CONTENTS
1.
LOCATION PLAN………………………………..…………………………………………..……3
2.
URBAN MORPHOLOGY……………………………………………………..…………………..4 2.1- HISTORY 2.2- DEMOGRAPHICS 2.3- GROWTH
3.
SOCIAL AND CULTURAL CONTEXT……………………………………………………….…9 3.1. USER 3.2. LIFESTYLE AND CULTURE 3.3. HEALTH AND SAFETY
4.
LANDUSE & INFRASTRUCTURE…………………………………………………….….…....13 4.1. BUILDING TYPES & MATERIALS
5.
PUBLIC REALM………………………………………………………………………………….19 5.1. OPEN SPACES 5.2. COMMUNAL AREA 5.3. VEGETATION
6.
CONNECTIVITY…………………………………………………………………………….……23 6.1. ACCESSIBILITY 6.2. VEHICULAR AND PEDESTRIAN 6.3. PARKING
7.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT…………………………………………….………………......26 7.1. SERVICES 7.2. DRAINAGE 7.3. WATER SUPPLY
8.
SURVEY REPORT OF HOUSEHOLDS……………………………………………………….31 8.2. LABOUR HISTORY+ OCCUPATION 8.3. ETHNIC GROUP 8.4. RELIGIOUS AFFILIATION 8.5. PROPERTY AND LIVING HISTORY 8.6. CRIMATE RATE 8.7. SUPPORT NETWORK
9. CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………………………………………40 10. PROPOSAL…………………………………………………………………………………………….41 1|P a g e
LOCATION PLAN
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1. INTRODUCTION:
66 Quarters located in the sector G 7/2 of Islamabad, is a 35 years old registered Slum/Kachi Abadi under the Capital Development Authority(CDA). The registration of the land had been issued in Retired General Musharraf’s government. It has abled the locales to build their own houses and live as a legalized legitmate member of the Slums. The slums of 66 quarters came into being when people living in labor colony were shifted there by the CDA about thirty-five years ago. The formation of the capital of Pakistan had created a lot of Job opportunities so a lot of people migrated from other cities and villages seeking jobs. Among them were the residents of the labor colony who first came on the site which is now called 66 quarters. As G-7 was one of the sectors that was developed early and the government buildings were constructed; the first migrants settled in that area settling to do any kind of jobs. Later on as the people from the Christian communities started to dwell, most of their relatives, friends, and family members started to migrate from the Punjab province to escape poverty, religious resistance and to enjoy extended work opportunities. The first houses that these migrants made were mud and straw and with time as it started getting populated people started using more permanent solutions to their homes.
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1. URBAN MORPHOLOGY : 2.1-
MORPHOLOGY: The Topographic Morphology of 66 quarters suggests that the land on which 66 quarters is located now was a leftover space which was used as a setback from the Nullah down the slope for G-7/2 residential area. On that setback area this informal settlement started to grow over the past 35 years and has now touched the edges of the Nullah. Thus people have started adding more spaces vertically for accommodation purposes as the population grows.
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2.2-
HISTORY: The slums over the past decades have grown longitudinally along the drain towards the double road called Shah Abdul Latif road and extends beyond to G-7/1. How the slums have evolved during the coarse of 35 years can easily be judged through the built environment occupying the land. Some of the elements reflecting the history of land and settlements are as follows: The Built structures that are on the opposite side of the nullah from where the settlement started to grow have the base of a solid retaining wall as can be seen from the pictures below:
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2.3-
DEMOGRAPHICS:
According to the survey conducted in 2014 the 66 quarters has 670 families and 4100 residents living in it. The CDA had approved the upgradation of these slums but nothing has been done so far much to the dismay of the local people. Slum
Household size per room
G7/2 (66 Quarter)
8.82
Mean Number of Persons in one room 3.4
Mean age 23.27
Source: Nadeem Akhtar- Measuring wellbeing of the people living in Slums of Islamabad
2.4-
GROWTH:
The slum is slowly growing outwards as seen by studying the growth pattern of the slum since 2002 it can be concluded that it will grow more destroying the green areas along with it. There was an empty land adjacent to the 66 quarters which was full of vegetation in the past but now all the vegetation has been removed and the slum is growing towards it thus taking more area but the government has built a wall to stop the growth of these slums.
TIMELINE OF THE GROWTH:
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3. SOCIAL AND CULTURAL CONTEXT:
3.1- USER: The slums have a majority of Christian population but a lot of diversity can be seen with people of different religions living peacefully. The people seem social and welcoming and our well aware of people in their community. Most of the population does low wage jobs such as laborers, sweepers, CDA sanitary staff, and loaders. 3.2- LIFESTYLE/CULTURE: The slum community is well knitted with each other and are supportive of each other. The people have weekly community meeting in the community hall according to their races and religion. The area is not very conservative and restricting for women. The doors are mostly unlocked and open during the day time which shows the openness and trust people have with each other. Interaction within community is very common. 3.3- HEALTH &SAFETY: The area displays low standards of living with excessive pollution seen in front of the slums along the main road distinguishing it with the rest of G-7/2. The roads and side drains are filled with solid waste and also as the site is located adjacent to the sewage drain it is not healthy for the individuals. There are small clinics available inside the slums.
GENERAL ACTIVITES: Informal gathering can be seen throughout the site mainly on the periphery edge in form of groups of adults standing, chatting while the old people can be sittings on the edges of shops or laying in “charpais’. There were some major trees on the periphery of the whole site and the families who lived nearby took advantage of them and used them as shade while sitting outside while also doing the household chores. Whereas formal places for certain social activities have also been allocated. For example, a small shed for barbeque etc.
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STREET LIFE
STREET VENDORS ON THE EDGES OF THE NARROW STREETS
A MAN CARRYING WATER FROM TUBEWELLS
SMALL SHOPS PREVALANT
SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN
WEDDINGS IN A HOUSE
SHOPS ON EDGES OF STREET
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3. LANDUSE AND INFRASTRUCTURE:
3.1- BUILDING TYPES: Variety of building types could be seen such as commercial, residential, communal and religious buildings. The commercial buildings are around a long road that stretches through the middle of the slum longitudinally, this road thus acts as the primary road and all the rest of the secondary roads open up to this road. The commercial building includes variety of little shops which are operated by the locals such as electrical, jewelry, hair salons, carpenters, workshops, gaming shops. The Shops were located on the ground floor and the upper floor was mostly used for residential purposes. The residential building was spread out across the main commercial road along the whole site. On entering the slums an open roof building could be seen which acts as the communal meeting center. In this building the people held weekly meetings according to the cast/religion which shows that the area is very accepting of other cultures and religions. The slums also have a small church which the locals tried to embellish as best as they could with tiles and distinguished it with the rest with the trinity sign on the roof. The residential houses were compact and were 2-3 stories high. The average area of the houses was around three Marla’s. Therefore, major building types can be divided into three categories
RESIDENTIAL OFFICAL BUILDING PUBLIC BUILDING
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RESIDENTAIL BUILDING TYPOLOGY: Residential houses are further studied on the basis of unique characters they possess. House along the periphery had multiple entrances as one major entrance that connects the house from the inner street or core Abadi and one that gives the house direct exit to the main outer street that is concrete paved and its level from the house is plus 8 feet. Residents have built staircase that connects their house to the street level.
INTER-HOUSE LINKAGE BRIDGE: Houses are connected to other house through overhang bridges. First story of most of the house are connected through bridge corridors. This is common element in the whole Abadi.
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INTER-HOUSE LINKS:
SEPARATE ENTRANCES OF EACH FLOOR: Majorly First story of the houses has separate staircase on the outer side of the house that is connecting the first story to the ground. Based upon the availability of the material each house has their distinct façade and construction material.
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SEPARATE ENTRANCES:
OFFICE BUILDING: There is only one official building name “JESUS OF THE WORLD BAPTIST MINISTRY”
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PUBLIC BUILDINGS: Public building is comprising of the commercial building such as various types of shops as mention above. Whereas 4 Churches and 2 community centers are also major public building that are serving the people of community.
LOCAL OPEN ROOF COMMUNITY CENTER
PLAN (NGO) COMMUNITY CENTER
CHURCHES:
PARACLETE PENTECOSTAL CHURCH
CHURCH OF PAKISTAN INTERNATIONAL
LADY OF FATIMA CHURCH
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3.2- MATERIALS: The houses were of varying types; unpainted bare brick houses, mud and concrete. The ground portions were mostly finished with cement and painted while the upper floors were unfinished brick walls. The other material noticed were the concrete blocks which was mixed with other medium to withhold the structure. This mixed method of construction show people made their homes with whatever material they could find. Some of the upper floors were slightly projected 2 feet ahead to attain more space and were supported by metal support system.
5. PUBLIC REALM:
PUBLIC REALM is generally the term that refers to the areas where people have access to perform activities and OPEN SPACES is the space which is not really covered by the roof. It can be categorized into two in general. One, publically open spaces that are used by the whole community residents and the second are private open spaces that are inside the housed and are specifically used by the persons in the house. 5.1- OPEN SPACES: PUBLIC OPEN SPACE: Since the slum is really congested area, therefore the streets within are used as the public space for residents. People interact with each other while walking in the streets or standing in the corners/intersections of the streets which make them their public meeting nodes in a certain manner. Locally called "Thara" system i.e. the extended steps in front of the houses. These are commonly observed public space within the streets. People gather and sit to have chats with people and observe around. The nodes that are highly used are "tharas in the chowk (Intersection point of more than two streets)." In certain point there is that B.B.Q point in the street that is semi covered and have open space around to sit and enjoy. There are certain open nodes within the streets that are used by children for playing and are 17 | P a g e
marked as children playing zones. In certain open spaces in shadow people have this tradition of sitting outside on "charpai" with family, friends and children in their spare time. The community center in the starting of the colony is the common communal area for the whole community. It's an open space which is organized when the important event is to be held.
BARBEQUE PLACE
PEOPLE SOCIALIZING IN STREETS
PRIVATE OPEN SPACE: The private open space refers to the space that is open and is confined within the boundary of the house. The small courtyards and terraces are the open spaces for the people living in. At certain parts in the colony the morphology of the built structure is that the terraces of individual houses are connected to each other at different levels. Therefore, that space is used by the owners and neighbors as a public space to have a good time. The open terrace space is also used for keeping birds and planters they desire. COMMERCIAL AREAS: The commercial zone of the slum consists variety of shops in a street. The street that is directly connected to the main entrance is the main commercial hub and interacting place. The street has variety of shops including vegetable shop, tuck shops, meat and chicken shops, jeweler shops, beauty salons for men and women, Gaming shops, Barber shops, repairing shops, laundry and pressing shop etc.
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5.2- COMMUNAL AREA: As mentioned above the slum is very much congested because of the narrow streets and height of the buildings therefore, the high buildings cast continuous shadow in the streets that allow the cool effect overall in the area even if there is no vegetation around. Because of the Nullah nearby the humidity level in the colony is felt relatively high. Because of the narrow streets the circulation is not very comfortable for the user and t is even harder at points where the construction material is piled up outside in the street for construction duration. Where there are empty plots, they are used as junkyards by the people.
STREET SECTION SHOWING THE OPEN SPACES AND PEOPLE COMMUNICATING IN STREETS
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5.3- VEGETATION:
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The slum is next to the park which was made for the legal residents of the sector G7/2. In between the park and slum colony there is a Nullah that runs along the east side of the colony. Therefore, the intensity of vegetation near the Nullah is more, therefore within the colony there are few trees standing in the streets or people had installed planters outside and inside their homes for aesthetic purposes.
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6.CONNECTIVITY
6.1- ACCESSIBILTY: The slums have multiple accessibility routes from all sides. There is one primary access to the site that has both pedestrian and vehicular access routes while the secondary entrances routes are all pedestrian. Entrance 1: The primary access is from Shah Abdul Latif road from south which allows both vehicular and pedestrian traffic. Entrance 2: The secondary access is also from south through Shah Abdul Latif road. This entrance has less traffic as compared to entrance 1 as it leads directly towards private residential houses. Entrance 3: The secondary access is from the north side and is only for the pedestrians. Entrance 4: The secondary access is from west and only allows pedestrian traffic. Entrance 5: The access is from north which is both for vehicular and pedestrian traffic. 6.2- VEHICULAR & PEDESTRIAN: There is only one vehicular access to the site from the south from Shah Abdul Latif road. In the beginning of the slums some cars were seen but as the streets got narrower the area slowly became a no go area for the cars. Rickshaws and motorbikes were seen inside the streets. The streets are about 9 feet wide. The whole of slums is connected by a major road that runs through the middle of the slums and other streets are connected to this main street. Thus it acts as a node and allows accessibility to all the areas of the slums. The vehicular traffic was mostly pick and drop cars or vans carrying construction materials inside the slums. 6.3- PARKING: Small numbers of cars were seen parked outside the slums as there were no parking areas inside the slums. At any time 3-5 cars were seen parking in the areas marked in the diagrams shown ahead.
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ACCESSIBILITY
5
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CONNECTIVITY
7
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7. ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT:
7.1 SERVICES: On surveying the locals, we found out that the government provides the locals with electricity and gas but they do face excessive load shedding. Diversity in class could also be seen as some houses could barely hold the structure while others had air conditioners. 7.3-DRAINAGE: The side drains along the roads lead the water to adjacent nullah. But as they are properly constructed it was overflowing on the roads. It was also noticed that the side drains were constructed long after the houses were constructed as the foundations of the houses could be seen where they cut the area for side drains. The grey water was being released on the roads which was causing excessive pollution and bad smell on the roads. 7.4-WATER SUPPLY: The area was supplied with water from the CDA however the people had to bring the drinking water from outside the slums and people were seen carrying it on their shoulders to their houses even children less than 5 years old
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SERVICE MAP —
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GAS SUPPLY UNIT
GAS SUPPLY LINES
PLUMBING FIXTURES
OPEN DRAINS
WATER STORAGE
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ELECTRIC POLES AND STREET LIGHTS WERE SEEN ON EVERY CORNER
ELECTRIC SUPPLY UNIT
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SURVEY REPORT OF HOUSEHOLDS
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8.SURVEY REPORT OF HOUSEHOLDS
Introduction: The twelve households of the 66 quarters were surveyed to gather information about the occupation and labor history of the occupants, their ethnic groups and religious affiliation, their duration of stay in the slums, crime rates and support networks. After the full survey of the site each household was selected on the basis of diversity. We wanted to cover all types of people including the ones who were the first settlers, genders, age groups and religion. Every household was interviewed separately with their consent and the information gathered was noted down and recorded.
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LABOUR HISTORY/OCCUPATION:
HISTORY: The occupants of the 66 quarters have been living in the slums for more than 35 years. The formation of the capital of Pakistan had created a lot of Job opportunities so a lot of people migrated from other cities and villages seeking jobs. Among them were the residents of the labor colony who first came on the site which is now called 66 quarters. As G-7 was one of the sectors that was developed early and the government buildings were constructed; the first migrants settled in that area. The first houses that these migrants made were mud and straw and with time as it started getting populated people started using more permanent solutions to their homes. OCCUPATIONS: On surveying the local population, the maximum majority of people stated that the first migrants had government jobs in which they worked for capital development authority. While others worked as labors. The 10 households that were surveyed had diverse jobs of which 57 % of the total people had government jobs while the other 43% worked were either self-employed or worked in private sectors. The government employees worked as CDA employees, sweepers, operators, guards, police and drivers in the government buildings such as Atomic energy, embassy etc. The self-employed worked as sweepers in residential buildings and as its guards. As salesman in their own small scale shops or other peoples, tutors (teaching the local residents), private jobs as one member worked in the audio studio.
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OCCUPATION
GENDER BASED
OFFICE TYPE:
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ETHNIC GROUP: The slums are majorly occupied by the Punjabi migrants who came from cities from all over Punjab such as Gujranwala, Sialkot, Gujar khan, Narowal among others. When asked whether there were any other ethnicity living in the area the occupants said there were 1-2 Pathan houses on one of the streets but they left the slums. RELIGIOUS AFFILIATION: Of the twelve houses we surveyed the majority was Christian population with them making total of 91% percent of population while the other 8% were Muslims. The people stated that they lived in harmony and were respectful of each other religions and never faced discrimination.
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PROPERTY & LIVING HISTORY: The households that we surveyed were living in the community from six to more than 35 years. The one who recently moved first lived in other slums and shifted to places that they considered better. Majority of people that we surveyed owned their houses while there some that rented place. All the owners stated that they owned the houses and were allotted the land that they were living in and had proper documentation to prove it. After the occupants had made their houses after claiming the land the government would allot them house numbers and documentation for identification.
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CRIME RATE: The crime rate in the slums is extremely low. The major problem that the community was facing is drugs The stated that drugs were sold to the residents of the slums from the outside. The drug-sellers had dominion in the area and people avoided any argument with them as they seemed violent. When the occupant reported them to the police they were released soon or on site of capture through bribing. Apart from that they were satisfied and had barely experienced theft. They were pretty secured as their doors were open all times as they trusted and knew each other. They said that they never faced discrimination being Christians when facing justice only the people who deserved were brought to justice and no innocent was ever falsely accused.
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SUPPORT NETWORK: o When asked if they had any kind of support network the 70% of the people said No and the remaining yes. There were plenty of NGOs working in the area and their main priority was the education in young children, bringing awareness about drugs. The prominent ngo working there was PLAN which provided aid for education. o On our visit to the site we met the workers of state bank who worked in the microfinance department who gave loans to the occupants who were looking to open business and to those who claimed the land and were looking to solidify their houses. o After the occupants had made their houses after claiming the land the government would allot them house numbers for identification.
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CONCLUSION :
66 quarters does not meet the criteria of the URBAN LIVING standard as the slums have grown overtime itself without any system and people started living and made their businesses according to their needs inside the slums wherever they found place such as in street corners etc. which has resulted in a chaotic situation. The core of the slums is very congested, whereas the periphery area is breathable. The estimate standards of the area are as follows:
Residential > 55 % + 25% Roads < 26 % -16% Majorly consists inner street less than 4-5 ft. Amenities ≈ 4 % ±0 % CLINIC S 2 CHURCHES 3 Commercial ≈ 5 % ±0 % 50 % tuck shop - 20 % Barbour shops and salons 30 % Gold shops and other gaming shops Parks & Green areas < 8 % -7 % Misc ≈2 % ±0 %
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PROPOSAL
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The analysis and studies made on the 66 Quarters slum colony have lead us to notice keenly that the area is heavily congested with less of the social,public or gathering spaces. The ususual traditions of siting outside the houses in the streets is being practiced as earlier defined above as "Thara sitting sysyetm". After the observersations made during visits and conducting interviews the general theme we decided to work on for the improvement and better living standards of the society is to make it better social place than a slum colony with serious lack of social security. Furthermore, moving in deeply and understanding the spaces in the streets and the connecting patterns of the colony its noticeable that the inter-connections are so complex that it might be difficult for an outside visitor to understand the character of that place i.e. the legibility criteria of the colony is very low. The other aspect on which our designing proposals will depend will be improving the connecting points e.g nodes defined as "chowks" locally, relative important indicators or landmarks of that slum colony e.g. chuch in an area, some shop with particular sharacter, some house with different color may be etc. The idea is to improve and define character of the places so that they become legible for the user to navigate easily. These points will the be working as a connecting network in whole colony.
PROJECTS CONSIDERED FOR SOCIAL AND RECREATIONAL PURPOSES: As mentioned above the projects are for the people to spend their time and enjoy their culter of gathering and chitchatting when free. This also includes some communal spaces that is used by the community people to convey some important message or any event conducting spaces. The projects we worked on after the above data collection are : 1. Redesigning the community centre that is already present there at the start of the entrace street one i.e. the main street in colony. Its an important place in the colony because its connected directly to the road and the entrance is from main street side. A concrete platform with a dice built is already there but the condition needs to be improved, because of the absent roof heavy rain has damaged the foor and walls.
PRESENT ANALYSIS OF THE CENTER
LOCAL OPEN ROOF COMMUNITY CENTER
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CHARACTER OF PLACE
The idea is to design the double storey comunity hall that it can accamodate more people, as it does now for about 50-60 people, with a roof so that it remains covered and the activities can be performed without the damage of weather conditions. The construction we are proposing is going to be of mixed material i.e. with concrete and wood so that it results economic and affordable construction. Also that the skilled people from the colony itself with labour occupation can take part in it.The proposed plan is with tiles platform and half ground floor with 2nd floor is for seating and other communal activities.
LOCATION IN PLAN
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PROPOSED PLAN OF THE COMMUNITY CENTER
PROPOSED MATERIAL, FORM AND STRUCTURE OF THE COMMUNITY CENTER
The Structure that been used is already being used by the residents of the colony for constructing thier houses. This is called bracket structure system .
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2. The other project we chose for the design was to create Recreational area. The site we chose was the abandoned ground of the school. The information was given by the Principal of school while an interview that the back ground that is connected to the broken boundary wall of the colony is abondaned becauseof the security reasons and no student from the school is allowed to go visit the place for any activity. the groundis also not maintained. LOCATION PLAN OF THE SCHOOL
The school is present on the north of the colony where the west part of the colony ends and the back part of the colony has exit on the main road of sector. The schools gates are accessible fro the backside of the school for students and teachers beacuse mostly teachers are from the goven,ent sector hoses near by as one teacher mentioned on an intervie. The other gates that are connected to the colony streets are locked because of the security reasons.
ABANDONED BACKGROUND OF THE SCHOOL
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Therefore, through interviews conduction and place analysis the idea we came up to was to recreate this space as the recreational space. The boundary is already been broken which is the cause for insecurity therefore main cause is to blur the boundary and connect the ground with the colony area for social security and create a public sitting space as a whole for students from the school as well as people from the colony to use in the evening after the school time. CHARACTER OF THE SCHOOL
In progress the initial ideas were to create permeable boundary wall with holes inside it so that when the people are using the ground there is visual connection with the colony and the whole colony panoramic view is visible as the school level is ten feet higher than the lane directly connecting to the residences. The walking, seating and playing area is provided so that it can be used by families, ladies, men and children.
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Initial ideas of the place in design proposal are below : IDESIGN PROPOSAL # 1 OF THE SCHOOL GROUND AS A RECREATIONAL AREA
IDESIGN PROPOSAL # 1 OF THE SCHOOL GROUND AS A RECREATIONAL AREA
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3. Recreation area to the 2nd entrance to the site as the space already has this defining boundary as boundary wall that is directly connected to a street. The sense of entrance is generated and people sit in that street in the day time and evening. LOCATION PLAN
CHARACTER OF PLACE
PROJECTS CONSIDERED FOR ENHANCING LEGIBILITY Legibility of an area is defined though the elements in that place having some unique character so that they allow the user to differentiate that place from the others. Therefore, to define the character of certain hot spots in the colony the idea is to make each point legible by adding certain features to them e.g. green patches, sitting spaces along the street walls, adding semi covered spaces to stand or talk in usual scenario etc. so that they enhance the overall ambiance of the area giving it a certain identity. These points in all can be connecting and identifiable points for the user to navigate easily in the street patterns of the colony. The other idea is to define the entrances and exits of the colony so that a sense of separate entity is literally defined. Redesigning the commercial corridor through facade renovation is the other idea to work on so that the identity of commercial place is characterized in the context. Diagram below shows the areas selected to be improved on the criteria of legibility.
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SELECTED SPACES FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF LEGIBILITY
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4. LEGIBILITY OF NODE : The major node, Node one is the main active point of the colony because it's the common intersecting point of the residential area and commercial corridor. In the existing scenario of this "chowk" the present features are shops, unpaved floor, "tharas" to sit and drainage paths along the street were running which when overflows gathers on in the main area damaging the floor and connecting walls.
SELECTED SPACES FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF LEGIBILITY
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Locally available stones are used to lay down the paved street so that it is economic and blends in the natural context of the area. Green patches are added to some points so that effect of green space within the colony is maintained. Sitting spaces are designed along the walls so that along with "tharas" these spaces are used by the residents and add to the character of space along with being social space.
PROPOSED PLAN TO ENHANCE THE ESSENCE OF SPACE ----- NODE
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