Visual Anaesthetics by Chris Lee

V I S U A L A NA E STHETICS

VISUAL |ˈvi zh oōəl|adjective of or relating to seeing or sight : visual perception. / noun (usu. visuals) a picture, piece of film, or display used to illustrate or accompany something.

ANESTHETIC |ˌanəsˈθetik| ( Brit. anaesthetic) noun 1 a substance that induces insensitivity to pain.

[1] VISUAL ANAESTHETICS?

VISUAL + ANESTHETICS = VISUAL AN

AESTHETICS

VISUAL ANAESTHETICS? [1]

VISUAL + ANESTHETICS = VISUAL AN

AESTHETICS.

Using the skills I have

learnt over the last 3 years (studying graphic design new media) in particular I have looked at how I can transform negative medical experiences (of which I have had to deal with intermittently for some time) into positives (even if not directly). The name derives simply from my visual skills in graphic design and using them to provide relief, or a positive, from the negative experiences in a hospital i.e an anesthetic. Thus the reason for ‘an-aesthetic’ rather than ‘an-esthetic’!

DESIGN PROPOSAL: FIRST DRAFT lects your height, pulse rate, fingerprint and iris pattern and uses them to create a ‘unique biometric identity’ expressed as a graphic icon.’ The Wellcome information goes on to explain that ‘Methods of visualising parts of the body like these are increasingly becoming important in proving identity.’ Similarly, I personally believe that methods involving data of emotions and experiences are becoming more important and using an ‘experience generator’ to visualise this data is important it providing another channel of understanding. To do this I will be carrying out research into the experience itself. This involves a personal point of view as well as that of others.

understand certain aspects of these experiences and to broaden what I can use from these I experiences I will take a superficial look at related areas of psychology on a superficial level. In relation to psychology.

Initially I wanted to look at tak-

ing the negative hospital experi-

and

ence

research

and

institutions

and

services

do, provide feedback cards giving experience on a piece of card from

by taking it out of its original

modern medicine still shows little

high to low over a set of specific

context. However, through further

interest in this. This, as well

questions. My generator, through

thought I have altered this so that

and

refining, would allow users to in-

I am using hospital, doctor and

viewpoint

experi-

put data within a set of variables

medical experiences, particularly

ences are not fully appreciated or

relating to ‘hospital experience’

from the patient’s point of view to

understood is what ultimately led

and

influence new media graphic design,

me to choosing this subject area.

that individuals data. This data

positive

personal that

other

you the opportunity to rate your

continues

Alzheimer’s example.

thera-

into

trans-

as for

pies are developing but as a whole

and

such

Parkinson’s

one

forming

environment

diseases

experiences hospital

ideally subsequently feeding back into the experience.

generate

visualisation

would be input by individual paWhat I propose to do is develop

tients but ultimately seen as a

an ‘experience generator’. In the

collection of data visualised to

into

past I have had an interest in map-

give an overall impression of the

the relationship between the body

ping data and looking at repre-

current state of the hospital and/

and the mind and their effects on

senting variables and subject mat-

or section of the hospital.

health and maladies. Some of this

ter in a different way so that it

research has evolved into alterna-

can be viewed from a different per-

On a research visit to the Wellcome

tive therapies such as using mu-

spective, and perhaps understood

Gallery

sic to improve the deterioration

differently.

exhibit ‘Biometrics’ which ‘col-

There

growing

research

Hospitals,

many

tried

the

interactive

DESIGN DISCOURSE: FIRST DRAFT

The fundamental issue that arises

generators intended use is to boost

generator. For example, it might

tals. As stated in my proposal the

ways in which complex data can be

when considering my proposed idea

positivity

be there has to be an equivalent

generator is influenced heavily by

represented.

this

and stabilizing the experience in

auditory

the

the Biometrics installation at the

some medical data and chart analy-

issue there are several points to

a hospital on an emotional level.

feedback along with the visuals to

Wellcome Gallery and the use of

sis. From a psychological stand-

discuss.

For example, if five patients in a

allow blind patients to interact.

feedback cards in hospital wait-

point I am researching different

ing rooms. Some feedback methods

ways in which the right and left-

hospital

ethics.

Within

and

aid

improving

representation

ward input their data, which is Firstly,

also

includes

confidentiality.

then displayed on a screen, how

Communication between patient data

have been digitalized but I have

brain can be used. My generator,

Any tool or interface that rep-

might it influence those who are

from

external

not seen information collected and

as it takes a holistic approach to

resents patient experience and or

content if the overall feedback is

patient relations such as family

utilized in the manner I intend to

data is going to utilize the more

mood as a whole needs to be input

negative?

and friends needs to be consid-

implement.

right-brain approach, something I

even

An obvious standard in an institu-

ered. Should the hospital experi-

provided

tion such as a hospital is not to

ence be externalized for potential

To aid me in effectively producing

may be done anonymously and may or

discriminate against any patients

patients and family and friends of

my message I am looking at Donald

may not be shown as a collective

whether it be age, race, gender,

current patients. This leads back

Normans Emotional Design. In his

representation a disclaimer may be

disability or medical situation.

into my previous point of ensuring

book he discusses how emotions can

necessary.

Although an obvious matter it does

that my generator would not influ-

be affected by the aesthetics of a

present some difficulties with my

ence the hospital in a negative

product and why certain aspects of

I will also need to ensure that

generator. I have to consider how

manner.

design produce the results they do.

the

generator

does

not

and if patients who are disabled

As far as my research and knowledge

I am also looking at the book Data

the

hospital,

both

patients

and

or incapacitated for whatever rea-

has informed me I am unaware of any

Flow and websites including www.

doctors, in a negative manner. The

son are going to interact with my

product like this in use in hospi-

visualcomplexity.com to understand

the

though

patient

This

patient. the

Therefore,

information

influence

the

generator

and

believe is ignored in the medical environment.

[2] RESEARCH STAGE 1

RESEACH STAGE 1

RESEARCH STAGE 1: PRIMARY [2]

WE L L C O M E G A L LERY / MEDICINE NOW:

This exhibition presents a range

of ideas about science and medicine since Henry Wellcome’s death in 1936. It reflects the experiences and interests of scientists, doctors and patients. Within the huge field of medicine this exhibition attempts to focus on only a few topics: the body, genomes, malaria, obesity and living with medical science. Each is explored through a range of exhibits from

science

and

everyday

life,

as well as artistic responses to the issues presented in red ‘art

The above exhibits were most

2/ Buttons corressponding to dif-

cubes’.

notible in initial inspiration

ferent parts of the body light up

for the project:

when pressed. Thinking about how

http://www.wellcomecollection.

digitising the body could be used

org/whats-on/exhibitions/medi-

1/ A play on the traditional

to take the patient away from a

cine-now.aspx

signs seen outside chemists.

negative experience.

Transformed into a light sculpture creating a whole different emotional relationship.

RESEARCH STAGE 1: PRIMARY [2]

BIO M E T R I C S

The Biometrics exhibit takes biomedical

data,

fingerprint,

tattoo in Second-Life.

iris

scan, heart rate, height and age

My initial inspiration from this

and transforms this raw data to

idea came from thinking back to

create

hospital

unique

personal

â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;bio-

identityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. This can then be emailed

feedback

forms

and

how

they were almost entirely ineffec-

and used by the creator as their

tive. Using a similar method of

own personal logo and printed onto

collecting patients emotional data

t-shirts, turned into mobile phone

an overall view of the morale of

wallpaper, or even turned into a

a hospital could be displayed aes-

personal avatar or mapped into a

thetically on a screen.

RESEARCH STAGE 1: PRIMARY [2]

HOSPITAL VISIT

During my explore of the local hos-

collection of quotes is “smile”.

chine. There is clearly room for

pital I came across a complaints

Clearly simply an expression can

machines

and compliments book. Unfortunate-

determine to a large extent the

lar machine eliminates any human

ly I was only able to take pictures

emotional nature of a hospital ex-

interaction.

of a couple of pages. The following

perience.

portunity to implement new media

were the most notible/legible:

technologies Somewhat surprisingly and notibly

“All the staff happy with

walking around the hospital looking

smiles on their faces. Makes one

for inspiration and influence gives

feel at ease.

entirely

different

emotional

response to being in hospital as ****** ***** ****.”

a patient. This is important as an understanding of the nature of

“A SMILE would have been nice.

this project and an understanding

It costs nothing and makes a dif-

the issue I am trying to address

ference!”

can cannot be made be ‘simulating’ the experience. It has to be real.

“I DID get a smile and the lady at the desk was helpful. Thanks!”

Finally,

the

only

other

notable

findings were the hospital map an The key word from just this short

although

prescription

fee

collection

ma-

The in

this map

perhaps

particuan

op-

mapping

the emotion within the map itself.

RESEARCH STAGE 1: SECONDARY [2]

TH E D E AT H O F MR. LAZARESCU

Dante Remus Lăzărescu (Ion Fiscu-

the ambulance finally arrives, the

The film follows Lăzărescu’s jour-

the night, his only advocate is

teanu), a cranky retired engineer,

nurse, Mioara (Luminiţa Gheorghiu)

ney through the night, as he is

the nurse, who stubbornly stays by

lives alone with his three cats in

dispels the idea that Lăzărescu’s

carried from one hospital to the

him and tries to get him hospital-

a Bucharest apartment. In the grip

ulcer surgery over a decade before

next. At the first three hospitals,

ized and treated, while passively

of extreme pain, Lăzărescu calls

is the culprit for this pain. While

the

accepting

for an ambulance, but once it be-

performing a patient history, we

reluctantly

comes clear that no ambulance is

learn

Lăzărescu. Then, although finding

coming, he asks for his neighbors’

choice is a strong, homemade li-

that he is gravely ill and needs

Finally, at the fourth hospital,

help.

medicine

quor called Mastropol. The nurse

emergency surgery, keep refusing

the doctors accept Lăzărescu for

Lăzărescu wants, and not wanting

suspects he has colon cancer, and,

to hospitalize him and send him

an emergency operation to remove

to worsen his condition by giv-

after

informing

away. Meanwhile, his health dete-

a blood clot in his brain, so that

ing him the wrong medication, the

lives

riorates

his incurable liver neoplasm can

neighbors give him some pills for

the condition could be serious and

reduced to babbling and he slowly

kill him, as one of the doctors in

his nausea. In the hallway, talk-

she should visit Lăzărescu in the

loses consciousness. The reasons

the film cynically comments.

ing with his neighbor, we discover

hopital, the nurse decides to get

for neglecting him range from the

that Lăzărescu is a heavy drinker.

him to a hospital. His sister makes

fact that the hospitals are jammed

His neighbor then helps Lăzărescu

arrangements to come the follow-

with injured passengers from a bus

back to his apartment and lays him

ing day; his wife had died eight

accident to the doctors being only

down on his bed. After Lăzărescu

years earlier, and his only child,

humans who are tired, bored, or

vomits blood strings, the neighbors

a daughter, lives in Toronto.

simply do not feel like taking care

Not

having

the

decide to call an ambulance. When

that

Lăzărescu’s

his

different

drink

sister city

who that

doctors,

after accept

rapidly,

much to

his

delay, examine

speech

of a smelly old drunkard. During

verbal

abuse

from

the

doctors who look down on her.

RESEARCH STAGE 1: SECONDARY [2]

WHY DO PEOPLE GET ILL?

A book by Darian Leader and David

mind affect the body? Why does mod-

“Early

Cornfield.

ern medicine have little interest

that somatizing patients responded

in the unconscious processes that

less well than those who seemed

can make us fall ill? And what – if

able

anything – can we do about it?

tions.”

Back description reads: A stomachache before a job interview or nausea before going on a

Why

date are common enough – but how

explores the relationship between

people

get

ill?

Lucidly

else can the mind affect the body?

what’s going on in our heads and what happens in our bodies, com-

Can conditions like heart disease,

bining cutting-edge research with

cancer, asthma or arthritis be ex-

neglected

acerbated or even caused by our

history.

thoughts and feelings?

studies and startling new insights

findings With

from

medical

remarkable

case

into why we fall ill, this intriguWhy do people get ill?

ing

and

thought-provoking

book

should be read by anyone who cares Inner cover decription reads:

about their own health and that of other people.

Have you ever wondered why people get ill when they do? How does the

Exerts from the book:

studies

therapy

articulate

their

found

emo-

RESEARCH STAGE 1: SECONDARY [2]

HO S P I TA L F E E D B ACK FORM

Rating Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree Use the key notes provided above to answer the assessment statements below. Objectivity is highly recommended to avoid failure in future. * The Nurses and Doctors are patient when dealing with patients ———————— * Professionalism in the hospital is of high standards ——————————– * Drugs offered do not have side effects ————————————————— * The patients are attended to promptly——————————* There is a high level of understanding between the staff and the patients ————* I have not heard any major complaints about the hospital —————————— * The hospital has dealt with conflicts that arose between staff and the patients ——– * Time management is a priority to the hospital staff and management —————– We wish you a quick recovery*

* A S IF. These

forms

are

useless,

point-

less, rubbish, unhelpful, poorly written....

RESEARCH STAGE 1: SECONDARY [2]

M I CHAEL GONDRY, BJORK & A PAINT PIANO http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=h2H5w8MsPps

this

chael

experiment

Gondry

director

inspired

Mi-

wait until it had stopped spinning

to see the effect. This was the

technique often used by children

hooked up to Bjorks piano so that

at school in art class popular in

when keys were played the paint

the 1970’s called ‘spin art’. This

would be squeezed onto the wheel

process involves paint being ap-

creating a visual effect for the

plied to a spinning disc to create

music.

a spattered effect. Gondry’s idea was to rig a camera up to to the disc so that it moved at the same speed and one would not have to

RESEARCH STAGE 1: SECONDARY [2]

TEC H N O L O G Y F ROM FORMULA ONE By using the same technology that

will tell them, for instance, the

heart rate, or weight, or blood

The first trials of the new tech-

* Why not instead of not only free-

helped Jenson Button to win the

heart rate of the driver and the

levels — or whatever is being re-

nology will start next month and

ing up hospital beds but allowing

Australian Grand Prix in Melbourne

fuel level in the car.

corded — go above or below a cer-

are to be carried out by Seahorse

patients to feel less stressed by

tain level, it can alert the doctor

Scientific

recovering at home in a more com-

with an e-mail or text message.

tory data company. “Applying this

on Sunday, the NHS is on the verge of a breakthrough that could revo-

McLaren have been working in part-

lutionise healthcare and cut mil-

nership with UK Sport since last

lions off the health budget.

year

see

how

live

telemetry

The

most

for

advancements

NHS Surrey spends £40-100 million

Britain’s

are twofold. First, it will al-

a year on its 6,000 most expensive

sailors and rowers.

canoeists,

the

labora-

technology to everyday healthcare

could improve the results of Great cyclists,

Services,

obvious

possibilities in

healthcare

is very exciting and very innovative,” Raj Ahmed, the chief operating officer of Seahorse, said.

low doctors to keep better care

patients. By employing the tech-

of their patients. Second, it will

“We’re starting to make good prog-

McLaren

That idea has been taken farther

allow hospitals to free up beds*

ress in Surrey,” Stephen Rose, the

factory near Woking for Button’s

to apply it to everyday health-

because, rather than feel the need

solutions architect in McLaren Ap-

car, its conservative estimate is

care issues. If we can track the

to keep patients in for observa-

plied

that it will save £10-20 million.

heart rate of an elite athlete, why

tion, they will be able to observe

you’ve got a proven model in how

McLaren

those patients remotely.

it works and Surrey can say, ‘We’ve

nology

pioneered

hope

that,

the

con-

not also track the heart rate of

quered Surrey, the scheme can go

having

a patient recovering from a heart

nationwide.

attack? for

instance,

patient

said.

“Once

saved this much money because we NHS Surrey hopes to be using the

kept this many people from having

new technology by the end of the

to go to hospital,’ then we have

When Button turned on his engine

If,

year. Maitland Hyslop, the direc-

good headlines and a good start.

in Melbourne, his attempt to re-

released from hospital having suf-

tor of market management and de-

There is a lot of interest from

tain the World Championship title

fered a heart problem, the McLaren

velopment at NHS Surrey, said: “If

pharmas. Because no one has done

was relying on feedback during the

technology

wireless

we can use the sensors in this way,

this before, there are a lot of

race from 300 data streams that

sensors the size of sticking plas-

we can anticipate a lot of our pa-

questions asking, ‘Is this going

told his team how well he and his

ters that will send, via the in-

tients’ requirements and give them

to work?’ ”

car were performing. McLaren have

ternet to the doctor or clinician

better and more individual care.

adapted this system of live feed-

responsible, a continuous record

We would have a better way of look-

The best answer to that lies within

back from their cars to the man on

of the patient’s heart rate and

ing after people and save a lot of

their success in Formula One. If

the street.

electrocardiogram, the graph that

money. It’s a win-win situation.”

they

can

Technologies,

employ

monitors the heartbeat. The science is called live telemetry.

McLaren

receive

their

300

can

working Most

McLaren’s

work

con-

keep

300

data

simultaneously,

streams why

not

one or two for patients requiring

And rather than have the doctor

ducted in extreme secrecy, but its

the attention of their carers?

data streams via miniaturised sen-

permanently

numerous

Applied Technologies arm is ready

http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/

sors on the car and the driver. At

data streams, the software can be

to take this project to the outside

sport/formula_1/article7083337.

the most basic level, this data

set up so that when any patient’s

world.

ece

monitoring

fortable environment.

RESEARCH STAGE 1: SECONDARY [2]

RATINGS & RANKINGS IN HOSPITALS

noth-

ing unusual here. NHS hospital rankings: your expe-

dignity.

http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/

riences

blog/2008/may/14/nhshospitalrankThe full results of how each trust

A huge difference in the perfor-

faired, based on a survey of 76,000

mance of NHS trusts across England

patients at 165 NHS trusts, are on

was revealed today in the health

the Health Commission’s website.

inspectorate’s

annual

survey

patients’ experiences.

key

document

the

site

Trust-by-trust Comparative Scores In the highest-scoring hospitals,

for

more than three-quarters of inpa-

*although

tients said the standard of care

reveals how each trust scored on

was excellent, compared with fewer

dozens of criteria. The full de-

than

tails are revealed by clicking on

one-quarter

the

worst-

ranking hospitals.

Each

Question

Spreadsheet

somewhat

cumbersome,

the “data” tag at the bottom of the spreadsheet.

Hospitals

varied

widely

pa-

tients reports of the quality of

How

meals, cleanliness, responsiveness

concur

to call buttons and the extent to

NHS treatment?

which patients were treated with

the with

commission’s your

findings

experiences

ingsyourexp1

RESEARCH STAGE 1: SECONDARY [2]

IPH O N E A P P : R 1 33

R133 is a new iPhone app by Tcheu-

thinking that you are controlling

allowing us to question our natural

During

pel Garanger, the creator of Cs133

the graphic behavior with breath-

behavior. I didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t feel there was

procrastinating I came across this

we mentioned few weeks ago. As de-

ing.

any need nor point embeding a movie

iPhone app. Interesting idea and

scribed in the AppStore, it is a

created, one that if you maintain

of the app because the only way you

having

graphical

the

you normal breathing pattern seems

can understand the connection is

through

breathing cycle. What may seem a

indestructible. If you have ever

it to record your own breathing.

more inspiration to be found in

simple app at first, turns out to

had your blood pressure taken in

What is embedded are the beautiful

terms of the use of the apps and

be quite an accomplishment, most

a hospital or where the machine

screens of the interface Tcheupel

their design.

probably no other app on the iPhone

produces sound of your heart beat

has created.

has achieved.

(or electrocardiography), you will

representation

know

the

instant

feeling

connection

some

time

spent

new

apps

demonstrates

spent

long

searching

thereâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s

how

heavily

new

lot

media

talking

Astounding, awesome and breathtak-

technologies are implemented in a

By recording and visually simulat-

about. R133 provokes same quandary

ing (for sure) are the three words

medical sense effectively on some-

ing breathing, I have found that

of behavior where one wonders if

to describe it. A must!

thing as ubiquitous as an iphone

a user creates an incredible re-

the machine is an extension of the

lationship between the device and

body.

natural behaviour. Similarly the way

you

think

about

touch

yet

still

hospitals

are

either

See also the site dedicated to the

unwilling, anxious or not funded

app:

enough to make use of technology

www.r133.com and Cs133

con-

Tcheupel is very modest when he de-

trols, when objects react to your

scribes the app as graphical rep-

http://www.creativeapplications.

such as this IN the hospitals them-

fingers moving across the screen,

resentation of the human breathing

net/iphone/r133-iphone/

the perception in R133 is quickly

with a hold buttons recording sys-

changed from a simple recorder to

tem. R133 goes way beyond this by

selves.

RESEARCH STAGE 1: SECONDARY [2]

IPHONE APP: ISTEHOSCOPE

iStethoscope Pro turns your iPhone into a stethoscope, allowing you to listen to your heatbeat and see your heart waveform, or listen to other quiet sounds around you.

THE SAME APPLIES HERE AS MY OPINION ON THE PREVIOUS PAGE (APP) COPY&PASTE; It

demonstrates

how

new

media

technologies are implemented in a medical sense effectively on something as ubiquitous as an iphone yet

still

hospitals

are

either

unwilling, anxious or not funded enough to make use of technology such as this IN the hospitals themselves.

RESEARCH STAGE 1: SECONDARY [2]

JO H N D I A M O N D - JOURNALIST

John Diamond in his own words

out television. As he said, his job was to “parade himself”.

When John Diamond, the broadcaster and journalist who has just died,

In 1997, the BBC’s Inside Story

first

the

followed him through the months of

tongue, he decided he had no other

operations, radiotherapy and wait-

option but to write about it.

ing. The programme was a poignant

developed

cancer

insight into the way he dealt with At

first,

John

Diamond

wondered

his illness.

whether it would be appropriate to write about his cancer in what he

At first, he had been told his tu-

called his “jaunty weekend column”

mour was bound to be non-malig-

in The Times.

nant. But then at 7.45pm one night, in the middle of EastEnders, his

“But,” he concluded, “it was the

partner Nigella Lawson received a

only thing I could write about.”

phone call. The lump in his neck was in fact cancerous.

And so began a remarkable series of articles on his experiences with

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/

cancer. And, since he was also a

uk/1198541.stm

broadcaster,

could

not

leave

RESEARCH STAGE 1: SECONDARY [2]

MIO MATSUMOTO - MY DIARY

February

2002,

Mio

Matsumoto,

a Japanese student at the Royal College

Art

London,

finds

what she thinks is an ulcer on her tongue. In July she decides that she ought to have it looked at. When her dentist recommends a biopsy,

Mio,

scared,

decides

return to Japan. There she is diagnosed with cancer. “My Diary” is Mio Matsumoto’s brilliantly drawn diary of the five months she spends in

treatment.

about

and

she

illustrates

writes -

her

fears, her feelings, her darkest moments,

well

brilliantly

observed and often painfully funny scenes from hospital life - the boredom, the food, the enemas, the other patients, the doctor she has a crush on...This is a marvellous

book - funny, frightening, unsentimental and utterly real.

A WORD ON HOSPITAL ETHICS [3]

A W ORD ON HOSPITAL ETHICS [3]

A WORD ON HOSPITAL ETHICS [3]

HOSPITAL ETHICS

All of medical ethics can be dis-

If the system allowed for the feed-

Ensuring the system does not dis-

Ensuring resulting aesthetic in-

tilled into the words, Treat the

back to be communicated to family

criminate

formation does not affect patient/

patient at all times as you would

and

tients whether it be age, race,

wish others to treat you if you

hospital what issues would arise?

were the patient.

friends

externally

from

the

gender,

against disability

situation.

THINGS TO CONSIDER.

different or

pa-

medical

doctors in a negative manner.

Confidential patient data. (Striking the right balance between providing useful information to all whilst not intruding on personal information.)

FOCUSED RESEARCH AREA: EMOTIONS [4]

F O C U S E D RESEARCH AREA: EMOTIONS [4]

FOCUSED RESEARCH AREA: EMOTIONS [4]

EMOTIONAL CAR TOGRAPHY

Emotional

col-

the sweat level of the wearers’ fin-

vice appears to offer the colossal

artists,

gers. The assumption is that these

possibility of being able to re-

designers, psychogeographers,

changes are an indication of ‘emo-

cord

cultural

futurolo-

tional’ intensity. The GPS part of

anywhere in the world, in the form

gists and neuroscientists, brought

the device also allows us to record

of an ‘Emotional Map’.

together by Christian Nold, to

the geographical location of the

explore the political, social and

wearer anywhere in the world and

cultural implications of visualis-

pinpoint where that person is when

ing intimate biometric data and

these ‘emotional’ changes occur.

emotional experiences using tech-

This data can then be visualised

nology.

in geographical mapping software

lection

Cartography

essays

from

researchers,

person’s

emotional

state

http://emotionalcartography.net/

such as Google Earth. To practically explore this sub-

The result is that the wearer’s

ject, I invented and built the

journey becomes viewable as a vi-

Bio

Mapping

device,

which

sual track on a map, whose height

portable and wearable tool record-

indicates the level of physiologi-

ing data from two technologies: a

cal

simple biometric sensor measuring

moment. The Bio Mapping tool is

Galvanic Skin Response and a Glob-

therefore a unique device linking

al Positioning System (GPS). The

together the personal and intimate

bio-sensor, which is based on a

with the outer space of satellites

lie-detector, measures changes in

orbiting around the Earth. The de-

arousal

that

particular

ALL RELATES TO THE HOSPITAL MAP MENTIONED [2].

THE

HOSPITAL

VISIT

FOCUSED RESEARCH AREA: EMOTIONS [4]

PL U T C H N I K â&#x20AC;&#x2122; S W HEEL OF EMOTIONS

Robert Plutchik created a wheel of

In terms of relating these to a

emotions in 1980 which consisted

hospital environment I selected

of 8 basic emotions and 8 advanced

the following variables:

emotions each composed of 2 basic ones.

Happiness/Sadness, Trust/Remorse, Fear/Anxiety, Optimism/Pessimism and Boredom/Enthusiasm. These opposites appear most important emotions that need to be altered in a hospital patients mood to improve morale.

FOCUSED RESEARCH AREA: EMOTIONS [4]

MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a

can yield only a cripple psychol-

theory in psychology, proposed by

ogy and a cripple philosophy.”[3]

Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper

Maslow also studied the healthiest

1% of the college student popula-

Theory

Human

Motivation.

[2] Maslow subsequently extended

tion.[citation needed]

the idea to include his observations of humans’ innate curiosity.

Maslow’s

His theories parallel many other

pressed in his 1954 book Motiva-

theories

tion and Personality.

human

Developmental

theory

was

fully

ex-

psychology, all of which focus on describing the stages of growth in

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

humans.

Maslow%27s_hierarchy_of_needs

Maslow

studied

what

called

IMPORTANT TO NOTE HEAR THAT WHEN

Albert

RELATED TO MASLOW’S HIERARCHY THE

Eleanor

NEEDS THAT A HOSPITAL IS FUNDA-

Roosevelt, and Frederick Douglass

MENTLY FOR ARE LOW DOWN, HOWEVER,

rather than mentally ill or neu-

OTHER NEEDS WHICH ARE STILL AN IS-

rotic

people,

SUE ARE FOUND NEAR AT THE LOWEST

study

exemplary

people

Einstein,

Jane

mature,

such

Addams,

writing

crippled, and

that

stunted,

unhealthy

“the im-

specimens

LEVELS SUCH AS MORALITY.

FOCUSED RESEARCH AREA: EMOTIONS [4]

EM O T I O N A L O U TLETS / VOICING YOUR EMOTIONS

# First of all, know that crying

one you trust. If you feel comfort-

Muster the courage to feel what

is not a sign of weakness. Let out

able talking to them and if they

Allow time to grieve. If sadness is

actually

your

emotions

can listen to you, understand your

due to the death of someone close

courage of an open heart.

lead to more emotional breakdowns

pain, then they are the right per-

to you, then it may take a bit

son for you to turn to.

longer for the sadness to pass.

cleanses the eyes, but washes the

It is healthy to feel sad at the

If your sadness is related to a

pain away. (Note: This is a meta-

loss of a loved one so understand

family member passing away, do not

phor.

Try to get to the source of the

this and take one day at a time.

forget them, but keep memories of

sadness. Is it due to a person in

Crying is perfectly normal at a

them [pictures, home videos, fa-

particular? If so, avoid that per-

time like this. Talking about it

vorite songs, etc.].

son. If one person is the source

and expressing your feelings will

for your depression, then it’s not

also help.

http://www.wikihow.com/Express-

worth talking to him or her.

Your-Emotional-Pain-the-Healthy-

feeling down in the dumps, write

Use

you’re feeling better you can look

Work through the reasons that pro-

pain. It can be a poem, a song,

back at the entry and think, “How

voke your crying. If you are jeal-

short story, or a painting that

did this pain make me stronger?”.

ous of someone, try to figure out

describes what you’re feeling and

if this reaction is really worth

going through.

feeling sad about.

Find someone to talk to. Find some-

tears!

the

Bottled

future.

Crying

does

not

only

literally

wash away pain.) # 2 Keep

diary.

journal

Each

entry

time

about

you’re

it.

When

Way art

free

some

your

exists

inside

you;

the

FOCUSED RESEARCH AREA: EMOTIONS [4]

SOUNDS VOCALISING

STRESS

RELIEF

SHOUTING EMOTIONAL OUTLETS >>

PUNCHING: VIOLENCE ESCAPE FROM ENVIRONMENT: DISTRACTION

VISUAL ANAESTHETICS >>

VOICE >>

SOUNDPROOF BOXES: SECURITY/ISOLATION/ESCAPE SPACES >>

VIEWS:

OPEN

CLAUSTROPHOBIA

FIELD/RELIEF

FROM

FOCUSED RESEARCH AREA: EMOTIONS [4]

CO L O U R T H E R A PY

FOCUSED RESEARCH AREA: EMOTIONS [4]

RED

ORANGE

PINK

GREEN

BLUE

Strength and Vitality

Happiness and creativity

Feminine

Calming

Peace, tranquility and reflection

Energiser and Stimulant

Enhances mental clarity

Love, clarity and calm

Refreshing

A sensation of space

Warms the heart and Confidence

Yellow often lose temper

Soothing emotional upheavals

Productiveness

Stimulates the appetite

Loyality

Most emotionally intense

Cold and depressing

Not good for confrontations

“THE ENTIRE COLOUR SPECTRUM IS RECOGNISED AS INFLUENCING HEALTH AND WELLBEING, WITH EACH TONE POSSESSING SPECIAL QUALITIES.”

FOCUSED RESEARCH AREA: ENVIRONMENTS [5]

F O C U S E D RESEARCH AREA: ENVIRONMENTS [5]

FOCUSED RESEARCH AREA: ENVIRONMENTS [5[

W H Y D O HOSPITALS CREATE NEGATIVE EMOTIONS?

hygienically and with respect. So,

Back in the Middle Ages people were

for

example,

hospitals

India

terrified to go into hospital. They

are

offering

attractive

package

knew it was a sentence of death.

deals

for

British

patients

who

Relatives

started

digging

your

canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t wait two years for treat-

grave as you went through the doors

ment or who donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t fancy the idea

of the local infirmiary.

of being killed by an antibiotic resistant hospital infection.

Things

are

getting

that

way

Britain today. http://www.vernoncoleman.com/ britishhospitals.htm

British

hospitals

are

now

among

the worst in the world. A recent survey of NHS staff showed that only 44% thought that they would be happy with the standard of care provided if they were patients in their own hospital. Many British patients are now travelling half way round the world to get treatment in hospitals where patients are treated quickly, efficiently,

FOCUSED RESEARCH AREA: ENVIRONMENTS [5]

FO R M U L A S F O R EMOTIONS + HOSPITALS

SMELL + HEARING + SIGHT + TOUCH + TASTE DISGUST + ANXIOUS + FEAR + STRESS + ANGER

= THE HOSPITAL EXPERIENCE

DOCTORS / PATIENTS = STRESS

STRESS + PALE GREEN = HOSPTIAL

ANXIETY + NEEDLES = STRESS

FOCUSED RESEARCH AREA: ENVIRONMENTS [5]

DISINFECTANT + PISS + SHIT + OLD PEOPLE + THE BLOKE IN THE NEXT BED WHEEZING + NURSES PROBING = PURE DISCOMFORT / QUEEZE

IT’S INTERESTING THAT WE DO NOT SHARE

THE

SAME

DISTAIN

FOR

INFANT, OR AN OLD PERSON, PISSING

AND

SHITTING

THEMSELVES

AS WE DO WHEN IT COMES TO OURSELVES LYING IN A HOSPITAL BED.

FOCUSED RESEARCH AREA: AESTHETICS [6]

F O C U S E D RESEARCH AREA: AESTHETICS [6]

FOCUSED RESEARCH AREA: AESTHETICS [6]

DATA VISUALISATION

When

considering

comes

for

different

Visual

out-

Anaesthetics

I may have to visualise data. I have already looked earlier at the Biometrics

interactive

piece

the Wellcome exhibition but more complex

visualisations

such

these may be necessary to inspire further methods of displaying hospital morale feedback.

FOCUSED RESEARCH AREA: AESTHETICS [6]

DN A A R T

it into a digital file (assuming it isn’t already in digital format). Detailed instructions on how to manipulate and add color to the image are beyond the scope of this post, but the following are examples of a karyotype that has been colorized using

Adobe

Photoshop

Elements.

Options for adding color include changing the gradient, adjusting the color using color variation, and using a filter (in this case, glowing edges). The resulting images can then be uploaded to a site like Kodak Gallery, printed, and framed. DNA stands for “deoxyribonucleic

Put simply, here’s how it works.

acid,” the substance encoding the

DNA 11 sends you a kit with in-

genetic

living

structions for swabbing the inside

For those interested in creating

identify chromosomal abnormalities

instructions

organisms.

amniocentesis

They make great gifts.

their own visualizations of DNA,

such as Down Syndrome in the de-

http://www.healthline.com/blogs/

DNA in these cells is then cleaved

alternatives are available. Edward

veloping fetus. A normal karyotype

medical_devices/2007/04/creating-

surprising that artists have in-

at different parts using “restric-

Weiss at the Center of Applied Ge-

is displayed on the right.

dna-art.html

corporated

work.

tion enzymes.” Each person has a

nomics in Toronto will run a gel

One company, DNA 11, even offers

different sequence of DNA and will

electrophoresis on DNA samples for

If an amniocentesis has been per-

prints (suitable for framing) of

therefore have fragments of DNA of

minimal cost and mail back a high

formed, the image of the karyotype

individualized

“DNA

portraits.”

unique

resolution

Detailed

should be available from the per-

I’ll

review

the

are placed on a gel, an electrical

instructions and a description of

forming hospital’s Department of

and

current is applied, and the frag-

the process can be found in the

Obstetrics & Gynecology or Divi-

describe methods for creating do-

ments migrate to different parts

guide, “DNA Art on the Cheap.”

sion of Medical Genetics. Proce-

it-yourself DNA artworks.

of the gel. An animation of this

into

post, offered

the

part

of your cheek for skin cells. The

products

basic

DNA

but commonly, they are performed

code of life, it is perhaps not

this

for

blog “easternblot.”)

their

DNA

lengths.

These

fragments

image

file.

dures for requesting records vary,

process, called “gel electropho-

A third method uses an image of DNA

If you Google “DNA Art,” the first

resis,” is here. The gel is then

that is often already available:

This may be an unusual request for

site on the list is DNA 11. They

photographed,

enhanced

a karyotype. This is a photograph

them, so it goes without saying:

offer high quality prints of ab-

and colorized, and printed on a

of the (usually) 23 pairs of human

ask nicely.

stract

DNA

high

result

chromosomes displayed in a stan-

and

is beautiful, but expensive. (For

dard, numbered format. Karyotypes

After the karyotype has been re-

more discussion of DNA 11, see the

are

ceived, the next step is to scan

representations

customized

sizes.

color

schemes

quality

digitally canvas.

The

performed

for

many

reasons,

check

with

your

institution.

FOCUSED RESEARCH AREA: AESTHETICS [6]

MI C H A E L C R A I G-MAR TIN|KIDS

Michael Craig-Martin in conversa-

windows

tion with Michael Stanley

facing into the atrium. The great

the

children’s

wards

height of the wall opposite has This

giant

painting,

which

was

made it possible to create an im-

completed at the end of April 2010,

age

is sited in the busy entrance to

coloured

the West Wing and Children’s Hos-

and giant letters spelling KIDS.

pital and will be seen by tens of

I hope it will create a sense of

thousands

visitors

pleasure and wonderment and act as

and staff each year. Due to the

a stimulus to the imagination of

fact

all,

that

of the

patients,

children’s

cancer

immense

but

scale,

interplay

particularly

highly objects

for

those

ward looks on to the atrium, it

children confined to the wards, the

will also transform the lives of

only place where it will be possi-

children who often spend weeks re-

ble to see the painting properly,

stricted to isolation rooms while

at eye level and head-on.’

receiving treatment. http://www.oxfordradcliffe.nhs. Michael Craig-Martin said:

uk/getinvolved/charitablefunds/ craig-martin.aspx

‘My

principle

aim

has

been

transform the bleak view from the

MIND MAP [7]

MIND MAP

MIND MAP [7]

FEEDBACK FROM PATIENTS JUXTAPOSED VARIABLES INCLUDING EMOTION

OBJECTIVE

EXPERIENCE GENERATOR

VISUALISATION

PATIENT

DOCTOR

HOSPITAL

+POSITIVE

VISUAL ANAESTHETICS

-NEGATIVE

INFLUENCE

BIOMETRICS

HOSPITAL FEEDBACK CARDS

LACK OF HOLISTIC VIEW IN HOSPITALS

ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES E.G. HUMOUR / DEATH OF MR. LAZARESCU

EXPERIENCES: INSIDE / OUTSIDE

SUBJECTIVE

THOUGHT PROCESSING: INITIAL IDEAS [8]

T H O U G HT PROCESSING: INITIAL IDEAS [8]

THOUGHT PROCESSING: INITIAL IDEAS [8]

_1 Microphone > Speaker > “Dummy”

attached to a speak with the sound

Syringe > Visualization/Aesthetics

of a pulse or sewing machine go-

Inputs

= VISUAL ANAESTHETICS

ing though to create illustrations

variables > Visualization/Aesthet-

using

ics = VISUAL ANAESTHETICS

ink

which

the

needle

was

Having sparked memories of former

dipped in. This process will then

projects and how I can incorporate

be filmed, possibly through a tv to

them into this outcome. I have come

create a repeating pattern (simi-

to this.

lar to when mirrors are opposite each other) to create a further

piece

work

‘mapped’ a piece of music by visually representing all the different instruments. To map the bass a pen was attached to a bass heavy speaker which the music was then played through while paper was fed against the pen similar to how a seismograph would work. To relate this to this project I am thinking of using a needle/syringe

sense of rhythm.

Feedback from

Interface array

Patient

emotional

THOUGHT PROCESSING: INITIAL IDEAS [8]

_3 Staged Photography of doctors

_4 Heart monitor > Cardiograph >

and patients exaggerating a happy

Patientâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s

scene (e.g. surgery + thumbs up

graph visualization = VISUAL AN-

and smiles)

AESTHETICS

own

DIFFERENT

cardio-

THOUGHT PROCESSING: INITIAL IDEAS [8]

_5 Hospital Welcome Pack > Emotion Postcards

selected

depending

patients current emotion = VISUAL ANAESTHETICS

DEVE LOPMENTAL RESEARCH [9]

D E VELOPMENTAL RESEARCH [9]

DEVELOPMENTAL RESEARCH [9]

PATTERN CUTTING & SEWING MACHINES

shape of internal organs an record-

sutures/knots > internal sutures

In working on this project Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve

ing the sound of the sewing machine

> internal organs > brain > elec-

decided to take an unusual route

as some sort of pulse. In turn this

tronic impulses > electronic im-

relating pattern cutting (of which

could be visualized as the pulse of

pulses in heart + brain >> nervous

I have very little knowledge) to

the sewing machine._ok.

system

the lines marked on patients before receiving cosmetic surgery.

T H I S

E M O T I O N S

A R T

O U S

S Y S T E M

B R A I N

O F

S E W I N G

)

A N D

( H E N E R V S O U N

M A C H I N E

E L E C T R O N I C S

M P U L S E S

I N

P A T T E R N

C U T T I N G

S U R G I C A L E S

( I

B O D Y )

ting in its most direct sense itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s

got my brain ticking a little (at

(

last). Here are some further ini-

P R O C E D U R

[ S U T U R E S

Having thought about pattern cut-

tial developmental thoughts:

E T C . ] ) _pattern cutting = sewing machine

yes it makes sense in my head.

> sound of machine + stitching

Relating to the thought of sew-

_relating to the area of medicine

ing machines perhaps creating some

with

pattern cutting directions for the

stitching

cosmetic and

surgery types

other medical

DEVELOPMENTAL RESEARCH [9]

TRY PA N O P H O B I A

Trypanophobia is the extreme and irrational cedures

fear

involving

medical

Vasovagal

pro-

ated with this type of trypano-

ing during needle procedures re-

phobia also include feeling faint,

Although most specific phobias stem

port no conscious fear of the nee-

sweating, nausea, pallor, tinni-

occa-

from the individuals themselves,

dle procedure itself, but a great

tus, panic attacks, and initially

sionally referred to as aichmopho-

the most common type of trypano-

fear

syncope

high blood pressure and heart rate

bia, belonephobia, or enetophobia,

phobia, affecting 50% of trypano-

reaction. A study in the medical

followed by a plunge in both at the

names that are technically incor-

phobes, is an inherited vasovagal

journal Circulation concluded that

moment of injection.

rect

reflex reaction. Approximately 80%

in many patients with this con-

a “fear of pins/needles” and do

dition (as well as patients with

Although most phobias are danger-

not refer to the medical aspect of

relative

degree

the broader range of blood/injury

ous to some degree, trypanophobia

trypanophobia. Trypanophobia is a

exhibits the same disorder.

phobias),

is one of the few that actually

vasovagal syncope during a needle

kills. In cases of severe trypano-

hypodermic

needles.

because

they

injections

Many people who suffer from faint-

simply

denote

trypanophobes within

report the

that

first

term that is rarely used among med-

the

vasovagal

initial

episode

ical professionals. In the United

People who suffer from vasovagal

procedure may be the primary cause

phobia, the drop in blood pres-

States National Library of Medi-

trypanophobia

of needle phobia rather than any

sure caused by the vasovagal shock

cine database of medical journal

thought, or feeling of needles or

basic

reflex

articles, the term “trypanophobia”

needle-like objects. The primary

findings reverse the more commonly-

Hamilton’s 1995 review article on

cannot be found, although the da-

symptom of vasovagal trypanophobia

held beliefs about the cause and

needle phobia, he was able to docu-

tabase

journal

is vasovagal syncope, or fainting

effect pattern of needle phobics

ment 23 deaths as a direct result

articles referencing needle pho-

due to a decrease of blood pres-

with vasovagal syncope.

of vasovagal shock during a needle

bia.[1]

sure.

contains

several

The name that is in com-

mon usage is simply needle phobia.

fear

the

sight,

fear

needles.[3]

These

may

cause

procedure.[2] The physiological changes associ-

death.

Dr.

DEVELOPMENTAL RESEARCH [9]

MAYPOLES & MOBILES

Further unusual influence is found with these two. In thinking back to Gondryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s experimental music video I

become

inspired

research

other spinning objects. Instantly coming to mind were maypoles with all

their

can

influence

colours

(every

health

and

colour wellbe-

ing). This then led me further to think about the motion of mobiles for babies and the theraputic effect they can have on babies calming them and sending them to sleep.

DEVELOPMENTAL RESEARCH [9]

WH I T E C O AT H Y PER TENSION/SYNDROME

White coat hypertension, more com-

specificity involved in diagnosis

monly known as white coat syndrome,

of white coat hypertension, many

is a phenomenon in which patients

problems have been incurred in its

exhibit elevated blood pressure in

diagnosis and treatment.

a clinical setting but not in other settings.[1] It is believed that

The

this is due to the anxiety some

can be used to describe the con-

term

“masked

hypertension”

people experience during a clinic

trasting phenomenon, where blood

visit.

pressure is elevated during daily living, but not in an office set-

As the notion of “normal” is subjective and changes from individual to individual a reference measurement was necessary. As night-time and self measured values are often not subject to daily stress and clinical values are subject to unusual anxiety, daytime ambulatory blood pressure is used as a reference as it takes into account daily stress but not in excess. Due to

ting.[2]

DEVELOPMENTAL RESEARCH [9]

SUPERFLEX

Burning Car is a film work by Superflex in which a car is being set on fire. The empty car starts to burn, the cabin is filled with smoke and fire, car-paint is bobbling, tires explodes. Towards the end the car is burned out completely. Flooded McDonald’s is a film work by Superflex in which a convincing life-size replica of the interior of a McDonald’s burger bar, without any customers or staff present, gradually floods with water. Furniture is lifted up by the water, trays of food and drinks start to

float

around,

electrics

short

circuit and eventually the space becomes completely submerged. http://www.superflex.dk/

USUAL TAKES ON FAMILIAR ENVIRONMENTS

DEVELOPMENTAL RESEARCH [9]

AD I H O E S L E R : R ETROGRADER

The Appearance of cerebration is

was

tions, consciousness) in the form

started in 2002 in the autumn and

of a wallpaper pattern (wallpaper)

its action in a marginal area be-

- Three-dimensional representation

tween neurophysiology and psychol-

of a sculpture

artistic

research,

which

ogy (in the broadest sense of brain research) and aesthetic existence spreads. Aesthetically and artistically motivated is to analyze and discuss methods of measurement of the activities of the human brain. „Wo befindet sich das Werk?“ “Where is the work?” The data and the processes

are

then

directly

trans-

formed into the art world. The brain activity are thus elevated to a work of art. -

Two-dimensional

representation

EEG

activity

(thoughts,

emo-

PROPOSAL UPDATE [10]

PROPOSAL UPDATE: [10]

PROPOSAL UPDATE[10]

Initially I wanted to look at tak-

experience into a positive one. In

ing the negative hospital experi-

order to achieve this I will be

ence

looking at taking hospital equip-

and

forming

environment it

into

and

trans-

positive

one

ment

and

procedures

associated

by taking it out of its original

with particularly negative feel-

context. However, through further

ings

thought I have altered this so that

(which many a patient have a fear

I am using hospital, doctor and

of). I intend to use psychological

medical experiences, particularly

research to transform the negative

from the patientâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s point of view to

associations

into

influence new media graphic design,

particularly

through

ideally subsequently feeding back

colour.

emotions

including

needles

positive the

ones

use

into the experience. Hopefully, There

growing

this

process

these uncomfortable procedures can

the relationship between the body

be viewed in a lighter manner. This

and the mind and their effects on

does not mean hiding the objects

health and maladies. Some of this

from what they are but making them

research has evolved into alterna-

appear less intimidating. I will

tive therapies such as using mu-

be looking at processes in every-

sic to improve the deterioration

day life which are known to give

a calming effect and introducing

diseases

such

Parkinsonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s

research

through

into

and

them into the medical environment.

thera-

To my knowledge the hospital ex-

pies are developing but as a whole

perience is something that cannot

modern medicine still shows little

be simulated and has to be expe-

interest in this. This, as well

rienced in reality to fully under-

stand its impact on the patient.

research

continues

personal

viewpoint

for

Alzheimerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s

that

example. other

experiences hospital

and

experi-

Personally,

feel

understand

ences are not fully appreciated or

this having had to deal with many a

understood is what ultimately led

uncomfortable situation in hospi-

me to choosing this subject area.

tal environments. However, I will

What I propose to do is develop

be researching further in order to

mini experiences which alter the

understand what it is about hos-

perception of a negative hospital

pitals and their environment that

PROPOSAL UPDATE[10]

creates

these

negative

emotions

from an objective point of view. Whether or not this is something that could be implemented practically in a hospital environment or something which is simply a creation to show what is possible in terms of transforming the hospital environment from an external point of view is not yet decided. However, it is important to note that currently hospitals and the health industry

are

very

cautious

and

hesitant when it comes to implementing new approaches to healthcare outside of the realm of more traditional therapies. This will be noted and investigated.

FINAL IDEA / NEEDLE THERAPY [12]

F I N A L IDEA / NEEDLE THERAPY [12]

FINAL IDEA / NEEDLE THERAPY [12]

Needle therapy is a mini installation

designed

negative patietns with

emotional in

reverse

hospitals

injections

and

the

connections associate associated

procedures. The patient describes their hospital experience speaking into the microphone/drip. This triggers a mechanism which starts the needle spinning. Attached to the needle are three coloured balls: orange, green and pink. This is designed to create a similar feel to that of a babys mobile. THe colours used are the most peaceful and the furthest associated from negative connotations. The pink is soothing, the green is refreshing and the orange is hapiness.

END.