SARAH SOLOMON ARCH7130
PREPARING FOR AGING:
SOCIETAL INTEGRATION OF URBAN ELDERLY LIVING SARAH SOLOMON INSTRUCTOR: PETER WIEDERSPAHN The lives of the elderly and the life of cities could both improve through creating elderly housing in an urban community. This research and design project redefines the relationship between the elderly community and the urban environment through adaptable living units and intergenerational programs. Boston will face a 65 percent increase in its elderly population in the next 10 years. This demographic shift requires a design response that can benefit both the elderly and urban communities. Integrating the elderly into urban life can prevent personal isolation and provide needed social benefits for all generations.
1 THE ELDERLY COMMUNITY
+
2 THE URBAN
+
ENVIRONMENT =
3 THE ADAPTABLE UNIT
+
4 THE INTERGENERATIONAL LEARNING SPACE
A new housing model that allows for the elderly community to age with dignity and for the greater community to benefit from elderly integration.
THE ELDERLY COMMUNITY THE DEMOGRAPHIC SHIFT The United States defines the elderly community as people aged 65+. The number of people in the elderly community will increase 65% by 2030.
EDUCATION
19% Silent Gen with College Degree
31% Baby Boomers with College Degree
38% Gen X with
College Degree
DESIGN FOR “NEW” ELDERLY GENERATION The upcoming Baby Boomer generation is quite different than previous elderly generations. They will be the healthiest, most active, most educated, and have the longest estimated life span compared to previous elderly generations. These trends will only continue to grow for future generations.
PERCENT OF THE US POPULATION AGED 65+ 12%
13%
19%
22%
1990
2010
2030
2050
One out of every four people will be considered elderly by 2050.
*US CENSUS DATA
THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT Boston as Context
Urban Design Requirements
Boston excels in its innovation, education, and endless cultural events and activities. It’s home to more than 100 colleges and universities and has some of the nation’s top health care facilities.
PLACES FOR REST MOBILITY ACCESS
Why areas of urban renewal? • Lower cost of living. • Opportunity to introduce new demographic (elderly) to the area. • The elderly have skills and amenities they can provide to enhance the neighborhood.
HEALTHY LIVING
WALKABILITY
PURPOSE
SENSE OF COMMUNITY
ACTIVE AGING UNIVERSAL DESIGN
=
=
The High Line / NYC
THE ADAPTABLE UNIT Suburban homes and most standard units do not accommodate for changing bodies and needs. By creating resilient, adaptable units, material use and reconstruction costs can be greatly reduced over time. This is also beneficial to a financially burdened community. If the units are built with Universal Design in mind, they can become accessible to any type of person, regardless of age or ability.
Universal Design Office Da
BONES/JOINTS/MUSCLES EYES AND EARS
Unit aggregation creates private space for each resident.
CARDIOVASCULAR
Alcacer Do Sal Residences
Design Responses to an Aging Body
MEMORY
THE LEARNING SPACE Why a learning space?
$
•Utilizes the elderly generation’s growing levels of education. • Provides elderly with a sense of purpose / social interaction (ideals of active aging). • Benefits the community (location of urban renewal area). • Opportunity for building revenue.
$
• Helps the financially burdened elderly community.
Rolex Learning Center / SANAA
The Children’s School / Maryann Thomson Raa Day Care Center / Sweeden
WHO IS THIS MODEL FOR? Elders + Families
Baby Boomers to age in the city.
THE SUBURBS
THE CITY
1
Singles / young professionals live in city.
Young families who want to stay in the city.
+ 2
Families move to suburbs.
THE CITY
=
COMMUNITY Co-Housing community that agrees to help and interact with the other members.
3 Grow old in city.
Grow old in suburbs.
WHO IS THIS MODEL FOR? Elders + Families
60%
Fosters interaction between generations that might not normally exist - mentally stimulating.
40%
A large number of homes exist in the city, but
Baby Boomers
Gen X
these home are not housing families with children.
Unit Ratio 60% Elderly
Unit Ratio 40% Elderly
Instead, the groups of singles are pooling together
40% Family
60% Family
to split these units, making them unaffordable for families. Universal Design elements can benefit all
The unit ratio can be flexible to reflect the shifts in population.
generations.
Millions of Births
5 4 3 2 1
Silent Gen Births
Baby Boomers
Gen X
Millenial
Post - Millenial
47 Million
76 Million
55 Million
66 Million
69 Million
0 1928
1946
Number of Births Underlying Each Generation
1965
1981
1998
2014
SCALES
The Unit
The Community
The Urban Network
SITE CRITERIA
Data Optimized Site Criteria
City Identified Areas In Need of Renewal
LOT SIZE
Approx 20,000 sqft 1/
PUBLIC TRANSIT
I 4M
T
REAL ESTATE
WEIGHTED CRITERIA
GROCERY STORE
I 4M
1/
2
1/
MI
MAIN STREET
1
-3
GREEN SPACE
3 /4 M I
MI
HEALTH CARE
OPTIMIZED LOCATIONS
SITE CRITERIA Possible Cities Test Case:
Boston
Main Street $246 - $723 $743 - $1076 $1076 - $1340 $1340 - $1661 $1661 - $2696
Boston study of city identified areas of urban renewal, main streets, and average monthly rent rates.
Other Possible Cities:
Chicago New York Los Angeles San Francisco
LOCATION ANALYSIS Ex. Fenway / LMA / Mission Hill
HOUSING MARKET VALUE
MAIN STREET
LOCATION ANALYSIS Ex. Fenway / LMA / Mission Hill
PUBLIC TRANSIT
GREEN SPACE
LOCATION ANALYSIS Ex. Fenway / LMA / Mission Hill
GROCERY STORE
HEALTH CARE
NETWORK LOCATIONS
1
2
3
SITE TWO
Prentiss St
Public Program Group Exercise / Wellness
Orange Line Tracks Tremont St
Tremont St Madison Park High
T
Reggie Lewis Track Center
Southwest Corridor Park Roxbury Crossing T
SITE THREE Public Program Child Care
Orange Line Tracks SouthWest Corridor Park Marcella Playground
T
Centre Street Ritchie Street Columbus Ave
Jackson Square T Stop
SITE ONE Public Program Rentable Work Space
Carter Playground
Ruggles T Stop
Northeastern University
Tremont St
T
Southwest Corridor Park
Melnea Cass Blvd
Madison Park High
nd g east o h
E
W
ed period can naturally heat the building and help reduce the use of heating systems. Likewise, blocking the rays during the overheated period can help to reduce the need of cooling systems. During the small comfort period, natural ventilation should be taken advantage of.
CLIMATE ANALYSIS: BOSTON E
W
xi-
E
W
S
S
SUN CHART
SUN CHART S •The suns rays should be taken
110
SUN CHART
• The suns rays should be utilized TEMP (F)
AVG HIGH MEAN AVG LOW
during the underheated period of 43% the year and blocked during the CLOUDY
overheated period.
57%
100
70
90
avoided and the summer winds
60 50
10
should be taken advantage of.
AVG HIGH KEY MEAN AVG LOW
DESIGN HIGH
DESIGN LOW AVG HIGH MEAN
AVG LOW COMFORT ZONE
80
COMFORT ZONE
60
TOO HOT
13% TOO HOT 75%
TOO COLD
JAN
20
FEB 10
MAR APR JAN
18
N
S
30
JAN (WINTER)
JAN (WINTER)
SEP
OCT NOV SEP
75% TOO COLD
DEC
OCT NOV
COMFORT LEVEL
DEC
E
W
30 18
18
E
W
S
S
APR (SPRING)
APR (SPRING)
COMFORT LEVEL
N
30
18
18
S
AUG
N
30
E
JUL
TEMPERATURE RANGE
N
W
MAY JUN
MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG TEMPERATURE RANGE
FEB
ANNUAL SUNSHINE
30
12% COMFORT13%
50
30
ANNUAL SUNSHINE
N
12% COMFORT
DESIGN LOW
70
40
20
57% SUNSHINE
cold ds to e ds the perain the
80
30
SUNSHINE • The cold winter winds should be
DEC
110
40
43% CLOUDY
SUN CHART
DESIGN HIGH
90
TEMP (F)
and monitored from east/west.
KEY
W
S
KEY
100
advantage of from north/south
GH
V
of heating systems. Likewise, blocking the rays during the overThe suns should be taken of duringsystems. the underheated period canrays help to reduce theadvantage need of cooling heated of the year and blocked during the overheated During the smallperiod comfort period, natural ventilation should be period of the year. Capturing the suns rays during the underheattaken advantage of.
E
E
W
N
N
N30
30
30
18
18
18
E E
W
S
S
JUL (SUMMER)
JUL (SUMMER)
WW
E
S
S
OCT (FALL)
OCT (FALL)
E
WHAT IS UNIQUE ABOUT THIS HOUSING MODEL? Institution
vs
Community
65+ only
Elder + Families
Limited unit
Varied / flexible
variation.
unit options.
Separated by
Integrated social
ability.
spaces.
PROGRAM Uses
Size
UNITS
Private
Accommodates both
80-100 units
families and elders.
20-30 per floor
Creates a community.
3-4 floors Varied Unit Types
350 - 800 sq ft
AMENITY SPACES
Semi Private
Public
Residents only.
Private
Provides both private
• Balcony (one per unit)
and communal.
Communal
20 sq ft
• Lounge
100 sqft (one per floor)
• Garden
500 sq ft
• Kitchen
500 sq ft
• Dining
500 sq ft
• Outdoor Space
1,000 sq ft
• Winter Garden
300 sq ft
Catalyst for urban
Child Care
2,000 sq ft
renewal.
Group Leaning Space
500 sq ft (3 rooms)
Rentable Work Space
Varied Sizes
PUBLIC SPACE
UNIT AND AGGREGATION The Spaces of In Between
Possible Aggregation Techniques How to make ‘fronts’ and unique circilation conditions.
Bay Window
Back Porch
Front Door The Elements of a “Home” in a Unit
INTERIOR CONFIGURATION The Spaces of In Between Equal Access Design
Physical connection/ access to outdoors
Visual Connection
Visual connection to semi public
Unit aggregation creates communal space
Spatial Relationship between Public, Semi Public, and Private
Hallway Width Needed
Aggregation creates Communal Spaces
AGE FRIENDLY URBAN DESIGN
Parameters for Healthy/Active Aging PLACES FOR REST
MOBILITY
ACCESS
• Ample outdoor seating. • Seating at regular intervals. • Provide seating in public places, parks, transit stops.
• Smooth sidewalk pavement. • Ample time to cross crosswalk. • Access to ADA public transit. • Ramps: 12:1 ratio.
• Equal access to building entry. • Public stairs accommodated by ramps or elevators. • Services located on ground floor.
The High Line / NYC
Olympic Sculpture Park / Seattle, WA
Robson Square / Vancouver Canada