PRECAST laura gomez + jennĂŠa pillay arch 5120 / arch 5220 ransmeier / laboy may 2020
table of manifesto
5
01 * the enduring structure and site
7
02 * the evolving envelope and landscape
19
03 * the ephemeral systems and program
31
appendix
49
precast playground, a manifesto 01: the enduring
Disaggregating space-forming structure into a family of components, this system of construction re-establishes creative participation in the design of foundational elements of an intervention. Maximizing the material advantageous of steel and concrete in tandem, for gravitational and lateral loads respectively, each component capitlises on the strength in slenderness of steel, supported by the fireporrofing and beautiful material finish of concrete. Permutability of aggregation enables site sensitivity within the philosophy of persistence, whilst integrating humanism through beauty and fun. Deployed to produce a diversity of conditions within a set of operational prescriptives, this prototype is a durable framework of space: an existential constant on which to build enclosure as a changeable membrane.
02: the evolving
A complementary and integrated counterpart, enclosure and landscape mediate between natural and constructed environments. Submergence and excavation encourage the interdependent development of land and construction, producing co-dependence of nature and structure at their interface. Enclosure of structure comprises the layerd control of wind, light, sound, and water through a set of filtering and stopping planes. Experientially permeable, it promotes exchange between interior and exterior, accentuating the beauty and permanence of structure through the intrigue of their interplay.
03: the ephemeral
The ultimate implementaton of program and human occupation further emphasises the adaptability of the estalished framework as a dependable and beautiful constant. Evoking the motif of a ruin, time and weather strengthen the narrative and humanity of the space, creating a cultural allegiance to the intervention through various potential uses. These are supported by mechanical systems, expressed honestly, through strategically as a final layer of language interacting with a framework that is both persistent and playful.
5
01 * the enduring
material touchstone * plasticity
8
9
material touchstone * modularity + form finding
1
2
3
plasticity of material
variety of composition with single component
steel and concrete composite
concrete as masonry
beauty of materiality unique language of connection structure as facade
human scale
erethreal experiential quality
10
walking assembly matter design studio boston, MA 2019
precedent studies
building / prototype II march leschelier burgundy, france 2019
tama art university library toyo ito + associates tokyo, japan 2007
kit of parts study
11
1
indent in beams allow for perpendicular connections
2
3
half-arch double-height module
connection creates cavity at columns, to be filled with concrete
concrete and rebar connector
double-height column connector for componeents and cast-in-place floors
components “complete” columns
8-point gridded connection ‘L’
angled corner for lateral stability and mech. systems 12
shear wall half-arch
height and span parameters varied across modules
wedged modules connect at capped columns
moment frame
half-arch 8-point connection
column connector
angled corner creates uneven sides to components forces directionality in assembly // experientially clunky, unimaginative, and unremarkable from post-and-beam construction // single-span components cannot be placed on top of double-span components due to uneven legs.
8-point conection requires excess material at columns // spatially/experientially too massive // double-height module produces alternating floors of arches and columns // slenderness of modules not feasible for transportation.
system creates complexity without significant advantage over post-and-beam // inelegant use of capping and infill // 30’ by 30’ as largest possible space // bulkiness of pureconcrete components creates large structural elements that infringe on usable spaces.
module progression
4
single span
current steel and concrete composite reduces bulk of components and increases spanning capacity // steel as gravitational structure, concrete as lateral structure // concrete form provides fire-proofing and beautiful finish.
double span
triple span
half arch
47’ 2” 30’ 9” 14’ 4”
14’ 4”
15’
13
31’ 2”
module progression * family of components
EGRESS and CIRCULATION
integration diagram structure
path of egress, width
1
LATERAL LOAD * arches and cores as lateral elements * arches placed at corners * at least one arch per floor (per elevation) to transfer load vertically to the ground
TYPE 1A CONSTRUCTION *assuming automatic sprinkler system Allowable Building Height (feet, above grade): UL Actual Building Height (feet, above grade): 160 feet Allowable # of Stories above Grade Plane: UL Actual # of Stories above Grade Plane: 10
12’ 4” 7’ 6” * stair width 44”
GRAVITATIONAL LOAD
Allowable Area (square feet): UL Actual Area (square feet): 121, 500 square feet
largest floor area (sf.) VOLUME 1 14836 VOLUME 2 10994 occupant load factor: 100 gross (industrial areas) VOLUME 1 149 VOLUME 2 110 0 < occupant load < 500 min. 2 exits per floor exit access travel distance ( ft) VOLUME 1 81 VOLUME 2 78 relevant occupancies: A, F-1, R, S-1 max. exit access travel distance: 250’ (sprinklered) occupant load factor: 200 gross (residential) VOLUME 1 75 VOLUME 2 55 0 < occupant load < 500 min. 2 exits per floor
2
knee-braced structural shading
14
CONGREGATION and TERRACING
regular column grid concrete foundation wall
rigid foam insulation
14’ 4”
30’ 9”
47’ 2”
14’ 4”
component configuration
15’
31’ 2”
component set
concrete form
component make-up
steel c-channel
concrete mat foundation
component assembly
concrete slurry wall
welded plate concrete connection infill of exposed steel
hollow core slab connection
1
2
entry
double-height + views
double height entry space // half-arches reach into public realm // entry way framed by 3-span arch.
3
arches frame significant views // double height spaces framed by corner condition of half-arches // additional upside down arch may complete framing as faรงade gesture // upside down arch serves as seating.
15
4
terracing + corners
interior to site S
half-arches provide shaded terracing to the south // entry to terrace framed by an arch // corners of building volume always created by two perpedicularly connected arches for lateral stability.
entry to site through building framed by arches // additional arches parallel to circulation reach into exterior space // threshold of inside-outside covered area.
module assembly logic + rules
site context and massing strategies
green belt
difference in heights to allow for views to the charles river + open up the corner condition south facade is stepped to allow for maximum daylight penetration stepping allows for terracing which connects the interior with exterior landscape strategies
16
north facade is flat and regular, maintaining contextual moves and shielding from the busy street
continuation of proposed green belt through site
western avenue
soldiers field road landscape manipulation to shield open green space from heavy traffic
soldiers field road
charles river
0
*existing site
17
1
*street edge *contextual deterrents
2
*site access
3
*site approach + circulation *congregation
4
site parti
*formal parti *structural + landscape strategy
02 * the evolving
N
20
site plan
structure and site relationship
1 8
street edge heirarchy
7
formal presentation
6
volumetric juxtaposition
5
interstitial tissue
4
visual transition
3
subterranean exchange
2
porous perimeter
1
site threshold
21
22
landscape tactics
integration diagram * envelope + landscape sloped flashing surface scupper integrated downspout
floor composition
building barriers
concrete topping slab radiant floor heating hollowcore concrete slab
metal vertical fins wind, shading metal mesh panels shading, sound, privacy triple-pane glazing vapor, thermal, water
insulation waterproofing hollowcore concrete slab
23
4â&#x20AC;? concrete steel c-channel waterproofing
4â&#x20AC;? foam insulation
foundation drainage
steel bolts
pre-cast concrete cap 6â&#x20AC;? foam insulation
exterior composition + thermal continuity
component composition + thermal continuity
24
elevation * west
25
elevation* south
26
elevation * north
27
elevation * west
28
29
03 * the ephemeral
WATER
{
municipal water connection
water meter
stand pipe sprinkler connection
fresh water shipment
ELECTRICITY
32
{
storage tank
chiller heat exchanger
electric grid connection
transformer
sun incidence
PV array
}
building (use) mechanical shaft
THERMAL
AIR
{
outside
{
mechanical shaft
switchgear room charge controller storage bank/battery
cooling tower
heat exchanger
chilled water plant
humidifier
mechanical systems logic
mechanical shaft
PVC tubing
}
closed loop
ceiling (air in) interior spaces ceiling (return)
ceiling
appliance sprinklers
drain
wet wall
ceiling (through floor)
municipal sewage connection mechanical shaft
grey water treatment septic tank
chimney
boiler
wet wall
building (drainage)
mechanical shaft
electrical closet
building circuits (slab and wall)
appliance
inverter
mechanical shaft
building circuits (slab and wall)
appliance
water storage tank
370W PV panels
charge controller/ inverter
storage bank
heat exchanger/ humidifier
370W PV panels
HEATING ELECTRICITY PLUMBING AIR
transformer
boiler/ chilled water plant
electrical grid connection
municipal water source
charge storage controller/ bank inverter
heat exchanger/ humidifier
33 boiler/ chilled water plant
$?
99% 99% 99%
99%
[- years] predisposition
[0 years] current
TENSION
DISILLUSION
[10 - 15 years] near
REVOLUTION
[30 - 45 years] speculative
STABILIZATION
[85 - 100 years] aspirational
EVOLUTION scenario 1
34
Humanity exists at the confluence of paradigm-destablising forces. Increasingly extreme economic stratification, an over-saturation of consumerism at the expense of humane principles of labor, and the inability of global governments to conceive of social success outside of monetary parameters are heightened by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Unable to rely on employment and an operational economy to provide, people become isolated from capitalist institutions and constructs. Disillusionment with the political/economic system festers as people retreat from the urban realm. Spaces exist at the scale of the individual.
Separated from usual social and resource networks, people re-constitute their processes of livelihood, rejecting capitalistic tendencies for a tribal society. Smaller networks of people share company and resources as a relatively self-sufficient unit, existing predominantly around the basics of survival ( food, shelter, and companionship). Resources are consolidated into small vestibules of shared, domestic life. Spaces exist at the scale of the family.
TIMELINE 1.
...more like CRAPitalism
Through consistent lack in engagement, the capitalist framework deteriorates. In its place, tribes establish connections among one another to barter and trade specialized resources and skills. Tribes maintain a sense of autonomy and identity, but within a developing network of exchange, based on community, fairness, and trust, rather than monetary retribution. Informal realms and systems of exchange begin to establish themselves. Spaces are connected at the scale of the co-operative.
Networks of tribes blossom into ecosystems of support and exchange anchored in compassion, creation, and symbiosis. Survival needs are met by what the tribe and network owe to each other. Society is reconfigured to value life experienced through community, culture, and the arts. To this end, networks sponsor and uphold places of congregation, recreation, and creation. Spaces exist at the scale of shared cultural resources.
35
scenario 1: CIVIC
N
library and lounge
cafe, lounge, and outdoor seating
36 basement outcropping, exhibition space
outdoor furniture and congregation
CIVIC: site plan
N core egress, elevator + mechanical shaft
coat check freight elevator
coat check and kitchen
kitchen
restrooms
freight elevator
exhibition space and artifact storage
37
artifact storage
custodial storage
gallery space
CIVIC: basement plan
clerestory exhbition space, storage and circulation to exterior site
N
residential
photo lab
freight elevator
wood shop , lounge, and terrace
freight elevator game area
shared kitchen
lounge
shared dining space
38
music lounge
apartment spaces and corridor
wood shop
core egress, elevator + mechanical shaft
PERFORMANCE BENCHMARKS
SPACE USE ANALYSIS
music space and terrace
CIVIC: typical residential plan
NW
S
gallery
N residential
terracing shared spaces
PROGRAM + PASSIVE SYSTEMS
N
S
E
SCENARIO 1: CIVIC
39 STRUCTURE, ENCLOSURE + SITE
LANDSCAPE + GROUND PLANE
landscape furniture landscape connection to basement
basement outcropping
double-height lobby and mezzanine
[- years] trajectory
[0 years] current
CHAOS
IMBALANCE
[5 years] immediate
RETREAT
[10 - 15 years] near
CATALOGUE
[30 years] speculative
SURVEY
[85 - 100 years] aspirational
CO-EXIST scenario 2
40
Global population growth and significant strides in industry and technology create a massive surge in human impact on the the planet and its resources. Unsustainable relationships with energy production and consumption, as well as material manufacturing and use, become entrenched in the creation and maintenance of societies. The disruption of global climate evolves as a result of human industrial activity unmitigated to an appropriate extent and urgency.
Tension between human settlements and the natural environment builds. Global temperatures rise, and dramatic weather events increase in incidence. Climate instability creates uncertainty in how the human population might populate the Earth.
TIMELINE 2.
water under the bridge (but also everything else)
An increase in volatile weather events, due to climate change unchecked. The global human population abandons coastal regions due to the dangers to living - storm weather, flooding, etc. - they now pose. Coastal structures are abandoned to the elements and are overrun by nature.
In an attempt to restore order to the coastal outskirts, and better understand global meteorological stakes, there is a surge in climate research, data collection, and projection. Coastal structures are restored and retro-fitted to serve as meteorological monitoring stations. They house autonomous lab equipment and weather instruments, and remain free of human occupation, only visited when neccesary.
As society re-estblishes itself inland, the transition towards a new climate equilibrium is accepted as the most useful course of action. Meteorological vigilance becomes less necessary. As do human coastal interventions such a levees and dams. These deteriorate or are activly removed. Sea levels continue to rise and shorelines move toward a new equilibrium. Patterns of human occupation are re-established entirely inland, exposing an entire region of unoccupied no-manâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;sland at the coast. These serve at the new national borders, in need of surveillance and protection. Coastal structures house the military in transit check-points that facilitate passage inland.
Sea levels rise to reach a new equilibrium, reclaiming much of the coastline of the previous age and reconfiguring overall planetary landmass. Extreme weather has run its course and the global climate rebalances at a warmer average. Human urbanization exists only inland. Scarcity of landmass and prioritization of housing creates a dependence on ocean resources for sustenance. Coastal structures, now ocean stuctures, become outcroppings of civilisation: touchpoints for travellers crossing vaster oceans, offshore hubs of trade, and cornerstones of resource collection and processing as a lifeline for inland settlements.
41
scenario 2: INDUSTRIAL
N
ship port and loading dock
42
production and packaging
INDUSTRIAL: site plan
43 aquaculture (clam farming)
AQUACULTURE mussel/clam farming
INDUSTRIAL: underwater plan
STORAGE INDUSTRIAL PROCESSING processing, packaging
production and packaging
FISHING OUTPOSTS 44
individual, net fishing
PERFORMANCE BENCHMARKS
SPACE USE ANALYSIS terrace fishing outposts
INDUSTRIAL: typical production plan
NW
S fishing outpost
production
N
N PROGRAM + PASSIVE SYSTEMS
S
SCENARIO 2: INDUSTRIAL
45 STRUCTURE, ENCLOSURE + SITE
S
LANDSCAPE + GROUND PLANE
aquaculture
integration diagram comfort systems passive ventilation operable widows + facade cavity
thermal mass heat absorption by concrete re-released at night to keep internal temperature consistent
shading mesh screen diffuses light for pleasant interior, attenuates sound, protects against wind
horizontal systems infrastructure, arched configuration playfulness of arched array reflects interior program as a creative living space, creates experientially interesting interplay with structure
46
radiant heating/ cooling slab comfort at human level, warmed air rises through space
heat exchanger tempers fresh air intake to be distributed throughout the building
shading precast modules+overhang create shading for the terrace spaces and protect the south facade from hash direct sunlight
radiant heating/ cooling slab comfort at human level, cools industrial spaces at the floor/ machine level
mechanical room floor 2 (mezzanine) mechanical rooms are placed on the second floor to avoid infringing on usable, people-centered spaces in the basement (exhibition space), ground level (community gathering and recreation, and upper levels (residential and maker spaces
horizontal systems infrastructure, stacked configuration stacked arrangement emphasizes the circulation within large open spaces, as well as allowing for more open headspace in large production areas.
mechanical room floor 5 mechanical rooms are placed on the fifth floor to easily serve and connect to all necessary levels as well as integrate with the industrial programmed spaces placement on the fifth floor ensures equipment is housed well above extreme flood levels , expected by the scenario planning. additional gravitational loads are accounted for in oversizing of vertical members.
placement on the second floor ensures equipment is housed above a conservative 15 foot flood line but does not place additional gravitational load on the higher floors, and can be more easily connected to municipal water and electricity infrastructure forced air passed through humidifier and heat exchanger for controlled interior spaces, responsible for fresh air intake and stale air exhaust (not thermal comfort)
CIVIC: museum, maker space, residential
Networks of tribes blossom into ecosystems of support and exchange anchored in compassion, creation, and symbiosis. Survival needs are met by what the tribe and network owe to each other. Society is reconfigured to value life experienced through community, culture, and the arts. Networks sponsor and uphold places of congregation, recreation, and creation. Spaces exist at the scale of shared cultural resources.
INDUSTRIAL: transportation, storage, fishing industry and processing
Sea levels rise to reach a new equilibrium, reclaiming much of the coastline of the previous age and reconfiguring overall planetary landmass. Extreme weather has run its course and the global climate rebalances at a warmer average. Human urbanization exists only inland. The scarcity of landmass and prioritization of housing creates a dependence on ocean resources for sustenance. Coastal structures, now ocean stuctures, become outcroppings of civilization: touchpoints for travelers crossing vaster oceans, offshore hubs of trade, and cornerstones of resource collection and processing as a lifeline for inland settlements.
*
appendix
Working Space small
Service offices Service bathroom
50
Working Space large
Service staff areas Service bathroom Working Space small
Public client/visitor
FABRICATION
electronics, computers, wood, sewing, machine shops Occupancy classification F-1/F-2 This use type is fairly consistent across example programs. The focus of the use type is on working spaces, which are the centers of production. As such, there is a strong emphasis on mechanical systems (ventilation, lighting) to accommodate machinery and fabrication. The spaces are also simultaneously utilized by users, so the environmental conditions must still be tailored to human comfort. As a whole, this use type requires expansive open areas for Working Spaces, which are seviced by smaller program such as, but not limited to, bathrooms, offices, and staff areas. The ratio of service spaces is contigent upon the occupanct of the space, not necessarily the dimensional area of the building. Public space is also designated as a welcoming space for clients/visitors, and are usually more traditionally finished spaces for gathering.
CIRCULATION
LIGHT LEVELS
TEMPERATURE
working space
100°F
service
public
process oriented circulation in fabircation use types is centered around a daily process. Going from entry, to task, to accompanying actions within the building, and finally exit.
natural
COMPOSITION
homogenous
uniform
structured
controlled
atmospheric
~70°F
Temperature in the Fabrication use type is to be at human comfort level (70°F) to accomodate workers.
0°F
A strong emphasis on ventilation systems,mostly mechanical, must be applied in working areas.
practical
51
PRECEDENT EXAMPLES
varied BingDing Wood Kiln Factory // AZL architects
PIM2 Jet Engine Maintenance Base // Jean-François Schmit
• Consistent composition • Scale according to product fabricated • Open spaces
Community Sewing Workshop Amairis // RUTA Arquitectura
STORAGE
parking garage, warehouse, data center Service bathroom circulation
52
Storage Space open
Occupancy classification S-1/S-2 The storage use type encompasses a wide range of object-centered architecture. As such, the specifications for this use type are reliant on what is being stored. This manifests itself in a regulated approach to environmental qualities (light, temperature) which follows a purely practical logic. In some cases, these environmental qualities are more nature-based (like temperature regulation in parking garages). As a whole, regardless of program, the main component is a large, often open, storage space which is serviced mostly by circulation (other services such as bathrooms/utilities are present in certain cases). The storage space is usually double-story, and may or may not have multiple levels.
CIRCULATION
LIGHT LEVELS
TEMPERATURE
storage space
100°F
service
~50°F 0°F
task oriented circulaton in storage use types is based on the completion of a task. The user enters the building, completes the defined task, and then exits.
natural
uniform
atmospheric
In certain cases, the objects stored may necessitate a range of up to 85°F. Storage quarters must be dry, to avoid the decay or unnecessary distress of objects stored.
practical
53
PRECEDENT EXAMPLES
COMPOSITION
homogenous
controlled
Temperature in the Storage use type is to be regulated, with a cooler temperature of 50°F preferred.
structured
varied Lammermarkt Parking Garage // JHK Architecten • Program composition • Varying scales/forms • Consistent circulation
CL Warehouses // VAGA
Warehouse of Time // FT Architects
Service secure, kitchen
Experiental public, cafeteria
Service secure, administrative, mechanical Storage secure, artifacts
Staging/Production secure, restoration, research
MUSEUM
institutional
Gallery choreographed Service public, restrooms, storage Gallery choreographed
54 Flexible Space controlled, event, conference
Service secure, storage Gallery choreographed
Experiental public, retail
Lobby public
Occupancy Classification A-3 Museums are monuments of experience to their subject matter. The public engages with the subject through artfully choreographed interaction with objects and contenct. The administration housed within carry out research, production, restoration and curation. The artifacts themselves are displayed or preserved. Atmospheric spaces are supported by service spaces and experiential spaces of supporting functions.
CIRCULATION
LIGHT LEVELS congregation
TEMPERATURE 100°F
service
~70°F
experiential staging
0°F
storage lobby flexible
ambulatory Whilst choreographed around a thematic experience, public circulation are gien more autonomy and less dictated by time and procedural parameters.
natural
COMPOSITION
homogenous
uniform
structured
controlled
atmospheric
Climate and lighting should balance user experience and narrative, without jeopardising the integrity of arifacts, artwork, and equipment on display. The informal standard of temperature is 70°F +/- 2°F with a relative humidity of 50% +/- 5%. However, consistency is often more important than actual climate levels. Interior climate interfacing with exterior climate at enclosure should be carefully considered to guard against condensation. Lighting can be designed with a sense of artistry and experiential aspirations, however, light sensitivity of displayed materials should be take into account. One standard is 30lux/150lux/300lux for materials of different sensitivities. As this is highly variable, a lighting system of flexiblity and variability across space is prudent.
55
practical
PRECEDENT EXAMPLES
varied
James-Simon-Galerie // David Chipperfield Architects
• • • •
Tacoma Art Museum Benaroya Wing // Olson Kundig
ambulatory procession cores of service program large open spaces for flexible interior partitioning variabiliy of overall form and composition
Mandala Pop-up Digital Art Museum // One Take Architects