THE PERIMETER OFFICE 2
Perimeter offices are a necessity in current office buildings, while are also desired by all occupants in such buildings. Research on the typical 10’x15’ office unit inspired the desire to improve the existing private office space, creating an atypical shaped office. Changes to the typical unit aim to increase natural daylighting, views for occupant as well as visitors, storage and working areas. Incorporating these alterations to the new office type should not only increase the potential of satisfying the perimeter office occupant but also the conditions for those occupying the open-office spaces that are deeper in the building.
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4
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CONCEPT: desired spaces for anyone to occupy because of abundant natural daylight and views. that can actually occupy that perimeter space because of different plan layouts. It becomes essential to optimize this window space, to make
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CATEGORY:
SPATIAL SUB-CATEGORY:
TYPICAL
GENE #
009 RATIO
NAME:
PERIMETER OFFICE
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 N 10’
R = PERIMETER OFFICE AREA PLANNABLE FLOOR AREA
15’
TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN
PLANNABLE FLOOR AREA
TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN
VARIABLES: Plannable Floor Area - Measured at floor level from the interior face of perimeter encroachments such as mullions, window sills, convectos, baseboard heating units, and radiators to the outside face of the core enclosure. NOTES: For this study we used a typical perimeter office size of 10 ft. x 15 ft. 7
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CATEGORY:
PLAN SUB-CATEGORY:
10’0”
file cabinet (4 sq. ft.)
L-shaped desk (15 sq. ft.)
TYPICAL
NAME:
IEQ SURVEY DIAGRAMS
36” 36” The typical 10 ft by 15 ft office usually has 10 linear feet of window space, solid walls on either side, 1 L-shaped desk (15 sq. ft.), 1 office chair, 2 guest chairs and one storage unit or file cabinet (4 sq. ft.). In most cases, the guest chairs face the window while the office dweller gives its back to it. 36”
office dweller
views out
According to the IEQ (Indoor Environmental Quality Survey) the most desired characteristics an office space could serve its dweller are the following: Visual privacy Maximum square footage Sound privary Noise level control Availability to daylight Availability to views for both occupants + guests Storage space Working/desk space
views in
guests
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NAME:
REDESIGN EXPLORATION TYPE:
DIAGRAMS
100’
197’
300’
Rectangular - 64 offices
Cicle - 57 offices
173’ 332’
Elliptical - 64 offices
10
Squared - 54 offices
CATEGORY:
PLAN SUB-CATEGORY:
AGGREGATE
NAME:
200’
18 offices 18 people
REDESIGN EXPLORATION A variation of office aggregation study in 200 linear feet of facade showcases the different number of offices (greater/smaller) depending on the aggregation style. All offices spaces shown are 150 sq. ft. (except hexagon = 300 sq. ft.).
20 offices 20 people
16 offices 16 people
20 offices 20 people
Notes on page on Left: Different shapes of buildings yield different number of perimeter offices. In this part of the research, the intent is to find the shape that results with the largest number of perimeter offices.
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NAME:
REDESIGN EXPLORATION TYPE:
DIAGRAMS
17’-8”
10’-0”
21’-7”
regular 10’x15’ 1 person
triangular 1 person polygon 1 person
11’-0”
33’-6” tilted walls 1 person
16’-9” hexagonal 3 people
11’-4”
hexagonal split 2 people
bay windows 1 person ”
’-0
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21’-8”
12’-0” rotated office 1 person
angeled window 1 person
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circular 1 person
CATEGORY:
PLAN SUB-CATEGORY:
AGGREGATE
-0”
’
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NAME:
REDESIGN EXPLORATION Corner conditions greatly varies depending on the office shape and aggregation style. Different variations yield interactive and open spaces where the corner units on a typical building would be. These spaces open up the corners creating spaces where community office gatherings could happen. 45 degree angle office corner More window wall for “corner offices”
10’-0”
typical office corner condition
Notes on page on Left: Office shapes greatly alter the linear footage of visible window glass. Different alterations to interior walls and exterior facades allows for a great variety of office shapes and depending on the shape, increases or decreases the amount of window glass in each office.
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17’-8”
Increased window linear footage Ample ADA walking space
THE PENTAGON 14
CATEGORY:
PLAN SUB-CATEGORY:
TYPICAL
NAME:
PENTAGON UNIT The Pentagonal Office Layout:
Views of occupant/office dweller
Views for guests
Increased desk space
Increased storage space
20 sq. ft. vs. 15 sq. ft.
Increases window linear footage Has ample ADA walking space Shared views for occupant and guests Increased storage Increased working/desk space
8 sq. ft. vs. 4 sq. ft.
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NAME:
PENTAGON UNIT TYPE:
DIAGRAMS
interior 15 offices
interior 16 offices
interior 17 offices 200’
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CATEGORY:
PLAN SUB-CATEGORY:
TYPICAL
NAME:
PENTAGON UNIT Types of Pentagonal Offices: 1 Window - 8’-4” 2 Windows - 17’-8”
2 windows
1 window
interior Note on page to the left: With different types of Pentagonal Office Aggregation styles, different number of offices are yielded in the same number of linear feet (200’). 17
24’-0”
Increased window linear footage Ample ADA walking space
THE HEXAGON 18
CATEGORY:
PLAN SUB-CATEGORY:
TYPICAL
NAME:
PENTAGON UNIT The Hexagonal Office Layout:
Views of occupant/office dweller
Views for guests
Increased desk space
Increased storage space
20 sq. ft. vs. 15 sq. ft.
Increases window linear footage Has ample ADA walking space Shared views for occupant and guests Increased storage Increased working/desk space
8 sq. ft. vs. 4 sq. ft.
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NAME:
HEXAGON UNIT TYPE:
DIAGRAMS
interior 16 offices
interior 17 offices
interior 13 offices
interior 16 offices 200’ 20
CATEGORY:
PLAN SUB-CATEGORY:
TYPICAL
NAME:
HEXAGON UNIT Types of Pentagonal Offices: 1 Window - 8’-0” 2 Windows - 16’-0” 3 wndows - 24’-0”
2 windows
1 window
3 windows
interior Notes on page on Left: With different types of Hexagonal Office Aggregation styles, different number of offices are yielded in the same number of linear feet (200’). 21
NAME:
INLAND STEEL CASE STUDY TYPE:
DIAGRAMS
typical floor plan
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south elevation
CATEGORY:
PLAN SUB-CATEGORY:
AGGREGATE
NAME:
CASE STUDY SUMMARY PAGE
HEXAGON 35 offices total 623 linear ft of window
As a case study, the Inland Steel Building serves as the base for an early office layout study of the hexagon and pentagon office types. Typically, the Inland Steel building allocates 30 10 ft x 15 ft offices in 443 linear feat of perimeter window space. When the hexagonal and pentagonal shapes were superimposed, the length of the perimeter increased, as well as the number of offices.
Inland steel plan hexagons superimposed
PENTAGON 33 offices total 522 linear ft of window
Inland steel plan pentagons superimposed
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E 45th St.
E 44th St.
E 43rd St.
E 42nd St.
THE SITE
E 41st St. 24
LEXINGTON AVE.
PARK AVE.
VANDERBILT AVE.
MADISON AVE.
E 46th St.
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NAME:
SITE EXPLORATION TYPE:
DIAGRAMS
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CATEGORY:
PLAN SUB-CATEGORY:
AGGREGATION
NAME:
SITE EXPLORATION Layout 44 Total Floor Area = 18,000 sq. ft. Core Area = 3,000 sq. ft.
Layout 50 Total Floor Area = 27,800 sq. ft. Core Area = 5,000 sq. ft.
Total Number of Offices = 44 3 Window Offices = 26 1 Window Offices = 18
Total Number of Offices = 50 3 Window Offices = 28 1 Window Offices = 22
Layout 46 Total Floor Area = 21,300 sq. ft. Core Area = 4,000 sq. ft.
Layout 52 Total Floor Area = 29,600 sq. ft. Core Area = 5,000 sq. ft.
Total Number of Offices = 46 3 Window Offices = 14 2 Window Offices = 24 1 Window Offices = 8
Total Number of Offices = 52 3 Window Offices = 18 2 Window Offices = 22 1 Window Offices = 12
As a site strategy, hexagons with sides measuring 8’ in length filled the entire 200’ x 200’ site. A different number of studies and shapes yielded various numbers of one, two and three window office spaces. The final shape was chosen because of its diversity in offices and the resulting creation of open office spaces.
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NAME:
FLOOR PLAN EXPLORATION TYPE:
PLAN
2 Window Offices
Layout 52 Total Floor Area = 29,600 sq. ft. Core Area = 5,000 sq. ft.
3 Window Offices
1 Window Spaces
Total Number of Offices = 52 3 Window Offices = 18 2 Window Offices = 22 1 Window Spaces = 12 Program for 1 Window Spaces: Printing Rooms Library Reception Desks Small Conference Rooms Quiet Meeting Rooms
Open Office Spaces 28
Conference Rooms
CATEGORY:
PLAN SUB-CATEGORY:
TYPICAL
NAME:
OPEN SPACE DESK ARRANGEMENT Layout 52 breaks down the spaces created through the aggregation of the hexagon office unit. Two and three window office spaces are the most common ones, along with one window spaces that hold common program such as print rooms, libraries, small conference rooms, etc. Desk variations and densities were also explored, giving the fact that each industry has a particular requirement. Snowflake Shaped Desk Layout 126
L-Shaped Desk Layout 92
Dense Desk Layout 132
4’-9”
3’-
2”
5’-10”
5’-0”
6’-10”
6’-0”
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NAME:
TYPICAL FLOOR TYPE:
SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
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CATEGORY:
PLAN SUB-CATEGORY:
TYPICAL
NAME:
LOW-RISE
1 11 2
10
9
3
8
7
4
8
6
1
typical office
2
open 1-window spaces - print room
3
open office
4
group desks
5
conference room
6
low rise elevator lobby
7
storage space
8
restrooms
9
mechanical room
10
service room/elevator
11
egress stairs
5
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32
CATEGORY:
PLAN SUB-CATEGORY:
TYPICAL
NAME:
HIGH-RISE
1 10 2
8
3
4
9
7
6
1
typical office
2
open 1-window spaces - print room
3
open office
4
group desks
5
conference room
6
high rise elevator lobby
7
storage space
8
mechanical room
9
service room/elevator
10
egress stairs
5
Perspective direction - page on left. 33
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CATEGORY:
PLAN SUB-CATEGORY:
TYPICAL
NAME:
3D TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN 4
5 1 11
11 2
10
9
3
8
7
4
8
6
1
typical office
2
open 1-window spaces - print room
3
open office
4
group desks
5
conference room
6
low rise elevator lobby
7
storage space
8
restrooms
9
mechanical room
10
service room/elevator
11
egress stairs
5
Perspective direction - page on left. 35
NAME:
BUILDING AND GRAND CENTRAL TYPE:
SECTION
key plan
A3
A3
2.0 Tdi
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2.0 Tdi
CATEGORY:
SECTION SUB-CATEGORY:
TYPICAL
NAME:
FACADE PERSPECTIVE
mullions
office space
13’-0”
10’-0”
metal spandrel
light shelf curtain wall
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NAME:
MEETING THE GROUND TYPE:
DIAGRAM STRATEGY
70 ft
20
20
t
0f
0f
20
t
0f
200 ft
38
t
0f
20
Office pure extrusion lifted 70’, urban scale hexagons take over the smaller office scale hexagons
Pure extrusion start, with a 200’ x 200’ site
200 ft
t
Transitional members from lower urban scale to upper office scale hexagons
CATEGORY:
PLAN SUB-CATEGORY:
TYPICAL
NAME:
GROUND FLOOR
1 11 10
10 8
9
6
2
7
4
2
5
1
cafe / retail space
2
office entrances
3
grand central connection escalators
4
low rise elevator lobby
5
low-mid rise elevator lobby
6
mid-high rise elevator lobby
7
high rise elevator lobby
8
storage space
9
service room/elevator
10
egress stairs
11
loading docks
12
outdoor plaza
3
1
12
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NAME:
LOBBY CEILING STRATEGY TYPE:
DIAGRAMS
Distorting the hexagonal geometry within a regular perimeter produces irregular shapes withing a regular module
The result is creating the sensation of the overarching office grid down to the lobby ground floor level.
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CATEGORY:
SECTION SUB-CATEGORY:
TYPICAL
NAME:
BUILDING SITE SECTION
A3
A3
2.0 Tdi
2.0 Tdi
41
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CATEGORY:
SECTION SUB-CATEGORY:
TYPICAL
NAME:
LOBBY SPACE key plan
A3
2.0 Tdi
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NAME:
LOBBY SPACE TYPE:
SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
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CATEGORY:
PLAN SUB-CATEGORY:
Vanderbilt Ave.
Madison Ave. E 45th St.
NAME:
GROUND FLOOR ENTRANCES
E. 45th St. LOADING DOCK
OFFICE ENTRANCE Madison Ave.
E 44th St.
TYPICAL
OFFICE ENTRANCE Vanderbilt Ave.
RETAIL/CAFE ENTRANCE E. 44th St.
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CATEGORY:
ELEVATION SUB-CATEGORY:
TYPICAL
NAME:
SOUTH ELEVATION
20 Office Levels
Top of building
20 Office Levels
1150’
Mechanical Level
20 Office Levels
Mechanical Level
Lobby Level A3
2.0 Tdi
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CATEGORY:
ELEVATION SUB-CATEGORY:
TYPICAL
NAME:
WEST ELEVATION
20 Office Levels
Top of building
20 Office Levels
1150’
Mechanical Level
20 Office Levels
Mechanical Level
Lobby Level A3
2.0 Tdi
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42.00
FAR +150 %
+100 %
+50 %
3.00
PEF 0.050
VC
AVG.
1.00 0.99
SF
1.00 0.95
CLS CLS
0.042
VC
0.0050
D
13.49
FAR
0.0043
D
0.76
PA 0.71 PA
0.81
0.85 0.86
UA UA
0.98 0.99
CPF
0.39
PO 0.33
PO
-50 %
-100 % 172 50
5.15
4.84 PAR PAR
SU 0.72 SU
0.75
CWU
0.29
SA
0.22
SA
0.30
CWU
1.39
SAR 0.99
SAR
1.29
PEF
CATEGORY:
SYNTHESIS
SUB-CATEGORY:
EVALUATION
EVALUATION NAME:
THE PERIMETER OFFICE 8.74
AR 15.90
CAR 0.79
PV 0.49
PV
1.10
ET
0.62
VO 0.98
TF
0.75
UI
0.55
ET
0.034 0.030
1.69
SA2V PA2S
10.58
CF
1.40
0.55
UI
0.87
VO
4.14
AR
10.73
CAR
0.91
TF
1.97 1.96
SA2P
The building’s major deviations in gene efficiency are the perimeter enclosure factor, curtain wall unit, aspect ratio and floor area ratio. Because the building is so large in height, it has a great aspect ratio and because it has an excess in linear feet of perimeter window, it doesn’t rate as well in the perimeter enclosure factor. In the perimeter office gene, it is average, and it makes sense, because the idea behind was not to increase the number of perimeter offices necessarily, but to enhance the quality of such office units.
PA2S 2.39
CF RANGE OF ALL DEVIATION
AVG
GE ###
GE
GENE AVERAGE AVERAGE LINE BASE GENE CASE STUDY SPECIFIC DEVIATION 245
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CATEGORY:
3D DRAWING SUB-CATEGORY:
TYPICAL
NAME:
BIRD'S EYE
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