ' ixl%dka;sl hqla;sfha l=¿Kq jk úmdl ,eîu" mqkre;a:dmkh iy ixys¢hd l%shdud¾. hkdÈh i|yd Idßhd kS;sh hgf;a mj;akd bia,dóh kS;s moku flfrys fuu mßÉfþoh yryd wjOdkh fhduq lrkq ,efí'22 iduh iy kS;s úoHdj iïnkaOfhka jk bia,dóh foaYkdj ;=< hqla;sh w;HdjYH wx.hla fõ' hqla;sh hkafkys yrh l=ula±hs ±lafjk l=rdKfha hqla;sh fjkqfjka fkdmiqngj jEhï lsÍug ñksid i;= j.lSu ms<sn|j wjOdrKh lr ;sfí' bia,dï oyfï ±lafjk hqla;sh" ixl%dka;sl hqla;s ixjdohg b;du;a wod< jk uQ,sl ldKav follg fjka jk nj fuu mßÉfþoh yryd fmkakï q lr ;sfí' tajd kï( jrola i|yd wmrdO kvq mejÍu" tkï" úmdlodhS hqla;sh iy jro i|yd hqla;sh mis|,k oKavk-fkdjk iajrEmfha m%;sIaGdmk hqla;sh fõ' bia,dï oyug wkqj" hqla;sh idCId;a lr.ekSu jkaokdjlg iudk jk nj meyeÈ,s lr fok w;f¾u ixl%dka;sl hqla;s hka;% Khkag m%fhdackj;a jk hqla;sfha iy idufha ixl,am l=rdKfha b.ekaùï ;=<sko a ms<sônq jk nj fuu mßÉfþofhka fmkakï q lrkq ,efí' 3'2 iduh ms<sn|j bia,dóh oDIaÀ fldaKh zzbia,dïZZ hk jok ì£ tkafka i,dï$is,aï kue;s wrdì jokska jk w;r foúhkaf.a leue;a;g fldkafoais úrys;j hg;a ùu ^;ia,sï& yryd iduh i|yd lghq;= lsÍu tys w¾:h fõ' bia,dï oyfï b.ekafjk ud¾.h zzidufha ud¾.hZZ jk nj l=rdKfha i|yka fõ (S.5:16)23' foúhka jykfia ;ukaj ksjerÈ uf.ys ;nd.kakd f,i iy fkdu. hdfuka wdrCId lrk f,i b,a,d isáñka Èkm;d miajrla foúhkag hd{d lsÍug uqia,sïjreka lghq;= l< hq;=h' hd{dj ksud lrk wjia:dfõ§ ;udf.a ol=Kq mi iy jï mi n,ñka Tjqka w,a,dya foúhkaf.a iduh iy wdYs¾jdoh Tng ,efíjdhS ^w,a i,dï wf,hsl=ï& m%d¾:kd lrkq ,efí' bka .uH jkafka iajlSh wNHka;rfha isg ndysr mßirh îudch& olajd iduh jHdma; lsÍfï wruqKhs' bia,dï wd.fï iduh hkafkka wNHka;r iy ndysr úkh woyia fõ' l=rdKfha foúhka jykafia y÷kajd we;af;a wia-i,dï fkdfyd;a zziduhZZ hkqfjka fõ (S. 59:23)24' bia,dï oyfï iduh wdrïN jkafka foúhka jykafia fj;sk's iduh hkq mdrd§ifha fldkafoais hla nj l=rdKfha ±lafõ( zzfoúhka i;=gq lsÍug jEhï orkafkda foúhka jykafia úiska zidufha ud¾.hZ fj; f.k hkq we;s nj iy;sl lrkq ,efíZZ' foúhkaf.a f;aÍug ,lajk whf.a wjika .ukdka;h jk mdrd§ih l=rdKfha y÷kajd § we;af;a zzidudldókaf.a ksjykZZ hkqfjks (S.89:2730)' l=rdKhg wkqj ñysu; iduh uQ,sldx. follska iukaú;h' bka m<uqjekak wdOHd;añl úkh yryd foúhka ms<sn|j iú{dKh j¾Okh lr.ekSu jk w;r fojekak ;ukq;a wkHkq;a w;r we;s lr.kakd iudcuh iduhhs' fï wx. folu háka Èfjk uQ,O¾uh jkafka bjiSu iy Ydka;sh j bksïrwgqka lay*Ü ñï nd(byd kqih s q wka brd oka *,d cka yd wf,ysud whs hqi, a syd *hskyqud iq,ayd- iq,ayd layhs¾Wka jia WyaÈrá,a wkanqhi q s ihsb jyd jbka gqik s q j gglal= * bkak,a,d y l kìud gu¨ kdklyaìr' iajlSh mqreIhd ;ukh ysxid lr;ehs fyda w;yer oud h;ehs ìfhka hï ldka;djla miqjkakS kï" Tjqka ;u mriamr;d ixys|h s d lsÍu jrola ke;" ulaksido hya ixys|h s dj w;s W;=ï jk fyhsks' wd;auh ;DIaKdjg keUqrej olajhs" tfy;a kqU hym;a foa lrkafka kï iy YS,h mqyqKq lrkafka kï foúhkajykafia kqU lrk oE okak fial' 22 Idßhd hkq bia,dï Nla;sh woyk mqoa.,hska m,kh jk kS;shhs' fuu kS;s we;=<;a uQ,dY% folls' tAjdkï l=rdKh ^foúhkajykafiaf.a foajjdlH& iy ydos;h ûqyuoa;=udf.a lshuka iy Ôú; l:dj& fõ' ^Coulson, 2011, pp. 1-7). 23hyaÈ ìys,a,d yq uksÜgnd wßoajd kdyq iqnq,ia i,d ñ jhqblayßcq -yqï ñkia ¨üd áka kQß ì biaksys j hydÈysï b,a isr-áï uqig a lsï ^bka&' foúhkajykafia wkqu; l< idufha ud¾.fha .ukalrkakdg tuf.ys hdug Wkajykafia úiska u.fmkajk fial' Wkajykafiaf.a wjirfhka Tjqka w÷ßka wdf,dalhg f.k tk fial" wl=á, ud¾.fha Tjqkg u. fmkajk fial 24yqj,a ,d-yq,a ,is ,a b,ady yqj,a ud,a u,sl,sl=,a l=oa ÿ-iqia i,d-uq,a uqñkq,a uqyhsñkq,a wisi, q a cí nd-re,a uqgdlí ì¾ iqndka w,a,d-ys wï ud-hqiaßl=-ka 21

m%.K = lsÍuhs (zin%Z)( zzbjiSfuka ord isg iudj fokakd iEnE ffO¾hh fmkakqï lrhsZZ (S.42:43)25' zzfoúhka jykafia bjiSu we;s mqoa.,hska iuÕ isák fialZZ hk mdGh fndfyda uqia,sï ksjdi j, t,a,d we;s m%isoaO lshukls' .egqfuys .s,S mj;akd iudch ;=< l=ms;lrùï iy wdrjq,a we;s lrùï iïnkaOfhka úfrdaOh mEug" bjiSu z(zin%Z)Z fyda uDÿNdjh (rifg) iïnkaOfhka l:d lsÍug" Ôú; yd foam< ydks i|yd u. mdoñka iudc moaO;s (fasad) lvdlmam,a lsÍu iy m%pKav ls%hdjkays (unf) ksr; ùu il%Shj m%;sfCIam lsÍug" ukqIH .re;ajfha mQckSh;ajh wdrCId lrñka idOdrK l%shdud¾. yryd mSvdjkag úfrdaO;djh mEug iy iduh WodlsÍfï (zulm) yd úYajdih f.dvkexùfï ksr; ùug l=rdKh yryd Wmfoia § ;sfí' foúhka jykafia l,y ldÍka ;u ñ;=rka f,i ms<sfkd.kakd w;r zzm%pKav l%shd ms<sl=,a lrk fialZZ (S.2:205)' foúhka jykfia m%pKav;ajh ÿr,k bjiSu Èß.kajk fial' zztuksid hym;a l%shdjkays ksr; ùug blauka jkakZZ hkqfjka Y=oaO jQ l=rdKfha isÿlr we;s wdrdOkh ;=<ska f.da,Sh hqla;sh iïnkaOfhka jk bia,dóh oDIaÀ fldaKh meyeÈ,s lr.; yelsh (S.5:48)' zzud urd ±óug kqU yia;h È.=lrkafka kï wksjd¾hfhkau ud kqU ueÍug udf.a yia;h È.= fkdlrkafkñ" uu w,a,dya foúhkag ìh fjñZZ (S.5:28)26 hk w,xldr joka yryd flakg a úreoaOj m%pKav;ajfha ksr; ùu tan,a úiska m%;sfCIam l< nj Y=oaO jQ l=rdKfha i|yka fõ' tan,af.a fuu l:dj ;=<ska Y%S ,xldj ;=< m%pKav;ajh m%;sfCIam lsßug;a iduh iy iyÔjkh Èß .ekaùug;a wmg wNsfhda.hla ,ndfohs' bia,dï oyug wkqj" iuia: ukqIH j¾.hdu foúhka jykfia úiska ks¾udKh lr we;af;a wdoï iy tajd yryd jk neúka wms ish¿ fokdu tl ^mjq,la& fjuq (S.49:13)27. fuu tluq;= Ndjh iduhg uÕ mEÈh hq;=h' flfia kuq;a" hqla;sh idCId;a lr.ekSug jEhï orK idufha mKsúvlrejka jYfhka foúhka jykafia fmkajd ÿka ud¾.fha (fitrah) .uka lsÍug fyda ;uka Wkkaÿjk olajk ud¾.hl (al-nafs) .uka lsÍug iEu mqoa.,fhl=gu yelsh' fitrah kue;s fuu ixl,amh bia,dï oyfï i|yka jk iduh i|yd uQ,sl jk idOlhls( zzudkj úNjh iy jákdlu Wmßu ;;a;ajhg f.k tafï w¾:idOl l¾;jH i|yd tu.ska mokula i,ik w;ru .egqïldÍ ;;a;aj hgf;a zwfkldZ wudkqIsl lrùu j<lajd,k wdrCIl úê úOdkhla jYfhka lghq;= lrhs ^Iß*s *kala" 2001" ms' 279&' fitrah hk ixl,amh iduh iy m%cd;ka;%jdoh i|yd uQ,sl jk nj ixl%dka;sl hqla;sh fhdod.ekSfï§ i,ld ne,sh hq;= nj thska .uH fõ' uyuqoa ;=ud úiska fuu idufha ud¾. iïnkaOfhka ;jÿrg;a WodyrK f.kyer olajd ;sfí' uyuqoa ;=ud ud¾.fha .uka .kakd iEu wjia:djlu t;=ud foig le<s li< úis l< ldka;djla ms<sn|j m%isoaO l:djla ;sfí' tla Èkl iqmqreÿ mßÈ weh ;u cfka,h wi, fkdisákq uyuqoa ;=ud wef.a fi!LH ;;a;ajh ms<sn|j lror ù wef.a iqj ÿla úuiqfõh' fu;=<ska l<yldÍ fkdùfï ,CIKh iy ;ukaj ms<sfkd.kakd fyda ;ukag .re fkdlrkakd jQ mqoa.,hska f.a wjYh;djkag ixfõ§ ùu ms<sn| WodyrKhla fmkakï q lrhs' msmdifhka fmf<k iqkLfhl= ÿgq ldka;djla <sf|ka j;=r we;' iqkLhdg mdkh lrkakg bv §u ms<sn| l:djla uyuqoa ;=ud úiska mjid ;sfí' tu lreKdjka; l%shdfõ n,fhka weh mdrd§ihg we;=¿ jQ nj uyuqoa ;=ud m%ldY lr ;sfí' zzkS;Hdkql+, ysñlulska ñi foúhka jykafia úiska mQckSh njg m;afldg we;s i;ajhska urd ±ófuka j,lskk a ZZ hkqfjka l=rdKfha i|yka fõ (S.17:33)28' ysÊrdfjys ih jk jifrys§ ffjrfhka weú¿kq mqoa.,hska tla uqia,sï jreka lKavdhulg ulalu msyg s d we;s mQckSh foajia:dkhg hdu j<lajd,k ,§' ulalu mQckSh ia:dkfha ysñlu uqia,sï jre úiska h<s ia:dms; lr.ekSfuka wk;=rej by; l%shdjg m<s.ekSula jYfhka hula lsÍug Tjqkf a .ka we;euqkg a Wjukd úh' kmqre l%shdjkag kmqre l%shdj,ska m%;spdr ±laùu fkdl< hq;= nj l=rdKfha i|yka fõ (S.5:2)29' m%pKav;ajh iEu úgu iduh lvdlmam,a lsÍug fya;=jk w;r th iudc úfrdaë wmrdOhls (S.5:32)30' bia,dï oyfï tlu wd.ula iy i¾j fN!ñl ukqIH;ajhla ms<sn| l:d 25j

,uka i*¾ j .*drd bka kd i-,sld ,ñka wiañ,a Wuq-¾ bï *yiÜg bf,hshd hold ,sglal=,ks ud-wkd *s*-isá hÈhd bf,hsl ,s wlayl=,la^w& bkaks wlay-*,d-yd iín,dwd-,ñk^wd&' 27h-whs hqy,a kd-iq bka kd- y,lakd-l=ï ñka ilßõ jd wkaid j-c,akd l=ï iq-nõ jd ld* b, ,sgd-r*q-bka k wla¾ul=ï bka,s ,d-ys wÜgd-l=ï bka k,a-,d y w,suqka lì¾ 28j l=,a, bkaid-kska w,aiïkd-yq g-breyq-*s wkalsys^b&" j kqlaysßcq ,yq-hWu,a lshd-u;s-*hs h,al=-yq ukaihsW-rd^ka&' 29 ''' j b;d-y,,a;=ï *iagd-ÿ j,hs hðßukak-l=ï ihshkd-kq fl!ñka wka idÈl=ï wks,a uiaðÈ yrd-ñ wka gÿ- jgddjkq w,,a *sß jglajd j ,d gywkq w,,a biañ j,Woajdks wf,hsl'''… 30ñka wð,s id-,sld lg*kd w,d *ks biard b,d wkayq uka lg, k*aiï *s .hsß k*aik s a wW *iÈka *s,a w¾È *d lhskakud l=gd,ka k-i cñwkd j uka wyahs-yd *l wkakud wyahkakd-i cñ wka''' 26,

lrhs' ukqIH;ajh tla mjq,lg wh;afõ (S.2:213)31' tu ksid hqla;sh fjkqfjka l%shd;aul ùu idufha$iuh i|yd ls%hdldÍ ùuls' th úfrdaO;d iys; ÈhqKqjg m%;sm CI jQ woyia iys; jHdmdrhla fkdfõ' ixys¢hdj w;s W;=ï jk nj âl-sulhu khayrun& l=rdKfha i|yka jk w;r .egqï id¾:lj iukhlg m;al< yelafla ksldh jd§ wd;aud¾:h wNsnjd hkakd jQ hqla;sh ia:dms; lsÍfuka (S.4:135)32 muKla njo i|yka fõ' ;Hd.YS,S Ñka;kfhka hq;=j m<s.ekSu w;yer ±óu mska f.kfok nj l=rdKfha fhdackd fõ (S.5:45)33' yels;dla blaukska hqoaO wjika l, hq;= w;r i;=rd iduh yUd hEu werUq fudfydf;au hqoaOh keje;aúh hq;=h (S.2:192-3)34' tys wre: jkafka ixl%dka;sl hqla;s jEhï hkq hqla;sh fjkqfjka l%shdldÍ ùu fyda úfrdaO;d iy m%;sl%shd;aul woyia iys; jHdmdrhla fkdjk njhs' th iduh i|yd iy iduh fjkqfjka jk ixl%dka;sl hqla;sh" ksldhsl wd;aud¾;lduh wNsnjd hk jHdmdrhla ;=<ska hqla;sh mis|,kq ,efí' 3'3 hqla;sh iïnkaOfhka bia,dï O¾ufha oDIaáfldaKh iduh iy kS;súoHdj iïnkaOfhka jk bia,dñl foaYkdj ;=< hqla;sh w;HdjYH wx.hla f,i i,lkq ,efí' zbia,dñl jákdlï moaO;sh ;=< hqla;shg ,ndoS we;s ia:dkh fld;rï jeo.;a jkafka o h;a th mqoa.,hdf.a jvd;au udyeÕs ne|Su jk ;uka fj; jk ne|Suo blaujd hhsZ hkqfjka O¾ufha i|yka j ;sfí ûqid*¾" 2000" ms'261&' mqoa.,hl=f.a iajd¾:hg jvd hqla;sh jeo.;a fldg ,d i,lkq ,efí' bia,du oyu ;=< hqla;sfha kdkdm%ldr iajrEm ye|skù a ug iudkd;au;djh$idOdrK;ajh ^qisṭ&" yslaóu ^qaṣd&" iDcqnj îstiqāma&" uOHia:nj ^wasaṭ&" Od¾ñIaGnj ^birr&" fnÞyÞ.ekSu ^naṣīb&" hym;alu ^hiṣṣa&" iunr;djh$ ;rdosh ^mizān& hkoS jpk .Kkdjla fhdÞ.kshs' flfiakuq;a hqla;sh ms<sn| i|yka lsÍfïoS nyq,ju Ndú;d jk jok jkafka ‘ayn-dal-lam’ hk uQ, l%shdmofhka ì|S tk adl hk Ndj kdumoh fõ' Bg wre;a lsym s hls( 1& tl t,af,a wiqkaf.k isàu fyda ms<sfj,g wiqkaf.k isàu" 2& jroska ÿriaj ksjro foig yeÍu ke;fyd;a ksjeros ia:dkfha jro ksjro lsÍu" 3& iudkd;au;djh fkdfyd;a iudkùu" 4& iunr;djh fkdfyd;a iu;=,s;h we;slsÍu" 5& idOdrK;ajh" Od¾ñIaGnj iy ksjeroslu' tA wkqj" hqla;sh hkafkays wre; iÞpdrd;aul fukau iudc jákdlï hk foflkau iukaú; jQjls' hqla;sh osjHuh ,laIKhla f,i i,lkq ,nk w;r" bia,dï oyfï foúhka y÷kajkq ,nkafka hqla;sfha uQ,dY%h" mru hqla;sh iy mru úksiqre (ahkam al-hakimin) f,ihs' foúhkajykafia úiska i,a,d,lu âl-fahsha’&" wlSlreNdjh âl-munkar&" iy wyxldrlu âl-baghy& ;ykï lr we;s fial (S.16:90)' foúhkajykafia foajjdlH yryd ;ukajykafia ms<sn| fy<sorjq l< w;r Ydia;DDjreka yryd ikakf s õokh l< fial' tuksid hqla;sfha uQ,O¾uh uekSu iy wjfndaO lr.ekSu isÿl< hq;af;a foajjdlH yryd we;sl< iïu;hka wkqj fõ(S.57:25)35 zY=NM, iy o~qjï ,eîfï O¾u NdIs;h osjHuh hqla;sh u; mokïj ;sfí( iEu ukqIHhl=u Tyqf.a fyda wehf.a fm!oa.,sl l%shd iy Tjqka úiska idlaId;a lr.;a oE u; mokï fjñka idOdrKj ie,ls,s ,nkq we;'Z(Souaiaia, 2008, p. 1) l=rdKfha i|yka jk fndfyda WÞyrKj, oelafjk wkaoug ndysr jYfhka hqla;siy.;j l%shdlsÍu tu mqoa.,hdf.a wNHka;rfha foúhka ms<sn| we;s iú{a×kfha ms<sìUqjla fõ taqwa) (S.5:8)'36 Id-lfiañ meyeos,s lrk wkaoug zfoúhka ;=< hqla;sh hkqfjka woyia jkafka iEu fohlau Bg WÑ; ia:dkfha we;s nj jk w;r ukqIHhd ;=< hqla;sh hkqfjka woyia jkafka iEu fohlau tAjdg WÑ; ia:dkfha ;eîug ork jEhuhs' foúhkajykafia ;=< fuh fjkial< fkdyels mdrfN!;sl .=Kdx.hla jk w;r ukqIHhd ;=< th fjkiajkiq¿ jQ;a" pxp,jQ;a jEhula fõ'''iEu 31l-k

kiq Wïugõ j-ysoyagka * yd-i,a, yqka-kìhskd uqnqiahsßkd j wka isßkaw j wkai udyqudyquq,a ls;d-n ì,a ylals ,shdyal=ï *kakd-is *s ula;,*q -*shs j ula;,d*d *sys b,,a ,;sk;= yq ñka bisks j,a,d-yq hyaÈ uys hiahd W b,d isrdáï uqig a lsï^bka&' 32hd-whshqy,a ,oskd wd ukq l= kq lõjd-ñk *s,a lsi; a s iydo,s,a,d ys,a j,-yq,a , kanq isl=ï wõú j,sÈk j,a wlarìkd bhs hlal=ka ckshka wya*dlsrka *,dyq-w,d ìysud- n,d ;;a;ìW,ayjqjd wkagd È¨ j bka g,õ wyq ;=-;= *hsk,a,d-yd ld-k ìud gu¨kd lya-ìÍka' 33j lg*akd wf,hsyï s *sys wkka k*aid *ska k*ais j,awhsk *s,a whsks j,a wka*s *s,a wka*s j,a yqik a d *s,a yqik a s jia iskakd ìia bksks j,a cqreyd-lsidiqka *uka ;i;a;ld *sys * yqj-línd-r;=,a,d ,yq j u,a ,ï hyal=ï *sud wkai,,a,d-yq * W,dbl yquqii a d h,auqkd 34* bkak;dyq * bkak,a,d-y .*qre¾ rysuq' j l-á¨ yï wd;, ;l=k *sgqkÿõ j hlq-koa Èkq ,s,a, ys * bkskagyW * , Woajd-k b,a, w,id-,sñkd 35,loa w¾i,akd reiq,akd *s,a *hs Èkd j wkai,akd uyquq,a ls;d n j,a ñia kd ,shl=-uka kd-iq *s,a lsi; a s j wkai,akd yÈod *sys *ika i§ÿõ jukd *s ,ska kd-is j ,shq,u,a , yq uhs hkair q eyq j reiq,yq *s,a whs*ska kd,a,d y lhsõhska wiSia 36h- whshy,a ,iSkd w-ukq l=-kq- lõjd-ñk ,s,a,d-ys iyqyo w *s,a lsi; a s j ,d hðßukakl=ï iskd-kq l=ñka w,d w,a,d g È¨ byaÈ¨ yqjd wla¾bu ,s;aglajd jÜgl=,a,d bkak,a,d lya*reï *sud guÆkd'

fohlau Bg WÑ; ia:dkhl fkdmj;sk fuf,dfjys idOdrKj l%shd lsÍug ñksid ork jEhu" hqla;sh idlaId;a lr.ekSug iycfhkau ñksid ;=< we;s <eoshdfõ uq,anei.;a;ls'''tA wkqj" ñksid isÿlrk hqla;siy.; l%shd hkq h:d¾:fha mru iajrEmh-foúhka ;=< iEu fohlau tAjd ;sìh hq;= ia:dkfha we;s fyhska fuf,djo th tfia úhhq;= nj- flfrys we;s wdOHd;añl iïnkaOh fmkakï q lsÍula fõ' ^Id-lfiañ" 2007" ms' 82-83& adl tkï hqla;shg mgyeks ÿIagNdjh" foúhkaf.a kS;shg wmydi lsÍu" kmqf¾ kshe,Su" iduh lvdlmam,a lsÍug u.mdok mSvdj iy widOdrKh hk woyia .uH lsÍug l=rdKfha Zulm fkdfyd;a whqla;sh hk jok fhdÞf.k ;sfí' ihsam fkdfyd;a .=Kj;alu u.ska hqla;sh W!KmQrKh lrk nj Y=oaOjQ l=rdKfha oelafõ (S.5:60)37' hqla;sh iy idOdrK md,kh yryd rgg ixj¾Okh iy iuDoaêh WÞlroSu rchl jeo.;au j.lSu fõ' kS;s iïmdokh iy md,kh i|yd fya;=mdol ù we;af;a hqla;sh hs' bia,dñl kS;sh iy kS;s úoHdj we;af;a foúhkajykafia f.a hqla;sh ñysu; ia:dmkh lsÍug hs' l=rdKfha tk úia;rj,g wkqj" idOdrK iudchla hkq ish¿ wdldrj, mSvdjkaf.ka f;dr jQ N+ñhls' tA wkqj" bia,dñl foaYmd,k wdpdrO¾u ;=< m%pKav;ajhg wjir ,ndoS we;af;a whqla;sh (zulm) ;=rka lr oeóug fhdÞ.ekSu msKsi muKs' ñ;HdoDIaáh (kufr) we;sj mjd iudchlg meje;aula we;;a whqla;sh (zulm) we;s ;ek iudchlg meje;aula fkdue;s nj Ydia;DjrhdfKda i|yka lr we;af;dah' foúhka jykafia mSvd we;s fkdlrk nj l=rdKfha meyeos,sju i|yka fõ (S.9:70, 10:44, 29:40 and 30:9)38' tA wkqj whqla;sh yd mSvdjka we;sjkafka ukqIH ueosy;aùï fya;=fjka muKlau jk w;r foúhka jykafia mSvd we;s fkdlrk fyhska" hqla;sh lrd jeà we;s tlu ud¾.h jkafka osjH wd×jhs' 3'4 bia,dï oyu iy úmdlÞhS hqla;sh l=rdKhg wkqj hqla;sh WÞlr,Su i|yd wm zksjeros foh lsÍug kshu lr je/oao ;ykï l< hq;= hZ(S.3:104)39; zm%cdj iu.ska tluq;= yd tAldnoaO iïnkaO;djhla we;slrf.kZ tlu foúfhl=g fiajd l<hq;=h ^wïu¾" 2001" ms'166&' m%cdj iy mqoa.,hd w;r mj;akd fuu wka;¾ iïnkaO;djh iy wfkdkH ne|Su ;=< zwmrdOj, ksr;ùu" foúhka fj; fukau fm!oa.,sl yd fmdÿ uÜgïj, m%cdfõ iu.sh yd iyÔjkh fjkqfjka mqoa.,hd bgql<hq;= j.lSu meyer yeÍula f,i i,lkq ,efí ^wïu¾" 2001" ms'166&' bia,dï ou ;=<" wmrdO jro iy Bg ,ndfok o~qjï Ḥudūd, Qiṣāṣ, iy Ta’zir hkqfjka ;=ka wdldrhlg j¾.SlrKh lr ;sfí' zfoúhkaf.a ^mqÿ& whs;sjdislï iy mqoa., ^fm!oa.,sl& whs;sjdislï hkdoS jYfhka W,a,x>kh jQ whs;sjdislïj, úúO mokï fuu j¾.SlrKh yryd úia;r fõ' fuu tla tla j¾.fhka úúO lreKq .uH fõ' o~qjï ,ndoSug wêlrKhg we;s wNsu;fha úúO uÜgï" mkjk o~qju fldmuK oreKqfõo hkak iy idlaIs fyda lreKq fiùfï úúO iïu;hka Bg we;=<;a fõ' ldKavh fyda bka .uHjkafka l=ula jqjo fufia wmrdO iy o~qjï j¾.SlrKfha wjika wNsu;d¾:h jkafka idOdrK iudchla idlaId;a lr.ekSu jk njg ish¿ kS;sfõoSyq tlÕ fj;aZ^wïu¾" 2001" ms'166&' Ḥudūd ^tAljpk moh - hadd& hkafkys jpkd¾:h jkafka ziSudZ hkak fõ' kS;sfhaoS ḥudūd jro hkq zfoúhkaf.a whs;sjdislïZ (ḥuqūg al-Allah) fyda zfoúhkaf.a ysñlïZ W,a,x>kh lrk fukau Wkajykafia úiska ia:dms; ffk;sl yd iudc m¾hdh fkdfyd;a zukqIHhskf a .a whs;sjdislïZ ^ḥuqūg al-‘ibad& W,a,x>kh lsÍuhs' foúhkaf.a ud¾.fhka fjkaù uxuq<d jQ mqoa.,hl= f,i Ḥudūd jrolrejka y÷kd.kakd w;r" Tjqka ksisu.g .;hq;=h' fuu jro iïnkaOfhka ,ndfok o~qjï l,sku a ;SrKh ù we;s w;r" tAjd l=rdKfha i|ykaj ;sfí' tu o~qjï wksjd¾h ^‘uqūbāt muqaddara& jk w;r mqkre†dmkh fyda jrog miq;eùug tys we;af;a b;d iq¿ bvls' tysoS úksiqre úiska isÿ lrkafka m%ldY iy idlaIsj, ksrjoH;djh ms<sn|j ;SrKh lsÍu muKs' fuu jroj,a Tmamq jQ miq iudj ,ndoSula isÿ fkdfõ' Ḥudūd jro w;rg lduñ:Hdpdrh (zina)(S.17:32)" tkï mrÞr fiajkh" ffu:qkH" jHNspdrh$ fl!udrlduh" ¥IKh" ffjYHd ia;%Ska iemhSu" mqxffu:qkH$ kdßffu:qkH o¦ foúhka jykafia iy iudchg tfrysj hqO jeoSu (hirāba) (S.5:33-34)" tkï wdhqO ikakoaOj fidrlfï fhoSu (ḥirābah) (S.5:33-34)" ;%ia;jdoh" ikakoaO m%pKav;ajh (baghi) (S.49:9-10)" jdÑl wmydih (qadhf) (S.24:23-5)" u;a lrjk øjH Ndú;h (shurh al-khamr) (S.4:43)" fidrlu (sariqa) l=,a y,a wk*s-Wl=ï *s-isrñka ñkaid;d- ,sl uiQ-*;ka bka;,s,a,d ys u,a-,d l=yq,a,d yq jldÈ*dwf,hsys j c,d ñkayquq,a lsrdoag j,a laydka-isrd jd*; ;l=;d W,d bl Ihsreï uld-kõ j wo,a¨ wka ijd bia iì,a^b& 38 ,dï hÈsysï kqnq-w,a ,§kd ñkaa lì,sysï lõñkqysï jÈ-õ iuq-od jl=;añ bírd ysud jYd *suqÈhkd j uqÈ*sl;s w;ald;=ï reiq,ayï q *s,a *hskd ;s *ud l-k,a,d yq ,sfhia,s-uyqï j ,-lska l-kq wka*isyqï h;a,suq-kd' 39 j,a;l=ï ñkal=ï Wïu;s hÿl=-kd b,,a,d laydbß j hïre kd *s,a udre-*s j wka yWkd wks,a uqkalßb j W,a bl yquq,a uq*s,syk q d' 37

(S.5:38-39)" wd.u w;yer oeóu (ridda) (S.2:217)" widOdrK wkaoñka bia,dñl md,lhl=g wlSlreùu (S.49:9-10)" foúhkajykafia iy Wkajykafiaf.a mKsúvlrejkag tfrysj hqO jeoSu (S.5:33-34) we;=<;a fõ' Ḥudūd o~qjï hkq wÞ< jrog WÑ; o~qjï ,ndoSug jvd tjka jro isÿlsÍu j,lajd,Su wruqKq lrf.k ,ndfok o~qjï fõ' tuksid wkHhska tu jro lsÍfuka je,lSu wruqKq lrf.k fuu o~qjï m%isoaêfha ,ndfohs' o~qjfï b,lalh jkafka uyck iqnfi; wdrlaId lsÍu jk fyhska tAjd foúhkaf.a whs;sjdislï jYfhka kï flfrk w;r mqoa.,hdf.a iqnfi;g wÞ< jk mqoa., whs;sjdislï W,a,x>k f,i fkdie,fla' ḥudūd jro iïnkaOfhka idlaIs Ndr.ekSu yrhd;aul kS;shg tAldnoaO lr we;s w;r jro ms<s.ekSfï mdfmdÉPdrK iy idlaIslrejkaf.a m%ldYj,g muKla th iSud fjhs' jhi iïmQ¾K jQ" mdfmdÉPdrKfha wre; l=ulaoehs wjfndaO lr.; yels iy ;udf.a leue;af;ka l%shd lrk wfhl= úiska WidúfhaoS lrk mdfmdÉPdrK muKla j,x.= fõ' jOysxidjg ,la lr ,nd.kakd mdfmdÉPdrK j,x.= fkdfõ' we;eï ḥudūd wmrdO iïnkaOfhka o~qjï ,ndoSu wruqK jkafka jrfoa úmdl ,ndoSu jk w;r tu wmrdO i|yd ys,jq jYfhka o~qjï ,ndoSu ms<sn|j l=rdKfha i|yka fõ' fuysoS mqkre†dmkh lsisÿ N+ñldjla ksrEmKh fkdlrhs' Qiṣāṣ ^iudk uÜgulska m<s.ekSu& hk jok qassa kï uQ, l%shdmofhka ì|S tkakla jk w;r tys wre; jkafka mshigyka fyda u. igyka zwkqj Tyq .shZ njhs' bia,dñl kS;s moaO;sh ;=< zzm<s.ekSuZ ms<sn| l:d lsÍug qisas hk jok Ndú;d lrkafka tysoS isÿjkafka jrolref.a wämdf¾ hdula" tu mqoa.,hdg ydkshla lsÍula" Tyq úiska ;ukaf.a úkaos;hskg a l< ydkshg ksjerosju iudk jk uÜgul o~qjula tu mqoa.,hdg ,ndoSu jk neúks ^jdia;s" 2008" ms'12&' fÉ;kdkaú;j lrk ñkSueÍï (S.4:92)40 fukau fÉ;kdkaú; fkdjk ñkSueÍï o Qisas jrog we;=<;a fõ(S.4:93)41' fuu jroj,a folu yryd fmdÿ yd fm!oa.,sl whs;sjdislï W,a,x>kh lrkq ,nhs' foúhkaf.a ks¾udKhla úkdY lsÍu isÿjk fyhska th fmdÿ jrola jk w;r úkaos;hdf.a mjq, ;uka wdorh lrkafkla wysñ lr.kakd fyhska th fm!oa.,sl jrola fõ' tjka jro i|yd o~qjï ,ndosh hq;af;a iudkd;au;d kS;sh fyda m<s.ekSfï ^qiṣāṣ& uQ,O¾uh wkqj iy$ fyda l=rdKfha kshu lr we;s jkaos (diya) kvqlr hgf;a fõ(S.2.178)42' bia,dï oyfï tk úmdloSfï O¾u;djh fuu mdGfha we;=<;a jk nj úYajdi lrkq ,efí' kS;sh oeäj l%shd;aul lsÍu hkq iudc m¾hdh mj;ajdf.k hduls' qiṣāṣ iy diya ms<sn| idlÉPd lrk iiyskd fufia i|yka lr ;sfí( zúmdlÞhS hqla;s l%shdj,sh hkq mQ¾j-bia,dï f.da;%sl ixialD;sfha jQ m<s.ekSfï iïm%Þh yd iudk m%pKav;ajfha pl%hla fkdj mqkre†dmk l%shdj,shla fõ' tuksid iudj oS jkaos Ndr .ekSug l=rdKfha tk wkqYdikdj wkqj hñka úkaos;hd iy jrolre w;r ixys|h s dj ^shifa’ al-sudur - yoj; iqjm;a lsÍu& we;sjk f;la iy jrfoa j.lSu jrolre úiska Ndr.;a miq tu mqoa.,hd mqkre†mkh lsÍu olajd úmdlÞhS hqla;s l%shdud¾.h bosßhg f.khdu WÑ; njla fmfka ^iiyskd" 2001" ms'111-112&' o~qjï ,ndoSu idOdrKj isÿjk nj iy;sl lr.ekSu i|yd qiṣāṣ jro iïnkaOfhka hqla;sh mis|,Sfï j.lSu zm;al< Ndrlrejl=Z fyda zueosy;alrejl=gZ Ndr fokq ,efí' tu j.lSu m%cdjg" úkaos;hdg fyda Tyqf.a$wehf.a mjq,g Ndr fkdfohs' úkaos;hdf.ka iudj ,eîu iqÿiq njla ie,l=jo" jrog o~qjïoSug rch i;= whs;sh bka wj,x.= fkdfõ' úkaos;hl= fjkqjg rch bosßm;a jk wjia:djl yer" lsisÿ úkaos;hl=f.a whs;sjdislï fyda Tjqkg ,efnk m%;sl¾u w;ayer oeóug rchg fkdyelsh' kvqmejÍulska f;drj jkaos (diya) b,a,d isàug úkaos;hskg a yels kuq;a kvqj w;yer oukafka o hk ;SrKh úkaos;hd w; mj;shs' qiṣāṣ jrfoa úkaos;hskf a .a whs;sjdislï wdrlaId lsÍfï wruqKska th tfia fõ' Ta’zir hkq bia,dï oyfï tk ;j;a jro j¾.hla fõ' fï .Khg jefgkafka iq¿ jro jk w;r" iudcfha hym; ;ld iy jrolre úiska bosßfhaoS tjka jeros h<s isÿ fkdlrk nj iy;sl lr.kqjia wNsu;dkqidÍ o~qjï muqKqjkq ,efí' Ta’zir o~qjï uyck hym; iy jrolre mqkre†dmkh wruqKq lrf.k kshu lrkq ,efí' tAjd" jrolre mqkre†dmkh lsÍfï wruqKska w;S;hg o n,mdk wkaoñka ,ndfok o~qjï ùug fyda mqoa.,hl= úiska hdØ pdß;%$ Wmjdi jeks jQ ;u hq;=lï kshudldrfhka bgqlrk nj iy;sl lr.ekSug kshu lrk n,d;aldr l%shdud¾.hla j u-l-kd ,s^ya&uqñkska whs hla;=¨ uqñkka b,a,d-lydodka j-uka lo,la uq-ñkka lo,Üwka * gysre rdyau;ska uqñkd;ska j Wka ldk ñkal= ñka *hskal=ï j *ka kï yqï ñiaidl=ï *Èh;=ï uqi,a,uÿka b,a,d wya,sys j ;ysßre rla*;slsï uqñkdysáka *du,a ,ï hðoa * ishd uq ihsyrhsks uqgí*swhsks gW*gï ñk,a,d-ys j l-k,a,d- yqw,sñka ylsuka' 41 j uhs hla;=,a uqñkdka uq;dwïñoka * cid-yq cykakuq layd,soka *syd j .È*d,yq wf,hs j ,d wkakyq jod ,yq jo,-yq wid *kakd isudka''' 42 h whshy,a ,oskd wd-ukq l=È*d wf,hsl=uq,a lsid-iq *s,a l;s, *s,a w,a yQre *s,a yQß j ,a wíÿ ì,a wíÈ j,a wkaid-k wka id ì,a Wkaid w*ak uka Wkaßh ,yq-ñka wlays,a ihshska Wka *;a;snd Wï *s,a ure *s j wo-Wka *sf,ays *s byaidk-bka i ,sld glaya*s*qï ñ¾ ríìl=ï j-ryaudya;ka * uks;od *od id ,sld *,yq wid *ka w,suqka' 40

úh yelsh' ta’zir hgf;a hï jrola yd Bg mkjk o~qju l%shd;aul lsÍu ks¾jpkh lsÍfïoS Bg úksiqref.a wNsu;dkqidÍ n,h" iudcfha mj;akd miqìu iy jrolref.a iudc ;;ajh iy fm!¾Ih hkdosh Þhl;ajh imhhs ^wïu¾" 2001" ms'173&' ta’zir o~qjï hgf;a iudjoSu iy wju o~qjï ,ndoSug m%uqLia:dk ,nd fohs' tysoS wkq.ukh lrk l%shdud¾. w;rg iu:lrKh" úkaos;hd-jrolre w;r idlÉPd" úkaos;hska i|yd jk jkaos jevigyka hkdosh we;=<;a fõ' wjia:d y;rloS ta’zir hgf;a o~qjï ,nd fkdoS isáh yelsh' tAjd kï" jrolre ;u jro ms<sn| miq;eùu" uQ,slju úkaos;hd iy miqj úksiqre úiska iudj ,ndoSu" úkaos;hd iy jrolre tlsfkldg iudjoSu iy jrolref.a urKh fõ' bia,dï oyug wkqj" jrolrejkag ;uf.a j.lSu iy ;ukag o~qjï ,eìhhq;= nj wjfndaO lr.ekSu i|yd úmdlÞhS o~qjï jeo.;a fõ' jrog fm<Ufjkakka bka j,ld,Su i|yd b;d ;shqKq j,lajd,Sfï Wmdhud¾. rduqjla ḥudūd ;=<ska imhd fok w;r iudc hym;" ohdj" iudjoSu iy mqkre†dmkh jeks jákdlï ;=<ska ud¾f.damfoaY ,en úmdlÞhS hqla;sh mis|,sh yelafla flfiao hkaka ms<sn| jrKhka ta’zir iy qiṣāṣ ;=<ska ,efí' h<s isÿùu j,lajd,Sfï woyiska Ta’zir o~qjï ,ndfok w;r úmdlÞhS hqla;sh l%ufhka j¾Okh jk m%pKav;ajfha pl%h njg m;a fkdjk nj qiṣāṣ ;=<ska iy;sl lr.kq ,efí' tysoS" ;Skÿ a ,ndoSu ;=<ska úmdlÞhS hqla;sfha oreKq iajNdjh wvqlsÍug jEhï ork w;r" t;=<ska foúhkajykafiaf.a wkqlïmdj iy ohdj fmkakï q flf¾' úmdlM,h tfia kshdukh ;=<ska iudcuh jYfhka tlsfklg iïnkaO b,lal folla wjOdrKh lsÍug l=rdKhg wjYH jQ njla fmfka' tAjd kï" muK blaujd hk o~qjï ,ndoSug ukqIHhd ;=< we;s iajNdúl keUqrej u; iÞpdrd;aul-ffk;sl iSud mekùu iy m<s.ekSug yd we;s úhyels m%pKav;ajfha pl%hlg úl,amhla jkaos ke;fyd;a iudjoSu jYfhka f,a-jkaos uqo,a ms<s.ekSu ;=<ska fhdackd lsÍu fõ' udkj in|;d h:d ;;ajhg f.k tAu i|yd wjYH lrk iqjùfï l%shdj,sh i|yd úêúOdk ie,iSu msKsi iudjoSu isÿ flfrk f;la" m<s.eksu ke;fyd;a jrog úmdl ,ndoSfï woyiska lrk lsisjla yryd iduh WÞ fkdfõ' 3'5 bia,dï oyu iy m%;sIaGdmk hqla;sh fmdÿfõ sulha hkqfjka y÷kajkafka iduh f.dvkexùu (sulha) iy ixys|h s dj (musalaha) i|yd jk bia,dñl .egqï ksrdlrK hka;%K fõ' thska m%;sIaGdmk hqla;s yd iduh f.dvkexùfï l%shdj,sh fukau tys m%;sM,ho ms<sn|j i|yka lrkq ,nhs' idudkH sulha l%shdj,shl mshjr .Kkdjls( 1. ;=jd, fyda urKj,g fya;=jQ jrola isÿ lsÍu 2. m<s.ekSfï fyda jrog úmdl ,ndoSfï l%shdud¾. lsis;a .ekSu j,lajd.ekSu i|yd" jro isÿl< ;eke;a;d tu jro ms<sn| úu¾Ykh lsÍug kdhljrhdf.a ud¾f.damfoaY me;Su 3. kdhljrhd w.;shg m;ajQ md¾Yjh yuqùug f.dia isÿùug ueosy;a ù th iu:hg meñKùug wjir b,a,d isáhs' 4. iu:hlg tAfï b,a,Sug úkaos;hd tlÕjkafka kï th" sulha pdß;%fha ks, iudrïNh iksgqyka lrhs' 5. i,ldne,Sï" úu¾Yk iy fYdalùu isÿlrk ld,iSudjlska wk;=rej iu:lre úiska jkaosf.ùu (diya) i|yd wjYH lghq;= ixúOdkh lrhs' tysoS" isÿl< jrfoa nrm;,Ndjh iy iqúfYaIS lreKq i,ld n,d tA wkqj ixfla;d;aul fyda uqo,auh jkaoshla f.ùug ;SrKh úh yelsh' 6. musafaha fkdfyd;a zw;g w;oSfïZ pdß;%h i|yd m%cdjka tla /ia fõ' fuysoS" úkaos;hdf.a mjqf,a iEu idudðlhl= iu.sku a fuu pdß;%fha ksr;ùu jrolref.ka wfmalaId flf¾' pdß;%h iïmQ¾K lsÍu i|yd iu:lre úiska jrolre f.k tk iqÿ fldähl .eg lsym s hla .id iduh ;yjqre ùuka ixfla;d;aulj iÞkqiaurKh lrkq ,efí' 7. iudjoSu iy ixys|h s dj fmkakï q lsÍu i|yd úkaos;hdf.a mjq, úiska jrolref.a mjq,g iSks rys; zl¿ fldamsZ j,ska ix.%y l< hq;=h' 8. jrog n÷kajQ mjq,g jrolref.a mjqf,ka lEufõ,la ,ndfohs' mumalaha kñka y÷kajk fuu fNdack ix.%yh;a iu.ska ixys|h s d pdß;%h iïmQ¾K fjhs' by; meyeos,s l< wkaoug ixys|h s d l%shdj,shg jrola isÿjQ nj ms<s.ekSu" ;uka jrola l< nj jrolre úiska ms<s.ekSu" iudjoS m<s.ekSu w;er oeóug we;s iQÞku iy ovhla fyda jkaoshla f.ùu we;=<;a fõ' tA wkqj" sulha pdß;%fha m%;sIaGdmk .=Kdx. we;=<;a jk w;r th ljqreka

ksjeros fõo ljqreka jeros fõo hkak ms<sn| lrk ;SrKhlska Tíng hkakls (S. 42:4043)' fuysoS o wjOdrKh flfrkafka ixys|h s dj ñi kvqúuiSu fkdfõ' tla tla md¾Yjhg kshu flfrk ixfla;d;aul N+ñld wkqj tu md¾Yjhka tlsfkld iu.ska iïnkaOjk oaùmd¾Yùh wdldrh b;d jeo.;a fõ' fuu l%shdj,sh ;=<ska zmd¾Yj folla m¾hdh iys; iduldñ úYajhlg" bosßhg isÿjkafka l=ulaoehs l,ska lsjyels ;;ajhlg" idOdrK;ajhg iy wdrlaIs;Ndjhg h<s le|jdf.k hkq ,nhs' isÿjQ m%pKav l%shdfjka fyda jroska Tjqkg ieneúkau wysñj .sfha fïjd fõZ ^wnq ksu¾" 2001" ms'95& sulha pdß;%fhaoS isÿjkafka úksYp a hla fkdj" úkaos;hdf.a .re;ajh m%;sIaGdmkh lsÍu ;=<ska úkaos;hdf.a m<s.ekSfï fÉ;kd iudjoSfï fÉ;kd njg mßj¾;kh lsÍu iy jrolref.a .re;ajhg ydksjk hula isÿùu u.yrjd.ekSu i|yd myiqlï ie,iSuls' tys m%;sM,h jkafka m%cdfõ iy w.;shg m;a md¾Yjfha ì|S .sh in|;d w¿;ajeähd lsÍu ;=<ska m%cdfõ ydks ù .sh wdpdrúê m%lD;su;a ;;ajhg tAu tys m%;sM,hhs' fvdfrdaka fma,s i|yka lrk wkaoug zSulha iïnkaOfhka fuu m%cd oDIaáfldaKh w;HdjYH jkafka tu.ska mqoa.,hska w;r we;s wdrjqf,ka Tíng f.dia f.da;%h ;=< we;sjk wdrjq,a wduka;%Kh jk fyhska iy mqoa.,hska w;r we;sjk wdrjq,a fukau f.da;% w;r we;sjk wdrjq,a úi|Su i|yd jk wjYH;djh o tu.ska wduka;%Kh jk fyhsksZ ^fma,s" 2016" ms'27&' sulha;=<ska mqoa.,hska w;r iïnkaO;d md,kh jk w;r iudcfha iu.sh mj;ajdf.k hdu yd iDcqju iïnkaO b;d jeo.;a wd.ñl hq;=lula f,i th bia,dï oyfï i,lkq ,efí' foúhkajykafiaf.a whs;sjdislï iïnkaO jk ish¿u oE uq¿uksku a sulha iSudfjka mßndysr fõ' sulha ;=, iudj §fï .=Kh .eíù ;sfí' foúhka jykafia W;=ï iudj fokafkl= jYfhka i,lkq ,efí (S.39:53)44' fldam .ekSug idOdrK fya;=jla we;s wjia:d j, mjd iudj §ug yels whg Wkajykafia úfYaI m%;s,dN i,ik fial (S.42:37)45' m<s .ekSu i|yd wjir we;s wjia:d j, mjd m,s.ekSu fjkqjg ixys¢hdj yd ñY% jqkq iudj §fï .=Kh m%.K = lsÍu WÑ;h( iudj §u hkq zzffO¾hjka; wêIaGdkhZZ we;s l%shdjls (S.42.43)46' iïnkaO;d w;r iunr;djh we;s lsÍu i|yd iy úkaÈ;hd yd jrolre w;r iqjm;a ùu we;s lsÍu i|yd .egqï wjia:djkays iudj §u w;HdjYH idOlhls' tfia fyhska iudj §fï .=Kdx.h m%;sIaGdmk mßphla jYfhka l=rdKfha fndfyda ia:dk j, wjOdrKh lr ;sfí' kS;s ix.%y j,ska Tíng hk bia,dñl b.ekaùï ;=< m%;sIaGdmk uQ,O¾u ldje§ ;sfí' ;jo" m<s.ekSug jvd jkaÈ f.ùu ^ad-diyat& WÑ; nj bia,dñl uQ,O¾u ;=<ska wjOdrKh flf¾ (S.4:92)47' Ad-diyat hkq >d;khg ,lajQ mqoa.,fhl=f.a mjq,g f.jkq ,nk jkaÈhhs ^nyq,j úYajdi lrk mßÈ zf,a jkaÈhZ fkdfõ&' Ad-diyat f.ùu i|yd jrolre fukau w.;shg m;a md¾Yph tlÕ úh hq;=h' flfia kuq;a" úkaÈ;hdf.a wfmaCIdjka uyckhd ie,ls,su;a jk lreKq iy rcfha wNsu;d¾: j,g jvd jeo.;a ;ekla .kS' jrolre urd ouk f,i b,a,d isàug fyda ad-diyat b,a,Sula fyda fkdlr jrolreg iudj §ug Tyqg$wehg yelsh ^jdia;s" 1989" ms' 64&' Ad-diyat f.úh hq;= jkafka jrolre úiska jk w;r Tyqg th f.ùug fkdyels jkafka kï Tyqf.a mjq, th f.úh hq;=h' Tjqkgo th f.ùug fkdyels kï" th rcfha j.lSu jkq we;' ñh.sh mqoa.,hdf.a mjq,g ksis /ljrKhla ,nd§u Tyqf.a$wehf.a whs;shla fõ' idOdrK ad-diyat m%udKhla b,a,d isàug úkaÈ;hdf.a mjq,g yels kquq;a wjika w.h ;SrKh lrkq ,nkafka úksiqre jrfhl= úisk's Ad-diyat hkq iaÒr mÈxÑhla fkdue;s f.da;%sl wrdì jrekaf.a iudcfha meK ke.=Kq úúO w¾nqo úi|d,Su i|yd uyuqoa;=ud úiska .kq ,enQ úma,j jd§ mshjrla fõ' ft;sydisl lreKq j,ska fmfkk wkaoug mQ¾j bia,dï iudchkays iudc m¾hdh mj;ajdf.k hdug fhdodf.k we;af;a f,a ffjrh fõ' tu m%pKav;ajfha pl%hg ksudjla §ug ad-diyat uQ,O¾uh yryd yels ù ;sfí'

j cid wihs hs w;ska ihs h;=ï ñÜiaWyd *uka w*a j-wia,yd * wcryq w,,a,d ys bka kdyq ,d hqys* *i ikakd ,sñka. l=,a hd-bnd Èh,a ,§kd wiar*q-w,r-wk*isys , glakgq ñ¾ ryau;s,a-,d yska kd w,a, bka k,a,d y h.aìreia iqkq *d cñhd bka kyq yqj,a .*qre re¾ rySï' 45 j,a ,§kd hc;kS*q k lìr,a biañ j,a *dbisõ Bia ud .È*q yqï hya.ao*sre ka 46 j ,uka i*drd j .rd bka kd id,sld ,ñka wiañ,a WuQ-¾ 47 j u-lkd ,suqyañkska whs hla;=, uqñkka b,a,-lay;-ka j uka l;, uqñkka l;wka * ;dysßreka rla*;sï uqñkdya ;ska j bka ld-k ñka lhshqñka *hskl==ï h *&hskayï q ñid-l=ka *dÈh;=ï uqi,a,duoka b,a,d wya,sys j gyßre rl*;sï uqñkay;ska *u,a ,ï hðoa * isyd uq iahya¾hsks uqghs*hsks gWngï ñ^ya&k,a,d-ys j l-k,a,d-yqw,suka ylsu-ka 43 44

3'6 ks.ukh fmkajd ÿka mßÈ bia,dï oyfï hqla;sh ldKav follg wh;a fõ' bka tlla kï úmdlodhS hqla;sh ,nd .ekSu i|yd wmrdO kvq mejÍuhs' fojekqj m%;sIaGdmk hqla;s l%ufõo yryd fjk;a" oxvK fkdjk hqla;sh mis|,Sfï l%shdud¾. we;' hï jrolrefjl=f.a jro iïnkaOfhka ì| fy,sh fkdyels idCIs wêlrKhlg bÈßm;a jQfha kï tu mqoa.,hdg tfrysj ±ä o`vqjï meñKùu fyda urK oxvKh meñKùug wêlrKh úiska lghq;= l< hq;= nj úmdl ,nd§u fõ' bia,dñl oKavk úoHdjg wkqj o`vqjï mx;s folla fõ( l=rdKfha kshu lr we;s o`vqjï ^Ḥudūd and Qiṣāṣ&" iy md,lhdf.a wNsu;dkqidÍ n,;, j,g k;=jk o`vqjï' W,a,x>kh jQ whs;sjdislï j, moku wkqj fuu j¾.SlrKh isÿlr ;sfí' foúhkaf.a whs;sjdislï iy mqoa., whs;sjdislï" o`vqjï ls%hd;aul lsÍug we;s úúO uÜgfï wêlrKuh wNsu;" mkjkq ,nk o`vqjï j, tl;=j iy f;dr;=re tla/ia lsÍfï úúO iïu; wkqj tajd fjkia fõ' flfia kuq;a tajdfha wNsu;d¾;h jkafka idOdrK iudchla f.dvkexùuhs' úmdl ,nd§u muKla wod, lr.ekSu ÿIalr jk wjia:djkays uQ,Huh jkaÈhla (al-diyah) f.ùu jvd;a iqÿiqh' Qiṣāṣ jro hgf;a urK oKavkh ,nd§u fjkqjg ,ndÈh yels o`vqjï w;rg jkaÈ f.ùu (diya) iy ixys¢hdj (Sulha) we;=,;a fõ' úkaÈ;hd úiska isÿlrk ueÈy;aùu i|yd jrolreg uq¿uksku a iudj §u mjd isÿ l< yels w;r" fuh" m%;sIaGdmk hqla;s uQ,O¾u fukau bia,dï oyu iuÕska ;Èkau ne£ we;s uQ,O¾uhls' Sulha hkq jkaÈ ,nd§u fjkqjg lrkakla fkdj tu l%shdj,shgu tlajk wu;r mshjrls' iudj §u fjkqjg Sulha isÿlrk w;r ta i|yd idlÉPd iïuq;s wjYHh' fhdod.kakd t<eUqu úmdl ,ndfok t<eUqulao m%;sIaGdmk t<eUqulao hkak úkaÈ;hdf.a woyia wkqj ;SrKh fõ' mqoa.,fhl= urdoud we;s wjia:dj, hqla;sh b,a,d isàug kS;Suh wêldrhla l=rdKh yryd úkaÈ;hd fj; mjrd ;sfí' ksis úNd. lsÍulska wk;=rej" pQÈ;hd tlS jro isÿlr we;s nj idCIs j,ska fmkakï q lrkafka kï Tyqf.a jrfoa úmdl Tyqg ,ndfok fuka b,a,d isàug úkaÈ;hdg yelsh' tfy;a" tjka ffk;sl ksoyila úkaÈ;hdg ,efnkafka WmfoaYhlao iuÕsk's tkï" hqla;siy.; úmdl ,nd§ula b,a,d isàfï§ úkaÈ;hd idOdrK úh hq;=h' l=rdKfha .eíù we;s ksjerÈ ud¾f.damfoaYk wkq.ukh lrkafka kï wmrdO i|yd úmdl ,nd §u idOdrK iy hqla;siy.;a jkq we;s w;r th ïf,aÉP m<s.ekSula fkdjkq we;' l=rdKfha m%;sm;a;sh jkafka uQ,O¾uhla jYfhka .egqï ksrdlrKhhs' zzixys¢hdj W;=ï fõZZ hkqfjka l=rdKfha ±lafõ (S.4:128)' n¾kaia i|yka lrk wkaoug zzj¾;udkfha§ wúysxidjdoh j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd bia,dóh iudc fmruqK fkd.ekSug lsisÿ foajO¾u jd§ fya;=jla fkdue;s w;r Tjqkaf.ka we;euqka tfia l<hq;= njg fya;= fndfyda ;sfíZZ ^n¾kaia" 1996" ms' 165&' l=rdKfha we;=<;ajk b.ekaùï ish,a,u ixl%dka;sl hqla;s hka;%Kh ;=< m%Odk ;ekla .kakd ixl,am jk hqla;sh iy iduhg .e,fmk tajd jk w;r bia,dï oyfï kñka mjd th fmkakï q flf¾'

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4 jk mßÉfþoh ixys¢hdfõ iqNdrxÑh Y%S ,xldfõ ixl%dka;sl hqla;s uq,msÍï i|yd ,ndfok l%sia;shdks m%;spdrhls zjrolrejka úiska cd;shg odhdo l< l%Erlï h<s Tjqka fj; isÿlsÍug wmg Wjukd ke;' Tjqko a ;ukaf.a ñksi;alu h<s we;s lr .kq we;ehs n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjñka Tjqka fj; ñksi;alu fmkakï q lsÍug wmg WjukdhZZ48 4'1 ye|skù a u zzúkaÈ;hkaf.a fõokdj ms<s.ekSu" jrolrejkaf.a mdfmdÉpdrK iy mßj¾;k" m%isoaêfha iudj whe§ï" iudj §fï l%shd" fmdÿ iaudrl" úúO wdldrfha ;=jd< iqjm;a lsÍu iy ffjrh yd tÈßjdÈlï uev,SuZZ ;=<ska jevodhl in|;d h:d ;;a;ajhg m;alsÍug jEhï orK" ixys¢hdj fjkqfjka jk foaYmd,k lemùula ixl%dka;sl hqla;sh i|yd Wjukdh ^*s,afmdÜ" 2010" ms' 102&' .egqï ksrdlrKh lsÍfï§ l%sia;=ia jykafiaf.a iu:lrK N+ñldjg iyNd.S ùug l%sia;shdks m,a,shg yelshdj we;' l%sia;shdks iïm%odh ;=< fuu ixys¢hdj keue;s woyi wjfndaO lr.kafka iy w¾:ksrEmKh lrkafka flfiao hkak ms<sn|j hï wjfndaOhla fuu mßÉfþoh yryd ,ndfohs' Bg wkqj ixys¢hdj hkq b;d jeo.;a mshjr folla f.k tkakd jQ iqNdrxÑfha wdo¾Yhla fõ' tajdkï" Ydia;DDjrhdKka úiska hqla;sh i|yd iy i;H mejiSu i|yd lrk b,a,Suhs' w¾:j;a ixys¢hdjla ;=< zzi;H fidhd.ekSuZZ i|yd zzi;H mejiSfïZZ jeo.;alu wjOdrKh lrk w;ru zzfy<sorõ lsÍu iqjm;a lsÍu fõZZ hkqfjkao ;¾l lrkq ,efí' tkï ixys¢hdj yryd wmg iqjm;a úh yelsh' hqla;sh iy ixys¢hdj tlsfklska fjka l< fkdyels nj;a" tu ksid" ixys¢hdfõ iqNdrxÑh lf:daml:kfha iy Nla;sh ks¾udKh lsÍfï uQ,sl ,CIHh úh hq;= nj fuu mßÉfþoh yryd wjOdrKh lrkq ,nhs' 4'2 l%sia;shdks m,a,sh iy ixys¢hdfõ Y=NdrxÑh l%sia;=ia jykafia yryd wm iuÕska ixys¢hd.; îudÞk& jQ;a ixys¢hdfõ îudÞkfha& foaj.e;s fiajh ^diakonia& wmfj; ,nd ÿkakd jQ;a foúhka jykafiaf.ka fï ish,a, ,eî we;( tkï Wkajykafiag tfrysj lrk ,o jro fkdi,ld yßñkao ixys¢hdfõ îudÞkfha& mKsúvh (logos) wm fj; Ndr lrñkao l%sia;=ia;=uka yryd foúhka jykafia f,dalh iuÕska ixys¢hd.; jQ fial (2 Cor 5:18-19)' Ydka; mdjq¿;=uka úiska fldßka;s ys lr we;s fuu m%ldYfhka fmkakï q flfrkafka l%sia;=ia;=ukaf.a ixys¢hdfõ îudÞkfha& foaj.e;s fiajh l%sia;shdks m,a,shg Ndrlr we;s nj;a l%sia;shdkqjka hkq ixys¢hd.; jQ;a ixys¢hdfõ kshef,kakdjQ;a m%cdjla jk njhs' foúhka jykafia meyeÈ,sju ixys¢hdfõ wruqK fkdjk w;r tys úIh jk fial' ixys¢hdfõ ukqIH foaj.e;s fiajh i,ldn,k l, mjd ixys¢hdj kï l%shdj foúhka jykafia fj;sku a ,efnkakls' ixl%dka;sl hqla;sh iïnkaOfhka jk iuld,Sk foaYmd,k ixjdofha fmdÿfõ Ndú;d lrk w¾:hg jvd fjkia w¾:hlska mdjq¿;=uka ixys|h s dfõ NdIdj fhdÞf.k ;sfí' m<uqj" mdjq¿;=ukag wkqj ixys|h s djg uq, mqrkafka foúhkajykafia jk kuq;a ixl%dka;sl hqla;s iïm%Þhg wkqj jro isÿlrkakka úiska wdrjq, ksud lsÍug uq,msßh hq;= jk w;r ixys|h s dj <Õd lr.ekSug bosßm;ajk fhdackdj ms<s.ksñka fyd|ys; fmkakqï lsÍug jrog ,lajQ mqoa.,hka lghq;= l< hq;=h ûd¾I,a" 1978&' fojekqj" fldßka;shdkq m,a,sh foúhkajykafia iu.ska ixys|h s djg tlaùu msKsi iudc iy foaYmd,k Ôú;hg nrm;< fjkialï isÿlrkakg úh' f;jekqj" ÿ¾j, md¾Yjh úiska hqla;sh b,a,d isàu iy mrdch jQ md¾Yjh úiska jkaos f.ùu fjkqjg hqla;sh ia:dmkh ù we;af;a ixys|h s dj idlaId;a lr.ekSfï jEhu ;=< jk njla mdjq¿;=ud mjihs( tysoS

(Ntsebeza, 2000a)ys Wmqgd olajd we;' ;u mq;%hd jk l%sif a gdam¾ mSÜ f.a urdoeóu iïnkaOfhka idlaIs ,ndfok wjia:dfõoS iska;shd kaf.jq iajlSh mq;%hd >d;kh l< fmd,sia ks,Odßhdg fuu jpk Ndú;d lrñka iudj ÿkakd h' tuksid" jrolre ukqIHhl= jkafka h' 48

yqjudre folla isÿ fõ' tAjd kï" tosßjdoslï fjkqjg ñ;%;ajh yqjudre lsÍu iy mdmh fjkqjg hqla;sh yqjudre lsÍuhs(2 Cor 5: 18-21).49 frdauka 5( 9-10 ys" mdjq¿;=uka hqla;su;a lsÍu ^hqla;sidOkh ke;fyd;a Od¾ñl lsÍug& iy ixys|h s dj iudk wkaoñka Ndú;d lrhs( zwm t;=ukaf.a reêrfhka hqla;su;a ù we;s fyhska t;=uka úiska wmj foúhkaf.a fldamfhka fírd.kq ksh;h' wm i;=rkaj isák wjêfhaoS Wkajykafiaf.a mq;%hdf.a urKh fya;=fjka wm foúhka jykafia iu.ska ixys|h s d.; jQfha kï ixys|h s dj ilaId;a lr.;a fyhska iy;sl jYfhkau Tyqf.a Ôú; mQcdfjka wmj fírd.kq we;'Z frdauka 5( 1-11 oelafjk wkaoug hqla;sidOkh iy ixys|h s dj ;Hd.hla jYfhka foúhkaykafia fj;ska tlajr ,enqKq oE fõ' mYapd;a;dm ùu i|yd tysoS wdrdOkd flfrkafka iudc-wd¾Ól jYfhka jvd;a n,j;a md¾Yjhg fõ' mYapd;a;dmùu yryd ixys|h s djg zW,a,x>kh lrkakkaZ le|ùfï whs;sh we;af;a m%pKav;ajfha zúkaos;hskg a Z jk njla bka fhdackd flf¾' wjYH flfrkafka l=uk wkaoul mYapd;a;dmùulao hkak ixys|h s dj fidhdhEfï l%shdj,sh ;=< meyeos,s jk l,ays ixys|h s dj idlaId;a lsÍug jEhï oeÍu ;=<ska ukqIHfhda foúhkajykafiaf.a hqla;sh ,nd.ks;s' úúO mqoa., lKavdhï w;r we;sjk ixys|h s dj o ixys|h s d ixl,amhg we;=<;a fõ' l=reih u; ñhhdu yryd l%sia;=iajykafia ñ;Hd,íêlhska iy l%sia;shdkqjka tlu ck fldÜgdYhla njg m;a fldg we;s nj;a" fuu lKavdhï folu tlu isrerla ;=< foúhkajykafia iu.ska ixys|h s d fldg we;s nj;a tla m%n, fþohl mdjq¿;=uka úiska m%ldY lr ;sfí (Eph 2:14-16)50' l%sia;=iajykafia f.a fuu l%shdfõ wruqK jkafka ziduh we;s lrñka" foj¾.hl ukqIHhska fjkqjg tla kj ukqIH j¾.hla ;ukajykafia ;=<ska ìyslsÍuZ fõ(Eph 2:15)' fnÞ fjkalrk ;dmamhla fjkqjg oeka Tjqka w;r we;af;a iduh jk w;r tu iduh l%sia;=iajykafia kï fõ (Eph 2:14)' foúhkajykafiaf.a rdcHfha ixys|h s dfõ mKsjqvh wjYHfhkau Wmojk nj O¾u.%k: a j, i|yka fõ' tu ixys|h s dj hkq O¾uhla fyda ÿrjfndaO ixl,amhla fyda fkdfõ' tA" mqoa.,hls" tA" fhaiqiajykafia h' Wkajykafia foúhkajykafia iy wm w;r we;s ixys|h s dj jk fial' fuu ixys|h s dfõ foajO¾uh l%sia;shdks m,a,shg Ndr fldg we;' meyeos,sju wef.a uQ,sl fufyjr jkafka ixys|h s dj we;s lsÍuhs' tuksid" › ,xldj ;=< isÿjk ixys|h s d fufyjr nrm;< f,i i,ld" ixys|h s dfõ Y=NdrxÑh u; mokï fjñka ixl%dka;sl hqla;sh i|yd WÑ; rduqjla ks¾udKh lrkakg wjYH iyh ,ndoSu wksjd¾hfhkau isÿl< hq;a;ls' 4'3 hqla;sh iy i;H mejiSu i|yd osjeisjrhdKkaf.a le|jqula jYfhka ixys|shdfõ N+ñldj hqla;sh kï f;audj m<uq bihd (Ch. 1-39) ys we;=<;aj ;sfnk w;r cqÞ ys jdih l<" úId, cd;Ska meñK ;u rg wdl%uKh lr;ehs ksrka;rfhka ìhg m;aj isá l=vd cd;Ska follg bihd keue;s Ydia;DDjrhd úiska l< m%ldY tys we;=<;a fõ' m%cdj wNHka;r jYfhka ixys|h s dfjka hqla; jk" widOdrK l%shdjkays ksr; jk lKavdhï iu.ska ixys|h s d jk ld,hla WÞlr .ekSu ms<sn|j hqla;shg bihd;=ukaf.a le|ùfuys i|yka fõ' widOdrKhla isÿj we;s nj n,j;a md¾Yjhka úiska ms<s fkd.kakd wjia:dj, mjd m%cdjla ixys|shdjg uq,mqrkafka flfiao hkak ms<sn| ukd wdo¾Yhla bihd;=uka iy hqla;sh i|yd t;=ud lrk le|jqfuka ,nd.; yelsh' foúhkajykafia úiska hqla;shg l< le|jqu ms<sn|j bihdfõ fndfyda ia:dkj, i|yka jk w;r zÿIag l%shd lsÍu kj;d,kak" hym;a l%shd isÿlsÍug bf.k .kak¦ hqla;sh idlaId;a lr.kak" mSä;hska uqojd.kak" wkd:hska wdrlaId lrkak" jekaoUqjkag lreKd lrkakZ hk mdGfhka fuh jvd;a fyd|ska fmkakï q lr ;sfí(Is 1:16)' foúhkajykafiag mlaImd;S ùu isÿl< yelafla wfkl=;a ukqIHhskg a idOdrKj ie,lSfuka jk nj bihd;=uka ks;ru cqÞ ys mqrjeishkag isyl s < fial( zudf.a ck;dj ;e,Sfuka yd ÿ.Ska fm,Sfuka Tn woyia lrkafka l=ulao@ hkqfjka foúhkajykafia úuik fialZ(Is 3:15)' ieneúkau" kSphska iy ixys|h s dj woyia lsÍug fhdÞ.kakd .%Sl jpkh zyqjudrejZ hk w¾:h .uH lsÍug fhdÞ.kakd jpkh fõ' bka woyiajkafka tosßjdoslu fjkqjg ñ;%;ajh yqjudre lr.ekSuhs' 2 fldßka;s 5(21 ys mdjq¿;=ud ;j;a yqjudrejla jk nj i|yka lrhs( mdmh zO¾ñIagluZ fyda zhqla;shZ iu.ska yqjudre flf¾ ^.%Sl nfiys o fuu jpkh iudkh& 49

50ජුදෙව්වරුන්

හා විජාතිකයන් එක්කරමින් උන් වහන්දේ අප අතර සමඟිය ඇති කළ දේක. උන් වහන්දේ මිනිසත් බව දෙන, ඔවුන් දවන් කළ, ඔවුන් අතර වවරය ඇති කළ, මැෙ බිත්තිය කඩා ෙැමූ දේක. දේ දෙජාතිය, නව මනුෂ්‍යත්වයක් දකා මවා, සමඟිය ඇති කරන පිණිස, උන් වහන්දේ නීති නිදයෝෙ ඇතුළත් වයවේථාාව අවංගු කළ දේක. කුරුසිය කරණදකා දෙන උන් වහන්දේ වවරය නැති කර, දෙවියන් වහන්දේ උදෙසා ඒ දෙජාතිය එක ම ශරීරයක් වන පිණිස සමඟි කර වොළ දේක.

fldkaùug ,lajQ iudc mSvdjg ,la lsÍfï m%;sM,hla jYfhka iuia: cd;shu lvdjegqkq wjia:d we; (Is 1:25)' wysxilhskag Tjqkf a .a whs;sjdislï wysñlr,Sfuka wm je,lsh hq;= nj bihd yryd foúhkajykafia wmg mjik fial(Is 5:23)' n,rys; mqoa.,hska n,j;=kaf.a f.dÿre njg m;a fkdjk nj iy;sl lr.ksñka ñksiqka w;r úksYaphlrejl= jYfhka foõhkajykafia lghq;= lrk fial¦ foúhkajykafia úksiqre jk l,ays hqO jeoSug wdhqO jqjukd fkdfõ" ñksiaiq ;ukaf.a lvq iy fy,a, fjk;a ld¾hhka i|yd fhdÞ.ks;a (Is 2:4)' osjHuh ixys|h s dj ;=<ska m%cdjka h:d ;;ajhg m;ajk wkaou;a iu.s iïnkaO;d we;sjk wkaou;a fmr isÿjQ widOdrKlï uev,k wkaou;a wmg fuysoS oel.; yelsh' bihd;=ukaf.a mKsjqvhg wkqj" zTn Nla;sh we;sj isákafka kï ñi Tng lsisfia;au meje;aula fkdjkq we;Z hkqfjka mjiñka mSvdjg md;%jkakg isÿjQ l,ays wp,j lghq;= l<hq;= nj foúhkajykafia wmg mjik fial(Is 7:9)' fuys wp,j isàu hkq ;ukag wjdisÞhlj ;;ajh b;d m%n, jk wjia:dj, mjd n,dfmdfrd;a;= w;fkdyeÍu fõ' floskl fyda hqla;sh ch.kakd w;r msgqjy,a lrk ,oaojqka wdmiq meñfKkq we;s nj bka isy. s kajkq ,efí' bihd;=ukaf.a fuu l%ufõoh ;=< mSvdj Ñria:dhs lrkakd jQ moaO;sh úfõpkd;aulj ú.%y lsÍu;a n,dfmdfrd;a;= iys; wkd.;hl oelaula" tkï w¿;ajQ iudchla ms<sn| wkd.;jdlH lSul=;a we;=<;a h' zwd.ñl .%k: a j, tk zfpdaokd m%lg lsÍfïZ - zwkd.;jdlH m%ldY lsÍfïZ kHdh ;=<ska mSvdjg uqyK q oSu i|yd iy m%cdj wkd.;fhaoS h:d ;;ajhg m;ajkq we;s nj ksfõokh i|yd b;d m%n, l%ufõohla imhd fohs' tysoS" mj;akd mSvdldÍ moaO;sh fpdaokdjg ,lalr" Bg m%;spdr jYfhka ffjrh iy m%pKav;ajhg hg;aùu m%;slafIam lrkq ,nhs' hqla;sfha md,kh ia:dms; jkq we;ehs wkd.;jdlH mejiSu ;=<ska ish¿u ukqIHhska foúhkajykafiaf.a fïihg idorfhka ms<s.kakd nj Wml,amkh lrkq ,efí' ixys|h s d jEhïj, oaú;aj iajNdjh tysoS mQ¾jdkquk lrkq ,efí( w;S;fha isÿjQ widOdrKlï wjOdrKh lrk w;f¾u ixys|h s dfjka hqla; wkd.;hla ms<sn| oelaula we;s lr.kq ,nhs' thsk"a isÿjQ foa ms<sn|j l:d lsÍug fukau n,mEug ,lajQ m%cdjg bosßfhaoS jqjukd lrkafk l=ulao hkak ms<sn| l:d lsÍug u.mdohs' fpdaokd m%lg lsÍfï uq,a mshjr jkafka hï m%cdjlg tfrysj isÿù we;s widOdrKh y÷kd.ekSuhs' foúhkajykafia úiska m<uq bihdfjys z.jhska fyda neg¿jka ì<smQcd f,i ,ndfokakkaZ .¾Ndjg ,lalsÍu (Is 1:12) ;=<ska wmg fuh hïÿrlg oel.; yelsh' ukqIHhskf a .a oE;a f,hska f;ó we;s l, Tjqka zl, mjq fidaÞyeÍulaZ isÿfkdfõ(Is 1:16)' tA wkqj by; i|yka l< mßos ÿIag l%shdjkaf.ka ÿria ù zhym;a l%shd isÿlsÍug bf.k .kakd fukaZ foúhkajykafia úiska ukqIHhskg a mjik fial(IS 1:16-17)' mQ¾K .re;ajh iy f.!rjh we;sj wkHhkag ie,lSug wfmdfydi;a mqoa.,hska mSvd lsßu kï jrog jrolrejka jk w;r" Tjqkf a .a tu l%shdj hqla;sh WÞlsÍug foúhkajykafia lrk le|ùug mgyeksh'tA fjkqjg" .egquloS fldkaùug ,lajQ lKavdhï foúhkajykafiaf.a f;aÍug ,lajQjka ksfhdackh lr;s' tjka wkqÑ; md,k moaO;s iïnkaOfhka we;s fpdaokd m%lg lsÍfuka wk;=rej bihd;=uka fkdmudj isÿlrkafka mSvd iy whqla;sfhka f;dr f,djla ms<sn|j jk oelau m%ldYhg m;a lsÍuhs' hqla;sjka;fhda iuDoaêu;aNdjfha m%;s,dNh fk,d.kq we;s nj bihd;=uka úiska meyeos,s lr fohs( zfoúhka jykafia hqla;sfhka W;alDIag jQ fial" Y=oaOjQ foúhkajykafia Od¾ñIagNjfhka ;ukajykafiaf.a Y=oaO;ajh fmkakï q lrk fial' neg¿jka ;ukaf.a ;Kìïj, ;K W,dlkq we;" ;rjQ megjqka iy t¿ megjqka kgUqka w;f¾ wdydr nqosñka miqjkq we;Z(Is 5:16-17)' ke.S isg widOdrKh y`v.d kï lsÍfuka" ks¾ñ; ish,a, ;=< iyÔjkh iy hqla;sh wfmalaId lrkakd jQ foúhkajykafiaf.a wfmalaIdj iu.ska wm ish¿fokd tluq;= lrjk nj bihdfõ fmkakï q flf¾' mSvdjg uq,ajk fya;=idOl iïnkaO zfpdaokd m%lg lsÍfukaZ wk;=rej foúhkaf.a leue;a; wkqj wkd.;fhaoS we;sjk iu.sh yd iyÔjkh ms<sn| zwkd.; jdlHZ m%ldYlrkq ,efí' fpdaokd m%lg lsÍfï yd wkd.;jdlH m%ldY lsÍfï fuu kHdh ;=< ixl%dka;sl hqla;sh WÞlr,Sug we;s úNjh b;d mq¿,a h' ixys|h s dj idlaId;alr.ekSfï ud¾.fhys m<uq mshjr jkq we;af;a .egqï yd hqoaOfha Wreuhka iïnkaOfhka jk fpdaokd m%isoaêfha m%ldY lsÍu iy thska we;sjQ m%;súmdl ms<sn|j i;H mejiSuhs' fuu l%shdj,sh ;=<ska úkaos;hskg a f;dr;=re ,nd.ekSfï whs;sh ;yjqre lrfok w;r hqla;sh idlaId;a lr.ekSug cd;sfha we;s lemùu ms<sn| iy;slhla ,ndfohs'bka wk;=rej" wkd.;h ms<sn| kj n,dfmdfrd;a;= we;s lr.ekSu fkdfyd;a wkd.; jdlH mejiSug yelsh' bihd;=uka ;ukaf.a ck;dj fjkqfjka wfmalaId l< wkaoug msgqjy,a l<jqka idorfhka h<s ms<s.ekSu" tkï" úkaos;hsk"a irKd.;hsk"a vhiafmdardj" wNHka;r jYfhka wj;ekajQjka hkdoS md¾Yj idorfhka ms<s.ekSu yryd fuh isÿ l< yelsh' zfYaI jQ fldgila wdmiq meñfKkq we;" fÊlí" tkï" n,j;a ;eke;a;df.ka fYaI jQ fldgila wdmiq meñfKkq we;Z (Is 10:12) hkqfjka 40

bihd;=uka woyia lrkafka ;u ck;djf.a wdmiq meñKSuhs' tfia meñfKkakka w;ßka zfciS keue;s .fia fldgfhka o¿jla yg.kq we;'''Ôjh" m%×fõ iy wjfndaOfha Ôjh Tyq ;=< /f|kq we;Z(Is 11:1-2)' msgqjy,a l<jqka wdmiq meñK úkdYfha hq.h ksudjg m;ajQ l,ay"s whqla;sh h<s we;s fkdjk nj kdhlhska úiska iy;sl lr.; hq;=h" jrolrejka úiska jkaos ,ndoSfï l%shdud¾. imqrd,sh hq;=h" úkaos;hskf a .a wNsudkh h<s ia:dms; l< hq;=h' bihdfõ 10jk mßÉfþofhys Bðma;=fõ iy weisßhdfõ i;=rka tluq;= lrk uydud¾.hla ms<sn|j i|yka fõ(Is 19:23)' tu mßÉfþofha wjidk fldgfia bihd ;=uka hqla;sfha md,kh ;=< fuu uydud¾.h iduh iy iyÔjkh j¾Okh lsÍug fya;=jk nj;a BY%dh,h" weisßhdj iy Bðma;=j zfmdf<da;, uOHfhys jk wdYsxikhlaZ njg m;ajk wkaou;a úia;r lr ;sfí(Is 19:24)' cd;Ska tluq;= jQ l,ays zudf.a ck;dj jk Bðma;=j wdYs¾jdo ,nkafka h" udf.a oE;ska ksujQ weisßhdj wdYs¾jdo ,nkafka h" udf.a Wreuh jk BY%dfh,h wdYs¾jdo ,nkafka hZ (19:25) hkqfjka foúhkajykafia fuu rgj,g mjik fial' cd;Ska tlsfkld iu.ska iy foúhkajykafia iu.ska tAldnoaO jk l,ays hqla;sfha md,kh ;=<ska iduh fmdaIKh flfrk nj fuu fþofhka wmg fmfka' bihdfjka ,efnk m%Odk;u mKsjqvh jkafka ixys|shdj ;=<ska 4'4 ijkaoSug ffO¾hh oSula jYfhka ixys|shdfõ N+ñldj i;H fidhd.ekSu fukau i;H mejiSu o ixl%dka;sl hqla;sh i|yd w;HdjYH jqj;a tjka wNHdihla yryd úkaos;hdf.ka fukau jro isÿl< ;eke;a;df.ka fndfyda oE wfmalaId lrkq ,efí' tkï" i;H mejiSug;a" i;Hhg ijkaoSug;a Tjqka ;=< ffO¾hh ;sìh hq;=h' ;udf.a i;H iy wjYH;djhka fkdìhj m%ldY lsÍug bosßm;aùug wjYHjk ffO¾hh ms<sn|j rla;md; ldka;djka iïnkaOfhka ud¾la;=ukaf.a wkqYdikfha i|yka fõ' tys i|ykajk ldka;dj o 5:24-32 .egqfï úkaos;hska fukau iudcfhka msgqjy,a lrkq we;ehs yd isÿjQ oE ;ukaf.a jroska isÿjqkehs fpdaokd ,nkakg fj;ehs is;d l:d lsÍug ìhjQ" kï fkdlrk ,o" iudcfhka msguka lroeuQ wfhla úh' fuu ldka;dj fjkqfjka lsisjl= l:d fkdl< w;r" n,dfmdfrd;a;= úrys;nfõ fl<jrg meñKisá fuu ldka;dj fhaiqia;=ukaf.a we÷fï jdáh iam¾Y lrñka fydrryfia t;=uka fj; wdhdpkd lrkakh S ^;¾iagka" 1998" ms' 19&' tfia lsÍu ;=<sk"a wjir fkd,nd iqjm;aNdjh b,a,d isàu iïnkaOfhka jk wd.ñl kS;sh mjd weh úiska W,a,x>kh lrkq ,nhs' kuq;a tu ffO¾hiïmkak l%shdj ;=<ska weh ;uf.a iqjm;aùfï iy .e,ùfï l;D njg m;ajkakh S ' iïmQ¾Kfhkau n,dfmdfrd;a;= úrys; ;;ajhla WÞjQ l,ays úma,jldÍ Nla;sh iy l%shdjkays mßj¾;kh we;sfõ' wehg" ;uka fjkqfjka tu l%shdj lrkakgu isÿúh' iqjm;aNdjh ,nd.ekSu i|yd tu ldka;dj ;=< jQ wêIaGdk iy ffO¾hh fya;=fjka ijkaoSug fhaiqia;=uka ;=< jQ wêIaGdkh iy ffO¾hh wjos úh' zud iam¾Y lf<a ljqreo@Z (Mk. 5:30-31) fhaiqia;=uka weiSh' th" úkaos;Ndjhg m;aj" b;d oS¾> ld,hla uq¿,af,a wysñlsßïj,g uqyK q ÿka fuu ldka;dj ,enQ hqla;sfha osjHuh ueosy;aùula u úh' iqjm;aNdjh ,enQ ldka;dj ;uf.a idïm%Þhsl m%cdfjys h<s ia:dmkh lrk ,oS' fuhska fhaiqia;=ud fmkakï q lf<a foúhkajykafia úma,jldÍ iy wkuH wkaoñka mlaImd;S jk tla úIhhla we;s njhs( th hqla;sh hs' ldka;djg ijkaoSfuka wk;=rej fhaiqia;=ud l,ska isá mqoa.,hd fkdj fjkia mqoa.,hl= njg m;aúKs' tysoS" tu ldka;djg ,eìh hq;af;a iqjm;aNdjfha iajrEmfhka tk hqla;sh ñi Bg wvq hula fkdjk nj tysoS t;=ukag isyshg ke.=Ks' m%pKav;ajfha úkaos;hskg a ijkaoSug;a Tjqka jeo.;a nj ie,lSug;a m,a,sh úiska lghq;= l<hq;= jk w;r" iqjm;aùug yd iudcfha we;s m%pKav;ajh ms<sn|j oekqj;aùug Tjqkg wjYH fiajd iemhSug hqyi q q¿ úhhq;=h' tla whl=g ijkaÿka miq ;uka uqyK q ÿka m%pKav;ajh iy wmfhdack ms<sn|j l:d lsÍug wkHhka osß.ekafjkq we;' fuysoS jvd;a fhaiqia;=uka fuka lghq;= lrñka ;uka ksr;jk ld¾hh w;r u. k;r lr fldkaùug ,lajQ mqoa.,hskg a /ljrKh ,ndoS ug hdfïoS ;ukaf.a isrefryso l=Kq jelSu Ndr.ekSug iQÞkï ùfï wNsfhda.h m,a,sh bosßfha we;' úkaos;hskf a .a l:djkag ijkaoS tAjd yryd wNsfhda.hg ,laùug;a fjkiaùug Ndckhùug;a iQÞkï úh hq;=h' fuh" hqla;sh we;slsÍuhs" hqla;sfha foú÷kag lrk iÔù osjqreuls' 4'5 u;lhka iqjm;a lsÍula jYfhka ixys|h s dfõ N+ñldj ixys|h s dj ;=<ska u;lhka o iqjm;a úh hq;=h' iqjm;a fkdjQ u;lhkag w¿ hg .sks mqmqre fuka ixys|h s dj wfmalaIdfõ isÿlrk ´kEu uq,msÍula ojd w¿ lrkakg yelshdj we;' cd;sfNaoh fjkqfjka y`vk.kafkda fmrl, isÿjQ widOdrKlï ms<sn| u;lhka ;=< mqoa.,hska isr.; lr;s' 41

tAjd ienE u;lhka fyda w;sYfhdala;sfhka mejiSï fyda is;ska ujd.;a tAjd úh yelsh' ixys|h s dfõ wkqYdikh yryd ffjrfha u;jdoh ukqIH;ajhg tfrys nj fmkajd foñka tys lv;=rdj uE;a lr mYapd;a;dmùu i|yd ukqYHhskg a wNsfhda. lrhs' ;u u;lhka w¿;a lrkakg ùu úfYaIfhkau úkaos;hskg a b;d fõokdldÍ úh yelsh' ixys|h s dj ;=<ska Bg iqjm;aNdjh ,ndfohs' l%sia;shdkq iïm%Þh ;=< foúhkajykafiaf.a rdcOdksfha ixfla;hla f,i iqjm;aùu ksrka;rfhkau fhdÞf.k ;sfí' fhaiqia;=ukaf.a oelau jQfha fjkajQ yd leã úisreKq ukqIH iudch iqjm;a lsÍuhs' YdÍßl yd udkisl frda.dndO iqjm;a l< t;=udfKda tlS iqjm;a lsÍï .e,jqïlre jYfhka ;u fufyjf¾ ixfla;hla nj mejiQy' foúhkajykafiaf.a rdcOdksh ms<sn| Y=NdrxÑh foaYkd lsÍfï fufyjr mjrd ;u wkq.dñlhska msg;a lr yßk wjia:dj, fhaiqia;=uka ;ukaf.a iqjm;alsÍfï n,h Tjqkg o ,ndÿkay (Lk 9:1-2)' ind;a oskfhaoS iqjm;a lsÍu" ;u yia;fhka wY=oaOhska iam¾Y lsÍu iy wdOHd;añl jYfhka nr Wiq,kakkag iudjoSu jeks l%shd yryd fhaiqia jykafia tl, mej;s iudc-wd¾Ól moaO;shg iy rcfha .uHudk kS;sj,g wNsfhda. lrñka iajlSh iqjm;a lsÍfï fufyjfrys úIhm:h jvjvd;a mq¿,a l<fial' nÿ tl;=lrkakka iu.ska tlaj wdydr wkqNjh" frda.k S a iy iudcfha iam¾Yhg kqiqÿiq hehs ie,l+ mqoa.,hska iam¾Y lsÍu ;=<ska Wkajykafia iudc-foaYmd,ksl iSud wNsnjd .sh fial' fjk;a wkaoulska mjikafka kï fhaiqiajykafia iajlSh iqjm;a lsÍfï foaj.e;sNdjh ;=< iy tA yryd jvd;a idOdrK ukqIH;ajhla ia:dms; lsÍug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jQ fial' fõokdldÍ u;lhka iïnkaOfhka lghq;= lsÍfïoS my; oelafjk foj¾.fha ks.uk M,ÞhS fkdfõ( tAjd kï" w& m%pKav l%shdj, ksr;jQjka ;uka isÿlsÍug iyh ÿka l%Erlï iïnkaOfhka jk oeä jroldÍ yeÕSulska W;amdokh jk fyda wdêm;H m;=rejk wdldrfha wdl,am ;=<ska W;amdokh jk ks.uk" wd& úkaos;hskf a .a fõokdnr u;lhka ;=<ska u;=jk ks.uk" tkï" mYapd;a .egqï ixl+,;d iys;j fõokd ú|skk a ka fyda ÿla.ekú,s u;ska osúf.jkakka fõ' tjka ks.uk fndfydaÿrlg ienE h:d¾:h .uH jk ks.uk fkdjkq we;' tAjd f;dardfírdf.k h<s w¾:ksrEmKh l<hq;=h' wmg" iduqyl s u;lhkaf.a iqjm;alsÍfï .=Kh jqjukd lr ;sfí' 4'5 ixys|h s dj( úmdlÞhS hqla;sh iy m%;sIaGdmk hqla;sh w;r iei|Sula ldyg ld úiska l=uk ;;aj hgf;a iudj osh yelsho hk m%Yk a ol=Kq wm%sldfõ i;H iy ixys|h s d l%shdÞuh ;=< mek ke.S ;sfí' úfYaIfhkau" jrolrejka ;uka isÿl< jro i|yd o~qjï ú|Sug iQÞkï fkdue;sku iy úkaos;hskg a jkaos f.ùug iQÞkï ke;skï" we;eï jro i|yd iudj osh fkdyels nj;a tfia iudj fkdosh hq;= nj;a hk moku u; isg ixys|h s dj ;=< iudjoSfï wruqK úfõpkhg Ndckh ù ;sfí' iudj ,nd.ekSu i|yd l%shdj,shla ks¾udKh lsÍfïoS tA iïnkaOfhka jk l%sia;shdks fhdackd ish¿fokdgu ms<s.; fkdyels nj ;j;a wh fmkajd oS ;sfí' fuu miqìu u; isg fviauka gqgq keue;s kdhl foaj.e;s ;=ud úmdlÞhS iy m%;sIaGdmk hqla;sh w;r fjki meyeos,s lr ÿkafka h' úmdlÞhS hqla;s foajO¾uhg wkqj foúhkajykafia Od¾ñIaGhdg m%;s,dN f.ktk w;r wOd¾ñIaGhskg a o~qjï ,ndfok fial' fN!;sl fi!Nd.H iy hym;a fi!LH mqoa.,hl=f.a Od¾ñl iajNdjh iy Tyqg ,eî we;s foaj wdYs¾jdoh fmkakï q lrhs' ÿ.Snj iy frda.n S j mqoa.,hskf a .a mdmldÍ iajNdjh iy foaj o~qjï fmkakï q lrhs' fcdí hkq Od¾ñlj iy idOdrKj Ôj;a jQjl= jQ w;r" t;=<ska Tyqf.a fi!Nd.H iy hym;a fi!LH iy;sl úhhq;=j ;sìKs' tfy;a" tA fjkqjg" Tyqg ;u .juySIhska wysñfõ" fiajlhska wysñ fõ" mq;=ka yd oshKsjreka wysñ fõ" Tyqf.a YÍrh zysia uqÿfka isg mdÞka;h olajd ;=jd,j,ska .yK úhZ(Job 2:7b). fcdí ú|s fï ÿla .eyeg iy mdmSka N=la;s ú|s fi!Nd.Hh ;=<sk"a hqla;sh ms<sn|j mj;sk ukqIH wjfndaOh u; mokï jk úmdlÞhS hqla;s O¾uh fodaI iys; nj meyeos,sj fmkakï q flf¾' wmf.a Ôú;j, iy l%shdjkays Od¾ñIaG;ajh fya;=fjka wm wksjd¾hfhkau foúhkaf.a ;Hd.hg md;% fkdjk w;r wmf.a iEu múgq l%shdjlau i|yd foúhka jykafia o~qjï fkdlrk fial' úmdl ,ndoSug jEhï lsÍu ;=<ska lsisÞ wjika fkdjk m%pKav;ajfha i¾ms,hla ks¾udKh fõ' wmg wjYH jkafka m%cdjka h:d ;;ajhg m;a lsÍuhs' tlsfkldg iudjoSu ndysr fukau wNHka;ßl iduhg u.mdok w;r kj in|;djhlg uq,mqrhs' ixys|h s dj hkq mYapd;a;dmh iy iudjoSu hk folu we;=<;ajk l%shdj,shls' th m%;sIaGdmk" tkï ke;sjQ foh h<s we;s lrk iajNdjhla .; hq;=h' tys úfYaI ,laIK lsym s hla ;sfí' uq<sku a " tu.ska úkaos;hd hqla;sfha uOHhg f.k ths' tys wruqK jkafka Tjqkg jQ ydksh iqjm;a lsÍu iy wiSudka;sl fm!oa.,sl m,s.ekSïj, ksr;ùfuka Tjqka j,ld .ekSuhs' jrolrejkag tfrysj oeä 42

l%shdud¾. .ekSu fjkqjg úkaos;hskg a jqjukd lrkafka ffk;sl l%shdÞuh jvd;a úksúoNdjhls hqla;ùu" ;u y`vg ijka fokq ,eîu" wmrdOfha ;=jd, iqjlr.ekSug wdOdr Wmldr iy wÞ< wjia:djkays jkaos ,eîu fõ' fojekqj th rch u; mokï jkq fjkqjg m%cdj u; mokï fõ' úkaos;hsk"a jrolrejka" mjq,a" m%cdj"fmd,Sish iy wêlrK ksfhdað;hska hkdoS jQ n,mEug ,lajQ ish¿u md¾Yj we;=<;a lr.ekSu ;=<ska m%;sIaGdmk hqla;sh fuu m%cd yeÕSu h<s we;s lrhs' f;jkqj jrola iïnkaOfhka Tyqf.a$wef.a w; j.lSu mgjñka jrolre tu l%shdj,shg iïnkaO lr.kq ,efí' idïm%Þhsl wêlrK l%shdj,sh ;=< úksiqrka" cQßh iy idlaIslrejka bosßhg tk jrolre" wl¾ukHj o~qju Ndr.kshs' m%cd uQ,sl wêlrK miqìula ;=<" jrolreg úkaos;hdf.a iy Tyqf.a$wehf.a mjqf,a idudðlhskf a .a fõokdj jvd;a iDcqj w;a ú|Skk a g fõ' ;ukaf.ka isÿjQ ydksh y÷kd.ekSug;a th msßhï lsÍug l%u fidhd.ekSu i|yd il%shj Þhl ùug;a fu;=<ska jrolre fmd<Ujkq ,nhs' isjqjeks lreK wmg jvd;a jeä jeo.;alula orhs" tkï" m%;sIaGdmk hqla;sh ms<sn|j nhsn,fha úia;r lr we;' nhsn,fha úia;r jk hqla;sh ;=< ir< o~qjï ,ndoSula fkdj Ief,dï hqla;shla" tkï idOdrK iïnkaO;d h<s ia:dms; flfrk hqla;shla fõ' úmdlÞhS hqla;s mßphka m%;sIaGdmk mßphka iu.ska ñY% lr.; hq;= h' tla w;lsk"a ixys|h s djla fkdue;sj jrog úmdl muKla ,ndfok hqla;sh wd×Þhl hqla;shla fõ' ienE hqla;sfhka m%Yk a h ksjeros lrkakg jEhï orkq ,efí' yels iEu wjia:djlu l%sia;shdkqjka l< hq;af;a oKavkldÍ hqla;sh fjkqjg m%;sIaGdmk hqla;sh fjkqfjka fmkS isàuhs' jrolref.a iy jrog ,lajQjkaf.a hk fomd¾Yjfhau ukqIH;ajh iy .re;ajh h<s we;s lsÍu yryd hqla;sh ms<sn| yeÕSula h<s ks¾udKh lsÍu ;=<ska iudchg iduh iy iyÔjkh f.k tkq we;'o~qjï ,ndoSu óg hï Þhl;ajhla ,ndfokq we;;a" o~qjï ,ndoSfuka muKlau fuh idlaId;a lr.; fkdyel' fm%auh iy mYapd;a;dmh ;=<ska ;u yDoh újD; lrkakg ukqIHhskg a yels jQ l,s foúhkajykafia iEuúglu mjq iudlrk fial' fõokdfjka mSä; jQ m%cdjkaf.a u;lhka iqjm;a lsÍu" Tjqkf a .a fi!LH h<s we;s lsÍu iy wk.;h foi wfmalaId iy.;j ne,Sug Tjqkg Wmldr lsÍu j¾;udk l%sia;shdks wd.ñl kdhlhska bosßfha we;s ld¾hNdrh fõ' Tjqkf a .a tu ld¾hNdrh iqjm;a lrkakka jYfhka fiajfha ksr;úh hq;= jD;a;shla ñi ÿla .ekú,s tla /ia lrk NdKavd.dßl jD;a;shla fkdfõ' 4'6 Ydia;DDjrhdkkaf.a ixjdohla jYfhka ixys|shdj iduh" hqla;sh iy ixys|h s dj idlaId;a lr.ekSu i|yd l%sia;shdkqjka wfkl=;a ,íëka iy wd.ñl u;jdo iys; mqoa.,hska iu. iyfhda.fhka lghq;= l<hq;= fõ' tys wre; jkafka l%sia;shdks f,dalhg wh;a ixjdo fukau wka;¾-wd.ñl ixjdo flfryso m,a,sfha wjOdkh fhduqúh hq;= njhs' wka;¾-wd.ñl" l%sia;shdks wd.u ;=< mj;sk iy wka;¾-jd¾.sl .egqï u.ska hqoaOfha úkaos;hska iu.ska iyÔjkh j,lajd,kq ,efí' wd.ï w;r iy l%sia;shdks wd.u ;=< isÿúh hq;= fuu ixjdoh jvd;a M,ÞhS yd udkqISh lrjkq we;s hï hï ,laIK fhaiqiajykafia iudß ldka;dj iu.ska l< ixjdofha we;=<;aj ;sfí' îug hula b,a,d isáñka tu ldka;dj iu.ska ixjdohlg uq,msrE fhaiqiajykafia ;=<ska ixjdohlg uq,mqrkakg wm o fmd<Ujkq ,efí' wkHhka fj; ióm ùu ;=<ska iïnkaO;d iy tluq; =lu osß.ekafõ' hqfoõjka úiska idïm%Þhslj iudßjrekag fjkiafldg ie,l=jo fhaiqiajykafia iudß ldka;dj iu.ska l< ixjdofhka fmkakï q flfrkafka tjka fjkiafldg ie,lSï mfil,Sfï jeo.;a luhs' ixjdofha yjq,alrejka jYfhka Tjqka fofokd i;H fiùfï ksr; jQ w;r th tlsfkld w;r iu.siïmkak jHdhduhla úh' ;uka iu.ska ixjdofha fhfok yjq,alref.a úYajdi" woyia iy w;aoelSï j,g fhaiqia;=uka iy;sl jYfhkau .rel< kuq;a hqfojqjkaf.a fukau iudßjrekaf.a hk fomd¾Yjfhau wd.ï úfõpkd;aulj ú.%y lsÍugo Wkajykafia fkdmiqng jQ fial' ixjdoh hkq fmdÿ hym; iy ukqIH;ajfha b,lal idlaId;a lr.ekSu ;ld tlaj l%sh lsÍuhs' iudß ldka;dj yd ;uka w;r jQ ixialD;sl ndOl" ia;%smqreI iudcNdj mlaImd;lï iy wef.a wmlS¾;sula ffjjdysl b;sydih mfil,ñka iudß ldka;djg mqoa.,hl= jYfhka .relsÍug;a w.hlsÍug;a fhaiqiajykafia lghq;= l<fial' ixjdohloS fujka mqoa.,uQ,sl t<Uqula fhdÞ.ekSfuka ;uka Wiia hehs is;Su" wkHhka my;afldg i,lk wdl,am iy wdêm;H me;srùug we;s keUqrej wNsnjdhdug yelsjkq we;' wfkldf.a mqoa.,Ndjh" Tjqkf a .a we;s fjkialï we.fhk fuu t<Uqu ;=< wfkld iudkhl= f,i ie,fla' iduh iy ixys|h s dj ;=< tu

mqoa.,Ndjh iy Tyqf.a$ wehf.a uQ,sl whs;sjdislï wjOdrKh l<hq;=h' iudc" ixlD;sl iy wd.ñl mlaImd;lïj,ska Tíng hd yels ksoyila wmg fkdmudj jqjukd lr ;sfí' j;aufkysoS we;súh hq;= wka;¾-wd.ñl ixjdo j, wdrïNl ia:dkh úh hq;af;a wd.ñl úYajdi iy kHdhka fkdjk nj wmf.a w;aoelSïj,ska wmg meyeos,s h' wd.ï úfõpkh lsÍu ;=<ska wka;¾-wd.ñl ixjdohla mek fkdk.shs' fhaiqiajykafia hqfojq iy iudß hk wd.ï foflysu jQ we;eï fnÿïjdoS wd.ñl yd iudc mßphka ms<sn| úfõpkd;aul ú.%yhl fhÿkq fial' t;=<sk"a kj" úuqla;sÞhl Ôjk rgdjlg u. mEosk's tA hgf;a foúhkajykafiaf.a orejka jYfhka iudcfha ish¿fokd tAlrdYS j foúhkag mQcd meje;ajQy' iEu wd.ulu úuqla;sÞhl úNjhla fukau hï hï mSvdldÍ wx. o ;sfí' wd.ï úfõpkd;aulj ú.%y lsÍu ;=<ska iEu wd.ulgu t;=< we;s úuqla;sÞhl iy udkqIShlrK úNjh jeä jeäfhka y÷kd.ekSug iy mSvdldÍ wx. w¾:ldÍ wkaoñka i,lne,Sug yelsjkq we;' j¾;udkfhaoS ixjdoh" ixl%dka;sl hqla;sfha w;HdjYH fufyjrla" wksjd¾h iÞpdrd;aul wjYH;djhla njg m;aj ;sfí' 4'7 iu:lrKh jYfhka ixys|h s dfõ N+ñldj l,amj;akd ixys|h s djla idlaId;a lr.ekSfï wfmalaIdfjka ork ´kEu jEhula ;=< úkaos;hdf.a ish¿u wjYH;d wduka;%Kh úh hq;=h' ch.%dylhska mkjk fhdackd iïu; yryd úkaos;hskf a .a wjYH;d imqrd,kq fkd,nkafka kï iduh wia:djr jkq we;' iu:lrKhg ueosy;aùu i|yd m,a,shg N+ñldjla kshuù ;sfí( hqla;sh iy hqla;sh WÞ lsÍu l%sia;shdks wd.fï uOH.; ixl,amhls' hqla;sh iy Od¾ñl;djh mqreÿmqyK q q lsÍfuka Ief,dï idlaId;a lr.; yelsh' Ief,dï hkq ika;Dma;ùu ke;fyd;a iïmQ¾Kùuhs' ;jo wdrlaIdj" iuDoaêh" iy hqoaOfhka ñoS iduh idlaId;a lr.ekSu o bka woyia fõ' Ief,dï ixl,amh ;=< mqoa.,hdf.a mQ¾K iqnfi; mjqf,a iy cd;sfha iqnfi; iu.ska tAldnoaO lrkq ,efí' ukqIHhdf.a iy foúhka úiska ks¾udKh l< ish,af,ys mQ¾K iqnfi; we;=<;ajk Ief,dï hkq hqla;sh iy Od¾ñIaG;djh mqreÿmqyqKq lsÍfï m%;sM,hls(Isa. 32:17; 59:8)' l%sia;shdkqjka i;= wNsfhda.h jkafka foúhkajykafiaf.a wNsu;h l%shd;aul lsÍuhs" hqla;sh iy Od¾ñIaG;djh mqreÿ mqyK q q lsÍu ;=<ska iduh we;slrkakka fyda iu:lrejka ùuhs (Micah 6:8)' úkaos;hska w;aú|sk m%pKav;ajh ;=<sku a l%sia;shdkqjka hqla;sh i|yd Yla;sh fidhd.; hq;=h' m%pKav;ajh iy wmrdO jgd f.dvke.S we;s ksy`v;djh ì|sh hq;=h' ;uka w;aú|sk n,dfmdfrd;a;= iqkaùfï" fõokdfõ iy fldamfha yeÕSï jokaj,g f.dkqlsÍu u ksoyi ,eîula jkq we;' fuh" hqla;sh idlaId;a lr.ekSfï wfmalaIdfjka iu:lrKfha kshef,kakkag u.fmkajk wdf,dalhla fõ' nhsn,fha tk ú,dm .S ^55& ;=< hful=g ;uka ú|s m%pKav;ajfha w;aoelSï y÷kd.; yels tla ks¾udKYS,S bvls' ijkafokakd fkdokakd iy w;afkdú|s oE ms<sn|j fuu 55 iaf;da;%fha i|ykafõ' b;d oeäj l<ukdlrKh jk fmdÿ ^iy fm!oa.,sl& meje;au iy;sl lr.ekSfï f,dalfhka ñoS újD;jQ;a" ìh we;slrkakd jQ;a iqjlrkakd jQ;a l:k f,dalhg we;=¿jkakg lshjkakdg t;=<ska wdrdOkd lrhs' úkaos;hskg a o ;ukagu ijkafok fuka iy ;u y`v wjos lrk fuka fuu iaf;da;%fha wdrdOkd lrkq ,efí' th" ksy`v;djhg úfrdaO;djh mdkakd jQ mdGhls' ú,dm .S lSu iy ksy`v;djh ì|Su hkq hqla;shg we;=¿ùug uxfm;a ;ekSuls' ú,dm .S lSu w;yeroeóu hkq foúhkajykafia NS;sh yd m%pKav;ajhg iulsÍula yd hqla;sh wysñ lr,Suls' ú,dm .S lsSu hkq idOdrK foúhka jykafiakula fj; úYajdijka; wNsfhda.hla bosßm;a lsÍuls' foúhka iïnkaOfhka jk úYajdih fya;=fjka m%pKav l%shdj kï lsÍug" jrolrejka j.jknj iy;sl lr.ekSug" m%pKav;ajh ksudlsÍfï n,dfmdfrd;a;= o,ajd.kakg iy hqla;sh idlaId;a lrkakg yels fõ' tA wkqj ú,dm .S lSu hkq m%pKav;ajh ksud lsÍu i|yd tla tla ukqIHhd ;=< we;s n,h wjos lsÍfï tla mshjrls' ú,dm .S lSu ;=<ska ijkafokakd o wNsfhda.hg ,la lrhs' wmrdO fyda wmfhdack kï lsÍug fndfyda wjia:dj, ue,slula olajk m,a,sh tjka oE isÿjk nj mjd m%;slafIam lrk wjia:d we;' tuksid úkaos;fhda ksy`vj isá;s' mqoa.,hska iy lKavdhïj,g .re;ajh olajkakd jQ wdldrfha whs;sjdislï ixialD;shla" tlsfklg fjkia m%cdjka w;f¾ n,y;aldrfhka fkdj fmdÿ tlÕ;ajhlska mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk idufha ixialD;shla" mqoa., wkkH;djh ms<sn| yeÕSula 44

mqoa.,hdg ,ndfok wkaofï m%cd wjfndaOhla iy udkj m%cdfõ iyNd.S;ajh iy ksfhdað;;ajh wmg jqjukd lr ;sfí' mqoa.,hska yd m%cdjka ;=< we;s fndfyda ;=jd< kS;Hdkql+, nyqúO;djh m%;slafIam lsÍu olajd osfjk uq,a we;s tAjd h' we;eï wjia:dj, tluq;=Ndjh tAldldr;ajfha kHdhm;%hla úh yels nj;a wd.fï iy ixialD;sfha u;jdohla jYfhka l%shd;aul úh yels nj;a wms okafkuq' ixys|h s dfõ fufyjrg lemjQ m,a,sh tjka u;jdohkag m%;sfrdaOh oelaúh hq;=h' tA fjkqjg ixys|h s d.; úúO;ajh je<|.; hq;=h' ixys|h s d.; úúO;ajh iïnkaOfhka l,amkd fldg ne,Su ;=<ska úúO;ajfhka fmdfydi;a mqoa., iuQyhd foúhka jykafia úiska je<|.kakd wdldrh wjfndaO lr.; yelsjkq we;' furg isÿjQ iduqyl s m%pKav;ajh iïnkaOfhka wm olajk m%;spdrfha wvqjlaj we;af;a o fuhhs' ´kEu wdldrhl w¾:j;a ixys|h s djla i|yd iu:lrKh w;HdjYH fõ' ieneúkau m%;sld¾ñl iy ixys|h s dj we;sl< yels ;;ajhlg m;aùu i|yd" wêlrKhl kS;suh jYfhka wkq.ukh lrk m%;smdlaIsl wdo¾Yfha ld¾hmámdáhla wkq.ukh lsÍfuka fyda jHjia:dÞhlhl wdpdrO¾udkql+, ffk;sl oDIaáhlska tAfoi ne,Sfuka Tíng f.dia l%shd;aulùug m%;sIaGdmk hqla;shg isÿjkq we;' úúO uÜgï ish,a, wdjrKh l< yels wkaoñka th úia;S¾K úhhq;= w;r iu:lrKh iy m,a,sfha wjHdc nyqúONdjh Bg w;sYhska jeo.;ajkafka tA fya;=fjka fõ' 4'8 ks.ukh mqoa.,hska w;r ixys|h s dj iy ukqIH j¾.hd yd foúhkajykafia w;r ixys|h s dj we;slsÍu m,a,sfha fufyjfrys m%Odk;u lreKls' tjka ixys|h s djla ;=<ska iyÔjkfha ixialD;shla W;amdokh lsÍug osßoSfï iajlSh N+ñldj m,a,sh úiska ksrEmKh lrkafka kï wkHhkaf.a fk;ska n,k l, m,a,sh o idOdrK nj fmksh hq;=h' bjekac,SlrKh hkq úuqla;sÞhl hqla;shla iy ixys|h s djla iu.dój m%ldYhg m;alsÍuhs' ke;sù .sh in|;d ixys|h s dj yryd h<s we;s lrñka .egqï ksrdlrKh i|yd iu:lrK N+ñldjla ksrEmKh lsÍug m,a,shg yelsh' fuysoS wjOdrKh flfrkafka isÿj we;s m%pKav;ajh oel fkdie,S isàu fkdfõ' iudj b,a,d isákakkaf.a j.ùu Tjqka úiska iDcqj jro ms<s.ekSu;a iu.ska tlaj bosßm;a úhhq;a;ls' m,s.ekSu fkdj ixys|h s dj wfmalaId lrk m%;sIaGdmk hqla;sh iys;j i;H wduka;%Kh l<yels jkafka túg muKs' W,a,x>k isÿl< whj¨ka tu jro ms<s.ekSug iQÞkïùu u; fuh r\ mj;akd w;r W,a,x>khg Ndckh jQ ;eke;a;d th ms<s.ekSug iQÞkï úhhq;= h' iudfõ i;H iy ixys|h s dfõ hqla;sh meyeos,s jkq we;af;a túg muKs' foúhkajykafiaf.a h:d¾:h ms<sn|j" wm ms<sn|j iy wm tlsfkldg iïnkaO úhhq;= wdldrh ms<sn|j wmf.a oDIaáfldaKh úma,ùh wkaoñka fjkia lrkakdjQ iqiudo¾Y fjkila we;slsÍug l%sia;=iajykafia lghq;= l< fial' Wkajykafiaf.a ir< úOdkh yd kshuh jQfha zuu kqUg fm%au lrkakd fia kqU,d tlsfkldg fm%au l<hq;=hZ hkakhs' tuksid" j¾;udkfhaoS Tn yd Tjqka fjka lrñka bosù we;s wfkalúO ndOl miqlr f.dia Tjqkg fm%au lrkak' tfia lr" foúhkajykafiaf.a ñksiqkaf.ka iukaú; ukqIH m%cdjka f.dvk.kak' yqÿ udkj ysñlï ms<sn| wjOdrKh lsÍulska" wêlrKfhka fyda wú n,h yryd tA i|yd ,ndoS we;s wdrlaIdj ms<sn|j wjOdrKh lsÍulska M,hla fkdjk nj oekgu;a Tmamqù yudrh' jHdmdßl wxYho we;=¿j f,dalfha fndfydafofkla Y=NdrxÑfha úl,amh f;dard.kq oelSu is; ffO¾hu;a lrjhs' iïnkaOùu" cd,lrKh" wi,ajdiSk"a m%cdjka" ixjdo" tlsfkld u; r\ meje;au yd iyl%shd yryd iudc iyÔjkh we;slrk Tjqyq iudc m%d.aOkh f.dvk.;s' uQ,dlD;sj, isÿjk tjka fjkila ;=<ska udkjysñlï o ixys|h s dfõ Y=NdrxÑ iqiudo¾Yh keue;s jvd;a mq¿,a oDIaáfldaKh ;=<g we;=<;a lr.kq we;'

wdfY%ah .%ka: ,hsia;=j Arriaza, L. J., & Roht-Arriaza, N. (2010). Weaving a Braid of Histories: Local Post-Armed Conflict Initiatives in Guatemala. In R. Shaw, & L. Waldorf, Localizing Transitional Justice: Interventions and Priorities after Mass Violence (pp. 205-227). Stanford,CA: Stanford University Press,. Assefa, H. (2005). Reconciliation. Challenges, Responses and the Role of Civil Society. In P. van Tongeren , People Building Peace 2, Successful Stories of Civil Society (pp. 637-645). London: Lynne Rienner. Bar-On, D. (2007). Reconciliation Revisited for More Conceptual and Empirical Clarity. In J. BecNeumann, Darkness at Noon. War Crimes, Genocide and Memories (pp. 62-84). Sarajevo: Centre for Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Studies. Bar-Tal, D., & Bennink, G. (2004). The Nature of Reconciliation as an Outcome and as a Process. In Y. Bar-Siman-Tov, From conflict resolution to reconciliation (pp. 11-38). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Bash, A. (1997). Ambassadors for Christ: An Exploration of Ambassadorial Language in the New Testament. Mohr Siebeck. Bell, C. (2009). Transitional Justice, Interdisciplinarity and the State of the ‘Field’ or ‘Non-Field’. The International Journal of Transitional Justice, Vol.3,No.1,pp.5-27. Bloomfield, David; Barnes , Teresa ; Huyse , Luc. (2003). Reconciliation after Violent Conflict. A Handbook. Stockholm: International IDEA. Burn, G. L. (2010). Land and Reconciliation in Australia: A Theological Approach. University of Exeter: Doctoral Theses. Dorr, D. (2000). Mission in Today’s World. Dublin: Columba Press. Fischer, M. (2011b). Transitional Justice and Reconciliation: Theory and Practice. In B. Austin, M. Fischer, & H. J. Giessma, Advancing Conflict Transformation: The Berghof Handbook II (pp. 405-430). Opladen, Farmington Hills: Barbara Budrich Publishers. Gowing, R. (2016, August 18). LST International Development. Retrieved from www.lse.ac.uk/depts/ID: http://www.lse.ac.uk/internationalDevelopment/pdf/WP/WP138.pdf Isaacs, A. (2009). Truth and the Challenge of Reconciliation in Guatemala. In J. R. Quinn, Reconciliation(s): Transitional Justice in Postconflict Societies (pp. 116-146). Montreal:: McGill-Queen’s University Press. Kriesberg, L. (2004). From Conflict Resolution to Reconciliation. In Y. Bar-Siman-Tov, From Conflict Resolution to Reconciliation (pp. 81-110). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Kritz, N. (2009). Policy Implications of Empirical Research on Transitional Justice. In H. van der Merwe, V. Baxter, & A. R.Chapman, Assessing the Impact of Transitional Justice. Challenges for Empirical Research (pp. 13-22). Washington : Washington DC: USIP. Lobo, G. (1993). Church and Social Justice. Gujarat: Gujarat Sahitya Prakash. Lundy, P., & McGovern, M. (2008). Whose Justice? Rethinking Transitional Justice from the Bottom Up. Journal of Law and Society, Vol.35,No.2, pp.265-292. Marshall, C. (2001). Beyond Retribution: A New Testament Vision for Justice, Crime, and Punishment. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans. Marshall, I. H. (1978). The Menaing of Reconciliationin. In R. Geulich, Unity and Diversity in New Testament Theology (pp. 117-32). Grand Rapids: Eeerdmans. Martha, M. (1998). Between Vengeance and Forgiveness. Facing History after Genocide and Mass Violence. Boston: Beacon Press. McCandless, E. (2001). The Case of Land in Zimbabwe: Cuase and Conflict, Foundation for Sustained Peace. In M. Abu-Nimer, Reconciliation, Justice, and Coexistence: Theory and Practice (pp. 209-234). New York, Oxford: Lexington Books. Mendez, J. (2001;15(1)). National Reconciliation, Transnational Justice, and the International Criminal Court. Ethics and International Affairs , 25-44. Merkel, H. (2004). χαταλλάσσω, άποχαταλλάσσω, χαταλλάγή. In h. Balz, & G. M. Schneider, Exegetical Dictionary of the New Testament volume 2 (p. 261). Eerdmans. Ntsebeza, D. (2000a). A Lot More to Live For. In W. James, & L. Van de Vijver, After the TRC, Reflections on truth and reconciliation in South Africa (pp. 103-108). Cape Town: David Philip Publishers. Philpott, D. (2010). Reconciliation: A Catholic Ethics for Peacebuilding in the Political Order. In R. J. Schreiter, G. Powers, & R. Scott Appleby, Peacebuilding,Catholic Theology, Ethics, and Praxis (pp. 92124). New York: Maryknoll:Orbis Books. Philpott, D. (Fall 2007; 61,1). What Religion Brings to the Politics of Transitional Justice. Journal of International Affairs, 93-110. 46

Puvath Reader. (2016, August 18). Retrieved from http://puvath.lk/: http://www.puvath.lk/news.php?newsid=183929&hl=en Quinn, J. R. (2009). What of Reconciliation? Traditional Mechanisms of Acknowledgment in Uganda. In J. R. Quinn, Reconciliation(s): Transitional Justice in Postconflict Societies (pp. 185-187). Montreal: McGill-Queenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s University Press. Stover, E., & Weinstein, H. (2004). My Neighbour, My Enemy. Justice and Community in the Aftermath of Mass Atrocity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Thurston, A. (1998). Knowing Her Place: Gender and the Gospel. New York: Paulist Press. Totu, D. (1999). No Further without Forgiveness. London: Rider. Volf, M. (1996). Exclusion and Embrace: A Theological Exploration of Identity, Otherness, and Reconciliation. Nashville: Abingdon Press. Volf, M. (2001). Forgiveness, Reconciliation, and Justice: A Christian Contribution to a More Peaceful Social Environment. In R. Helmick, Forgiveness and Reocnciliation: Religion, Public Policy, and Conflict Transformation (pp. 27- 49). Pensylvania: Templeton Foundation Press. Wilson, R. (2001). The Politics of Truth and Reconciliation in South Africa: Legitimizing the Post-Apartheid State. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .

ks.ukh zwúysxidjdoh jqjukd jkafka n,h i|yd fkdj i;H i|yd fõ' Wmfhda.l s fkdjk th wkd.;h fy<s lrkaklsZ ^f;dauia u¾gka& m%pKav;ajfha ixialD;sh iy urKh Ôjk rgdjla njg m;aù we;s rgl ixl%dka;sl hqla;sh WÞlr,Su i|yd kj Ñka;khla jqjukd fõ' tA i|yd kj uyck u;hla iy iduh i|yd we;s lr.kakd kj o¾YkjdoS iy foajO¾ujdoS mokula jqjukd h' uQ,sl jYfhkau wm úiska wm ;=< ls\ nei we;s l,yldÍ nfõ uq,a fidhd hd hq;= h' wmf.a wNHka;ßl f,dalh ;=< we;s widOdrKh yd kmqr lv;=rdfjka uE;a lr wdOHd;añl ie;alulg wmju Ndckh lr.ekSfuka wk;=rej muKs wmg wm wjg mßirfha we;s kmqre n,fõ. fidhd.ekSug;a tAjd iïnkaOfhka l%shd;aul fjñka iduh osß.kajkakjqka njg m;aùug;a yelsjkafka' furg ;=< iduh osß.kakj a kakka njg m;aùu t;rï ckm%sh fufyjrla fkdfõ' ùrhl= jYfhka .re;ajh ,nkafka hqla;sh yd udkj ysñlï fjkqfjka igka josk zigkaldñhdZ muKs( fuu l,yldÍ NdIdj miq.sh oYl lsym s fha we;s jQ fndfyda u;jdo iy m%;sm;a;s ;=<g ldjeoS ;sfí' tuksid j¾;udkfhaoS wmg jqjukd jkafka hqla;sh fjkqfjka igkajosk igkaldóka fkdj iduh f.dvk.kakjqka fõ' wmg jqjukd jkafka ;ukaf.a yeisÍfï iDcqnj iy ;ukaf.a ;¾lj, wjHdc;ajh fya;=fjka wkHhkaf.a úYajdih iy iyfhda.h oskd.kakd whj¨ka h¦ b;du;a krl w;g yereKq ;;ajhkayo s S mjd udkqISh iam¾Yh fhdÞ.ksñka yoj;a mßj¾;khg ,la lsÍug yelshdj we;s whj¨ka h¦ ienE .eg¿ ;ukaf.a wd;au-wyxldrfha wjYH;djhkaf.ka" Tjqka W.;a wkuH u;jdohkaf.ka" wÞ< fkdjk foajO¾uhkaf.ka iy ;uka ms<sf.k we;s l,ska ;SrKh l< úúO ia:djrhkaf.ka fjkafldg y÷kd.; yels whj¨ka h' tys wre; jkafka wmf.a fuu fm!rdKsl foaYfhys Yla;su;a ixialD;Ska iy YsIaGdpdrhkaf.a iïm;a iïNdrfhka wm m%fhdack .;hq;= njhs' wm Wreulï lshk jákdlï iy wd.ñl iïm%Þhka ;=< jvd;a .eUqrg uq,anei.;a oE fiùug wm úiska lghq;= fkdl,fyd;a wmf.a fY%aIaG w;S; YsIaGdpdr iy iu.dó ixialD;Ska iïnkaOfhka wm;=< we;s wdvïnrh w¾:úrys; jkq we;' tA wkqj" hqla;sh iy iduh iys; rgla f.dvkexùu i|yd jk ck tluq;= jHdmdr fm<Uùu iy fmdaIKh lsÍu i|yd wmf.a ish¿u wd.ï iy ixialD;Skf a .a we;s iïm;a jqjukd fõ' ksis whqßka tla /ialr fufyhjkq ,enqjfyd;a yd wjYH oE ,ndÿkfyd;a udkj ysñlï W,a,x>k iïnkaOfhka hqla;sh iy j.ùu idlaId;a lr.ekSug" iyNd.S;aj md,kh osß.kajñka iajlSh m%cdjkag kdhl;ajh oSug iy idu wOHdmk{hska jYfhka lghq;= lsÍug wd.ñl m%cdjkag yels h' wd.ñl m%cdjka iy wd.ñl kdhlhska i;= wdOHd;añl" iÞpdrd;aul iy iudc j;alï fhdÞ.ksñka ixl%dka;sl hqla;s fuj,ï i|yd iDcqju Wmldr lsÍug yels w;r t;=<ska mqoa. , uÜgñka" lKavdhï ;=< iy m%cdjka w;r isÿjk ixys|h s d l%shdj,s i|yd iyh ,ndosh yelsh' hqla;sh iïnkaOfhka jk wd.ñl mokulska hq;a ixl,am i|yd wdOHd;añl mokula ,noSug;a idu wOHdmkh ,ndoSug;a wd.ñl m%cdjkag yelsh' hqla;sh iy udkjysñlï iïnkaOfhka Ndr.kq ,nk j.lSu ks¾jpkh lsÍu i|yd wjYH oE iajlSh wdOHd;aul;djfhka Wlyd .ekSug ish¿u wd.ñl iïm%Þhkag yelshdj ;sfí' iajlSh wkq.dñlhska fm<Uùug" ixl%dka;sl hqla;sfha m%Odk lafIa;%j, ;sridr;ajh iy;sl lr.kakg Þhlùug" tkï" i;H fiùug" hqla;shg" jkaos f.ùug" ixys|h s djg iy h<s we;sùu j,lajd.ekSug Þhlùug wd.ñl b.ekaùï fhdÞ.; yelsh' nrm;< udkj ysñlï W,a,x>k isÿjq m%cdjka ;=< iqjm;aùu iy ixys|h s dj fmdaIKh lrkakg we;s yelshdj o wd.ñl m%cdjka i;= wdOHd;añl j;alï w;rg we;=<;a fõ' iudj b,a,Su" mYapd;a;dmùu iy iudj oSu jeks woyia m%ldY l<yels l%u wd.ñl m%cdjka ;=<ska ,nd fohs' wd.ïj, we;s iÞpdr uQ,O¾u iy jákdlï ixl%dka;sl hqla;s l%u iy l%shdj,s jvd;a fyd|ska uyck;dj iu.ska iïnkaO flfrk wkaoñka yev.eiaùug fya;= fjhs' o~qjï yd úmdl ,ndoSfï l%shdj,s wNsnjd hñka ixl%dka;sl hqla;sh yd udkj ysñlï iu.ska iïnkaOù uki mßj¾;khlg ,la lsÍug;a wdOHd;añl iy .re;aj jákdlï h<s ia:dms; lsÍug;a wd.ñl m%cdjkag yelshdj ;sfí' ixl%dka;sl hqla;s iy m%cd;ka;%jdoS l%shdj,s ;=< ie,lshhq;= N+ñldjla ksrEmKh lsÍug wd.ug yels h' i;H" hqla;sh" h<s isÿ fkdùu iy ixys|h s dj i|yd jk fldñIka iNdj" i;H fiùu i|yd jk w;=reokajQjka ms<sn| ld¾hd,h" úfYaI wêlrKh hka;%Kh iy jkaos f.ùu i|yd jk ld¾hd,h hk uQ,sl lafIa;% y;rla i|yd wd.ïj,ska fhojqï ,nd.eksfï yelshdj ;sfí' cd;Hka;r wmrdO wêlrKfha kS;s iy ld¾hNdrh" udkj ysñlï" cd;sl wêlrK l%shdj,Sky a s hymßphka fjkqfjka fmkSák iy ixys|h s dj idlaId;a lr.ekSug jEhï ork úkaos;hska yd 48

m%cdjka fj; iyh ,ndfok hqla;s iy idu fldñIka iNd hkdosh ms<sn|j ;ukaf.a m%cdjka oekqj;a lsÍug lghq;= lsÍu ;=<ska ixl%dka;sl hqla;s uq,msÍï bosßhg f.khdug wd.ñl kdhlhskg a yels h' i;H yd ixys|h s d l%shdj,s i|yd wd.ñl há;,myiqlï fhdÞ.; yelsh' úfYaIfhkau" wd.ñl m%cdjkays mj;akd mq¿,aj jHdma; jQ iudc wdh;k yryd m%cd uQ,sl l%shdj,s i|yd iyh ,ndosh yelsh' cd;sl uÜgñka flfrk lghq;=j,oS o .egqfï úldYfhys iEu wjêhloSu ixjdoh" iduh iy ixys|h s dj i|yd myiqlï i,ikakg wd.ïj, iyh me;sh yelsh' fndfyda wjia:dj, idu l%shdj,s iïnkaOfhka miqúmrï lsÍu iy tAjd l%shd;aul lsÍu ms<sn|j rch md¾Yjfhka M,ÞhS uÜgul wjOdkhla iy lemùula fkdue;s njla fmfka' .egqug fya;=mdol jQ uQ,sl fya;= wduka;%Kh fkdl<fyd;a udkj ysñlï wmfhdack os.k s a os.gu isÿjkq we;' tuksid" ;srir iduh" hqla;sh" ienE ixys|h s dj iy isú,a iudch h<s f.dvkexùu i|yd flfrk m%dfoaYh S uq,msÍï iy uyck;dj iy rch w;r úYajdih h<s f.dvkexùu i|yd iyh ,ndoSug;a w;aje,a ne|.ekSug;a wd.ï fj; wdrdOkd lrkq ,efí' i;H fidhd.ekSug iy w;S;fha isÿ jQ widOdrKlï wduka;%Kh lsÍug we;s wjYH;djh fuu l%shdj,sh ;=< b;d jeo.;a fõ' fïjd iïnkaOfhka l%shd fkdl<fyd;a bosß mrïmrdjka o .egqï h<s we;sùfï ;¾ckhg uqyK q mdkq we;' iduh f.dvkexùfï fyda iduh foaYkd lsÍfï l%shdj,sh ;=< udkj ysñlï W,a,ax>kh iïnkaOfhka wmrg i;= Wreuh o i,ldne,sh hq;=h' udkj ysñlï W,a,x>k hkq .egqïj,g iïnkaO rgj, nyq<j olakg ,efnk ,laIKhls' nrm;< udkj ysñlï W,a,x>k" wd.u fyda ckj¾.h fya;=fjka hï lKavdhula úkdY lsÍug jEhï oeÍu jeks l%shd hï iudchla mrïmrd .Kkdjla hkf;la n,mEug ,la lsÍug iu;a h' udkj ysñlï wmfhdackhg ,la lr o~qjï fkd,nd isák md¾Yj we;af;a kï" tjka iudchl M,ÞhS .egqï mßj¾;k" ixys|h s dj iy iduh f.dvkexùu ndOdldÍ jkq we;' jrog o~qõï fkd,nd ksoyiaj hdug tfrysj wd.u ;u ysi tiúh hq;= jk w;r" t;=<ska udkj ysñlï W,a,x>k iy widOdrKlïj, kshe¨Kka ;ukaf.a l%shd iïnkaOfhka j.jk nj iy;sl lr.; hq;=h' ukqIH;ajhg tfrysj wmrdO lsÍu iïnkaOfhka fpdaokd ,ndwe;s whg tfrysj kvq mejÍug myiqlï i,ikakd jQ ia:djr wmrdO wêlrKhla we;s lsÍu i|yd wd.ï ;ukaf.a iyh ,ndoSu iqÿiq jk w;r tu b,lalh idlaId;a lr.ekSug iyh jkq msKsi WÑ; WoafoaYk lghq;= isÿlsÍu Ndr.; hq;= h' fufia" iduh iy ;srir ixj¾Okhg iyh ,ndfokq msKsi nyq wd.ñl ixjdo iy iyfhda.; S d bosßhg f.khdu i|yd wd.ñl kdhlhskg a wdrdOkd lrkq ,efí' .egqï mßj¾;khg ,la lr ;srir ixj¾Okh bosßhg f.khdu" iduldó iyÔjkh iy wd.ñl úúO;ajhg .re lsÍu osß.ekaùu" ne;su;a m%cdj ;=< fukau bka mßndysrj iu:lrKh iy .egqï ksrdlrKh osß.ekaùu" ixjdo iy fnÞyÞ.;a fõosld yd jevigyka yryd wka;¾-wd.ñl iyfhda.; S djh osß.ekaùu iy isú,a lKavdhï w;r iyfhda.; S djh i|yd myiqlï ie,iSu hkdosh tjka jEhul wruqKq w;rg we;=<;a jkq we;' wd.ñl m%cdjka o we;=¿j rdcH yd rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkj, wdh;ksl YlH;d j¾Okh" ffk;sl moaO;s iy md,k jHyhka Yla;su;a lsÍu" oS¾>ld,Sk wOHdmk lghq;= isÿlsÍfï j.lSu Ndr.ekSu" WoafoaYkh iy l,amj;akd iduhla WÞlsÍug .kakd l%shdud¾. hkdosh iduh f.dvkexùug we;=<;a fõ' udkj ysñlï W,a,x>k iïnkaOfhka j.ùu iy hqla;sh idlaId;a lr.ekSug ork jEhïj,oS jeo.;a N+ñldjla ksrEmKh lsÍug;a iyNd.S;aj md,kh osß.ekaùu ;=<ska ;ukaf.a m%cdjkag kdhl;ajhoSug;a idu wOHdmk{hska jYfhka l%shd lsÍug;a wd.ñl m%cdjkag yelsh' wd.ñl kdhlhska úiska l<hq;= wka ish,a,gu jvd jeo.;a ld¾hh jkafka ixys|h s dj idlaId;a lroSug bosßm;a ùuhs' ixys|h s dfjka iqjm;aùu ,ndfohs' j¾KfNaojdofhka miqj wm%sldfõ isÿl<dla fuka iEu osia;%slalhlu w;H iy ixys|h s dj i|yd fldñIka iNdjla we;sl< hq;=h' tjka ;;ajhkayo s S wd.ñl kdhlhska W;afm%arl jYfhka l%shd;aul úhhq;= w;r iqjm;alsÍfï ldrlhka jYfhka lghq;= l<hq;=h' tu.sk"a wi;H lgl;d mrdch lrk jHy ks¾udKh l<hq;= h' wd.ï iïnkaOfhka hym;a m%;srEm m%j¾Okh lsÍug iy w;S;fha u;lhka iqjm;a lsÍu i|yd jEhï oeÍug › ,xldfõ wka;¾-wd.ñl uOHia:dk fhdÞ.; hq;=h' ixys|h s dj flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lsÍfïoS wd.ñl kdhlhska úkaos;hska isákakd jQ ìï uÜgu flfrys wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;=h' úkaos;hskf a .a uÜgñka ixys|h s dj idlaId;a lr.ekSug fkdyelafla kï idu .súiqïj,ska idlaId;a lr.kak lsisjla ke;' wd.ñl kdhlhskf a .a iyNd.S;ajh ;=<ska ixl%dka;sl hqla;s uQ,O¾u i|yd iÞpdrd;aul jrula ,ndfohs' fndfyda wjia:djkay"s foaYmd,{hskg a m%cdj ;=< fkdue;s n,hla iy úYajdihla wd.ñl 49

kdhlhskg a ;sfí' idu wOHdmkh yryd wd.ñl wka;jdoh iy wkH u; fkdbjiSu m%;slafIam l< yels iqúfYaIS ia:dkhla wd.ñl m%cdj i;=h' fuu wOHdmkh ,ndoSu hkq wd.ñl ksldhkays wdOHd;añl m%;sixialrKhla fõ' ijkaoSu" ;yjqre lsÍu" m%Yk a lsÍu" tlaj fiùfuys ksr;ùu" iu uÜgfï úreoaOjdoSka iu.ska ks¾udKd;aul ixjdohkays fhoSug mqoa.,hskag u. fmkaùu hkq wd.ñl kdhlhskg a iajlSh ld¾hNdrh imqrd,Sug .;yels l%shdud¾. w;ßka lsym s hla fõ' wmf.a ixialD;sh ;=< wd.ñl Nla;sh" m%cd iyÔjkh" mjq,g ,eosùu" fm%auh" ohdj" iEu i;ajfhla ms<sn|ju ie,ls,su;aùu" Ôú;hg mQ¾K jYfhka .re lsÍu" ueÿï ms<sfj; wkq.ukh lsÍu" uOHia:;j" iunr;dj iy Wiia b,lalhla ;ld w;ayeÍu w.hfldg i,lkq ,efí' fïjd iy wmf.a iïm%Þfhys we;s ;j;a fndfyda jákdlï › ,xldfõ ixl%dka;sl hqla;s hka;%K ms<sn| wmf.a idlÉPdjg we;=<;a lr fkdue;' wkd.ñl iÞpdrh mqoa.,hskg a iïnkaO fkdfõ" tfy;a wd.ñl b,a,Sï mqoa.,hskg a iïnkaO h' tys wre; jkafka Ydia;DDjreka i|y wjYH;djhla mj;sk njhs' th" iqjm;a lrkakka jYfhka ñi ÿla.ekú,s ;ekam;a lrf.k isákakka jYfhka kshe,sh hq;= jD;a;shla fkdfõ' tA i|yd jqjukd jkafka hqla;sh iy iduh i|yd iudch yev.eiaúh yels yev.iajkakka fõ' Tjqk"a ixl%dka;sl hqla;sfha wdOHd;añl uQ,h iy tys l=¿Kq ;=< .eíj we;s jákdlu wjfndaO lr.ekSug u.fmkaúh yels Ydia;DDjreka fõ' j;aufkys wd.fï iy wd.ñl kdhlhskf a .a ld¾hNdrh fuhhs'