FABRIC FORMWORK
PARAMETRIC STUDIO FABRIC FORMWORK COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN GEOMETRIC EXPLORATION AND MATERIAL EXPLORATION MATERIAL : BAMBOO STICK AND LYCRA ( FOUR WAY STRECHABLE FABRIC )
SUBMITTED BY : NEHA KUMARI PRAGYA LAKSHMI JANHAVI GUPTA
Our Aim was to develop a doubly curve surface that could be adapt to variety of configuration and easily reproduced. The project research started with geometric exploration with Affordable , resistant and light structure we chose Bamboo struts and Lycra ( Four way streachable ) and third tieing matrial pico thread as a studied material. We investigated its principal characteristic , limitation , and possible joinery detail. In the beginning to obtain doubly curve surface we explore different types of geometry formation with bamboo struts , Lycra and pico thread.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT
Secondly we explore the effect of different geometries resulting from a system of arrangement of struts ( bamboo sticks ) and four way stretchable fabric or elastic membrane ( lycra ) in diffrent pattern . With aim to achieve doubly curved surface.Firstly, attempt to utilize a single component to create a varied 3D , doubly curved surface assembly . The component is composed of a single geometric form with a system of notches.That when assembled to create 3D network of component to keep maximum cloth in tension with minimum material , such resulting form achieves a height. Once the project was thought as a system developed that can be adapt to many organisation, analysis were ran to demonstrate the system potential and its possible appliance, for example Mesh density , and membrane placing were studied to reach a sun shading function, radiation , shadow function for structure. The process was taken thought digital and physical exploration combined . For instance , physical intractive prototypes were required to joints behaviour comprehension and its reproduction on digital domain . On the other hand computational tools were necessary to generate accurate globle organisation and to prove that the system works in a 1 : 1 scale.
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
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01. Introduction 02. Material choice 03. Doubly curve experiment: 3.1. Chapter : 1- TRI-aNGULATION 3.1.1 : Initial experiment 3.1.2 : Stage : 1 : Exploration with bamboo struts, lycra and pico thread. 3.1.3 : Stage : 2 : Exploration with system of different geometry. 3.2. Chapter : 2 - TENSe-FRAMING 3.2.1 : Initial experiment 3.2.2 : Stage : 1 : Exploration with bamboo struts and lycra. 3.2.3 : Stage : 2 : Experiments with selected geometry. 3.2.4 : Stage : 3 : Final module .
CONTENT
CONTENTS
04. Conditions considered. 2
05. The Site : intervention. 06. Joints design. 07. Iteration and its detail 08. Analysis. 8.1 : Daylight analysis. 8.2 : Solar Radiation analysis. 8.3 : Sunpath 8.4 : wind roase 09. Model Assembly. 10. Planning 11. Conclusion. 12. Refrence.
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
Tensile structure is a construction of elements carrying only tension and no compression. The term tensile should not be confused with tensegrity, which is a structural form with both tension and compression elements. They are the most common type of thin-shell structures. During material exploration, bamboo and 4-ways stretchable fabric i.e., lycra proved to be the most suitable material to develop a light weight structure. Physical exploration is divided into two parts:
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
 Triangulation - in which bamboo sticks are tied up with third material, then fabric is cut into triangular shape; fabric is then stretched and pasted to bamboo. This process was a failure because fabric failed to act as a main component and acted as a skin.  Tens-framing - Wooden frames were created of A3 and A0 size, nailing was done after every 35mm so that it could hold the fabric and create tension. A certain pattern was created by bamboos. Then fabric was removed from the nail, bamboo helped the fabric to get shape and also acted as struts. During digital analysis, the experiments were digitally created and analyzed to prove that they could be reproduced in a large scale. Our ambition with this project was not only to develop a doubly curved structure but also to prove that the materials used in it are light weighted and have strength.
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
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Membrane structures utilize principles of tensegrity to resolve tension and compression forces into an ultralightweight, free-spanning structureThey consist of two main elements: 1) a continuous textile membrane 2) a series of compressive struts.
Lycra (textile membrane)
Bamboo Strut The material lycra also known as spandex has been used as a continuous membrane treated as a flexible cover. Generally, it can be stretched more than 500% without breaking, Stronger, more durable and higher retractive force than rubber. Fig. length of the strut To accommodate the concentrations of stress, the fabric is streched in terms of its elasticity. The fabric then, was cut into desired size in terms of its strechability.
15 10 35 20
240
55 30 80 40 110 50
The bamboo struts are long sticks usually 240 mm long, with 3mm diameter. The struts were cut into desired size, and were tied using pico tangus thread.
3
MATERIAL CHOICE
MATERIAL CHOICE
24
125 60
3
4
Fig. diameter of the strurt 145 70 180 80 195 90 220 100
Fig. strechability of lycra
Fig. struts
Fig. struts formed to triangles
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
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Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
CHAPTER : 01
01. TRI-aNGULATION MATERIAL : Bamboo struts & lycra , to fixed structure third material pico thread used to tie. Lightweight , Tensegrity membrane This research focus on trying to obtain doubly curve surface from different angle oe same angle is repeating for complete form or system or module , tieing with third member , making as self supporting membrane . Project explore the possibilityof framing of lycra membrane with hinged bamboo frame to obtain doubly curved surface . Making structure lightweight and integrating all the elements within the membrane were the primery conceptual drivers. The objective is to create structure firstly through framing with bamboo struts and later it bears its own load on the account of tensigrity. The structure consist of soft membrane with rigid elementvand inflatably patterns that are seamlessly integrated with it.
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
5-6
EXPERIMENT : 1 : Aim to generate doubly curved surface from a single unit (triangle ) made of struts with joing edge.
60
Shape of geometry. Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)
Fig .1. Strut arrangments forming triangle as one unit.
80
VARIABLE:
110
60
80
80
CONSTANT : Size of struts. Thickness of struts. Connecting point. No . of triangle.
50
60
110 Fig.2. Strut and lycra arrangment
110 Fig.3. Lycra streached to fit in triangle 7
No . of trignale : 1 No of strut :3
Fig .4. Strut arrangments forming triangle as one unit.
Fig.5. Strut and lycra arrangment
Fig.6. Lycra streached to fit in triangle
INFERENCE: Height proportional to length of struts
Connection point Tension point
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
Type : 1 : This system is derived from connecting vertex of the triangle with each other and five triangle are used to make this module
CONSTANT : Size of struts. Thickness of struts. Connecting point. No . of triangle. VARIABLE:
Shape of geometry. Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)
356
Fig .1. Plan with connection
Fig.2. Side connection
Fig.3. spread of module
No . of trignale : 5 No of strut : 15 Hinged joint : 4
241
356
Fig .4. Plan with tension point
Fig.5. Side with tension point
Fig.6. Height Obtained
Fig .7. Top view
Fig.8. Side View
Fig.9. Isometric view
INFERENCE: Height proportional to length of struts : adding more triangle result in more doubly curve
Connection point Tension point
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
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Type : 2 : This system is derived from connecting edge of the triangle with each other and nine triangle are used to make this module
380
CONSTANT : Size of struts. Thickness of struts. Connecting point. No . of triangle. VARIABLE:
Shape of geometry. Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)
Fig .1. Plan with connection
Fig.2. Side connection
Fig.3. spread of module
150
No . of trignale : 9 No of strut : 27 Hinged joint : 10
380
Fig .4. Plan with tension point
Fig.5. Side with tension point
Fig.6. Height Obtained
Fig .7. Top view
Fig.8. Side View
Fig.9. Isometric view
INFERENCE: Height proportional to length of struts : adding more triangle result in more doubly curve
Connection point Tension point
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
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PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
Type : 3 : This system is derived from connecting face of the triangle with each other .
VARIABLE:
223 PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
Fig .1. Plan with connection
No . of trignale : 9 No of strut : 27 Hinged joint : 6
138
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
Shape of geometry. Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
CONSTANT : Size of struts. Thickness of struts. Connecting point. No . of triangle.
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
Fig.2. Side connection
Fig.3. spread of module
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
138
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
Fig.5. Side with tension point
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
Fig .4. Plan with tension point
Fig.6. Height Obtained
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
INFERENCE: Height proportional to length of struts : adding more triangle result in more doubly curve
Connection point Tension point
Fig .7. Top view
Fig.8. Side View
Fig.9. Isometric view Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
10
147
Type : 4 : This system is derived from connecting edge and vertex of the triangle with each other at centre of the strut.
CONSTANT : Size of struts. Thickness of struts. Connecting point. No . of triangle. VARIABLE:
384
Shape of geometry. Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)
Fig .1. Plan with connection
Fig.2. Side connection
Fig.3. spread of module
171
No . of trignale : 15 No of strut : 45 Hinged joint : 10
11
Fig .4. Plan with tension point
Fig.5. Side with tension point
Fig.6. Height Obtained
Fig .7. Top view
Fig.8. Side View
Fig.9. Isometric view
INFERENCE: Height proportional to length of struts : adding more triangle result in more doubly curve
Connection point Tension point
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
Type : 4 : This system is derived from connecting face to face of the triangle with each other. PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
94
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
Shape of geometry. Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)
343
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
Fig .1. Plan with connection
Fig.2. Side connection
Fig.3. spread of module PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
VARIABLE:
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
CONSTANT : Size of struts. Thickness of struts. Connecting point. No . of triangle.
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
No . of trignale : 14 No of strut : 42 Hinged joint : 8
148
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
Fig .4. Plan with tension point
343
Fig.5. Side with tension point
Fig.6. Height Obtained PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
INFERENCE: Height proportional to length of struts : adding more triangle result in more doubly curve
Fig .7. Top view Connection point Tension point
Fig.8. Side View
Fig.9. Isometric view Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
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EXPERIMENT : 2 : Aim to generate doubly curved surface from a single unit (Square ) made of struts with joing edge.
90 CONSTANT : Size of struts. Thickness of struts. Connecting point. No . of triangle. VARIABLE:
Shape of geometry. Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)
80
80
60
90 110
110
Fig .1. Strut arrangments forming Square as one unit.
Fig.2. Strut and lycra arrangment
110 Fig.3. Lycra streached to fit in triangle 13
No . ofSquare : 1 No of strut :4
INFERENCE: Height proportional to length of struts
Fig .4. Strut arrangments forming Square as one unit.
Connection point Tension point
Fig.5. Strut and lycra arrangment
Fig.6. Lycra streached to fit in triangle
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
222
Type : 1 : This system is derived from connecting vertex of the triangle with each other.
VARIABLE:
128
CONSTANT : Size of struts. Thickness of struts. Connecting point. No . of triangle.
443
Shape of geometry. Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)
No . ofSquare : 6 No of strut : 24 hinged joint : 5
Fig .1. Plan with connection
Fig.2. Side connection
Fig.3. spread of module
14 434
Fig .4. Plan with tension point
Fig.5. Side with tension point
Fig.6. Height Obtained
Fig .7. Top view
Fig.8. Side View
Fig.9. Isometric view
INFERENCE: Height proportional to length of struts : adding more Square result in more doubly curve
Connection point Tension point
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
151
Type : 2 : This system is derived from connecting face of the triangle with each other , Aim to create doubly curve surface from the module
VARIABLE:
66
CONSTANT : Size of struts. Thickness of struts. Connecting point. No . of triangle.
162 356
Shape of geometry. Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)
Fig .1. Plan with connection
Fig.2. Side connection
Fig.3. spread of module
No . of Square : 16 No of strut : 64 hinged joint : 20
15
Fig .4. Plan with tension point
Fig.5. Side with tension point
Fig.6. isometric view connection
Fig .7. Top view
Fig.8. Side View
Fig.9. Isometric view
INFERENCE: Height proportional to length of struts : adding more Square result in more doubly curve
Connection point Tension point
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
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Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
17
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
EXPERIMENT : 4 : Aim to generate doubly curved surface from a single unit triangle by making differnt angle or geometry in between forms , which is made of struts with joing edge.
VARIABLE:
161
500
CONSTANT : Size of struts. Thickness of struts. Connecting point. No . of triangle. 851
Shape of geometry. Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)
Fig .1. side view
Fig.2.height and curvature obtained Fig.3:
Plan
Number of struts : 396 No of triangle : 132 No of triangle as single unit : 44 Creating geometric pattern in between single triangle units for form.
18
Length : 85cm Height : 50cm Fig .4. Single unit triangle
Fig.5. triangle at different angle
Fig.6.triangle forming pentagon
Fig .7. Top view
Fig.8. Side View
Fig.9. Isometric view
INFERENCE: Height proportional to length of struts : adding more Square result in more doubly curve
Connection point Tension point
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
19
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
EXPERIMENT : 5 : Aim to generate doubly curved surface from a single unit triangle by making triangle as one unit and derived many geometry from that one single unit , which is made of struts with joing edge. 322 174
350
104
263
325 565
Shape of geometry. Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)
Number of struts : 288
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
115
VARIABLE:
600
CONSTANT : Size of struts. Thickness of struts. Connecting point. No . of triangle.
194 481
Fig .1. Plan
Fig.2. plan with connection detail Fig.3. height and curvature obtained
No of triangle : 96 No of triangle as single unit : 32 Creating geometric pattern in between single triangle units for form.
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
20 Length : 60cm Height : 35cm
Fig .4. Single unit triangle
Fig.5. connection or hinjed point
Fig.6. connection or hinjed points
Fig .7. Top view
Fig.8. Side View
Fig.9. Side view
INFERENCE: Height proportional to length of struts : adding more Square result in more doubly curve
Connection point Tension point
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
21
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
EXPERIMENT : 6 : Aim to generate doubly curved surface from a single unit Square by creating square inside the square system , which are made of struts with joing edge.
VARIABLE:
504
CONSTANT : Size of struts. Thickness of struts. Connecting point. No . of triangle. Shape of geometry. Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)
Number of struts : 342
750
Fig .1. Plan with connection
Fig.2. Side connection
Fig.3. spread of module
No of triangle : 114 No of square as single unit : 38
337
Creating geometric pattern in between single triangle units for form. Length : 75cm Height : 55cm
Fig .4. Plan with tension point
Fig.5. Side with tension point
Fig.6. Height Obtained
Fig .7. Top view
Fig.8. Side View
Fig.9. Isometric view
INFERENCE: Height proportional to length of struts : adding more Square result in more doubly curve
Connection point Tension point
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
22
23
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
EXPERIMENT : 7 : Aim to generate doubly curved surface from a single unit (with 3 triangle as 1 single unit edge with different material wall tube.
) made of struts with joing
CONSTANT : Size of struts. Thickness of struts. Connecting point. No . of triangle. VARIABLE:
Shape of geometry. Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)
Number of struts : 108
Fig .1. Plan with connection
Fig.2. Side connection
Fig.3. spread of module
No of triangle : 36 No of triangle as single unit : 12 Creating geometric pattern in between single triangle units for obtain a doubly curve surface but tube has limitation and not long lasting.
24
Fig .4. Plan with tension point
INFERENCE: Height proportional to length of struts : adding more Square result in more doubly curve : tube are not flexible for Fig .7. Top view bigger module
Connection point Tension point
Fig.5. Side with tension point
Fig.6. Height Obtained
Fig.8. Side View
Fig.9. Isometric view Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
25
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
EXPERIMENT : 8 : Generate doubly curved surface from a
single unit with five triagle to make pantagon as single units, which is made of struts with joing edge. And three pentagon joined together to form a single unit.
CONSTANT : Size of struts. Thickness of struts. Connecting point. No . of triangle. VARIABLE:
Shape of geometry. Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)
Number of struts : 540
Fig .1. Plan with connection
Fig.2. Side connection
Fig.3. spread of module
No of triangle : 180 No of pentagon as single unit : 36 Creating geometric pattern in between single triangle units for form. 26
Length : 75cm Height : 50cm
750
Fig .4. Plan with tension point
INFERENCE: Height proportional to length of struts : adding more Square result in more doubly curve : tube are not flexible for Fig .7. Top view bigger module
Connection point Tension point
Fig.5. Side with tension point
Fig.6. Height Obtained
Fig.8. Side View
Fig.9. Isometric view Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
INTRODUCTION 7
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
CHAPTER : 02
02. TENSe - FRAMING MATERIAL : Bamboo struts & lycra . Lightweight , Tensegrity membrane This research focus on trying to obtain doubly curve surface from different angle of system or module with tieing with third member , making as self supporting membrane . Project explore the possibilityof framing of lycra membrane with hinged bamboo frame to obtain doubly curved surface . Making structure lightweight and integrating all the elements within the membrane were the primery conceptual drivers. The objective is to create structure firstly through framing with bamboo struts and later it bears its own load on the account of tensigrity. The structure consist of soft membrane with rigid elementvand inflatably patterns that are seamlessly integrated with it.
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
27-28
01:
VARIABLE:
10cm
CONSTANT : Size of struts. Thickness of struts. No . of struts.
10
0
Height= material thickness 3mm
Aim to generate doubly curved surface from a single unit Triangles
60
Shape of geometry. Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)
Fig .1.
02:
Plan
Fig.2.
Top view
Fig.3.
Side view
100
Aim to generate doubly curved surface from a single unit Square. CONSTANT : Size of struts. Thickness of struts. No . of Struts. VARIABLE:
5cm
Shape of geometry. Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)
90
Fig .1.
03:
Aim to generate doubly curved surface from a single unit Pentagon
10cm
Plan
Fig.2.
Top view
Side view
0
10cm
2cm
Shape of geometry. Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)
INFERENCE: Height proportional to 1/2length of struts : more struts leads to doubly curve surface
Fig.3.
10
CONSTANT : Size of struts. Thickness of struts. No . ofstruts. VARIABLE:
29
108
Fig .1.
Plan
Fig.2.
Top view
Fig.3.
Side view
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
04:
Aim to generate doubly curved surface from a single unit Hexagon.
0
10
10cm CONSTANT : Size of struts. Thickness of struts. No . of Struts. VARIABLE:
120
Shape of geometry. Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)
Fig .1.
05:
Aim to generate doubly curved surface from a single unit Septagon.
Plan
Fig.2.
Top view
Side view
100
10cm
CONSTANT : Size of struts. Thickness of struts. No . of struts. VARIABLE:
Fig.3.
Shape of geometry. Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)
30
128.57
Fig .1.
Plan
Fig.2.
Top view
Fig.3.
Side view
10
Aim to generate doubly curved surface from a single unit Septagon.
0
06:
10cm CONSTANT : Size of struts. Thickness of struts. No . of Struts. VARIABLE:
Shape of geometry. Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)
INFERENCE: Height proportional to 1/2length of struts : more struts leads to doubly curve surface
135
Fig .1.
Plan
Fig.2.
Top view
Fig.3.
Side view
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
FRAME DETAIL
01:
89
4
36
29
7
6
0
42
18
0
0 25
Distance between nail : 35
Fig .1. Plan with nail detail
80
297
35
Frame size : 420 X 297.
420
Fig.2. Frame detail
Fig.3. Nail detail
31
Fig .4. lycra arrangement
02:
Fig.2. Nail arrangement
Fig.3. frame with lycra
35
Frame size : 1189 x 841
1
89
11
80
1189
Distance between nail : 35
Fig .1. Plan with nail detail
30
841
Fig.2. Lycra arrangment
91
84
8
5 12
Fig.3. Frame detail
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
0
Aim to generate doubly curved surface from a single vertical struts with frame size 420x297 and lycra 18x25cm
CONSTANT : Size of struts. Thickness of struts. No . of struts. Shape of geometry. Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)
Fig.2. 230
VARIABLE:
420
Plan view
Fig.3.
Side view
297
01:
73
241
Fig.1.
199
Number of strut : 8
Plan
111
Fig.4.
CONSTANT : Size of struts. Thickness of struts. No . of struts. VARIABLE:
Fig.5.
module dimension
Aim to generate doubly curved surface from a single strutsforming a horizonal line on frame 420x297 and lycra 18x25cm
32
420 150
60
Shape of geometry. Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)
297
02:
Plan view
Fig.2.
Plan view
Fig.3.
Side view
Fig.4.
Plan view
Fig.5.
Side view
Number of strut : 10
Fig.1.
INFERENCE: Height proportional to 1/2length of struts : more struts leads to doubly curve surface
Tension point
Plan
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
Aim to generate doubly curved surface from creating a pattern at angle of 60 degree and used glue to stick strut in the lycra
VARIABLE:
Shape of geometry. Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)
420
a
Fig.2.
Plan view
Fig.3.
Fig.4.
Plan view
Fig.5.
Side view
297
CONSTANT : Size of struts. Thickness of struts. No . of struts.
10 0
03:
Number of strut : 18
Fig.1. strut arrangement
Aim to generate doubly curved surface from creating Random pattern and used glue to stick strut in the lycra
420
CONSTANT : Size of struts. Thickness of struts. No . of struts. VARIABLE:
Shape of geometry. Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)
Number of strut : 28
33
0
14
Fig.2.
Plan view
Fig.3.
Fig.4.
Plan view
Fig.5.
Side view
297
04:
Side view
100 Fig.1. strut arrangement
INFERENCE: Height proportional to 1/2length of struts : more struts leads to doubly curve surface
Tension point
Side view
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
05:
Aim to generate doubly curved surface from creating Random pattern
420
10
Shape of geometry. Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)
297
VARIABLE:
0
CONSTANT : Size of struts. Thickness of struts. No . of struts.
Fig.2.
Plan view
Fig.3.
Fig.4.
Plan view
Fig.5.
Side view
Number of strut : 23
Fig.1. strut arrangement
Aim to generate doubly curved surface from creating Random pattern
420
Shape of geometry. Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)
150
CONSTANT : Size of struts. Thickness of struts. No . of struts. VARIABLE:
34
297
06:
Side view
Fig.2.
Plan view
Fig.3.
Fig.4.
Plan view
Fig.5.
Side view
Number of strut : 21
Fig.1. strut arrangement
INFERENCE: Height proportional to 1/2length of struts : more struts leads to doubly curve surface
Tension point
Side view
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
35
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
07:
Aim to generate doubly curved surface from a cetain anglular and linear arrangment strut on one side of lycra 145
420 10
72
297
0
175
a
134
50
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
102 131 PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
Fig.1. strut arrangement
Fig.2.
Plan view
Fig.3.
Side view
CONSTANT : Size of struts. Thickness of struts. No . of struts.
Fig.4.
Plan view
Fig.5.
Fig.7.
Plan view
Fig.8.
78
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
Number of strut : 62
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
Shape of geometry. Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)
136
Side view
Fig.6.
Front view
Fig.9.
Front view
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
INFERENCE: Height proportional to 1/2length of struts : more struts leads to doubly curve surface
Tension point
Side view
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
VARIABLE:
36
08:
Aim to generate doubly curved surface from a cetain anglular and linear arrangment of struts on both side of the lycra.
122 420 50 10
57 51 33
205 248
297
0
43
a
122 Fig.1. strut arrangement
Fig.2.
Plan view
Fig.3.
Side view
CONSTANT : Size of struts. Thickness of struts. No . of struts. VARIABLE:
Shape of geometry. Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)
Number of strut : 62
INFERENCE: Height proportional to 1/2length of struts : more struts leads to doubly curve surface
Tension point
37
Fig.4.
Plan view
Fig.5.
Side view
Fig.6.
Front view
Fig.7.
Plan view
Fig.8.
Side view
Fig.9.
Front view
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
09:
Aim to generate doubly curved surface from a cetain anglular and linear arrangment of struts on both side of the lycra by cutting in middle of strut and allowing to pass the strut through lycra.
122
77
209
146
297
50
a
201
420 50
224
138 183 Fig.1. strut arrangement
Fig.2.
Plan view
Fig.3.
Side view
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
Number of strut : 62
Fig.4.
Plan view
Fig.5.
Fig.7.
Plan view
Fig.8.
Side view
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
Shape of geometry. Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
VARIABLE:
209
CONSTANT : Size of struts. Thickness of struts. No . of struts.
Fig.6.
Front view
Fig.9.
Front view
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
INFERENCE: Height proportional to 1/2length of struts : more struts leads to doubly curve surface
Tension point
Side view
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
38
10:
Aim to generate doubly curved surface from a cetain anglular and linear arrangment of struts on both side of the lycra by changing the dirrection and side of lycra. 290
66
76
224
263
a
297
10
0
620
114
113 301
75
263 301
Fig.1. strut arrangement
Fig.2.
Plan view
Fig.3.
Side view
CONSTANT : Size of struts. Thickness of struts. No . of struts. VARIABLE:
Shape of geometry. Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)
Number of strut : 94
INFERENCE: Height proportional to 1/2length of struts : more struts leads to doubly curve surface
Tension point
39
Fig.4.
Plan view
Fig.5.
Side view
Fig.6.
Front view
Fig.7.
Plan view
Fig.8.
Side view
Fig.9.
Front view
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
40
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
41
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
11:
Aim to generate doubly curved surface from a cetain anglular and linear arrangment of struts onone side of lycra keeping one strut size constant 14cm . 157
1189
140
201
179
165
451
490
841
a
218
Fig.1. strut arrangement
Fig.2.
Plan view
Fig.3.
Side view
CONSTANT : Size of struts. Thickness of struts. No . of struts. VARIABLE:
Shape of geometry. Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)
Number of strut : 128
INFERENCE: Height proportional to 1/2length of struts : more struts leads to doubly curve surface
Tension point
42
Fig.4.
Plan view
Fig.5.
Side view
Fig.6.
Front view
Fig.7.
Plan view
Fig.8.
Side view
Fig.9.
Front view
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
12:
Aim to generate doubly curved surface by changing the geometric pattern , from angular to linear arrangment and allowing strut to pass both side in middle of the struts.
420
55
297
80
64
40
152
Fig.1. strut arrangement
Fig.2.
Plan view
159
Fig.3.
Side view
CONSTANT : Size of struts. Thickness of struts. No . of struts. VARIABLE:
Shape of geometry. Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)
Number of strut : 70
INFERENCE: Height proportional to 1/2length of struts : more struts leads to doubly curve surface
Tension point
43
Fig.4.
Plan view
Fig.5.
Side view
Fig.6.
Front view
Fig.7.
Plan view
Fig.8.
Side view
Fig.9.
Front view
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
13:
Aim to generate doubly curved surface by changing the geometric pattern , from angular to linear arrangment and allowing strut to pass lycra both side in middle of the struts and increasing the distance between two struts.
63
77
138
297
80
420
80
183 Fig.1. strut arrangement
Fig.2.
Plan view
Fig.3.
Side view
CONSTANT : Size of struts. Thickness of struts. No . of struts. VARIABLE:
Shape of geometry. Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)
Number of strut : 10
INFERENCE: Height proportional to 1/2length of struts : more struts leads to doubly curve surface
Tension point
44
Fig.4.
Plan view
Fig.5.
Side view
Fig.6.
Front view
Fig.7.
Plan view
Fig.8.
Side view
Fig.9.
Front view
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
45
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
This pattern is derived by geometric alphabet T , the member are alligned in 45degree to form continuous and staggerd system.
420
297
95
225
50
56
14:
150
155 Fig.1. strut arrangement
Fig.2.
Plan view
Fig.3.
Side view
CONSTANT : Size of struts. Thickness of struts. No . of struts. VARIABLE:
Shape of geometry. Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)
Number of strut : 98
46
Fig.4.
INFERENCE: Height proportional to 1/2length of struts : more struts leads to doubly curve surface
Tension point
Fig.7.
Plan view
Plan view
Fig.5.
Side view
Fig.6.
Front view
Fig.8.
Side view
Fig.9.
Front view
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
47
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
15:
This pattern is derived by geometric alphabet T , the member are alligned in 45degree to form continuous and staggerd system but this experiment we increase the frame size .1189x841 and strut size is 14cm 151 1189
153
136
841
514
537
425
35
140
543 209 280
Fig.1. strut arrangement
Fig.2.
Plan view
Fig.3.
Side view
CONSTANT : Size of struts. Thickness of struts. No . of struts. VARIABLE:
Shape of geometry. Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)
Number of strut : 98
48
Fig.4.
INFERENCE: Height proportional to 1/2length of struts : more struts leads to doubly curve surface
Tension point
Fig.7.
Plan view
Plan view
Fig.5.
Side view
Fig.6.
Front view
Fig.8.
Side view
Fig.9.
Front view
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
49
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
16:
This pattern is derived by geometric alphabet T , the member are alligned in 45degree to form continuous and staggerd system but this experiment we increase the frame size .1189x841 and strut size is 7cm 253
166
414
841
530
1189
70
530
200
Fig.1. strut arrangement
Fig.2.
Plan view
Fig.3.
Side view
CONSTANT : Size of struts. Thickness of struts. No . of struts. VARIABLE:
Shape of geometry. Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)
Number of strut : 392
50
Fig.4.
INFERENCE: Height proportional to 1/2length of struts : more struts leads to doubly curve surface
Tension point
Fig.7.
Plan view
Plan view
Fig.5.
Side view
Fig.6.
Front view
Fig.8.
Side view
Fig.9.
Front view
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
51
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
17:
Aim to generate doubly curved surface from a cetain anglular and linear arrangment of struts with size 14 cm x 14 cm and frame size 1189 x 841. 95 1189 a
470
841
100
132
14
0
140
69
Fig.2.
Plan view
103
Fig.1. strut arrangement
Fig.3.
342 470
58
Side view
CONSTANT : Size of struts. Thickness of struts. No . of struts. VARIABLE:
Shape of geometry. Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)
Number of strut : 128
52
Fig.4.
INFERENCE: Height proportional to 1/2length of struts : more struts leads to doubly curve surface
Tension point
Fig.7.
Plan view
Plan view
Fig.5.
Side view
Fig.6.
Front view
Fig.8.
Side view
Fig.9.
Front view
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
53
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
11:
Aim to generate doubly curved surface from a cetain anglular and linear arrangment of struts with size 10 cm x 10 cm and frame size 1189 x 841.
56 112
841
217 138 136
a
525
10 0
1189 100
324 497
497
Fig.1. strut arrangement
Fig.2.
Plan view
Fig.3.
Side view
CONSTANT : Size of struts. Thickness of struts. No . of struts. VARIABLE:
Shape of geometry. Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)
Number of strut : 140
54
Fig.4.
INFERENCE: Height proportional to 1/2length of struts : more struts leads to doubly curve surface
Tension point
Fig.7.
Plan view
Plan view
Fig.5.
Side view
Fig.6.
Front view
Fig.8.
Side view
Fig.9.
Front view
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
55
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
11:
Aim to generate doubly curved surface from a cetain anglular and linear arrangment of struts with size 14 cm x 14 cm and frame size 1189 x 841. 440
1189
140
84
841
378
205 142 114
a
278
137 176
39
506 572
Fig.1. strut arrangement
Fig.2.
Plan view
Fig.3.
Side view
Shape of geometry. Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)
142
106
VARIABLE:
Number of strut : 114
Tension point
56
572
Fig.4.
INFERENCE: Height proportional to 1/2length of struts : more struts leads to doubly curve surface
197
CONSTANT : Size of struts. Thickness of struts. No . of struts.
Fig.7.
Plan view
Plan view
Fig.5.
Side view
Fig.6.
Front view
Fig.8.
Side view
Fig.9.
Front view
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
57
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
11:
Aim to generate doubly curved surface from a cetain anglular and linear arrangment of struts and one strut with supporting other size 10 cm x 10 cm and frame size 1189 x 841. 312
100
1189
161
400
490 445
841
a
490
248
Fig.1. strut arrangement
Fig.2.
Plan view
Fig.3.
Side view
CONSTANT : Size of struts. Thickness of struts. No . of struts. VARIABLE:
Shape of geometry. Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)
Number of strut : 166
58
Fig.4.
INFERENCE: Height proportional to 1/2length of struts : more struts leads to doubly curve surface
Tension point
Fig.7.
Plan view
Plan view
Fig.5.
Side view
Fig.6.
Front view
Fig.8.
Side view
Fig.9.
Front view
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
59
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
11:
Aim to generate doubly curved surface from a cetain anglular and linear arrangment of struts with size 10 cm x 14 cm and frame size 1189 x 841. 268 1189
187 207
571
a
841
10 0
140
363 571 303 551
Fig.1. strut arrangement
Fig.2.
Plan view
Fig.3.
Side view
CONSTANT : Size of struts. Thickness of struts. No . of struts. VARIABLE:
Shape of geometry. Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)
Number of strut : 138
60
Fig.4.
INFERENCE: Height proportional to 1/2length of struts : more struts leads to doubly curve surface
Tension point
Fig.7.
Plan view
Plan view
Fig.5.
Side view
Fig.6.
Front view
Fig.8.
Side view
Fig.9.
Front view
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
Conditions consiered Environmental factors considered in design
61
The Site at Riverfront , spokane washinton is vulnerable to almost all environmental factors having no high buildings except clock tower . designing a spatial configuration should have a system performance based on its morphology along with the consideration of its access point as the major function . The amount of sun exposure is less and quite suitable for human comfort as climate of spokane , is very cold and cloudy.
A light structure having a system made of fabric seemed suitable for such context. The fabric shields from wind while also providing translucent light inside the spatial arrangement . The access points helped create the initial orientation. The access points and the importance to being in centre of the park and riverfront help to create the initial orientation , Plannig of spaces on site. Other consideration was taken into account like basic functions like waiting, passage , view to see the riverfront park .
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
The site : plan of intervention The different areas of intervention and cluster strategy
62
Waiting area
Sun prone Area
The space provides maximum covered area to cope with the function Maximum sunlight in this area , and these area are covered by pavillion. of seating and queing requirement before the arrival of the visitors and tourists . And its also hold the maximum amount of sheltered area connecting the major access points.
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
Iteration and its detail Idea was to generate the most efficient structure in terms of height
and span of the structure.
ITERATION 1 10 0
140
1189
841
a
Fig .1.
Plan
Fig .2.
Plan
Fig .3.
Side view
Fig .4.
Front view
Plan
Fig .3.
Side view
Fig .4.
Front view
Plan
Fig .3.
Side view
Fig .4.
Front view
ITERATION 2 1189
10
0
140
841
a
Fig .1.
Plan
Fig .2.
ITERATION 3 1189
a
841
10 0
140
Fig .1.
Plan
Fig .2.
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
CONSTANT : Size of struts. Thickness of struts. No . of struts.
Fig .5.
Isometric
Fig .6.
VARIABLE:
128
54
133
450
First Iteration Number of strut in first iteration : 128 strut size : 10 cm , 14cm Height achieved : 12 cm
Height and curvature achieved
Second Iteration Number of strut in second iteration : 64 strut size : 10 cm , 14cm Height achieved : 12 cm
Isometric
Fig .6.
83 128
37
500
Fig .5.
Shape of geometry. Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)
Third Iteration Number of strut in first iteration : 256 strut size : 10 cm , 14cm Height achieved : 10 cm
Height and curvature achieved
Fig .5.
Isometric
Fig .6.
107
50
550 INFERENCE: Height proportional to 1/2length of struts : more struts leads to doubly curve surface
Height and curvature achieved Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
63-64
Model assembly
10 0
140
CONSTANT : Size of struts. Thickness of struts. No . of struts.
1189
a
841
VARIABLE:
Shape of geometry. Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)
Number of strut : 138
On frame size : module scale is 1: 50 Height achieved : 14cm max Side height : 12 cm and minimum height is 8 cm On scale 1:1 Front height : 3.5m Side height : 6m minimum side height is 2.5m
Size of the strut : 10cm , 14 cm
Fig .1. Plan with connection
65
Fig .1. Plan with connection
Fig .1. Plan with connection
Fig .1. Plan with connection
Fig .1. Plan with connection
Fig .1. Plan with connection
Fig .1. Plan with connection
Fig .1. Plan with connection
Fig .1. Plan with connection Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
The 20-metre-long, up to 14-metre-wide and 6-metre-high volume is self-supporting and comprises only two kinds of component: the metal bearing elements and a delicate space-enclosing skin consisting of an 0.7-mm membrane of elastic polyester fabric. The membrane is drawn over metal tubes that create a tensegrity system and forms the tension element. The 128 compression bars are 30-mm diameter aluminum tubes of various lengths and there is no contact between them; instead, they are connected to the skin by sliding the ends into sheaths sewn on. The membrane is anchored at the base like a conventional tent with pegs consisting of aluminum tubes with tips pressed together to form a point. The overall structure was tensioned on all sides, pushed upwards at the same time in the interior and finally fixed to the ground. The convex and concave forms resulting from this create an animated surface and a lively interplay of light and shade
66
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
Joint design
3m
6m
A
Front elevation
B
67 30
30 MM ALUMINIUM ROD
FABRIC POCKET
240 3.2
MEMBRANE
76
Connection detail at A
25
Connection detail at B
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
20m
14m
Plan
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
68
Daylight analysis Summer solstice 21 june analysis Hottest day : 2 aug daylight analysis
ITERATION 1
10 0
140
1189
841
a
Plan
Plan view
Average value obtained : 3.2hrs
Average value obtained : 3.1hrs
Plan view
Average value obtained : 1.6hrs
Average value obtained : 1.5 hrs
Plan view
Average value obtained : 2.7hrs
Average value obtained : 2.8hrs
ITERATION 2 1189
10
0
140
841
a
Plan ITERATION 3 1189
a
841
10 0
140
Plan
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
winter solstice 22 december analysis
coldest day : 23feb daylight analysis
Hottest day : 2 aug daylight analysis
coldest day : 23feb daylight analysis
Average value obtained : 2.6hrs
Average value obtained : 2.8hrs
Daylight on surface in hottest day Daylight on surface in coldest day
69-70
Average value obtained : 0.9hrs
Average value obtained : 1.2hrs
Daylight on surface in hottest day Daylight on surface in coldest day
Average value obtained : 1.6hrs
Average value obtained : 2.1hrs
Daylight on surface in hottest day Daylight on surface in coldest day Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
Solar Radiation analysis Summer solstice 21 june analysis Hottest day : 2 aug daylight analysis
ITERATION 1
10 0
140
1189
841
a
Plan
Plan view
Average value obtained : 1.2hrs
Average value obtained : 1.0hrs
Plan view
Average value obtained : 1.5hrs
Average value obtained : 1.3 hrs
Plan view
Average value obtained : 0.86hrs
Average value obtained : 0.76hrs
ITERATION 2 1189
10
0
140
841
a
Plan ITERATION 3 1189
a
841
10 0
140
Plan
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
winter solstice 22 december analysis
coldest day : 23feb daylight analysis
Hottest day : 2 aug daylight analysis
coldest day : 23feb daylight analysis
Average value obtained : 0.18hrs
Average value obtained : 0.3hrs
Radiation on surface in hottest day Radiation on surface in coldest day
71-72
Average value obtained : 0.2hrs
Average value obtained : 0.25hrs
Daylight on surface in hottest day Daylight on surface in coldest day
Average value obtained : 0.13hrs
Average value obtained : 0.2hrs
Daylight on surface in hottest day Daylight on surface in coldest day Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
Sunpath Analysis 21 june sunpath analysis
Wind Rose Analysis 22 december sunpath analysis
21 june Wind rose analysis
22december Wind rose analysis
73
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
74
Side and front view of pavillion at site
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
75
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
76
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
CONCLUSION
Where has the project failed or succeded
77
Our goal throughout the project was to develop a doubly curved structure that could be built in a 1:1 scale. In the experiments, we tried various iterations i.e., change in size of struts, change in distance of struts and change in placement of struts. The experiments carried out in the project have several areas of success and failures. However, from this project many different interesting points for further development have been brought out and several new skills have been acquired. There is possibility of having a foldable lightweight structure that could be erected on sit within minutes indeed triggers our imagination. To work on such feature it is important to do detailed study. Lastly, the project has given us the opportunity to develop new skills regarding form finding techniques using digital tools and structure analysis. Throughout the different aspects of the design carried out in this project there are several area os success and failure that must be pointed out.
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
FUTURE ADVANCES
How can the project be developed further
78
Throughout the report , there are several areas that have been highlighted for future development. Although the project has opened some interesting oppertunities for the design and construction of such unique leighweight structure , the amount of detailing work done necessary to errect them is far from sufficient. For the reason we believe that the first area of interest for future development should be the detailed design of both the fixed and the hinged nodes, with great care given to the nodes where multiple struts (more tha two )connect.
REFRENCE 1 . 2.
The Hy-Pier January 2015, EMTECH Core Studio 1. Giulio Gianni, Kuber Patel, Antoniya Stoitstova An evolution of an urban Riverfront park; Riverfront Park, Spokane, Washington May 2002. Thesis by Masters in Science in landscape and architecture, Washington University. Lizhang
Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork
Part of course work at faculty of design sharda university. All rights reserved. Semester seven , Parametric Studio ,2019 core faculty : Prof. Rupinder singh : Parool chauhan : Sandipan chatterjee