TRANSIENCE
RETHINKING PERMANENCE IN ARCHITECTURE Malcolm Khaldi & Giorgia De Simone
WE APPEAL TO OUR HUMAN SENSES TO CREATE SPACES OF COMFORT AND SOCIAL PRIDE. OUR NOTION OF A HUMAN CENTRIC PRACTICE BEGAN WITH A MATERIAL CHOICE THAT EMBRACES WARMTH AND FAMILIARITY; TIMBER. WE PURSUED A STUDY OF SCALE AND HIERARCHY OF SPACE IN RELATION TO THE HUMAN BODY, DEVELOPING OUR PROJECT AROUND NOTIONS OF THE PUBLIC REALM AS THE SPINE OF A BUILDING. THE “SPINE” AND THE “SKIN” BECOME ONE; THE MEETING POINT BETWEEN BUILDING AND LANDSCAPE THAT ELIMINATES INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR BARRIERS. THE AIM IS TO CONTROL COMFORT; WHEN AND WHERE WE CAN FEEL OR OBSERVE THE EFFECTS OF THE SUN, THE WIND AND THE WATER. APPEALING TO THE STABLE ELEMENTS OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND OUR PRESENCE AS SOCIAL BEINGS, IS AN APPEAL TOWARDS AN ELEMENT OF CERTAINTY IN A FUTURE OF OVERWHELMING UNCERTAINTY; AND IN THAT WAY WE ARE LEARNING TO FIGHT THE NEGATIVE IMPLICATIONS OF OBSOLESCENCE IN ARCHITECTURE.
1.0 THE ENDURING Structure and grounding
WE APPEAL TO OUR HUMAN SENSES TO CREATE SPACES OF COMFORT AND SOCIAL PRIDE. OUR NOTION OF A HUMAN CENTRIC PRACTICE BEGAN WITH A MATERIAL CHOICE THAT EMBRACES WARMTH AND FAMILIARITY; TIMBER. WE PURSUED A STUDY OF SCALE AND HIERARCHY OF SPACE IN RELATION TO THE HUMAN BODY, DEVELOPING OUR PROJECT AROUND NOTIONS OF THE PUBLIC REALM AS THE SPINE OF A BUILDING. THE “SPINE” AND THE “SKIN” BECOME ONE; THE MEETING POINT BETWEEN BUILDING AND LANDSCAPE THAT ELIMINATES INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR BARRIERS. THE AIM IS TO CONTROL COMFORT; WHEN AND WHERE WE CAN FEEL OR OBSERVE THE EFFECTS OF THE SUN, THE WIND AND THE WATER. APPEALING TO THE STABLE ELEMENTS OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND OUR PRESENCE AS SOCIAL BEINGS, IS AN APPEAL TOWARDS AN ELEMENT OF CERTAINTY IN A FUTURE OF OVERWHELMING UNCERTAINTY; AND IN THAT WAY WE ARE LEARNING TO FIGHT THE NEGATIVE IMPLICATIONS OF OBSOLESCENCE IN ARCHITECTURE.
1.0 THE ENDURING Structure and grounding
HEAVY TIMBER POST AND BEAM
URBAN STREET FRONT
CONCRETE (UNDERGROUND)
THE CHARLES RIVER
PROTECTED COURTYARD
CLT PANELS
URBAN STREET FRONT
1. Courtyard Typology
2. Bar and Wrapper
1.0 THE ENDURING Structure and grounding
Our approach is human-centric. Aggregating modules of specific spatial proportions and qualities, based on hierarchies that are guided by and emphasize the human experience. This human experience is acknowledged and curated by opposites:
Formal vs informal / Enclosed vs exposed / Permanent vs flexible / Repetitive vs unpredictable / Present vs future / Public vs programmable These dynamics are expressed in the structure. Timber is used in two ways. The first being a post and beam structure emphasizing the formal, repetitive, flexible and pro- grammable space. The second emphasizes the relatively new technology of CLT, speaking a language of walls as opposed to columns. This space reflects the informality of struc- ture, dedicated to public space. Through this we aim to celebrate the integrity of the material structurally, environmentally and aesthetically. The human body serves as a metaphor for this project, where our structural “skeleton” is engulfed by flexible circulation and social “muscle mass” that are all fully integrated.
1.0 THE ENDURING Structure and grounding
The grounding engages with distincct urbanistic characteristics of the site. Two programmable bars are placed on the urban fronts, and these are wrapped by a distinct architecture that engages with the public realm; the spine.
1.0 THE ENDURING Structure and grounding
The grounding engages with distincct urbanistic characteristics of the site. Two programmable bars are placed on the urban fronts, and these are wrapped by a distinct architecture that engages with the public realm; the spine.
1.0 THE ENDURING Structure and grounding
The grounding engages with distincct urbanistic characteristics of the site. Two programmable bars are placed on the urban fronts, and these are wrapped by a distinct architecture that engages with the public realm; the spine.
A
Greenway
B
Urban jewel
B
A
C
Charles River plaza
C
1.0 THE ENDURING Structure and grounding
The grounding engages with distincct urbanistic characteristics of the site. Two programmable bars are placed on the urban fronts, and these are wrapped by a distinct architecture that engages with the public realm; the spine.
A
Greenway
B
Urban jewel
C
Charles River plaza
1.0 THE ENDURING Structure and grounding
The grounding engages with distincct urbanistic characteristics of the site. Two programmable bars are placed on the urban fronts, and these are wrapped by a distinct architecture that engages with the public realm; the spine.
A
Greenway
B
Urban jewel
C
Charles River plaza
1.0 THE ENDURING Structure and grounding
The grounding engages with distincct urbanistic characteristics of the site. Two programmable bars are placed on the urban fronts, and these are wrapped by a distinct architecture that engages with the public realm; the spine.
A
Greenway
B
Urban jewel
C
Charles River plaza
1.0 THE ENDURING Structure and grounding
Due to its familiarity and warmth, the project explores the possibilities of timber construction. Three distinct structural strategies are used to achieve different scales and qualities of spaces. The primary focus is on the use of heavy timber and clt, while concrete and steel additions provide efficient solutions for critical conditions. The use of different types of structures, each with different conditions of height and area, allows the building as a whole to become flexible in potentially accomodating for any type of occupancy classification as defined by the IBC 2015 code. We acknowledge that the code pertaining to the use of timber in construction has been rapidly changing, therefore, we consider the structural implications of a future vertical expansion even if this does not comply with the current code.
01
150’
Highlighting the main architectural feature of the building, the south facing atrium, that also hosts the egress circulation. Egress circulation Structural additions for future expansion
A TRANSIENT SPINE CLT Panels integrating the Gravity and Lateral System 01 This space is consiered an atrium, and also houses the main egress circulation, therefore a fire rated separation is required to ensure a safe exit access
Staggering CLT panels are connected to eachother with heavy timber beams, and make their way back to the main post and beam structure for stability. The panels behave like small sections of walls and floors, supporting its own weight, both gravity and lateral loads. Panels are 5 layers of spruce-pine-fir (Such as Nordic X-Lam cross-laminated timber) The panels drawn in red reppresent the possibility for future vertical expansion. For lateral stability, a horiztonal connection to the main strucuture might be necessary in more locations.
85’
B PROGRAMMABLE BAR Heavy Timber Post and Beam with Core structures
Structure B is within the 85’ building height limit that can accommodate for the following Occupancy classifications: A, B, E, F, M, S, U, H-4, I-1 Condition 1, I-3, I-4 and R. Refer to table 504.3 Structure A is comprised of 5 stories, and can therefore ac- commodate for the following occupancy classifications: B, F-1, F-2, H-4, I-1 Condition 1, M, R, S, and U Refer to table 504.4 of IBC2015 Gravity structure: 2’X2’ heavy timber columns, 1’x3’ girders spanning 15’ in E/W direction, and spanning 30’ in N/S direction. Clt panels (10-1/2” of depth) are used for the floor. Lateral structure: CLT flooring and 15’ x 30’ cores The columns are sized to withhold an additional two floors. If more were to be added, the colums can be reinforced by increasing the cross sectional area to the appropriate amount. Two clt panels can be bolted to either side of the existing timber column.
C PROGRAMMABLE BASE Concrete basement with Timber beams and Steel Truss To provide spaces with larger spans in the basement, a steel truss is located beneath the column datum, to transfer the load of the central column to reinforced concrete walls. This concrete structure is then connected to pile foundations
32’
1.0 THE ENDURING Structure and grounding
Basement Level Plan
1.0 THE ENDURING Structure and grounding
Ground Floor Plan
1.0 THE ENDURING Structure and grounding
Level 2 Plan
1.0 THE ENDURING Structure and grounding
Level 3 Plan
1.0 THE ENDURING Structure and grounding
Level 4 Plan
1.0 THE ENDURING Structure and grounding
Level 5 Plan
2.0 THE EVOLVING Skins and ecologies
WE APPEAL TO OUR HUMAN SENSES TO CREATE SPACES OF COMFORT AND SOCIAL PRIDE. OUR NOTION OF A HUMAN CENTRIC PRACTICE BEGAN WITH A MATERIAL CHOICE THAT EMBRACES WARMTH AND FAMILIARITY; TIMBER. WE PURSUED A STUDY OF SCALE AND HIERARCHY OF SPACE IN RELATION TO THE HUMAN BODY, DEVELOPING OUR PROJECT AROUND NOTIONS OF THE PUBLIC REALM AS THE SPINE OF A BUILDING. THE “SPINE” AND THE “SKIN” BECOME ONE; THE MEETING POINT BETWEEN BUILDING AND LANDSCAPE THAT ELIMINATES INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR BARRIERS. THE AIM IS TO CONTROL COMFORT; WHEN AND WHERE WE CAN FEEL OR OBSERVE THE EFFECTS OF THE SUN, THE WIND AND THE WATER. APPEALING TO THE STABLE ELEMENTS OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND OUR PRESENCE AS SOCIAL BEINGS, IS AN APPEAL TOWARDS AN ELEMENT OF CERTAINTY IN A FUTURE OF OVERWHELMING UNCERTAINTY; AND IN THAT WAY WE ARE LEARNING TO FIGHT THE NEGATIVE IMPLICATIONS OF OBSOLESCENCE IN ARCHITECTURE.
2.0 THE EVOLVING Skins and ecologies
2.0 THE EVOLVING Skins and ecologies
2.0 THE EVOLVING Skins and ecologies
2.0 THE EVOLVING Skins and ecologies
2.0 THE EVOLVING Skins and ecologies
SOUTH
WEST
NORTH
EAST
2.0 THE EVOLVING Skins and ecologies
SOUTH FACADE
2.0 THE EVOLVING Skins and ecologies
SOUTH-WEST FACADE
2.0 THE EVOLVING Skins and ecologies
WEST FACADE
2.0 THE EVOLVING Skins and ecologies
NORTH FACADE
2.0 THE EVOLVING Skins and ecologies
EAST FACADE
2.0 THE EVOLVING
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16
19
36
06
Skins and ecologies
This peel-away axonometric begins to uncover the architectural concept of the building “spine” and “skin” as an environmentally and socially performative zone. Different natural ventilation strategies are adopted at different times of year. However, all strategies rely on the spine of the building. This thick zone behaves as a sun space during the winter months, allowing solar gain from all glazed portions of the facade (as the shading is calibrated to block the sun only during the warmer months). During the summer months, a large portion of the facade is opened up, allowing a breeze through the building and that is coupled with the horizontal louvers for shade. 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08
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Morotized double hung windows for summer ventilation Horizontal louvers calibrated for shading during summer months, and to enable heat gain during winter months Closed-joint cladding system - Such as Lunawood Thermowood nordic pine/spruce wood Cladding attachment system and drainage cavity WRB/AB and Rigid mineral-fiber insulation Structural CLT system described in page 1 Fire rated glass for egress circulation requirements Interior envelope during summer months; can be glazed or solid depending on the use within the programmable bar. Its operability can enable or disable cross ventilation from northern openings to the southern atrium spine. Photovoltaic Glass Motorized awning window for stack ventilation - Pressure differential in the atrium will allow heat air to rise and be exhausted Penthouse mechanical room Porous wooden decking (raised on pedestals on roof) Reinforced concrete roof structure (Inclined at a 8% on the roof, and at 4% on the deck due to reduced width) Gutter embedded within north facade - Rainwater is collected in this sloping gutter that brings the water to the east facade, where it is allowed to flow over a stone wall and into a shallow pool on the eastern public plaza. This area also serves a s a place of possible overflow from the southern bioretention area North wall assembly (same as south, increased insulation) Operable awning window for ventilation Operable casement window for ventilation Overhang to protect from the elements Floor to ceiling sliding glass Steel truss described in page 1 Sound insulation Dropped ceiling Aquarium type fixed glazing filtering light into basement Bio-retention area- Water from the site is collected to be recirculated within the builidng. This is connected to another retention area on the eastern plaza for rooftop water collection, to allow for overflow during storms. This connection happens below the decking. Water is stored in cisterns in the basement of the building, and distributed through the shafts present in the cores. Constructed Wetlands - Responsible for slowing down the flow of water during storms, and to clean and reuse water within the building. Specific areas of the wetland wil be used for the purification of grey water to be reused in the building, and excess grey water will be used for irrigation of vegetation. Dedicious trees to shed leaves in winter and allow for solar gain, while providing shading during the summer Radiant concrete slab supported by concrete walls Potential openings to raised access floor VAV return ducts VAV supply ducts Radiant main supply and return pipes CLT Flooring panels - 5 layers of spruce-pine-fir (Such as Nordic X-Lam cross-laminated timber) VAV floor diffuser Radiant plywood panels such as Warmboard Pedestals for raised access floor Planters embedded in floor
CHANGING THRESHOLDS WINTER - INTERIOR SUNSPACE
SUMMER - EXTERIOR EXTENSION
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11
14
13
05
12
01
29 15 30
02
31 32
33
34 35
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03
17
04
36 05 08 18
28
07 06
19 26
27 20 21
22
12
23
25 24
CLIMATE ZONES
A - PROGRAMMABLE BAR B- TRANSIENT SPINE C- EXTERIOR DECK
02
01
09
3.0 THE EPHEMERAL Active systems and experience
WE APPEAL TO OUR HUMAN SENSES TO CREATE SPACES OF COMFORT AND SOCIAL PRIDE. OUR NOTION OF A HUMAN CENTRIC PRACTICE BEGAN WITH A MATERIAL CHOICE THAT EMBRACES WARMTH AND FAMILIARITY; TIMBER. WE PURSUED A STUDY OF SCALE AND HIERARCHY OF SPACE IN RELATION TO THE HUMAN BODY, DEVELOPING OUR PROJECT AROUND NOTIONS OF THE PUBLIC REALM AS THE SPINE OF A BUILDING. THE “SPINE” AND THE “SKIN” BECOME ONE; THE MEETING POINT BETWEEN BUILDING AND LANDSCAPE THAT ELIMINATES INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR BARRIERS. THE AIM IS TO CONTROL COMFORT; WHEN AND WHERE WE CAN FEEL OR OBSERVE THE EFFECTS OF THE SUN, THE WIND AND THE WATER. APPEALING TO THE STABLE ELEMENTS OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND OUR PRESENCE AS SOCIAL BEINGS, IS AN APPEAL TOWARDS AN ELEMENT OF CERTAINTY IN A FUTURE OF OVERWHELMING UNCERTAINTY; AND IN THAT WAY WE ARE LEARNING TO FIGHT THE NEGATIVE IMPLICATIONS OF OBSOLESCENCE IN ARCHITECTURE.
3.0 THE EPHEMERAL
SCENARIO PLANNING
80 YEARS
15 YEARS
MARKET DRIVEN / MIXED USE
AND/OR
high quality + quantity of transportation Low professional interaction/ High social interaction High reliance on virtual technology
high quality + quantity of transportation high professional + social interactions low reliance on virual technology
MBTA (under MassDOT)
MassDOT
I-90 Interchange Project - Projected cost $1 Billion / 8 years for construction
Harvard IMP
10 Year Goal = 9 Buildings
Harvard IMP Long Term Plan
ACADEMIC HAVEN
-
+
SOCIAL DESTINATION
IDEAL WORLD
West Station Transit Hub - projected cost $150 Million
CULTURAL CENTER
AND/OR
SCIENCE DRIVEN
low reliance on virtual technology high professional + social interactions low quality + quantity of transportation
high reliance on virtual technology Highly specific professional interactions low quality + quantity of transportation
STUDENT CENTER
RESEARCH HUB
RELIANCE ON VIRTUAL TECHNOLOGIES AND THE NATURE OF OUR INTERACTIONS
QUALITY OF TRANSPORTATION
TODAY
10 YEARS
Active systems and experience
-
+
3.0 THE EPHEMERAL
02
Active systems and experience
08
Future Use Considerations VAV System for Fresh Air - This system is appropriate for all uses - It supplies fresh and and controlsl humidity levels simultaneously (particularly important for Cultural Center - Negative implications of large ductwork is resolved with a high FTF height of 16’ Rading Heating and Cooling - A radiant system is more efficient due to its use of water rather than air (particularly important for basement level considering its height) - It provides more comfort closer to the ground, where users of the building would be Raised Access Floor - Allows for systems to be supplied in various parts of the floor. The raised access floor is integrated with VAV supply and radiant panels, to provde accessible parts in line with the structural grid. Removable floor components are found at 15’ intervals
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Energy Energy supplied by Harvard District Energy Facility (To be fossil fuel neutral by 2026 and fossil fuel free by 2050) Photovoltaic glass Penthouse Mechanical Room Inverter to change DC to AC Heat exchanger neccssary for distric energy use, and eliminating the need for a boiler room AHU for VAV system Heat Recovery System to reduce heating and cooling demands
Ventilation, Heating and Cooling South facing atrium space for stack ventilation Operable awning window with motor for air exhaust on the north side Operable double hung windows with motor for fresh air intake during summer months Shading devices calibrated to allow for solar gain during winter months and avoid solar gain in summer months Winter sun angle - 24.1 Summer sun angle - 71.14 Operable glass partition separating corridor from atrium space for fire safety regulation Customizable partition to allow for cross ventilation during when uses do not require specific ventilation requirements Operable awning window for ventilation Operable casement window for ventilation, and to break evenness of the north facade CLT Panel for attachment of skin WRB/AB and Rigid mineral fiber insulation Furring strips and cavity Rainscreen cladding Floor to ceiling sliding glass to open building to the street and provide active public space Raised access floor - steel pedestals on clt structural slab creating a cavity of 2’ for air, mechanical and electricalsystems Main VAV supply duct connecting back to vertical distribution in the core. Secondary VAV supply ducts equipped with dampers and connected to floor diffusers VAV Return ducts Plywood radiant panels Ground floor concrete slab with embedded radiant heating and cooling Sound insulation below truss structure Dropped ceiling Track lighting system to easily add or remove fixtures Aquarium type fixed glazing filtering light into basement Rainwater collection area Pebbles to further filter and slow the flow of water Pipe to bring water to cistern within the building for resue
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07
HEAT RECOVERY
04
INVERTER
06
AIR HANDLING UNIT
05
HEAT EXCHANGER
03
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Radiant 4x8 Plywood Panels, and their composition to create points of access to raised floor system that are adjacent to the structural datum. This implies the location of partitions, in which every space would be provided with fresh air. This is also the idea location for wet walls.
SUMMER
23
22
WINTER
25
20
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30
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28
29
MECHANICAL
31
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32
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30
31
WATER CISTERN
SECTION
ELEVATION
ACADEMIC HAVEN
CULTURAL CENTER
ACADEMIC HAVEN
CULTURAL CENTER
3.0 THE EPHEMERAL Active systems and experience
ACADEMIC HAVEN - BASEMENT MEDIATHEQUE, AUDITORIUM + CLASSROOMS
SCENARIO PLANS
3.0 THE EPHEMERAL Active systems and experience
ACADEMIC HAVEN - GROUND FLOOR LOBBY, CAFE AND CAFETERIA
SCENARIO PLANS
3.0 THE EPHEMERAL Active systems and experience
ACADEMIC HAVEN - SHARED DORM ROOMS LEVELS 2-5
SCENARIO PLANS
3.0 THE EPHEMERAL Active systems and experience
ACADEMIC HAVEN - APARTMENT STYLE DORM ROOMS LEVELS 2-5
SCENARIO PLANS
3.0 THE EPHEMERAL
SCENARIO PLANS
Active systems and experience
1
1
2
2
Key: 1. Music Hall, Rehearsal + Recording Studio 2. Artist Studios/Workshop Rooms
SOCIO-CULTURAL CENTER - BASEMENT
3.0 THE EPHEMERAL
SCENARIO PLANS
Active systems and experience
1
2
Key: 1. Food Court/Market Place 2. Museum Store
SOCIO-CULTURAL CENTER - GROUND FLOOR
3.0 THE EPHEMERAL
SCENARIO PLANS
Active systems and experience
1
2
2 Key: 1. Admin Space/Gallery Space 2. Museum Gallery
SOCIO-CULTURAL CENTER - LEVELS 2-5
4.0 THE EXQUISITE
WE APPEAL TO OUR HUMAN SENSES TO CREATE SPACES OF COMFORT AND SOCIAL PRIDE. OUR NOTION OF A HUMAN CENTRIC PRACTICE BEGAN WITH A MATERIAL CHOICE THAT EMBRACES WARMTH AND FAMILIARITY; TIMBER. WE PURSUED A STUDY OF SCALE AND HIERARCHY OF SPACE IN RELATION TO THE HUMAN BODY, DEVELOPING OUR PROJECT AROUND NOTIONS OF THE PUBLIC REALM AS THE SPINE OF A BUILDING. THE “SPINE” AND THE “SKIN” BECOME ONE; THE MEETING POINT BETWEEN BUILDING AND LANDSCAPE THAT ELIMINATES INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR BARRIERS. THE AIM IS TO CONTROL COMFORT; WHEN AND WHERE WE CAN FEEL OR OBSERVE THE EFFECTS OF THE SUN, THE WIND AND THE WATER. APPEALING TO THE STABLE ELEMENTS OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND OUR PRESENCE AS SOCIAL BEINGS, IS AN APPEAL TOWARDS AN ELEMENT OF CERTAINTY IN A FUTURE OF OVERWHELMING UNCERTAINTY; AND IN THAT WAY WE ARE LEARNING TO FIGHT THE NEGATIVE IMPLICATIONS OF OBSOLESCENCE IN ARCHITECTURE.
SOUTHERN LANDSCAPE
“THE SPINE” E/W WING
“THE SPINE” E/W WING
“THE SPINE” N/S WING
“THE SPINE” N/S WING BALCONIES
“THE SPINE” N/S WING CLT STRUCTURECONNECTION
“THE SPINE” N/S WING CORRIDOR
“THE SPINE” N/S WING BALCONIES
WESTERN ENTRANCE
SOUTHERN DECK
SOUTHERN DECK
NORTHERN SIDEWALK
NORTHERN SIDEWALK