Informal Economies and Spatial Landscape of Kitintale, Kampala Uganda. “The arrival city is far more than a pile of housing. Its residents are connected in complex networks and use the space as a source of upward mobility by operating businesses and informal enterprises there. Doug Saunders (2011)
Ndeshipanda Iita Masters Portfolio
Acknowledgments I would like to thank with deep gratitude the following people who through the years have armed me with strength and love in my pursuit to a Masters in Architecture. ‘MEME’ Peneyambeko Iita thank you for always believing in me over the years, the financial support and the late night drives from studio and back. ‘TATE’ Victor Iita your constant interest in my work has inspired me to push the envelope.
Elao Martin words can not sum up the gratitude I feel. Thank you for the late night insightful conversations. I love you all. To studio 15(X) Prof Finzi and Mr Jabu Absalom Makhubu thank you for the guidence.
Unit Statement
‘To produce knowledge not only for its own sake but more so for its practical usefulness in changing the world for the better.’ Soja (in Myers. E (2014)
spoke to the potential of their sites.
Unit 15(X) Radical Landscapes contributes to the transformative pedagogy in teaching of architecture in the GSA in three ways. Firstly, it challenges students to explore ethical practice of architecture, urban design and landscape design by introducing them to contexts that are termed as being dynamic, fluid, informal, invisible, and marginal, normally laying on the periphery of the city contexts, physically, but yet play a vital role in the economy of formalized sections of the cities. In exploring their projects students are encouraged to work across the traditional disciplinary boundaries (architect, urban designer or landscape architect) in order to discover alternative ways of thinking about design. Secondly, Unit 15(X)’s approach allows students to embark on a search-for-their-project by identifying the “forces”, (the X In the name of the Unit) that shape and form public space, architecture and landscape. This process allows student to develop an emotive connection to the project that is necessary for developing alternative design interventions or strategies that we term – the Radical. Thirdly and , Unit 15(X) adds to the repertoire of the GSA Units by exploring issues of design that address the post-colonial and postmodern developmental challenges of cities in Africa in order to contribute to design of future African cities.
UNIT 15(X) - MAJOR DESIGN PROJECT & MINOR DISSERTATION 2018
The site of investigation of Unit15(X)’s theme of Radical Landscapes in 2018, were the peripheral wetland settlements on the shores of Lake Victoria in Kampala, Uganda. METHODOLOGY Unit 15(X) used a case-study method that employed haptic processes of investigation that included site visits, ‘actor’ narratives and collage as a radical ways of understanding: the memories; important places; and everyday-situations of perilous wetland sites. Three peripheral settlements of Namuwongo, Kitintale and Kirombe on the edge of wetlands of the Lake Victoria in Kampala were used as case studies to explore the theme of Radical Landscapes. Further haptic methods included sketching and journaling of activities and conditions within the wetland settlements in order to become more aware of the challenges and potential of these sites through reflective and reflexive processes. Thirteen assignments were issued to Unit 15(X) students over the year to initiate the process of understanding the context of wetland settlements and to discover the challenges, develop arguments for their projects , and finally to identify opportunities for design intervention. The assignments also enabled student to explore with representation of their design projects in ways that
In 2018, Unit 15(X) Radical Landscape engaged students in projects that challenge students’ thinking about architecture, urban design and landscape. The word ‘radical’ implies a drastic shift from the conventional way of doing things. In Unit 15(X), it is used to suggest that designers of the environment in our context have to fundamentally change their approach to design in response to unique African challenges and in this Unit, this change begins by not prescribing projects to students, but to lead students, through a process of discovery, to their relevant projects. Unit 15(X)’s premise is that in order to change the practice of design, change has to start with transforming how it is taught. Unit 15(X)’s interest in wetlands stems from the fact that nothing in the wetland has been designed by an architect, landscape architect, urban designer or planner, yet vibrant communities that are integrated and resilient do exist within them. These wetlands, which can be viewed as radical landscapes, transitional spaces between ecosystems that provide opportunities for housing, food farming, landscape planting, material harvesting and recreation. Wetlands settlements, as the students discovered, are the first point on entry to cities by migrants; rural or international and this phenomenon is continuing to grow in many cities across the continent of Africa.
Their importance in transformation of African cities is receiving increased attention by urban scholars and environmental and planning authorities. Understanding human interactions with the wetland settlements and ecosystems offers Unit 15(X) students the opportunity to develop creative design responses to alternative forms of city-making, which we term Radical landscapes. Illegal as these wetland settlements may be, they hold vital knowledge for future designers about how the landscape can improve the human condition. The lessons for creativity in such uncertain, desperate environments are not normally the starting point of design in the design studio. Unit 15(X) Radical Landscapes encouraged students to use the reflexive and reflective processes of design thinking, as tools with which to proposed new speculative ideas about sustainable spatial configuration of wetland settlements. Through this approach to design, Unit 15(X) aims to develop spatial practitioners, who can make meaningful contribution to the cities of developing world, by searching for new ways in which cities can incorporate vast populations of informal dwellers into the cities. Unit 15(X) further aims to develop trans-formative architectural and design practices by challenging students and practitioners to engage in ethically motivating projects that explore socio-environmental issues such as peripheral settlement, environmental degradation; ecological design and aesthetics in vulnerable settlements. In Unit 15(X), students investigated wetland settlements and landscapes by analysing the multiple issues faced by wetlands communities: their design projects go beyond single-project solutions to projects that address multiple systems: politics; economics; and social challenges. It is
the firm belief of Unit 15(X) leaders that such an approach has the potential to open-up the challenges of wetland settlements to a wider audience that includes community members, designers, technocrats and politicians. In line with our commitment to a genuinely transformative pedagogy, the Unit aims to transform the practice of architecture into a discipline capable of having a greater impact and influence across multiple areas: products, dwellings, public spaces, human settlements, landscape and policy-making. In 2018 the students range of projects included; cultural and religious spaces, plays-capes, port rehabilitation, commercial nodes and restorative landscapes.
Project statement
Informal Economies and Spatial Landscape of Kitintale, Kampala Uganda.
“The arrival city is far more than a pile of housing. Its residents are connected in complex networks and use the space as a source of upward mobility by operating businesses and informal enterprises there. Doug Saunders (2011) “The slums are commonly referred to as large open-air markets” Marie Huchzermeyer (2008) The informal economies are the primary source of income for millions of people who live in informal settlements in African cities. According to Huchzermeyer (2008) in her study: Slum Upgrading in Nairobi within the Housing and Basic Services Market, she expresses that as designers we do not always accurately foresee from our perspective and training how an intervention we propose will impact on communities households, industries, their income generation and their access to basic services. This is because many informal settlements have existing structures that they operate within. These structures usually stem from the existing spatial organisation of the informal settlements and continue to grow based on this organisation that may often seem chaotic and unplanned to designers. These systems dictate how transactions occur, how money moves from one hand to the other, and they determine the socio-economic status in the settlements. Kitintale, an informal settlement on the Nakivubo wetland in Kampala, Uganda, is the area of study for this thesis and is rapidly growing and densifying as Kampala’s population increases due to the migration of people from the rural areas to urban areas. (Turyahabwe. N et al. B 2013:95) Although migrants come with no formal skill sets and hardly any educational background, they come in search for better economic opportunities by exploiting ‘ecosystem services’. Ecosystem services are defined by Lyango (2009) as the benefits people derive from the Wetland ecosystems. This services range from fertile land that can be easily converted into farming land for subsistence farming or informal commercial farming; grass lands for livestock grazing; lush forest trees that can be cut down for charcoal production; papyrus fields for harvesting and ample fish in the rivers and streams for both sustenance and income. When the ecosystem services are converted into monetary value they start to reshape the spatial landscape of Kitintale. Rugasira. A, (2016) explains that operating in the informal sector in Kampala means a business is unregistered and not protected by state and does not contribute to tax. The actors in this economy do not have access to retirement or any other form of social benefits that will otherwise be available to them had they been employed within the formal economic system. This means that they have no form of title dead or business registration to their names, decreasing
any sense of job security making the actors in this economy very vulnerable. Rugasira continues to stress that due to the lack of formality in how money works in these communities, the actors have no access to credit. Currently, a mobile money system exists that allows people who may not have access to formal money systems to transfer money from one person to the other. There are also community trusts that operate within Kitintale which allow people to invest small amounts of money on a monthly basis after which dividends are paid out with an accumulated interest. Although the wetland provides the community with ‘ecosystem services’ which allows them to produce for economic gains and subsistence, the informal economy isolates them and acts as a cap on their socio-economic growth keeping the community poor. This project aims to design informal public spaces that facilitate the movement of money through the Kitintale community, which are inspired by different money making activities provided by the ecosystem activities found in the Nakivubo Wetland. The concept driving this design is that in any point of exchange of moneyexists opportunities to create spaces in the community that serves multi-functional activities. Investigating the movement of informal money determines the creation of and use of space in informal areas and this information could be used design into effective financially active public spaces. The methods of investigation utilizes two description strategies that are used widely in landscape architecture studies-observation and secondary description (Deming and Swaffield: 2011). Observation of the informal economic activities and transactions in Kitintale will facilitate the understanding of the influence of biophysical features, human activities, and social and cultural meaning combine to create vibrant public spaces in Kitintale. Site observations and mapping will be used to describe the locations of economic activity in relation to the biophysical layout of Kintintale. This will lead to the design of speculative public spaces that enhance the financial well-being of the community of Kitintale. Representation methods will use drawings to speculate on new spatial possibilities of informal wetland economies of Kitintale.
Contents Chapter one Site and context
.............................................1
Chapter Two .............................................19 Informal Money & Wetland services Chapter Three .............................................33 Sugarcane, Fish and Papyrus Chapter Four .............................................43 Five Nodes Chapter Five Design
.............................................61
Chapter Six Realization
.............................................83
Conclusion
.............................................105
Bibliography .............................................106
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Chapter one Site and context
Over time with increases in rural urban migration into Kampala the practice of re-claiming land from the wetlands has become the norm for informal settling in areas such as Kitintale.
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Kampala CBD
Kitintale
Nakivubo Wetland
Lake Victoria 2
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KITINTALE Kitintale encroaches the Nakivubo wetland. UGX 3 600 = USD 1 3
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The Nakivubo Wetland and informal settling The map on the right shows the Nakivubo wetland and the settlements that encroach into it that are at high risk of flooding.
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Kitintale 0◦18'38.67"N 32◦38'05.22"E
Nakivubo channel Inner Murchison Bay, Lake Victoria Nakivubo wetland
Community areas at risk of flooding Farmer with in the Nakivubo wetland
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Farming in the Nakivubo Wetland. To understand the economic viability of farming in the Nakivubo to the right is diagram showing the value of the different crops cultivated in the Nakivubo.
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Sugercane takes up 680 000m2 of the wetland annually making UGX121,50 million. Sugercane plantation per farmer 1 400m2 area Yields 9 000kg sells for UGX 200/kg annual value UGX256 500
Size of land allocated per crop type 0,02 ha of farm land
Nakivubo wetland
Nakivubo channel
0,14 ha of farm land Inner Murchison Bay, Lake Victoria Community areas at risk of flooding
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Cassava takes up 110 000m2 of the wetland annually making UGX8,86 million. Cassava plantation per farmer 200m2 area Yields 5 250kg sells for UGX 150/kg annual value UGX18 703
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Cocoyam takes up 680 000m2 of the wetland annually making UGX53,16 million. Cocoyam plantation per farmer 1400m2 area Yields 2 625kg sells for UGX 300/kg annual value UGX112 219
Kitintale
Mixed vegetables takes up 110 000m2 of the wetland annually making UGX1,69 million. Mixed vegetables plantation per farmer 200m2 area Yields 1 500kg sells for UGX 100/kg annual value UGX3 563
Sweetpotato takes up 110 000m2 of the wetland annually making UGX6,33 million. Sweetpotato plantation per farmer 200m2 area Yields 3 750kg sells for UGX 150/kg annual value UGX13 359
Matooke takes up 110 000m2 of the wetland annually making UGX7,80 million. Matooke plantation per farmer 200m2 area Yields 6 938kg sells for UGX 100/kg annual value UGX16 477
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The actor As a Unit exercise we had to find some one ‘an actor’ from the community to show us around and teach us more about their community. The Man We got is Muwonge Mohamid, a 27 year old aspiring singer.
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Muwonge explained to us that most people in Kitintale are renting and to stay ahead he runs a brokering service to people moving into Kitintale as well as runs a car wash site. He also partake in the brewing and selling of an alcohol called moonshine. He juggles all these jobs to afford rent and food.
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The actors footprint in the community Muwonge Mohamedi,a 28 year old man living in Kitintale Kampala. Through his experiences of Kitintale the following analysis is made. Kitintale, an informal settlement on the Nakivubo wetland in Kampala, Uganda, is the Area of study for this thesis and is rapidly growing and density increasing as Kampala’s population increases due to the migration of people from the rural areas to urban areas.
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Cross section through Kitintale Since Kitintale is built on a slope the community flood more towards the bottom of the slop the makes rent at the top of the hill more ideal and thus more expensive. Top of the hill Rent = UGX 60 000 per month Bottom of the hill Rent = UGX 10 000 per month
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Models While in Kampala I built models to recreate the spaces that i walked through and experienced in Kitintale. community members keep chickens and goats as a sign of wealth and for food in the event and important visitors comes around to visit.
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Chapter two
Informal Money & Wetland services An image mapping the route informal money takes between informal and formal areas in Kampala, Uganda After studying Kitintale through the lens of the “actor” Muonge it became clear to me that the community has a lot of wealth to gain from the wetland ecosystem. To solve the overwhelming conditions of poverty the community in a sustainable manner there needs to be sustainable streams of financial gain for the inhabitants. Hence I look to the economy of the settlement. The word Economy is described in the urban dictionary as “the state of a country or region in terms of the production and consumption of goods and services and the supply of money”. The wetland ecosystem creates the opportunity for farming, fishing and papyrus harvesting and these are three very financially rewarding practices if managed well and infrastructure provided. In this chapter analyses the movement of sugarcane, fish and papyrus through the community looking closely at the financial around the products. A command-based economy is one where political agents directly control what is produced and how it is sold and distributed.
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crop
blue color worker woman
boda boda
health care
education
recreation
Moving money
food
money
A speculative analysis of how money moves into and out of Kitintale. By understanding the movement of money i start to trace the money to its source : the Wetland services.
taxi
wheat
construction worker
Cyclist
plantain
children daycare
blue color worker
domestic help 20
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Formal money vs informal money The Differences between the formal and the money systems and its relationship to the spatial landscape. The CBD is a formal space with services and people who work in this formal environment have job security and access to credit etc. Where as the people living in Kitintale do not have these formal structures.
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The RED box Borrowing from the Mobile money system that is currently in place to provide money management services to informal economy happening in Kitintale.
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Wetland Services Experimenting with radical representation to educate and inform the community of Kitintale on the benefits and opportunities provided by the wetland ecosystem through 3D pyramid puzzle games. The games are a set of 5 different puzzles each representing an ecosystem service these services are : Fertile soil - converted into farming land for subsistence farming and or informal commercial farming of mainly sugarcane and coco-yam. Bio Fuel - forest trees that can be cut down for charcoal production. Papyrus - is harvested and used in the make of furniture weaving of mats and buckets. Fish - found in the streams of ponds rivers for both sustenance and income. Clay - For the production of bricks that are the primary building block of the settlement. Fertile soil - Soil to cultivate maze, sugarcane, coco yam and mixed veggies
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Bio Fuel Forest trees that can be cut down for charcoal production.
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Fish Found in the streams of ponds rivers for both sustenance and income.
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Fertile soil Soil to cultivate maze, sugarcane, coco yam and mixed veggies
Fertile Soil
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Papyrus Is harvested and used in the make of furniture weaving of mats and buckets.
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Clay For the production of bricks that are the primary building block of the settlement.
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Chapter three Sugarcane, Fish and Papyrus This chapter looks at these three products as they make their journey from the wetland ecosystem through Kitintale to Port Bell road.
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Sugarcane The route sugarcane take up the
Fish The route fish take up the slope t
Papyrus The route papyrus take up the slo
Three Wetland Services that have the highest financial returns This drawing documents the routes these products take from the wetland to the top of the slope at Port Bell road. Looking closely at the following:
Sugarcane cultivation Papyrus harvesting And fish farming.
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ake up the slope through Kitintale to Port Bell road. .
he slope through Kitintale to Port Bell road.
e up the slope through Kitintale to Port Bell road.
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Sugarcane.
Sugarcane Sugarcane Mill
Boiling pan
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Jaggery (Black Sugar)
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The two ways a farmer can make money from sugarcane in Kitintale per year. 1. Sell cane to Sugar processing companies 1 ton of sugarcane = UGX145 000 From 12 tons a farmer earns UGX1,4 million Expenses: UGX300 000 transport UGX100 000 cane loading service UGX120 000 cutting the cane difference = UGX1,2 million 2. Make and sell Jaggery 12 tons of sugarcane = 22 bags of Jaggery (50kg bag) 1 bag = UGX155 000 12 tons = UGX3,5 million Expenses: UGX 500 000 to mill the 12 bags 
 difference = UGX3 million
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1400m2 Sugarcane plantation on drier areas of the wetland. Sugarcane takes 24 months to germinate.
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Jaggery makers buy sugarcane from farmer to make Jaggery.
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Jaggery waiting to be sold to brewers of alcohol.
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traditional alcohol brewers buy jaggery for their alcohol brews.
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Tavern selling alcohol made with jaggery.
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Vender buys sugar cane from farmer to sell to community .
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Farmer sells sugarcane to Kinyara Sugar Works.
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Jaggery makers sell bags of jaggery at Port Bell road.
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Transporting Jaggery trough the community.
10 Jaggery makers set fire to the sugarcane fields to force farmers into selling cane for lower price.
11 Burnt sugarcane that can not be sold to Kinyara Sugar Works.
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Fish
Fish market in the community dryed Fish
Lake Victoria Fingerponds are ponds dug from the landward edge of wetlands that extend like fingers into the swamp.
Soil from the ponds can be heaped between the ponds to form raised beds for crop cultivation.
Lake Victoria Fish takes 8 months to 12 months to fully mature. Fish is highly parishad so fish farmers have to find customers before they harvest.
Evaporation Rainfall
Groundwater inflow Drainage
Smoked Fish
Steaming on grill
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Traditional drying method Fish market in the community dryed Fish
Lake Victoria Fingerponds are ponds dug from the landward edge of wetlands that extend like fingers into the swamp.
Soil from the ponds can be heaped between the ponds to form raised beds for crop cultivation.
Lake Victoria Fish takes 8 months to 12 months to fully mature. Fish is highly parishad so fish farmers have to find customers before they harvest.
Evaporation Rainfall
Groundwater inflow Drainage
Smoked Fish
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Papyrus
Busket weaving to sell
mat weaving to sell
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woven furniture to sell 4
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Busket weaving to sell
mat weaving to sell
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Papyrus forest.
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Papyrus harvesters.
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Making mats with papyrus to sell at Port Bell road.
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Roofs made with papyrus mats.
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Papyrus mats and furniture sold at Port Bell road.
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Chapter four Five Nodes In depth analysis of identified sites for intervention. The drawings explore the existing nodes to understand scale, materials and range of social economic activities.
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SITE 1
Site identified for nodal interventions The project explores public nodes in Kitintale where goods and products are exchanged in order to identify and imagine multiple social/economic actives that can be reinforced. Such places will be linked through nodes and corridor networks that build on the economic activities on particular sites. SITE1 - Farming This is the lowest site where the community encroaches the wetland. SITE 2 - Residential A residential site along the main route through the settlement SITE 3 - Mini Taxi Pick up point The taxi rank with “boda taxi� heading to the CBD SITE 4 - The Car wash The car wash this site has the most economic activity in the settlement. SITE 5 - Port Bell road This is the link to Port Bell road where products are loaded onto trucks and shipped off. 44
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SITE 3 SITE 5
SITE 4
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Site one Farming
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Fisher man fishing from the Nakivubo stream. They will sell the fish for UGX16 000 per kg to either the taxi rank market or to the markets in the CBD.
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Diana is picking mangos to sell at the market. She will sell each mango for UGX5 000
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Florence is picking maize that she will pound into maize flour and sell for UGX2 600 per Kg.
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Prossy is harvesting coco yam to sell at the markets. She makes UGX20 000 per kg.
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Some members of the community keeps a goat and a chicken to sell during hard financial times or to feed special guests. the goat = UGX250 000 and the chicken = UGX12 000
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Fisher is on her way to the market to sell fresh maize for UGX3 000 each.
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Harvester is on her way to the market to sell plantain for UGX15 000 each.
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Harvester is on her way to the market to sell Sweet potatoes for UGX2 000 each.
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These ladies are busy sorting charcoal from the wetland to sell at the market for UGX20 000 a bucket.
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Site two Residential
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Akiki loaning Eddy UGX7 000 for repairs to his boda boda.
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Zahra stores UGX15 000 under her mattress together with the rest of last weeks market earns from fish sales.
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Adroa is busy sending UGX50 000 to his mother in the village using the mobile money app.
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Kasim is teaching Okello how to use mobile money app. The elders in the community meet to contribute there monthly UGX50 000 to the community community Trust.
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Sanyu is on his way up the hill to the taxi rank to take customers too the CBD for UGX5 000 per trip. Kasim gives her child UGX20 000 to get her hair done buy the mobile hair dresser. Kula, Sara and Babra run a door to door hair dressing business they charge UGX 20 000 per hair style. Adroa pays Makis back the UGX5 000 he had borrowed for transport to Kampala CBD.
10 Pius buys sunglasses from Okello who is on his way to sell his goods at the taxi rank.
11 Nakasero walks through this courtyard every Wednesday selling bananas from the plantain in the wetland. .
12 Achen has boarded a boda boda from Namuwongo on her way to the CBD. Since the distance is longer she will have to pay UGX8 000.
13 Joseph is buying charcoal for UGX20 000. 14 Abbo is sending UGX100 000 over mobile money to her child at Makerere.
15 Eluk is on his way to the washing bay where he washes cars for UGX10 000 a car.
16 Namono and her sisters are weaving busckets with papyrus to sell at the market for UGX 50 000.
17 Okello is on his way to work, he is a fisher man and make UGX25 000 on a good day.
18 Muwonge is collecting his payment for working as a broker for John.
21 Kula is on her way to the marker to sell the Coco yams she sew at the wetland for UGX10 000.
22 Miremba is on her way to the market to sell the sugar cane she planted in the wetland for UGX1 000 each.
23 Evon is on a boda boda for UGX5 000 on her way to the CBD.
19 Magret is paying the Landlord UGX50 000 for the months rent.
20 Charity is storing the UGX25 400 she made selling fish at the market.
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SITE three - point Mini Taxi Pick up
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Boda boda driver makes UGX10 000 per trip to the CBD. community members buying wetland services from market stalls.
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Street venders selling their products commuters .
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Taxi driver makes 10 000 per customer.
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SITE four - The Car wash
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Since most of the community walks through this car wash Daniel and Kato sit under this tree fixing shoes for UGX10 000 per pare.
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Robert is sending UGX50 000 to his mother in the village while he waits for his turn to get water.
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Some elders in the community discussing the community trust to which they all contribute UGX60 000 every month.
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Kasim is teaching Okello how to use mobile money app.
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Alex is taking out a loan of UGX100 000 from Brians house run cash loan.
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Due to the security bars the shop owner is safe as he sells goods through the Metal bars.
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Alice is paying the the landlord UGX65 000.
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Kato runs a lunch business in his house for the car washers. He charges UGX2 500 per plate.
15 Muwonge is the Head of the car wash area he his
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Receives UGX70 000 through the mobile money app.
16 Gimbo is buying banana for UGX13 000.
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11 Nakasero owns a pub where people spend money on games and alcohol.
12 Achen is buying plantain from Sara for UGX20
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00 and Coco yam from Janet for UGX15 000.
10 13 Isaac is getting a customer going to the CBD on his boda boda for UGX5 000.
14 The car washers are paid UGX10 000 per car
10 Pius owns a pub and allows his customers in to buy beer and play on the pool table.
washed. paid UGX1 000 by all car washers per car they wash.
17 Customers for the taxis going to town will pay UGX7 000.
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The washing bay, analysing areas with high financial exchange on site. 'The Car wash' there washing bay is head by Mounge, from every car washed he is paid UGX 1000 as compensation for using his parking bay. Most of the homes here do not have in house taps this is the community tap they use.
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The washing bay, analysing areas with high financial exchange on site. 'The Pub'
Due to the lack of security most of the shops in the area are closed off and are only accessed at the till. Customers do not walk around the shop looking for the items they need. This reduces customer spending.
A handful of pubs around the car wash site allow customers in. these pubs offer coin operated games for the customers to play. this increased the time spent in the pub increasing the spending of money.
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The washing bay, analysing areas with high financial exchange on site. 'The Yard'
Bus drivers pay UGX 10 000 per night to park in this parking lot.
Taxi driver make money from locals when they go to and from Kampala CBD, etc. the far is UGX 10 000 and UGX 50 000 with boda boda.
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Chapter five Design
The design proccess and resolution. This projects uses the production chain of Jaggery (black sugar), fish, and papyrus furniture, mats and baskets to imagine more efficient production corridors in Kitintale that moves these products from node to node, a system that increases the value of the product by small-scale manufacturing processes. The nodes will not only serve as points of production but also a way to bring formality to the informality and multiplicity of activities. This has led to speculative public spaces- nodes- that may enhance the financial well-being of the community of Kitintale. The concept behind this solution can be fitted to the production agricultural goods extracted from the wetlands across Kampala.
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Thinking drawings Having identified and represented the boundaries, real and imagined, the scale and the nature and workings of the proposal as it grows onto the site in Kitintale. I have used a comic strip as a means of visually representing the process of conceptual design though story telling speculating what solution is suitable for the site and how I arrived at it.
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Thinking drawings The project uses the production chain of Jaggery (black sugar) to imagine a more efficient production corridors in Kitintale that moves this products from node to node, a system that increases the value of the product by small-scale manufacturing processes.
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Design Principals for maximising profits To stimulate financial growth in Kitintale I asked myself how can the wetland help the community. And how can the community preserve the wetland. Since the wetland provides the people with raw goods how can these goods build the economy of Kitintale and bring the people financial prosperity. These are the key design principles I Use to design nodal spaces that enhance the 5 sites to maximise on product value as the products move through the site.
Shops attract other shops..
use papyrus to make shopping bags to reduce plastic and create product development opportunity.
Public seating along an air brick all to act as a boundary do that homes are not built on the public space
Though out the site these elements of verticality act as security whatch towers for safty. 68
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Entrances are meeting space. EACH house has a business.
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people sit with their backs protected.
light illuminates night time activity0.
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Schematic proposal for nodal interventions along route for production of Black sugar as identified in research.
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Site 1 - Farming Programme: Storage space for farmers tools. Watch tower for security
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SITE 2 - Residential Programme : Production of Jaggery (Black Sugar) Production of Moonshine Play area for the children
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SITE 3 - Mini Taxi Pick up point Programme : Packaging Moonshine Packaging Jaggery Packaging Fuel from sugarcane` banking space to house mobile money stand
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SITE 4 - The Car wash Programme : Amphitheatre space for community meetings Small library and play ground for children seating spaces for public shop to sell all products packaged on site 3 Banking space to house mobile money stand
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SITE 5 - Port Bell road Programme; Storage space for good packaged on site 3 delivery bay for trucks to collect goods to sell to the rest of Kampala Quality control room Seating spaces for public Banking spaces to house mobile money stand
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Chapter six Realization The project deffined
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SITE1 - Farming
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Speculative floor plan for SITE 4
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SITE 2 - Residential
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SITE 3 - Mini Taxi Pick up point
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SITE 4 - The Car wash
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SITE 5 - Port Bell road
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Conclusion If this proposal is implemented in the context of Kitintale on various scales it will create what I call an ‘Industrial’ settlement. This intervention is a point of acupuncture that will promote the evolution of the settlement from just an illegal wetland settlement to a functioning part of the city that creates good lively hoods and co-exists with the wetland in a more sustainable manner. Founding is the hardest to secure when working in informal settlement every where in the world but if funding was no longer a problem than there can be progress. This node to node intervention is only the beginning to changing the social economic landscape of Kitintale.
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Bibliography Emerton. L, Iyango. L, Luwum. P & Malinga. A. 1999. The Present Economic Value of Nakivubo Urban Wetland, Uganda Croixe, H. 2012. Drawing Architecture - Conversation with Perry Kulper. Architects news , Aug 5 Deming. EM, Swaffield, S (2011) Landscape Architecture Research. John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey Huchzermeyer. M, (2008). Slum Upgrading in Nairobi within the Housing and Basic Services Market, Journal of Asian and African Studies 43, no.1:22 Kristiana, F. 2004. Fact finding study. Side, March Lyango. L, et al. (2009). Mapping a Better Future. Washington, DC: World Resource institute. Ndiwalana. A, Morawczynski. O & Popov. O,.Mobile Money Use in Uganda: A Preliminary Study [O] Available : https://www.gsma.com/mobilefordevelopment Accessed on : 15 April 2018 Rugasira. A, 2016. Unpacking Uganda’s’ informal sector. The independent 22 May:7 Saunders. D, 2011. The Arrival City. New York: Soya. E (2000) in Myers. G (2014) African Cities: alternative Visions of Urban Theory and Practice. Zed Books. London. Turyahabwe. N, Tumusiime. D.M, Kukuru. W and Barasa. B. 2013. Vol. 2. Sustainable Agriculture Research, Wetland Use/Cover Changes and Local Perceptions in Uganda. Canadian Center of Science and Education Rugasira. A, 2016. Unpacking Uganda’s’ informal sector. The independent 22 May:7
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