Basic photography by Siddhartha Sarkar

Presentation By: Siddhartha Sarkar. A Weekend Photographers Kolkata (WPK) initiative.

A Weekend Photographers Kolkata (WPK) initiative.

(MODES)

Types of Camera Modes

Here are the four main types of camera modes that can be found in most digital cameras today: Program (P) Shutter Priority (Tv) or (S) Aperture Priority (Av) or (A) Manual (M) A Weekend Photographers Kolkata (WPK) initiative.

Program Mode (P) •

In “Program” mode, the camera automatically chooses the Aperture and the Shutter Speed for you, based on the amount of light that passes through the lens. • Use the mode you want to use for “point and shoot” moments, when you just need to quickly snap a picture. The camera will try to balance between aperture and shutter speed, increasing and decreasing the two based on the intensity of light. • If you point the camera to a bright area, the aperture will automatically increase to a bigger number, while keeping the shutter speed reasonably fast. Pointing the camera to a darker area will decrease the aperture to a lower number, in order to maintain a reasonably fast shutter speed. If there is not enough light, the lens aperture will stay at the lowest number (maximum aperture), while the shutter speed will keep on decreasing until it reaches proper exposure. A Weekend Photographers Kolkata (WPK) initiative.

Shutter-Priority Mode (S) •

In “Shutter Priority” mode, you manually set the camera’s shutter speed and the camera automatically picks the right aperture for you, based on the amount of light that passes through the lens. • Use this mode when intended to be used when motion needs to be frozen or intentionally blurred. • If there is too much light, the camera will increase the lens aperture to a higher number, which decreases the amount of light that passes through the lens. If there is not enough light, the camera will decrease the aperture to the lowest number, so that more light passes through the lens. So in Shutter Priority mode, the shutter speed stays the same (what you set it to), while aperture automatically increases and decreases, based on the amount of light. In addition, there is no control over subject isolation, because you are letting the camera control the depth of field.

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Aperture-Priority Mode (A) •

In “Aperture Priority” mode, you manually set the lens aperture, while the camera automatically picks the right shutter speed to properly expose the image. You have full control over subject isolation and you can play with the depth of field, because you can increase or decrease the lens aperture and let the camera do the math on measuring the right shutter speed. • If there is too much light, the camera will automatically increase the shutter speed, while if you are in a low-light environment, the camera will decrease the shutter speed. There is almost no risk of having an overexposed or an underexposed image, because the shutter speed can go as low as 30 seconds and as fast as 1/40001/8000th of a second (depending on the camera), which is more than sufficient for most lighting situations.

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Portrait mode: This sets a lens aperture that’s wider than normal to blur backgrounds, and adjusts the image processing for a softer, more flattering result.

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Landscape mode: Using this mode will boost colors, contrast and outlines.

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No flash mode: This disables the flash so it won’t fire, even in dim lighting. This avoids embarrassment in theatres and museums.

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Sports mode: This mode’s high shutter speeds will freeze action. The focusing is usually switched to Continuous mode or Predictive Autofocus, where available.

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Close-up mode: The settings in this mode depend on the camera. Some will switch to Centre-spot focussing.

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Night portrait mode: This mode uses flash to illuminate your subject, but this is balanced against the background lighting to produce a natural looking result.

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These scene modes change the camera’s focusing and image processing settings, as well as the lens aperture and shutter speed combinations. The differences are often subtle, though, and many photographers prefer to make adjustments manually.

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Manual Mode (M) •

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As the name suggests, “Manual” mode stands for a full manual control of Aperture and Shutter Speed. In this mode, you can manually set both the aperture and the shutter speed to any value you want – the camera lets you fully take over the exposure controls. This mode is generally used in situations, where the camera has a hard time figuring out the correct exposure in extreme lighting situations. For example, if you are photographing a scene with a very bright area, the camera might incorrectly guess the exposure and either overexpose or underexpose the rest of the image. In those cases, you can set your camera to manual mode, then evaluate the amount of light in darker and brighter areas and override the exposure with your own settings. Manual mode is also useful for consistency, if you need to make sure that both shutter speed and aperture stay the same across multiple exposures. For example, to properly stitch a panorama, all shots that you are trying to put together need to have the same shutter speed and aperture. Otherwise, some images will be darker, while others are lighter. Once you set the shutter speed and aperture to the values of your choice in manual mode, your images will all have consistent exposures. A Weekend Photographers Kolkata (WPK) initiative.

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Natural framing is a confirmed way of getting the right technique for drawing the viewerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s attention to your center of interest. Applying the same rule to the architectures and monuments works well. Try to find natural frames around the architectural buildings, monuments and heritage buildings and compose the scene using structure as frame to the subject. A Weekend Photographers Kolkata (WPK) initiative.

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E.g. Maintaining Balance

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ON LINE PICTURES http://www.fotocommunity.de/fotograf/ursschmidli/fotos/1341365?time=1347390711 http://www.schmidli-fotoart.ch/galerie-alle.html

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Photo Tip : Shooting flowers using Micro Lenses is simply another outstanding way for photographing in extreme close-up of your main subject, or of a partial petal or bloom of a flower subject. This kind of photography makes an excellent camera art. A Weekend Photographers Kolkata (WPK) initiative.

TIP Street Portrait: Make sure you focus on the subjectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s eyes as they need to be sharp (zoom into the image on preview screen to check) and if the background is cluttered, use a wide aperture of f/4 or wider to throw it out of focus. A Weekend Photographers Kolkata (WPK) initiative.

Shutter Speed: ½ sec.

TIP: Turn Off the Flash! – If you’re shooting a city building well illuminated there is absolutely no need to use the flash, using the flash will bounce off the light from shiny things closer to the camera or closer to the flash range and even the balmy night air if the flash is bright enough. A Weekend Photographers Kolkata (WPK) initiative.

For Weekend Course on basic DSLR Photography

• Contact Us: S. Sarkar • Email : siddhartha.sarkar@rocketmail.com • Facebook https://www.facebook.com/siddhartha.Fotofi9 • Fb Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/WPkolkata/ A Weekend Photographers Kolkata (WPK) initiative.

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