Contents
NEW ZEALAND
WELCOME TO YOUR NEW-LOOK NEW ZEALAND SCIENCE TEACHER JOURNAL
The oceans issue
Kia ora koutou, and welcome. The publication you hold in your hands is the result of months of meeting with teachers and scientists, talking, thinking, and writing. Earlier this year, Sir Peter Gluckman, chief science adviser to the Prime Minister, chaired the panel that drew up a short-list of scientific challenges facing New Zealand. The list aims to provide a cohesive focus for the science sector on large and complex issues that affect our country, from health science to environmental research. But an extra focus, identified as the ‘Science and Society challenge’ aims to address issues of science understanding and knowledge in New Zealand. Naturally, science teachers play an integral part in this implementation. Shortly after the challenges were announced to the media, I interviewed Rick Marshall, Senior Communications Adviser at the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment. He agreed that science education was crucial to any future success of the challenges. “The way children learn about science shapes their future thinking about it and affects whether they decide to have science careers,” he said. It is with this in mind that New Zealand Science Teacher aims to inspire and inform science teachers around the country. This particular issue has a focus on oceans and sustainability. New Zealanders have a deep affinity for their coastline and environment, and we’ve gathered articles about sea pollution, ocean currents, and Te Papa’s infamous sunfish science, among others. This annual publication accompanies a sparkling new website, where you can keep up with the latest science news from around the world as well as happenings in local science education. Like the journal, the website aims to offer a wide range of thoughtprovoking science material, from academic articles about science or education or both, to classroom stories and opinion pieces. On the home page, you’ll notice a Twitter feed – please join in the conversation if you are so inclined. New Zealand Science Teacher also has a presence on Pinterest, which is like a virtual pin-board of links to interesting articles, videos, book reviews, and more to inspire you in your work. The boards range from different subject areas, to teaching levels. You can join Pinterest and make your own pin-boards or simply browse the NZST collection and marvel at the ever-expanding online world of science treasure. Thank you kindly to all the contributors to this publication and also to Matt Balm and the rest of the tireless New Zealand Association of Science Educators editorial panel for guiding the project. I hope you will enjoy and be inspired by the wide range of science articles we’ve gathered together here. Have a fantastic summer. Nga mihi nui,
Melissa Wastney
www.nzscienceteacher.co.nz TEACHER PRINT JOURNAL >> EDITION 132
NEW ZEALAND
SCIENCE TEACHER
CURRICULUM & LITERACY PLANET EARTH & BEYOND
www.nzscienceteacher.co.nz
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NZASE presidents’ address Outgoing: Sabina Cleary, Incoming: Steven Sexton.
Welcome To your new-look New Zealand Science Teacher.
The Antarctic Circumpolar current reaches from the surface to the bottom of the ocean.
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Could your school have a stem emphasis? Cultivating a fascination with our world through STEM experiences.
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Julian’s Rock and Ice blog GNS outreach site is a geological treasure.
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The flipped textbook project Boost biology with e-learning.
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Education through science Get inspired to provide positive learning opportunities at primary school.
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Promoting exchange and encouragement in primary science teaching.
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Linking the world’s oceans
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THE ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT:
Science Academy promotes best practice
Reef and Rainforest trip
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New Zealand’s sustainable energy
© 2013. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be copied or reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher.
NEW ZEALAND
Interconnections
Customary Ma- ori knowledge and Western science.
Pounamu game encourages community discussion From innovative insulation to kelp farming, Pounamu got everyone talking about science.
The science of te reo Ma- ori
One discussion to come out of Pounamu: What if all science was taught in te reo Ma- ori?
Towards a deeper understanding of biodiversity What happens when an art teacher and a science teacher work together?
The potential of CoRes for new science teachers How early-career teachers can benefit from working with experts through Content Representation design.
Q&A with chemistry teacher Tristan Riley.
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Level 1, Saatchi & Saatchi Building 101-103 Courtenay Place Wellington 6011 New Zealand PO Box 200, Wellington 6140 T: 04 471 1600 | F: 04 471 1080
Science on Ice From echinoderms to ocean acidification: students experience science at the South Pole.
Engaging primary students through science action research From blue eggs to cow pats: building a passion for science in a small rural school.
NZASE Standing Committee reports 2013 reports from STANZ, ESSE, NZAPSE and NZIC.
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Meet marine biologist Andrew Baxter From snails to whales: Celebrate Sea Week 2014. TEACHER PRINT JOURNAL >> EDITION 132
Online platforms add spark to 58 science teaching
Biology students head off on a rich learning experience.
Ideas for introducing this topic into your science teaching.
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ecoDriver project motivates students Project simultaneously engages students with sustainability concepts and saves electricity.
ON THE COVER
SCIENCE TEACHER
SCIENCE TEACHER
The oceans issue PRIMARY SCIENCE AT THE SEA SCIENTIFIC LITERACY
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YEARS OF EXPERIMENTS
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SNAILS WHALES
STUDENTS REACH FOR THE
SEARCHING FOR EXTRASOLAR PLANETS
A plastic ocean?
STARS
A closer look at marine pollution
Inside
ALL THINGS WEIRD AND WONDERFUL: TAKE A LOOK INSIDE NIWA’S COLLECTION
The sunfish story:
science communication at Te Papa
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The sunfish story Sunny Bill shines at Te Papa and presents learning opportunities.
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Our plastic ocean A closer look at The Great Pacific Garbage Patch and our own marine pollution.
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The continued search for extrasolar planets Citizen astronomy provides rich opportunities for our students.
A life devoted to science education Kay Memmott looks back on 55 years as a science technician.
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EXTRASOLAR PLANETS
SCIENTIFIC LITERACY
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t is estimated that every star in the universe on average has one extrasolar planet orbiting around it. That means hundreds of billions of planets in our galaxy alone. Scientists have estimated that there are at least 17 billion planets similar to Earth waiting to be discovered. There have been about 942 extrasolar planets discovered so far and that number increases daily – the latest published discovery was POTS-1b on September 2. By the time this is published, there will be over a thousand. Scientists’ interest in extrasolar planets is obvious – the chance to discover the first Earth-like planet outside our own solar system would give pretty impressive bragging rights. Scientists are looking for a planet around the same size as Earth, at a distance from its host star just right to have liquid water and with a detectable atmosphere. Some scientists suggest that a moon and its ability to create tides and seas, plus a hot interior which allows plate tectonics and the recycling of matter such as carbon, allowing plate tectonics are all necessary requirements for life to spawn. The goal, of course, is to find out: Are we alone?
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PRODUCTION: Barbara la Grange & Aaron Morey EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: Shane Cummings (@ShaneJCummings) GENERAL MANAGER & PUBLISHER: Bronwen Wilkins Errors and omissions: Whilst the publishers have attempted to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the information, no responsibility can be accepted by the publishers for any errors or omissions.
A plastic ocean? A closer look at marine pollution
The sunfish story:
science communication at Te Papa
Ridge collapses into a series of large eddies. These eddies are the oceanic equivalent of atmospheric weather systems with horizontal scales of hundreds of kilometres and vertical scales of hundreds of metres. These features can be seen by satellites because the warm eddies increase sea surface height, and cold eddies decrease it. By taking vertical profiles of the temperature and salinity of the ocean, oceanographers can map where water has flowed from. They do this by comparing the properties of the water of interest with the properties of different surface waters. The properties of each water mass are set in the formation region through a combination of surface heating or cooling, and evaporation or dilution from rain or snow. This process is fairly consistent from year to year. Once each water mass leaves the surface its properties remain constant apart from some slow mixing with neighbouring water masses. Because different water masses have different densities the denser ones flow under the lighter water masses. For example, the densest water masses are formed by surface conditions found in Antarctica that cause the water to become very cold and salty. Horizontal boundaries between water masses are called fronts. Across each front there are dramatic changes in the temperature and salinity over a relatively short
The ACC has a profound influence on the world’s climate because it is part of the global thermohaline circulation, which is driven by the sinking of cold, dense water around Antarctica and the North Atlantic. This cold, dense water is mainly formed as a result of sea ice formation at the edges of Antarctica, because as sea ice forms by sea water freezing most of the salt is expelled as brine, increasing the density of the water below. Density increases further by mixing with deep saline waters that have risen to the surface south of the ACC. These waters lose heat to the atmosphere cooling even further. This very dense water sinks to the bottom of the ocean and flows northwards, joining with the ACC. Branching off the ACC Deep Western Boundary Currents (DWBC) carry this deep water into the Indian, Atlantic and Pacific oceans, travelling 2-5km below the surface. The largest of the DWBC flows eastwards past New Zealand, around the Campbell Plateau, past the Chatham Rise along the Kermadec trench and into the North Pacific. Eventually this water rises to near the surface and moves as a warm equatorial current to be joined by water from the Indian Ocean. It therefore increases in flow as it moves westward into the Atlantic Ocean. Then it becomes the Gulf Stream, losing heat
distance. For example in the Southern Ocean, the Subantarctic Front is the boundary between salty, warm water to the north and a region of low salinity water which stretches to the Polar Front. South of the Polar Front the water masses are set by interaction with the cold atmosphere and sea ice. The circumpolar Subantarctic Front and the Polar Front are also important for the ACC, as they are associated with most of the ACC’s transport. The importance of these fronts for the currents is because the changes in temperature and salinity across the fronts set up the density gradients that drive ocean currents, particularly in the deep ocean. The ACC has layers according to the density of the water masses. The upper part has oxygen-poor water from all the oceans. The middle part is composed of a mixture of deep water from all oceans. The lower and deeper part contains water with high salinity from the Atlantic mixed with salty water from the Mediterranean Sea. Below that is the very cold dense water from the North Antarctic. As the different water masses circulate around Antarctica they mix with other water masses with similar density. The current is effectively mixing and then redistributing deep water from all the oceans.
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Surprisingly, we can detect and measure all of these things, even though we are studying mere specks of light. The closest extrasolar planet is just over four light years away, while the farthest are far outside the galaxy. Extrasolar planets are (with a few exceptions) far too small and dim to see, so detection involves looking at their effects on the host star. There are a range of methods we use to detect these planets, and I will discuss the main ones below. It must be pointed out that detecting these small specks of light somewhere in the galaxy
involves telescopes searching small areas of the night sky endlessly, year after year, looking for some variation. Only then can the big telescopes zoom in to try and tighten down the details. The SuperWASP search telescope, which is, in fact, two observatories each with eight telescopes working in unison, has been searching the same area of sky for almost a decade and discovered over 80 planets. In one fell swoop, KEPLER space telescope has detected over three thousand, with 134 confirmed extrasolar planets in only four years of operation.
Microlensing The third main method of detection very much involves a certain amount of luck. Einstein predicted that gravity bends light and a star with a lot of gravity behaves just like an interstellar magnifying glass. If conditions are right and a close star passes directly in front of a distant one, the magnifying effect produces a small but detectable flash of light. If the foreground star has a planet, then the lens is slightly dirty and flash is not smooth. Scientists use computer modeling to analyse these bumpy ‘light-curves’ and pull out the planet hidden there. This method is called gravitational microlensing and New Zealand astronomers are up there with world leaders in this field. In fact, one of the largest search telescopes in the world is the MOA telescope at Mt John University Observatory in Canterbury, which scans a small section of the southern sky every clear night for microlensing events.
Scientists’ interest in extrasolar planets is obvious – the chance to discover the first Earth-like planet outside our own solar system would give pretty impressive bragging rights.
– creating an unholy continent of sludge in the ocean We use plastic every day, but this addiction is discovers what it has to do with New Zealanders. the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. MELISSA WASTNEY Sustainable Coastlines; the Great Pacific Garbage
up in our oceans.
How bad is this problem, and what can we do about it? While some kinds of plastic degrade over time, none of it ever completely breaks down. Some of the plastic items in the ocean end up in the bodies of marine wildlife, who mistake them for food. Turtles, for example, occasionally mistake plastic bags for their food staple of jellyfish and suffocate. Dead albatrosses have been found in Hawaii with bellies full of cigarette lighters and bottle caps. Plastic items are considered to cause more marine animals’ deaths than oil spills, heavy metals, or other toxic materials.
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>> New Zealand Science Teacher
As plastic particles circulate through the sea, they become ‘sponges’ for water-borne contaminants such as PCBs, DDT, other pesticides, PAHs, and many other hydrocarbons. These toxic pollutants, known as ‘POPs’ (persistent organic pollutants), are absorbed in high concentration by plastic pollution in the marine environment. These toxins then enter the marine food chain, with potentially dire consequences for all living things. A scientific study conducted in 2012 revealed that the Great Pacific Garbage Patch is also a breeding ground for a water parasite called Halobates sericeus. Not only has the mass of plastic increased by over 100 times in the past 40 years, but it has led to changes in the natural habitat of animals such as the marine insect Halobates sericeus. These ‘sea skaters’ or ‘water striders’ – relatives of pond water skaters – inhabit water surfaces and lay their eggs on fingernail sized pieces of plastic. These insects may be a food source for crabs and sea-birds, but they’re also a predator in their own right, feeding on plankton and fish eggs, and they threaten to upset the fine balance of the ocean’s ecosystem.
Why doesn’t plastic biodegrade? Plastic does degrade* into small pieces until it’s no longer visible to the human eye. This happens very slowly in the ocean, because of the cold and dark conditions. But most plastic does not mineralise*. We call the small pieces of broken-down plastic ‘microplastics’ if they are smaller than 5mm long. The answer to this can be found in the chemical make-up of plastic. Most plastic is manufactured from petroleum, which is itself the end product of once-living organisms, but a crucial manufacturing step turns this biomaterial into something unrecognised by the organisms that normally break organic matter down. When propylene is heated up in the presence of a catalyst, individual chemical units of the material link together by forming strong carboncarbon bonds with each other. These polymer chains are called polypropylene. >> New Zealand Science Teacher >>
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CURRICULUM & LITERACY THE LIVING WORLD
COASTLINE INSPIRES WONDER Inquiry science at Kilbirnie School has children exploring their own shores.
While collaborating on a long-term plan, the school’s four senior syndicate teachers decided on ‘coastlines’ as their inquiry focus for this term, for various reasons. The first is its geographical relevance to the students who mostly live near the South Coast. The school is also close to marine facilities, such as the Island Bay Marine Education Centre, and the Victoria University Coastal Ecology Lab for further learning opportunities. Earlier in the year, the middle syndicate also learned about the coastline, and the junior classes are currently doing so, which has enabled some sharing of resources within the school. “Focusing on the same topic throughout the school works well because when we have ‘buddy’ activities (where an older child works one-on-one with a younger student), they can share learning from their different perspectives,” says Peter.
Getting started
During the planning stage, the ‘coastlines’ theme was broken into four key understandings: » Coastlines are used for a variety of reasons » Lyall Bay has changed and continues to change » Humans impact coastlines » The coastline is home to special animals and plants. This stage was followed by mind-mapping within the individual classes to determine what the students already knew and what they wanted to learn. There was a wide variety amongst the students. Peter says the inquiry study became more dynamic after this point. “In my class, we did the tuning-in activity and talked about coastlines, and we ended up going down a route of classification. I started with some questions, and one of the things that came out was an interest in classifying the animals that lived there – for example, a starfish or crab – and talking
“I heard from some parents that it was getting competitive down there … one student found an octopus in a rock pool and tried to keep it secret”
Inside
about where these creatures fit in.” This led to a discussion about where different creatures fit in the ecology of the coastline.
Inquiry science “We try to keep it as student-directed as possible. Of course, we do come up with the key understandings, and the initial idea, but that’s about as far as the teachers manipulate it. But you can sort of push it in a certain direction, as a teacher. “We’ve put together a booklet of activities for the children and they’re expected to complete a certain number of those by the end of the term. The children can choose the individual activities that interest them.” The activities involve the children doing field work, and because of the long time frame in which they must be completed, test time management skills. Within the inquiry, the children have chosen a mini-project as another focus for them. Some children wanted to study sharks, and this led to a wider discussion on the geography of the coastline, such as where does the coastline begin and end? Other children have chosen to look at rock pools or birds or how beaches are formed.
Potential challenges How does inquiry-based learning work in a class of mixed abilities? This challenge can be addressed by differentiating the learning outcomes for different students, says Peter. In addition, students of different strengths are sometimes paired together. In this way, they are learning about working collaboratively as well as exploring their science ideas. “A lot of the learning is done between students themselves rather than from me,” says Peter. “My first concern is making sure we’re keeping up with the kids and running with their ideas. The goal is to let the learning go in their direction and keep it engaging for them.” Kilbirnie School students explore the rocks at Dorrie Leslie Park, Queens Drive, Lyall Bay, Wellington. Photos: Melissa Wastney
“Once you’ve got the initial activities expressed, the learning can go in all sorts of directions.” Another challenge can be keeping all the students in a class fully engaged and working to their potential. “It can be difficult, to keep all the students involved, but if you are truly letting them work in the direction they want to, it’s less of a problem.” Natural curiosity also comes into play. “If I’m talking to one group of students about a particular topic or activity, there will be a lot of ears listening in, which then drives further discussion, so that’s always interesting.” He says the classroom environment can often be quite loud, but there is learning going on if you investigate what is really happening.
Science at Kilbirnie School Peter has a geology and geography degree and says he’s keen to bring more science into the curriculum at Kilbirnie. “It’s something we work really hard to keep up with here because of its importance. We don’t want to let it go,” he says. He concedes that science learning can sometimes be challenging at a primary school. This can be to do with resourcing, such as finding class sets of test tubes and other equipment. But it’s always worth the time invested. “I ran an extra science elective last year, and we did lots of experiments. I loved seeing kids getting so ‘into it’. They really love doing science with their hands.” Rest assured the rockpools of Wellington’s South Coast will be well observed this spring.
Meet some of your
INCREDIBLE ARLO’S COASTLINE SCAVENGER HUNT
The children of Room 10 at Kilbirnie School were given a scavenger hunt to complete at the beach. Here is what Arlo (age 10) found:
1Rubbery Something smooth: white seaweed 2Orange Something bumpy: rocks that are rough to touch
3A seagull’s Something soft: feather 4legs:AnSomeone’s animal with more than two pet dog 5Barnacles, Four different shaped shells: limpets, crabs, oysters 6A plastic Something man-made: bag with dog poo inside! 7water Something that has been in the a long time:
UNDERWATER NEIGHBOURS
NIWA’s ‘Critter of the Week’ introduces us to a host of weird and wonderful creatures lurking beneath our waters.
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he National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) Invertebrate Collection (NIC) holds specimens from almost all invertebrate phyla, with over 2100 holotypes and paratypes. This is the result of about half a century of marine taxonomic and biodiversity research in the New Zealand region, the South West Pacific, and the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Visitors come from around the world to the NIWA Invertebrate Collection to undertake research and work with thousands of special samples. At NIWA, there are facilities to store and categorise the large number of samples. The collection is always being added to through marine research programmes. ‘Critter of the Week’ is a science outreach project in which the public can learn more about a specific sea creature from the collection every week – see: www.facebook.com/NIWAInvertebrateCollection A selection of these featured critters are making a special appearance in this ‘oceans’ issue of New Zealand Science Teacher. To see more, visit the NIWA Invertebrate Collection Facebook page.
All the rocks are special. I love to climb and run on them. They also give me a good view out to sea.
This beautiful member of the glass sponges is endemic to New Zealand – it’s only found here, and is also the only member of its genus, Symplectella, known to be found in New Zealand. S. rowi was first named in 1924, by Arthur Dendy. You can see a copy of his original report, ‘Porifera. Part I. Non-Antarctic sponges. Natural History Report’, at http://bit.ly/1aXUiDo Sponges of this sort are particularly interesting because of commensal relationships they have with a little shrimp that lives inside the network of passages in each sponge. In the case of S. rowi, the shrimp is Spongiaxius novaezealandiae, a member of a family of ghost shrimp, the Axiidae.
Left photo: Symplectella rowi. Middle photo: Symplectella rowi. Right photo: Symplectella rowi. Credit: Rob Stewart, Ocean Survey 20/20 Bay of Islands Coastal Biodiversity, Sediment and Seabed Habitat Project.
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Octopodes are some of the most intelligent of the invertebrates – for example, despite being colour blind, many octopus species are able to perform incredible acts of camouflage, changing their skin colour and even texture! Octopodes are divided into two main groups: the incirrate octopus (order Incirrata), which look like the common octopus, and the much more bizarre cirrate or ‘dumbo’ octopus (Suborder Cirrata). Growing to about 1.5m in total length (from the tip of the head to the tip of its longest tentacle), and up to 10kg in weight, this gorgeous critter is found around all around New Zealand (including the Chatham and Stewart Islands) and southern Australia, from the intertidal zone to about 300m depth. It’s very inquisitive, and because it lives in coastal areas, is often seen by divers. It’s also used widely in large public aquariums. Young common octopuses are often found in tidal rock pools, but they move out to deeper water as they mature.
Top photo: Pinnoctopus cordiformis. Credit: Darren Stevens Bottom photo: Pinnoctopus cordiformis on the Otago Shelf off Oamaru. Credit: DTIS, Biogenic Habitats on the Continental Shelf
Eplumula australiensis LEGGY CRAB
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Symplectella rowi GLASS SPONGES
Pinnoctopus cordiformis COMMON OCTOPUS
All critter photographs and descriptions were provided by NIWA.
Order Sepiolida BOBTAIL SQUIDS
Smooth sea glass
8Empty Something spikey or hairy: kina shell 9Mussel Something with joints: shells 10 Something that is hiding: A crab, under a rock 11 Something that is special to you. Why is it special?
Humans and especially their dogs all enjoy our coastlines.
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Patch; an assortment of plastic bottles that end
Gavin Milne is HOD Science at Dilworth School.
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he Great Pacific Garbage Patch, sometimes known as the Pacific trash vortex, is thought to be six times the size of France. It’s a swirling mass of discarded plastic bags and bottles; a thick soup of plastic gloop in the north east of the Pacific Ocean. It’s the world’s biggest landfill, and it is ever increasing in size. Because it’s confined within the North Pacific gyre*, which is made up of large, slowly rotating ocean currents, it rotates around an area between Hawaii and the North America–mainland. The area is an oceanic desert, filled with tiny phytoplankton but few big fish or mammals. Due to its lack of large fish, fishermen and sailors rarely travel through the gyre. The debris can eventually escape. As wave action and ultraviolet light break it down into smaller pieces, it becomes weighted down with microbial Can you think of other places biofilms* and sinks. Once it’s in deeper where you’ve seen waste plastic? waters, it can be transported by deep currents out of the gyre and away from Does plastic ever really ‘go away’? the patch. Describe how your household deals with While the Great Pacific Garbage rubbish and plastic waste. Patch has garnered worldwide attention What steps can we take via the media, it’s not the only trash to use less plastic in our vortex on Earth. everyday lives? In all, there are thought to be five major oceanic gyres, complete with swirling plastic: The Indian Ocean, North Pacific, North Atlantic, South Atlantic, and the South Pacific gyre. Visit www.5gyres.org for a good breakdown of these. This video, of Maximenko’s plastic pollution growth model, describes the plastic pollution spread http://vimeo.com/8350606
Possible questions to use in the classroom: When you discard plastic, where does it go?
Look for further extrasolar planet articles by Gavin Milne on the New Zealand Science Teacher website over the next year www.nzscienceteacher.co.nz
Why coastlines?
ALL THINGS WEIRD AND WONDERFUL: TAKE A LOOK INSIDE NIWA’S COLLECTION
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L-R: Plastic beads found on a NZ coastline Image:
to the atmosphere as it moves northwards. This causes the density of the water to increase, sink and flow south in the lower part of the ocean to the Antarctic. If we could tag a small amount of water and follow its journey around the globe we would find that most of the time it is isolated in the dark and cold deep ocean. It would only appear on the surface about once every 600 years and then only in the Southern Ocean, south of the ACC. In the tropics and sub-tropics, a thin surface layer of warm, lighter water prevents deep water from coming to the surface but south of the ACC, this warm layer disappears and no longer stops the upward movement of deeper water. This process ventilates the ocean. When deep water reaches the surface, it gives up heat to the much colder atmosphere and picks up dissolved atmospheric gases, including carbon dioxide and oxygen. >>
OUR PLASTIC OCEANS
How can we apply this to our classroom teaching? An important question to ask is the relevance of this research to our students. The new Earth and Space Science subject field is ideally geared to use extrasolar planets as subject material, both at Level 2 and 3. The search for Earthlike planets is both a scientific and a societal one. Detection of these planets is not difficult. Indeed, students in Auckland have already used their schools’ observatory to detect a transiting extrasolar planet. The basic telescope equipment is not hugely expensive and is widely available. Unfortunately the expertise and experience is less common. The huge leaps in technology, as well as the widespread use of the internet, means that schools don’t even have their own observatory. The future of astronomy in education is the remote observatory and some schools are currently investigating this option. If we can train our students in observational and astrophysical astronomy while still at school, then the future of science, especially physics and astrophysics, is looking optimistic.
KEY: ACC Antarctic Circumpolar Current DWBC Deep Western Boundary Current SAF South Antarctic Front SB Southern Boundary of the ACC
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Direct imaging
LEARNING IN SCIENCE SCIENCE INQUIRY
The rocky shore is close to the heart of all children growing up on Wellington’s South Coast. Inquiry science this term at Kilbirnie School is focusing on coastlines and has already inspired children and their wha-nau to poke around in rock pools on the weekend. Year 6 teacher, Peter Dobson, says it’s brilliant to see the students get outside and physically explore their learning environment. “I heard from some parents that it was getting competitive down there … one student found an octopus in a rock pool and tried to keep it secret,” he laughs.
STARS
formed by persistently strong westerly winds that are nicknamed the roaring forties, furious fifties and screaming sixties by sailors. These winds transfer large amounts of momentum and energy to the current. The ACC flows eastward around Antarctica and connects the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. It transports 110 - 150 x 106 m3s-1 of water, where 1 x 106 m3s-1 is roughly equal to all the water flowing out of all world’s rivers. Unlike other major currents, the ACC reaches from the surface to the bottom of the ocean. It is as deep as 4000 metres and as wide as 2000 kilometres. It consists of a series of linked flows affected by underwater topography. The ocean floor is not flat and featureless, but contains similar landforms to those found above the surface. Mostly the ACC flows unimpeded, but underwater formations such as ridges and plateaus act as barriers that deflect and alter the flow. Key areas where the flow of the ACC is affected are the Drake Passage between South America and Antarctica, the Kerguelen Plateau in the southern Indian Ocean and south of New Zealand along the Macquarie Ridge. When the current has to get through small gaps, as found in the Macquarie Ridge, it flows faster and downstream of the
If you have a large enough telescope (5m+), you can actually detect the extrasolar planet itself. The light reflected from its surface will be very dim, and will be hidden by the enormous glare of its host star. Advances like adaptive optics, which remove much of the distortion created by Earth’s atmosphere to the wonderful sounding Vortex Coronagraph that can block the light from the star, bring the extrasolar planet into sight. This direct imaging is still in its infancy, but scientists hope that with improvements in technology, telescopes smaller than those currently needed will be capable of this research.
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The coastline as an inquiry subject
SEARCHING FOR EXTRASOLAR PLANETS
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NEW ZEALAND SCIENCE TEACHER ISSUE 132 ISSN: 0110-7801
The other main method of detection also measures tiny changes in the light from a star. This time, it’s a small drop in brightness as a planet passes in front of the surface, blocking some of the rays intended for us. This transit, similar to a solar eclipse but much smaller, may last a few hours and occurs every time the planet orbits. Some planets orbit so close to their host star, they sweep around in less than a day; in comparison, Mercury takes 88 days. ‘Close’ means a hot planet, like Jupiter, and while common, these so-called ‘Hot Jupiters’ are not what we are looking for. An Earth-sized planet would have a much longer period and be much smaller. Think of a moth passing in front of a streetlight a few kilometres away. You need to be looking at the right spot at the right time and measuring very carefully. This actually can be – and has been – done by school students here in New Zealand. Other planets in the system will tug at the planet transiting, making it either speed up or slow down as it orbits. Astronomers
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s New Zealanders, we tend to think that we are at the edge of the world, with nothing but windswept sea between us and Antarctica. We are very aware of our dynamic landscape, but often don’t realise that we are also in the middle of vast, restless oceans, through which major currents that control the world’s climate flow. An ocean current is like a huge river within the ocean, responsible for the large scale transport of ocean water and with it heat, salts, dissolved gases, nutrients and marine life. The primary driver of ocean circulation is solar radiation, which sets up the other drivers of the ocean, wind and density gradients. Surface currents, which are generally no deeper than 10% of the ocean’s depth, are driven by wind. Deep currents are driven by gradients in density, density being a function of salinity and temperature. The Earth’s spin, the Coriolis Effect, and the topography of the ocean floor strongly affect the direction in which currents flow. Just south of New Zealand, in the most inhospitable part of the world, flows an ocean current that completely circles the globe – the cold Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). This is a huge current
Meet some unusual neighbours Inspecting the weird and wonderful with NIWA’s ‘Critter of the Week’ project.
are now measuring transits accurately enough to detect these Transit Timing Variations and whole solar systems have now been detected. An exciting goal would be to detect a moon orbiting an extrasolar planet by this very method. As we now know, while planets may not be habitable, moons might be.
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Students reach for the stars Celebrating New Zealand’s first delegation to the Astronomy Olympiad in Greece.
JOURNALIST: Melissa Wastney (@NZScienceTeachr) T: 04 915 9784 | E: melissa.wastney@apn-ed.co.nz
Passing planets
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EDUCATION & SOCIETY SCIENCE EDUCATION & THE ENVIRONMENT
THE CONTINUED SEARCH FOR
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New Zealand Science Teacher >> 3
Astronomers’ fascinating search for extrasolar planets provides rich material for our students, writes GAVIN MILNE.
LET’S TALK ABOUT
STUDENTS REACH FOR THE
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PRIMARY SCIENCE AT THE SEA
With permission Lionel Carter 2008
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The most successful method of detection involves what physicists refer to as the Doppler shift of light. In much the same way as the pitch of an ambulance siren increases as it comes towards you and decreases as it travels away, the light of a host star does the same. The star wobbles on its axis due to tug of gravity from the invisible planet orbiting it. Imagine two ice-skaters holding hands as they pirouette, spinning in little circles around each other. This radial velocity causes the light from the star to change colour – to become slightly bluer or redder, depending on whether the star is moving towards or away from the observer on Earth. Considering that stars are moving through the cosmos at thousands of kilometres an hour, we can measure a change in velocity of a star of only one metre per second, which is an incredible feat.
Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the Deep Western Boundary Currents.
The Antarctic Circumpolar Current reaches from the surface to the bottom of the ocean. JENNY POLLOCK and MIKE WILLIAMS describe its importance.
CURRICULUM & LITERACY PLANET EARTH & BEYOND
www.nzscienceteacher.co.nz
&
WORLD’S OCEANS
Let’s talk about scientific literacy The leadership opportunities lie with science teachers.
LET’S TALK ABOUT
2 >> New Zealand Science Teacher
The oceans issue
SNAILS WHALES
Linking the
Coastline inspires wonder Inquiry science at Kilbirnie School has students looking locally.
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ew Zealand has about five species of bobtail squid (Order Sepiolida). These endearing little squids have large, almost-circular fins on each side of the mantle, giving rise to their other common name of Mickey Mouse squids. Some species are pelagic (live in the water column) over deep water, while others live on the sea floor and bury themselves into sandy sediments to hide from predators. There are three bottom-living species, all Sepioloidea species. One of them – Sepioloidea pacifica – grows to about 40mm mantle length, lives in shallow coastal water (to about 56m deep) and would make an excellent subject for a saltwater aquarium. Top photo: The pelagic species Stoloteuthis maoria. Credit: Rob Stewart, NIWA, TAN1116 - Fisheries Oceanography Bottom photo: Sepioloidea sp. Credit: Rob Stewart, NIWA, TAN0906 Oceans Survey 20/20 Bay of Islands
his leggy crab is a member of the family Latreilliidae or ‘longlegged crabs’. It’s found around southeastern Australia, the Bass Strait to southeast Queensland, and northern New Zealand. The colouring of its carapace varies from white to purplish, with red markings, and the crabs are quite small – males tend to be around 15mm long (carapace length), while females are a bit bigger at 19mm long. Eplumula australiensis lives in soft mud and sand, on the outer continental shelf and continental slopes at 54–330m.
Top photo: Eplumula australiensis close-up. Credit: Peter Marriot, NIWA, Ocean Survey 20/20 Bay of Islands Coastal Biodiversity, Sediment and Seabed Habitat Project Bottom photo) Eplumula australiensis. Look at those legs! Credit: Rob Stewart, NIWA, Ocean Survey 20/20 Bay of Islands Coastal Biodiversity, Sediment and Seabed Habitat Project
WHAT’S SPECIAL ABOUT NEW ZEALAND’S COASTAL ENVIRONMENT? New Zealand lies in the South West Pacific, a region that harbours one of the world’s highest species diversity in some marine invertebrate groups with a high proportion of globally unique species. This huge diversity is, amongst other things, related to the variable seafloor relief and New Zealand’s ancient geological history.
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Q&A
With Jane O’Malley Q A Q A
What are the bits you love least?
Where and when did you train?
ck h ough an ssue c ck he e
Christchurch Polytechnic 1973 -1975
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE:
YOUR HEALTH
The battle to quit smoking Shiftwork eating habits
Would you recommend your child/niece/neighbour/grandchild to go into nursing? Absolutely, if I thought they had the attitude, aptitude, and intelligence for the work. I would recommend it to my nephews as well!
Q A
What was your nursing career up to your current job? Over 30 years working clinically in surgical, medical, and then mental health nursing. In that time, I’ve been a staff nurse, clinical tutor, charge nurse, nurse researcher, clinical advisor, and academic. I have worked mostly in Christchurch apart from three years studying and working in New York. For the last five years, I was director of nursing and midwifery for the West Coast District Health Board (I finally nursed on the ‘Coast) and have been in my current job for 17 months.
Q&A
Q A
With Jane O’Malley
When have you felt particularly proud to be a nurse? I know it may sound trite, but every day I am proud to be a nurse. I was especially proud while visiting the nurses of Christchurch after the February earthquake. I remember one senior nurse saying, ”if ever there was a time to be a nurse, it is now”, referring to the leadership role and the contribution nurses made over this time.
CH OA PR OK AP O H L ES NEW R F
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Don’t go it alone: giving up an addiction isn’t easy
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What your most embarrassing moment as a nurse? Not necessarily my most embarrassing because I’m sure there were a few – like the time I slipped and tipped a basin of water over the feet of an entourage of white- coated doctors on a ward round. But one that sticks out was in the 70s when the matron of the Princess Margaret Hospital said pointedly in front of me at afternoon tea (on the day I had marched in a protest rally) “I sincerely hope none of my nurses went in that dreadful march…”
Q A
What is your current job all about? Providing advice, in partnership with other clinical leaders, to the Minister of Health and Ministry of Health. I work with the Ministry and the sector to develop policy and implementation strategies to ensure the effectiveness of health services particularly involving, but not limited to, nursing.
Q A
What do you love about your current
job?
The ability to influence change; working on a wide variety of topics; working with great people inside and outside the Ministry; living in Wellington; and being privy to health services across the country.
NEWS IN BRIEF
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» AGED CARE WORKERS TAKE STRIKE ACTION Employees of Aranui Home and Hospital recently took industrial action in pursuit of fair pay following months of failed negotiations. The strike follows the release of the recent Human Rights Commission report, which exposed the low levels of pay for aged care workers. » WAIKATO REHAB SERVICE Waikato DHB has implemented a personalised rehabilitation service to help older people recover in their homes following a stay in hospital or admission to an emergency department. » METLIFECARE DEAL GOES THROUGH AT LAST After much tweaking of the initial proposal, shareholders voted through the $216 million deal to expand the Metlifecare operation by merging with Vision Senior Living and Private Life Care Holdings. » FOUR-YEAR CERTIFICATION Bupa’s Parkhaven Care Home recently joined the relatively small number of care homes in New Zealand with four-year certification status following a recent audit. » OLDER PEOPLE STRUGGLE TO AFFORD HEALTH INSURANCE National health insurer, Accuro Health Insurance, is challenging the Government to provide tax rebates for older people who can’t afford their own health insurance. » PIN AND PASSWORD SECURITY The case of a recently imprisoned caregiver and her husband, who had stolen a large sum of money from a 99-year-old rest home resident, highlights the need for older people to take care with sensitive information such as PIN numbers and passwords. » RESEARCH FROM AROUND THE GLOBE » AUSTRALIA: New report shows healthcare system will struggle to keep up with the growing ageing population. » USA: Comprehensive new review on international dementia research has been published.
What do you do to try and keep fit, healthy, happy and balanced? Me, balanced? I mean to meditate more often, to do more yoga, read more, and get home early more … I do actually walk to work and lift weights.
Q
Which book is gathering dust on your bedside table waiting for you to get around to reading it? The Penguin History of New Zealand by Michael King.
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What have you been reading instead? I’ve just finished The Girl who Kicked the Hornets’ Nest by Stieg Larsson (yes, I know everyone else read it years ago). I’m now reading Netherland by Joseph O’Neill.
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Q A Q A
What are three of your favourite movies of all time? Lost in Translation, The Castle, Gran Torino.
What is number one on your ‘bucket list’ of things to do? Do the Tongariro Crossing and the Heaphy Track.
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» UK: Groundbreaking new study published on the causes of osteoarthritis.
SERVICE FOR OLDER WAIKATO PATIENTS W
aikato District Health Board has introduced a personalised rehabilitation service to help older patients who have been in hospital recover faster. The Supported Transfer and Accelerated Rehabilitation team (START) aims to support their recovery in their own homes. START is similar to the Canterbury DHB programme following the earthquake. The teams are made up of community and hospital specialist older person’s nurses. When a person over 65 presents at a Waikato emergency department, the team supports that patient so he or she doesn’t need to be admitted into hospital. They also provide postoperative care at home so older patients can return home sooner. Patients are set individual rehabilitation goals and the team works intensively with the patients and their
families in their own homes to achieve these goals – sometimes up to four times a day, seven days a week. START currently operates in Hamilton, Thames/Hauraki, and South Waikato. Suitable clients are assessed to have a potential for partial or complete recovery with home rehabilitation within six weeks. Their home has to be an appropriate and safe environment for the client and the team to work in. Health Minister Tony Ryall believes it is a good example of partnerships between primary and hospital health care. “Integrating health services between hospitals and health professionals in the community not only makes sense, most importantly, it is better for patients.” The initiative is in line with the Government’s plans to invest an extra $40 million into home-based support services over the next four years.
Aged care
workers strike
After changing some of the terms of its much-debated merger deal, Metlifecare’s shareholders eventually voted through the $216 million deal to expand the business by taking over Vision Senior Living and Private Life Care Holdings. The changes included reducing the number of Metlifecare shares issued to Vision Senior Living shareholders from 20 million to 10 million shares. Metlifecare also announced that instead of raising additional capital from third party investors to reduce debt, it will rationalise its property asset portfolio. The Metlifecare board said it would also appoint two further independent directors, the first within 30 days of completion of the deal. Metlifecare chief executive and managing director, Alan Edwards, said it took a lot of understanding between all the parties to make the deal work and was reportedly delighted after it was announced that 79 per cent of shareholders had agreed to the deal. The merged entities will have 24 retirement villages and $1.9 billion of investment properties – although debt has to be deducted to reach total net assets.
SUMMERSET’S EXPANSION
Metlifecare is not the only village operator expanding. Summerset Group has recently been granted consent from the Overseas Investment Office to buy a large Hobsonville site – the 7.6ha Monterey Park. Summerset will spend $80 million building about 300 units, along with hospital-level care and rest home facilities. The project is expected to take around seven years to complete. Summerset is reportedly developing five villages and has a target of building 155 units this financial year. The company also has land in Karaka in South Auckland and Katikati in the Bay of Plenty that could potentially allow for the development of a further 1052 units.
JUST UNDER 70 members of the New Zealand Nurses Organisation (NZNO) and the Service and Food Workers Union Nga Ringa Tota (SFWU) employed at Aranui Home and Hospital recently took industrial action. The strike follows the recently released Human Rights Commission’s report exposing low levels of pay for residential aged care workers. Negotiations between union members and employers for fair pay have been happening since October last year. The majority of Aranui rest home care staff are paid the minimum wage of $13.50, and over the past 11 years, have only had increases when the law has been changed to increase the minimum wage. NZNO Industrial Advisor, Rob Haultain, says Aranui is a good example of the ‘slavery’ depicted in the HRC report. “These workers are shown little respect for the complex work they do or the fact that they are the core of the employer’s business.”
To Part of the
EDUCATION REVIEWseries
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August/September 2012 | www.insitemagazine.co.nz
IMPORTANCE OF PIN PROTECTION
Ed Thomas of the Retirement Villages Association says the case reinforces the need to follow strict guidelines around PIN and password protection, including never keeping records of passwords or writing them down, never using the same password for multiple accounts, and never disclosing them to anyone, including bank staff, police, or family members.
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USE TWEETDECK
Repeated attempts to quit are not unusual. Demystifying what happens to your body when you stop smoking and go through nicotine withdrawal is an important step, believes Percival, and may help you stop blaming your symptoms as side effects of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). “If you go cold turkey and take nothing, you are likely to get spots, coughs and cold, nightmares, constipation, mouth ulcers, a hacking cough … plus being really irritable and tense. All of those symptoms could be put down to NRT if you happened to start it the day you stop smoking,” says Percival. Nicotine is addictive but not carcinogenic – it is the tar and carbon monoxide in tobacco smoke that does the harm to your health. The side effects of NRT are most commonly from underdosing, says Percival, as the majority of people take too little rather than too much. Percival stresses this is where the importance of an experienced quit counselor comes in. Someone who can you help you get the dosage right, help alleviate the symptoms, remind you of your goals, and support you through the tough times. >> more overleaf
THE MORE YOU GIVE, THE MORE YOU GET
The more you put into Twitter, the more you get out of it. As a Twitter newbie, a general rule of thumb is the more you tweet, the more followers you will rack up. Once a seasoned tweeter, it can open up connections with other people, new ideas, and relevant events.
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THE POWER OF THE HASHTAG
1 bet that the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge would name their baby Hashtag. While Hashtag (thankfully) didn’t make it onto the royal family tree, there is no disputing that the hashtag symbol carries great clout in social media circles. The hashtag symbol allows Twitter users to track what’s going on in the areas of their interests and to allow others who may or may not follow them to track what they’ve tweeted. It allows Twitter feeds to be searched on and tracked. Well-chosen the impact a person’s tweet has far beyond the number of followers a given account has. Even people without a Twitter account can search the service for given hashtags to stay up on a given topic. With a Twitter account, however, the
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ARE MODERN LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS THE WAY FORWARD? 10
EDUCATION REVIEWseries ICT & Procurement 2013
A FIJI PILOT to replace a 40 hour week with three 12-hour shifts is concerning Fijian nurses who fear nursing care will be compromised, says former nurse leader Kuini Lutua. The Fiji Times reported in early February that the Fijian Ministry of Health was changing working hours “in a bid to improve working standards and patient care”. The pilot was due to begin in Labasa Hospital followed by Lautoka Hospital and the Colonial War Memorial Hospital in Suva. Lutua, until very recently the general secretary of the Fiji Nursing Association, said the nurses affected were very unhappy about the move and concerned nursing care standards would be compromised. “Especially where there is no definite nurse to patient ratio, where nurses are allocated specific numbers of patients to care for, [and when there are] no proper rest rooms, meals, or tea and coffee areas.” She believed the pilot was a cost-cutting measure as nurses would now only be paid for 36 hours. Negativity over the move has been compounded by the Ministry of Health cutting of the provision of night transport, and the payment of night allowances to nurses. Lutua was also concerned about the impact on nurses’ health and their family and home responsibilities. The Fiji Times also quoted a Ministry spokesman saying another reason for implementing the pilot was to cater for the increase in registered nurses in Fiji, which had risen to more than 2000 by the end of 2011 Fiji has a population of about 880,000. New Zealand, in comparison, has 50,000 nurses for 4.4 million people.
Falls dominate serious and sentinel events FALLS CONTINUE TO dominate the latest serious and sentinel events report for New Zealand’s public hospitals. Just over 50 per cent of the 377 events reported by the country’s 20 district health boards were falls (195). The Health Quality and Safety Commission said the reporting of falls had driven the overall increase in serious and sentinel events since 2007–2008 (just 56 falls reported), with no other event growing at a similar rate. Kate Weston, quality spokesperson for the New Zealand Nurses Organistion, said the increase in falls was concerning as falls were a direct result of not having enough adequately skilled nursing staff on the floor to manage falls risk. She NZNO would be monitoring fall trends as it was “imperative there were enough nurses on the floor to meet patients’ needs”. The second most reported serious or sentinel event was errors of diagnosis and treatment (108 events or 29 per cent) with the third largest category being medication errors (25 incidents). The commission said addressing medication errors was a priority and 15 boards had begun using a national medication chart for adult patients. A paediatric chart and a proposal for piloting a chart for the aged care sector were in development. 86 of the patients involved in the 377 reported events died, but not necessarily as a result of the adverse event itself. Commission chair Alan Merry said the report was not about apportioning blame but improving the quality and safety of health services. The commission also said DHB reporting of events was voluntary and recognised that DHBs reporting the “most events in the greatest detail” may have better reporting systems and “perhaps a superior safety culture”. Likewise, a low rate of reported events may indicate “underreporting and under-investigation of matters that go wrong” or “conversely may reflect the outcome of a very sucessful risk management programme or a combination of both”.
Nursing Review series Healthy year ahead 2012
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at least three serves of milk (or foods Pushing all taste preferences made from milk), and one to two aside for the moment, it is serves of meat or meat alternatives. worth noting that the industry Facilities must also adhere to is fundamentally guided by the the stipulations of the Age Related Health and Disability Services Residential Care Agreement, which standard NZS 8134.1.3.13: A complies with the Food Hygiene consumer’s individual food, fluids, Regulations 1974, the Health Act and nutritional needs are met 1956, and the Health and Disability where this service is a component Commissioner Act 1994. The of service delivery. agreement requires ‘a food service The criteria underpinning this of adequate and nutritious meals, overarching standard highlight the and refreshments and snacks at importance of meeting recognised morning/afternoon tea and supper nutritional guidelines, any times, that reflects the nutritional additional nutritional requirements requirements of older people, and as and personal taste preferences of much as possible takes into account consumers, as well as adhering the personal likes/dislikes of the to legislation and guidelines for Subsidised Resident, addresses food procurement, preparation, medical/cultural and religious storage, and delivery. It links in restrictions, and is served at times with the Ministry of Health’s that reflect community norms’ Food and Nutrition Guidelines (Clause D15.2). for Healthy Older People, which, While the agreement includes in turn, supports the Ministry’s some safety clauses around food Health of Older People Strategy. handling, it will soon become an The guidelines recommend specific additional legal requirement for all numbers of serves from each of the food providers to meet the standard four food groups daily – for example, in the Food Act 1981 that says they at least six serves of grains, at least must have a written food safety five serves of fruits and vegetables, programme that includes addressing
any potential hazards of food preparation (based on the principles of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point), the skills and competence of those preparing the food, and the types of food that should not be served or sold. Some organisations follow additional standards, which may include reference to their mission statements or specific resident agreements. For example, Oceania Living’s philosophy of care document shows they will “provide food choices from which residents may make their selection and allow, within reason, the resident to make the decision of where they wish to dine.” Oceania’s dietitian, Jessica Bowden, says that in addition to the Ministry of Health guidelines, Oceania also adheres to the Australian standardised definitions and terminology for texturemodified food and fluids.
DIETITIAN INPUT
The Dietitians New Zealand Menu Audit is designed by dietitians ‘to help ensure facilities meet the requirements for certification
under the Health and Disability Sector Standards and DHB Accreditation’. The audit, which also incorporates assessment of the food purchases that can assess if the facility is purchasing enough food to meet the residents’ needs, appears to keep facilities in check with regards to nutrition and dietary variety. While it is not currently a legal requirement to have a dietitian involved in menu planning, the audit process means a dietitian is often involved by default. Janice Petty, manager of Albert Park Residential Care in Gisborne, a 33-bed independent rest home, says they have the input of a dietitian for menu planning. Menus are sent for review and approval and any recommendations are taken into account. “Although it’s not a legal requirement, most facilities do have the input of a dietitian as it is one thing closely scrutinised in the audit process,” she says. Sue Prowse, manager of Rosebank Rest Home and Hospital in Ashburton, says they have a registered dietitian reviewing the menu and making recommendations if required. Their meals are constantly audited by both internal and external processes. Prowse says it is a very useful way of maintaining quality control. “If we are lacking in some areas, like protein or calcium, for example, they inform us and suggest ideas on how we can improve on those areas. Internally, we measure plate wastage and food temperature.” Te Ata, a small independent rest home in Te Awamutu, relies on the auditing process revise anything lacking. A nurse at Te Ata believes strongly in quality control. “At the end of the day, it all comes down to audit process to ensure quality of care,” says a nurse at Te Ata. This emphasis on quality control is shared by general manager Andrew Russ. Employing a dietitian is another cost to factor in, but one that Petrina Turner-Benny, chief executive of Dietitians New Zealand, believes is definitely worth it. “In many cases it is a perceived cost,” she says. Turner-Benny says that many facilities fail to acknowledge the importance of including a dietitian
in their service. She says many do not understand that a dietitian can help to achieve savings on food costs as well as provide the expert input into the menu planning. When tube feeding or a special diet is required, a dietitian has prescribing rights and the specialist knowledge for assessment, treatment, and monitoring of the resident. Turner-Benny says Dietitians New Zealand is currently in the process of releasing a draft checklist to ensure optimal levels of nutrition in aged care facilities. The checklist is currently being discussed with a range of relevant bodies, including designated audit agencies and Standards New Zealand. A survey of aged care facilities will also shortly be under way, in order to better comprehend where the deficits in understanding of nutritional care lie.
the national resident, facility, and kitchen requirements for the menus. A criticism sometimes voiced about standardised menus is that the one-size-fits-all approach does not for allow for flexibility in the individual facilities or fully cater to the needs of individual residents. However, Bowden says a menu policy has also been developed at Oceania to outline areas for flexibility; for example, the facilities can provide food suitable for themed days while ensuring nutritional standards are maintained. She says individual resident requirements are maintained by dietary requirement forms completed by residents on admission to a facility and when requirements change. Facility managers take ownership of the kitchen outcomes by way of spot checks and food service audits.
staff and the importance of these requirements, and adherence to the standardised menus. Staff knowledge is important. A recent Otago University study about the dining environments in New Zealand rest homes found that common barriers to optimum nutrition for residents included menu changes by staff with inadequate nutritional knowledge, failing to provide adequate portion sizes to meet nutritional needs, and failing to get feedback from residents on meals. Turner-Benny, who has had experience in the rest home sector, agrees that training is an important aspect. She stresses the importance of an annual education programme for staff on food and nutrition. Rosebank in Ashburton is a good example of an organisation that takes education in this area
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This new generation will pose an increase of variation in the menus so that they do not develop food boredom. Choices are important.
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STANDARDISED MENUS
As expected, most large aged care facilities with multiple sites employ dietitians to ensure standards are met across their range of facilities. Bowden, Oceania’s dietitian, says Oceania maintains nutritional standards by the use of standardised menus and recipes designed and approved by a dietitian. This winter marks the launch of the third standardised menu for Oceania. Feedback systems have been established to understand
Bowden says that while the Bureau Veritas section on nutrition is useful in ensuring facilities keep necessary documentation, it is really just a snapshot of one moment in time and is unlikely to maintain nutritional standards or address ongoing quality control issues on a daily basis. To ensure that nutritional standards are consistently met requires ongoing assessments and processes, such as training, policies, manuals, understanding of residents’ nutritional requirements by kitchen
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seriously. Manager Sue Prowse, says training in nutrition is provided for staff along with food hygiene courses. The cooks take the food and hospitality unit standards.
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RESOURCES
Aged care providers certainly have a lot on their plates when it comes to menu planning. Meeting regulations and nutritional guidelines are only part of it. Providers and facility managers also need to ensure staff members have the necessary resources to Continued on page 8 >>
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EDUCATION SUCCESSES
user can also post to Twitter with follow-up questions
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Having a smokefree work environment also helps, and the last of the health services to go smokefree is mental health. Mental health and addiction service clients have much higher smoking rates than the national average – many using tobacco to ‘selfmedicate’ – and so do the nurses that care for them
Understanding nicotine addiction and withdrawal
August/September 2012 | www.insitemagazine.co.nz
Education Review suggests ten ways teachers can get more out of the Twitterverse.
While you need to go to twitter.com to register, most agree it is easier to manage the world of Twitter from a third-party client, like TweetDeck, a Twitter application that allows you to order various feeds into columns, one for activity (others’ tweets), one for interactions (when others mention, retweet, or follow you), and so on. TweetDeck allows you to organise Twitter feeds more to your liking.
THE DEMISE OF THE DESK
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LEGAL REQUIREMENTS
TWITTER TIPS FOR TEACHERS
RISE OF THE CHROMEBOOK
with too many tabs and places to click on. It also doesn’t auto-update and has to be auto-refreshed to display new tweets.
ARE SCHOOLS OPTING IN YET?
I
once read a letter in a magazine, of the agony aunt variety, from a young twenty-something wondering what to serve her visiting eighty-something grandmother to eat. Her preconceptions of ‘old people’s food’, drawn from her limited experience of care homes, included over-cooked vegetables, mash, meat in a stew or drowned in gravy, stewed fruit, and custard. The responses from the readers ranged from scathing to enraged. Didn’t Miss Whippersnapper know that older people enjoy the same sorts of food as younger generations? Didn’t she realise they enjoyed a variety of different foods from different origins? The heated, if rather lightweight, debate left me wondering about the difficulties that must confront the menu planners in aged care facilities. In addition to meeting legal nutritional requirements and the specific dietary needs of residents, they must also have to take into consideration the changing and varying taste preferences of older people.
CARER THEFT HIGHLIGHTS
A RECENT $37,500 theft from a rest home resident by her caregiver has sparked a call for tighter PIN and bank card security. The caregiver and her husband, who stole a large sum of money from 99-yearold rest home resident, Emilia Antunovich, were recently sentenced to 10 months in prison. Their case highlights the need for older people to take care with sensitive information such as PINs and passwords. Caregiver Ranita Devi and her husband, Ahlokh Chand, both 32, used Antunovich’s stolen bank card and PIN to withdraw $37,500 to pay for a cooking course, immigration fees, and daily household expenses. It was a lawyer who eventually noticed ATM transactions in March, and knowing Antunovich never used ATMs, raised the alarm. Devi gained access to Antunovich’s money as the PIN was kept in close proximity to the card.
Challenge for mental health services
(see smoking statistics sidebar). Missen says history provides an added challenge for mental health nurses in going smokefree. “They’ve worked in a culture where tobacco has been utilised as a tool to build rapport or reward behaviour and so forth,” she says. “So it’s quite an extreme change from historic practice.” Two years ago, Hawke’s Bay became one of the first DHB’s to have their acute and community mental health services go smokefree. “It would be pretty fair to say that it isn’t an easy smooth journey, and like any change process, you get resistance from some,” says Missen. “I still hear of people going smokefree at work and that’s leading into their home life and then into 24/7 and they become smokefree. Some are still persevering. “I hear over and over again of people trying again and again and again.”
SOCIAL MEDIA
FOR TEACHERS
ALL-OF-GOVERNMENT CONTRACTS:
JUDE BARBACK looks at how aged care facilities balance legal, nutritional, and specific dietary requirements with budget, resources, and changing taste preferences when it comes to menu planning.
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2013 / www.educationreview.co.nz
TWITTER TIPS
FOUR-YEAR CERTIFICATION
A MARK OF SUCCESS FOLLOWING AN AUDIT against the Health and Disability Services Standards, few care facilities are granted the maximum four-year certification period, an indication of very high quality care provided to residents. Bupa’s Parkhaven Care Home and Hospital in Mangere, Auckland, has recently joined the club of facilities with four-year certification following its recent audit. This marks the eighth Bupa care home with the four-year certification period. Of the 679 care homes in New Zealand, only 28 have achieved the four year status. Parkhaven’s recent certification means Bupa owns just under a third of those with four years. Bupa’s success echoes that of Presbyterian Support Otago Holmdene’s four-year certification announced earlier this year, gives five out of seven PSO rest homes four year status. Audits look at facilities’ compliance with 249 criteria, rating each as either unattained, partially, or fully attained. Continuous Improvement ratings are where the criterion is fully attained, with the service demonstrating continued review and improvement. Audit reports for all residential care facilities are available on the Ministry of Health website.
www.insitemagazine.co.nz | August/September 2012 3
ICT& Procurement
N4L: THE NETWORK IS NIGH
THE MENU?
METLIFECARE DEAL GOES THROUGH AT LAST
PERSONALISED REHAB
Employer backing needed
It is important for employers to encourage and support health professionals to be smokefree, says Carleine Receveur, the smokefree team leader at Hawke’s Bay District Health Board. Receveur gave a presentation on supporting smokefree health professionals to last year’s Health of the Health Professional Conference on behalf of nurse advocacy body Smokefree Nurses Aotearoa/ New Zealand. She points out the obvious reasons for employers to promote quitting – the wellbeing of your staff. On average, each smoker cuts short their life by 15 years and one out of every two smokers will die as a direct result of their smoking. Smoking also impacts on an organisation’s productivity and impacts on clients, as a smoking nurse may be less likely to raise the topic of quitting. Receveur again stresses that the message is not about judging but providing a supportive environment for quitting. What she and fellow Hawke’s Bay smokefree nurse Rebecca Missen have found is that campaigns aimed primarily at helping nurses support their patients quit indirectly help the nurse smokers themselves. “It’s actually made them think about their own personal habits and addictions around tobacco and they have made the choices to change as well,” says Receveur. Missen, the DHB’s smokefree project cocoordinator for mental health and addiction services, agrees and believes increased understanding of the addiction process is also a powerful tool to help people try quitting again. “People acknowledge it’s often a journey and relapse actually isn’t due to their own failings,” Missen says.
FIJI WORKING HOUR CHANGES ‘CONCERNING’
Nursing Review series Healthy year ahead 2012
WHAT’S ON
In village news
☛ GOT AN OPINION? Have your say online at www.insitemagazine.co.nz 2
Nurses know better than most that smoking is harmful, and yet still nurses smoke – less now than the general population but at far higher rates than their doctor colleagues. Why haven’t they given it up? Probably for the same reason why most people struggle to quit – nicotine is as an addictive a drug as heroin, cocaine, and alcohol. It just isn’t that easy. In recent years, there has been a national push for nurses and other health professionals to encourage and support patients to quit, including making it a national health target. The government has raised tobacco tax by 30 per cent in the past 18 months, and the Maori Affairs Select Committee inquiry into the tobacco industry ended with a call for a smokefree New Zealand by 2025. It has become a duty of care for nurses to promote tobacco control, leaving nurses who smoke feeling hypocritical. If nurses are to be role models, the New Zealand Nurses Organisation’s kaiwhakahaere Kerri Nuku has argued, supportive programmes have to be offered to help them quit without feeling guilty about their addiction. Compounding the issue, nurses who smoke are less likely to raise the topic of smoking and quitting with their patients. Smokefree nurse advocates agree the answer is not to judge but understand and support smoking colleagues in their journey to quitting. The fear of judgment makes many nurses avoid specialist quit services and try to go it alone, says Jennifer Percival, a UK nurse expert in quitting (see research story). The unaided quit success rate is only four per cent. However, Percival says many smokers, nurses amongst them, think they should be able to quit by themselves as ‘after all, it’s only smoking’ or ‘God, anyone can just stop’. “The truth is it’s an addiction and you can’t – and that’s what keeps people hooked in,” she says. “And you wouldn’t try to manage your diabetes on your own because you are a nurse and know a lot about it … you would go to a specialist.”
Q A
Nursing Review series Healthy year ahead 2012
News
A PILOT OF prescribing by diabetes nurse specialists was safe, effective, and popular with patients according to a newly-released evaluation report Health Workforce New Zealand publicly released the [Evaluation of the Diabetes Nurse Specialist Prescribing Project] report, in late February and said the project would now move to the “second phase”, with a new contract for rolling-out the pilot beyond the initial four sites likely to start before the winter. The new contract was likely to focus on supporting primary care nurses. The report examined the six-month pilot held between April and September last year in demonstration sites in Auckland, Hawke’s Bay, Palmerston North, and the Hutt Valley. These sites involved 11 diabetes nurse specialists (DNS) authorised to prescribe under a new Nursing Council regulation and one prescribing nurse practitioner. Analysis of the data found no adverse events or hospitalisations attributable to DNS prescribing. The clinical audit by the project physicians found the prescribing was “clinically appropriate” and patient outcomes remained stable and showed an overall improvement in blood sugar results. The evaluation report, carried out by Massey University, said the evaluation suggested that DNS prescribing contributed to an effective specialist diabetes service but the time frame was too short to enable productivity gains to be measured. Patients reported high levels of confidence in DNS prescribing decisions and consultations and found DNS prescribing more convenient and generally quicker and cheaper.
About one in seven nurses smoke. Should they know better? Quitting is easier said than done. FIONA CASSIE talks to smokefree nurse advocates and nurse smokers about the battle to quit.
Q
Q A
Prescribing pilot report gives thumbs up
Nurses and smoking: where does duty of care end?
NEWS
To
When and why did you decide to become a nurse? Sometime in my adolescence, I attended a holiday programme introducing young people to nursing at Hokitika’s Westland Hospital. I enjoyed the week working alongside a registered nurse in the orthopaedic ward (it’s true, they did offer orthopaedic services in Hokitika in the 1970s!). I had intended to train at the Base Hospital, Greymouth, but at the last minute, a friend and I enrolled at Christchurch Polytechnic in its first ever comprehensive nursing programme.
Do patients know best? How do you exert influence?
www.nursingreview.co.nz
Have you ever wanted to give up nursing and why? No, although I was happy to take time-off to share care of our three children with Ian.
Q A
PRACTICE, PEOPLE & POLICY Apprenticeship model back?
RRR learning activity looks at “work life balance”
So much to do and so little time …
Other qualifications/professional roles? Masters in Delivery of Nursing Service, New York University and PhD, Victoria University of Wellington. Thesis: Critical social analysis of inpatient mental health nursing following an action research project
Post-op blood transfusions
NEW PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT:
FOCUS: Each year many of us get to March and find good intentions for changing old habits or creating new ones have waned or failed as the daily grind kicks in. This edition focuses both on nurses “walking the talk” of health promotion and valuing their own health and wellbeing.
We profile a leading nurse, covering their background – training and work history, and also give their personal insights into having a rewarding career.
Q A Q A
A round-up of national and international nursing news
For the record
Healthy year ahead
FOCUS
NEW ZEALAND’S INDEPENDENT NURSING SERIES
FOCUS ■ Healthy year ahead
JOB TITLE | Chief Nurse, Ministry of Health
FOCUS
Nursing Review VOL 12 ISSUE 9 2012
Photo: Gelnn Mclelland
Healthy year ahead walking the talk, a healthy kickstart to 2012
the number of people potentially who could respond with answers. Before creating a hashtag, it is a good idea to purpose other than the one you intended. Then, to create a hashtag, all you need to do is type it into your tweet.
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JOIN THE #EDCHATNZ CLUB
Every Thursday night at 9pm, teachers and anyone interested can jump onto Twitter and join the discussions at #edchatNZ. It’s a great way for teachers to connect with each other and share ideas. Taking part in #edchatNZ is simple – all you need to do is go to www.twitter.com, create a free account, and type #edchatNZ in the search bar. Now there is a spin-off version for students: #kidsedchatnz, held every
SIGNS OF A WORLD-CLASS EDUCATION 8
Tweetedtimes.com is a real-time personalised newspaper that’s generated from your Twitter account. Contents are
MAKE USE OF LISTS
Twitter’s list feature allows you to group people based on any criteria you want for the purposes of reading their tweets. You can also subscribe to lists created by others by clicking on ‘lists’ when checking you’d like to join and click Subscribe. The list feature can be used in Twitter or TweetDeck.
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SAVING TWEETS FOR A RAINY DAY Although Twitter offers a Favorites feature
they’re public. There are other, more private, mechanisms for saving tweets. Diigo.com is one way users can save their favourite tweets. Getpocket.com is another; it allows users to
Ask the students, ‘what’s the best thing about
message. paper.li also pulls in content from Twitter as well as other sources such as Facebook, Google+, YouTube, and RSS feeds.
THE RISE OF #KIDSEDCHATNZ
hashtags.
#kidsedchatnz is gaining momentum.
allowing you to create personalised digital magazines sharing content of interest from multiple sites and providing ideas that might be worth sharing on Twitter.
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in a #kidsedchatnz on Twitter.
TEACHING WITH TWITTER
There are many ways teachers can use Twitter in the classroom and there are entire websites and publications devoted to the practice, but here are a few. Teachers can use aspects of microblogging in their teaching. The art of ‘summing up’ is a good place to start. Students can read an article or chapter and then post their summary with a limit of 140 characters. Other teachers have encouraged students to follow the tweets of a
FOCUS ON FOLLOWING NOT FOLLOWERS
6
STONEFIELDS SCHOOL: BREAKTHROUGH PROJECT
DON’T BE A BORING TWEETER
5
It’s easy to become preoccupied with the number of followers you have, but what is really more important is the number of people you follow yourself – and the quality of their tweets.
Amid a fairly tumultuous year for New Zealand education lurk many, many examples of positive, inspiring learning initiatives. Education Review plucks a few stories to share with readers who will no doubt be able to relate to all the good stuff that’s happening in our schools.
put tweets, videos, articles and other digital objects into a “pocket” for later. An Evernote account can also be connected with a Twitter account and you just need to add @myEN to any public tweet to have is saved.
event, such as politicians in the build-
learning and so on, we need to teach our children how to use social media responsibly.
MUTUKAROA SCHOOL: A WHOLE NEW TAKE ON HOME-SCHOOL PARTNERSHIPS
Year 5 student at Henderson North School. #kidsedchatnz gives the kids an authentic audience to share their learning. Fivekeep working hard.
variation on that idea is to develop a ‘time tweet’, whereby students and create a twitter account from them, writing regular tweets in the appropriate vocabulary. Progressive collaborative writing (micro writing) on Twitter can also be achieved when students agree to take it in turns to contribute to an account or ‘story’ over a period of time.
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reading tweets, asking/answering questions, communicating with others, and/ responsible when using the internet, while learning.
learning!” Someone once tweeted that every class in New Zealand should be involved in
Barbara Ala’alatoa and Ariana Williams
THE ART OF PITHINESS
Even though 140 characters dictates succinctness, the adage ‘less is more’ is certainly true for Twitter. Aim to keep tweets as concise as possible. Many people receive thousands of tweets every day so don’t feel compelled to use up all of the 140 characters. Using sites like bitly.com can help to shorten links to keep messages brief. Adapted largely from ‘Twitter Tips for Educators’’ by Dian Schaffhauser and her discussions with instructional technologist Steven Anderson.
give them a chance. #kidsedchatnz is one way that kids can unlock their ability to be amazing and teach other people about our Adventure Learning.”
@PascalDresse.
EDUCATION REVIEWseries ICT & Procurement 2013
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3 Barbara la Grange {DESIGN EXAMPLES} APN Educational Media’s Nursing Review, INsite Magazine & the Education Review series: art director, web design
EDUCATION REVIEW NZ Teacher 2013
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4 Barbara la Grange {DESIGN EXAMPLES} ClubCard, 900 000 print-run loyalty magazine for large home & beauty store: art director, product and cover stylist, supplements & mini-mags
How do you juggle lecturing at Lincoln with running your dairy farming businesses?
I do a lot of things to a poor standard – work seven days a week and don’t take holidays! Seriously, I do spend a lot of time organising my days, classes and businesses. My wife says I’m a workaholic, but I prefer to think that I really enjoy what I do, so it is not work.
I struggle with theory and in my research prefer projects of a practical nature.
I grew up on a dairy farm in Oregon, USA and while attending Oregon State University was selected to participate in an exchange programme with Lincoln College. I went back home to Oregon a year later with an interest in New Zealand dairy farming and farm management (and my Kiwi girlfriend
Q
I imagine the knowledge gained from rural banking and farming is certainly transferable to lecturing in farm management, however would you say there are any transferable skills in the different vocations?
Part of the
agricultural education and in 1977 completed a masters in dairy production and agricultural economics. We returned to New Zealand in 1978 for my wife (the Kiwi girlfriend!) to complete her BAgSci degree and I found work at Lincoln and on local dairy farms. After the obligatory trip through Europe which my wife as a New Zealander had to complete, we ended up in banking careers in Washington State near the Canadian border. Over the next eight years we built up capital through remodelling houses and investing in New Zealand cattle (with the help of a famous dairy farmer/playwright by the name of Al Hitchcock). The economic restructuring of the New Zealand economy gave us the opportunity to obtain a 50/50 sharemilking job, so in 1987 we returned to New Zealand to pursue a dairy farming career. The business has grown to two farms, each milking 550 cows, with a third farm used to support the dairy farms.
A
That’s an interesting question as I’ve always felt that the skills I used in managing a loan portfolio, a farm and a university class
due to the uncertainty caused by the weather. I was taught and and monitoring. I would add that over the years I have learned to appreciate communication and honesty – the best leaders I have worked with in all three careers were the ones who were completely honest about a situation and communicated problems and opportunities well.
What elements of lecturing and academia do you most and least enjoy?
How have your experiences in dairy farming and banking helped you to become a better lecturer and teacher?
I enjoy lectures where I get a certain amount of interaction from the students. My classes are largely involved with case study projects and I get a particular sense of satisfaction watching the improvement in writing and analysis as the year progresses. I also enjoy conducting small research projects and communicating results to industry groups. On the negative side, the marking of case study projects can take a lot of time.
Working in banking as an agricultural lender was an excellent learning
ARE SCHOOLS OPTING IN YET?
THE DEMISE OF THE DESK
ARE MODERN LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS THE WAY FORWARD? >> NZ Teacher >> Leadership & PD >> PostGrad Education >> ICT & Procurement >> PostGrad & Research
Ways
What’s next on the horizon for you?
dissertation comparing the growth of the Canterbury dairy industry (10 per cent per year for the last 20 years) to existing theories on the development of new industries. I hope the research will identify factors from Canterbury dairy industry growth that will be applicable in a world that is going to need to produce more food. N
EDUCATION REVIEW Leadership and Professional Development 2011
EDUCATION REVIEW Leadership and Professional Development 2011
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REALLY REALLY IMPORTANT STUFF ABOUT GETTING A JOB
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N ĂŠ 9ÂœĂ•Ă€ĂŠ ÂˆÂ˜ĂŒiĂ€Ă›ÂˆiĂœiÀÊ ĂœÂˆÂ?Â?ĂŠ ÂŤĂ€ÂœL>LÂ?ÞÊ >ĂƒÂŽĂŠ ˆvĂŠ ĂžÂœĂ•ĂŠ Â…>Ă›iĂŠ >Â˜ĂžĂŠ ¾ÕiĂƒĂŒÂˆÂœÂ˜ĂƒĂŠ >˜`ĂŠ ĂžÂœĂ•ĂŠĂƒÂ…ÂœĂ•Â?`ĂŠ`iwÂ˜ÂˆĂŒiÂ?Þʅ>Ă›iĂŠĂƒÂœÂ“iĂŠÂŤĂ€iÂŤ>Ă€i`°Ê1ĂƒiĂŠĂžÂœĂ•Ă€ĂŠĂ€iĂƒi>Ă€VÂ…ĂŠĂŒÂœĂŠ>ĂƒÂŽĂŠ ¾ÕiĂƒĂŒÂˆÂœÂ˜ĂƒĂŠ>LÂœĂ•ĂŒĂŠĂŒÂ…iĂŠVÂœÂ“ÂŤ>Â˜ĂžĂŠ>˜`ĂŠĂŒÂ…iĂŠÂŤÂœĂƒÂˆĂŒÂˆÂœÂ˜ĂŠqĂŠĂƒiiĂŠLĂ€i>ÂŽÂœĂ•ĂŒĂŠLÂœĂ?°
/ " ĂŠ " 9 /Â…iĂ€iÂ˝ĂƒĂŠ>Â˜ĂŠÂœÂ?`ĂŠ>`>}iĂŠĂŒÂ…>ĂŒĂŠĂŒÂ…iĂŠÂŤ>Ă€ĂŒĂžĂŠĂŒÂ…>ĂŒĂŠwĂ€ĂƒĂŒĂŠyÂœ>ĂŒĂƒĂŠ>ĂŠ`ÂœÂ?Â?>ÀÊw}Ă•Ă€iĂŠÂ?ÂœĂƒiĂƒĂŠ>ĂŠÂ?ÂœĂŒĂŠÂœvĂŠĂŒÂ…iĂŠ L>Ă€}>ˆ˜ˆ˜}ĂŠÂŤÂœĂœiÀ°Ê œ‡œ˜iĂŠÂˆĂƒĂŠĂƒĂ•Ă€iĂŠĂœÂ…Ăž]ĂŠLĂ•ĂŒĂŠÂˆĂŒÂ˝ĂƒĂŠĂœÂˆ`iÂ?ÞÊÊLiÂ?ˆiĂ›i`ĂŠĂŒÂœĂŠLiĂŠĂŒÂ…iĂŠĂƒĂŒÂœĂ€ĂžÂ°ĂŠ vĂŠ ĂžÂœĂ•ĂŠ>Ă€iĂŠvÂœĂ€Vi`ĂŠÂˆÂ˜ĂŒÂœĂŠÂ“iÂ˜ĂŒÂˆÂœÂ˜ÂˆÂ˜}ĂŠ>ĂŠw}Ă•Ă€i]ĂŠĂƒ>ĂžĂŠĂƒÂœÂ“iĂŒÂ…ÂˆÂ˜}ĂŠÂ?ˆŽiĂŠÂşĂƒÂœÂ“iĂœÂ…iĂ€iĂŠĂœÂˆĂŒÂ…ÂˆÂ˜ĂŠ ĂŒÂ…iĂŠ ˆ˜`Ă•ĂƒĂŒĂ€ĂžĂŠ Ă€>˜}i]ĂŠ LĂ•ĂŒĂŠ ½`ĂŠ ˜ii`ĂŠ Ă€i}Ă•Â?>ÀÊ Ă€iĂ›ÂˆiĂœĂƒÂťÂ°ĂŠ ĂŒÂ˝ĂƒĂŠ >ĂŠ ÂŤiĂ€viVĂŒÂ?ÞÊ Ă€i>ĂƒÂœÂ˜>LÂ?iĂŠ ĂŒÂ…ÂˆÂ˜}ĂŠĂŒÂœĂŠĂƒ>ÞÊ>˜`ĂŠÂ?i>Ă›iĂƒĂŠĂžÂœĂ•ĂŠĂœÂˆĂŒÂ…ĂŠĂ€ÂœÂœÂ“ĂŠĂŒÂœĂŠÂ“ÂœĂ›i° ,i“i“LiĂ€ĂŠĂŒÂ…>ĂŒĂŠÂˆĂŒÂ˝ĂƒĂŠ>ĂŠÂ?ÂœĂŒĂŠi>ĂƒÂˆiĂ€ĂŠĂŒÂœĂŠÂ˜i}ÂœĂŒÂˆ>ĂŒiĂŠ>ĂŠĂƒ>Â?>ÀÞÊ / ,ĂŠĂžÂœĂ•Â˝Ă›iĂŠ>VViÂŤĂŒi`ĂŠ ĂŒÂ…iĂŠÂ?ÂœL° ,iĂƒi>Ă€VÂ…ĂŠĂŒÂ…iĂŠVÂœÂ“ÂŤ>Â˜ĂžĂŠĂŒÂœĂŠw˜`ĂŠÂœĂ•ĂŒĂŠĂœÂ…>ĂŒĂŠĂƒÂœĂ€ĂŒĂŠÂœvĂŠĂƒ>Â?>Ă€ÂˆiĂƒĂŠĂŒÂ…iĂžĂŠÂœvviÀ°Ê9ÂœĂ•ĂŠÂ“Âˆ}Â…ĂŒĂŠ Â…>Ă›iĂŠĂŒÂœĂŠĂŠLiĂŠĂƒÂ˜i>ŽÞÊ>˜`ĂŠV>Â?Â?ĂŠĂ•ÂŤĂŠ>ĂŠviĂœĂŠ>}i˜VˆiĂƒĂŠĂŒÂœĂŠ}iĂŒĂŠĂŒÂ…iĂŠ}ÂœĂƒĂƒÂˆÂŤÂ°ĂŠ Â?ĂƒÂœĂŠĂƒiiĂŠÂˆvĂŠĂžÂœĂ•Ă€ĂŠ ĂƒÂŽÂˆÂ?Â?ĂƒĂŠ>Ă€iĂŠÂˆÂ˜ĂŠ`i“>˜`ĂŠĂŠÂˆÂ˜ĂŠĂŒÂ…iʓ>ÀŽiĂŒĂŠ>ĂŒĂŠĂŒÂ…iĂŠÂ“ÂœÂ“iÂ˜ĂŒÂ°ĂŠĂŠ -œ“iĂŒÂˆÂ“iĂƒĂŠÂˆĂŒÂ˝ĂƒĂŠ>Â?Â?ĂŠ>ĂŠ “>ĂŒĂŒiĂ€ĂŠÂœvĂŠĂŒÂˆÂ“ÂˆÂ˜}°Ê vĂŠĂŒÂ…iĂ€iĂŠÂˆĂƒĂŠÂ…Âˆ}Â…ĂŠ Ă•Â˜i“Â?ÂœĂžÂ“iÂ˜ĂŒĂŠĂŒÂ…iÂ˜ĂŠ Ăœ>}iĂƒĂŠĂœÂˆÂ?Â?ĂŠLiĂŠÂ?ÂœĂœiÀ°Ê iĂŠ>Ăœ>Ă€iĂŠÂœvĂŠĂœÂ…>ĂŒÂ˝ĂƒĂŠ}œˆ˜}ĂŠÂœÂ˜ĂŠÂˆÂ˜ĂŠĂŒÂ…iĂŠÂ?>LÂœĂ•Ă€ĂŠÂ“>ÀŽiĂŒÂ°ĂŠ
"UY YOUR BOOKS SECOND HAND IF YOU CAN AND SELL YOUR OLD BOOKS EITHER THROUGH DEPARTMENT NOTICEBOARDS OR THROUGH THE CAMPUS BOOK STORE
Ê ĂŠ,i“i“LiĂ€]ĂŠÂˆĂŒÂ˝ĂƒĂŠĂ€i>Â?Â?ĂžĂŠÂˆÂ“ÂŤÂœĂ€ĂŒ>Â˜ĂŒĂŠĂŒÂœĂŠ}iĂŒĂŠĂƒÂœÂ“iĂŠĂƒĂ•ÂŤÂŤÂœĂ€ĂŒĂŠÂˆvĂŠĂžÂœĂ•ĂŠviiÂ?ĂŠĂžÂœĂ•ĂŠ>Ă€iÂ˜Â˝ĂŒĂŠ “>˜>}ˆ˜}ĂŠw˜>˜Vˆ>Â?Â?Þ°Ê/>Â?ÂŽĂŠĂŒÂœĂŠĂžÂœĂ•Ă€ĂŠL>˜Ž]ĂŠĂžÂœĂ•Ă€ĂŠĂƒĂŒĂ•`iÂ˜ĂŒĂŠ>`Ă›ÂˆĂƒÂœĂ€ĂžĂŠĂƒiĂ€Ă›ÂˆVi]ĂŠ ĂžÂœĂ•Ă€ĂŠÂŤ>Ă€iÂ˜ĂŒĂƒ]ĂŠĂžÂœĂ•Ă€ĂŠvĂ€Âˆi˜`ĂƒÂ°ĂŠ ÂœLÂœ`ĂžĂŠĂœ>Â˜ĂŒĂƒĂŠĂŒÂœĂŠĂƒiiĂŠĂžÂœĂ•ĂŠ`Ă€ÂœĂœÂ˜ÂˆÂ˜}ĂŠÂˆÂ˜ĂŠ`iLĂŒĂŠ >˜`ĂŠÂ…iÂ?ÂŤĂŠÂˆĂƒĂŠÂœĂ•ĂŒĂŠĂŒÂ…iĂ€iĂŠÂˆvĂŠĂžÂœĂ•ĂŠ>ĂƒÂŽĂŠvÂœĂ€ĂŠÂˆĂŒÂ°ĂŠ ÂœÂœÂŽĂŠ>ĂŒĂŠĂœĂœĂœÂ°ĂƒÂœĂ€ĂŒi`Â°ÂœĂ€}Â°Â˜Ă˘ĂŠvÂœĂ€ĂŠĂƒÂœÂ“iĂŠ }Ă•Âˆ`>˜Vi°
[22] JET / Career Guide 2010 / www.jetmag.co.nz
[20] JET / Career Guide 2010 / www.jetmag.co.nz
N ,iĂƒi>Ă€VÂ…ĂŠĂŒÂ…iĂŠi“Â?ÂœĂžiĂ€ĂŠĂŒÂ…ÂœĂ€ÂœĂ•}Â…Â?ÞÊLĂžĂŠĂŒĂ€>ĂœÂ?ˆ˜}ĂŠĂŒÂ…Ă€ÂœĂ•}Â…ĂŠÂ˜iĂœĂƒÂŤ>ÂŤiĂ€ĂƒĂŠ >˜`ĂŠÂœĂŒÂ…iÀʓi`ˆ>ĂŠĂ€iÂŤÂœĂ€ĂŒĂƒĂŠ>˜`ĂŠĂ›ÂˆĂƒÂˆĂŒÂˆÂ˜}ĂŠĂŒÂ…iĂŠVÂœÂ“ÂŤ>Â˜ĂžÂ˝ĂƒĂŠĂœiLĂƒÂˆĂŒi°Ê"LĂŒ>ÂˆÂ˜ĂŠ >ĂŠVÂœÂŤĂžĂŠÂœvĂŠĂŒÂ…iĂŠÂ“ÂœĂƒĂŒĂŠĂ€iViÂ˜ĂŒĂŠ>Â˜Â˜Ă•>Â?ĂŠĂ€iÂŤÂœĂ€ĂŒÂ°ĂŠ/>Â?ÂŽĂŠĂŒÂœĂŠ>Â˜ĂžÂœÂ˜iĂŠĂžÂœĂ•ĂŠÂŽÂ˜ÂœĂœĂŠ ĂœÂ…ÂœĂŠÂ…>ĂƒĂŠĂœÂœĂ€ÂŽi`ĂŠvÂœĂ€ĂŠĂŒÂ…iĂŠVÂœÂ“ÂŤ>Â˜ĂžĂŠÂœĂ€ĂŠĂœÂˆĂŒÂ…ĂŠĂŒÂ…iĂŠVÂœÂ“ÂŤ>Â˜ĂžÂ°
19ĂŠ7 - 9
great question. Well, ‘cheap’ is obvious, but ‘skate’ less so. But it has nothing to do with roller-skates. One suggestion is that a ‘skate’, in this sense, was originally a Scottish derogatory word for a person. the word can be found in a form in good old aotearoa – as a skite (someone who goes on and on about their own achievements).
Â…iĂŠ Â“ÂœĂ€iĂŠ ÂˆÂ˜ĂŒiĂ€Ă›ÂˆiĂœĂƒĂŠ ĂžÂœĂ•ĂŠ `Âœ]ĂŠ ĂŒÂ…iĂŠ LiĂŒĂŒiÀÊ ĂžÂœĂ•Â˝Â?Â?ĂŠ LiVœ“i°Ê ÂœÂ˜Â˝ĂŒĂŠ LiĂŠ ĂƒV>Ă€i`]ĂŠĂžÂœĂ•Â˝Â?Â?ĂŠLiĂŠÂœĂ•ĂŒ>ĂŠĂŒÂ…iĂ€iĂŠÂˆÂ˜ĂŠ>ĂŠviĂœĂŠÂ“ÂˆÂ˜Ă•ĂŒiĂƒÂ°ĂŠ,iÂ?>Ă?ĂŠ>˜`ĂŠĂŒĂ€ĂžĂŠ>˜`ĂŠ i˜Â?ÂœĂžĂŠÂˆĂŒÂ°ĂŠ Â˜ĂŠv>VĂŒ]ĂŠÂˆĂŒÂ˝ĂƒĂŠÂœÂ˜iĂŠÂœvĂŠĂŒÂ…iĂŠÂœÂ˜Â?ĂžĂŠĂŒÂˆÂ“iĂƒĂŠÂˆÂ˜ĂŠÂ?ˆviĂŠĂžÂœĂ•Â˝Ă€iĂŠ>Â?Â?ÂœĂœi`ĂŠĂŒÂœĂŠ}ÂœĂŠÂœÂ˜ĂŠ>˜`ĂŠÂœÂ˜ĂŠ >LÂœĂ•ĂŒĂŠĂžÂœĂ•Ă€ĂƒiÂ?v°Ê/Â…ÂˆÂ˜ÂŽĂŠÂœvĂŠÂˆĂŒĂŠ>ĂƒĂŠvĂ•Â˜Â°ĂŠ-iĂ€ÂˆÂœĂ•ĂƒÂ?ÞÊqĂŠÂˆĂŒÂ˝Â?Â?ĂŠÂ…iÂ?° ÂœĂœiĂ›iĂ€]ĂŠvÂœĂ€ĂŠĂƒÂœÂ“iĂŠÂŤiÂœÂŤÂ?i]ĂŠÂˆĂŒÂ˝ĂƒĂŠ>ĂŠÂ˜iÀÛi‡À>VŽˆ˜}ĂŠiĂ?ÂŤiĂ€Âˆi˜Vi°Ê Ă•ĂŒĂŠÂˆvĂŠĂžÂœĂ•ĂŠ >Ă€iĂŠÂŤĂ€iÂŤ>Ă€i`ĂŠvÂœĂ€ĂŠ>Â˜ĂŠÂˆÂ˜ĂŒiĂ€Ă›ÂˆiĂœĂŠĂžÂœĂ•ĂŠĂœÂˆÂ?Â?ĂŠÂ…>Ă›iʓÕVÂ…ĂŠÂ?iĂƒĂƒĂŠĂŒÂœĂŠĂœÂœĂ€Ă€ĂžĂŠ>LÂœĂ•ĂŒÂ°ĂŠ
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iĂŒĂŠ>ĂŠ}œœ`ĂŠÂŤÂ…ÂœÂ˜iĂŠ`i>Â?°Ê )F YOU RE GOING TO BE CALLING HOME A LOT MAKE SURE YOU VE GOT A CHEAP PLAN 4EXT MORE TALK LESS AND OPT FOR PAY AS YOU GO TO KEEP YOUR BILL TO A MINIMUM
)NSTEAD OF PAYING FOR THE GYM !.$ TRANSPORT TRY JOGGING WALKING OR CYCLING TO WORK OR STUDY 9OU LL SAVE TIME MONEY AND GET lT N
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ÂœÂ˜Â˝ĂŒĂŠ LiĂŠ >vĂ€>ˆ`ĂŠ ĂŒÂœĂŠ >ĂƒÂŽĂŠ ¾ÕiĂƒĂŒÂˆÂœÂ˜ĂƒĂŠ qĂŠ Â˜ÂœĂŠ “>ĂŒĂŒiÀÊ Â…ÂœĂœĂŠ ĂƒÂˆÂ?Â?ÞÊ ĂžÂœĂ•ĂŠ “ˆ}Â…ĂŒĂŠĂŒÂ…ÂˆÂ˜ÂŽĂŠĂŒÂ…iÞÊ>Ă€i°Ê ĂƒÂŽĂŠvÂœĂ€ĂŠÂ…iÂ?ÂŤĂŠÂˆvĂŠĂžÂœĂ•ĂŠ}iĂŒĂŠĂƒĂŒĂ•VŽ°Ê ,i“i“LiĂ€]ĂŠ ĂŒÂ…iĂŠ ÂˆÂ˜ĂŒÂˆÂ“Âˆ`>ĂŒÂˆÂ˜}ĂŠ ÂŤiĂ€ĂƒÂœÂ˜ĂŠ ĂœÂ…ÂœĂŠ ÂˆĂƒĂŠ ÂˆÂ˜ĂŒiĂ€Ă›ÂˆiĂœÂˆÂ˜}ĂŠ ĂžÂœĂ•ĂŠĂœ>ĂƒĂŠÂœÂ˜ViĂŠÂˆÂ˜ĂŠĂŒÂ…iĂŠĂƒ>“iĂŠÂŤÂœĂƒÂˆĂŒÂˆÂœÂ˜ĂŠĂžÂœĂ•Â˝Ă€iĂŠÂˆÂ˜ĂŠÂ˜ÂœĂœĂŠqĂŠ>ĂŠĂžÂœĂ•Â˜}ĂŠ ÂŤĂ•Â˜ÂŽĂŠw˜`ˆ˜}ĂŠĂŒÂ…iÂˆĂ€ĂŠviiĂŒÂ°ĂŠ ˜`ĂŠĂŒÂ…iĂžĂŠÂŽÂ˜ÂœĂœĂŠĂŒÂ…>ĂŒ]ĂŠĂƒÂœĂŠLiĂŠÂ…ÂœÂ˜iĂƒĂŒĂŠ>˜`ĂŠ VÂ?i>À°Ê /Ă€i>ĂŒĂŠÂ?œœŽˆ˜}ĂŠvÂœĂ€ĂŠĂœÂœĂ€ÂŽĂŠ>ĂƒĂŠ>ĂŠÂ?ÂœLĂŠÂˆÂ˜ĂŠÂˆĂŒĂƒiÂ?v°Ê iĂŒĂŠĂ•ÂŤĂŠi>Ă€Â?ÞÊ>˜`ĂŠ}ÂœĂŠ ĂŒÂ…Ă€ÂœĂ•}Â…ĂŠĂžÂœĂ•Ă€ĂŠĂ€ÂœĂ•ĂŒÂˆÂ˜iĂƒÂ°ĂŠ*Ă•ĂŒĂŒÂˆÂ˜}ĂŠÂˆÂ˜ĂŠĂŒÂ…iĂŠÂ…ÂœĂ•Ă€ĂƒĂŠĂœÂˆÂ?Â?ĂŠLĂ€ÂˆÂ˜}ĂŠĂ€iĂœ>Ă€`Ăƒ]ĂŠ >˜`ĂŠ w˜`ˆ˜}ĂŠ >ĂŠ }œœ`ĂŠ ÂŤ>ĂŒÂ…ĂŠ i>Ă€Â?ÞÊ ĂœÂˆÂ?Â?ĂŠ ĂƒiĂŒĂŠ ĂžÂœĂ•ĂŠ Ă•ÂŤĂŠ vÂœĂ€ĂŠ Ăži>Ă€ĂƒĂŠ ĂŒÂœĂŠ Vœ“i°Ê9ÂœĂ•ĂŠÂ“Âˆ}Â…ĂŒĂŠiĂ›iÂ˜ĂŠ`ÂˆĂƒVÂœĂ›iĂ€ĂŠĂŒÂ…iĂŠĂƒiVĂ€iĂŒĂŠÂ“ÂœĂƒĂŒĂŠÂŤiÂœÂŤÂ?iĂŠÂ˜iĂ›iÀÊ Â?i>Ă€Â˜ĂŠqĂŠĂœÂœĂ€ÂŽĂŠÂˆĂƒĂŠvĂ•Â˜ĂŠoĂŠÂˆvĂŠĂžÂœĂ•ĂŠw˜`ĂŠĂŒÂ…iĂŠÂ?ÂœLĂŠĂžÂœĂ•ĂŠĂœ>Â˜ĂŒÂ°ĂŠĂŠ
A choice generAtion
Your generation has more choices than any generation before. Some say this makes you lucky, others say it’s a curse. Just look at how hard it is to choose a mobile phone – you’ve got brands and rate plans and models and ring-tones and screensavers! the generation before you had the choice of one phone rented from the choice of one phone company and the only time it was ever mobile was when your uncle was helping you move a sofa and the fool knocked the phone off the wall by accident. having all this choice can actually make things harder. Making things even harder is the fact that your generation (by the way, you’re called ‘generation Y’) chooses its career direction for complicated reasons that include passion, interest and meaning. Believe it or not, this is quite a new phenomena. the JET Career Guide will help you negotiate the minefield of choices, but we don’t promise that you’ll get through in one easy pass. Life, choices and people change. it’s not failing, it’s just evolving and developing. opportunities present themselves, so JET believes it’s important to keep your options open so that you can make the choices you want°
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FYI
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Help! I am being held prisoner in a fortune cookie factory.
BaCkGround homework Ask Around People you know may be able to help you in unexpected ways. Even if they can’t help you secure the job you want, they will almost certainly have valuable advice for you based on their life experience. Also, don’t forget that people who can’t help directly will often know people who can. once you’ve talked to all the people you know, it’s time to talk to those people you don’t know – those in a position to give you good advice: careers advisors, recruiters, industry experts and anyone else who knows about the job. Picking up the phone and making that first call is always nerve-racking, but it gets a lot easier afterwards. It’s just some character on the phone somewhere, not a monster. If they are too busy to help then they’ll just say so and probably arrange another time to call. If someone actually minds you calling to chat about your career chances (which no-one probably will) then they have a problem and should get over themselves.
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MakE EyE conTacT Make eye contact. Make eye contact, you have nothing to hide. Make eye contact, you are who you are. Seriously, make eye contact.
BE cluEd uP Monitor changes in the job market, recruitment practices, the organisations you want to work for and the trend in the culture of jobhunting. Go online for up-to-the-minute news in these areas.
If you’ve taken the trouble with your cV and cover letter, you might be asked to an interview. relax, it’s not a prison sentence. It’s an interview.
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SECTOR PROFILES:
growing, building, ďŹ xing, presenting, playing, powering, helping, servicing, making, motoring ‌
Get into industry training MODERN & YOUTH APPRENTICESHIPS
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N 7HAT ACCOUNTS FOR SUCCESS WITHIN THIS ORGANISATION
N )N WHAT WAYS HAS THIS ORGANISATION BEEN MOST SUCCESSFUL IN TERMS OF PRODUCTS AND SERVICES OVER THE YEARS
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4HERE ARE LOADS OF DISTANCE AND ONLINE EDUCATION PROVIDERS IN .EW :EALAND -ANY UNIVERSITIES )40S AND PRIVATE ESTABLISHMENTS RUN SOME COURSES BY DISTANCE "UT THERE ARE TWO BIG WIGS s 4HE /PEN 0OLYTECHNIC OF .EW :EALAND n WWW OPENPOLYTECHNIC AC NZ s -ASSEY 5NIVERSITY %XTRAMURAL n HTTP EXTRAMURAL MASSEY AC NZ -!33%9 JET / Study Guide [31]
[30] JET / Study Guide
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Q A
Over the next few years we have several development programmes happening on the farms to make them better places for cows, people and the environment. To accomplish these goals, we (like many dairy farmers) will spend over $1 million and a lot of time. At Lincoln I will continue to teach and hope to
Youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re a what?
[2011]
months in a bank than you will in four years at university. I dealt with about 100 farmers who taught me about farming, running a business, communication and honesty. Many I dealt with on a very personal basis, as lenders are important to the pursuit of farming couplesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; dreams. I left my desk on a Friday and was a sharemilker in New Zealand two days later. Needless to say, moving from the comfortable life of a banker to a struggling sharemilker was a cultural experience. There is no education or career that can prepare you to be a large herd operator in the New Zealand dairy industry. You deal on a daily basis with the vagaries of biological systems, climate, labour, regulatory authorities and an ever-changing industry. What these two occupations have contributed to any success I have as a teacher are through empathy and respect for my fellow human beings. We are not all equal in our abilities, but everyone has a talent and a story to tell. I see it as my job to bring my experiences to class, to help the future farmers of New Zealand develop their particular talents. I strive to teach them not only about farming and running a business, but also about the total environment in which they will operate. This includes running a farming system that is sustainable for animals, people and the environment.
20
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What prompted you to move to New Zealand from your native USA and become a lecturer in farm management at Lincoln University?
A
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Do you consider yourself a â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;farmer who lecturesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; or a â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;lecturer who farmsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;? Or have you found your calling in academia?
â&#x20AC;&#x153;
Q
Q A
9
JUDE BARBACK talks to MARVIN PANGBORN about how he found his way from dairy farming to lecturing.
FOR TEACHERS
N 7HAT FREEDOM WOULD ) HAVE IN DETERMINING MY OWN WORK OBJECTIVES DEADLINES AND METHODS OF MEASUREMENT
â&#x20AC;&#x153;howtobewhat youwanttobeâ&#x20AC;?
N 7HAT ADVANCEMENT OPPORTUNITIES ARE AVAILABLE FOR THE PERSON WHO IS SUCCESSFUL IN THIS POSITION AND WITHIN WHAT TIME FRAME
N 7HAT SIGNIlCANT CHANGES DO YOU FORESEE IN THE NEAR FUTURE N (OW IS ONE EVALUATED IN THIS POSITION ( JET / Careers Guide 2009 [63]
5 Barbara la Grange {DESIGN EXAMPLES} APN Educational Media: art director, picture editor, production
2010
[1] JET / Careers Guide 2009 [8]
REALLY REALLY IMPORTANT STUFF ABOUT GETTING SOME CLUES
/Ă&#x160; Ă&#x160; / , -/7Â&#x2026;>Ă&#x152;Ă&#x160;>Ă&#x20AC;iĂ&#x160;Ă&#x17E;Â&#x153;Ă&#x2022;Ă&#x20AC;Ă&#x160;Â&#x2C6;Â&#x2DC;Ă&#x152;iĂ&#x20AC;iĂ&#x192;Ă&#x152;Ă&#x192;Ă&#x160;>Â&#x2DC;`Ă&#x160;
No, no crystal gazing or hippy stuff. Just undertake a bit of a self-assessment. Every now and then itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s useful to take a step back and take a look at yourself. Some careers start as an epiphany (see box for info on that word); others start after some careful, plodding examination.
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Marvin Pangborn is a lecturer in farm management at Lincoln University
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epiphany is a word people throw around when they want to sound clever (a bit like JET is doing right now), but itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s actually a great word too. An epiphany is a moment when all the pieces of the puzzle suddenly fall into place. itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a sudden, intuitive leap of understanding, usually experienced at an ordinary but striking moment. itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a revelation in the everyday world â&#x20AC;&#x201C; or often in literature â&#x20AC;&#x201C; where a common thing or gesture becomes radiant and deeply understood by the observer or reader. the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;epiphanyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; is also associated with christianity. itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a feast on January 6 which is the 12th day of christmas â&#x20AC;&#x201C; itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s got to do with the visit of the three wise men to the infant Jesus.
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JOBS
CONTENTS
50 What are the Vocational Pathways? 52
6 The Holland Quiz: Turn your interests into a career
58 60
THE HOLLAND QUIZ: TURN YOUR
and Infrastructure
EDUCATION
14 The business of looking for work
62 Unis, Polytechs, ITOs, and Wa-nanga
16 Dealing with rejection
64 What you do at school can impact your study
17
65
18
68 Stay well fed and keep your pennies 69 Gap year glory
still do it?
22 Amazing apps 24
HOW IT WORKS
72 Living arrangements 74 Mind shift/life shift: how to cope 75 A little culture to get you by
it all comes down to your level of interest, not your current level of skill in that area. For example, you might love rugby
Drinking: no need to go overboard
30 Vox pop: ‘What misconceptions did you have
game yourself. Rate the level of interest you think you have for each area listed below from 0 (very little interest) to 9 (a high level of interest). Add up your scores for each section. You will be most interested in the three categories where you scored the highest. You can read about these categories at the end of the quiz.
76 78 Studying in Australia 80
32 Life as a lawyer 34 Country bumpkin to city slicker, or the other way around 36 37 38
JUST REMEMBER THAT THERE ARE NO RIGHT OR WRONG ANSWERS.
studying from home
Rate your level of interest for each area listed below from 0 (very little interest) to 9 (a high level of interest):
44 46
ADVERTISING Belle Hanrahan PUBLISHER Bronwen Wilkins CONTRIBUTORS Erin Boyle, Arielle Kauaeroa Monk, Mary Nichols, Adam Poulopoulos $15.95
THE ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO
LIFE aFTEr SChOOL
PHOTOS Thinkstock; Centre cover photo: MITO
Perform in a drama production
TOTAL SCORE:
Animal control officer
Appraiser
Automotive engineer
Conservationist
Ecotourism coordinator
Engineer
Environmental health specialist
Facilities planner
Field researcher
Fitness program Coordinator
Forester
Geologist
Horticulturist
Instrumentation technician
Join a group discussion and share ideas, thoughts, feelings
Labourer
Landscape gardener
Marine surveyor
Help others less fortunate than you
Oceanographer
Pest control inspector
Physical therapist
Advise a friend with a personal problem Counsel youth in a community group Teach people new skills Participate in activities which benefit society
TOTAL SCORE:
Technical writer Wildlife manager
Lead a team to victory TOTAL SCORE:
Rate your level of interest for each area listed below from 0 (very little interest) to 9 (a high level of interest):
Calculate and solve math problems Study scientific issues and problems Research scientific topics independently Analyse numerical and quantitative data
ISSN: 1179-0377 Errors and omissions: Whilst the publishers have attempted to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the information, no responsibility can be accepted by the publishers for any errors or omissions.
JETmag
Surveyor Veterinarian
Work in an upscale, plush environment
Invest your time to understand complex concepts Investigate new mathematical or scientific projects
Software technician
CAREERS INCLUDE: » Actor » Model » Singer » Stunt person » Graphic designer » Architect » Animator » Website developer » Make-up artist » Advertising sales » Public relations » Event management » Marketer » Copywriter » Journalist.
People who lean toward the investigative type often like to work independently and on a cognitive level. They like to think about and analyse ideas, problems, and issues. Investigative types may have strong maths, science, and analytical abilities. They prefer to study and understand situations and expand their knowledge on subject matters.
PASSION AND PROFESSIONALISM IN PERFORMING ARTS
CAREER POSSIBILITIES Actuary
Agronomist
Anaesthesiologist
Architect
Biochemist
Biologist
Chemist
Chiropractor
Crime lab analyst
Dentist
Dietitian
Work in a predictable and structured environment
Environmental analyst
Geneticist
Geologist
Market research analyst
Mathematician
Meteorologist
Perform numerical calculations
Cardiologist
Nutritionist
Pharmacist
Physician assistant
Use a computer to complete work assignments efficiently
Physicist
Programmer
Psychologist
Software engineer
Statistician
Surgeon
Telecommunications specialist
Toxicologist
Veterinarian
TOTAL SCORE:
“Working closely with equally passionate musicians, actors, visual artists and other dancers means the scope of your outcome broadens immensely, and the Anna Flaherty
JETmag 7
6
1
is very high, so freelancing, volunteering, or internships may be the foot in the door to these types of work.
Soil conservationist
Process data or records in an orderly manner
TOTAL SCORE:
people. Competition for entry
THE INVESTIGATIVE TYPE
Follow an organised set of procedures
Work in an office where expectations and goals are clear and definite.
performing arts, advertising, and visual arts and design. This is the sector where individual brilliance shines and the constraints (and stability) of a full time job may be looser. In 2006, over 11,000 New Zealanders worked in the media industry. Advertising employs around 6,000 people, and the visual arts and design
Radio station operator
Sports facilities director
CONVENTIONAL
Creative incorporates industries such as media
Pilot
Public health inspector
Research assistant Ultrasound technologist
TOTAL SCORE:
Rate your level of interest for each area listed below from 0 (very little interest) to 9 (a high level of interest) :
Podiatrist
Production planner
Manage a group to complete a project
Determine program goals and motivate others to achieve them
Help plants grow and stay healthy
Plant geneticist
Rate your level of interest for each area listed below from 0 (very little interest) to 9 (a high level of interest):
Sell products or services to the public
Take care of animals
People with strong realistic characteristics tend to enjoy being outdoors and working with machines, tools, animals, and/or things. They often prefer using mechanical, athletic, and manual skills to interacting with groups and using interpersonal skills. Realistic people view themselves as practical and conservative.
Agricultural inspector
Rate your level of interest for each area listed below from 0 (very little interest) to 9 (a high level of interest):
Spend time working outdoors
INVESTIGATIVE
study and work you might want to pursue in the future.
CAREER POSSIBILITIES
Persuade others to adopt your beliefs
Operate machinery to manufacture a product APN Educational Media Level 1, Saatchi & Saatchi Building 101-103 Courtenay Place Wellington 6011 New Zealand PO Box 200, Wellington 6140 Tel: 04 471 1600 Fax: 04 471 1080 © 2013. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be copied or reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher.
YOUR AREAS OF INTEREST
THE REALISTIC TYPE
Express your emotions freely and openly
SOCIAL
Participate in athletic activities Use your hands and tools to build something
48 Being accountable for your career
DESIGN & LAYOUT Barbara la Grange, Aaron Morey
Generate innovative ideas and solutions to a problem
ENTERPRISING
REALISTIC
42 What is appropriate work behaviour? 43
INTERESTS INTO A CAREER
Design a new picture, flyer, or poster
IT SIMPLY COMES DOWN TO YOUR INTERESTS!
contracts
40
C0-EDITORS Kate Bleasdale, Shane Cummings
Rate your level of interest for each area listed below from 0 (very little interest) to 9 (a high level of interest):
Play a musical instrument
Read through the groups of statements below and rate your
73 When the going gets tough …
26 Failing well is the key to success 27 How to win at a job interview 28
ARTISTIC
Write a creative story or essay
70
23 Showcase yourself with a great CV
T
Vocational Development. This theory maintains that
types: Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional. Your study choices (university, polytechnic, etc.) and eventual career choices can be sorted into these same categories.
66 Money to help you study
20 The art of the cover letter 21
and Technology
56
11 Social media: where your secrets are laid bare 12
Choosing a direction in life can be hard. Not everyone is destined to follow their parents into the family business or has been groomed to be something prestigious
54
10 Seven tips for a brilliant career from LinkedIn founder Reid Hoffman
SECTOR PROFILE
JOBS
TRAINING
2 The guide to the guide 4 What to do after school? The possibilities are mind-boggingly endless
CREATIVE
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Anna Flaherty – dancer Anna Flaherty has the freedom and excitement of a freelance contemporary dancer. She performs, choreographs, and collaborates with other creative talents at events ranging from dance shows and touring to photo shoots and film. Being a creative spirit, she wasn’t sure what she wanted to do in life after she left school. “All I knew were my passions and my strengths; I had no distinct career outline out nor did I meticulously plan where I would end up,” Anna said. Because she had been dancing from a young age, she chose to do a Bachelor of
EVOLVING WITH THE TIMES Troy Rawhiti-Forbes – social media editor Ten years ago, Troy Rawhiti-Forbes’s job did not exist. He is the social media editor for the New Zealand Herald, which means his job description is constantly changing. “What I actually do evolves as frequently as the news media and digital communities do; at all times, my job is to keep the two worlds connected,” Troy said. “I’ve been in this job for three years. It came 11 years after I started my involvement in digital community moderation and management, and 15 years after I started dabbling in social media, which is more or less as old as the internet itself. It’s just that the emergence of neatly-packaged platforms like Facebook and Twitter have made online networking appear to be a newer concept than it actually is, and I think that’s reflected in the number of professional social media appointments and half-baked consultancies which have sprung up since about 2009.” While he seems to have naturally fallen into his niche, it wasn’t always pre-destined. Troy said that when he left high school, he wanted to be a professional wrestler, a rock star, or a journalist. “I ended up wrestling in 10 matches, drumming at exactly one gig, and last year, I earned a Canon Media Award for my work in mashing-up social media and news journalism in the interests of serving our community.” Because social media is an emerging field, there are still a few kinks to work out, Performing and Screens Arts, majoring in Contemporary Dance, at Unitec in Auckland, which then led her to freelancing jobs in Auckland and Wellington. “Deciding to attend a tertiary institution dedicated to exploring the many facets of performance really changed my perspective. It showed me that making a career within any given art form is possible if you are dedicated and inquisitive.” Now she can share her creative passion with other talented people when she collaborates on projects. “Working closely with equally passionate musicians, actors, visual artists and other dancers means the scope of your outcome broadens immensely, and the result is textured and fulfilling.”
particularly when it comes to interacting with people. “One thing to remember: you will become the funnel that all the trolling and nastiness goes through, all played out in the open. It can be incredibly disheartening, but that’s social media for you – not everyone who has something to say knows how to do so with courtesy. But you wear it because the good people out there make it worth it.” His advice for would-be social media professionals is to have a working knowledge of the environment and the tools. “While an education will give you your grounding, you have to bring along a lot of other strong intangibles like patience, compassion, and a lot of heart.”
AVERAGE PAY
» Editors low-circulation publications usually earn $30k–$80k per year » Editors of high-circulation or daily newspapers usually earn $80K–$200K per year. » As social media is a new field pay information is not yet available. (Source: Careers New Zealand) Anna’s advice to aspiring dancers is to be professional and versatile. Maintaining a good reputation is valuable in the performing arts. “The performance world is so interconnected and any project may lead into another, if you stay open to adapting within situations and learning new skills. I’ve toured with Wellingtonbased dance companies, produced and directed my own dance projects, choreographed for music videos, done photo shoots and fashion shows – you just have to be open and persevere.”
AVERAGE PAY
» There are no set pay rates for dancers; they are usually paid per project or performance. » Full-time classical dancers can usually earn $30–$55k per year. (Source: Careers New Zealand)
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LIFE AS A LAWYER Ever considered a career in the legal profession? ERIN BOYLE charts the journey a lawyer takes, from university through to partner at a
THE GRADUATE: A’LANAH HARRISON, 29, HAIGH LYON LAWYERS AUCKLAND – SENIOR SOLICITOR
Law hadn’t been the career path in mind for A’lanah Harrison, studying it to complement her Bachelor of Commerce. But while completing Professional Legal Studies at the College of Law, (which is a course you have to undertake after law school to be admitted to the Bar) she realised that practicing law was vastly different to studying law and it would perhaps be the right choice as it drew on both her legal and commerce skills. Now in her fifth year of practice with Haigh Lyon Lawyers in Auckland, A’lanah has enjoyed all the changes in her workload as her experience has grown. “I have been given the opportunity to work on more complex files and require less partner supervision. When I first started practicing, I worked in the area of trusts and gifting, moving to residential and then commercial conveyancing, leasing matters, and more complex trust matters. I am now also involved in a range of business and company matters.” On a day to day basis A’lanah has a variety of work to complete, depending on what is going on with clients. From establishing a family trust, to drafting agreements in relation to property or business matters, or attending to estate administration matters, not many days are the same, and aside from concentrating on her workload, A’lanah has many responsibilities to fulfil.
A’lanah Harrison
THE STUDENT: ALEX CHURCHILL, 18, SECOND YEAR LAW STUDENT AT THE UNIVERSITY OF AUCKLAND
It was a love of arguing at school, in the right context of course, that led Alex Churchill to choose a Bachelor of Commerce/ Bachelor of Laws conjoint degree. “I’ve always really enjoyed subjects that require you to develop arguments and apply textbook knowledge to real world scenarios.” Before starting University, Alex certainly had his head full of different thoughts and expectations of what life after school would be like. “In high school, I was absolutely convinced by my family and peers that I would have to make all my life decisions before even applying for university, like what career path I will follow and where I would want to work after graduating.” But over a year into his degree, Alex is glad to say that his preconceptions of the ‘adult world’ were wrong. He has found that university “I have to meet and communicate with clients to provide them with advice, update them on progress, and obtain their instructions. I also need to ensure I liaise with other lawyers and staff within Haigh Lyon, whether to ask their advice or keep them up to date with developments on particular matters. I also have to communicate and obtain advice from other professionals and organisations such as accountants, real estate agents, surveyors, councils, banks, and insurers.” From juggling multiple files to meeting different deadlines, A’lanah says a lot of her job comes down to being very organised, but that there are also some other really important aspects of being a good lawyer. “Written and oral communication skills are vital to succeed, as well as being able to work as part of a team and selfsupervise your own workload. A little bit of maths also helps as well!” As with any job, there are challenges to face every so often, and A’lanah says in her particular role one of the hardest parts is dealing with clients who are in crisis or under stress, which impacts on the way she can be treated. Luckily there are plenty of things that make her smile at work. “I get a lot of satisfaction from having good working relationships with clients and their appreciation of the work we do. The team here at Haigh Lyon are great as well, and I just love helping everyday New Zealanders achieve their goals, whether they are personal or business-related.”
doesn’t force students into strict paths that will define the rest of their lives. If anything, Alex has discovered it’s the complete opposite, in that they encourage students to be flexible about their future. “With the infinitely wide range of learning and career opportunities I’ve been exposed to as a result of coming to university, I look back and realise that finishing high school as a clueless 16--year-old was not the end of the world. It was barely even the beginning!” In the second year of his degree, Alex has passed the hurdles of learning to be independent. He says it is important to realise that teachers no longer ‘spoon-feed’ assignments and certainly don’t take the roll to see if you have come to class. While it made the first weeks of university a little daunting, Alex found a certain level of satisfaction when it came to each accomplishment he made on his own – from designing his own course timetable, to finding the lecture theatre without referring to the campus map! “Everything I’ve done has made me feel more grown up and ‘in control’. I feel this is an exciting lesson everyone must learn while transitioning from teenage to adult life.” Alex urges anyone considering a degree in law to talk to lawyers and business
THE EXPERT: NEIL MILLAR, 40, MINTER ELLISON RUDD WATTS LAWYERS – PARTNER
Neil Millar isn’t sure he even chose to become a lawyer, but 18 years later, he is still working in the profession that he pushed his way into. “I did a joint business studies and law degree and found the legal portion more interesting but had no real ambition to turn it into a legal career. I was just focused on the idea that law was a good degree to have, whatever you ended up doing. “Then I went to a pre-interview function for the top Scottish law firm and got a really good feeling about it as an organisation, so I forced my way into an interview, and before I knew it, I had somehow landed the job!” So with an honours degree in law from Edinburgh University, Neil started his career as a lawyer without a computer, as only secretaries were entrusted with them, and all communications were done by fax or letter. Nowadays Neil is allowed to have a computer and he spends his days as a corporate lawyer specialising in mergers and acquisitions, startup companies, and generally assisting with all kinds of commercial dealings that companies have. “As I’m a partner, I have two main roles: I’m in charge of making sure that the projects we
undertake get delivered, and the other part is to find the work in the first place! That involves a lot of networking and client marketing.” Along with another partner, Neil is in charge of a team of 11, with his prime responsibility to make sure that they are all happy and busy. But he also has the huge task of ensuring their clients are looked after as well, which he says takes one special skill. “You need to be able to put yourself in the shoes of your client − to understand their commercial drivers and to apply your legal knowledge to produce solutions that add value to them. You also need to know when to ask for help, and you need to have a thick skin!” Clients pay a lot for lawyer services, which Neil says entitles them to get premium advice and quick, efficient service, so there are a lot of times that he and his team are working under severe time pressure. But there is definitely positive ‘pay off’ for the hard work. “The end of a deal when both the buyer and the seller walk away satisfied with where they have ended up means that both sets of lawyers have done a good job.” Against the grain, Neil finds Mondays bring the most excitement to his job because he never knows who will ring up with a new project. “Thinking on your feet and negotiating big deals is still a buzz after 18 years. It is really exciting reading about deals you have been involved in, especially when you are watching millions of dollars changing hands and knowing that you had a large part to play in the process. “It’s a varied and exciting career and it never gets dull. I’m still learning something new every day and being challenged.” ✶
travel and tourism. The Services sector employs about a quarter of all working New Zealanders. It also has the largest percentage of casual and part-time workers. » » » » » » » »
Funeral director Hotel manager Personal trainer Retail assistant Receptionist Ski instructor Tour guide Waiter.
LIFE AFTER SCHOOL
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THE ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO
Jordan Goss – embalmer Jordan Goss graduated from Weltec this year, and he has been working in the funeral services industry as an embalmer at Harbour City Funeral Home for the past couple of years. Being an embalmer or funeral director is an unusual career choice, but it is one with considerable dignity and responsibility. “My job is to preserve, sanitise, and present the deceased in such a way that the time in which family and friends spend with their deceased loved one is pleasant and creates an appropriate and long-lasting memory picture,” Jordan said. Jordan was always attracted to a life in funeral services, and he is glad he pursued his interest in the field, but he had to gain life experience elsewhere first. The career progression in the industry is straightforward. “Most people start like I did as a trainee embalmer, then become a qualified embalmer, and then a funeral director or perhaps own their own funeral home. It’s the sort of job you don’t go into for the short term. “It’s not your average job. You don’t always get a lot of thanks, but there is a high amount of personal satisfaction from having done a good job. If your embalming is success and the family is happy, you’ve done a good job. For me, this is the last time anyone is going to spend with this person, so you have to do a good job every time. “ Jordan’s advice for school leavers is to be dedicated and level-headed. “For a person coming straight out of school, good grades are number one. Maturity is also important, as is a good work ethic. It’s not the sort of job where you can just show up when you want to.”
AVERAGE PAY
AVERAGE PAY
» Hairdressers (or barbers) usually earn $29k–$50k per year. (Source: HITO)
STUDY
FOR MOST PEOPLE, deciding what you are going to study is tough. It really should involve a good idea of what you want to do as a career. Once you’ve thought broadly about which industry you want to work in, think more about the exact job you want to end up with. Be prepared for your original ideas to change over time, but it helps to go in with some sort of plan. From there, look at the skills and qualifications required for people that are doing that job. A good way to do this is to talk to someone who is in a job you would like, or find a copy of their biography or CV online. Using a website such as Careers New Zealand helps with information on what exactly is required in different professions. Will it end in a job? Before choosing what to study, it is important to think about which sectors are in need of graduates. If you come away from a tertiary institution with a qualification in an area that desperately needs workers, then finding a job will be relatively pain-free. If your interest lies in a sector that isn’t experiencing a skill shortage or that even has a surplus of graduates trying to find work, this is something to consider. It also pays to think about what parts of the country employ the most people in different sectors. Be aware that you may have to move to where the work is to land your first graduate job. To make yourself attractive to potential employers, ensure you work hard while studying in order to make your academic transcript something to be proud of. When deciding on a qualification, you should look at how well-recognised it is in the workforce; ask your teachers, parents, parents’ friends, and careers counsellors which institutions and courses are well regarded.
» Funeral directors/embalmers usually earn $50k–$100k per year. (Source: Careers New Zealand)
6 Barbara la Grange {DESIGN EXAMPLES} APN Educational Media’s JETmag: art director
What to specialise in As well as deciding which type of bachelor degree to do, students usually have to decide what to major in – which subject they want to specialise in. For each type of bachelor’s degree, there are usually dozens of possible majors to choose from. For example, someone studying for a Bachelor of Education could major in early childhood education, special education, teaching English to speakers of other languages, etc. For a degree such as a Bachelor of Arts, the major opportunities range from Māori to philosophy. If you want to put extra work into your bachelor degree, then you can include two majors, known as a double major.
WORK
DECIDED THAT TERTIARY STUDY isn’t for you? No sweat, there are still plenty of options and you can use your time to figure out if study might be an option further down the track. If you’ve been working a weekend or part-time job while at secondary school, ask if they can bump your hours up once exams have finished. This doesn’t have to be a permanent move, but it helps to keep earning money while looking for a job that’s more suited to the career path you want. But I have no idea what I want to do Don’t stress. You are at the beginning of the path to your future – not many people are certain of what they want to do at this point. Sometimes, to get an idea of your future, it helps to look back. Think about the subjects you really enjoyed at secondary school, or maybe some of the projects you took part in that you excelled in. What made you feel happiest or what do you feel came to you most naturally? After thinking about this, you may be able to start plotting what jobs might link to those subjects or other activities that you really enjoyed. Look into what organisations or businesses people do these jobs in, and hunt around online doing research. It might pay to contact a place that looks interesting to see if you can come in to have a look around for the day, or set up a time to meet with someone who works there to talk about what is required in their role. Work for free If you’ve kept a part-time job following secondary school, then you could try and set up some ongoing work experience at a company that you’re interested in. With many businesses under financial pressure, jobs aren’t exactly being handed out at the door, but if you’re interning at a place on an ongoing basis, then you could be considered for a paid position when one becomes available. Potential employers may also appreciate someone who is willing to help out for nothing, and it’s a great experience you can add to your CV. If interested in the not-for-profit sector, you could also use the time to get into some volunteer work. Volunteering makes up a surprisingly huge sector in New Zealand, and help is always needed. You can find out how organisations handle getting the job done on a shoestring budget, and feel proud that you’re helping parts of society that desperately need it. ✶
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“Get some work experience, but when you do it, remember you will work your way up, so you won’t be stuck doing your work experience tasks for the rest of your career. It’s a good insight into the job.”
Marina Kamel
Health is one of the most stable sectors to work in, with many hospitals, medical centres, and visiting services around the country. Demand for workers in health is growing as New Zealand’s population ages. There are around 14,000 doctors in New Zealand, but shortages mean the Government is importing overseastrained doctors. Nurses are the mainstay of the professionally-trained health workforce, with about 50,000 registered nurses working around the country. Health also includes community services, such as counselling or youth work. CAREERS INCLUDE: Medical: » Doctor » Dentist » Physiotherapist » Nurse » Nurse practitioner » Midwife » Optometrist » Pharmacist.
PREPARATION FOR THE FINAL GOODBYE
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JET provides some tips on what options there are for study or pursuing a job.
SERVICE WITH A SMILE AND STYLE
Philly Anderton – hairdresser In her second year of her apprenticeship at Cathy Davys Hair Design and Day Spa in Wellington, Philly Anderton is beginning to experience the freedoms of a senior hairdresser, while still receiving mentorship from her colleagues. “I’m getting my own clients, so I’ll do colours, cuts, and blow waves. There are also the day-today jobs that are part of the apprentice’s jobs, like cleaning and assisting the seniors –which is still cool because by assisting the seniors, you can learn a lot.” Unlike many other apprentices, she gained experience in the workforce before trying her hand as an apprentice hairdresser. “I actually had a job before I started this apprenticeship, but I thought working at Cathy Davys would be a good opportunity. “When I was in my teenage years, being in hairdressing and beauty was the thing I wanted to do the most.” Philly’s tip for school leavers is to test the waters before committing. “Get some work experience, but when you do it, remember you will work your way up, so you won’t be stuck doing your work experience tasks for the rest of your career. It’s a good insight into the job.” While the salary for hairdressing is in the low to medium range, the benefits of the job are immediate for people people. “It is really cool when you do the best you can with a client and make them feel a million bucks. It is nice to be that person (providing good customer service), and you get to know a lot of different people.” Philly and her colleagues were recently training for the Worldskills competition, where they had the opportunity to flex their creative muscles. “We have been doing heaps of practice on mannequins, practising colouring, blow waving, and cutting. It’s quite an artistic competition, not everyday hairdressing.” “I quite enjoy blow waving and doing hair up. I’ve just finished my ‘hair up’ unit at tech, and I enjoy doing it – they’re like little works of art when I’m done.”
JETmag
THE POSSIBILITIES ARE MIND-BOGGINGLY ENDLESS
SECTOR PROFILE
EDUCATION
The Services sector is a very diverse pathway that is about interacting with and helping people. Think of anytime you have been served by someone – at a restaurant or café, in a hotel, on a plane, over the phone, at the gym, or at the hairdresser. That person who helped you works in this sector. Industries in this pathway include hair and beauty, fashion, entertainment, funeral services, hospitality,
CAREERS INCLUDE: » Barista » Beauty therapist » Hairdresser » Chef » Customer service representative » Flight attendant
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WHAT TO DO AFTER SCHOOL?
HEALTH
SERVICE
SECTOR PROFILE
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professionals and ask them what it is really like to work in their industry, as this will help you visualise what your dream job entails and what it will take to get there. “It’s always nice to know that there’s more to being a lawyer than is suggested by TV shows like Boston Legal!” He also encourages socialising as a very important component of time spent at university. “A huge part of the experience involves making new friends and getting out of the library every once in a while. “Anyone interested in a BCom/LLB should know that strong networking and social ability is a key skill in any lawyer or business professional’s repertoire – it’s an essential skill used for reeling in clients and winning over co-workers.” When looking to the future, Alex’s career goals are to simply be successful and then to pass that success down to society in a way that benefits not only the people around him, but also New Zealand as a whole. “With a bit of luck, dedication, and more than a bit of hard work, maybe one day I will be a Supreme Court judge! I can only keep my fingers crossed for now.”
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Community Services: » Counsellor » Occupational therapist » Psychologist » Social worker » Youth worker.
VARIETY, THE SPICE OF DENTISTRY
Marina Kamel – dentist When you speak with Marina Kamel, you get a real sense of the enthusiasm she has for dentistry. Her passion is infectious – enough to overcome the stereotype of boring, studious types drilling holes in teeth. Marina is a dental and maxillofacial house surgeon, and her job is incredibly versatile. “I work in different departments. There is the special care unit, in which I provide dental care for people who have physical or mental disabilities. There is a walk-in service in the University of Otago School of Dentistry for people who have sustained acute tooth pain. I work in Dunedin Hospital as a maxillofacial house surgeon and look after people who have had accidents, cuts to their face, or broken facial bones – anything in their head and neck area. I am the primary assistant to a consultant (surgeon) who performs facial reconstructions, and I deal with smaller injuries myself. I have my own private patients, for whom I
BASTION OF THE COMMUNITY Schnell Lemon – youth worker Schnell Lemon’s early life experiences led directly to her career as a youth worker. She said she was a “disengaged teenager” and that she thought she “knew everything there was to know in life”. “But deep down, I just wanted someone to understand me, to listen, to talk openly and freely with in a mutual manner. I wanted someone who wanted to get to know me for who I really was and not the person I was portraying to the world,” she said. “Unfortunately I never found that person, so at 14, I knew that one day, I would become that person I was searching for. I knew could make a positive impact on young people that are sharing the same experiences I did at their age.” Although Schnell studied with a private training provider, Workforce Development, it was through
provide normal dental work (crowns, bridges, root canals, dentures, etc.), and I also tutor in paediatric dentistry.” For aspiring dentists, the University of Otago is the only university in New Zealand that provides the five-year Bachelor of Dental Surgery course. “You have to go through the Health Sciences course in first year, which is open to school leavers, and after that, there is a competitive entry to the School of Dentistry, and they only select around 60 students each year.” Given the competitiveness of the course, Marina suggests a solid understanding of the sciences for success in dentistry. “A prior knowledge in high school of biology, chemistry, physics and mathematics is crucial for dentistry. You should also have a lot of motivation because nothing about this course is a walk in the park. It is great fun, but you have to be prepared to put in the hours.” And Marina’s advice for would-be dentists or maxillofacial surgeons? “Do it. It’s fascinating.”
AVERAGE PAY
» Dentists with one to three years’ experience usually earn $80k–$120k per year. » Senior dentists with more than five years’ experience usually earn $120k–$150k per year. (Source: Careers New Zealand)
someone in the industry that she scored her big break. “I was approached by a youth advisor a few years back through Wellington City Council who thought I would be perfect for the job. I was already a resident of the community and was born and raised here, so it was a bonus to have existing links with the community.”’ Now, as a high profile youth worker, she supports young people and their families by connecting and providing them with relevant social, professional, recreational, and educational programmes. It’s a diverse job, and no two clients are the same. “I love seeing families I work alongside make positive changes, engage with communities, develop personal growth, and feeling good about themselves.”
AVERAGE PAY
» Youth workers usually earn $28k–$35k per year. (Source: Careers New Zealand)
Philly Anderton
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