Abbreviations and Acronyms

ADBL Agriculture Development Bank ANZ Australia and New Zealand Banking Group AOAN Airlines Operators Association of Nepal ATM Automated Teller Machine BAFIA Banking and Financial Institutions Act BFI Banking and Financial Institution BRR British Bankers Association BSI British Standards Institution CBFIN Confederation of Banks and Financial Institutions Nepal CDS Central Depository System CEO Chief Executive Officer

CGAR Cumulative Annual Growth Rate CIT Citizens Investment Trust DBA Development Bankers’ Association ECM Error Correction Model EMI Equated Monthly Payments EPF Employees’ Provident Fund EPS Earnings Per Share EURIBOR Euro Interbank Offered Rate

FY Fiscal Year GDP Gross Domestic Product ICT Information and Communication Technology IRC Interest Rate Corridor LIBOR London Interbank Offered Rate

M&A Mergers and Acquisitions MFI Micro Finance Institutions MNO Mobile Network Operators MoF Ministry of Finance MSME Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise NATA Nepal Association of Travel Agents NBA Nepal Bankers’ Association NBL Nepal Bank Limited NEPS Nepal Electronic Payment System NEPSE Nepal Stock Exchange NGO Non-Governmental Organisation NMBA Nepal Microfinance Bankers’ Association NPA Non-Performing Assets NPR Nepalese Rupees NRB Nepal Rastra Bank NRN Non-Resident Nepali

PABSON Private and Boarding School’s Organisation of Nepal RBB Rastriya Banijya Bank RBS Royal Bank of Scotland SACCOs Savings and Credit Cooperatives SEBON Securities Board of Nepal SECL Securities Exchange Center Limited SME Small and Medium Enterprise SMS Short Messaging Services SWIFT Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development USD US Dollar USP Unique Selling Point YIRD Yen Interest Rate Derivatives