Appendix

DATA ANALYTICS

The Giving Black®: Greater Richmond survey represents the culmination of an 18-month collaborative process between NEBiP and three leading philanthropic entities of Greater Richmond: SisterFund, Ujima Legacy Fund and the Community Foundation for a greater Richmond. The purpose of Giving Black®: Greater Richmond is to offer an in-depth examination of the beliefs, motivations, behaviors and trends of a sub-sample of Greater Richmond’s Black philanthropic community.

This study offers baseline data and insight on Greater Richmond’s Black philanthropic community to inform conversations about its past legacy, current state and future. We trust this report will be useful to the survey’s sponsors, partners, advisors and the region’s broader philanthropic community and public.

METHODOLOGY OVERVIEW

The Giving Black®: Greater Richmond survey instrument was developed and administered by NEBiP only. The survey design built upon two previous NEBiP Giving Black surveys in Boston and Cincinnati. SisterFund, Ujima Legacy Fund and the Community Foundation for a greater Richmond disseminated the survey. Nearly 600 individuals from the Greater Richmond area accessed the survey online, with 356 completed survey responses. Survey respondents who self-reported a racial identification of African descent were included in the analysis. Survey data collection began in January 2020 and closed in April 2020.

The Giving Black®: Greater Richmond study used quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Quantitatively, findings rely on the 356 completed survey responses. Survey administration lasted approximately 30 minutes and consisted of 58 closed and open-ended questions. Qualitatively, the study used a snowball sampling of Black donors in the Greater Richmond region, including one-on-one interviews and focus groups.

DEMOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW

Twenty-five, 90-minute one-on-one interviews and four focus groups involving a total of 28 people were conducted with Greater Richmond Black donors, including higher-income donors. These interviews began in March 2020 and concluded in late September 2020. Interviewees and focus group participants reflected a diversity in gender and age, ranging from Millennials to Baby Boomers. The majority had obtained a bachelor’s degree or higher, with reported annual household incomes above $100,000. NEBiP developed a semi-structured interview protocol for the focus groups and one-on-one interviews. Focus groups and interview topics varied depending on participants’ responses. Examples of common themes include definitions of philanthropy and motivations for Black giving. Participants were recruited with the assistance of SisterFund, Ujima Legacy Fund and the Community Foundation for a greater Richmond. Each interview or focus group was recorded after obtaining the participants’ consent, with each session lasting approximately 90 minutes. Participants were provided the option to participate anonymously or provide consent for self-identifying information included in the public report. Qualitative data was coded using HyperRESEARCH and Microsoft Excel software.

Survey respondents were mostly comprised of well-educated, Black women, who were employed full-time and living in middle to upper middle-class neighborhoods. Over half (55%) of survey respondents resided in Richmond city proper, with nearly half (45%) in the city’s Southside region. The remaining survey respondents lived in various localities of Greater Richmond. Nearly two-thirds of survey respondents reported annual household incomes above $80,000.

Survey findings are statistically significant at a 95% confidence level (meaning less than a 5% probability that the result was due to chance). Statistical significance is a term used to describe results that are unlikely to have occurred by chance and states the level of certainty that a different or important relationship exists.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

A debt of gratitude and respect is owed to the Steering Committee, whose dedication, leadership and hard work made this report possible. NEBiP would like to honor the Steering Committee, who worked tirelessly to ensure the success of Giving Black®: Greater Richmond.

STEERING COMMITTEE MEMBERS L. Robert Bolling Chief Executive Officer, ChildSavers Ujima Legacy Fund Philanthropist

Veronica Fleming Principal, Veronica Fleming Consulting SisterFund Philanthropist

Stephanie Glenn Vice President, Diversity and Engagement Community Foundation for a greater Richmond

Let our rejoicing rise, High as the list’ning skies, Let it resound loud as the rolling sea. – Lift Every Voice and Sing James Weldon Johnson J. Rosamond Johnson

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

ADVISORY COUNCIL MEMBERS

Anedra Bourne Co-founder of Richmond Night Market SisterFund Philanthropist Adrienne Cole Johnson Entrepreneur & Richmond Night Market Co-owner SisterFund Philanthropist Taikein Cooper Virginia Excels Ujima Legacy Fund Philanthropist Joi Dean Richmond Metropolitan Transportation Authority SisterFund Philanthropist Kim Dean-Anderson University of Richmond – Bonner Center SisterFund Philanthropist Robert Dortch Robins Foundation Ujima Legacy Fund Founder Hollee Freeman Executive Director at MathScience Innovation Center Wendall Fuller Fuller Wealth Advisors Ujima Legacy Fund Philanthropist Reginald Gordon City of Richmond, Deputy CAO Ujima Legacy Fund Founder Shanee Harmon Community Activist/Business Owner Greta Harris Better Housing Coalition SisterFund Founder Brenda Hicks HOME, Inc. SisterFund Founder Iris Holliday Community Leader Impact 100 Philanthropist Damon Jiggetts Peter Paul Development Center Ujima Legacy Fund Founder Kendra Jones RMH Foundation Johnathan Mayo Entrepreneur Ujima Legacy Fund Philanthropist Larry Murphy Ujima Legacy Fund Founder Dr. Cynthia Newbille Richmond City Council SisterFund Founder Justin G. Reid Virginia Humanities General Assembly African American Cultural Resources Task Force Courtney Rice Robins Foundation SisterFund Philanthropist Bruce Richardson Realtor Tyonka Rimawi Robins Foundation SisterFund Philanthropist Evette Roots Social Enterprise Specialist for Richmond’s Office of Community Wealth SisterFund Founder Melody Short Co-founder of Richmond Night Market and Jackson Ward Collective Metropolitan Business League Kysha Washington-Banks Daily Planet Health Services SisterFund Philanthropist Katina Williams Family Lifeline LaWanda Woods-Howard Purpose Bound Parents SisterFund Philanthropist

SPECIAL CONTRIBUTORS & ADVISORS

Yewande Austin Founder/President, Global Institute for Diversity and Change Ed Baine President, Dominion Energy Virginia Victor Branch Richmond Market Manager & Richmond Market President, Bank of America Monica Brinkley Davis Senior Human Resources Specialist, Dominion Energy S. Ross Browne Artist, Designer, Writer, Poet Nadira Chase Founder, CEO & Product Developer, Adiva Naturals Adrienne Cole Johnson Director of Family and Community Engagement, Henrico County Public Schools Uwanna Dabney, PhD Senior Project Manager, AECOM Andre Dean Senior Vice President of Corporate Strategy, Diversity and Inclusion, Johnson Denise Dickerson Member, The Links Incorporated Robert Dortch Vice President, Programs & Innovation, Robins Foundation Lisa Edwards-Burrs, D.M.A. Associate Professor of Music, Virginia State University Pastor Ashley Gordon Pastor, The Life Church RVA Pastor Vernon Gordon Pastor, The Life Church, RVA Reginald Gordon City of Richmond, Office of Community Wealth Building Robert Grey, Jr., Esq. Senior Counsel, Hunton, Andrews, Kurth, LLP Greta Harris President & CEO, Better Housing Coalition Chelsea Higgs Wise, MSW Marijuana Justice Virginia Jennifer L. Hunter Senior Vice President, Corporate Citizenship, Altria Derrick Johnson Retired Kenneth S. Johnson CEO and Founder, Johnson Marketing Lisa Lovings Byrd President, The Links Incorporated Senator Henry L. Marsh Civil Rights Attorney and Former Virginia Senator Kimberly L. Martin Founder, KLM Scholarship Foundation Daphne Maxwell Reid Actress and Philanthropist Todd Parsons Owner/Laser Artisan, Todd Parsons Designs Kevin Pinkston, PhD Associate Manager, Altria Sean Powell Executive Director, Engage, The Foundation John Purnell Retired/Philanthropist Joyce Purnell Retired/Philanthropist Amiri Richardson-Keys, Jr. Student, Virginia Union University Jimmy F. Robinson, Esq. Managing Shareholder, Ogletree, Deakins Yvette Robinson Philanthropist Evette Roots Social Enterprise Specialist, Office of Community Wealth Building Pamela Royal, M.D. Owner and President, Royal Dermatology Melody Short Co-Founder, Jackson Ward Collective Lindely Smith, M.D. Ophthalmologist, Stony Point Surgery Center Immanuel Sutherland Sr. Manager, Corporate Citizenship, Altria Ann Taylor Philanthropist Marilyn H. West Chair and CEO, M.H. West & Co. Ashley White Founder, Styledentity Jamelle S. Wilson, Ed.D. Dean, School of Professional and Continuing Studies, University of Richmond

Design & Layout: Ashley Melin, Point3Design Charts: Mars Nevada Editing: Devin Owens, Rich Feinberg, Ernie Corrigan

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ENDNOTES

1 Michael Gordon Voss, interview with Tyrone Freeman and Stasia Washington, “African American Philanthropy: A Culture of Generosity,” Stanford Social Innovation Review, podcast audio, August 12, 2020, www.ssir.org/podcasts/entry/african_american_philanthropy_a_culture_of_generosity; Jack Trammell, Richmond Slave Trade: The Economic Backbone of the Old Dominion (Charleston: The History Press, 2012), 11.

2 Steven J. Hoffman, Race, Class and Power in the Building of Richmond, 1870-1920 (Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, Inc, 2004), xii.

3 Alpine W. Jefferson, Foreword to Jack Trammell, Richmond Slave Trade, pp. 7-9; Lumpkin’s Jail, slave trader Robert Lumpkin’s notorious slave holding pen to confine enslaved Blacks until they were sold, was located only three blocks from the state’s capitol. Nicknamed “Devil’s Acre” for its horrific conditions, Lumpkin’s Jail is currently the site of Virginia Union University’s campus. Trammell, Richmond Slave Trade, 9.

4 Peter Rachleff, Black Labor in Richmond, 1865-1890 (Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1989), 6-9.

5 Early beneficial societies functioned closer to an early version of insurance. Members would pay an initiation fee and dues for benefits in cases of illness or death. Rachleff, Black Labor in Richmond, 11; Elvatrice Parker Belsches, Richmond Virginia (Charleston: Arcadia Publishing), 11; Walter B. Weare, “Black Fraternal Orders,” In The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture, Volume 4: Myth, Manners, and Memory (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2006), 75, www/jstor.org/stable/5149/9781469616704_wilson

6 Midori Takagi, Rearing Wolves To Our Own Destruction: Slavery in Richmond, Virginia, 1782-1865 (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1999), 102.

7 The First African Baptist Church was originally organized in 1787 as the First Baptist Church, which had a biracial congregation. Free and enslaved Black Richmonders were drawn to its white ministers’ sermons on individual salvation. First African Baptist was established in 1841 after its White members left because its Black congregants greatly outnumbered them. Belsches, Richmond Virginia, 9.

8 Marie Tyler-McGraw Marie and Gregg D. Kimball, In Bondage and Freedom: Antebellum Black Life in Richmond, Virginia (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press for the Valentine Museum, 2007), 78; Belsches, Richmond Virginia, 9. 9 Belsches, Richmond Virginia, 11.

10 Takagi, Rearing Wolves, 51.

11 John T. O’Brien, “Reconstruction in Richmond: White Restoration and Black Protest, April-June 1865,” The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 89, no. 3 (1981): 276.

12 Post-Civil War philanthropy is often associated with northern White philanthropic organizations, such as the American Missionary Society and other groups, who worked jointly with the Freedmen’s Bureau to assist the newly freed Black population. This perspective minimizes the early Black giving efforts of Black Richmonders to establish a public school system for Black children. Hilary Green, “Remaking the Former Confederate Capital: Black Richmonders and the Transition to Public Schools, 1865-1870,” In Educational Reconstruction: African American Schools in the Urban South, 1865-1890 (New York: Fordham University Press, 2016), 16.

13 Rachleff, Black Labor in Richmond, 25.

14 Despite her herculean efforts and instrumental role, neither Brooks nor the Sewing Circle received their just due, as only men served as the Asylum’s first trustees. Her legacy also lives on through her great-granddaughter, noted Harvard African American Studies and History scholar Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham. Catherine A. Jones, “Lucy Goode Brooks: Measures of Freedom,” In Virginia Women: Their Lives and Times, eds. Cynthia A. Kierner and Sandra Gioia Treadway (Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 2016), 2023 and 29.

15 Dawn S. Bowen, “The Transformation of Richmond’s Historic African American Commercial Corridor,” Southeastern Geographer 43, no. 2 (2003): 262.

16 The True Reformers focused on “good morals, taking care of the sick, orphans and widows.” Browne abandoned this philanthropic origin, even though temperance societies were the most popular among Richmonders. His move served to alienate original members, even as True Reformers were adding tens of thousands of new members. Its evolution from a benevolent charitable group to an economic empire also revealed class tensions, as it moved further from its original charitable purpose. James D. Watkinson, “Washington Browne and the True Reformers of Richmond, Virginia,” The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 97, no. 3 (1989): 382.

17 Elsa Barkley Brown, “Womanist Consciousness: Maggie Lena Walker and the Independent Order of Saint Luke,” Signs 14, no. 3 (1989): 617.

18 Shennette Garrett-Scott, Banking on Freedom: Black Women in U.S. Finance Before the New Deal (New York: Columbia University Press, 2019): 54-56; Brown, “Womanist Consciousness,” 617.

19 Garrett-Scott, Banking on Freedom, 54-56.

20 In the decade before the Civil War, Greater Richmond’s Black businesses rapidly expanded, but only briefly, as their gains were eliminated by the Civil War. Black businesses in Petersburg and Richmond, which had 10% of the state’s free Black population, contained 22% of the state’s Black-owned businesses. Loren Schweninger, “The Roots of Enterprise: Black-Owned Businesses in Virginia, 18301880,” The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 100, no. 4 (1992): 522; Belsches, Richmond Virginia, 10.

21 Although the professional businesses were disappearing by the 1930s, Jackson Ward’s businesses in personal services still attracted Richmond’s Black residents. Belsches, Richmond Virginia, 2.

22 Jane Dailey, “Epilogue: The Voice of the People,” In Before Jim Crow: The Politics of Race in Postemancipation Virginia (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2000), 164.

23 Jane Dailey, “Epilogue,” 164.

24 Jonathan I. Leib, “Separate Times, Shared Spaces: Arthur Ashe, Monument Avenue and the politics of Richmond, Virginia’s symbolic landscape,” Cultural Geographies 9, no. 3 (2002): 286-312.

25 Sandra Waugaman with Thomas Cannon, Poor Man’s Philanthropist: The Thomas Cannon Story (Richmond: Palari Publishing, 2004); Phil McCombs, “The ‘Poor Man’s Philanthropist,’ Giving It All He’s Got,” The Washington Post, March 11, 2002.

26 Google, “Value of funds raised by crowdfunding platforms worldwide from 2012 to 2014,” www.statista.com/statistics/269957/estimated-volume-of-funds-raised-by-crowdfunding-platforms-worldwide/; Blackbaud Institute, “The Next Generation of American Giving: The Charitable Habits of Generation Z, Millennials, Generation X, Baby Boomers, and Matures,” 2018.

27 Blog, Posted by Abby Rolland, “African Americans have been philanthropists from day one,” August 27, 2018, www.blog.philanthropy.iupui.edu/2018/08/27/Blacks-have-been-philanthropistsfrom-day-one/

28 Two metrics comprise the Generosity Index. The first metric is the percentage of tax filers donating to charity, which indicates the extent of generosity; the second metric is the percentage of aggregate personal income donated to charity, which indicates the depth of generosity. Fraser Institute, Bulletin, “Generosity in Canada and the United States: The 2019 Generosity Index,” 2019. www.fraserinstitute.org/sites/default/files/generosity-index-2019.pdf; Google, “How America Gives 2014,” Chronicle of Philanthropy, www.philanthropy.com/package/how-america-gives-2014; The Philanthropy Roundtable, Almanac, “Who Gives Most to Charity,” The Philanthropy Roundtable, Almanac. www.philanthropyroundtable.org/almanac/statistics/

29 Bank of America and the Lilly Family School of Philanthropy, Indiana University, “Executive Summary, The 2018 U.S. Trust Study of High-net-worth Philanthropy,” www.dallascharitablegiftplanners. org/uploads/2/4/3/8/24388598/2018_high_net_worth_philanthropy__executive_entire_packet.pdf

30 Google, Greater Richmond Partnership, Flyer, www.grpva.com/ wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Ireland_May19_web.pdf; Census Reporter, “Richmond, VA – Data Profile,” 2019, censusreporter.org/profiles/16000US5167000-richmond-va/

31 Adam Hamza, “Data show poverty and income trends in Virginia,” October 3, 2019. Accessed through: www.nbc12.com/2019/10/04/ data-show-poverty-income-trends-virginia; Urban Institute, “Racial Inequities Will Grow Unless We Consciously Work to Eliminate Them,” July 22, 2020, www.urban.org/urban-wire/racial-inequities-will-grow-unless-we-consciously-work-eliminate-them

32 Dawson, Behind the Mule, 1994. Other races and ethnicities perceive linked fate, including individuals who share the same gender, religion and class. However, unlike Blacks, their perceptions of linked fate do not influence their attitudes or behavior.

33 Adam Hamza, “Data show poverty and income trends in Virginia,” October 3, 2019.

34 Hamza, “Data show poverty and income trends”; Joel, Kotkin, “The Cities Where Blacks Are Doing The Best Economically 2018,” Forbes website, January 15, 2018. www.forbes.com/sites/joelkotkin/2018/01/15/the-cities-where-Blacks-are-doing-the-best-economically-2018/#12bad9641abe

35 Marvin Chiles, “Down Where the South Begins”: Black Richmond Activism before the Modern Civil Rights Movement, 1899-1930,” The Journal of African American History 101, no. 1 (2020): 57.