No Man's Land: Young People Uncover Women's Viewpoints on the First World War

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NO MAN’S LAND Young People Uncover Women’s Viewpoints on the First World War

Cover photo: Mairi Chisholm Elsie Knocker leaning through a hole in a damaged building in Pervyse, 1915 (detail). Š The National Library of Scotland

NO MAN’S LAND

Young People Uncover Women’s Viewpoints on the First World War Researched, devised and produced by New Focus

Mairi Chisholm No Man’s Land, Pervyse, Flanders 1914

© The National Library of Scotland

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CONTENTS / NO MAN’S LAND

Introduction: No Man’s Land

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Inspiring Women / Map of Europe

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Mairi Chisholm and Elsie Knocker

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Mary ‘Fluffy’ Porter

''

Sister Josie Kane

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Women’s International League of Peace and Freedom

()

Elsie Gledstanes

(-

Florence Farmborough

)+

Olive Edis

*)

Breaking Boundaries: Women and Photography in the First World War

++

Picture Acknowledgements

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Finding Out More

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Partners and Funders

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New Focus: Behind the Scenes

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Project Inspiration and Thanks

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Timeline

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INTRODUCTION / NO MAN’S LAND

No Man’sLand

Young People Uncover Women’s Viewpoints on the First World War

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INTRODUCTION / NO MAN’S LAND

No Man’s Land: ‘a barren, neglected place…a metaphor for the way women’s photography has been forgotten or ignored.’ © The National Library of Scotland

Special Collections, Leeds University Library

Special Collections, Leeds University Library

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INSPIRING WOMEN / NO MAN’S LAND

Florence Farmborough, Russian Red Cross, on the border with Galicia (Austria-Hungary) and Romania 1914–1917

Inspiring Women

Elsie Gledstanes, Volunteer Ambulance Service, London 1915, and Women’s Royal Naval Service, Immingham 1918

Mairi Chisholm and Elsie Knocker, Volunteer First Aid and Ambulance Service, Pervyse, Flanders 1914–1918 Mary Porter, Women’s Royal Air Force, Blandford, Dorset, and France,1919

Olive Edis, photographer in Northern France and Belgium 1919

Sister Sara ‘Josie’ Kane, Queen Alexandra’s Imperial Military Nursing Service, St Andrew’s Hospital, Malta 1915–1916

MAP OF EUROPE / NO MAN’S LAND

Europe/First World War

Women’s International League of Peace and Freedom First Conference, The Hague 1915

DENMARK

G R E AT B R I TA I N

NETHERLANDS BELGIUM

RUSSIA GERMANY

LUXEMBURG

AUSTRIA–HUNGARY FRANCE

SWITZERL AND ROMANIA SERBIA I TA LY

PORTUGAL

MONTENEGRO

BULGARIA

ALBANIA SPAIN

GREECE

I S L A N D O F M A LTA Women’s International League of Peace and Freedom Second Conference, Zürich 1919

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Map based on national borders in 1914

TURKEY

MAIRI CHISHOLM + ELSIE KNOCKER / NO MAN’S LAND

‘Mairi and Elsie both had fun and outgoing personalities, and took images that show them enjoying themselves, despite the difficulties they faced.’ Mollie Wiggins, New Focus

Press Cutting from The War Budget, 1 June 1916

MAIRI CHISHOLM + ELSIE KNOCKER / NO MAN’S LAND

Mairi Chisholm + Elsie Knocker BELGIUM

Pervyse, Flanders, Belgium

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© The National Library of Scotland

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Elsie Knocker and Mairi Chisholm displaying their medals on the cover of Home Chat magazine,13 April 1918. Home Chat was a women’s weekly, and usually featured recipes, short stories and gossip. This magazine cover YLÅLJ[Z OV^ [OL >HY ^HZ changing women’s roles.

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© The National Library of Scotland / All photographs by Mairi Chisholm

MAIRI CHISHOLM + ELSIE KNOCKER / NO MAN’S LAND

Mairi Chisholm Elsie Knocker at Pervyse, Flanders, in 1914. The long coat was suitable for motorcycling.

© The National Library of Scotland

MAIRI CHISHOLM + ELSIE KNOCKER / NO MAN’S LAND

Mairi Chisholm Elsie leaning through a hole in a damaged building in Pervyse,1915. 14 / 15

MAIRI CHISHOLM + ELSIE KNOCKER / NO MAN’S LAND

Mairi Chisholm Elsie poses against sandbags outside their third First Aid post, an abandoned house in Pervyse,1915. The Red Cross is freshly painted on the door.

© The National Library of Scotland

MAIRI CHISHOLM + ELSIE KNOCKER / NO MAN’S LAND

‘There were so many bodies — dead, dying, shockingly or slightly wounded — laid on the floor that it was difficult to walk without treading on them.’ E L S I E 16 / 17

MAIRI CHISHOLM + ELSIE KNOCKER / NO MAN’S LAND

‘One sees the most hideous sights imaginable, men with their jaws blown off, arms and legs mutilated and when one goes into the room one is horrified at the suffering.’ M A I R I

MAIRI CHISHOLM + ELSIE KNOCKER / NO MAN’S LAND

© The National Library of Scotland

Mairi Chisholm A dead German soldier by the Yser (a river in Flanders), December 1914. British newspapers did not show images of corpses, but Mairi recorded quite a number. 18 / 19

© The National Library of Scotland

MAIRI CHISHOLM + ELSIE KNOCKER / NO MAN’S LAND

MAIRI CHISHOLM + ELSIE KNOCKER / NO MAN’S LAND

‘I have lived amongst the soldiers so long, and know how plucky and cheerful they are. I see them patched up, returning to their regiments unmurmuring… not knowing where his mother, wife, or sisters were, or if he would ever see them again.’ ELSIE

Mairi Chisholm Elsie Knocker (standing) with two Belgian soldiers, Lt Aertz and Dr Lejeune, at Pervyse, 1917. The see-saw was played as a ‘game of roulette’ against [OL PUJVTPUN I\SSL[Z [OH[ ÅL^ over the top. 20 / 21

MARY PORTER / NO MAN’S LAND

MARY PORTER / NO MAN’S LAND

MaryPorter

‘Fluffy’

‘I didn’t expect to see women in the Air Force. It’s good to know that there were roles in the war besides being a nurse. Mary’s photo-album shows women doing other things.’ Aditya Pande, New Focus

B R I TA I N

FRANCE

Dorset + Northern France

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Special Collections, Leeds University Library

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Mary’s photo-album. 22 / 23

MARY PORTER / NO MAN’S LAND

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‘You can really tell that these pictures were not planned. These are the kind of pictures you’d put on Facebook, which is quite different from the posed photographs that were normally taken at that time.’ Serena Gosal, New Focus Special Collections, Leeds University Library

MARY PORTER / NO MAN’S LAND

A double-page spread from Mary’s album. Out of all the pages in her photo-album, this doublepage spread seems to best illustrate Mary and her journey through the War. We feel she placed these photos next to each other to show how her work with planes had become a part of her identity, and how she had become very proud of serving in the WRAF. These two pages illustrate her most important events—her role in the WRAF and the friends she made along the way.

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MARY PORTER / NO MAN’S LAND

Mary poses in pyjamas (right) with two friends. On the back of this snapshot is written ‘Blandford, 1919’. Blandford Forum, in Dorset, southwest England, was the site of the Royal Engineers Signal Service, which handled the British Army’s communications during the First World War, such as radio signals and motorcycle despatch. Even after the Armistice (end to ÄNO[PUN ^HZ KLJSHYLK VU November 1918, work continued into 1919. It was a huge operation to bring soldiers home, care for the wounded and restore order and normality.

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Fold

‘[The Army] say it’s time you were home. I think it will come off alright, so keep your pecker up. Of course, it will take a wee while, you know… Your loving sister Mary.’ Letter from Mary to her brother Andrew, written on 30 January 1917. Andrew was killed only a few days later, and the letter came back to Mary marked ‘Deceased’.

Special Collections, Leeds University Library

MARY PORTER / NO MAN’S LAND

‘Mary’s photos show the power of friendship and unity between women.’ Serena Gosal, New Focus

26 / 27

Special Collections, Leeds University Library

SISTER JOSIE KANE / NO MAN’S LAND

SISTER JOSIE KANE / NO MAN’S LAND

JosieKane

Sister Sara Josephine Kane

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‘Hap’ee days. Enright & self 1915 in Malta’ ;OPZ PZ [OL ÄYZ[ WOV[VNYHWO PU the album. If it wasn’t for the uniforms they are wearing, it would be easy to mistake this as a photograph of two friends on holiday.

M A LTA

Island of Malta

28 / 29

SISTER JOSIE KANE / NO MAN’S LAND

‘Looking through Sister Kane’s photo-album, we felt like we had experienced the War with her. We grew attached to her and her story.’

Special Collections, Leeds University Library

Sarah Bartey, Abigail Brook-Petty and Olivia Springer, New Focus

‘[ Doling ] out Quinine to a malaria patient in the orange groves, Malta.’ This picture is unexpected—it looks peaceful and idyllic, with no apparent sign of the War. Quinine is a medication to treat patients with malaria, a potentially fatal tropical disease spread by mosquitoes.

Special Collections, Leeds University Library

SISTER JOSIE KANE / NO MAN’S LAND

º.\UULY )HSK^PU ^OVZL SLNZ HYTZ ^LYL VɈ» This image shows two smiling nurses, standing behind a bed with a patient covered up to his face. It is only when you read the blunt caption that you discover the man is seriously injured.

30 / 31

SISTER JOSIE KANE / NO MAN’S LAND

‘During the War, some women were experiencing more freedom than they’d ever had, and it’s fascinating to see these small moments of happiness in the everyday lives of women.’ Emily Coghlan, New Focus

Special Collections, Leeds University Library

SISTER JOSIE KANE / NO MAN’S LAND

‘Having tea on the beach in Malta (Teddy’s last picnic before going to Egypt) 10 June 1916. He was killed Aug 2nd 1916.’ Sister Kane’s photo-album was given to her by someone called Edward, perhaps the same ‘Teddy’ seen in this picture. 32 / 33

W O M E N ’ S I N T E R NAT I O NA L L E AG U E O F P E AC E A N D F R E E D O M / N O M A N ’ S L A N D

W O M E N ’ S I N T E R NAT I O NA L L E AG U E O F P E AC E A N D F R E E D O M / N O M A N ’ S L A N D

Women’s International League of Peace and Freedom L]Zc i]Z ;^ghi LdgaY LVg WZ\Vc ^c &.&)! ldbZc Y^Y cdi ]VkZ i]Z g^\]ih VcY [gZZYdbh i]Zn ]VkZ idYVn# LdbZc lZgZ cdi VaadlZY id kdiZ dg hiVcY [dg EVga^VbZci# I]^h bZVci i]Vi ldbZc XdjaY cdi d[ÃX^Vaan iV`Z eVgi ^c eda^i^Xh! VcY Y^Y cdi ]VkZ V hVn VWdji ]dl i]Z^g Xdjcign lVh gjc# BVcn ldbZc·l]d lZ b^\]ih cdl XVaa [Zb^c^hih·deedhZY i]^h jc[V^g hnhiZb! XVbeV^\c^c\ [dg ºjc^kZghVa hj[[gV\Z» i]Z kdiZ [dg ZkZgnWdYn # L]Zc lVg lVh YZXaVgZY! ]dlZkZg! ldbZc lZgZ Y^k^YZY Vh id i]Z WZhi lVn id gZhedcY# HdbZ d[ i]Z Hj[[gV\ZiiZh i]dj\]i i]Vi hjeedgi^c\ i]Z lVg Z[[dgi ldjaY ]Zae i]Zb id egdkZ i]Z^g X^i^oZch]^e VcY ºZVgc» i]Z g^\]i id kdiZ# Di]Zg ldbZc i]dj\]i i]Vi hdak^c\ XdcÄ^Xi Wn k^daZcXZ lVh lgdc\ VcY i]Zn XVbeV^\cZY [dg eZVXZ#

NETHERLANDS SWITZERL AND

© The Peace Museum / Peace Pledge Union

Zürich in Switzerland, The Hague in The Netherlands

I]Z LdbZc»h >ciZgcVi^dcVa AZV\jZ [dg EZVXZ VcY ;gZZYdb L>AE; lVh i]Z ldgaY»h Ãghi ldbZc»h eZVXZ dg\Vc^hVi^dc VcY ^h hi^aa VXi^kZ idYVn# >i lVh ZhiVWa^h]ZY ^c &.&* Wn bZbWZgh d[ i]Z >ciZg" cVi^dcVa LdbZc»h Hj[[gV\Z 6aa^VcXZ# 9Zhe^iZ cdi ]Vk^c\ eda^i^XVa edlZg! i]^h dg\Vc^hVi^dc Wgdj\]i id\Zi]Zg bdgZ i]Vc V i]djhVcY ldbZc [gdb VXgdhh i]Z ldgaY id V Xdc[ZgZcXZ ^c I]Z =V\jZ! i]Z CZi]ZgaVcYh! XVaa^c\ [dg eZVXZ[ja cZ\di^Vi^dch id ZcY i]Z Ã\]i^c\# =VgYan Vcn ldbZc [gdb i]Z J@ gZVX]ZY i]Z Xdc[ZgZcXZ# I]^h lVh eVgian WZXVjhZ i]Z 7g^i^h] EVhhedgi D[ÃXZ gZ[jhZY i]Z^g Veea^XVi^dch! VcY eVgian WZXVjhZ i]Z 6Yb^gVain GdnVa CVkn XadhZY i]Z :c\a^h] 8]VccZa id eVhhZc\Zg [Zgg^Zh! aZVk^c\ bdhi d[ i]Z ldbZc higVcYZY# =dlZkZg! dcZ 7g^i^h] ldbVc l]d Y^Y bV`Z ^i lVh :bbZa^cZ EZi]^X`" AVlgZcXZ &-+,¶&.*) # H]Z ]VY WZZc dc V heZV`^c\ idjg ^c i]Z JH! VcY Vgg^kZY Wn WdVi l^i] i]Z 6bZg^XVc \gdje# :bbZa^cZ Y^Y ZkZgni]^c\ h]Z XdjaY id XVbeV^\c [dg eZVXZ VcY ldbZc»h g^\]ih# >ch^YZ i]ZhZ eV\Zh! ndj»aa ÃcY V Xden d[ V ÄnZg lg^iiZc Wn :bbZa^cZ [dg i]Z EZVXZ EaZY\Z Jc^dc! A Call to Women to Resist War# I]Z ldbZc bZi V\V^c Vi i]Z ZcY d[ i]Z ;^ghi LdgaY LVg! ^c O g^X]! Hl^ioZgaVcY! ^c BVn &.&.# I]Zn egdiZhiZY i]Z iZgbh d[ i]Z EVg^h EZVXZ IgZVin d[ KZghV^aaZh ! l]^X] ]Vgh]an ejc^h]ZY <ZgbVcn# I]Z ldbZc Vg\jZY i]Vi i]Z igZVin ldjaY XVjhZ edkZgin VcY gZhZcibZci! VcY ZkZcijVaan aZVY <ZgbVcn id hZZ` gZkZc\Z# HVYan! i]Z^g egZY^Xi^dch lZgZ ^\cdgZY VcY! aZY Wn =^iaZg»h CVo^ eVgin! i]Z HZXdcY LdgaY LVg WZ\Vc ilZcin nZVgh aViZg# Sarah Bartey, New Focus 34 / 35

W O M E N ’ S I N T E R NAT I O NA L L E AG U E O F P E AC E A N D F R E E D O M / N O M A N ’ S L A N D

‘I feel so inspired by these women and their fight for peace and equality. Yet I can’t help thinking how different history would be if their voices were valued on the same level as men.’

© The Peace Museum

HVgV] 7VgiZn! CZl ;dXjh

Wood and copper halftone printing block made to reproduce a group portrait of the British delegation at the second International Congress of Women held in Zürich from 12 to 15 May,1919. Halftone pictures are made up of hundreds of dots, and meant that MVY [OL ÄYZ[ [PTL WOV[VNYHWOZ JV\SK be reproduced in newspapers.

© The Peace Museum

W O M E N ’ S I N T E R NAT I O NA L L E AG U E O F P E AC E A N D F R E E D O M / N O M A N ’ S L A N D

Second International Congress of Women in Zürich,1919: Anita Augspurg (Germany), Charlotte Despard (Ireland), Lida Gustava Hermann (Germany), Rosa Genoni (Italy), Leopoldina Kulka (Austria), Alice Hamilton (US). The image was probably made by a professional photographer, employed by the women to record the event for publicity purposes. This reprint was made on a lithographic printing machine at Leeds Beckett University in 2017, using the original wood and copper printing block on loan from The Peace Museum, Bradford. The block would have originally been printed with black ink, but we decided to use a contemporary colour.

‘With mourning hearts we stand united here. We grieve for many brave young men who have lost their lives on the battlefield before attaining their full manhood; we mourn with the poor mothers bereft of their sons, with the thousands of young widows and fatherless children, and we feel that we can no longer endure in this 20th century of civilisation that government should tolerate brute force as the only solution of international disputes.’ Dr Aletta Jacobs of Holland, in her opening address to the International Congress of Women, The Hague, 1915

36 / 37

E L S I E G L E D S TA N E S / N O M A N ’ S L A N D

:ah^Z ]VY YgZVbh! _jhi a^`Z Vcn dcZ d[ jh cdlVYVnh# H]Z lVh Wdgc ^c &-.& ^c :Va^c\! LZhi AdcYdc! igV^cZY id WZXdbZ Vc Vgi^hi! VcY hZi je V hijY^d ^c &.&)# =dlZkZg! Vi i]Z djiWgZV` d[ lVg! h]Z kdajciZZgZY [dg i]Z VbWjaVcXZ hZgk^XZ ^c AdcYdc! dcZ d[ i]Z Ãghi ejWa^X dg\Vc^hVi^dch id Zbeadn ldbZc Yg^kZgh# :ah^Z lVh _jhi '( nZVgh daY# HVYan! ]Zg Wgdi]Zg lVh `^aaZY ^c ;gVcXZ ^c &.&*! Wji h]Z Xdci^cjZY id WZ ^ckdakZY ^c lVg hZgk^XZh# 7n &.&-! h]Z ]VY _d^cZY i]Z LdbZc»h GdnVa CVkVa HZgk^XZ LGCH ! hZgk^c\ Vi V hjWbVg^cZ WVhZ Vi >bb^c\]Vb! cZVg <g^bhWn# H]Z YZXdYZY h^\cVah [gdb i]Z 6Yb^gVain! c^\]i VcY YVn! l]^X] h]Z YZhXg^WZY Vh ºVaa iZX]c^XVa hij[[»# I]Z LGCH ]VY WZZc [dgbZY ^c &.&, l]Zc i]Z GdnVa CVkn WZXVbZ i]Z Ãghi d[ i]Z J@»h i]gZZ VgbZY [dgXZh id d[ÃX^Vaan gZXgj^i ldbZc! VcY WZXVbZ c^X`cVbZY ºLgZch»#

Elsie Gledstanes

‘Elsie went through a tough time and stuck to her post.’ Aditya Pande, New Focus

:ah^Z idd` hcVeh]dih Yjg^c\ i]Z LVg! VcY XdaaZXiZY edgigV^ih VcY e]did\gVe]h bVYZ Wn di]Zgh# H]Z Xji dji hidg^Zh [gdb i]Z LGCH BV\Vo^cZ i]Vi lZgZ gZaZkVci id ]Zg! dg VWdji di]Zg ldbZc ldg`^c\ ^c i]Z LVg# H]Z eVhiZY i]ZhZ ^bV\Zh ^cid ]Zg e]did"VaWjb id iZaa i]Z hidgn d[ ]Zg dlc ZmeZg^ZcXZ# ;daadl^c\ i]Z LVg! :ah^Z lVh VWaZ id Xdci^cjZ l^i] ]Zg Vgi! VcY egdYjXZY eV^ci^c\h ^c iZbeZgV! d^a! eVhiZa VcY lViZgXdadjgh# H]Z hijY^ZY Vi i]Z HaVYZ ^c AdcYdc VcY Vahd ^c EVg^h! VcY ^c i]Z &.(%h VcY &.)%h h]Z Zm]^W^iZY hZkZgVa i^bZh Vi i]Z GdnVa 6XVYZbn# :ah^Z WZXVbZ V hjXXZhh[ja Vgi^hi! V bZbWZg d[ i]Z GdnVa HdX^Zin d[ 7g^i^h] 6gi^hih VcY V ;Zaadl d[ i]Z GdnVa HdX^Zin d[ 6gih# B R I TA I N

Immingham and London

Emily Coghlan and Nazish Majid, New Focus

Special Collections, Leeds University Library

E L S I E G L E D S TA N E S / N O M A N ’ S L A N D

‘I lost all the young men with whom I had associated beforehand, at dances and so forth. They all went in one sweep.’ ELSIE

A portrait of Elsie in her WRNS uniform

38 / 39

Special Collections, Leeds University Library

E L S I E G L E D S TA N E S / N O M A N ’ S L A N D

A game of tug-of-war, probably a training exercise for the Wrens. Their uniform included shirt, tie and long skirt, as trousers were still considered unsuitable for women to wear.

E L S I E G L E D S TA N E S / N O M A N ’ S L A N D

‘Elsie shows that it was possible to do anything, even though women were looked down on and seen as a lower-class category. Elsie managed to reach for her dreams whether or not others disapproved of her.’ Nazish Majid, New Focus

40 / 41

E L S I E G L E D S TA N E S / N O M A N ’ S L A N D

Special Collections, Leeds University Library

‘Our fun and relaxation took to taking the ferry over to Hull and going to the station and getting a really good meal. There was no other form of relaxation at all. None.’ E L S I E

E L S I E G L E D S TA N E S / N O M A N ’ S L A N D

Special Collections, Leeds University Library © IWM (Q 19653)

º>9,5: 6ɉJLY 0UZ[Y\J[PUN 5H]HS 4LU PU <ZL VM .HZ 4HZRZ»

Elsie cut out this clipping from WRNS Magazine, ^OPJO ZOV^Z H MLTHSL VɉJLY ZOV^PUN TLU PU [OL Royal Navy how to use gas masks. In 1914 no-one dreamed of women in the Navy, but as this image shows, a few years later women were trained and X\HSPÄLK HUK ^LYL L]LU PUZ[Y\J[PUN ZLY]PJLTLU 42 / 43

E L S I E G L E D S TA N E S / N O M A N ’ S L A N D

Special Collections, Leeds University Library © IWM (Q 19648)

‘Naval Women Ratings Delivering Orders’

E L S I E G L E D S TA N E S / N O M A N ’ S L A N D

Special Collections, Leeds University Library © IWM (Q 19648)

‘And Others Working on Mines’

Two more clippings from WRNS Magazine. Women showed they had the ability to do KPɉJ\S[ ^VYR SPRL WYLWHYPUN L_WSVZP]L mines for the Navy, which previously only men had done. 44 / 45

FLORENCE FARMBOROUGH / NO MAN’S LAND

‘The war came to me as a nightmare…At breakfast the news was broken: Russia is at war with Germany…it seemed just as though someone had drawn a curtain down on one’s happiness. I knew without a shadow of a doubt that all our peaceful, lovely, happy moments in the Russian countryside had ceased, could never come back to us.’ F L O R E N C E

Florence

Farmborough ;adgZcXZ ;VgbWdgdj\] &--,¶&.,- lVh Vc VYkZcijgdjh ldbVc/ Vc Vji]dg! cjghZ! iZVX]Zg VcY e]did\gVe]Zg# L]Zc h]Z lVh '&! h]Z lZci id Gjhh^V! iZVX]^c\ V YdXidg»h [Vb^an ^c BdhXdl# L]Zc i]Z ;^ghi LdgaY LVg Wgd`Z dji ^c &.&)! ;adgZcXZ kdajciZZgZY Vh V cjghZ [dg i]Z Gjhh^Vc GZY 8gdhh dc i]Z :VhiZgc ;gdci# H]Z aZVgcZY Gjhh^Vc VcY eVhhZY i]Z ZmVbh id WZXdbZ V hjg\^XVa cjghZ! _d^c^c\ i]Z &%i] GZY 8gdhh Hjg\^XVa ;^ZaY DignVY igdde # H]Z heZci bjX] d[ i]Z LVg dc [gdci a^cZh ^c <Va^X^V! V gZ\^dc ^c egZhZci"YVn EdaVcY VcY J`gV^cZ! VcY aViZg GdbVc^V# Emily Coghlan and Mehreen Khan, New Focus

RUSSIA AUSTRIAHUNGARY

Galicia, Russian Front

Right: A portrait of Florence wearing her travelling uniform— dark brown dress, black apron with red cross and black veil.

© IWM (Q 10716)

FLORENCE FARMBOROUGH / NO MAN’S LAND

46 / 47

;adgZcXZ lVh VagZVYn V `ZZc e]did\gVe]Zg! VcY Yjg^c\ i]Z LVg h]Z e]did\gVe]ZY ]Zg ZmeZg^ZcXZh jh^c\ V aVg\Z eaViZ XVbZgV VcY ig^edY! YZkZade^c\ i]Z eaViZh ^c bV`Zh]^[i YVg`gddbh ^c i]Z ÃZaY# 6i Ãghi h]Z idd` e]didh [dg ]Zg dlc gZXdgY Wji! ZcVWaZY Wn ]Zg hZa["iVj\]i Gjhh^Vc! h]Z ZkZcijVaan ldg`ZY Vh V hZb^"d[ÃX^Va e]did\gVe]Zg [dg i]Z Gjhh^Vc Vji]dg^i^Zh# =Zg e]didh lZgZ eVgian V eZghdcVa gZhedchZ eZg]Veh id XdcYZbc lVg Wji i]Zn lZgZ Vahd egdWVWan jhZY Vh egdeV\VcYV id ZcXdjgV\Z i]Z Gjhh^Vc eZdeaZ id Ã\]i V\V^chi i]Z <ZgbVch# 6[iZg i]Z 7dah]Zk^` GZkdaji^dc ^c Gjhh^V ^c &.&,! ;adgZcXZ lVh [dgXZY id hZaa ]Zg XVbZgV VcY \d WVX` id i]Z J@# H]Z lgdiZ hZkZgVa Vgi^XaZh ^c &.&- [dgI]Z I^bZh cZlheVeZg! l]^X] lZgZ XgZY^iZY ºWn Vc :c\a^h]ldbVc» l^i]dji jh^c\ ]Zg cVbZ# AViZg ^c ]Zg a^[Z! h]Z ldg`ZY Vh V igVchaVidg! WgdVYXVhiZg VcY jc^kZgh^in aZXijgZg# >c &.,)! Vi i]Z V\Z d[ -,! ;adgZcXZ ejWa^h]ZY ]Zg lVg Y^Vgn! ^aajhigViZY l^i] ]Zg e]did\gVe]h# 9Zhe^iZ V heVg` d[ ^ciZgZhi ^c ]Zg hidgn! h]Z ^h Vabdhi [dg\diiZc idYVn# Emily Coghlan and Mehreen Khan, New Focus

Florence Farmborough A burial ceremony of Russian soldiers killed in action, after [OL )Y\ZPSV] 6ɈLUZP]L June 1916. Florence wrote,‘the bodies are wrapped in sheets and strewn ^P[O ÅV^LYZ» The soldiers present are drivers and orderlies attached to Florence’s Red Cross unit.

© IWM (Q 97838)

FLORENCE FARMBOROUGH / NO MAN’S LAND

FLORENCE FARMBOROUGH / NO MAN’S LAND

‘It is astonishing how quickly even a raw recruit can grow accustomed, though never hardened, to the sight and sound of constant suffering.’ FLORENCE

48 / 49

FLORENCE FARMBOROUGH / NO MAN’S LAND

Florence Farmborough Russian soldiers of the 62nd Division in 1916, treating Vaska the goat (their pet mascot) after his right hoof was crushed by a vehicle. Florence wrote, ‘after bleating frantically throughout his ordeal, he sped away on three legs’.

All photographs by Florence Farmborough © IWM (Q 97829)

FLORENCE FARMBOROUGH / NO MAN’S LAND

© IWM (Q 97851)

Florence Farmborough A two-year old boy, Gheorghi, his YPNO[ HYT ISV^U VɈ I` ZOYHWULS is tended by a Red Cross nurse, 1916.

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FLORENCE FARMBOROUGH / NO MAN’S LAND

© IWM (Q 98448)

FLORENCE FARMBOROUGH / NO MAN’S LAND

Florence Farmborough Russian gunners waiting for the order [V ÄYL H ÄLSK HY[PSSLY` N\U 1\UL Two of the men are covering their ears in preparation for the blast, but might be exaggerating for Florence’s camera.

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OLIVE EDIS / NO MAN’S LAND

Olive Edis Self portrait, c.1912. 6SP]L ^HZ VUL VM [OL ÄYZ[ WLVWSL to perfect the use of Autochrome, [OL ÄYZ[ JVTTLYJPHSS` H]HPSHISL colour photographic process.

OLIVE EDIS / NO MAN’S LAND

Olive

Edis

© Cromer Museum, Norfolk Museums Service

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BELGIUM FRANCE

Flanders, Northern Belgium

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OLIVE EDIS / NO MAN’S LAND

‘Olive Edis has become a symbol of female strength in my eyes, and an empowering figure. Her images present women in positions of skill, dominance and responsibility, and although often in ‘masculine’ positions or settings, they still appear ‘feminine’. I feel inspired and liberated by Olive’s life and work.’ Ione Collins, New Focus

© IWM (Q 8000)

OLIVE EDIS / NO MAN’S LAND

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Olive Edis Members of the Women’s Royal Air Force (WRAF) arrive at Boulogne, France, after travelling from England,1919.

OLIVE EDIS / NO MAN’S LAND

‘I explained that the Imperial War Museum thought that a woman photographer, living among the girls in their camps, was likely to achieve more intimate pictures, descriptive of their everyday life, that a man press photographer.’ O L I V E

© IWM (Q 8082)

OLIVE EDIS / NO MAN’S LAND

Olive Edis Miss Edith Pye in a ward at the Maternity Hospital, at Chalons-sur-Marne in north eastern France, 1919. During the four years and ten months of the Mission’s work there were 981 births and 1,909 infants and children were nursed. We think it’s amazing to see life beginning during a war. 58 / 59

OLIVE EDIS / NO MAN’S LAND

‘Olive showed what was happening behind the scenes as well as on the battlefield. She always focused on women. She was passionate about their roles in war and produced a real-life portrayal of the War from a woman’s perspective.’ Benjamin Heaton, New Focus

Olive Edis Women from the Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps (QMAAC) working in the machine room of the Royal Air Force (RAF) engine repair shops at Pont de l’Arche, France.

OLIVE EDIS / NO MAN’S LAND

© IWM (Q 8116)

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OLIVE EDIS / NO MAN’S LAND

Olive Edis Members of Queen Mary’s Army Auxiliary Corps (QMAAC) hoisting the Union Jack in Bourges, France, in 1919. It is more usual to ZLL [^V TLU YHPZPUN H ÅHN I\[ OLYL two women perform the task. It’s a patriotic moment, perhaps intended to show how women had contributed to victory.

OLIVE EDIS / NO MAN’S LAND

© IWM (Q 8053)

‘I felt very pleased that a woman should get that chance [to photograph]— it was hardly to be expected that they would allow a woman on the fighting line, but I had come in as soon as possible.’ O L I V E 62 / 63

OLIVE EDIS / NO MAN’S LAND

‘Jolly, sporting, happy girls most of them were, though many of the older bore the marks of long and strenuous labour; but aged and tired as some of them were, I doubt if one of them would have foregone the privilege of working and toiling as they had done.’ O L I V E

© IWM (Q 8028)

OLIVE EDIS / NO MAN’S LAND

Breaking Boundaries: Women and Photography in the First World War

Olive Edis The grave of Betty Stevenson is tended by a member of the Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC) at Etaples, France 1919. Bertha ‘Betty’ Stevenson was a YMCA driver who was killed in an air raid in 1918, aged only 21. She had stayed in the danger zone to help French refugees. This powerful image seems to encapsulate the traditional maternal role of women. However, it caused an outcry when it ^HZ ÄYZ[ ZLLU ^P[O P[Z Z\NNLZ[PVU [OH[ women might be working as gravediggers, supposedly an unsuitable job for women.

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BREAKING BOUNDARIES / NO MAN’S LAND

Kodak’s small Vest Pocket Camera, known as ‘The Soldier’s Camera’ after the outbreak of the First World War.

BREAKING BOUNDARIES / NO MAN’S LAND

Breaking Boundaries: Women and Photography in the First World War

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Susan Grayzel, Women and the First World War (Routledge, 2002), p. 27

1

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BREAKING BOUNDARIES / NO MAN’S LAND

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Country Life, ‘Erecting Aeroplanes’ Part IV, April 1917, in the collection of The Peace Museum, Bradford, The Upper Hand: I.XII

2

3 Hilary Roberts: ‘Photography, 1914–1918’, p.2, in International Encyclopedia of the First World War (2014, Free University of Berlin), available online at www.19141918-online.net/. 4

Roberts, p.4.

BREAKING BOUNDARIES / NO MAN’S LAND

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5

Roberts, p.4.

Alison Fell and Christine Hallett, ‘New Perspectives on First World War Nursing’, in Alison Fell and Christine Hallett (eds), First World War Nursing: New Perspectives, (Routledge, 2013). 6

7

Roberts, p.6

8

Roberts, pp10 –11.

9

Roberts , p. 8.

Susan Grayzel, Changing Lives: Gender Expectations and Roles during and after World War One, The British Library Online (World War One articles), published 2014. https://www.bl.uk/worldwar-one/articles/changinglives-gender-expectations accessed 10/08/2017.

10

11 Alison Fell and Ingrid Sharp, The Women’s Movement in Wartime: International Perspectives,1914–1919 (Palgrave Macmillan, 2007).

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BREAKING BOUNDARIES / NO MAN’S LAND

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Rowena Mason and Ewen MacAskill, ‘UK to Lift Ban on Female Soldiers serving in Close Combat Frontline Roles’, The Guardian, 8 July 2016, available online at https:// www.theguardian.com/ uk-news/2016/jul/08/ uk-army-female-soldiersclose-combat-groundrole-ban-to-be-lifted, accessed 10/08/2017 12

Emily Coghlan, New Focus

Picture acknowledgements CZl ;dXjh ldjaY a^`Z id i]Vc` i]Z [daadl^c\ hdjgXZh d[ ^bV\Zh VcY$dg eZgb^hh^dc id gZegdYjXZ i]Zb/ Olive Edis e#&%! *) 8gdbZg BjhZjb! Cdg[da` BjhZjbh HZgk^XZ 8GGBJ/ '%%-#&)#&+ e#*+"*, >beZg^Va LVg BjhZjbh F -%%% e#*-"*. >beZg^Va LVg BjhZjbh F -%-' e#+%"+& >beZg^Va LVg BjhZjbh F -&&+ e#+( >beZg^Va LVg BjhZjbh F -%*( e#+) >beZg^Va LVg BjhZjbh F -%'- Florence Farmborough GZegdYjXZY l^i] i]Z eZgb^hh^dc d[ >beZg^Va LVg BjhZjbh! jcYZg <dkZgcbZci Dge]Vc Ldg`h hX]ZbZ! a^XZcXZ cjbWZg DLAH%%%%..# e#&%!), F &%,&++ e#)-"). F.,-(- e#*% F .,-'. e#*& F .,-*& e#*'"*( F .-))- Mairi Chisholm e#&' I]Z LVg 7jY\Zi! & ?jcZ &.&+ I]Z CVi^dcVa A^WgVgn d[ HXdiaVcY/ e#&( 6XX#-%%+ ' e&)"'& 6XX#-%%+ (!)!* Women’s International League of Peace and Freedom e#&&!(+ I]Z EZVXZ BjhZjb 7G;EB &...#(+%#*+#- e#() I]Z EZVXZ BjhZjb 7G;EB '%&'#(#)+ e#(, I]Z EZVXZ BjhZjb 7G;EB &...#(+%#*+#. ! gZegdYjXZY l^i] i]Z eZgb^hh^dc d[ I]Z EZVXZ BjhZjb VcY EZVXZ EaZY\Z Jc^dc

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FINDING OUT MORE / NO MAN’S LAND

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Books and websites

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Nurses

LZ ]VkZ add`ZY Vi bVcn hdjgXZh id gZhZVgX] i]^h Wdd`# >c eVgi^XjaVg! lZ ldjaY a^`Z id VX`cdlaZY\Z/ &.&)"&.&- Online: International Encyclopaedia of the First World War, lll#&.&)¶&.&-#cZi 9^VcZ 6i`^chdc! Elsie and Mairi Go to War: Two Extraordinary Women on the Western Front GVcYdb =djhZ! '%&% ?VcZ 8Vgb^X]VZa! ºDa^kZ :Y^h/ >beZg^Va LVg BjhZjb E]did\gVe]Zg ^c ;gVcXZ VcY 7Za\^jb! BVgX] &.&.»! Imperial War Museum Review No.4 >LB! &.-. :a^oVWZi] :abdgZ! ºDa^kZ :Y^h/ I]gdj\] i]Z AZch d[ 7g^iV^c»h ;^ghi LVg E]did\gVe]Zg»! ]iieh/$$da^kZZY^hegd_ZXi#ldgYegZhh#Xdb ;adgZcXZ ;VgbWdgdj\]! Russian Album 1908–1918! ZY^iZY Wn ?d]c ?daa^[[Z B^X]VZa GjhhZaa EjWa^h]^c\! &.,. =^aVgn GdWZgih! ºE]did\gVe]n»! &.&)¶&.&- Dca^cZ/ >ciZgcVi^dcVa :cXnXadeVZY^V d[ i]Z ;^ghi LdgaY LVg! lll#&.&)¶&.&-#cZi =^aVgn GdWZgih º7g^i^h] LdbZc E]did\gVe]Zgh d[ i]Z ;^ghi LdgaY LVg»! >beZg^Va LVg BjhZjbh! ]iie/$$lll#^lb#dg\#j`$]^hidgn$Wg^i^h]"ldbZc" e]did\gVe]Zgh"d["i]Z"Ãghi"ldgaY"lVg GdnVa 6^g ;dgXZ BjhZjb! ºLdbZc»h GdnVa 6^g ;dgXZ LG6; &.&-¶&.'%» ]iieh/$$lll#gV[bjhZjb#dg\#j`$gZhZVgX]$dca^cZ" Zm]^W^i^dch$ldbZc"d["i]Z"V^g"[dgXZ$ldbZch"gdnVa"V^g" [dgXZ"lgV["&.&-"&.'%#Vhem LdbZc»h >ciZgcVi^dcVa AZV\jZ d[ EZVXZ VcY ;gZZYdb! These Dangerous Women, 1915–1919! ]iie/$$lll#l^ae[#dg\#j`$le"XdciZci$jeadVYh$'%&*$%,$ i]ZhZ"YVc\Zgdjh"ldbZc"l^ae["Wd#eY[ 70 / 71

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PA RT N E R S A N D F U N D E R S / N O M A N ’ S L A N D

Partners and Funders

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PA RT N E R S A N D F U N D E R S / N O M A N ’ S L A N D

Partners and Funders

Heritage Partners The Peace Museum, Bradford ZmeadgZh i]Z ]^hidgn VcY d[iZc jcidaY hidg^Zh d[ eZVXZ! eZVXZbV`Zgh! hdX^Va gZ[dgb VcY eZVXZ bdkZbZcih# >i ^h i]Z dcan VXXgZY^iZY bjhZjb d[ ^ih `^cY ^c i]Z J@# lll#eZVXZbjhZjb#dg\#j` University of Leeds ^h V eVgicZg i]gdj\] i]Z AZ\VX^Zh d[ LVg gZhZVgX] XajhiZg0 i]Z 6gih VcY =jbVc^i^Zh GZhZVgX] 8djcX^a"[jcYZY <ViZlVnh id i]Z ;^ghi LdgaY LVg :c\V\ZbZci 8ZcigZ0 VcY I]Z A^YYaZ 8daaZXi^dc! eVgi d[ i]Z Jc^kZgh^in A^WgVgn»h HeZX^Va 8daaZXi^dch# ]iieh/$$Vgih#aZZYh#VX#j`$aZ\VX^Zhd[lVg$ lll#\ViZlVnh[ll#dg\#j` ]iieh/$$a^WgVgn#aZZYh#VX#j`$heZX^Va"XdaaZXi^dch"a^YYaZ"XdaaZXi^dc IWM (Imperial War Museums) and First World War Centenary Partnership >LB iZaah i]Z hidgn d[ eZdeaZ l]d ]VkZ a^kZY! [dj\]i VcY Y^ZY ^c XdcÄ^Xih ^ckdak^c\ 7g^iV^c VcY i]Z 8dbbdclZVai] h^cXZ i]Z ;^ghi LdgaY LVg# Djg jc^fjZ 8daaZXi^dch! bVYZ je d[ i]Z ZkZgnYVn VcY i]Z ZmXZei^dcVa! gZkZVa hidg^Zh d[ eZdeaZ! eaVXZh! ^YZVh VcY ZkZcih# >LB ^h aZVY^c\ i]Z ;^ghi LdgaY LVg 8ZciZcVgn EVgicZgh]^e! V cZildg` d[ adXVa! gZ\^dcVa VcY ^ciZgcVi^dcVa XjaijgVa VcY ZYjXVi^dcVa dg\Vc^hVi^dch# Id\Zi]Zg! i]Z EVgicZgh]^e ^h egZhZci^c\ V k^WgVci egd\gVbbZ d[ XjaijgVa ZkZcih! VXi^k^i^Zh VcY Y^\^iVa eaVi[dgbh! ZcVWa^c\ b^aa^dch d[ eZdeaZ VXgdhh i]Z ldgaY id Y^hXdkZg bdgZ VWdji a^[Z ^c i]Z ;^ghi LdgaY LVg# lll#^lb#dg\#j` lll#&.&)#dg\

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P RO J E C T I N S P I R AT I O N A N D T H A N K S / N O M A N ’ S L A N D

Project inspiration No Man’s Land: Young People Uncover Women’s Viewpoints on the First World War VcY i]^h ejWa^XVi^dc ^h ^che^gZY Wn i]Z bV_dg Zm]^W^i^dc/ No Man’s Land: Women’s Photography and the First World War 8jgVidg/ 9g# E^eeV DaYÃZaY! =ZVY d[ Egd\gVbbZ Vi >begZhh^dch <VaaZgn :m]^W^i^dc idjg/ >begZhh^dch <VaaZgn! 7gVY[dgY , DXidWZg id (% 9ZXZbWZg '%&, ! 7g^hida 8Vi]ZYgVa + 6eg^a id & ?jan '%&- ! I]Z Ijgce^`Z! AZ^\] &% CdkZbWZg id &' ?VcjVgn '%&- ! VcY 7^h]de 6jX`aVcY Idlc =Vaa '%&. # ;jcYZgh/ CVi^dcVa AdiiZgn i]gdj\] 6gih 8djcX^a :c\aVcY0 EVja BZaadc 8ZcigZ [dg HijY^Zh ^c 7g^i^h] 6gi0 VcY EZiZg :# EVabfj^hi BZbdg^Va ;jcY [dg =^hidg^XVa E]did\gVe]^X GZhZVgX]# New Focus would like to thank ?Zcc^[Zg HdWda! AZVgc^c\ VcY :c\V\ZbZci BVcV\Zg! >begZhh^dch <VaaZgn 9g# E^eeV DaYÃZaY! =ZVY d[ Egd\gVbbZ! >begZhh^dch <VaaZgn Egd[Zhhdg 6a^hdc ;Zaa! Egd[Zhhdg d[ ;gZcX] 8jaijgVa =^hidgn! HX]dda d[ AVc\jV\Zh! 8jaijgZh VcY HdX^Zi^Zh! Jc^kZgh^in d[ AZZYh =^aVgn GdWZgih! GZhZVgX] 8jgVidg d[ E]did\gVe]h! >beZg^Va LVg BjhZjbh 8]VgadiiZ =Vaa! 8daaZXi^dch VcY DjigZVX] D[ÃXZg! I]Z EZVXZ BjhZjb <gV]Vb 8dc\gZkZ! 9^gZXidg! :kdaji^dc Eg^ci =daa^Z 8dd`! <gVcih D[ÃXZg Vi =Zg^iV\Z AdiiZgn ;jcY 9ZWdgV] 9VlZ [dg h]Vg^c\ ]Zg bZbdg^Zh d[ :ah^Z <aZYhiVcZh 6cYn :YlVgYh! HVgV] 9j ;Zj VcY 9^X` 9jg`^c Vi AZZYh 7ZX`Zii Jc^kZgh^in 6ccZ ;Zaa [dg VYY^i^dcVa gZhZVgX] dc i]Z a^kZh d[ BVgn EdgiZg! :ah^Z <aZYhiVcZh! HVgV @VcZ VcY ;adgZcXZ ;VgbWdgdj\] H]VccZc AVc\! AZVgc^c\ VcY 6Yb^c^higVi^dc D[ÃXZg! I]Z EZVXZ BjhZjb 6ccZ BXCZ^aa! 9^gZXidg! HVgV] =^aa! 9Zejin 9^gZXidg! VcY i]Z iZVb Vi >begZhh^dch <VaaZgn 6a^hdc BZiXVa[Z! 8jgVidg d[ B^hh^dcVgn B^a^iVgn 8daaZXi^dch! 6gX]^kZh VcY BVcjhXg^ei 8daaZXi^dch! CVi^dcVa A^WgVgn d[ HXdiaVcY 6a^hiV^g Bjge]n! 8jgVidg! 8gdbZg BjhZjb! Cdg[da` BjhZjbh HZgk^XZ A^o GdWZgihdc! 8ZciZcVgn EVgicZgh]^e Egd\gVbbZ D[ÃXZg [dg :c\a^h] GZ\^dch CVi^dcVa VcY >ciZgcVi^dcVa AZVgc^c\ VcY :c\V\ZbZci Vi ;^ghi LdgaY LVg 8ZciZcVgn EVgicZgh]^e AVjgV L^ahdc! AZVgc^c\ :c\V\ZbZci D[ÃXZg! IgZVhjgZh d[ i]Z 7gdi]Zgidc! I]Z 7gdi]Zgidc A^WgVgn! Jc^kZgh^in d[ AZZYh

NO MAN’S LAND

6aa g^\]ih gZhZgkZY# Cd eVgi d[ i]^h ejWa^XVi^dc bVn WZ gZegdYjXZY! hidgZY ^c V gZig^ZkVa hnhiZb dg igVchb^iiZY ^c Vcn [dgb dg Wn Vcn bZVch! ZaZXigdc^X! bZX]Vc^XVa! e]didXden^c\! dg di]Zgl^hZ! l^i]dji i]Z lg^iiZc eZgb^hh^dc d[ i]Z ejWa^h]Zg! ZmXajY^c\ ;V^g 9ZVa^c\# :kZgn Z[[dgi ]Vh WZZc bVYZ id XdciVXi Xdeng^\]i ]daYZgh# DlcZgh VcY Xdeng^\]i ]daYZgh ]VkZ WZZc XgZY^iZY ^c [jaa l]ZgZkZg edhh^WaZ# LZ Vedad\^hZ [dg Vcn VXX^YZciVa Zggdgh dg db^hh^dch# 6cn Xdeng^\]i ]daYZgh lZ ]VkZ WZZc jcVWaZ id gZVX] dg ^cXdggZXian VX`cdlaZY\Z VgZ ^ck^iZY id XdciVXi >begZhh^dch <VaaZgn# 6 XViVad\jZ [dg i]^h Wdd` ^h VkV^aVWaZ [gdb i]Z 7g^i^h] A^WgVgn# IZmih CZl ;dXjh! '%&, >bV\Zh i]Z g^\]ih ]daYZgh E]didh d[ CZl ;dXjh 7Z]^cY i]Z HXZcZh CZl ;dXjh! '%&, Egd_ZXi AZVYZgh/ ?Zcc^[Zg HdWda VcY E^eeV DaYÃZaY 9Zh^\c/ 6cYn :YlVgYh ^c XdaaVWdgVi^dc l^i] CZl ;dXjh Eg^ci/ :kdaji^dc Eg^ci ;^ghi ejWa^h]ZY Wn CZl ;dXjh $ >begZhh^dch <VaaZgn! '%&,/ Impressions Gallery 8ZciZcVgn HfjVgZ 7gVY[dgY 79& &H9 IZa# )) % &',) ,(,-)( Zcfj^g^Zh5^begZhh^dch"\VaaZgn#Xdb lll#^begZhh^dch"\VaaZgn#Xdb 8dbeVcn GZ\# Cd# &&+&%'. 8]Vg^in CjbWZg/ *%('(;jcYZY Wn i]Z 6gih 8djcX^a :c\aVcY VcY hjeedgiZY Wn 7gVY[dgY BZigdeda^iVc 9^hig^Xi 8djcX^a Eg^ciZY ^c J@ >H7C/ %".%+(+&"(+"'

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NEW FOCUS— BEHIND THE SCENES

Team New Focus at

ney. the start of our jour

‘We found out that the oils from your hands can damage photographs, so we wore latex gloves.’

THE PEACE MUSEUM, BRADFORD

‘The best bit about today was handling pictures one hundred years old and reading their messages.’

THE PEACE MUSEUM, BRADFORD

Meeting Charlotte Hall, Collections and Outreach Officer, The Peace Museum, Bradford

We disco vered ph oto-prin Women’s ting bloc L e a gue o ks by the f Interna tional Pe ac e and Freedo

m.

‘The images were brought to life through the printing process. It was brilliant to see the images how they would have been seen at the time, and not just from the blocks.’

After finding these amazing printing blocks we had the opportunity to go and reprint them at Leeds Beckett University.

‘Before today I had never heard of the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom – they are still going strong!’

T H E L I D D L E C O L L E C T I O N AT T H E BROTHERTON LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS

r Alis With Professo

on Fell, gettin

g to explore th

e

brar y early Brother ton Li

y morning. on a Saturda

‘Pens are banned from archives! We used pencils to make sure we didn’t mark the objects, and special cushions to support fragile photo-albums.’

We began our session with Alison Fell, Professor of French Cultural History, School of Languages, Cultures and Societies, University of Leeds, and Laura Wilson, Learning & Engagement Officer, who showed us a selection of photo-albums created by women during the First World War.

THE LIDDLE COLLECTION UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS

‘I learnt how to analyse pictures to find their back story, like the life of Mary ‘Fluffy’ Porter.’

‘Some women’s experiences of war were happy. They got more freedom, were able to drive, travel abroad and learn a new profession.’

‘You can physically touch a piece of history. You gain a deeper appreciation as you can see the actual size, feel and smell of an object.’

THE LIDDLE COLLECTION UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS

‘I was amazed by the tenacity of strongwilled women during the First World War: way ahead of their time.’

Finding out ab

out the life of El

sie Gledstanes

through her ph

oto-albums

‘It was moving and melancholy to be handling the photos and analysing someone’s life who will never know I existed, and probably never anticipated her personal scrapbooks to be seen.’

T H E I M P E R I A L WA R M U S E U M , LONDON

Early morning start as we get our train to the Imperial War Museum.

Enjoying our journey to London with this amazing quiz about women and the First World War.

We arrive at the th First stop the Fi

rst World War Ga

lleries.

e Imperial War Mu

seum.

T H E I M P E R I A L WA R M U S E U M , LONDON

Seeing if we ‘mea

sured up’ to bein g so

ldiers!

Engaging with the museum’s interactive displays.

‘I learnt that there were a number of influential women who took part in the war. The war wouldn’t have been able to function without them.’

AT T H E I M P E R I A L WA R M U S E U M P H O T O G R A P H S A R C H I V E — D AY T W O

‘Today made me feel motivated and excited for adventure!’ s Archive, In the Photograph

looking at pic tures

by Florence Farmbo

‘I much preferred the physical archive as it made me feel as if I was travelling back in time and experiencing the same thing as the photographer did.’

rough.

AT T H E I M P E R I A L WA R M U S E U M P H O T O G R A P H S A R C H I V E — D AY T W O

‘I really enjoyed meeting Hilary Roberts, the Research Curator of Photography at the Imperial War Museum, and hearing her speak. She provided so much information and insight.’

‘We had lots of talks about which women we wanted to include in the publication.’ D E S I G N I N G T H E P U B L I C AT I O N

r favour Voting on ou

ite objects fo

r the publicat

ion.

‘I enjoyed the group discussions because we learnt a lot more about everyone’s own opinions about each picture.’

‘We wanted to show the real everyday lives of women during the First World War, and that they had enjoyable but also tough and heart-breaking experiences.’

‘It was hard to choose—I learned that when you’re editing, sometimes you just have to lose your favourite picture.’

MAKING THE TIMELINE

‘Working as a team, we pulled together important facts about the First World War, events in women’s rights and the history of these incredible female photographers. We then turned all the facts into a timeline.’

Looking at the design of the publication and deciding how we want the book to look.

‘We realised we knew more than we thought about the First World War!’

‘It’s amazing that everything has fallen in to place. I feel really proud of what we’ve managed to accomplish.’

A very special thank you to the Heritage Lottery Fund. Without their support, this amazing project could not have happened.

NO MAN’S LAND

Researched, devised and produced by New Focus

Think of the First World War and you’ll probably think of soldiers in the trenches going ‘over the top’ into No Man’s Land. But what about the women of that time—what was their war like? This book, designed specially by young people for young people, will take you on a journey in the company of some amazing women, as seen through their own photographs. You’ll meet ambulance drivers and photographers, nurses and peace campaigners. Many of their photographs are published here for the first time. You’ll encounter some surprises along the way and even some funny moments, as well as sad and painful ones. Explore their stories, and take a fresh look at the First World War, through women’s eyes.

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