National Social Security Strategy (NSSS) of Bangladesh - Bangla by News Hour

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

RyjvB 2015

mvaviY A_©bxwZ wefvM cwiKíbv Kwgkb MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKvi

National Social Security Strategy (NSSS) of Bangladesh, 2015- Gi evsjv fvl¨|

mvaviY A_©bxwZ wefvM, cwiKíbv Kwgkb, †ki-B-evsjv bMi, XvKv KZ©„K cÖKvwkZ|

A Note on this Edition: Cabinet Approved the “National Social Security Strategy (NSSS) of Bangladesh” on 1st June 2015. The document is available in the Planning Commission website: www.plancomm.gov.bd/nsss/ for general access. Bangla version of the “National Social Security Strategy (NSSS) of Bangladesh” is printed with support from the Social Security Policy Support Programme. Published and Cover designed by General Economics Division (GED) Planning Commission Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

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RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k (g~j Bs‡iwR `wj‡ji evsjv fvl¨)

RyjvB 2015

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wem&wgjøvwni ivn&gvwbi ivwng

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MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKvi

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RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

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RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

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cwiKíbv gš¿Yvjq MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKvi

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RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

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v wRBwW

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RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

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RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

(†gvnv¤§` †gvkviivd †nvmvBb fyBTv)

vii wRBwW

cÖ‡dmi kvgmyj Avjg, wcGBPwW

m`m¨ (wmwbqi mwPe)

cÖvK-K_b

mvaviY A_©bxwZ wefvM (wRBwW) cwiKíbv Kwgkb

2011 mv‡j XvKvq AbywôZ mvgvwRK wbivcËv kxl©K m‡¤§j‡bi mgvcbx Awa‡ek‡b miKvi evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ mvgvwRK wbivcËv wel‡q GKwU RvZxq ‡KŠkj cÖYq‡bi †NvlYv †`q| cwiKíbv gš¿Yvjq KZ…©K RvwiK…Z miKvwi B‡¯Ínv‡i ejv nq mvgvwRK wbivcËvq eZ©gv‡b †h eivÏ †`qv n‡”Q Ges fwel¨‡Z †h eivÏ †`qv n‡e Zvi DËg eënvi AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ‡h‡nZz e¨q hyw³hy³Ki‡Yi my‡hvM cwinvi Kivi mvg_¨© Avgv‡ì †`‡ki †bB| D³ m‡¤§j‡b mvgvwRK wbivcËvi †hme gyL¨ wel‡qi cÖwZ `„wó †`qvi Rb¨ wPwýZ Kiv nq Zv n‡jv: myweav‡fvMx wPwýZKi‡Yi Dbœqb, Kg©m~wPi DËg bKkv cÖYqb I AwaKZi Kvh©Ki cwiexÿY eë¯’v cÖYqb, gvV ch©v‡qi ev¯ÍeZv I DcKvi‡fvMx‡ì Avkv-AvKv•ÿv I cÖZ¨vkvi mv‡_ m½wZ †i‡L Kg©m~wPi bKkv cÖYqb wbwðZ Ki‡Z AskMÖnYg~jK cÖwµqv‡K †Rvi`viKiY Ges ev¯Íevqb wel‡q h_vh_ I Kvh©Ki cÖvwZôvwbK Kg©‡KŠkj cÖYqb| wbivcËv I mÿgZv e„w×i Dcv`vb‡K AšÍf©y³ K‡i GKwU e¨vcKwfwËK I ewa©Z mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj A_©‰bwZK cÖe„w×i Rb¨ †hgb cÖ‡qvRbxq †Zgwb `vwi`ª¨ n«v‡mi RbÏ Kvh©Ki| miKvwi B‡¯Ínv‡i `yÕ¯Íi wewkó c×wZi K_v ejv nq: djcÖm~ Kg©m~wP¸‡jv‡K ewa©ZKiY Ges weKvkgvb †ÿÎmg~‡ni (†hgb, wkï cywó, bMi `vwi`ª¨ I AvÂwjK êlg¨) D™¢vebxg~jK Kg©m~wP¸‡jv‡K Av‡iv msnZKiY| AKvh©Ki I ÿz`ª Kg©m~wP¸‡jv‡K eÜ K‡i w`‡q eis cÖ‡qvRbxq Ges cÖavb cÖavb Kg©m~wP¸‡jvi GKwU mym½Z I mvgÄm¨c~Y© Kvh©µg MÖnY Kiv Riæwi|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj cÖYq‡bi cÖwµqv ïiæ nq 2012 mv‡j miKvi KZ…©K M„nxZ GKwU Kg©cwiKíbv MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g| gwš¿cwil` wefvM gwš¿cwil` mwP‡ei †bZ…‡Z¡ GKwU AvšÍ:gš¿Yvjq KwgwU MVb K‡i| G KwgwUi `vwqZ¡ wQj †KŠk‡ji Lmov cÖYq‡bi KvR Z`viwK Kiv, Avi cwiKíbv Kwgk‡bi mvaviY A_©bxwZ wefv‡Mi `vwqZ¡ wQj D³ KwgwU‡K mvwPweK mnvqZv cÖ`vb Kiv Ges †KŠkj cÖYq‡bi KvR GwM‡q †bqv| A_©‰bwZK cÖe„w× Ges b¨vh¨ Avqe›U‡bi j‡ÿ¨ `vwi`ª¨ wbim‡bi †ÿ‡Î mvgvwRK wbivcËv †eóbxi mdjZv wbwðZ Kiv Ges RbM‡Yi Rb¨ mvgvwRK myiÿvi weav‡bi wel‡q gvbbxq cÖavbgš¿x Zuvi `„p cÖZ¨q †NvlYv K‡iwQ‡jb|

viii wRBwW

2013 mv‡j GKwU †d«gIqvK© †ccvi cÖ¯‘Z Kiv nq †hLv‡b mvgvwRK wbivcËvq we`¨gvb Áv‡bi Afve I cÖavb KiYxq welq wPwýZ Kiv nq Ges †mwU †KŠkj cÖYq‡bi wfwË wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| AvšÍR©vwZK AwfÁZv wewbgq, †mwgbvi I cÖwkÿY †Kvm© BZ¨vw`i gva¨‡g gš¿Yvjq¸‡jv‡Z mvgvwRK wbivcËv welqK DbœZ Ávb I aviYv cÖ`vb Kiv nq| G †KŠkj‡K Z_¨mg„× Ki‡Z 10wU M‡elYvcÎ ˆZwi Kiv nq| mKj AskxR‡bi AskMÖnY I m¤ú„³Zv wbwðZ Ki‡Z A‡bK¸‡jv civgk© mfv AbywôZ nq| M‡elYvcÎ¸‡jv‡K P~ovšÍÍ Ki‡Z wZbwU welqwfwËK civgk© mfvi Av‡qvRb Kiv nq| gZvgZ I gvV ch©v‡qi AwfÁZv wewbgq Ki‡Z ¯’vbxq ch©v‡qi AskxRb‡`i Avgš¿Y Rvwb‡q †`‡ki MvRxcyi, Lyjbv, iscyi I wm‡j‡U PviwU AvÂwjK civgk© mfvi Av‡qvRb Kiv nq| mvaviY A_©bxwZ wefv‡Mi mnvqZvq `yÕwU RvZxq ch©v‡qi civgk© mfv AbywôZ nq:

GKwU civgk© mfv we‡klÁ, mykxj mgv‡Ri cÖwZwbwa, †emiKvwi Lv‡Zi e¨w³eM©, MYgva¨g I Ab¨vb¨ AskxR‡bi mv‡_ Ges Ab¨wU mvgvwRK wbivcËv †eóbxg~jK Kg©m~wPi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ wewfbœ gš¿Yvjq I wefv‡Mi Kg©KZ©v Ges mswkøó gš¿Yvjq¸‡jvi gvbbxq gš¿x‡ì mv‡_ AbywôZ nq| Gme gZwewbgq I civgk© mfv wewfbœ AskxR‡bi AskMÖnY wbwðZ Ki‡Z Ges †KŠk‡ji bxwZ I KvVv‡gv wel‡q HKg‡Z¨ †cuŠQv‡Z mnvqK wQj| B‡Zvg‡a¨ gwš¿mfv KZ…©K Aby‡gvw`Z RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj-Gi g~j welqe¯‘ n‡jv RxebPµ m¤úwK©Z SuzwK¸‡jv jÿ¨ K‡i Kg©m~wPmg~n msnZKiY A_©vr wkï, K‡g©vc‡hvMx gvbyl, eq¯‹ I cÖwZeÜx‡ì Rb¨ Kg©m~wP MÖnY Kiv| cÖvK-‰kkeKv‡j mvgvwRK wbivcËv †eóbxi †h Afve i‡q‡Q RxebPµ c×wZ‡Z ZvI AšÍfy©³ nq| ‡KŠkjc‡Î bvbvwea mvgvwRK êl‡gï wkKvi gvbyl‡ì AšÍf©y³ Kivi Dci ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q| mgv‡Ri Ab¨ mevi b¨vq Gme `‡jiI mvgvwRK wbivcËvg~jK Kg©m~wPi AvIZvq mgvb †mev jv‡fi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q| miKvi Zv wbwðZ Ki‡e| AwaKš‘ mgv‡Ri Ae‡nwjZ, myweavewÂZ I cÖvwšÍK Rb‡Mvôx‡ì we‡kl cÖ‡qvRb‡K Avg‡j wb‡q Kg©m~wPmg~n ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡e| †`‡ki msweav‡b ewY©Z weav‡bi mv‡_ m½wZ †i‡L G †KŠk‡ji `~i`„wó n‡”Q AwaKviwfwËK c×wZi w`‡K avweZ nIqv Ges ZvB Òevsjv‡`‡ki mKj †hvM¨ bvMwi‡Ki Rb¨ GKwU AšÍf©yw³g~jK mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’v cÖwZôv Kiv n‡e hv Kvh©Kifv‡e `vwi`ª¨ I ‰elg¨ †gvKv‡ejv I cÖwZ‡iva Ki‡e Ges e¨vcKZi gvbe Dbœqb, Kg©ms¯’vb I A_©‰bwZK cÖe„w×‡Z Ae`vb ivL‡e|Ó †KŠkjwU ev¯Íevq‡bi cÖv_wgK eQi¸‡jv‡Z Pig `vwi`ª¨ wbg~©jKi‡Y mnvqZv Ki‡Z nZ`wi`ª I mgv‡Ri me©vwaK SuzwKMÖ¯Í gvby‡li Dci †Rvi ‡`qv n‡e|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj cÖYqb Kvh©µg wewfbœ AskxR‡bi †hgb, mvgvwRK wbivcËv †eóbx Kg©m~wPi mv‡_ mswkøó mKj gš¿Yvjq, wefvM, `ßi, Awa`ßi, Dbœqb mn‡hvMx, mykxj mgv‡Ri cÖwZwbwa, M‡elK, RvZxq I AvšÍR©vwZK we‡kl‡Ái mn‡hvwMZv †c‡q DcK…Z n‡q‡Q| Avwg Zv‡ì g~jëvb Ae`v‡bi Rb¨ K…ZÁ| G‡ÿ‡Î gwš¿cwil` mwP‡ei Ae`vb D‡jøL bv Ki‡jB bq whwb †KŠkj cÖYqb cÖwµqvi cÖwZwU av‡c Avgv‡ì cv‡k wQ‡jb Ges RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj cÖYq‡b eyw×, civgk© I wb‡`©kbv w`‡q‡Qb| Zvi mn‡hvwMZv Qvov G wekvj Kg©hÁ eZ©gvb iƒc wb‡Z cvi‡Zv bv| mswkøó mKj‡K abëv`| (g~j Bs‡iwR †_‡K Abyw`Z)

(cÖ‡dmi kvgmyj Avjg)

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

miKv‡ii mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj mvgvwRK Dbœqb KvVv‡gvi (GmwWGd) AšÍf©z³ bxwZ I Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni Ask| GmwWGd n‡jv GKwU eo QvZv hvi QvqvZ‡j i‡q‡Q miKv‡ii `vwi`ª¨ wbimb †KŠkjmn wkÿv, ¯^v¯’¨, cywó, cq:wb®‹vkb I cvbxq Rj mieivn, Avw_©K AšÍfz©w³, bvixi ÿgZvqb, ag©xq msL¨vjNy I ÿz`ª b„‡Mvôxi mvgvwRK AšÍf©yw³KiY, cwi‡ek iÿv, Rjevqy cwieZ©b eë¯’vcbv, `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv I mvgvwRK wbivcËv BZ¨vw` welqK †NvwlZ †KŠkjmg~n| G KvVv‡gvi jÿ¨ n‡”Q e¨vcKwfwËK I mvgÄm¨c~Y© GK¸”Q bxwZi eë¯’v Kiv hv Dbœqb cÖqv‡mi †cÖwÿ‡Z AwaKZi mgZv I b¨vh¨Zv Ges mvgvwRK b¨vqwePvi AR©‡b evsjv‡`k‡K mnvqZv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

ix wRBwW

m~wPcÎ mviwY ZvwjKv - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - xiii †jLwPÎ ZvwjKv - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - xiv

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

K. cUf~wg L. `vwi`ª¨ n«v‡m AwR©Z AZxZ mvdj¨ Ges we`¨gvb P¨v‡jÄ M. eZ©gvb mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi weKvk I Kvh©m¤úv`b N. eZ©gvb mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi mgm¨v I P¨v‡jÄ O. AvšÍR©vwZK AwfÁZv †_‡K wkÿYxq P. cÖ¯ÍvweZ mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj Q. RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji A_©vqb R. RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi †mevcÖ`vb eë¯’v kw³kvjxKiY S. mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi Rb¨ djvdjwfwËK cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb eë¯’v cÖ¯ÍvweZ ms¯‹v‡ii mvims‡ÿc

x wRBwW

Aa¨vq 1: RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj cÖYq‡bi cUf‚wg 1.1 cUf‚wg 1.2 mvgvwRK wbivcËv I mvgvwRK Dbœqb KvVv‡gv 1.3 `vwi`ª¨ n«v‡mi †¶‡Î AwR©Z AMÖMwZ 1.4 evsjv‡`‡k mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi weKvk I msw¶ß weeiY 1.5 `vwi‡`ªï Dci mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi cÖfve 1.6 RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji mgm¨v I P¨v‡jÄmg~n 1.7 m¤§y‡L GwM‡q hvIqvi Dcvq Aa¨vq 2: `vwi`ª¨ cwiw¯’wZ, SyuwK Ges we`¨gvb mvgvwRK wbivcËvg~jK D‡`¨vMmg~‡ni h_v_©Zv 2.1 f~wgKv 2.2 RxebPµ KvVv‡gvi Av‡jv‡K evsjv‡`‡ki `vwi`ª¨ cwiw¯’wZ 2.2.1 Mf©aviY Ges ˆkkeKvj 2.2.2 we`¨vjq MgbKvj 2.2.3 ZiæY Rb‡Mvôx 2.2.4 Kg©ÿg eq‡mi Rb‡Mvôx 2.2.5 cÖwZewÜZv 2.2.6 eva©K¨ 2.3 mywbw`©ó †Mvôxi `vwi`ª¨ cwiw¯’wZ 2.3.1 bMi `wi`ª 2.3.2 Ae‡nwjZ I mvgvwRK myweavewÂZ Rb‡Mvôx 2.4 SyuwK †gvKv‡ejv: ¯^Kxq Ges †hŠ_ (†Kv‡fwi‡qU) SyuwK I AwfNvZ 2.4.1 †gŠmygx `vwi`ª¨ 2.4.2 Lv`¨ g~j¨ RwbZ AwfNvZ 2.4.3 A_©‰bwZK g›`v 2.5 RxebP‡µi wewfbœ ch©v‡qi SyuwKi wecix‡Z we`¨gvb mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkjmg~‡ni g¨vwcs 2.5.1 RxebP‡µi wewfbœ ch©v‡q we`¨gvb mvgvwRK wbivcËv ms¯’vb 2.5.2 cÖvK-‰kkeKvj 2.5.3 ¯‹zjMvgx †Q‡j‡g‡q 2.5.4 Kg©ÿg eqmx Rb‡Mvôx (ZiæY Rb‡Mvôxmn) 2.5.5 Kg©ÿg eqmx Rb‡Mvôxi †ÿ‡Î ev` cov Kg©m~wPmg~n 2.5.6 eq¯‹‡ì Rb¨ Kg©m~wP 2.6 †hŠ_ SyuwK cÖkg‡b M…nxZ Kg©m~wPmg~n 2.6.1 `y‡h©vMRwbZ SyuwK cÖkgbg~jK Kg©m~wPmg~n 2.7 bMi `wi`ª‡ì Rb¨ mvgvwRK wbivcËvi eZ©gvb ms¯’vb

xv xvi xvii xvii xix xix xxiii xxiv xxv xxvi

1 1 2 3 5 12 14 15 17 17 17 17 18 19 19 20 21 22 22 23 25 25 26 26 26 26 27 29 30 30 30 31 31 32

2.8 Ae‡nwjZ I myweavewÂZ Rb‡Mvôxi Rb¨ we`¨gvb mvgvwRK wbivcËv 2.8.1 cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg GjvKvq emevmiZ Rb‡Mvôxi Rb¨ Kg©m~wPmg~n 2.8.2 `wjZ‡ì Rb¨ Kg©m~wP 2.8.3 GBPAvBwf/GBW&m AvµvšÍ‡ì Rb¨ Kg©m~wP 2.8.4 cÖwZeÜx‡ì Rb¨ Kg©m~wP 2.8.5 `vwi‡`ª¨ wbcwZZ bvix‡ì Rb¨ mywbw`©ó jÿ¨wfwËK Kg©m~wP Aa¨vq 3: mvgvwRK wbivcËv welqK AvšÍR©vwZK Kg©KvÐ 3.1 f~wgKv 3.2 D”P I ga¨g Av‡qi †`kMywj‡Z mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi MVb I aib 3.3 †¯^”Qvg~jK (Kw›U«weDUwi) I miKvwi e¨‡q A_©vwqZ Kg©m~wPmg~n 3.4 Kg©m~wPi DcKvi‡fvMx evQvB 3.5 mvgvwRK wbivcËv I kÖgevRvi 3.6 mvgvwRK wbivcËv w¯‹gmg~‡ni cÖkvmb I eë¯’vcbv kw³kvjxKiY 3.6.1 ÷vd I cÖwZôvbmg~‡ni †ckv`vwiZ¡KiY 3.6.2 Z_¨ eë¯’vcbvq I Kg©m~wPi cwiex¶‡Y bZyb cÖhyw³i eënvi 3.6.3 myweav‡fvMx‡ì mnvqZv cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ Avw_©Kfv‡e AšÍf©yw³g~jK eë¯’v cÖwZôv Aa¨vq 4: mvgvwRK wbivcËvi †KŠkjMZ aviYv I cÖ¯Ívebv 4.1 f~wgKv 4.2 `xN©‡gqvw` iƒcKí I jÿ¨mg~n 4.3 mvgvwRK wbivcËvi RxebPµwfwËK eë¯’v msnZKiY 4.3.1 wkky‡ì Rb¨ mvgvwRK wbivcËv mnvqZv 4.3.2 K‡g©vc‡hvMx‡ì Rb¨ (ZiæY Rb‡Mvôxmn) Kg©m~wP 4.3.3 eq¯‹‡ì Rb¨ e¨vcKwfwËK †cbkb eë¯’v cÖwZôv 4.3.4 cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì Rb¨ mvgvwRK wbivcËvg~jK †mev cÖ`vb eë¯’v kw³kvjxKiY 4.3.5 mnRjf¨ ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi ¸iæZ¡ 4.4 Ae‡nwjZ I myweavewÂZ Rb‡Mvôxi Rb¨ mvgvwRK wbivcËv 4.5 bMi `wi`ª‡ì Rb¨ mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’v kw³kvjxKiY 4.6 Lv`¨ mnvqZv Kg©m~wPmg~n GKxf~ZKiY 4.7 †hŠ_ (†Kv‡fwi‡qU) SzuwK †gvKv‡ejvi ¶gZv †Rvi`viKiY 4.8 we‡kl Kg©m~wP I ¶z`ª Kg©m~wPmg~n GKxf‚ZKiY Aa¨vq 5: RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji A_©vqb 5.1 mvwe©K wPÎ 5.2 cÖ¯ÍvweZ Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni e¨q cÖv°jb t ev‡RUfz³ Kg©m~wPmg~n 5.2.1 eq¯‹‡ì Rb¨ e¨vcKwfwËK †cbkb eë¯’v 5.2.2 cÖwZeÜx‡ì Rb¨ Kg©m~wP 5.2.3 wkky‡ì Rb¨ Kg©m~wP 5.2.4 bvix‡ì Rb¨ Kg©m~wP 5.3 cÖ‡qvRbxq A_©vqb I A‡_©i cÖvc¨Zv 5.3.1 cybM©wVZ mvgvwRK wbivcËv eve` e¨q t RxebPµwfwËK Kg©m~wPmg~n cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ †gvU e¨q 5.3.2 cybM©wVZ mvgvwRK wbivcËvi e¨q t †hŠ_ SuywK cÖkgb, we‡klvwqZ I ÿz`ª Kg©m~wPmg~n 5.3.3 A_©vqb cÖvc¨Zv I A_©vq‡bi fvimvg¨ 5.4 `vwi`ª¨n«v‡m cÖ¯ÍvweZ cybM©wVZ mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi f~wgKv Aa¨vq 6: RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj ev¯Íevqb eë¯’v 6.1 ch©v‡jvPbv 6.2 mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni eZ©gvb ev¯Íevqb c×wZ 6.3 RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi †mev cÖ`vb kw³kvjxKiY 6.3.1 mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi †mev cÖ`v‡b cÖkvmwbK cybwe©b¨vm

35 35 35 35 36 36 38 38 38 40 41 41 43 43 43 44 46 46 47 48 48 51 54 56 58 58 58 59 59 60 62 62 62 66 66 67 67 67 67 68 69 70 72 72 72 75 75

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

m~wPcÎ

xi wRBwW

m~wPcÎ

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

6.4 Z_¨ eë¯’vcbv c×wZi Rb¨ GKK ‡iwRw÷ª cÖwZôv 6.5 Avw_©K AšÍf©yw³ cÖmv‡i mnvqK mivmwi miKvi †_‡K e¨w³ (wR2wc) †c‡g›U eë¯’v †Rvi`viKiY 6.6 mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi DcKvi‡fvMx wbe©vPb c×wZ †Rvi`viKiY 6.7 mvgvwRK wbivcËv wel‡q Dbœqb Askx`vi‡ì mv‡_ m¤ú„³Zv 6.8 GbwRI‡ì mv‡_ m¤ú„³Zv

xii wRBwW

80 80 81 82 82

Aa¨vq 7: mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi Rb¨ djvdjwfwËK cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb eë¯’v 7.1 mvwe©K wPÎ 7.2 we`¨gvb cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb eë¯’v 7.3 djvdjwfwËK cwiexÿY I g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ †KŠkj 7.3.1 †KŠk‡ji Aax‡b ¯^Zš¿ Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni cwiexÿY 7.3.2 mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj cÖwµqvi cwiexÿY 7.3.3 mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi Kvh©KvwiZvi g~j¨vqb 7.4 AvšÍR©vwZK AwfÁZv †_‡K wkÿYxq welqmg~n 7.5 ev¯Íevqb eë¯’v 7.5.1 cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb (GgGÛB) Gi Rb¨ cÖvwZôvwbK `vwqZ¡ wefvRb 7.5.2 cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb djvd‡ji h_vh_ eënvi 7.5.3 m¤§y‡L GwM‡q hvevi Dcvq

83 83 83 84 84 85 86 88 90 91 92 92

mshyw³ 1 cUf‚wg cÎmg~‡ni ZvwjKv

93 93

mviwY 1.1: mvgvwRK wbivcËv †eóbx msµvšÍ D™¢vebxmg~n Ñ GKwU mgqwPÎ mviwY 1.2: mvgvwRK wbivcËv e¨‡qi `vwi`ª¨cÖfve mviwY 2.1: RxebPµ Abyhvqx mvRv‡bv evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb cÖavb mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPmg~n mviwY 2.2: `y‡h©vM m¤úwK©Z wewfbœ Kg©m~wPi AvIZv Ges ev‡RU eivÏ mviwY 2.3: DcKvi‡fvMx‡`i msL¨vi †ÿ‡Î MÖvg/kni wefvRb mviwY 2.4: Avievb KwgDwbwU †W‡fjvc‡g›U (BDwmwW)-i wewfbœ Kg©m~wPi AvIZvq DcKvi‡fvMx Lvbvi msL¨v mviwY 2.5: bMi `wi`ª‡`i Rb¨ M„nxZ wewfbœ Kg©m~wPi Kfv‡iR I eivÏ mviwY 2.6: ¯’vb‡f‡` mKj mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi myweavi eÈb mviwY 2.7: wewfbœ bvix jwÿ¨Z Kg©m~wPi Kfv‡iR I eivÏ mviwY 5.1: miKvwi e¨‡q A_©vwqZ RxebPµwfwËK I SuywK cÖkgbg~jK cÖavb cÖavb Kg©m~wP

6 12 28 31 33 34 34 35 36 63

mviwY 5.2: wfwË-eQi (A_©eQi 2015-16)-Gi wnmv‡e miKvwi Znwe‡j A_©vwqZ RxebPµwfwËK Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq A‡_©i cwigvY mviwY 5.3: RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡j Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni e¨q wbav©iY ev Kw÷s (wewjqb UvKv) mviwY 5.4: cybM©wVZ RxebPµwfwËK Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni `vwi`ª¨ cÖfve wba©vi‡Y e¨eüZ KwíZ Abykxj‡bi djvdj mviwY 6.1: ev¯ÍevqbKvix gš¿Yvjq/ms¯’v Abyhvqx mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni ev‡RU eivÏ mviwY 6.2: e„nr AvKv‡ii mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPmg~n ev¯Íevq‡bi `vwqZ¡cÖvß gš¿Yvjqmg~n

68 69 71 72 74

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

mviwY ZvwjKv

xiii wRBwW

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

†jLwPÎ ZvwjKv

xiv wRBwW

wPÎ 1.1: `vwi`ª¨ n«v‡mi MwZaviv 2000-2010 wPÎ 1.2: `vwi`ª¨ MfxiZv I †fvM eëavb (kZvsk) wPÎ 1.3: `vwi`ª¨ n«v‡m AMÖMwZ - MÖvg ebvg kni wPÎ 1.4: wefvM Iqvwi `vwi`ª¨ cÖeYZv wPÎ 1.5: wRwWwc I †gvU e¨‡qi kZvsk wn‡m‡e mvgvwRK wbivcËv e¨q wPÎ 1.6: cÖavb cÖavb mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi eÈb (2012-13 A_©eQ‡ii mvgvwRK wbivcËv ev‡R‡Ui % wn‡m‡e) wPÎ 1.7: cÖavb Kg©m~wPi wfwË‡Z myweav‡fvMx‡ì eÈb wPÎ 1.8: RxebP‡µi SuzwKmg~n wPÎ 1.9: DcKvi‡fvMx‡ì `vwi`ª¨ cwiw¯’wZ 2010 wPÎ 2.1: wewfbœ eqmx †Q‡j‡g‡q wewkó cwiev‡i `vwi`ª¨ nvi, 2010 wPÎ 2.2: evsjv‡`‡k Acywó n«v‡mi cÖeYZv (2004-14) wPÎ 2.3: eqm MÖæc wfwË‡Z evsjv‡`‡k cÖwZewÜZvi nvi (2010) wPÎ 2.4: cÖwZ eqm MÖæ‡c cÖwZeÜx †jv‡Ki msL¨v wPÎ 2.5: cÖwZewÜZvi wkKvi Ggb cwiev‡i `vwi‡`ªï nvi, eqm MÖæc †f‡` wPÎ 2.6: lvU I Z`yaŸ© eqmx RbmsL¨vi AbycvZ wPÎ 2.7: `vwi`ª¨ SuywK‡Z _vKv eq¯‹ RbmsL¨vi AbycvZ wPÎ 2.8: wewfbœ eqm MÖæ‡ci eq¯‹ gvby‡li gv‡S `vwi`ª¨nvi wPÎ 2.9: bMi, MÖvgxY I RvZxq `vwi‡`ªï aviv (1991 - 2010) wPÎ 2.10 Ab¨vb¨ †`‡ki Zyjbvq evsjv‡`‡k cÖv_wgK I gva¨wgK Dc-e„wËi cwigvY wPÎ 2.11: Ab¨vb¨ Dbœqbkxj ‡`‡k cÖPwjZ GKB ai‡bi w¯‹‡gi mv‡_ evsjv‡`‡ki eq¯‹ fvZvi cwigv‡Yi Zyjbv wPÎ 2.12: mvgvwRK wbivcËv mnvqZv MÖnYKvix Lvbv (%) wPÎ 3.1: KwZcq wbe©vwPZ D”P Av‡qi †`‡k mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi e¨q wPÎ 3.2: `w¶Y Avwd«Kvi RxebPµwfwËK mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’v wPÎ 3.3: evsjv‡`‡k cÖwZwU †WmvB‡j AšÍf©y³ Lvbv¸wji g‡a¨ hviv Kgc‡¶ GKwU mvgvwRK wbivcËv myweav †fvM K‡i Zv‡ì AbycvZ wPÎ 3.4: `vwi`ª¨ n«vm I `vwi`ª¨ SzuwK †gvKv‡ejvq mÿgZv wbgv©‡Y kÖgkw³‡K mnvqZvi PviwU †¶Î wPÎ 4.1: miKv‡ii e„nËi mvgvwRK DbœqbbxwZ-wfwËK mnvqZvi †K‡›`ª cwievi I e¨w³ wPÎ 4.2: cÖwZeÜx‡ì Rb¨ cÖ¯ÍvweZ mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’v wPÎ 5.1: A_©vqb †KŠkjmg~n wPÎ 5.2: cÖw· wgbm †U÷ (wcGgwU)-Gi Aax‡b eR©bRwbZ ÎæwU wPÎ 6.1: avc 1: 2015-2025 wPÎ 6.2: avc-2: 2026 cieZ©x

3 3 4 4 8 9 10 11 13 17 18 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 29 31 33 39 40 41 42 46 56 64 71 77 78

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RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

mvgvwRK wbivcËvg~jK Kg©m~wP‡Z weivRgvb wewfbœ mgm¨v‡K we‡ePbvq wb‡q evsjv‡`k miKvi GKwU mgwš^Z I e¨vcKwfwËK RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj cÖYq‡bi D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡i‡Q| G cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z 2012 mv‡ji 10 †m‡Þ¤î AbywôZ gwš¿mfv êV‡K cwiKíbv Kwgk‡bi mvaviY A_©bxwZ wefvM (wRBwW)-†K RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj (GbGmGmGm) cÖYq‡bi `vwqZ¡ Ac©Y Kiv nq| gwš¿cwil` mwP‡ei †bZ…Z¡vaxb mvgvwRK wbivcËv †eóbx Kg©m~wP welqK †K›`ªxq eë¯’vcbv KwgwUi (wmGgwm) ZË¡¡veav‡b wRBwW G †KŠkj cÖYqb Ki‡e e‡j wm×všÍ M„nxZ nq| †KŠkj cÖYq‡bi Kg©cwiwa wba©viY I mvwe©K ZË¡veav‡bi `vwqZ¡I GB KwgwUi Dci b¨¯Í nq| G †KŠk‡ji welqe¯‘ I mycvwikgvjv iPbvq mnvqZvK‡í AvÂwjK I RvZxq ch©v‡q D‡jøL‡hvM¨ msL¨K Kg©kvjv, Avjvc-Av‡jvPbv I msjvc Av‡qvR‡bi eë¯’v MÖnY Kiv nq| G cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z ejv hvq, RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj n‡jv evsjv‡`‡ki ivR‰bwZK, mvgvwRK I A_©‰bwZK ev¯ÍeZv we‡ePbvq cÖYxZ m¤ú~Y©fv‡e GKwU †`kR †KŠkj|

xv wRBwW

L. `vwi`ª¨ n«v‡m AwR©Z AZxZ mvdj¨ Ges we`¨gvb P¨v‡jÄ RbmsL¨vi KZ kZvsk D”P `vwi`ª¨‡iLvi bx‡P Ae¯’vb K‡i †m we‡ePbvq ejv hvq evsjv‡`‡k `vwi‡`ªï nvi `ªæZ n«vm †c‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡k 2000 mv‡j `vwi‡`ªï nvi wQj 48.9 hv 2005 mv‡j 40 kZvs‡k †b‡g G‡m‡Q, Ges 2010 mv‡j Zv Av‡iv K‡g 31.5 kZv‡k Ges 2015 mv‡j 24.8 kZvs‡k ùvwo‡q‡Q| GQvovI, Pig `vwi‡`ªï nvi, hv wbgœ `vwi`ª¨‡iLvi bx‡P Ae¯’vbKvix RbmsL¨v Øviv cwigvc Kiv nq, Zv 2000 mv‡ji 34.3 kZvsk †_‡K K‡g 2010 mv‡j 17.6 kZvs‡k †b‡g Gm‡Q| Pig `vwi`ª¨ †gvKv‡ejvq evsjv‡`k wewfbœfv‡e wek¦‡K c_ †`wL‡q‡Q| `vwi`ª¨ MfxiZv n«v‡mi †ÿ‡ÎI D‡jøL‡hvM¨ AMÖMwZ AwR©Z n‡q‡Q| 2000 mvj †_‡K 2010 mv‡ji g‡a¨ †fvM eëavbI Ae¨vnZfv‡e K‡g‡Q| 2000 mv‡j `wi`ª gvby‡liv `vwi`ª¨‡iLv Øviv msÁvwqZ †gŠwjK Pvwn`v mswkøó Kbmv¤úkb ev‡¯‹‡Ui †P‡q M‡o 26 kZvsk Kg †fvM K‡i| G eëavb 2005 mv‡j 23 kZvsk wQj hv 2010 mv‡j 21 kZvs‡k †b‡g Av‡m| 2015 mv‡j GB eëavb cÖv°wjZ wn‡m‡e 18 kZvs‡ki wKQz Dc‡i| 1 MÖvg I kni Dfq GjvKv‡ZB `vwi`ª¨ n«vm †c‡q‡Q| Z‡e MÖvg GjvKvq `vwi‡`ªï nvi GL‡bv A‡bK †ewk| AÂj‡f‡` `vwi‡`ªï nv‡iI GKB ai‡bi µgn«vmgvb cÖeYZv jÿ Kiv hvq| evsjv‡`‡ki mKj wefv‡MB D‡jøL‡hvM¨ gvÎvq `vwi`ª¨ n«vm †c‡q‡Q| `vwi`ª¨ n«v‡mi mv‡_ mv‡_ gvbe Dbœq‡bi †ÿ‡ÎI D‡jøL‡hvM¨ AMÖMwZ AwR©Z n‡q‡Q| 2011 m‡bi Av`gkygvwii Z_¨-DcvË †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h, `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôxi Rxebgv‡bi e¨vcK DbœwZ n‡q‡Q| `vwi`ª¨ n«vm, gvbe Dbœqb I `wi`ª‡ì RxebhvÎvi gv‡bvbœqb BZ¨vw` †ÿ‡Î AMÖMwZi †iKW© evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ GK weivU AR©b Ges Zv RvwZ wn‡m‡e evsjv‡`k‡K wek¦ ìev‡i m¤§v‡bi Avm‡b AwawôZ K‡i‡Q| Gme AMÖMwZ †_‡K GwU cÖZxqgvb nq †h, †`‡ki Dbœqb †KŠkjmg~n h_vh_ wQj Ges Zv mwVK c‡_ cwiPvwjZ n‡q‡Q| G m‡Ë¡I †`‡ki `vwi`ª¨ wbg~©‡ji c‡_ e¨vcK gvÎvi P¨v‡jÄ i‡q †M‡Q| Gme P¨v‡j‡Äi Avevi bvbv w`K I gvÎv i‡q‡Q| mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi AvIZv wbav©iY I bKkv cÖYq‡b Gme P¨v‡j‡Äi Zvrch© i‡q‡Q| cÖ_gZ, `vwi`ª¨ n«v‡m e¨vcK mvdj¨ m‡Ë¡I †`‡ki RbmsL¨vi cÖvq 31.5 kZvsk (47 wgwjqb) 2010 mv‡j `vwi`ª¨ mxgvi bx‡P evm KiZ| cÖv°jb Abyhvqx 2015 mv‡j G‡mI †`‡ki 24.8 kZvsk (39.2 wgwjqb) gvbyl `vwi`ª¨ mxgvi bx‡P evm K‡i| 2010 mv‡j ‡gvU RbmsL¨vi 17.6 kZvsk Pig `vwi‡`ª¨ wbcwZZ wQj, Ges 2015 mv‡j G nvi 12.9 kZvs‡k (20.4 wgwjqb) G‡m ùvwo‡q‡Q| wØZxqZ, †`‡ki †gvU RbmsL¨vi 18.6 kZvsk †jvK D”P `vwi`ª¨‡iLvq wbav©wiZ mxgvi †P‡q 1.25 MyY Kg †fvM K‡i| G RbmsL¨v AZ¨waK SuzwKMÖ¯Í KviY †h †Kv‡bv AwfNvZ †hgb, eo ai‡bi †ivM-e¨vwa ev Amy¯’Zv, cÖvK…wZK wech©q ev Ab¨ †h †Kv‡bv ai‡bi ewnt¯’ NUbvi Kvi‡Y G‡ì GKwU e¨vcK Ask `vwi‡`ª¨ wbcwZZ n‡Z cv‡i| `wi`ª I `vwi`ª¨ SuzwK‡Z emevmKvix Rb‡Mvôxi wgwjZ As‡ki g‡a¨ hviv †ewk Afvex ev `y`©kvMÖ¯Í Zv‡ì Kv‡Q †cŠQv‡bvB mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni cÖavb jÿ¨ nIqv DwPZ|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

Z…ZxqZ, ¯’vb †f‡` (MÖvg I kni Ges wefvM) `vwi`ª¨ web¨v‡m e¨vcK cv_©K¨ jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| `vwi`ª¨ eÈ‡bi GB †fŠ‡MvwjK cv_©K¨ †_‡K †evSv hvq †h GKwU h_vh_ `vwi`ª¨ wbimb †KŠkj wba©viY I mswkøó †KŠk‡ji bKkv cÖYqY Ki‡Z n‡j Ab¨vb¨ ˆewkó¨, †hgb †RÛvi, eqm, wkÿv, m¤ú` I Kg©ms¯’vb BZ¨vw` we‡ePbvq †i‡L `vwi`ª¨ web¨vm c×wZ‡K AviI cwiï× Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| Zvrc‡h©i we‡ePbvq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj‡K `vwi`ª¨ web¨vm Ges G m¤úwK©Z SuzwKi mwVK cwigv‡ci mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y© n‡Z n‡e|

xvi wRBwW

M. eZ©gvb mvgvwRK wbivcËv e¨e¯’vi weKvk I Kvh©m¤úv`b RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj evsjv‡`‡ki mvgvwRK wbivcËv e¨e¯’vi AZxZ AwfÁZv †_‡K AwR©Z Ávb I aviYvi Dci wfwË K‡i M‡o D‡V‡Q| mvgvwRK wbivcËvi †ÿ‡Î evsjv‡`‡ki i‡q‡Q my`xN© BwZnvm hv eZ©gvb mvgvwRK

1 †fvM e¨eav‡bi cÖwgZ cÖv°j‡bi Rb¨ cÖwZwU Lvbvi †fvM m¤úwK©Z Z_¨-Dcv‡Ëi cÖ‡qvRb nq| evsjv‡`‡k 2015 mv‡j †Kv‡bv Lvbv Rwic nqwb,hv

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RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

RvZxq ch©v‡q mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi cÖfve wKQzUv cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q ÿzavwfwËK `vwi`ª¨ `ªæZ n«v‡mi gva¨‡g| GQvov AbyK…wZ (wmwgD‡jkb cÖ¨vKwUm) †_‡K †`Lv hvq hw` mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wP‡Z A_© e¨q Kiv bv n‡Zv, Zvn‡j gv_vwcQz `vwi`ª¨nvi cÖvq 33 kZvsk n‡Zv, hv eZ©gvb `vwi`ª¨nv‡ii †P‡q 1.5 kZvsk c‡q›U †ewk, Ges †m‡ÿ‡Î `vwi‡`ª¨i MfxiZvI †ewk n‡Zv|

xvii wRBwW

A_©vq‡b 145wU Kg©m~wP i‡q‡Q| 2014-15 A_©eQ‡i Gme Kg©m~wP‡Z 306.4 wewjqb UvKv eivÏ †`qv nq hv wRwWwci 2.02 kZvsk| Gme Kg©m~wP 23wU ev ZviI †ewk gš¿Yvjq/wefv‡Mi gva¨‡g cwiPvwjZ Ges ev¯ÍevqbKvix gš¿Yvjq/ms¯’vMywji g‡a¨ Z_¨ wewbg‡qi †Kv‡bv AvbyôvwbK eë¯’v †bB| Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni `ªæZ we¯Ív‡ii Kvi‡Y AwaKvsk Kg©m~wPi ev‡RU AvKv‡i †QvU Ges myweav‡fvMx cÖwZ Mo myweav cÖvwßi cwigvYI Kg| myweav‡fvMx‡ì msL¨v evo‡jI myweav‡fvMx wbev©P‡bi ÎæwU _vKvi Kvi‡Y G eë¯’v‡K Av‡iv DbœZ Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| D`vniY¯îæc, 2010 mv‡j 24.5 kZvsk cwievi e‡j‡Q †h Lvbv Avq-e¨q Rwi‡c AšÍf©z³ 30wU mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi AšÍZ †h †Kv‡bv GKwU †_‡K Zviv DcK…Z n‡q‡Q| Gme cwiev‡ii g‡a¨ 82 kZvsk `wi`ª I `vwi`ª¨SuzwKMÖ¯Í †kÖwYfy³ Ges cÖvq 18 kZvsk m”Qj †kÖwYfz³| †KŠkjMZ ch©v‡jvPbv †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©mw~Pmg~‡ni cÖvq 65 kZvsk RxebPKª m¤úwK©Z SuzwKmg~n †gvKv‡ejv Kivi †Póv K‡i| Z‡e G‡ÿ‡ÎI D‡jøL‡hvM¨ eëavb i‡q †M‡Q| mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wP‡Z 0-4 eQi eqmx wkky‡ì AšÍfz©w³ LyeB Kg| AwaKš‘, cÖwZeÜx I eq¯‹‡ì Lye ÿz`ª GKwU Ask bvggvÎ myweav †c‡q _v‡K| we`¨vjqMvgx wkky‡ì AšÍfz©w³ m‡e©v”P n‡jI Zviv †h UvKv cvq Zv cwigv‡Y LyeB Kg| UvKvi AsK Kg nIqv Ggb GKwU mgm¨v hv evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvq me mvgvwRK wbivcËvg~jK Kg©m~wP‡Z †`Lv hvq| ÿzav wbg©~j I MÖvgxY `vwi`ª¨ `~ixKi‡Yi Dci †ewk bRi †`qvi d‡j Kg©m~wP‡Z DcKvi‡fvMx‡ì AskMÖn‡Yi nvi I Kg©m~wPi A_©vqb G `ywU w`K w`‡q evsjv‡`‡k Lv`¨ mnvqZv I cjøx Kg©ms¯’vbwfwËK Kg©m~wPi cÖvavb¨ jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| MZ 10 eQ‡i wRwWwci `ªyZ cÖe„w× I K…wl Lv‡Z Afvebxq AMÖMwZ AwR©Z nIqvq ÿzav I Lv`¨ `vwi‡`ªï cÖ‡Kvc e¨vcKfv‡e n«vm †c‡q‡Q| AviI jÿ¨ Kiv hvq †h, K…wl kÖg evRvi msKzwPZ n‡q Avmvq cÖK…Z K…wl gRywii †e‡o hv‡”Q| cwieZ©bkxj A_©‰bwZK †cÖÿvc‡U `vwi‡`ªï cÖK…wZ I ¯îƒc Ges `vwi`ª¨ SuzwKi iƒc‡iLvI cwiewZ©Z n‡”Q| GRb¨ GKwesk kZvãx‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki RbM‡Yi mvgvwRK wbivcËv Pvwn`v c~i‡Y eZ©gvb mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni aib ev ch©vßZvi cybg©~j¨vqb Avek¨K|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

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xviii wRBwW

eZ©gv‡b †`‡ki kÖg evRv‡i AbvbyôvwbK Kg©ms¯’v‡bi cÖvavb¨ jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| evsjv‡`k 2021 mvj bvMv` ga¨g Av‡qi †`‡k DbœxZ n‡Z Pvq Ges B‡Zvg‡a¨ gv_vwcQz RvZxq Avq 1,314 gvwK©b Wjvi Qvwo‡q †M‡Q| †h‡nZz A_©bxwZi cwiwa I Kg©KvÐ evo‡Q Ges wRwWwc I Kg©ms¯’v‡b AvaywbK wkíwfwËK I msMwVZ †mev Lv‡Zi Ask evo‡Q, †m‡nZz mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi cÖ‡qvRbxq Pvwn`v‡ZI e¨vcK cwieZ©b Avb‡Z n‡e| mvgvwRK †mev cÖ`v‡bi c×wZ myyiÿv †eóbx †_‡K AwaKZi AšÍfz©w³g~jK mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vq we¯Í…Z Kiv cÖ‡qvRb n‡e, Ges G‡K RxebPµ c×wZi mv‡_ hy³ K‡i G‡Z Kg©ms¯’vb bxwZ I mvgvwRK wegv eë¯’v‡K AšÍf©y³ Ki‡Z n‡e| †mBmv‡_, G‡K AvaywbK bMiwfwËK A_©bxwZi Pvwn`vi mv‡_ Lvc LvB‡q Pj‡Z n‡e| ‰Zwi †cvkvK Lv‡Z D™¢‚Z SuzwKmg~n B‡Zvg‡a¨ Gai‡bi Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv wb‡`©k K‡i| eZ©gvb mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi GKwU Ab¨Zg cÖavb mxgve×Zv n‡jv Kvh©Ki cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb eë¯’vi Afve| RvZxq ch©v‡q ev gš¿Yvj‡qi wbR¯^ Kg©m~wP ch©v‡q †Kv‡bv †ÿ‡ÎB mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi Kg©m¤úv`b wbqwgZ ch©v‡jvPbv Kivi eë¯’v †bB| m¤úªwZ Kg©m~wPi cÖfve g~j¨vqb kxl©K wKQz mgxÿv mxwgZ cwim‡i `vZv‡ì mnvqZvq m¤úbœ n‡q‡Q| Gme mgxÿvi djvdj mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni Rb¨ myMwVZ I Kvh©Ki cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb eë¯’v cÖwZôvi MyiæZ¡ I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv‡K Zz‡j a‡i‡Q|

O. AvšÍR©vwZK AwfÁZv †_‡K wkÿYxq AvšÍR©vwZK AwfÁZv †_‡K wkÿv wb‡q RvZxq GB †KŠkj DcK…Z n‡q‡Q| cÖ_gZ, mvgvwRK wbivcËv †h GKwU Kvh©Ki eë¯’v Ges `vwi`ª¨ †gvKv‡ejv I A_©‰bwZK cÖe„w× AR©‡bi †h GwU GKwU Acwinvh© nvwZqvi we‡k¦ Ggb cÖPzi `„óvšÍ i‡q‡Q| Z‡e, Kvh©Ki cÖfve ivL‡Z n‡j †h ‡Kvb mvgvwRK myweav Aby`v‡bi cwigvY Ges Kg©m~wPi cwiwa D‡jøL‡hvM¨fv‡e eo n‡Z n‡e| wØZxqZ, RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi weKv‡ki cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q †`kmg~n mvaviYZ AwZ `wi`ª cwievi¸‡jv‡KB jÿ¨ K‡i Kg©m~wP MÖnY K‡i _v‡K| mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’v cwiYZ nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ `vwi‡`ªï KviY Ges RxebP‡µi wewfbœ ch©v‡qi mv‡_ mswkøó SzuwK I P¨v‡jÄ †gvKv‡ejvi j‡ÿ¨ mvaviYZ Kg©m~wP MÖnY Kiv n‡q _v‡K| Z…ZxqZ, mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’v M‡o †Zvjvi ci miKvi KZ©„K A_©vwqZ w¯‹gmg~n Ges mvgvwRK wegv w¯‹gmg~‡ni g‡a¨ Av‡cwÿK fvimvg¨ cÖwZôv Kivi cÖ‡qvRb nq| AvšÍR©vwZK AwfÁZv †_‡K †`Lv †M‡Q, bvMwiK‡ì b~¨bZg ch©v‡qi myweav cÖ`v‡b we‡kl K‡i `wi`ª, AbvbyôvwbK Lv‡Zi K‡g© wb‡qvwRZ I Kg©nxb‡ì Dci we‡kl `„wó w`‡Z KiwfwËK A_©vq‡bi cÖ‡qvRb nq| mvgvwRK wegv w¯‹g Zv‡ì mnvqK n‡e hv‡ì RxebPµ m¤úwK©Z wewfbœ SuzwK †hgb, eva©K¨, Amy¯’Zv I Kg© m¤úwK©Z `yN©Ubvi Rb¨ AwZwi³ ev evowZ wbivcËvq wewb‡qvM Kivi g‡Zv ch©vß Avq Av‡Q | PZz_©Z, wewfbœ †`k RxebPµwfwËK mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi w`‡K avweZ nIqvq †h cÖkœwU mvg‡b Av‡m Zv n‡jv miKvwi e¨‡q A_©vwqZ Kg©m~wPmg~‡n `wi`ª I `vwi`ª¨SuzwKMÖ¯Í cwievi¸‡jv‡K Kxfv‡e m‡ev©Ëgfv‡e AšÍf©y³ Kiv hv‡e| `wi`ª e¨w³‡ì‡K wPwýZ Ki‡Z wewfbœ †`‡k bvbv cÖKvi Dcvq Aej¤^b Ki‡Z †`Lv †M‡Q †hgb, KwgDwbwU-wfwËK wbev©Pb, AwbixwÿZ wbev©Pb c×wZ (Avb‡fwidvBW wgbm †U÷) Ges c‡ivÿ wbev©Pb c×wZ (cÖw· wgbm †U÷)| Z‡e me cixÿv‡ZB Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e D”P gvÎvi fzj msNwUZ nIqvi m¤¢vebv _v‡K| †Kv‡bv GKK c×wZi †P‡q mgwš^Z c×wZ AwaKZi Kvh©Ki| cÂgZ, mwVK I h_vh_ cÖkvmwbK eë¯’vi AšÍfz©³ mgš^qK ms¯’v, kw³kvjx ev¯ÍevqbKvix ms¯’v, †ckv`vi Kg©x evwnbx, myôz Z_¨ eë¯’vcbv c×wZ, Avw_©K cÖwZôvbwfwËK †jb-†`b eë¯’v, h_vh_ cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb Ges myweav‡fvMx‡ì Awf‡hvM mgvav‡b Gme Avwcj eë¯’v¸‡jvB n‡jv myôz mvgvwRK wbivcËv †mevcÖ`vb eë¯’vi h_v‡hvM¨ Dcv`vb| mvgvwRK Dbœqb KvVv‡gvi †cÖwÿ‡Z RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: miKv‡ii Ab¨vb¨ †hmKj bxwZ I Kg©m~wPi mgš^‡q e„nËi mvgvwRK Dbœqb KvVv‡gv (GmwWGd) MwVZ n‡q‡Q mvgvwRK wbivcËv bxwZ‡K †m¸‡jvi GKwU g~j Dcv`vb wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e| mvgvwRK Dbœqb KvVv‡gvi cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv e¨vcKwfwËK I mymvgÄm¨c~Y© bxwZgvjv cÖYqY Kiv hv evsjv‡`k‡K Zvi Dbœqb cÖ‡Póvi cUf~wgKvq AwaKZi mgZv I mvgvwRK b¨vqwePvi AR©‡b mnvqZv Ki‡e| G jÿ¨ AR©b Ki‡Z n‡e A‡bK¸‡jv bxwZ I Kg©m~wP I G‡ì wg_w®Œqvi gva¨‡g| Gme bxwZ I Kg©m~wPi g‡a¨ AšÍ©fz³ i‡q‡Q miKv‡ii `vwi`ª¨ wbimb †KŠkj, wkÿv †KŠkj, ¯^v¯’¨, cywó I RbmsL¨v †KŠkj, m¨vwb‡Ukb I cvwb mieivn †KŠkj, AšÍf©zw³g~jK A_©vqb †KŠkj, bvixi ÿgZvqb I †RÛvi †KŠkj, b„‡Mvôx I ag©xq msL¨vjNy‡ì mvgvwRK AšÍf©zw³ †KŠkj, `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv †KŠkj Ges mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj| Gme Kg©m~wP I †KŠkj cÖK…wZMZ w`K w`‡q ci®ú‡ii cwic~iK Ges GMywj `vwi`ª¨ n«v‡mi Dci Kg©m~wPi cÖfve‡K †Rviv‡jv K‡i, `wi`ª‡ì SuywK I wec`vcbœZvi gvÎv Kgvq Ges `„p mvgvwRK HK¨ I msnwZ cÖwZôv K‡i| RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji iƒcKí: mvgvwRK wbivcËv wel‡q bvMwiK‡ì AwaKvi wbwðZKi‡Y miKv‡ii mvsweavwbK evaëvaKZv i‡q‡Q| RvZxq wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji `xN©‡gqv`x jÿ¨ n‡jv Ggb GKwU mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi cÖwZôv Kiv hv evsjv‡`‡ki mKj bvMwi‡Ki Kv‡Q MÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡e, Ges hv b~¨bZg Av‡qi wbðqZv weavb Kiv QvovI wewfbœ ai‡bi msKU I SuywK‡Z _vKv Rb‡Mvwô‡K AwaKZi e¨vcKwfwËK mvgvwRK wbivcËv cÖ`vb Ki‡e| myZivs mvgvwRK wbivcËvi `xN©‡gqvw` iƒcKí n‡jv: evsjv‡`‡ki mKj (mvgvwRK wbivcËv myweav jv‡fi) †hvM¨ bvMwi‡Ki Rb¨ Ggb GKwU AšÍf©zw³g~jK mvgvwRK eë¯’v M‡o †Zvjv hv `vwi`ª¨ I AmgZv Kvh©Kifv‡e cÖwZ‡iva I †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z cvi‡e Ges e¨vcKZi gvbe Dbœqb, Kg©ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM m„wó I A_©‰bwZK cÖe„w× AR©‡b f‚wgKv ivL‡e|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

P. cÖ¯ÍvweZ mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj

xix wRBwW

G `xN©‡gqvw` iƒcKí‡K mvg‡b †i‡LB eZ©gvb RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| myZivs AvMvgx 5 eQi miKvi GB `xN©‡gqvw` jÿ¨ AR©‡b h_vh_ c`‡ÿc MÖnY Ki‡e| Z‡e e¨vcK cwieZ©b mvwaZ n‡Z †h mg‡qi cÖ‡qvRb †m ev¯ÍeZv‡KI we‡ePbvq ivLv n‡e| miKvi GKwU e¨vcKwfwËK I ÔAšÍf©yw³g~jKÕ eë¯’vi wfwË MV‡bi Dci †Rvi †`‡e| AvMvgx 5 eQ‡ii Rb¨ RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji jÿ¨ n‡e: m¤ú‡ì AwaKZi `ÿ I Kvh©Ki eënvi wbwðZ K‡i †mevcÖ`vb eë¯’v‡K kw³kvjx K‡i AwaKZi AšÍf©yw³g~jK mvgvwRK wbivcËvi w`‡K GwM‡q hvIqv hv nZ`wi`ª I mgv‡Ri me©vwaK SuywKMÖ¯Í m`m¨‡ì‡K AMÖvwaKvi w`‡q RxebP‡µi wewfbœ SuzwKmg~n Kvh©Kifv‡e †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡e| ga¨‡gqvw` AMÖvwaKvi P¨v‡jÄmg~n: mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’v wel‡q AZxZ AwfÁZv ch©v‡jvPbvi wfwË‡Z AvMvgx 5 eQ‡i †hme AMÖvwaKvi P¨v‡jÄ †gvKvwejv Ki‡Z n‡e †m¸‡jv n‡jv: • A‡cÿvK…Z Kg Kfv‡iR I AcP‡qi g‡Zv mgm¨v cwinvi Ki‡Z B‡”QgvwdK myweav‡fvMx wbe©vPb c×wZ †_‡K m‡i G‡m mywbw`©ó jÿ¨wfwËK me©Rbxb c×wZ MÖnY| • gv I wkky, wK‡kvi I ZiæY, K‡g©vc‡hvMx, eq¯‹ Ges cÖwZeÜx †jvK‡ì Dci me©vwaK ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc K‡i nZ`wi`ª/AwZ`wi`ª, cÖvwšÍK Rb‡Mvôx I me©vwaK SzuwKMÖ¯Í gvbyl‡ì Rb¨ cÖavb Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni AvIZv I cwiwa m¤cÖmvwiZ Kiv| AvMvgx 5 eQ‡ii Rb¨ GKwU †gŠwjK j¶¨ n‡e Pig `vwi`ª¨ hZUzKz m¤¢e Kwg‡q Avbv| • G eë¯’v‡K Kvh©Ki Ki‡Z AwZ `wi`ª‡ì KiæY Ae¯’v we‡ePbvq Zv‡ì DËiYK‡í †hme Kg©m~wP i‡q‡Q †m¸‡jvi avivevwnK wKšÍy e¨vcK µge„w×i cÖ‡qvRb| Gi gva¨‡g AwZ`wi`ª‡ì Rb¨ cÖK…Z I cÖZ¨¶ DcvR©‡bi my‡hvM cÖ`v‡bi cvkvcvwk AvbyôvwbK I AbvbyôvwbK Ges cwic~iK Kv‡Ri my‡hvM m„wó Ki‡Z n‡e| d‡j Zv‡ì Rb¨ Pig `vwi`ª¨ †_‡K †ei n‡q Avmvi my‡hvM m„wó n‡e| • me©vwaK SzuwKMÖ¯Í gwnjv‡ì Rb¨ Avq-wbivcËvi cvkvcvwk kÖgevRv‡ii mv‡_ m¤c„³ nevi my‡hvM wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| bvix‡ì Rb¨ me‡P‡q †ewk mvgvwRK wbivcËvi cÖ‡qvRb n‡e gvZ…Z¡Kvjxb mg‡q| • Ggb GKwU mvgvwRK wegv eë¯’v cÖeZ©‡bi D‡`¨vM wb‡Z n‡e hv gvbyl‡K wb‡Ri wbivcËvi Rb¨ wewb‡qvM Ki‡Z m¶g Ki‡e Ges eva©K¨Kvjxb SzuwK, A¶gZv, †eKviZ¡/Kg©nxbZv I gvZ…Z¡ BZ¨vw` †¶‡Î myi¶v cÖ`vb Ki‡e| • bMi GjvKvi `wi`ª I SzuwKMÖ¯Í Awaevmx‡ì Ges mgv‡Ri Ae‡nwjZ I myweavewÂZ Rb‡Mvôx‡K AšÍf©z³ K‡i mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni (¯^v¯’¨, cywó I wk¶v) AvIZv I cwiwa we¯Í…Z Kiv| •

mvgvwRK wbivcËv e¨e¯’v †hb GKwU Kvh©Ki `y‡h©vM mvov`vb e¨e¯’vi mnvqK wn‡m‡e f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i Zv wbwðZ Kiv|

• AvaywbK Z_¨ e¨e¯’vcbv c×wZ Ges cÖwkw¶Z I †ckv`vi Kg©x evwnbx M‡o †Zvjvi gva¨‡g AMÖvwaKviwfwËK mnvqZv cÖ`vb e¨e¯’v‡K kw³kvjx Kiv|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

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mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wP m¤c‡K© DcKvi‡fvMx‡`i m‡PZbZv e„w× Kiv Ges m¤¢ve¨ `vZv‡kÖwY‡K AbycÖvwYZ Kiv|

RxebPµ SuzwKg~n we‡ePbvq Kg©m~wP msnZKiY: RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj we`¨gvb Kg©m~wPmg~n‡K Aí K‡qKwU AMÖvwaKvi w¯‹‡g GKxfe‡bi gva¨‡g †mMywj‡K RxebPµ eë¯’vq iƒcvšÍ‡i mnvqZv Ki‡e| Gi D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q D”P AMÖvwaKvi w¯‹g wPwýZ Kiv Ges †ewkmsL¨K `wi`ª I SuzwKMÖ¯Í Rb‡Mvôx‡K AšÍfz©³ Kivi gva¨‡g G‡K AwaKZi AšÍf©zw³g~jK Kiv| GwU m¤¢e n‡e AMÖvwaKvi w¯‹gmg~‡ni cwiwa ch©vqµ‡g e„w× K‡i Ges evQvB cÖwµqvq `wi`ª I SuzwKMÖ¯Í cwievi¸‡jvi AMÖvwaKvi wbwðZKi‡Yi gva¨‡g| RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji myweav cÖ`vb eë¯’v êlg¨g~jK n‡e bv Ges ag©, eY©, †ckv I Ae¯’vb wbwe©‡k‡l hviv Avq gvb`Ð I RxebPµ m¤úwK©Z Ab¨vb¨ gvb`Ð ev cÖwZewÜZv m¤úwK©Z Ab¨vb¨ evQvB gvb`Ð c~iY K‡i Giƒc mKj `wi`ª I SuywKMÖ¯Í Rb‡Mvôx Gi myweav cv‡e|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡j wb‡`©wkZ 5wU cÖavb RxebPµ Kg©m~wP wb‡gœ eY©bv Kiv n‡jv : wkï‡ì Rb¨ Kg©m~wP : mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡j wkï‡ì Rb¨ `ywU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Kg©m~wPi cÖ¯Íve Kiv n‡q‡Q : • `wi`ª I SuywKMÖ¯Í cwiev‡ii Pvi eQ‡ii bx‡Pi me wkïi Rb¨ Aby`v‡bi eë¯’v Kiv| G Aby`vb cÖwZ cwiev‡i AbwaK `ywU wkïi Rb¨ mxwgZ _vK‡e hv‡Z RbmsL¨v eë¯’vcbv bxwZi Dc‡i †Kv‡bv ai‡bi weiƒc cÖfve bv c‡o| • `wi`ª I SuywKMÖ¯Í cwievi¸‡jvi cÖv_wgK I gva¨wgK we`¨vjqMvgx me wkï‡ì Rb¨ e„wËi eë¯’v Kiv| • wkï‡ì‡K cÖwZeÜx myweav, we`¨vj‡q Lv`¨ myweav, I GwZg‡ì Rb¨ Kg©m~wP myweav cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e| GQvovI, cwiZ¨³ wkï‡ì Rb¨ Zv‡ì GB Ae¯’vi Rb¨ `vqx AwffveK‡ì wbKU †_‡K Avw_©K mnvqZv wbwðZKi‡Y AvBbx myiÿv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e| ● wkï‡ì wUKv`vb, wkï ¯^v¯’¨ †mev I cywó, cvwb mieivn I m¨vwb‡Ukb Ges cywó cÖmvi msµvšÍ Kvh©µg †Rvi`vi Kiv n‡e| K‡g©vc‡hvMx‡ì Rb¨ Kg©m~wP : mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡j Kg©ÿg eqmx‡ì Rb¨ Kg©m~wPi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q :

• `wi`ª I SuywKMÖ¯Í Rb‡Mvôxi AšÍf©z³ lv‡UvaŸ© eqmx †R¨ô bvMwiK‡ì Rb¨ eq¯‹ fvZvi eë¯’v Kiv| A_© wefv‡Mi AvIZvaxb miKvwi †cbk‡b GB gyn~‡Z© †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b Kiv n‡e bv, Av‡Mi g‡ZvB Zv Ae¨vnZ _vK‡e| • RvZxq mvgvwRK wegv Kg©m~wP Pvjyi m¤¢vebv LwZ‡q †`Lv n‡e| GwU 2010 mv‡ji wegv AvB‡bi Aax‡b wegv Dbœqb I wbqš¿Y KZ…©c‡ÿi AvIZvq cwiPvwjZ n‡e| gvwjK I Kg©x Dfq c‡ÿi Ae`v‡bi Dci wfwË K‡i wegv Znwej MwVZ n‡e| RvZxq mvgvwRK wegv Kg©m~wP †cbkb QvovI Ab¨vb¨ mnvqZv (cÖwZeÜx, Amy¯’Zv, †eKviZ¡ I gvZ…Z¡) fvZv cÖ`vb Ki‡e| • †emiKvwi Lv‡Z †¯^”Qvaxb †cbkb Kg©m~wP Pvjyi Dcvqmg~n ch©v‡jvPb Kiv n‡e| †ckv I Kg©ms¯’vb wbwe©‡k‡l Zv mKj bvMwi‡Ki Rb¨ D¤§y³ _vK‡e| • eq¯‹ fvZv I miKvwi Kg©Pvix‡ì †cbkb Kg©m~wPi A_©vqb ev‡RU †_‡K Kiv n‡e| RvZxq mvgvwRK wegv Kg©m~wP I Ô†emiKvwi †¯^”Qv‡mex †cbkbÕ w¯‹‡g A_©vqb Kiv n‡e wb‡qvMKZ©v I Kg©x Dfq KZ©„K cÖ`Ë Puv`v †_‡K| cÖwZeÜx‡ì Rb¨ Kg©m~wP : cÖwZeÜx‡ì Rb¨ wb‡¤œv³ Kg©m~wP _vK‡e : • •

wkï cÖwZeÜx‡`i Rb¨ wkï cÖwZeÜx myweav| K‡g©vc‡hvMx cÖwZeÜx Rb‡Mvôxi Rb¨ cÖwZeÜx myweav|

fvZvi cÖK…Z g~j¨ AÿzYœ ivLv : fvZvi cÖK…Z g~j¨ hv‡Z K‡g bv hvq †mRb¨ RxebPµwfwËK g~j Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni gva¨‡g

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

• ZiæY‡ì wkÿv mgvßKi‡Y DrmvwnZ Ki‡Z Ges K‡g©vc‡hvMx ZiæY I eq¯‹ kÖgkw³‡K cÖ‡hvRbxq `ÿZv AR©‡b mÿg Ki‡Z wkÿv I cÖwkÿY Kg©m~wP †Rvi`viKiY| • †eKvi `wi`ª‡ì Rb¨ Kv‡Ri wewbg‡q Lv`¨ Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevqb Kiv| miKvi Lv`¨wfwËK Kg©m~wPmg~n‡K bM` A_©wfwËK Kg©m~wP‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ Ki‡e Ges wewÿßfv‡e M„nxZ Kg©m~wP¸‡jv‡K GKxf~Z Kiv n‡e| • RvZxq mvgvwRK wegv Kg©m~wPi Ask wn‡m‡e †eKviZ¡, Amy¯’Zv, gvZ…Z¡ I `yN©UbvRwbZ wegv Pvjyi m¤¢ve¨Zv hvPvB Kiv n‡e| • SuzwKMÖ¯Í bvix‡ì (weaev, ZvjvKcÖvß, `y¯’, GKvKx gvZv I wK‡kvix evwjKvmn †eKvi GKvKx bvix) Rb¨ Avw_©K mnvqZv Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevqb Ges kÖgevRv‡i Zv‡ì AskMÖnY mnRZi Kiv| gwnjviv eq¯‹ fvZv cv‡eb Ges †hvM¨Zvi kZ© c~iY Ki‡j cÖwZeÜx myweavI cv‡eb| AwaKšÍ,y SuywKMÖ¯Í K‡g©vc‡hvMx bvixiv †Kv‡bv we‡kl RwUjZv ev mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb n‡j Zv‡ì‡K `yt¯’ bvix myweav Kg©m~wPi Aax‡b Avq Aby`vb myweav cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e| ● ¯^v¯’¨ I cwievi Kj¨vY gš¿Yvjq cwiPvwjZ gvZ…¯^v¯’¨ fvDPvi w¯‹g m¤úªmviY Ges kÖgevRv‡i gwnjv‡ì AskMÖn‡Y mnvqZv Ki‡Z wewfbœ bxwZ c`‡ÿc MÖn‡Yi cÖ¯Íve Kiv n‡q‡Q| eq¯‹‡ì Rb¨ e¨vcKwfwËK †cbkb eë¯’v : GB ms¯‹vig~jK Kg©m~wPi PviwU Ask i‡q‡Q :

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RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

xxii wRBwW

cÖ`Ë mKj bM` fvZv, gy`ªvùxwZi mv‡_ m½wZ †i‡L wba©viY Kiv n‡e| cÂg Aa¨v‡q †h e¨q cÖv°jb Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv †_‡K †evSv hvq †h GwU ev¯Íevq‡b †Kv‡bv A_©vqb mgm¨v n‡e bv| Avq-‡hvM¨Zvi gvb`Ð : DcwiD³ Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni myweav‡fvMx wnmv‡e †mme `wi`ª I SuywKMÖ¯Í gvby‡liv wbe©vwPZ n‡e hviv cÖwZwU wbw`©ó Kg©m~wPi Ab¨vb¨ kZ©vw` c~iY Ki‡e| cwimsL¨vb I Z_¨ eë¯’vcbv wefvM KZ©„K cÖYxZ cÖw· wgbm †U‡÷i Dci wfwË K‡i Avq-†hvM¨Zv wba©vwiZ n‡e| †mRb¨ †K›`ªxq Z_¨ fvÐvi m„wó Ki‡Z n‡e| ¯^v¯’¨ wegv I gvbe Dbœqb mswkøó Kg©KvÐ : miKvi AeMZ Av‡Q †h ¯^v¯’¨ Lv‡Zi A_©vq‡bi ms¯‹vi Qvov Ges ¯^v¯’¨, wkÿv, cvwb mieivn I m¨vwb‡Ukb BZ¨vwì †mev mieiv‡n n¯Í‡ÿc Qvov RxebPµwfwËK Kg©m~wPmg~n †_‡K cÖ`Ë bM` fvZv cÖ`vb GKKfv‡e Kvw•ÿZ djvdj AR©b Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| miKvi B‡Zvg‡a¨ GKwU `xN©‡gqvw` e¨vcKwfwËK ¯^v¯’¨ A_©vqb †KŠkj MÖnY K‡i‡Q, hv m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡e| AwaKšÍ,y ¯^v¯’¨ †mev, cywó, cvwb mieivn I m¨vwb‡Ukb Ges wkÿv I cÖwkÿY BZ¨vw` †Rvi`viKi‡Yi cÖ‡Póv Ae¨vnZ _vK‡e| gwy³‡hv×v‡ì Rb¨ we‡kl Kg©m~wP : gyw³‡hv×v I Zuv‡ì cwievi‡K mnvqZv cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ M„nxZ Kg©m~wP¸‡jv GKxf~Z gyw³‡hv×v Kj¨vY Kg©m~wPi Aax‡b Ae¨vnZ _vK‡e| ÿzz`ª Kg©m~wPmg~n‡K msnZKiY : mv¤úªwZK eQi¸‡jv‡Z ÿz`ª Kg©m~wPi msL¨v `ªyZ †e‡o‡Q| mywbw`©ó P¨v‡jÄ ev mgm¨v †gvKv‡ejvq cvBjU wfwË‡Z bZzb cš’v Pvjyi wbwg‡Ë Gme Kg©m~wPi †ewkifvMB Dbœqb mn‡hvMx‡ì mnvqZvq M„nxZ n‡q‡Q| RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji g~j Kg©m~wPmg~n cÖYq‡bi †ÿ‡Î Gme Kg©m~wP D™¢vebxg~jK aviYv, DbœxZKiY Ges Kg©m~wPi GKxf‚ZKi‡Yi my‡hvM m„wói gva¨‡g bZzb gvÎv †hvM Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv we‡Pbvq ivLv cÖ‡qvRb| GmKj Kg©m~wP Kx gvÎv †hvM Ki‡e A_©vr G¸‡jv †_‡K Kx myweav cvIqv hv‡e ev Kx djvdj AwR©Z n‡e BZ¨vw` wbiƒc‡Yi Rb¨ `vwqZ¡cÖvß _vK‡e cwiKíbv Kwgk‡bi mvaviY A_©bxwZ wefv‡Mi †bZ…‡Z¡ Gme cÖwZwU ÿz`ª Kg©m~wPi ev¯ÍevqbKvix ev c„ô‡cvlK gš¿Yvjq| cÖwZwU gš¿Yvjq Zvi AvIZvaxb Kg©m~wP Ae¨vnZ ivLv DwPZ wKbv †m wel‡q GKwU weR‡bm †KBm cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡e| cÖwZwU gš¿Yvjq KZ©„K cÖ¯‘ZK…Z weR‡bm †KB‡mi wfwË‡Z †Kvb †Kvb Kg©m~wP Ae¨vnZ _vKv DwPr ev DwPr bq †m wel‡q wRBwWi †bZ…‡Z¡ cwiKíbv Kwgkb gwš¿cwil‡ì Kv‡Q cÖ¯Íve †ck Ki‡e| Lv`¨ mnvqZv Kg©m~wPmg~n‡K msnZKiY : `y‡h©vMKv‡j I `y‡h©vM cieZ©xKv‡j `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbvi cÖwZwµqv wn‡m‡e `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv I ÎvY gš¿Yvj‡qi eë¯’vcbvq Lv`¨ mnvqZv Ae¨vnZ _vK‡e| cÖ‡qvRb n‡j ÿzav I Lv`¨ cÖvwß Bmy¨ †gvKv‡ejvq Lv`¨ gš¿Yvj‡qi eë¯’vcbvaxb †Lvjv evRv‡i weµ‡qi (IGgGm) cwiwa we¯Í…Z Kiv n‡e| IGgGm eZ©gv‡bi g‡Zv wbw`©ó jÿ¨-wfwËK wn‡m‡eB Pvjy _vK‡e| IGgG‡mi gva¨‡g Lv`¨ weZiY Ges `y‡h©vMKvjxY ÎvY wn‡m‡e Lv`¨ weZiY eë¯’v‡K miKv‡ii Lv`¨ gRy` bxwZ I b¨vh¨g~j¨ bxwZi mv‡_ mgwš^Z Kiv n‡e| Mfxi ch©v‡jvPbv n‡Z cÖvß mycvwi‡ki wfwË‡Z `xN©‡gqvw` †cÖwÿ‡Z miKvi mKj Kg©-m„Rbg~jK Lv`¨ mnvqZv Kg©m~wP¸‡jv‡K bM` A_© n¯ÍvšÍig~jK Kg©m~wP‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ Kivi welqwU we‡ePbv Ki‡e| Rjevqy cwieZ©b, cwi‡ek Aebqb I `y‡h©vM cÖ¯‘wZRwbZ SuzwK I wec`vcbœZv n«vm Kiv : miKv‡ii e¨vcKZi Dbœqb cÖ‡Póvi Ask wn‡m‡e Rjevqy cwieZ©b I `y‡h©vM cÖwZ‡iva †gvKv‡ejvq M„nxZ Kg©m~wPmg~n‡K AviI †Rvi`vi Kiv n‡e| K…wl M‡elYv, euva I cybtebvqb Kg©m~wP, `y‡h©vM †gvKv‡ejv cÖ¯‘wZ BZ¨vw` Rjevqy cwieZ©b I cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM †_‡K RbM‡Yi wec`vcbœZv I SuywKi gvÎv Kgv‡Z ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv ivL‡Q| `xN©‡gqvw` Kg©m~wP †hgb, cwiKwíZ eØxc (†Wëv) GjvKv Dbœqb G‡ÿ‡Î AviI †ewk DcKv‡i Avm‡e| bMi GjvKvi Rb‡Mvôxi Kv‡Q †cuŠQv‡bv : miKvi bMi GjvKvq emevmiZ `wi`ª I SuywKMÖ¯Í Rb‡Mvôx‡K AwaK nv‡i mvgvwRK wbivcËv †eóbxi AvIZvq wb‡q Avmvi cÖ‡qvRb m¤ú‡K© mRvM| †h‡nZz eq¯‹, wkky, `y¯’ gwnjv I cÖwZeÜx‡ì Rb¨ AMÖvwaKviwfwËK mvgvwRK wbivcËvg~jK Kg©m~wP we¯Í…Z n‡”Q, †m‡nZz GUvI wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e †h Ab¨ mevi b¨vq bM‡ii evwm›`v‡ìI Gme Kg©m~wP‡Z AšÍfz©³ nIqvi mgvb my‡hvM i‡q‡Q| miKvi AviI Abyaveb K‡i‡Q †h, AvbyôvwbK A_©‰bwZK Kg©KvÐmg~‡ni Ae¯’vbMZ Kvi‡Y RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji bZzb cÖ¯Ívemg~n, †hgb: wkky cwiPh©v I RvZxq mvgvwRK wegv w¯‹g, cÖv_wgKfv‡e bMi GjvKvi Awaevmx‡ì me©vwaK DcKvi mvab Ki‡e| myZivs MÖvg GjvKvi Rb‡Mvôxi Kv‡Q Gme myweav m¤úªmvwiZ Ki‡ZI we‡kl cÖ‡Póv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e| mvgvwRKfv‡e ewÂZ Rb‡Mvôxi Kv‡Q †cuŠQv‡bv : mgv‡Ri Ae‡nwjZ, myweavewÂZ I wcwQ‡q cov wewfbœ Rb‡Mvôx †RÛvi, ag©, RvwZ, †ckv ev Amy¯’Zv BZ¨vwì wfwË‡Z bvbv ai‡bi mvgvwRK eÂbvi wkKvi nq|

miKvi AvBwb I Ab¨vb¨ BwZevPK c`‡ÿ‡ci gva¨‡g Gme Rb‡Mvôxi cÖwZ mKj cÖKvi êlg¨ I eÂbvi we‡jvc mva‡b AZ¨šÍ mRvM| GwU miKv‡ii e¨vcKwfwËK mvgvwRK Dbœqb KvVv‡gvi GKwU eo G‡RÛv| miKvi AviI wbwðZ Ki‡e †h, Ab¨ mevi b¨vq Gme Rb‡MvôxiI mKj ai‡bi mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi myweav cÖvwßi cvkcvwk miKvi cÖ`Ë mKj †gŠwjK †mev (wkÿv, ¯^v¯’¨, cywó, RbmsL¨v cwiKíbv, cvwb mieivn I m¨vwb‡Ukb) cÖvwßi mgvb my‡hvM i‡q‡Q| miKvi wek¦vm K‡i †h, Gme Rb†Mvôxi Dbœq‡b mnvqZvKi‡Y `y¯Íi wewkó miKvwi bxwZ n‡”Q m‡e©vËg Dcvq| Gme Rb‡Mvôxi A‡bK m`‡mï Kv‡Q †cuŠQv‡Z †h we‡kl ai‡bi D‡`¨vM ev c`‡ÿc MÖn‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb n‡e †m wel‡qI miKvi h‡_ó mRvM| G†ÿ‡Î M„nxZ D‡`¨v‡Mi AšÍf©y³ n‡e mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi ev¯Íevq‡b mswkøó ms¯’vmg~‡ni Kg©x‡ì ms‡e`bkxj Kivi cvkvcvwk m¤¢ve¨ DcKvi‡fvMx‡ì wPwýZKi‡Y ¯’vbxq miKvi I GbwRI‡ì Ici wbf©i Kiv| Gme cÖvwšÍK Rb‡Mvôx‡K mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi g~javivq wb‡q Avm‡Z GKwU Kvh©Ki bvwjk I Awf‡hvM wb®úwË eë¯’v cÖ‡qvRb|

Q. RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji A_©vqb RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji A_©vqb n‡e miKvwi I †emiKvwi Dfq Lv‡Zi †hŠ_ Askx`vwi‡Z¡| A_©vr Gi GKwU As‡ki A_©vqb Ki‡e miKvi Avi Ab¨ AskwUi A_©vqb Ki‡e mvgvwRK wegv I Kg©ms¯’vbwfwËK AvBb Abyhvqx †emiKvwi LvZ| Z‡e bxwZmsµvšÍ GKwU †gŠwjK cÖkœ n‡jv mxwgZ m¤ú‡ì we‡ePbvq miKv‡ii AskwU e¨qmva¨ wKbv| A_©vq‡bi aviYvwU mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wP‡Z e¨wqZ A_©‡K wRwWwci kZKiv nvi wn‡m‡e (wRwWwci 2.2 kZvsk) w¯’i a‡i wbiƒcY Kiv n‡q‡Q| `ywU Kvi‡Y GwU‡K iÿYkxj AbywgwZ ejv hvq, cÖ_gZ: miKvi lô cÂevwl©K cwiKíbvi †gqv`v‡šÍ (2014-15 A_© eQ‡i) mvgvwRK wbivcËvq e¨q wRwWwci 2.1 kZvsk †_‡K evwo‡q 3 kZvs‡k DbœxZ Ki‡Z Pvq| wØZxqZ: lô cÂevwl©K cwiKíbvi nvjbvMv`K…Z ga¨‡gqvw` KvVv‡gv †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h Pjgvb Ki ms¯‹v‡ii AMÖMwZi d‡j 2015-16 A_©eQ‡i miKvi Zvi m¤ú‡ì w¯’wZ lô cÂevwl©K cwiKíbvi wfwË eQi A_©vr 2009-10 A_©eQ‡ii Zzjbvq wRwWwci 3 kZvsk nv‡i e„w× Ki‡Z mÿg n‡e| wfwË-†KBm A_©vq‡b AbywgwZ Kiv n‡q‡Q †h wRwWwci cÖe„w× eZ©gv‡bi b¨vq eQ‡i M‡o Kgc‡ÿ 6 kZvsk nv‡i n‡e| 2017-18 A_©eQ‡i hLb RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji m¤ú~Y© ev¯Íevqb n‡e ZLb Avq ‡hvM¨Zvi gvb`Ð I Ab¨vb¨ †hvM¨Zvi gvb`Ð cÖ‡qvM K‡i wewfbœ RxebPµwfwËK Kg©m~wP †_‡K †gvU 35.7 wgwjqb `wi`ª I SyuwKMÖ¯Í Rb‡Mvôx DcK…Z n‡e| G myweav‡fvMxi msL¨v n‡e ZLbKvi †gvU RbmsL¨vi 22 kZvsk| wfwË †KB‡mi †ÿ‡Î cÖvß m¤ú‡ì cwigvY cÖ‡qvRbxq m¤ú‡ì mv‡_ m½wZc~Y© n‡e| G cÖv°j‡bi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z 2019-20 mvj ch©šÍ RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj ev¯Íevq‡b m¤ú` AvniY I cÖvwß †Kv‡bv eo evav n‡e bv| wb‡gœv³ Kvi‡Y myLKi djvdj cvIqv hv‡e :

• wØZxqZ, `xN©‡gqvw` cÖv°jb †_‡K †`Lv hvq cÖ¯ÍvweZ mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’v eq¯‹ Rb‡Mvôxi cwieZ©bkxj RbwgwZ Ges µgn«vmgvb ZiæY cÖR‡b¥i RbmsL¨vi As‡ki mv‡_ m½wZc~Y©| • Z…ZxqZ, †KŠkjwU RxebPµ e¨ZxZ ¯^Zš¿ Kg©m~wP¸‡jvi RbÏ ch©vß A_©vq‡bi eë¯’v †i‡L‡Q hvi Kvh©KvwiZv cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb djvd‡ji Dci wbf©i Ki‡e| • me‡k‡l, Kg©m~wP‡Z cÖ`Ë myweavq †Kv‡bv ai‡bi e¨Z¨q bv NwU‡q 2017-18 A_©eQ‡ii ci wecyj DØ„Ë M‡o DV‡e| G DØ„Ë evwl©K 7-8 kZvsk nv‡i wRwWwc cÖe„w× AR©‡bi †h wPÎ Abygvb Kiv n‡q‡Q Zvi Aax‡b A‡bK eo AvKv‡ii n‡e| GwU `wi`ª gvby‡li mvgvwRK wbivcËv Pvwn`v c~iY Ki‡Z RxebPµ I Ab¨vb¨ Kg©m~wPi m¤¢ve¨ AvKvi e„w×i Rb¨ myweav‡fvMx ch©v‡q cÖ`Ë Avw_©K myweav cybtcixÿv Ki‡Z miKvi‡K mnvqZv Ki‡e| GQvovI, miKvi †hgb AwZ `wi`ª I Uv‡M©UK…Z Rb‡Mvôxi Rb¨ (ZiæY m¤úª`vq) Kg©m~wP MÖnY Ki‡Z cvi‡e †Zgwb bZzbZ¡c~Y© Kg©m~wP‡Z m¤ú„³ n‡Z cvi‡e|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

• cÖ_gZ, GgbwK iÿYkxj A_v©qb AbywgwZi Aax‡bI mvgvwRK wbivcËv ms¯‹vi Kg©m~wP A_©vqb‡hvM¨| cÖ_g K‡qK eQi †h mvgvb¨ NvUwZ †`Lv †`‡e Zv µgea©gvb ev‡RU †_‡K AwZwi³ cwigvY eivÏ w`‡q c~iY Kiv hv‡e| me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© n‡jv AwZwi³ myweavi †ek eo GKwU Ask `wi`ª I SuywKMÖ¯Í cwievi¸‡jvi wkï‡`i Kv‡Q †cuŠQv‡e, hv miKv‡ii D”P AMÖvwaKv‡ii mv‡_ m½wZc~Y©|

xxiii wRBwW

`vwi`ª¨ cwiw¯’wZi Dc‡i cybM©wVZ mvgvwRK wbivcËv e¨e¯’vi cÖfve : cÖv°wjZ djvdj †_‡K †`Lv †M‡Q, hLb we`¨gvb Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv n‡e ZLb cybM©wVZ Kg©m~wPmg~n †_‡K AwaKZi fv‡jv `vwi`ª¨ n«vm djvdj AwR©Z n‡e| AwaKZi Kvh©Ki djvdj AR©‡bi KviY n‡jv Av‡iv fv‡jvfv‡e msÁvwqZ Ges D”PZi Mo myweav m„wóKvix mvgvwRK wbivcËv e¨e¯’v †_‡K AwaK msL¨K `wi`ª cwievi mivmwi DcKvi jvf Ki‡e|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

R. RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv e¨e¯’vi †mevcÖ`vb e¨e¯’v kw³kvjxKiY

xxiv wRBwW

miKvi Dcjwä K‡i‡Q †h, RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji mdjZvi Rb¨ Kg©m~wP cwiPvjb eë¯’v ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni ev¯Íevq‡bi †ÿ‡Î cÖkvmwbK mgm¨v I `ye©j Mf‡b©Ý ci®úi m¤úK©hy³| myMwVZ mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’v cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ DËg cÖvwZôvwbK wewaeë¯’v cÖwZôv Kiv n‡j AcPq Kg‡e| AZxZ AwfÁZvi ch©v‡jvPbv †_‡K †`Lv †M‡Q Ggb GKvwaK †ÿÎ i‡q‡Q †h¸‡jvi ms¯‹vi cÖ‡qvRb| wbgœwjwLZ AMÖvwaKvicÖvß †ÿÎ¸‡jv we‡ePbvq wb‡Z n‡e: • RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj Gi cwiKíbv cÖYqb, ev¯Íevqb Ges cwiexÿY I g~j¨vq‡b mnvqZv K‡i Ggb GKwU mnR‡eva¨ cÖvwZôvwbK eë¯’v M‡o †Zvjv| • mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wP cwiPvjbv I ev¯Íevq‡b mswkøó Kg©x‡ì †ckv`vwiZ¡c~Y© g‡bvfve RvMÖZKiY hv‡Z RvZxq I ¯’vbxq ch©v‡q †mevcÖ`v‡b GK`j `ÿ Kg©xi eë¯’v _v‡K| • `ÿZv I Kvh©KvwiZvi mv‡_ mvgvwRK wbivcËvg~jK Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni myweav‡fvMx wPwýZKiY| • eë¯’vcbv Z_¨ fvÐv‡ii gvb Dbœqb Kiv †hb G¸‡jv miKvwi mgš^q Ges Kg©m¤úv`b cwiexÿ‡Y `ÿfv‡e mnvqK nq| • AcPq Kgv‡Z Ges we‡kl K‡i `wi`ª I me©vwaK SuywKMÖ¯Í cwievimg~‡ni gv‡S Avw_©K AšÍf©zw³i cÖmvi NUv‡Z mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’v‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡Z fvZv cÖ`vb eë¯’v kw³kvjxKiY| • Kvh©Ki Awf‡hvM wb®úwË eë¯’v cÖwZôv Kiv hv‡Z cÖv_©x evQvB msKªvšÍ wm×v‡šÍi weiæ‡× Awf‡hvM `v‡qi Kivi my‡hvM _vKvi cvkvcvwk cÖwZkÖyZ myweav weZi‡Y †Kv‡bv e¨_©Zv ev ÎæwU Ges Am`vPiY ev `ye©ënvi †MvPixf~Z n‡j †m wel‡q RbMY h‡_vchy³ KZ…©c‡ÿi wbKU bvwjk Kivi my‡hvM cvq| cÖkvmwbK ms¯‹vi : mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wP ev¯ÍevqbKvix gš¿Yvjq/wefvMmg~‡ni mgš^q I mn‡hvwMZvi Rb¨ miKvi mywbw`©ó welqwfwËK K¬v÷vi eë¯’v cÖeZ©b Ki‡e; 5wU welqwfwËK K¬v÷vi n‡”Q : mvgvwRK fvZv, Lv`¨ wbivcËv I `y‡h©vM mnvqZv, mvgvwRK wegv, kÖg/RxweKvqb, gvbe Dbœqb I mvgvwRK ÿgZvqb| ¯’vbxq miKvi cÖwZôvbmg~‡ni f~wgKv : mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni †mevcÖ`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î ev¯ÍevqbKvix gš¿Yvjq/wefvMmg~n ¯’vbxq miKvi cÖwZôvbmg~n I GbwRI‡ì mv‡_ Nwbôfv‡e KvR Ki‡e| m¤¢ve¨ DcKvi‡fvMx wPwýZKiY, we‡iva wb®úwËKiY I cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb cwiPvjbvq mnvqZvKiY BZ¨vw` †ÿ‡Î ¯’vbxq miKvi cÖwZôvbmg~n n‡e ¸iæZ¡c~Y© nvwZqvi| GbwRI‡ì f~wgKv : RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji Dci wfwË K‡i mvgvwRK wbivcËvg~jK †mev cÖ`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î miKvi GbwRI‡ì mv‡_ Askx`vwiZ¡ Ae¨vnZ ivL‡e Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b G Askx`vwiZ¡‡K AviI Mfxifv‡e we¯Í…Z Ki‡e| †hme mywbw`©ó †ÿ‡Î GbwRImg~n mnvqK n‡Z cv‡i †m¸‡jv n‡jv fwel¨‡Z we¯Í…wZi m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q Ggb D™¢vebxg~jK cvBjU Kg©m~wP m„Rb, we‡kl K‡i `yM©g GjvKvq emevmKvix A_ev cÖvwšÍK ev wec`vcbœ Rb‡Mvôxi AšÍf©y³ †hmKj gvby‡li wbKU †mev †cuŠQv‡bv KwVb Zv‡ì ga¨ †_‡K m¤¢ve¨ DcKvi‡fvMx wPwýZKiY, Ges RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj ev¯Íevqb m¤úwK©Z Awf‡hvM I we‡iva wb®úwË‡Z mnvqZv Kiv| GKK †iwRw÷ª Z_¨ eë¯’vcbv c×wZ cÖwZôv : mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni `ÿ cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ D”P gvbm¤úbœ I AvaywbK Z_¨ eë¯’vcbv c×wZ (GgAvBGm) Acwinvh©| A‡bK Dbœqbkxj †`‡ki `„óvšÍ †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h DbœZ cÖhyw³ eënvi K‡i Kvh©Ki GgAvBGm cÖwZôv Kiv m¤¢e| e¯‘Z, ¯^vaxb Z‡e ci®úi m¤úK©hy³ Kg©m~wPwfwËK GgAvBGm Gi †bUIqv‡K©i Dci wfwË K‡i GK ai‡bi RvZxq GKK †iwRw÷ª cÖwZôv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| myZivs, G‡K Ac‡ii mv‡_ hy³ n‡Z Ges miKvi‡K we¯ÍvwiZ Z_¨ cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i Ggb Kg©m~wPwfwËK cwiexÿY Z_¨ c×wZi Dci wfwË K‡i GKwU RvZxq GKK †iwRw÷ª cÖwZôv Kiv n‡e hv RvZxq cwiPqcÎ Z_¨fvÐvi †_‡K Z_¨ eënvi Ki‡e| Ab¨vb¨ mswkøó gš¿Yvjq/wefv‡Mi mv‡_ mgš^q mva‡bi gva¨‡g cwimsL¨vb I Z_¨ eë¯’vcbv wefvM GKK †iwRw÷ª cÖwZôvq †bZ…Z¡ cÖ`vb Ki‡e| RvZxq ms¯‹vi cÖwµqvi mnvqZvK‡í evsjv‡`k Lvbv Z_¨fvÐvi cÖ¯‘wZi KvR 2017 mvj bvMv` m¤úbœ n‡e|

Avw_©K AšÍf©yw³ cÖmv‡i miKvi †_‡K myweav‡fvMx (wR2wc) †c‡g›U wm‡÷g kw³kvjxKiY : wR2wc †c‡g›U eë¯’vi ms¯‹v‡ii D‡`¨vM wb‡Z n‡e hv‡Z Avw_©K AšÍf©yw³i cÖmvi N‡U Ges AcPq n«vm cvq| Avw_©K cÖwZôv‡bi gva¨‡g †mev cÖ`vb Kivi wbwgË miKvi †ek wKQz mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi bM` A_© cÖ`vb eë¯’vi DbœwZ mvab K‡i‡Q| myZivs, G D‡`¨vM‡K GwM‡q wb‡Z A_© gš¿Yvj‡qi A_©wefvM we`¨gvb wR2wc †c‡g›U eë¯’v Ges G wel‡q AvšÍR©vwZK AwfÁZvi Dci GKwU e¨vcK ch©v‡jvPbv m¤úv`b Ki‡e| mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni myweav‡fvMx evQvB‡qi cÖwµqv kw³kvjxKiY : g~j mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni Rb¨ cÖ¯ÍvweZ e¨q e„w× cvIqvq Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni mnvqZv mwVK e¨w³i Kv‡Q †hb †cuŠ‡Q Zv wbwðZ Kiv ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| Z‡e, we‡kl K‡i `vwi`ª¨wfwËK evQvB cÖwµqv AbymiY K‡i mwVK e¨w³ wbe©vPb Kiv Dbœqbkxj †`k¸‡jvi Rb¨ GKwU Awfbœ mgm¨v| D‡jøL¨ †h, m¤úªwZ cwimsL¨vb I Z_¨ eë¯’vcbv wefvM wcGgwU †¯‹viKvW© eënvi K‡i evsjv‡`k Lvbv Z_¨fvÐvi cÖwZôvi D‡`¨vM wb‡q‡Q, hv 2017 mvj bvMv` m¤úbœ n‡e| wcGgwU c×wZi mxgve×Zvi Kvi‡Y `wi`ª I SuywKMÖ¯Í e¨w³‡ì‡K wPwýZ Ki‡Z wcGgwU QvovI ¯’vbxq miKvi Ges GbwRI‡ì mnvqZv †bqv n‡e| AviI mywbw`©ó K‡i ej‡j, wcGgwU †¯‹viKvW© wbe©vwPZ cÖwZwbwa I GbwRImn ¯’vbxq KwgDwbwU KZ…©K mycvwik cÖvwßi ciB eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e| DbœZ I Dbœqbkxj Ggb A‡bK †`‡kB cÖwZewÜZv kbv³KiY †ek RwUj, Z‡e me©vwaK †hvMïvB cÖwZeÜx myweav cv‡e Zv wbwðZ Ki‡Z miKvi ch©vß m¤ú` wewb‡qvM Ki‡Z B”QzK| Awf‡hvM I weev` wb®úwËi eë¯’v : miKvi Dcjwä K‡i‡Q †h, DcKvi‡fvMx‡ì wel‡q me mgq mwVK wm×všÍ †bqv m¤¢e nq bv| myZivs cwimsL¨vb I Z_¨ eë¯’vcbv wefv‡Mi mv‡_ civgk© K‡i mgvRKj¨vY gš¿Yvjq †`ke¨vcx Awf‡hvM I weev` wb®úwË eë¯’v M‡o Zzj‡e| evQvB cÖwµqvi mgvšÍiv‡j Awf‡hvM I weev` wb®úwËi wel‡qI GKwU mgxÿv cwiPvjbv Kiv n‡e Ges G mgxÿv †_‡K cÖvß mycvwikmg~‡ni ev¯Íevqb 2016 mv‡j kyiæ n‡e|

S. mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi Rb¨ djvdjwfwËK cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb eë¯’v RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji ev¯Íevqb kyiy n‡q †M‡j †mev cÖ`vb eë¯’vi DbœwZ mvab, djvdj bw_e×KiY, weKí Dcvqmg~‡ni Kvh©KvwiZv wel‡q bxwZwba©viK‡ì‡K AewnZKiY, Ges Kg©m~wPi avivevwnKZv I m¤úªmvi‡Yi Rb¨ ivR‰bwZK mg_©b msMwVZKi‡Y GKwU Pjgvb cwiexÿY I g~j¨vq‡bi cÖwµqvi cÖ‡qvRb n‡e|

cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb djvdj AewnZKiY I cÖ‡qvM: mvgvwRK wbivcËvq eëüZ m¤ú` †_‡K †hb m‡e©vËg djvdj cvIqv hvq Zv wbwðZ Ki‡Z cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb Gi Dci ¸iæZ¡ †`qv n‡q‡Q| myZivs cwiexÿY I g~j¨vq‡bi djvdj AewnZKi‡Yi Rb¨ mywbw`©ó I myôz cÖwµqv _vKv ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| cÖ‡qvRbxq mKj Z_¨ mKj †÷K‡nvìvi †hgb: myweav‡fvMx, gš¿Yvjq/wefvM, GbwRI Ges mswkøó GbwRImg~‡ni wbKU _vKv ìKvi| Kg©m~wPi DcKvi‡fvMx‡ì‡K Kg©m~wPi AR©b wel‡q Ges †hvM¨Zvi gvb`Ð wel‡q AeMZ _vK‡Z n‡e| ev¯ÍevqbKvix gš¿Yvjq/wefvM Ges cwiKíbv Kwgk‡bi I‡qemvB‡U mKj ai‡bi cwiexÿY Z_¨ I g~j¨vqb cÖwZ‡e`b msiÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g GwU AR©b Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| mKj g~j¨vqb cÖwZ‡e`b gwš¿cwil` wefvM I `vwqZ¡cÖvß msm`xq ¯’vqx KwgwU eivei †cÖiY Kiv n‡e| wRBwWi `vwqZ¡ n‡e gwš¿cwil‡ì Kv‡Q cÖwZ‡e`b `vwLj Kiv Ges cieZ©x‡Z wRBwW I gwš¿cwil` wefvM g~j¨vqb cÖwZ‡e`‡bi djvd‡ji Av‡jv‡K Kx ai‡bi c`‡ÿc †bqv n‡q‡Q †m wel‡q msm`xq ¯’vqx KwgwUi Kv‡Q cÖwZ‡e`b `vwLj Ki‡e| RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj ev¯Íevq‡b mvwe©K mgš^qmvab: RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj AvMvgx w`b¸‡jv‡Z †ek mgq wb‡q mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi Av‡iv ms¯‹v‡ii `vex iv‡L| gwš¿cwil` mwP‡ei †bZ…Z¡vaxb †K›`ªxq eë¯’vcbv KwgwU ms¯‹vi Kvh©µ‡gi mgš^qmvab Ges Kg©m¤úv`b ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡e| ev¯Íevqb AMÖMwZ wel‡q G KwgwU wbqwgZfv‡e gwš¿mfvq cÖwZ‡e`b `vwLj Ki‡e|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb Gi Rb¨ gš¿Yvjq/ms¯’vmg~‡ni mgš^qg~jK f~wgKv: cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb Kvh©µg wZbwU As‡k wef³ n‡e| ev¯ÍevqbKvix gš¿Yvjq/wefvM Zv‡ì wb‡R‡ì Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni AMÖMwZ cwiexÿY Ki‡e; cÖKí/Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevq‡bi mvwe©K cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb Ki‡e ev¯Íevqb cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb wefvM (AvBGgBwW)| †klZ mvaviY A_©bxwZ wefv‡Mi (wRBwW) `vwqZ¡ n‡e mywbw`©ó m~P‡Ki g¨vwUª· eënvi K‡i GKwU djvdj-wfwËK g~j¨vqb KvVv‡gv ˆZwi Kiv Ges †m Av‡jv‡K RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji Kg©m¤úv`b g~j¨vqb Kiv| GQvov, ev¯Íevqb cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb KvVv‡gvi mvwe©K mgš^q Ges g~j¨vqb djvdj AewnZKi‡Yi `vwqZ¡I wRBwWi Dci b¨¯Í _vK‡e| gwš¿cwil` mwP‡ei †bZ…Z¡vaxb †K›`ªxq eë¯’vcbv KwgwU (wmGgwm) ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ZË¡veavbg~jK `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡e| e¯ÍyZ, wmGgwmi `vwqZ¡ n‡e mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni ev¯Íevqb AMÖMwZ ch©v‡jvPbv, AvšÍtgš¿Yvjq mgš^qmvab, mgm¨ mgvavb Ges msKU cÖkgb|

xxv wRBwW

cÖ¯ÍvweZ ms¯‹v‡ii mvims‡ÿc cÖ¯ÍvweZ ms¯‹vi

Kg©cwiKícbv

gš¿Yvjq/wefvM

-wkky mnvqZv Kg©m~wPi we¯ÍvwiZ ev¯Íevqb cwiKíbv gwš¿cwil‡` †ck Kiv

- gwnjv I wkky welqK gš¿Yvjq

-e„wË Kg©m~wP m¤úªmvi‡Yi we¯ÍvwiZ ev¯Íevqb cwiKíbv gwš¿cwil‡` †ck Kiv

- cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq Ges wkÿv gš¿Yvjq - mgvRKj¨vY gš¿Yvjq/cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq - gwnjv I wkky welqK gš¿Yvjq

K. Kg©m~wP ms¯‹vi 1. wkky‡ì Rb¨ mvgvwRK wbivcËv †Rvi`viKiY (eqm<1-18) -wkky mnvqZv -cÖv_wgK I gva¨wgK wkÿv e„wË -GwZg‡ì Rb¨ Kg©m~wP Ges we`¨vjq Lv`¨ Kg©m~wP Ae¨vnZ ivLv -cwiZ¨³ wkky‡ì Rb¨ wkky jvjbcvjb e¨q wbwðZKiY -UxKv`vb, wkky ¯^v¯’¨‡mev, cywó Ges cvwb I m¨vwb‡Ukb Kg©m~wP kw³kvjxKiY

-Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevqb Kiv -Pjgvb Kg©m~wPmg~n Ae¨vnZ ivLv -bxwZ cÖYqb I ev¯Íevqb kyiy Kiv, RyjvB 2016 -Pjgvb Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni mieivn I myweav‡fvMx‡`i wbKU †mev †cŠQv‡bv †Rvi`viKi‡Y c`‡ÿc †bqv

- mswkøó gš¿Yvjq

2.K K‡g©vc‡hvMx‡`i (19-59 eQi) Rb¨ Kg©m~wP kw³kvjxKiY -wkÿv I cÖwkÿY †Rvi`viKiY

- wkÿv I cÖwkÿ‡Yi gvb DbœZKiY

-Kg©m„Rb Kg©m~wPmg~n †Rvi`viKiY

-mKj Kg©m„Rb Kg©m~wP msnZ Kiv

-RvZxq mvgvwRK wegv w¯‹‡gi AvIZvq †eKvi, `yN©Ubv, Amy¯’Zv I gvZ…Z¡ wegv cÖeZ©b Kiv

-msMwVZ †emiKvwi Lv‡Zi Kg©x‡`i Rb¨ †eKviZ¡ wegv Pvjyi wbwg‡Ë mgxÿv cwiPvjbvi D‡`¨vM MÖnY

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

2.L `y¯’ gwnjv‡ì Rb¨ Kg©m~wPmg~n kw³kvjxKiY (19-59 eQi) -bvix‡ì Rb¨ mKj bM` fvZv wfwËK Kg©m~wP‡K `y¯’ bvix fvZv Kg©m~wP‡Z GKxf~Z Kiv -mKj cÖvwZôvwbK I AcÖvwZôvwbK Kg©ms¯’v‡bi †ÿ‡Î wkky cwiPh©vi eë¯’v _vKv -gvZ…¯^v¯’¨ †mev -cÖwkÿY Kg©m~wP

xxvi wRBwW

-cwiKíbv Aby‡gv`‡bi Rb¨ gwš¿cwil‡` †ck Kiv I ev¯Íevqb ïiæ Kiv

-`y¯’ bvix fvZvi Rb¨ we¯ÍvwiZ ev¯Íevqb cwiKíbv gwš¿cwil‡` †ck Kiv

-cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq/wkÿv gš¿Yvjq -`y‡h©vM e¨e¯’vcbv I ÎvY gš¿Yvjq/¯’vbxq miKvi wefvM -kÖg I Kg©ms¯’vb gš¿Yvjq

- gwnjv I wkky welqK gš¿Yvjq

-Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevqb Kiv

- gwnjv I wkky welqK gš¿Yvjq

-mKj miKvwi Awd‡m I msMwVZ †emiKvwi cÖwZôv‡b wkky cwiPh©vi e¨e¯’v _vK‡e

- ¯^v¯’¨ I cwievi Kj¨vY gš¿Yvjq

-m¤úªmviY cwiKíbv ˆZwi Kiv

- gwnjv I wkky welqK gš¿Yvjq

-wfwRwWi Aax‡b cÖwkÿY Ae¨vnZ ivLv

3. eq¯‹‡ì Rb¨ e¨vcKwfwËK †cbkb eë¯’v -eq¯‹ fvZv (lv‡UvaŸ©) -miKvwi Kg©Pvix‡ì †cbkb -RvZxq mvgvwRK wegv Kg©m~wP (GbGmAvBGm) -†emiKvwi Lv‡Z †¯^”Qvq AskMÖnYg~jK †cbkb

-we¯ÍvwiZ ev¯Íevqb cwiKíbv gwš¿cwil‡` †ck Kiv -eq¯‹ fvZv Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevqb Kiv -GbGmAvBGm -Gi cÖ‡qvM‡hvM¨Zv wba©vi‡Y mgxÿv cwiPvjbvi D‡`¨vM MÖnY -GbGmAvBGm Gi Rb¨ weKí mycvwik Kiv -‡cbkb †i¸‡jUwi KZ…©c‡ÿi cÖ‡qvMmva¨Zv wbi~c‡Y mgxÿv ïiæ Kiv

- mgvRKj¨vY gš¿Yvjq - e¨vsK I Avw_©K cÖwZôvb wefvM (weGdAvBwW), A_© wefvM

cÖ¯ÍvweZ ms¯‹v‡ii mvims‡ÿc cÖ¯ÍvweZ ms¯‹vi 4. cÖwZeÜx‡`i Rb¨ mvgvwRK wbivcËv e¨e¯’v kw³kvjxKiY

Kg©cwiKícbv - wkky †cvl¨ fvZv myweav (PvBì wW‡cb‡WÝx †ewbwdU) I K‡g©vc‡hvMx cÖwZeÜx Kg©m~wPi ev¯Íevqb cwiKíbv gwš¿cwil‡` †ck Kiv -Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevqb

gš¿Yvjq/wefvM - mgvRKj¨vY gš¿Yvjq

5. kû‡i `wi`ª‡`i Rb¨ mvgvwRK wbivcËv e¨e¯’v kw³kvjxKiY

- MÖvg GjvKvi `wi`ª‡`i b¨vq bMi GjvKvi `wi`ª Lvbv¸wji Rb¨I Kg©m~wPi myweavjv‡fi mgvb my‡hvM wbwðZ Kiv

- mswkøó gš¿Yvjq, GjwRwW, A_© wefvM

6. Lv`¨ wbivcËvwfwËK Kg©m~wPmg~n‡K GKxf~ZKiY I ms¯‹vi mvab

- Lv`¨ gRy`KiY bxwZi mv‡_ mgš^q K‡i Lv`¨ n¯ÍvšÍig~jK Kg©m~wPmg~n‡K msnZ Kiv;

- Lv`¨/`y‡h©vM e¨e¯’vcbv I ÎvY gš¿Yvjq

-`y‡h©vM ÎvY Kg©m~wP wn‡m‡e `y‡h©vM Îv‡Yi Rb¨ Lv`¨ weZiY Ae¨vnZ ivLv

-`y‡h©vM e¨e¯’vcbv I ÎvY gš¿Yvjq

- D™¢vebxg~jK Ges DbœxZ Kiv hvq Ggb Kg©m~wPmg~n‡K Ae¨vnZ ivLv

- mswkøó gš¿Yvjqmg~n/wRBwW

- mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevq‡b gš¿Yvjq/wefvMmg~‡ni K¬v÷vi c×wZ cÖeZ©b Kiv

- gwš¿mfv

- K¬v÷vi c×wZi `ÿZv I Kvh©KvwiZv ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv Ges Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni mgš^qmvab I ZË¡veavb wbwðZ Ki‡e wmGgwm (2025 mvj ch©šÍ)

- wRBwW

7. ÿz`ª I we‡kl Kg©m~wPmg~n‡K GKxf~ZKiY

L. cÖvwZôvwbK ms¯‹vi 1. `ywU ch©v‡q ms¯‹vi

(2) mgvRKj¨vY gš¿Yvjq RxebPµwfwËK Kg©m~wPmg~n ev¯Íevqb Ki‡e Ges GmGmwc mg~‡ni mgš^qmvab Ki‡e

- mgvRKj¨vY gš¿Yvjqvaxb mgvR‡mev Awa`ßi‡K kw³kvjxKiY I ms¯‹vi mvab (2026 †_‡K)

- gwš¿cwil` wefvM - mgvRKj¨vY gš¿Yvjq - mswkøó gš¿Yvjqmg~n

2. GKK †iwRw÷ªwfwËK Z_¨ e¨e¯’vcbv c×wZ cÖwZôv

- mKj mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni GgAvBGm - cwimsL¨vb I Z_¨ ch©v‡jvPbv Kivi D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kiv e¨e¯’vcbv wefvM - cvBjU wfwË‡Z cwimsL¨vb I Z_¨ e¨e¯’vcbv wefvM Gi Aax‡b GKK †iwRw÷ª cÖwZôv Kiv - †`ke¨vcx GKK †iwRw÷ª cÖwZôv

3. Avw_©K AšÍf©yw³i cÖmvi NUv‡Z mivmwi miKvi †_‡K myweav‡fvMx †c‡g›U e¨e¯’v †Rvi`viKiY

- eZ©gvb wR2wc e¨e¯’vi e¨vcKwfwËK ch©v‡jvPbvi e¨e¯’v †bqv

4. mvgvwRK wbivcËv w¯‹‡gi DcKvi‡fvMx evQvB cÖwµqv kw³kvjxKiY

- mKj Kg©m~wPi evQvB gvb`Ð ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv - mycvwikmg~n ev¯Íevqb - ¯’vbxq miKvi cÖwZôvb I GbwRI‡`i e¨envi K‡i wcGgwU c×wZ‡Z DcKvi‡fvMx wPwýZKiY

- cwimsL¨vb I Z_¨ e¨e¯’vcbv wefvM - wRBwW - AvBGgBwW - `y‡h©vM e¨e¯’vcbv I ÎvY gš¿Yvjq - mswkøó gš¿Yvjqmg~n

5. Awf‡hvM I weev` wb®úwË e¨e¯’v cÖwZôv

- Awf‡hvM I weev` wb®úwË e¨e¯’v cÖwZôvq mgxÿv cwiPvjbv Kiv - ev¯Íevqb ïiæ Kiv

- gwš¿cwil` wefvM - wRBwW - GjwRwW

6. djvdjwfwËK cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb e¨e¯’v cÖwZôv

- cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb m¤úwK©Z `vwqZ¡ wba©viY Kiv - cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb KvVv‡gv ˆZwi Ki‡Z Uv¯‹‡dvm© MVb - Uv¯‹‡dv‡m©i mycvwik ev¯Íevqb

- gwš¿cwil` - wRBwW - wRBwW, AvBGgBwW

- ch©v‡jvPbv †_‡K cÖvß mycvwikmg~‡ni ev¯Íevqb ïiæ Kiv

-A_ wefvM©, e¨vsK I Avw_©K cÖwZôvb wefvM -evsjv‡`k e¨vsK -A_© wefvM, mgvRKj¨vY gš¿Yvjq I Ab¨vb¨ gš¿Yvjq

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

(1) ev¯ÍevqbKvix gš¿YvjqMywji K¬v÷vi mgš^q c×wZ‡Z wmGgwm †bZ…Z¡ †`‡e (2025) ch©šÍ

xxvii wRBwW

Aa¨vq-1

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj cÖYq‡bi cUf‚wg

Aa¨vq 1

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj cÖYq‡bi cUf‚wg 1.1 cUf‚wg evsjv‡`k miKvi †`‡ki `vwi`ª¨ I êlg¨ n«v‡m Ges Rbmvavi‡Yi Rxebgv‡bi Dbœq‡b `„p A½xKvie×| miKv‡ii G A½xKvi wea„Z n‡q‡Q iƒcKí 2021, †cÖwÿZ cwiKíbv (2010-2021) Ges lô cÂevwl©K cwiKíbv (2011-2015) `wj‡j| G cÖwZkÖæwZi Afxó jÿ¨ n‡jv `vwi`ª¨ n«v‡m AwR©Z weMZ AMÖMwZ‡K wfwË K‡i GwM‡q hvIqvi cvkvcvwk `vwi‡`ªï cÖK…Z KviY DÑvUb I Zvi †UKmB mgvavb| cvkvcvwk, `wi`ª RbMY †h ai‡bi SuzwK‡Z i‡q‡Q Zvi cÖfve Kgv‡bvi gva¨‡g G AMÖhvÎv‡K `„pZi wfwËi Dci cÖwZwôZ KivI Gi jÿ¨fy³| GwU Ab¯^xKvh© †h `vwi`ª¨ `~ixKi‡Y miKv‡ii AZxZ mvdj¨ cÖksmbxq n‡jI RbM‡Yi GK weivU Ask bvbvwea Kvi‡Y GL‡bv `vwi`ª¨SuzwK‡Z i‡q †M‡Q hv‡ì g‡a¨ `vwi`ª¨mxgvi bx‡P Ae¯’vbKvix Rb‡Mvôx QvovI i‡q‡Q `vwi`ª¨mxgvi wKQzUv Dc‡i Ae¯’vbKvix wKšÍy bvbv Kvi‡Y `vwi`ª¨ mxgvi bx‡P P‡j hvIqvi SuywK‡Z _vKv gvbylRb| †`Lv †M‡Q, `wi`ª I cÖvq-`wi`ª gvby‡liv Zv‡ì wbR¯^ m¤ú` w`‡q Gme SuywK I wech©q †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z mÿg nq bv| evsjv‡`k cwimsL¨vb ey¨‡iv (weweGm) cwiPvwjZ Lvbv Avq-e¨q Rwi‡c †`Lv †M‡Q, `wi`ª I `vwi`ª¨SuzwK‡Z _vKv Rb‡Mvôxi Rb¨ M„nxZ Gme Kg©m~wPi AvIZv I cwiwa mg‡qi mv‡_ †e‡o‡Q| wKšÍy Z_¨ cÖgv‡Y GUvI †`Lv hvq †h, `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôxi GK weivU Ask GL‡bv Gme Kg©m~wPi AvIZvq Av‡mwb| GQvov wbivcËv †eóbx Kg©m~wPmg~n †_‡K cÖvß Mo myweavi cwigvY LyeB Kg Ges Gi cÖK…Zg~‡j¨ µgvš^‡q n«vm cv‡”Q| Gi d‡j GKwU Kvh©Ki mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi Aax‡b M„nxZ `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb Kg©m~wP‡Z e¨wqZ A‡_©i †h cÖfve _v‡K †m Zzjbvq Gme Kg©mywP‡Z e¨wqZ A‡_©i cÖfve A‡bK Kg|

cÖPwjZ mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wP¸‡jvi Rb¥ n‡q‡Q we‡kl we‡kl cwiw¯’wZ I mg‡qi cÖ‡qvR‡b| d‡j G¸‡jv †Kv‡bv †KŠkjMZ cwiKvVv‡gvi (†hgb, AvšÍR©vwZKfv‡e enyj eëüZ RxebPµ wfwËK KvVv‡gv) m‡½ mymgwš^Z bq| RbwgwZK cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y fwel¨‡Z †hme Pvwn`v ev cÖ‡qvR‡bi D™¢e n‡Z cv‡i †m¸‡jvI we‡ePbvq †bqv nqwb Gme Kg©m~wPi bKkv‡Z| K…wlcÖavb A_©bxwZ †_‡K bMiwfwËK g¨vbyd¨vKPvwis I AvaywbK †mevwfwËK A_©bxwZ‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki DËi‡Yi mv‡_ mv‡_ `wi`ª I cÖvq-`wi`&ª gvbylRb †hme mvgvwRK I A_©‰bwZK SuywKi m¤§yLxb nq †m¸‡jv‡Z e¨vcK cwieZ©b NU‡e| RbwgwZK I A_©‰bwZK KvVv‡gvi cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y B‡Zvg‡a¨B mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi eZ©gvb web¨v‡m A‡bK ¸iæZi ÎæwU cwijwÿZ n‡”Q| Gme cwieZ©‡bi m‡½ gvwb‡q wb‡Z n‡j mvgvwRK wbivcËv †eóbx †KŠk‡ji e¨vcKZi m¤úªmvi‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb| cÖ‡qvRb G‡K AwaKZi AšÍf©yw³g~jK mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj aviYvq iƒcvšÍwiZ Kiv hv kÖgevRv‡i AskMÖn‡Y I mvgvwRK wegv eë¯’vq AšÍfy©w³‡Z mydj‡fvMx‡ì mnvqZv Ki‡e| RxebPµ KvVv‡gvi cUf~wgKvq mvgvwRK wbivcËv iƒcKí AvaywbK bMiwfwËK A_©bxwZi cÖ‡qvR‡bi mv‡_ AwaKZi hyw³m½Zfv‡e Lvc Lvq| Gme welq‡K we‡ePbvq wb‡q evsjv‡`k miKvi GKwU mgwš^Z I e¨vcKwfwËK RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj cÖYq‡bi D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡i| G cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z 2012 mv‡ji 10 †m‡Þ¤î AbywôZ gwš¿mfv †eV‡K cwiKíbv Kwgk‡bi mvaviY A_©bxwZ wefvM‡K (wRBwW) RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj (GbGmGmGm) cÖYq‡bi `vwqZ¡fvi Ac©Y Kiv nq|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

`vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni cÖfve Kg nIqvi bvbvwea KviY i‡q‡Q| mvgvwRK wbivcËv †eóbx Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni D™¢e n‡q‡Q wKQzUv GWnKwfwË‡Z g~jZ we‡kl we‡kl mg‡qi ewn¯’ AwfNvZ (†hgb, cÖvK…wZK `y‡hv©M) n‡Z m„ó A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK msKU wbim‡bi Rb¨| SuzwK‡Z _vKv Rb‡Mvôxi wbivcËv cÖ`v‡b `vZv‡Mvôxi D‡`¨v‡Mi cÖwZ mvov w`‡Z wM‡qI †ek wKQz Kg©m~wPi Avwefv©e N‡U‡Q| d‡j Gme Kg©m~wP msL¨vi we‡ePbvq AmsL¨, cÖvqkB ‰ØZZvhy³, GKK Kg©m~wP wfwËK, ¯^í ev‡RU eivÏcÖvß Ges GKvwaK ms¯’vi AvIZvq ev¯Íevqbvaxb| GQvov Gme Kg©m~wPi cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vqb e¨e¯’v cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq †ek AcÖZzj Ges G¸‡jvi ev¯Íevqb AMÖMwZ cwigv‡ci cÖavb m~PK n‡”Q Aegy³ A‡_©i cwigvY, AwR©Z djvdj bq|

01 wRBwW

gwš¿cwil` mwP‡ei †bZ…Z¡vaxb mvgvwRK wbivcËv †eóbx Kg©m~wP welqK †K›`ªxq eë¯’vcbv KwgwUi (wmGgwm) ZË¡¡veav‡b wRBwW G †KŠkj cÖYqb Ki‡e e‡j wm×všÍ M„nxZ nq| †KŠkj cÖYq‡bi Kg©cwiwa wba©viY I mvwe©K ZË¡veav‡bi `vwqZ¡I GB cwiPvjbv KwgwUi Dci b¨¯Í nq| GB †KŠk‡ji welqe¯Íy I mycvwikgvjv iPbvq mnvqZvK‡í AvÂwjK I RvZxq ch©v‡q D‡jøL‡hvM¨ msL¨K Kg©kvjv, Av‡jvPbv-mfv I msjvc Av‡qvR‡bi eë¯’v MÖnY Kiv nq| G cwi†cÖwÿ‡Z ejv hvq, RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj n‡jv evsjv‡`‡ki ivR‰bwZK, mvgvwRK I A_©‰bwZK ev¯ÍeZv we‡ePbvq cÖYxZ m¤ú~Y©fv‡e GKwU †`kR †KŠkj| mvgvwRK wbivcËvi †¶‡Î evsjv‡`‡ki mg„× AZxZ AwfÁZvi Dci wfwË K‡i RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| G †KŠk‡ji jÿ¨ n‡jv we`¨gvb mvgvwRK wbivcËv †eóbx Kg©m~wP¸‡jvi cwigvR©b I ms‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g G¸‡jv‡K Av‡iv wbLuyZ, `ÿ, I Kvh©Ki K‡i †Zvjv Ges e¨wqZ A_© †_‡K mevwa©K myweav AR©b| GwU mbvZbx aviYvi cwie‡Z© GKwU e¨vcK I we¯Í…Z cwiwai AvaywbK mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi cÖPjb NUv‡e| G bZzb eë¯’v 2021 mv‡j ga¨g Av‡qi evsjv‡`‡ki (hLb AwZ`wi`&ª gvby‡li msL¨v n‡e 5 kZvs‡ki †P‡q Kg) ev¯ÍeZvq Kg©ms¯’vb bxwZ I mvgvwRK wegv eë¯’v‡K AšÍf©z³ K‡i| AvIZv I cwiwai we¯Í…wZi gva¨‡g Ges Kg©m~wPi bKkv I Av`‡ji Dbœqb NwU‡q G †KŠkj GKw`‡K Avq êlg¨ Kgv‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡e, Ab¨w`‡K gvbe Dbœqb cÖwµqv‡K kw³kvjx K‡i f~wgKv ivL‡e D”PZi cÖe„w× AR©‡b| mvgvwRK wbivcËvi GB RvZxq †KŠkjwU †KejgvÎ evsjv‡`‡ki ev¯ÍeZv‡KB cÖwZdwjZ K‡iwb, eis AwaMÖnY K‡i‡Q cÖvmw½K AvšÍR©vwZK `„óvšÍjä Ávb I aviYv‡KI| †KŠkj cÖYq‡b mnvqZvK‡í wRBwW GKwU KvVv‡gvcÎ (†d«gIqvK© †ccvi) ˆZwi K‡i hv gwš¿cwil` wefv‡Mi †bZ…Z¡vaxb †K›`ªxq cwiexÿY KwgwUi AvIZvq MwVZ 11 m`m¨wewkó DcKwgwU KZ…©K M„nxZ nq Ges cwiKíbv gš¿Yvjq KZ…©K Aby‡gvw`Z nq| GQvov mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj mswkøó wewfbœ wel‡q AvšÍR©vwZK I †`kxq we‡klÁ‡ì Øviv 10wU cUf~wgcÎ (e¨vKMÖvDÛ †ccvi) iPbvi D‡`¨vM M„nxZ nq| cUf~wgcÎmg~‡ni ZvwjKv mshyw³-01 G cÖ`vb Kiv n‡jv| RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj Gme cUf~wgc‡Îi Dci wfwË K‡i iwPZ n‡q‡Q| Gme cUf~wgc‡Î wek` e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY I †idv‡iÝ hy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|

1.2 mvgvwRK wbivcËv I mvgvwRK Dbœqb KvVv‡gv

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii †hme bxwZ I Kg©m~wP mw¤§wjZfv‡e GKwU e„nËi mvgvwRK Dbœqb KvVv‡gv (GmwWGd) MVb K‡i mvgvwRK wbivcËv bxwZ‡K †mme bxwZ I Kg©m~wPi Ask wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e| mvgvwRK Dbœqb KvVv‡gvi cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv e¨vcKwfwËK I mymvgÄm¨c~Y© bxwZgvjv cÖYqY Kiv hv evsjv‡`k‡K Gi Dbœqb cÖ‡Póvi cUf~wgKvq AwaKZi mgZv I mvgvwRK b¨vqwePvi AR©‡b mnvqZv Ki‡e| GB jÿ¨ AR©b Ki‡Z n‡e A‡bKMywj bxwZ I Kg©m~wP I †mMywji wg_w¯Œqvi gva¨‡g| Gme bxwZ I Kg©m~wPi g‡a¨ AšÍ©fz³ i‡q‡Q miKv‡ii `vwi`ª¨ wbimb †KŠkj, wkÿv †KŠkj, ¯^v¯’¨, cywó I RbmsL¨v †KŠkj, m¨vwb‡Ukb I cvwb mieivn †KŠkj, AšÍf©zw³g~jK A_©vqb †KŠkj, bvixi ÿgZvqb I †RÛvi †KŠkj, b„‡Mvôx I ag©xq msL¨vjNy‡ì mvgvwRK AšÍf©zw³g~jK †KŠkj, `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv †KŠkj Ges mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj| Gme Kg©m~wP I †KŠkj cÖK…wZMZ w`K w`‡q ci¯ú‡ii cwic~iK Ges G¸‡jv `vwi`ª¨n«v‡mi Dci Kg©m~wPi cÖfve‡K †Rviv‡jv K‡i, `wi`ª‡ì SuywK I wec`vcbœZvi gvÎv Kgvq Ges `„p mvgvwRK HK¨ I msnwZ cÖwZôv K‡i|

02 wRBwW

`vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb I gvbe Dbœq‡bi mv‡_ mvgvwRK wbivcËv bxwZi my¯úó m¤cK© _vK‡jI GwU e¨vcKwfwËK `vwi`ª¨ wbimb I gvbe Dbœqb †KŠk‡ji weKí bq| GKBfv‡e mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkjmg~n `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôxi SzuwKi gvÎv Kgv‡bvi GKwU cÖavb nvwZqvi n‡jI GwU GKgvÎ Dcvq bq| Kg©ewÂZ I mgvRewnf©‚Z n‡q mgv‡Ri †hme gvbyl êl‡gï wkKvi I SzuwKi m¤§yLxb n‡Z cv‡i Zv‡ì Rb¨ miKv‡ii †ekwKQz ms‡kvabg~jK I BwZevPK bxwZgvjv i‡q‡Q hv mgv‡R msnwZ Avbqb Ki‡e| evsjv‡`‡ki Dbœqb †cÖ¶vc‡Ui Av‡iKwU w`K n‡jv †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’vb I Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ Kvi‡Y cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi Nb Nb msNUb| Rjevqy cwieZ©b I cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi mwVK eë¯’vcbv miKv‡ii mvgvwRK Dbœqb KvVv‡gvi Ab¨Zg AMÖvwaKvi| DbœZ `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbvi gva¨‡g `y‡h©v‡Mi cÖfve, we‡klZ Rxebnvwb I RL‡gi nvi n«vmKi‡Y evsjv‡`k e¨vcK I cÖksmbxq mvdj¨ AR©b K‡i‡Q| Z‡e SzuwKi cwigvY GLbI D‡jøL‡hvM¨| miKvi Zvi Dbœqb j¶¨mg~n AR©‡b mvgvwRK Dbœqb KvVv‡gvi cÖwZwbqZ cwigvR©b I DrKl© mva‡b cÖwZkÖæwZe×| Dch©y³ cUf‚wg‡Z, eZ©gvb Av‡jvPbvi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji mv‡_ mivmwi m¤cK©hy³ bxwZ I Kg©m~wP¸‡jvi †KŠkjMZ ch©v‡jvPbv I ms¯‹vi mva‡bi Dci wfwË K‡i GKwU RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj cÖYqb Kiv| GB †KŠkj‡K Aek¨ mvgvwRK Dbœqb KvVv‡gvi mv‡_ GK K‡i †`Lv Pj‡e bv| D³ KvVv‡gvi AvIZv I cwimi Av‡iv

e¨vcK| G †KŠkjwU‡K †`L‡Z n‡e mvgvwRK Dbœqb KvVv‡gvi AvIZvfz³ mvgvwRK Dbœqb †KŠkj I bxwZmg~‡ni cwic~iK wn‡m‡e| mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji AMÖvwaKvi I AvIZvi wel‡q weåvwšÍ wbim‡b Ges mswkøó Ab¨vb¨ Kg©m~wPi mv‡_ AwaµgY (Ifvij¨vc) I ˆØZZv (Wzwcø‡Kkb) cwinvi Ki‡Z Kx Kiv DwPZ I Kx DwPZ bq Zv cwi®‹vifv‡e eyS‡Z GKwU my¯úófv‡e msÁvwqZ RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji cÖ‡qvRb n‡e|

1.3 `vwi`ª¨ nªv‡mi †¶‡Î AwR©Z AMÖMwZ gv_vMyYwZ Abycv‡Z cwigvcK…Z `vwi`ª¨nªv‡mi MwZaviv wPÎ 1.1 G †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| jÿYxq †h, D”P `vwi`ª¨‡iLvi bx‡P Ae¯’vbKvix RbmsL¨vi kZKiv nvi †ek `ªæZ MwZ‡Z K‡g‡Q| `vwi`ª¨nvi 2000 mv‡ji 48.9 kZvsk †_‡K K‡g 2005 mv‡j 40 kZvsk I 2010 mv‡j 31.5 kZvsk n‡q‡Q| GB avivq 2010 mv‡ji 31.5 kZvsk n‡Z 2015 mv‡j `vwi`ª¨nvi †b‡g G‡m‡Q 24.8 kZvs‡k| GKBfv‡e wbgœ `vwi`ª¨‡iLvi bx‡P Ae¯’vbKvix AwZ`wi`ª Rb‡Mvôxi nvi 2000 mv‡ji 34.3 kZvsk †_‡K K‡g 2010 mv‡j 17.6-G `uvwo‡q‡Q| G nvi AviI K‡g wM‡q 2015 mv‡j n‡q‡Q 12.9 kZvsk| 2 wPÎ 1.1: `vwi`ª¨ n«v‡mi MwZaviv 2000-2010 AwZ`wi`ª

`wi`ª

`wi`ª I bvRyK

gv_v¸YwZ kZKiv nvi

60 50 40 30 20 10 0

2000

2005

2010

Drm: evsjv‡`k cwimsL¨vb ey¨‡iv, Lvbv Avq-e¨q Rwic 2000, 2005, 2010|

wPÎ 1.2: `vwi`ª¨ MfxiZv I †fvM e¨eavb (kZvsk) `vwi`ª¨ MfxiZv

‡fvM e¨eavb

`vwi`ª¨ MfxiZv (%)

30 25 20 15 10

2000

2005

2010

Drm: evsjv‡`k cwimsL¨vb ey¨‡iv, Lvbv Avq-e¨q Rwic 2000, 2005, 2010|

`vwi`ª¨ MfxiZv nªv‡mi †¶‡ÎI AMÖMwZ mvwaZ n‡q‡Q| G‡¶‡Î GKwU cÖPwjZ cwigvc n‡jv †fvM eëavb, A_©vr `wi`ª RbM‡Yi Mo †fv‡Mi cwigvY `vwi`ª¨‡iLvi Zzjbvq KZUv Kg Zv we‡ePbv Kiv| `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôx‡K cy‡ivcywi `vwi`ª¨gy³ Ki‡Z †h AwZwi³ cÖ‡Póvi cÖ‡qvRb Gme wb‡`©kK ZviB Bw½Zevnx| wPÎ-1.2 G `vwi`ª¨ MfxiZv I †fvM eëavb (`vwi`ª¨ MfxiZv I †gvU gv_vwcQz `vwi`ª¨ nv‡ii AbycvZ Øviv cwigvcK…Z) †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, 2000 I 2010 mv‡ji g‡a¨ †fvMeëavb Ae¨vnZfv‡e n«vm †c‡q‡Q| 2 Lvbv Avq-e¨q Rwic 2015-i DcvË bv _vKvi Kvi‡b wRBwW Abygvb Ki‡Q †h 2015 mv‡j `vwi`ª¨ nvi kZKiv 24.8 fvM K‡g‡Q Ges `vwi`ª¨mxgvi bx‡P emevmKvix RbmsL¨vi kZKiv 12.9 fvM K‡g‡Q|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

03 wRBwW

2000 mv‡j `wi`ª RbMY M‡o `vwi`ª¨‡iLv Øviv wba©vwiZ me©wbgœ †gŠwjK cÖ‡qvR‡bi †P‡q 26 kZvsk Kg nv‡i †fvM K‡i‡Q| G e¨eavb K‡g wM‡q 2005 mv‡j 23 kZvsk I 2010 mv‡j 21 kZvs‡k †b‡g G‡m‡Q| 2015 mv‡ji Rb¨ cÖv°wjZ cwigvc n‡jv 19 kZvsk| 3 MÖvg-kni †f‡` `vwi`ª¨-web¨vm wPÎ-1.3 G †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| †`Lv †M‡Q, MÖvg I kni Dfq AÂ‡jB `vwi`ª¨ nvi e¨vcKfv‡e nªvm †c‡q‡Q| Z‡e MÖvgvÂ‡ji `vwi`ª¨ nvi Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e GLbI A‡bK †ewk| wPÎ 1.3: `vwi`ª¨ n«v‡m AMÖMwZ - MÖvg ebvg kni Mªvg

kni

gv_v¸YwZ m~PK (%)

60 50 40 30 20 10 0

2005

2000

2010

Drm: evsjv‡`k cwimsL¨vb ey¨‡iv, Lvbv Avq-e¨q Rwic 2000, 2005, 2010|

AÂj‡f‡Ì `vwi`ª¨ web¨vm wPÎ GKBfv‡e µgnªvmgvb| †`‡ki QqwU wefv‡M `vwi`ª¨nvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨fv‡e K‡g‡Q (wPÎ 1.4)| Aek¨ wewfbœ wefv‡Mi g‡a¨ `vwi`ª¨nv‡ii eëavb GLbI e¨vcK| ivRkvnx wefv‡M `vwi`ª¨nvi m‡e©v”P (39.4 kZvsk), hv RvZxq M‡oi †P‡q A‡bK Dc‡i (31.5 kZvsk)| c¶všÍ‡i, `vwi`ª¨nvi me‡P‡q Kg PÆMÖvg wefv‡M (26.2 kZvsk), hv RvZxq M‡oi †P‡q A‡bK Kg| †hLv‡b ivRkvnx I Lyjbv wefv‡M `vwi`ª¨nvi RvZxq nv‡ii †P‡q †ewk, †mLv‡b wm‡jU I XvKv wefv‡M `vwi`ª¨nvi RvZxq ch©v‡qi †P‡q Kg| Lvbv Avq-e¨q Rwic 2010 †_‡K Avi GKwU †KŠZzn‡jvÏxcK djvdj †ei n‡q G‡m‡Q Avi Zv n‡jv beMwVZ iscyi wefvM I cybM©wVZ ivRkvnx wefv‡Mi (iscyi wefv‡Mi Aaxb †RjvMywj ev‡`) g‡a¨ `vwi‡`ªï wefvRb ev eÈb| D‡jøL¨, cybM©wVZ ivRkvnx wefv‡M `vwi`ª¨nvi (29.7 kZvsk) †Kej RvZxq ch©v‡qi `vwi`ª¨nv‡ii †P‡q Kg bq XvKv wefv‡Mi PvB‡ZI Kg| c¶všÍ‡i, `vwi`ª¨nvi me‡P‡q †ewk iscyi wefv‡M (42.3 kZvsk), hv iscyi wefvM‡K †`‡ki 7wU wefv‡Mi g‡a¨ me‡P‡q `wi`ª wefvM wn‡m‡e wPwýZ K‡i‡Q| wPÎ 1.4: wefvM Iqvwi `vwi`ª¨ cÖeYZv

04 wRBwW

gv_v¸YwZ m~PK (%)

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

2000

2005

2010

40 30 20 10 0

ewikvj

PÆM«vg

XvKv

Lyjbv

ivRkvnx

wm‡jU

RvZxq

Drm: evsjv‡`k cwimsL¨vb ey¨‡iv, Lvbv Avq-e¨q Rwic 2000, 2005, 2010|

3 Av`k© †fvM e¨q e¨eavb cwigv‡ci Rb¨ cÖ‡Z¨K Lvbvi †fvM e¨q DcvË cÖ‡qvRb| 2015 mv‡ji ‡Kvb Lvbv Rwic Kiv nq bvB hv †_‡K ‡fvM e¨q e¨eavb cwigvc Kiv hv‡e| 2015 mv‡ji Lvbv Rwic Abycw¯’wZi Kvi‡b 2000, 2005 Ges 2010 Gi `vwi`ª¨ cwigv‡ci Dci wfwË K‡i cwigvc Kiv n‡q‡Q|

`vwi`ª¨ wbimb, gvbe Dbœqb I RxebhvÎvi Dbœqb wel‡q AwR©Z AMÖMwZi wPÎMywj evsjv‡`k‡K RvwZ wn‡m‡e Mwe©Z K‡i‡Q| wPÎMywj AviI wbwðZ K‡i †h Dbœqb †KŠkjmg~n h_vh_ I mwVK c‡_ cwiPvwjZ n‡q‡Q| Z‡e A`~i fwel¨‡Z `vwi‡`ªï P¨v‡jÄ e¨vcK I enywea n‡e| GB P¨v‡jÄ AwZµg K‡iB mvg‡b GwM‡q †h‡Z n‡e| `vwi`ª¨ mswkøó Gme P¨v‡j‡Äi i‡q‡Q bvbv w`K I gvÎv fwel¨r `vwi`ª¨ wbimb †KŠkj cÖYq‡b G¸‡jv‡K Myiæ‡Z¡i mv‡_ we‡ePbvq wb‡Z n‡e| mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji ch©vßZv hvPvB‡qi †ÿ‡ÎI GMywji MyiyZ¡c~Y© cÖvmw½KZv i‡q‡Q| AÂj‡f‡` (MÖvg I kni Ges wefvM Abymv‡i) `vwi‡`ªï eÈ‡b e¨vcK cv_©K¨ j¶¨ Kiv hvq| `vwi`ª¨ eÈ‡bi GB †fŠ‡MvwjK cv_©K¨ `vwi`ª¨ wPÎvq‡bi eZ©gvb c×wZi Av‡iv cwi‡kvab, cwigvR©b I cÖmvi‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv wb‡`©k K‡i| eZ©gvb c×wZ‡K wbLuyZ Kivi Rb¨ AviI gvb`Ð (c¨vivwgUvi) †hgb, †RÛvi, eqm, wk¶v, m¤c` I Kg©ms¯’vb BZ¨vw` ms‡hvR‡bi ¸iæZ¡I GwU Zz‡j a‡i| Gi d‡j GKwU h_vh_ `vwi`ª¨ wbimb †KŠkj (I mswkøó Kg©KvÐ) cÖYqb m¤¢e n‡e| Zvrc‡h©i we‡ePbvq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj‡K `vwi`ª¨wPÎ Ges mswkøó SuzwKmg~n ch©v‡jvPbvi mv‡_ msMwZc~Y© n‡Z n‡e| A_©bxwZ I mgv‡Ri e¨vcK iƒcvšÍ‡ii Kvi‡Y bvRyK ev SzuwKMÖ¯Í Rb‡Mvôxi †mev-cwiPh©vi cÖPwjZ aib GLb Avi c~‡e©i b¨vq Kvh©Ki bq| RbwgwZK cwieZ©b Ges bMivqb I Awfevmb BZ¨vw` AbyNU‡Ki Kvi‡Y mKj †`‡kB G iKg aviv j¶¨ Kiv hvq| †h‡nZz Dbœq‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ me †`‡kB GiKg cwieZ©b NU‡Q, †m‡nZz GwU Acwinvh© †h mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj †mme Dcvq ev c×wZi eë¯’v Ki‡e †hMywji Øviv miKvi me©vwaK SzuwKMÖ¯Í Rb‡Mvôxi Rb¨ b¨~bZg Av‡qi wbðqZv w`‡Z cvi‡e| AvšÍR©vwZK AwfÁZv †_‡K †`Lv †M‡Q, mvgvwRK wbivcËv mnvqZv SzuwKMÖ¯Í bvMwiK‡ì‡K Zv‡ì mvgvwRK ej‡q cybivq AšÍf©z³ Ki‡Z m¶g| GQvov GwU mgv‡R Zv‡ì gh©v`vc~Y© ¯’vbI cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K|

1.4 evsjv‡`‡k mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi weKvk I msw¶ß weeiY

µgvš^‡q Lv`¨ mnvqZvi cwie‡Z© bM` A‡_© cÖ`Ë mnvqZvi nvi e„w× cvq| bM` UvKv g~jZ RxebPµwfwËK Kg©m~wPMywji gva¨‡g †`qv n‡q‡Q| GKwesk kZvãxi cÖ_g `k‡Ki gvSvgvwS mg‡q †ewkifvM we‡`wk Lv`¨mnvqZv Kvh©µg cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i †bqv nq| Gi cwie‡Z© miKvwi A_©vq‡b (Ki ivR¯^ n‡Z) Lv`¨km¨ cÖ`vb ïiæ nq| GbwRI Ges miKvi KZ©…K M„nxZ †QvU AvKv‡ii cÖK‡íi msL¨v D‡jøL‡hvM¨fv‡e e„w× cvq| Gme cÖK‡í wKQz mvgvwRK wbivcËvg~jK Dcv`vb hy³ n‡q‡Q| G mg¯Í D‡`¨v‡Mi d‡j MZ Pvi `k‡K mvgvwRK wbivcËvg~jK Kg©m~wPi ZvwjKv `xN©vwqZ n‡q‡Q, hv `vwi‡`ª¨i ZxeªZv cÖkg‡bi cvkvcvwk `y‡h©vM cwiw¯’wZ DËiYmn A_©‰bwZK cÖe„w× AR©b cÖwµqvq GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© mnvqK f‚wgKv †i‡L‡Q| mviwY-1.1-G mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi †¶‡Î mvwaZ D™¢vebxmg~‡ni Pvwn`vZvwoZ cÖwµqvi GKwU mgqwPÎ †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

evsjv‡`‡k AvbyôvwbK mvgvwRK wbivcËv †eóbx Kg©m~wPi my`xN© BwZnvm i‡q‡Q| Gme wbivcËv †eóbx Kg©m~wP AskZ eZ©gvb mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi cÖK…wZ wbav©i‡Y Ab¨Zg cÖfveK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i‡Q| ¯^vaxbZv DËiKv‡j †`‡ki cÖavb mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wP wQj miKvwi Kg©Pvix‡ì Rb¨ †cbkb ev AemiKvjxb fvZv| Gi cwic~iK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i‡Q cÖwf‡W›U dvÛ hv wQj miKvwi I AvbyôvwbK e¨w³Lv‡Zi Kg©Pvix‡ì Rb¨ mÂ‡qi GKwU evnb| Gi gva¨‡g Kg©PvixMY Aem‡i hvIqvi mgq GKKvjxb fvZv †c‡Zb| hv‡nvK, 1974 mv‡ji Lv`¨ msKU I Avwki `k‡K msNwUZ Dch©zcwi eb¨v Ges G ai‡bi Ab¨vb¨ msK‡Ui cÖfve †gvKv‡ejvq gvivZ¥Kfv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯Í `wi`ª cwieviMywji Rb¨ bZzb Kg©m~wP MÖnY Kiv nq| Gme Kg©m~wP wQj g~jZ we‡`wk mnvqZvcyó MYc~Z© Kg©KvÐ I Lv`¨ mnvqZv Kg©m~wP| Avwki `k‡Ki †kl w`‡K miKvi Ggb me Kg©m~wP MÖnY K‡i †hMywj RxebP‡µi wewfbœ chv©‡q m„ó SzuwK †gvKv‡ejvq mnvqZv K‡i‡Q| we`¨vj‡q QvÎ Dce„wË Kg©m~wP G ai‡bi GKwU Kvh©µg| beŸB `k‡Ki †kl w`‡K miKvi weaev fvZv I eq®‹ fvZvi g‡Zv RbwcÖq Kg©m~wPMywj‡Z e¨vcK wewb‡qvM ïiæ K‡i| GQvov `vZv‡MvôxI wewfbœ GbwRI cwiPvwjZ Kg©m~wP‡Z D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cwigvY wewb‡qvM K‡i| Gme Kg©m~wPi g‡a¨ mvgvR‡mevg~jK Kg©KvÐ QvovI wQj mvgvwRK Aby`vbg~jK (†mvk¨vj UªvÝdvi) Kg©KvÐ|

05 wRBwW

mviwY 1.1: mvgvwRK wbivcËv †eóbx msµvšÍ D™¢vebxmg~n ÑGKwU mgqwPÎ

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

mgqKvj

06 wRBwW

D™¢vebxmg~n

cÖvmw½K Dcv`vbmg~n

mËi `k‡Ki gvSvgvwS †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ

wfwRGd ewa©Z Kv‡Ri wewbg‡q Lv`¨ ÿz`ªFY

1974 mv‡ji Lv`¨ msK‡Ui cÖwZwµqv

ga¨ Avwki `kK

ÔÎvYÕ †_‡K ÔÎvY I DbœqbÕ Gi Dci ¸iæZ¡ †`Iqvq wfwRGd Kg©m~wP wfwRwW‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ nq (c‡i AvBwRwfwRwW-‡Z)

Zxeª ÿzav Kgv‡Z †Kej Lv‡`¨i ms¯’vbB h‡_ó bq-mykxj mgv‡Ri cÿ †_‡K mgv‡jvPbv Kiv nq †h G ai‡bi D‡`¨vM `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôx‡K AwZgvÎvq wbf©ikxj K‡i †dj‡Q| mykxj mgv‡Ri cÿ †_‡K G ai‡bi mgv‡jvPbvi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z Avq ea©bg~jK Kg©Kv‡Ð cÖwkÿY Kg©m~wP AšÍfz©³ Ges GbwRImg~n‡K m¤ú„³ Kivi gva¨‡g GB bZzb D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kiv nq|

Avwki `k‡Ki †kl cÖvšÍ

AviGgwc: Kg©m„Rbg~jK D™¢vebx Kg©m~wP -myiÿvi mv‡_ Dbœqb jÿ¨I hy³ nq -gvwU KvUvi KvR QvovI mvgvwRK ebvqb, moK iÿYv‡eÿY I ms¯‹vi BZ¨vw` hy³ nq

1987 I 1988 mv‡j Dch©ycwi msNwUZ fqven I aŸsmvZœK eb¨vi cÖwZwµqvq †gŠmygwfwËK g„wËKvwbf©i AeKvVv‡gvi cwie‡Z© mKj †gŠmyg Dc‡hvMx AeKvVv‡gv wbg©v‡Yi Dci ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc cwijwÿZ nq|

beŸB `k‡Ki cÖ_g fvM

kZ©hy³ bM` A_©mnvqZv wkÿvi wewbg‡q Lv`¨ Kg©m~wP

wkÿvi wewbg‡q Lv`¨ I †g‡q‡`i Rb¨ we`¨vjq Dce„wË Kg©m~wP cÖeZ©‡bi `ywU Dcv`vb n‡jv: 1) beŸB `k‡K msm`xq MYZ‡š¿ cÖZ¨veZ©‡bi d‡j †`Lv †Mj, wbe©vwPZ ivR‰bwZK †bZ…e„›` ivR‰bwZK mg_©b jv‡fi D‡Ï‡k¨ beZi Dr‡mi mÜv‡b iZ; Ges 2) cjøx †ikwbs Kg©m~wP wejywßi †cÖwÿ‡Z Lv`¨-mnvqZvi beZi e¨env‡ii Dcvq AbymÜvb|

beŸB `k‡Ki †kl fvM

wfwRGd KvW© eq¯‹ fvZv weaev fvZv

GKwesk kZvãxi cÖ_g `k‡Ki cÖ_g fvM

DËiY Afxó myyiÿv I Dbœqbg~jK jÿ¨mn AviGgwc I wfwRwWi avivevwnKZvq bZzb bZzb Kg©m~wP MÖnY

GKwesk kZvãxi cÖ_g `k‡Ki gvSvgvwS

†fŠ‡MvwjK wbev©Pb g½vcxwoZ GjvKv, PivÂj

GKwesk kZvãxi cÖ_g `k‡Ki †kl fvM

Kg©mms¯’v‡bi wbðqZv

1998 mv‡j msNwUZ aŸmvsZœK eb¨vi cÖwZ mvov`v‡bi dj n‡jv wfwRGd KvW© cÖeZ©b| ZLb Lv`¨ wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi `ªæZZg ms¯’vb AZ¨šÍ Riæwi n‡q c‡owQj| G `ywU Kg©m~wP n‡jv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvc~Y© RbwcÖqZvwbf©i ivRbxwZ ZvwoZ D™¢vebx | †Kej myiÿv weav‡bi jÿ¨ †_‡K myiÿv I Dbœqb j‡ÿ¨ m‡i Avmv|

`vwi`ª¨ c‡K‡Ui Dcw¯’wZi e¨vcKZi ¯^xK…wZ| 2007-08 mv‡ji Lv`¨g~j¨ e„w× bZzb D‡`¨vM MÖn‡Y DØy× K‡i hvi dj n‡jv Kg©m„Rbg~jK Kg©m~wP‡Z Kg©ms¯’vb wbðqZvi (Kg©nxb mg‡q e¨vcK Kg©ms¯’v‡bi e¨e¯’v Kiv) AšÍfz©w³|

Dch©y³ D™¢vebx cÖwµqvi wcQ‡b wZbwU Dcv`vb KvR K‡i‡Q| cÖ_gwU n‡jv gvbeZvev`x `k©b ev gvbweK g~j¨‡eva hv evsjv‡`‡ki mgv‡Ri Mfx‡i †cÖvw_Z Ges G mgv‡Ri GKwU Abycg ˆewkó¨| G `k©b `y‡h©vMRwbZ ev Kg©ms¯’v‡bi AfveRwbZ Kvi‡Y mvgwqK Lv`¨ wbivcËvnxbZvq ÎvY Kvh©µg‡K AMÖvwaKvi †`q| G g~j¨‡eva †_‡K `ywU wfwËg~jxq Kg©m~wPi D™¢e nq| GKwU n‡jv wfwRGd hv 1974 mv‡j Pvjy nq| G Kg©m~wPi gva¨‡g AwZ`wi`ª cwieviMywj‡K Lv`¨ mnvqZv †`qv nq| Ab¨wU n‡jv Kv‡Ri wewbg‡q Lv`¨ (KvweLv) Kg©m~wP hv 1975 mv‡j Pvjy nq| G Kg©m~wP‡Z gRywi

wn‡m‡e Lv`¨km¨ †`qv nq| mvgwqK Lv`¨ wbivcËvnxbZv †gvKv‡ejvq †hme Kg©m~wP Ae¨vnZ i‡q‡Q †mMywji wfwË wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i‡Q GB `ywU Kg©m~wP| bZzb †`k wn‡m‡e Avwef©‚Z nIqvi cÖvq `y`kK ci mvgvwRK wbivcËv †eóbx Kg©m~wP‡Z wbivcËv ejq QvovI µ‡gvbœwZi †mvcvb ev ¶gZvqbg~jK Dcv`vb cÖeZ©‡bi wPšÍvfvebv Kiv nq hv‡Z K‡i myweav‡fvMxiv mvgwqK Îv‡Yi evB‡iI AwaKZi †UKmB myweav jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i| gvbe Dbœqb (cÖwk¶Y, wk¶ve„wË, m‡PZbZv m„wó), Avw_©K ¯^vej¤^b (mÂq, Avq cwic~iK, ¶z`ªFY cÖvwß), Kg©ms¯’v‡bi wbðqZv ev m¤c` n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii gva¨‡g Giƒc Dbœqb †mvcvbg~jK Dcv`vb cÖeZ©b Kiv nq| d‡j mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi D™¢veb I cix¶Y cÖwµqvq GKwU bZzb avivi cÖPjb N‡U hv GLbI ch©šÍ Ae¨vnZ i‡q‡Q| mvgvwRK wbivcËv ejq mgwói cÖmv‡i Z…Zxq AbyNUKwU n‡jv AwaKZi me©Rbxb mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’v| G eë¯’vq wecbœ we‡kl Rb‡Mvôxi (†hgb eq¯‹, cÖwZeÜx Ges `y¯’ I SzuwKMÖ¯Í gwnjv) cÖ‡qvR‡bi Dci MyiæZ¡ Av‡ivc Kiv nq| wbivcËv ejq mgwói GB As‡ki hvÎv ïiæ nq 1990 `kK †_‡K hLb wbe©vPbx MYZ‡š¿i cybivwefv©e N‡U| GQvov mvgvwRK wbivcËv cÖ`vb cÖwµqv wel‡qI A‡bK cixÿY I D™¢veb Pjgvb i‡q‡Q| GMywji g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ n‡jv Lv`¨mnvqZvi cwie‡Z© bM` A_© cÖ`vb, GbUvB‡Uj‡g›U KvW©, e¨vswKs P¨v‡bj eënvi, Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevq‡b ¯’vbxq miKv‡ii eënvi, †fŠ‡MvwjK wbe©vPb Ges cwiex¶Y cÖwµqv| evsjv‡`‡k mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi weKv‡ki †cQ‡b D‡jøL‡hvM¨fv‡e Pvwn`vZvwoZ Dcv`v‡bi Dcw¯’wZ i‡q‡Q| GMywji D™¢e n‡q‡Q bZzb MYZvwš¿K Avkv-AvKv•ÿv Ges GKBmv‡_ msKU DËiY cÖ‡Póv †_‡K| evsjv‡`k Zvi mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi Dbœq‡b weg~Z© AwaKvimg~‡ni AvBbMZ avivi cwie‡Z© µgea©gvb Kg©m~wP cix¶‡Yi (Bbwµ‡g›Uvj †cÖvMÖvg G·‡cwi‡g‡›Ukb) GKwU ev¯ÍewfwËK c_ AbymiY K‡i‡Q| Lv`¨-wbivcËvwfwËK g~j wfwRwW Kg©m~wP Ges MYc~Z©wfwËK cjøx-AeKvVv‡gv i¶Yv‡e¶Y Kg©m~wPmn A‡bK AbyeZ©x Kg©m~wP MÖnY‡K DrmvwnZ K‡i‡Q, †hgb AvBwRwfwRwW, GdGmwfwRwW, wmGdwcAvi-wUBDwc, wiIcv, AviBAviGgwc BZ¨vw`| Gme Kg©m~wPi bKkvq I cÖmvi‡Yi ‡ÿ‡Î AwaKZi RwUj j¶¨mg~n‡K µgvš^‡q AšÍf©z³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôxi †h Ask we`¨gvb Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni AvIZvi evB‡i †_‡K hv‡”Q Zv‡ì‡K wPwýZKi‡Yi Dci †Rvi w`‡q SzuwKgyLxZvi mgvšÍiv‡j bZyb Kg©m~wPi weKvk N‡U‡Q| GwU cieZ©x‡Z cÖvwšÍK Rb‡Mvôx †Kw›`ªKZvi (†hgb Pievmx, ev cÖv_wgKfv‡e g½vcxwoZ GjvKvi Dci ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vbK…Z e¨vcKZi †fŠ‡MvwjK wbev©Pb Ges eZ©gv‡b nvIi I DcK‚jxq m¤cÖ`v‡qi Dci ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb) wfwËg~j wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|

evsjv‡`‡ki eZ©gvb mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’v †ek RwUj hv enymsL¨K Kg©m~wP wb‡q MwVZ Ges A‡bK gš¿Yvjq KZ©…K cwiPvwjZ| A_© gš¿Yvj‡qi GK wnmve g‡Z, evsjv‡`‡k mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi AvIZvq eZ©gv‡b ev‡R‡Ui A_©vq‡b 145wU Kg©m~wP i‡q‡Q| 2014-15 A_©eQ‡i Gme Kg©m~wP‡Z 306.4 wewjqb UvKv eivÏ †`qv nq, hv wRwWwci 2.02 kZvsk| Gme Kg©m~wP 23wU ev ZviI †ewk gš¿Yvjq/wefv‡Mi gva¨‡g cwiPvwjZ nq Ges ev¯ÍevqbKvix gš¿Yvjq/ms¯’vMywji g‡a¨ Z_¨ wewbg‡qi †Kv‡bv AvbyôvwbK eë¯’v GLv‡b †bB|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

mvgvwRK wbivcËv Lv‡Z miKv‡ii cÖwZkÖæwZi cÖwZdjb NwU‡q G Lv‡Zi ev‡RU eivÏ Avw_©K g~‡j¨ Ges wRwWwci Ask wn‡m‡e DË‡ivËi e„w× †c‡q‡Q| wPÎ 1.5 G †`Lv hv‡”Q, wRwWwci Ask wn‡m‡e mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi eivÏ 1998 mv‡ji 1.3 kZvsk †_‡K †e‡o 2011 mv‡j 2.3 kZvsk n‡q‡Q| Gici †_‡K GwU wRwWwci cÖvq 2 kZvs‡k w¯’wZkxj i‡q‡Q| AvšÍR©vwZK gvb Abyhvqx eiv‡Ïi cwigvY †gvUvgywU g‡b n‡jI miKv‡ii ev‡RU mxgve×Zv we‡ePbv Ki‡j GwU miKv‡ii AvšÍwiK cÖ‡Póvi ewntcÖKvk (miKv‡ii †gvU e¨‡qi 13 kZvsk) Ges mvgvwRK Dbœqb bxwZi GB avivi cÖwZ miKv‡ii m‡e©v”P AMÖvwaKvi cÖ`v‡bi wb‡`©kK|

07 wRBwW

wPÎ 1.5: wRwWwc I †gvU e¨‡qi kZvsk wn‡m‡e mvgvwRK wbivcËv e¨q

wRwWwci kZKiv wn‡m‡e

0.16 0.14 0.12 0.1

2.5 2 1.5

0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02

1 0.5

‡gvU e¨‡qi kZKiv wn‡m‡e

0.18

FY 98 FY 99 FY 00 FY 01 FY 02 FY 03 FY 04 FY 05 FY 06 FY 07 FY 08 FY 09 FY 10 FY 11 FY 12 FY 13 FY 14

‡gvU e¨‡qi % wn‡m‡e mvgvwRK wbivcËv e¨q

wRwWwci % wn‡m‡e mvgvwRK wbivcËv e¨q

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

Drm: A_© gš¿Yvjq|

08 wRBwW

mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi GKwU ch©v‡jvPbv †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h, wewfbœ Kg©m~wPi g‡a¨ e¨vcKgvÎvq AwaµgY (Ifvij¨vc) we`¨gvb Ges A‡bK Kg©m~wP AvKv‡i GZ †QvU †h j¶¨fz³ Rb‡Mvôxi Dci Zv‡ì cÖfve AwZ mvgvb¨| cÖvq 58 kZvsk Kg©m~wPi †gvU evwl©K ev‡RU 500 wgwjqb (6.3 wgwjqb gvwK©b Wjvi) UvKvi †P‡q Kg Ges G meMywj Kg©m~wPi ev‡RU GK‡Î miKv‡ii †gvU mvgvwRK wbivcËv e¨‡qi gvÎ 4 kZvsk| cÖavb cÖavb Kg©m~wP †f‡` eÈb wPÎ-1.6 G †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| cÖavb ev eo ej‡Z †mme Kg©m~wP‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q †hMywji ev‡RU 2012-13 A_©eQ‡ii wnmve Abyhvqx GK wewjqb UvKv (1.25 wgwjqb gvwK©b Wjvi) ev ZviI AwaK| cÖvq 28wU Kg©m~wP GB c~e©kZ© c~iY K‡i Ges †gvU mvgvwRK wbivcËv ev‡R‡Ui 92 kZvsk e¨q nq GB Kg©m~wPMywj eve`| wPÎ †_‡K mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi eZ©gvb KvVv‡gvi KwZcq w`K j¶¨ Kiv hvq| 2013 A_©eQ‡i kxl© 10wU Kg©m~wP‡Z †gvU mvgvwRK wbivcËv ev‡R‡Ui cÖvq 69 kZvsk eivÏ †`qv nq| ev‡RU eivÏ we‡ePbvq wnmve Ki‡j †`Lv hvq †h, miKvwi Kg©Pvix I Zv‡ì †cvl¨‡ì Rb¨ †cbkb Kg©m~wP n‡jv GKK me©e„nr Kg©m~wP Ges GB Kg©m~wP‡Z 2013 mv‡j mvgvwRK wbivcËv Lv‡Z eivÏK…Z †gvU A‡_©i cÖvq GK-PZz_©vsk eivÏ †`qv n‡”Q| †gvU mvgvwRK wbivcËv ev‡R‡Ui kZvsk wn‡m‡e Ab¨ 9wU cÖavb Kg©m~wP n‡jv: †Lvjv evRv‡i weKªq (7.6 kZvsk), Kv‡Ri wewbg‡q Lv`¨ (6.5 kZvsk), †U÷ wiwjd (5.5 kZvsk), fvjbv‡iej MÖyc wdwWs (5.2 kZvsk), AwZ`wi`ª‡ì Rb¨ Kg©m„Rb Kg©m~wP (5.2 kZvsk), cÖv_wgK wk¶v Dce„wË (4 kZvsk), eq¯‹ fvZv (3.9 kZvsk), fvjbv‡iej MÖæc †W‡fjc‡g›U (3.7 kZvsk) Ges wewfbœ Kg©m~wP‡Z †_vK eivÏ (3.5 kZvsk)| Aewkó 18wU cÖavb Kg©m~wP †gvU mvgvwRK wbivcËv ev‡R‡Ui kZvsk wn‡m‡e GL‡bv AvKv‡i A‡bK †QvU | GB 18wU Kg©m~wPi AvIZvq Kg©m~wPcÖwZ †gvU mvgvwRK wbivcËv ev‡R‡Ui 2.8 kZvsk ev Zvi PvB‡ZI Kg eivÏ †`qv nq| Z‡e meMywj Kg©m~wPi eivÏ GK‡Î 2012-13 A_©eQ‡ii mvgvwRK wbivcËv ev‡R‡Ui cÖvq 20 kZvsk| GwU wb‡`©k K‡i †h Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni msL¨vwaK¨ I cybive„ËwZi †cÖwÿ‡Z Av‡jvP¨ Kg©m~wPmg~n‡K mn‡RB GKxf‚Z Kiv m¤¢e Ges Gi d‡j Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni cwiPvjb eë¯’v AviI `¶ n‡e Ges cwiPvjb e¨qI K‡g hv‡e| myweav‡fvMxi msL¨v we‡ePbvq Gme Kg©m~wPi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© êwkó¨ n‡jv AwZmsL¨vqb| A_© gš¿Yvj‡qi DcvË †_‡K †`Lv hvq, 2014-15 A_©eQ‡i 145wU mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi Rb¨ 306.4 wewjqb UvKv eivÏ †`qv nq; cÖvq 81 wgwjqb myweav‡fvMx Gme Kg©m~wP †_‡K DcK…Z n‡q‡Q| GwU GKwU ¯’zj msL¨v wn‡m‡e cwiMwbZ n‡Z cv‡i GB A‡_© †h GwU GKwU Kg©m~wPi cÖwZwU myweav‡fvMx‡K GKRb e¨w³ wn‡m‡e MY¨ K‡i‡Q A_P Ggb n‡Z cv‡i †h A‡bK e¨w³ GKvwaK Kg©m~wP †_‡K GKB mg‡q DcKvi ev myweav †c‡q‡Q| Lvbv Avq-e¨q Rwic 2010 †_‡K †`Lv hvq, †gvU Lvbvi cÖvq 24.5 kZvsk Kgc‡¶ GKwU mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wP †_‡K myweav †c‡q‡Q| msL¨vi we‡ePbvq GLv‡b DcKvi‡fvMxi msL¨v n‡Z cv‡i cÖvq 37 wgwjqb, hv D‡jøL‡hvM¨fv‡e Kg| A_©gš¿Yvjq KZ…K wnmveK…Z myweav‡fvMxi msL¨vi †P‡q Avq-e¨q Rwi‡c myweav‡fvMxi msL¨v Kg nIqvi wKQz hyw³m½Z KviYI i‡q‡Q| cÖ_gZ, A_©eQi 2013 Ges Lvbv Avq-e¨q Rwic 2010 Gi ga¨Kvi mg‡qi eëavb n‡e 3 eQi| wØZxqZ, Avq-e¨q Rwi‡c myweav‡fvMx Lvbvi h_vh_ cÖwZdjb nevi m¤¢vebv Kg Ges G Rwi‡c mvgvwRK wbivcËvg~jK A‡bK Kg©m~wP eve` Z_¨ ev` c‡o wM‡q _vK‡Z cv‡i | Lvbv Avq-e¨q Rwic I A_© gš¿Yvj‡qi Z‡_ï g‡a¨ eëavb A‡bK †ewk e‡j cÖZxqgvb nq Ges G mgm¨v †_‡KB GKwU kw³kvjx Z_¨ eë¯’vcbv c×wZi (GgAvBGm) cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Abyf‚Z nq|

wPÎ 1.6: cÖavb cÖavb mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi eÈb (2012-13 A_©eQ‡ii mvgvwRK wbivcËv ev‡R‡Ui % wn‡m‡e) `y‡h©vM e¨e¯’vcbv Lv‡Z ‡_vK eivÏ

0.4 %

Am”Qj cªwZeÜx‡`i Rb¨ fvZv

0.4 %

`wi`ª‡`i A_©‰bwZK ÿgZvqb

0.5 %

Avkªqb-2 c«Kí

0.5 %

g¨vUvibvj, PvBì, wi‡c«vWvw±f A¨vÛ A¨v‡Wv‡j‡m›U ‡nj&_

0.6 %

f~wgnxb I Am”Qj gyw³‡hv×v‡`i Rb¨ evm¯’vb wbg©vb

1.0 %

Lv`¨ mnvqZv (cve©Z¨ PÆM«vg)

1.0 %

iæivj Ggcøq‡g›U A¨vÛ ‡ivW ‡gBb‡Ub¨vÝ

1.1 %

Mª¨vPyBUvm wiwjd (Lv`¨)

1.1 %

‡mvk¨vj †Wfjvc‡g›U dvD‡Ûkb

1.2 %

b¨vkbvj mvwf©m

1.3 %

weaev I ¯^vgx cwiZ¨³v `yt¯’ gwnjv‡`i Rb¨ fvZv

1.4 %

Am”Qj gyw³‡hv×v m¤§vbx

1.6 %

wifvBUvjvB‡Rkb Ad KwgDwbwU ‡nj_ ‡Kqvi Bwbwk‡qwUf

1.7 %

Rjevqy cwieZ©b Znwej

1.7 %

¯‹yj wdwWs ‡cªvMªvg

2.0 %

GKwU evwo GKwU Lvgvi

2.3 % 2.8 %

gva¨wgK we`¨vjq Dc-e„wË wewfbœ Kg©m~Pxi Rb¨ ‡_vK eivÏ

3.5 %

fvjbv‡iej MÖæc ‡W‡fjc‡g›U (wfwRwW)

3.7 %

eq¯‹fvZv Kvh©µg

3.9 %

cªv_wgK wk¶v Dc-e„wË

4.0 %

AwZ`wi`ª‡`i Rb¨ Kg©ms¯’vb

5.2 %

wfwRGd

5.2 %

wU Avi (Lv`¨)

5.5 %

Kv‡Ri wewbg‡q Lv`¨ (KvweLv)

6.5 %

IGgGm miKvix Kg©Pvix‡`i Aemi fvZv

24.0 %

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

‡gvU mvgvwRK wbivcËv e¨‡qi kZKiv Ask Drm: A_© gš¿Yvjq|

0.25

0.3

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

7.6 %

09 wRBwW

wPÎ 1.7: cÖavb Kg©m~wPi wfwË‡Z myweav‡fvMx‡`i eÈb A_©‰bwZKfv‡e Am”Qj cªwZewÜ‡`i Rb¨ fvZv

0.04 %

`wi`ª‡`i A_©‰bwZK ÿgZvqb

5.2 %

Avkªqb-2 cªKí

0.0 %

g¨vUvibvj, PvBì, wi‡cªvWvw±f A¨vÛ A¨v‡Wv‡j‡m›U ‡nj&_

0.1 %

f~wgnxb I Am”Qj gyw³‡hv×v‡`i Rb¨ evm¯’vb wbg©vb

0.0 %

Lv`¨ mnvqZv (cve©Z¨ PÆMªvg)

0.5 %

iæivj Ggcøq‡g›U A¨vÛ ‡ivW ‡gBb‡Ub¨vÝ

0.2 %

Mª¨vPyBUvm wiwjd (Lv`¨)

10.3 %

‡mvk¨vj †W‡fjvc‡g›U dvD‡Ûkb

0.1 %

b¨vkbvj mvwf©m

0.1 %

weaev I ¯^vgx cwiZ¨³v `yt¯’ gwnjv‡`i Rb¨ fvZv

1.2 %

Am”Qj gyw³‡hv×v m¤§vbx

0.2 %

wifvBUvjvB‡Rkb Ad KwgDwbwU ‡nj_ ‡Kqvi Bwbwk‡qwUf

0.6 %

Rjevqy cwieZ©b Znwej

1.2 % 3.1 %

¯‹yj wdwWs ‡cªvMªvg

1.2 %

GKwU evwo GKwU Lvgvi gva¨wgK we`¨vjq Dc-e„wË

4.9 %

wewfbœ Kg©m~Pxi Rb¨ ‡_vK eivÏ

0.1 %

fvjbv‡iej MÖæc †W‡fjvc‡g›U (wfwRwW)

2.9 %

eq¯‹fvZv Kvh©µg

3.2 % 10.1 %

cªv_wgK wk¶v Dc-e„wË 0.1 %

AwZ`wi`ª‡`i Rb¨ Kg©ms¯’vb

11.0 %

wfwRGd wU Avi (Lv`¨)

1.7 %

Kv‡Ri wewbg‡q Lv`¨ (KvweLv)

2.2 % 28.4 %

IGgGm 0.5 %

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

miKvix Kg©Pvix‡`i Aemi fvZv

10 wRBwW

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

‡gvU mvgvwRK wbivcËv e¨‡qi kZKiv Ask Drm: A_© gš¿Yvjq|

wPÎ 1.7 G cÖavb Kg©m~wP †f‡` myweav‡fvMx‡`i wefvRb †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi AvIZvq †gvU myweav †fvMxi 70 kZvsk 6wU cÖavb Kg©m~wPi AvIZvfz³| GB 6wU Kg©m~wPi g‡a¨ me‡P‡q eo Kg©m~wP n‡jv †Lvjv evRv‡i weµq (IGgGm)| †gvU myweav‡fvMx‡`i 28 kZvsk Gi AvIZvq myweav †fvM K‡i‡Q| Gi c‡iB i‡q‡Q fvjbv‡iej MÖæc wdwWs Kg©m~wP (†gvU myweav‡fvMxi 11 kZvsk), MÖvUzBUvm wiwjd dzW Kg©m~wP (†gvU myweav‡fvMxi

10.3 kZvsk), cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq Dce„wË Kg©m~wP (10.1 kZvsk), B‡KvbwgK GgcvIqvi‡g›U †cÖvMÖvg Ae w` cyIi Kg©m~wP (5.2 kZvsk) Ges gva¨wgK we`¨vjq Dce„wË Kg©m~wP (4.9 kZvsk)| mvgvwRK wbivcËv ev‡R‡Ui Ask wn‡m‡e Gme Kg©m~wPi †gvU eivÏ gvÎ 21 kZvsk| †gvU mvgvwRK wbivcËv myweav‡fvMxi gvÎ 0.5 kZvsk miKv‡ii †cbkb Kg©m~wPi AvIZvfz³ hwÌ †gvU mvgvwRK wbivcËv ev‡R‡U †cbkb Kg©m~wPi Ask cÖvq 25 kZvsk| eZ©gvb Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni KvVv‡gv AwaKZi †KŠkjMZ I we‡kølYg~jK Dcv‡q †`Lvi GKwU Dcvq n‡jv RxebPµwfwËK KvVv‡gvi †cÖw¶‡Z Kg©m~wPmg~n‡K †kÖYxweb¨¯Í Kiv| `wi`ª I SzuwKMÖ¯Í gvbyl RxebP‡µi wewfbœ ¯Í‡i bvbv SzuwK, AwfNvZ, wec`-Avc` I wech©‡qi m¤§yLxb n‡q _v‡K (wPÎ 1.8)| wKQz SzuwK i‡q‡Q †hMywj mgqgZ †gvKv‡ejv bv Kiv n‡j †mMywj Rxebe¨vcx `xN©¯’vqx †bwZevPK cÖfve †d‡j| D`vniY¯îƒc, Mf©Kvjxb mg‡q ev mšÍvb cÖm‡ei mg‡q GKRb gv‡qi Rb¨ we‡kl ¯^v¯’¨‡mev ev beRvZ‡Ki (0-2 eQi eqmx) †mevhZœ mwVKfv‡e Kiv bv n‡j fwel¨Z Rxeb SzuwKc~Y© n‡Z cv‡i| GKBfv‡e, GKRb eq¯‹ (lv‡UvaŸ©) `wi`ª gvby‡li SzuwKmg~n Kg©¶g eq‡mi `wi`ª gvbyl‡ì SzuwKmg~n †_‡K AwaKZi P¨v‡jwÄs n‡q _v‡K| A_v©r RxebP‡µi wewfbœ ¯Í‡i weivRgvb SzuwKmg~‡n ¸YMZ cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’v GmKj cv_©K¨‡K we‡ePbvq wb‡q †mMywj‡K †gvKv‡ejv Kivi †Póv K‡i _v‡K| Avevi †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vq RxebPµwfwËK SzuwKmg~‡ni cÖ‡qvR‡bi cÖwZ we‡klfv‡e mvov †Ìqv nqbv| †`Lv †M‡Q †h cÖ_‡gv³ eë¯’vi gva¨‡g myweav‡fvMx‡ì‡K AwaKZi Kvh©Ki mnvqZv cÖ`vb Kiv m¤¢e| wPÎ 1.8: RxebP‡µi SuzwKmg~n • wkï kªg • ¯‹y‡j cov‡jLv my‡hvM bv cvIqv ev cov Pvwj‡q ‡h‡Z bv cviv • evwo‡Z covïbvi Rb¨ cªwZK~j cwi‡ek • Acywó • wkï wbh©vZb • wcZv-gvZvi g…Zÿ

• Awbivc` Rb¥ Ges Mf©c~e© I

Mf©-cieZ©x ‡mevi my‡hvM bv cvIqv • wUKvi e‡›`ve¯Í bv _vKv • iæ×-weKvk (Le©vK…wZ) • Ach©vß ‡gavweKvk

• • • • •

µgvMZ ‡f‡½ civ Kv‡Ri Amg_©Zv cwiev‡i h‡Zœi Afve kªg kw³‡Z ‰elg¨ I FY bv cvIqv

‡eKviZ¡ I AcªZyj Kv‡Ri e¨e¯’v Ach©vß Avq FY `vqMÖ¯Í ‡hŠZyK Kg©Rxex gwnjvi wkï-cwiPh©vi e¨e¯’v bv _vKv • ‡RÛvi ‰elg¨ • cvwievwiK mwnsmZv

¯‹yjMg‡bi eqm

e…× eqm Abyl½ SyuwK AvKw¯§K AvNvZ Ges Amy¯’Zv

Kg©¶g eqm

A¶gZv Ges `xN©¯’vqx Amy¯’Zv

ZiæY

• • • •

`¶Zvi Afve ‡eKviZ¡ cªwk¶Y bv cvIqv mgvR n‡Z ewn¯‹vi

myZivs GwU LyeB ¯^vfvweK †h †ewkifvM †`‡ki mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’v RxebP‡µi SzuwK I P¨v‡jÄ †gvKv‡ejv‡K †K›`ª K‡i µgvš^‡q weKwkZ n‡q‡Q| e¯ÍyZ, wewfbœ RbwgwZK †kÖwYfz³ Rb‡Mvôx‡K mnvqZv cÖ`v‡bi j‡ÿ¨ wewfbœ †`k Zv‡ì mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’v M‡o Zz‡j‡Q | Z‡e hviv mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’v †_‡K ev` c‡o hvq ev hv‡ì evowZ mnvqZvi cÖ‡qvRb nq Zv‡ì Rb¨ †ewki fvM †`‡kB †QvU AvKv‡ii we‡kl myi¶v †eóbx cÖPwjZ i‡q‡Q| RxebPµwfwËK c×wZ e„nr cwim‡i g~jZ mvgvwRK wbivcËv †d¬v‡ii Dci wfwËcÖvß, hv RvwZmsN I evsjv‡`kmn Gi mKj m`m¨ †`k KZ©…K ¯^xK…Z n‡q‡Q| wØZxq Aa¨v‡qi we‡kølY †_‡K †`Lv †M‡Q, hwÌ RxebPµwfwËK KvVv‡gv GL‡bv ch©šÍ miKv‡ii AvbyôvwbK †KŠkj wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…Z bq ZeyI Pjgvb A‡bK Kg©m~Px G KvVv‡gv‡Z †kl ch©šÍ Lvc Lvq|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

• • • •

Mf©aviY I cªvK-‰kkeKvj

11 wRBwW

Z‡e G‡¶‡Î †ek wKQz cÖkœ i‡q †M‡Q| mvgvwRK wbivcËv ev‡R‡Ui GKwU eo Ask miKvwi Kg©Pvix‡`i †cbkb I Lv`¨ weZiY Kg©m~wP‡Z (mvaviY D‡Ï‡k¨ M„nxZ) e¨wqZ nq| myweav‡fvMxi msL¨v I A_©vqb `yw`K †_‡KB Mf©Kvjxb I cÖvK-ˆkkeKvjxb Ges cÖwZewÜZv mswkøó SzuwKmg~n nªvmK‡í M„nxZ Kg©m~wPi msL¨v D‡jøL‡hvM¨fv‡e Kg | eq¯‹ fvZv Kg©m~wP (miKv‡ii †cbkb Kg©m~wP ev‡`) †_‡K cÖvß Momyweav LyeB AcÖZzj Ges wecyj msL¨K eq¯‹ gvbyl G Kg©m~wPi evB‡i †_‡K hvq| cÖwZeÜx fvZv I `y¯’ gwnjv fvZv Kg©m~wPi †¶‡ÎI GKB ai‡bi mgm¨v cwijw¶Z nq|

1.5 `vwi‡`ªï Dci mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi cÖfve evsjv‡`‡k mvgvwRK wbivcËv Lv‡Z wRwWwci 2 kZvsk e¨q nq hv ev‡RU mxgve×Zvi ev¯ÍeZvq wecyj cwigvY A_© e¨q| myZivs, GUv cÖZ¨vwkZ †h e¨wqZ A_© †_‡K m‡e©v”P myweav AwR©Z n‡e| RvZxq ch©v‡q mvgvwRK wbivcËv Lv‡Z e¨wqZ A‡_©i cÖfve wewfbœ wb‡`©k‡Ki gva¨‡g wbiƒcY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| G‡¶‡Î wZbwU MyiyZ¡c~Y© wb‡`©kK n‡jv ¶zav nªvm, `vwi‡`ªï Dci cÖfve Ges `vwi‡`ªï MfxiZv nªvm| evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU Ab¨Zg eo AR©b n‡jv ¶zavwfwËK `vwi‡`ªï cÖ‡Kvc `ªyZ nªvm Ki‡Z cviv| mnmªvã Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎv AMÖMwZ cÖwZ‡e`b 2012 †_‡K †`Lv †M‡Q, †gvU RbmsL¨vq ¶zavZ© gvby‡li nvi 1990 mv‡ji 34.6 kZvsk †_‡K †b‡g 2012 mv‡j 16.8 kZvs‡k DbœxZ n‡q‡Q| GKB mgqKv‡j †gvU msL¨vi we‡ePbvq ¶zavcxwoZ gvby‡li msL¨v 37 wgwjqb †_‡K K‡g 25 wgwjqb `vuwo‡q‡Q| GwU Kg eo AR©b bq| K…wl Lv‡Z, we‡kl K‡i Lv`¨km¨ Drcv`‡b, h‡_ó AMÖMwZ mvwaZ nIqv Ges 1975 mvj †_‡K mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡j Lv`¨ wbivcËvi Dc‡i †Rvi †Ìqvi Kvi‡YB G AR©b m¤¢e n‡q‡Q| `vwi`ª¨ nªv‡mi Dci mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi cÖfve mviwY 1.2 G †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| j¶Yxq †h, Lvbv Avq-e¨q Rwic 2010 Gi Z_¨-Dcv‡Ëi wfwË‡Z AbyK…wZ (wmwgD‡jkb) cwiPvjbv Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges Rwi‡c DwjøwLZ 30wU mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wP‡K G AbyK…wZ‡Z AšÍf©y³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| G 30wU Kg©m~wP Avm‡j 145wU mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi GKwU cÖwZwbwaZ¡kxj Ask| mviwY 1.2 Gi 1g mvwi‡Z Lvbv Avq-e¨q Rwic 2010 †_‡K cÖvß djvdj †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| mvgvwRK wbivcËv e¨‡qi cÖfve cwigv‡c G djvdj‡K wfwËZ_¨ (†eBRjvBb) wn‡m‡e aiv n‡q‡Q| wØZxq mvwi‡Z mvgvwRK wbivcËv myweavi Abycw¯’wZ‡Z cwiPvwjZ AbyK…Z (wmwgD‡j‡UW) Abyhvqx `vwi`ª¨cÖfve D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| mvgvwRK wbivcËv e¨‡qi Abycw¯’wZ‡Z `vwi`ª¨nvi n‡e cÖvq 33 kZvsk, hv cÖK…Z cwigv‡Yi †P‡q 1.5 kZvsk †ewk| `vwi‡`ªï MfxiZvI GKBfv‡e AviI †ewk n‡e| cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq mvgvwRK wbivcËv myweavi cwigvY AcÖZzj nIqvq `wi`ª‡ì Dci cÖv°wjZ cÖfv‡ei Zzjbvq AwZ`wi`ª‡ì Dci `vwi`ª¨cÖfve wKQzUv Kg| `vwi`ª¨ Kgv‡Z mvgvwRK wbivcËv e¨q mnvqZv K‡i‡Q †m we‡ePbvq G djvdj ¯^w¯Í`vqK n‡jI Kg©m~wP‡Z eivÏK…Z A_© KZUzKz `¶fv‡e e¨wqZ n‡q‡Q Zv wb‡`©k K‡i bv| G welqwUi cwigvc wbwðZ Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ `ywU AwZwi³ wmgy‡jk‡bi djvdj mviwY 1.2 G †`Lv‡bv n‡jv| mviwY 1.2: mvgvwRK wbivcËv e¨‡qi `vwi`ª¨cÖfve `vwi`ª¨ nvi `vwi`ª¨ eëavb (gv_vMybwZ m~PK)

`vwi`ª¨ MfxiZv (`vwi`ª¨ e¨eavb/ `vwi`ª¨ nvi)

31.5 33

6.5 7.4

20.6 22.4

5.8

18.1

20.7

mvgvwRK wbivcËv myweav e¨ZxZ djvdj

17.6 19.1

3.1 4.1

17.6 21.5

mvgvwRK wbivcËv myweavmn djvdj (Pig `wi`ª‡`i jÿ¨ K‡i M„wnZ)

13.5

2.2

16.3

AbyK…wZ (wmgy‡jkb) D”P `vwi`ª¨‡iLvi wecix‡Z Lvbv Avq-e¨q Rwic 2010 Gi djvdj RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

mvgvwRK wbivcËv myweav e¨ZxZ djvdj

12 wRBwW

mvgvwRK wbivcËv myweavmn djvdj (Pig `wi`ª‡`i jÿ¨ K‡i M„wnZ) mvgvwRK wbivcËv myweavmn djvdj (`wi`ª‡`i jÿ¨ K‡i M„wnZ)

wbgœ `vwi`ª¨‡iLvi wecix‡Z Lvbv Avq-e¨q Rwic 2010 Gi djvdj

Drm: Lvbv Avq-e¨q Rwic 2010, evsjv‡`k cwimsL¨vb ey¨‡iv wbf©i AbyK…wZ (wmgy‡jkb)|

mviwY 1.2 Gi 3bs mvwi‡Z `vwi`ª¨cÖfve‡K Ggbfv‡e wmgy‡jU Kiv n‡q‡Q hv‡Z K‡i 2010 mv‡ji cÖwZ‡e`‡b DwjøwLZ mKj mvgvwRK wbivcËv e¨q hw` Pig `wi`ª‡ì‡K j¶¨ K‡i mwVKfv‡e cwiPvwjZ n‡Zv Zvi djvdj †`Lv hvq| G †¶‡Î gv_v MyYwZ m~PK Gi nªvm (D”P `vwi`ª¨‡iLvi Dci wfwË K‡i) A‡_© `vwi`ª¨cÖfve bMY¨ n‡jI Pig `vwi`ª¨ (wbgœ `vwi`ª¨‡iLvi Dci wfwË K‡i) D‡jøL‡hvM¨ nv‡i nªvm QvovI `vwi`ª¨MfxiZvi †¶‡ÎI D‡jøL‡hvM¨ nªvm n‡Zv| GB djvdj wb‡`©k K‡i †h wbe©vPb c×wZ mwVKfv‡e cwiPvwjZ n‡jI †hLv‡b Pig `wi`ª‡ì Kv‡Q gv_vwcQz m¤c` n¯ÍvšÍi A‡bK‡K Pig `vwi`ª¨ †_‡K †ei K‡i Avb‡Z cvi‡jI Zv‡ì‡K D”P `vwi`ª‡iLvi Dc‡i DwV‡q Avb‡Z A_© n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii cwigvY h‡_ó n‡Zv bv| mviwY 1.2 Gi 4 b¤î mvwi‡Z `wi`ª MÖæ‡ci (D”P `vwi`ª¨‡iLvi wfwË‡Z) †¶‡Î cwiPvwjZ mwVK wbe©vP‡bi djvdj †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| wbe©vPb cÖwµqv mwVK n‡j `vwi`ª¨nªv‡mi Dci cÖfve Av‡iv BwZevPK n‡Zv e‡j †`Lv hvq `vwi‡`ªï cÖ‡Kvc K‡g 29 kZvsk n‡Zv, hv wfwË msL¨vi †P‡q 2.5 kZvsk Kg (Lvbv Avq-e¨q Rwic 2010)| Gme wmgy‡jkb `wi`ª‡ì gv‡S mvgvwRK wbivcËv myweav eÈ‡b we`¨gvb eë¯’vi A`¶ZviB wb‡`©kK| GUv ¯^xK…Z †h, evsjv‡`‡ki g‡Zv Dbœqbkxj †`‡ki cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z wbLyuZfv‡e myweav‡fvMx wbe©vPb KivUv cy‡ivcywi ev¯Íem¤§Z bq| Z‡e `vwi`ª¨nvi nªv‡mi Kg©m¤cv`‡b `¶Zvi Afve ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Bw½Z enb K‡i †h Kg©m~wPMZ I cÖkvmwbK welqmg~n mgvav‡bi †Póv K‡i Ggb GKwU AwaKZi `¶ eë¯’v _vK‡j Zv Av‡iv fv‡jv dj †c‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e| wmgy‡jk‡bi djvdj Lvbv Avq-e¨q Rwic 2010 G AšÍf©z³ cÖK…Z mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni Dci wfwË K‡i cÖYxZ n‡q‡Q| mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPmgy‡ni DbœZZi bKkv-cwiKíbv I `¶ ev¯Íevqb `vwi`ª¨nªv‡mi Dci G‡ì Kvh©Kix cÖfve Av‡iv e„w× Ki‡e| Lvbv Avq-e¨q Rwic 2010 Gi djvdj eënvi K‡i eZ©gvb mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPmgy‡ni DcKvi‡fvMx‡ì `vwi`ª¨ cwiw¯’wZ Ae‡jvKb K‡i Av‡iv wKQz aviYv jvf Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| wPÎ 1.9 -G welqwU e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡jv| Lvbv Avq-e¨q Rwic 2010 Gi Z_¨ †_‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q †h 24.5 kZvsk cwievi Rwi‡c AšÍf©z³ 30wU Kg©m~wPi AšÍZc‡ÿ GKwU †_‡K n‡jI DcK…Z n‡q‡Q| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ cÖvq 34 kZvsk wQj `wi`ª Lvbvfz³ Ges 43 kZvsk wQj AwZ`wi`ª Lvbvfz³| GQvov cÖvq 32 kZvsk wQj SzuwKcÖeY MÖæcfz³ Ges 18 kZvsk wQj m”Qj Lvbvfz³| †gvU K_v, DcKvi‡fvMx‡ì eÈb `vwi`ª¨cwiw¯’wZ Abyhvqx µgea©gvb e‡j cÖZxqgvb nq| mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji `„wó‡KvY †_‡K GKwU cÖvmw½K cÖkœ n‡jv `wi`ª I `vwi`ª¨SzuwKcÖeY Rb‡Mvôxi KZRb mvgvwRK wbivcËv †eóbxi AvIZvq G‡m‡Q? GwU GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖkœ KviY GKwU `¶ mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv `vwi`ª¨ nªvm Kiv Ges `wi`ª I SzuwKMÖ¯Í †jvK‡ì‡K SzuwK †gvKv‡ejvq ev SzuwKi mv‡_ Lvc LvIqv‡Z mnvqZv Kiv| wPÎ 1.9 †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h, Pig `wi`ª‡ì cÖvq 57 kZvsk I `wi`ª‡ì 66 kZvsk mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi AvIZvi evB‡i i‡q‡Q| SzuwKcÖeY Rb‡Mvôx‡K AšÍf©z³ Ki‡Z hw` AvIZv I cwiwa evov‡bv nq Zv n‡j cwieviMywji Kg©m~wPi evB‡i _vKv ev Kg©m~wP †_‡K ev` c‡o hvevi nvi †e‡o 69 kZvs‡k `vov‡e| hLb GB djvdj‡K †ewkifvM e„nr Kg©m~wP KZ©…K cÖ`Ë wbgœ Mo myweavi mv‡_ mgwš^Z Kiv nq, ZLb mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kvh©µ‡gi mvg‡bi w`‡K GwM‡q hvIqvi P¨v‡jÄUv AviI eo n‡q `vuovq| wPÎ 1.9: DcKvi‡fvMx‡ì `vwi`ª¨ cwiw¯’wZ 2010 DcKvi‡fvMx‡ì `vwi`ª¨ cwiw¯’wZ % AwZ`wi`ª `wi`ª

34 31.5

bvRyK Rb‡Mvôx `wi`ª bq

18.3 25

‡gvU Lvbv 0

Drm: Lvbv Avq-e¨q Rwic 2010, evsjv‡`k cwimsL¨vb ey¨‡iv Gi Dci wfwË K‡i m¤úvw`Z AbyK…wZ|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

42.8

13 wRBwW

Av‡iKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© bxwZMZ cÖkœ n‡jv ¯’vb †f‡` Kg©m~wPmg~n KZUzKz we¯Í…wZ jvf K‡i‡Q? †`Lv †M‡Q, eZ©gvb mvgvwRK wbivcËv e¨e¯’v †ewkifvM †¶‡ÎB MÖvgxY `wi`ª‡`i‡K †K›`ª K‡i AvewZ©Z nq| Lvbv Avq-e¨q Rwic 2010 †_‡K †`Lv hvq, wewfbœ mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wP‡Z MÖvgxY `wi`ª Lvbvi AšÍf©zw³ 30.12 kZvsk Ges bMi `wi`ª Lvbvi AšÍf©zw³ 9.42 kZvsk| †`‡ki mKj wefv‡Mi †ejvqI MÖvg-kniwfwËK cv_©K¨ j¶ Kiv hvq| hv‡nvK, ¯’vwbK gvÎvq wbivcËv Kg©m~wPMywji GKwU BwZevPK w`K GB †h, XvKv, PÆMÖvg I wm‡jU wefv‡Mi Zzjbvq `wi`ªZi iscyi, ewikvj I Lyjbv A‡bK wefv‡M Kg©m~wPmg~n AwaKZi we¯Í…wZ jvf K‡i‡Q|

1.6 RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji mgm¨v I P¨v‡jÄmg~n RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi Dch©z³ we‡kølY †_‡K †`Lv hvq, cÖ¯ÍvweZ RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj cÖYq‡b A‡bK¸‡jv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq I P¨v‡jÄ we‡ePbv Kiv cÖ‡qvRb n‡e| wb‡gœ GMywj ms‡¶‡c Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv: • ¶zav I `vwi‡`ªï weiy‡× jovB‡q mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’v miKv‡ii GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© nvwZqvi| Z_¨-DcvË †_‡K †`Lv †M‡Q, ¶zavi weiy‡× jovB‡q GwU †hgb LyeB Kvh©Ki, †Zgwb GwU `vwi`ª¨ nªv‡mI mnvqZv K‡i| • Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni msL¨vwaK¨ (145wU), mnvqZvi cwigvY I DcKvi‡fvMxi msL¨v we‡ePbvq Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni †QvU AvKvi Ges Kg©m~wP cwiPvjbvi mv‡_ RwoZ gš¿Yvjq/wefv‡Mi msL¨v (23wU) GUvB wb‡`©k K‡i †h G ai‡bi enyavwef³ eë¯’v mvg‡bi w`‡K AMÖmi nIqvi †Kv‡bv Kvh©Ki Dcvq bq| kw³kvjx Z_ëë¯’vcbv c×wZi Dci wfwË K‡i Gme Kg©m~wP‡K ¯^ímsL¨K Kg©m~wP‡Z bvwg‡q G‡b Zv‡ì‡K mgwš^Z Dcv‡q ev¯Íevqb Kiv n‡j cÖkvmwbK e¨q I AcPq Ges `yb©xwZ nªvm Kivi gva¨‡g D‡jøL‡hvM¨ `¶Zv AR©b Kiv hv‡e| • RxebPµ c×wZi gva¨‡g Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni GKwU AwaKZi †KŠkjMZ ch©v‡jvPbv †_‡K †`Lv †M‡Q †h, hwÌ mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni 65 kZvsk RxebPµ m¤cwK©Z SzuwKmg~n †gvKv‡ejvq wb‡qvwRZ, G‡¶‡Î A‡bK ÎywU i‡q †M‡Q| Mf©Kvjxb I cÖvK-ˆkkeKvjxb Ges eva©K¨Kvjxb SzuwK †gvKv‡ejvq Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni AvIZvfz³ myweav‡fvMxi msL¨v †hgb Kg †Zgwb eiv‡Ïi cwigvYI (miKvwi Kg©Pvix‡ì Rb¨ †cbkb Kg©m~wP e¨ZxZ) Kg| GKBfv‡e cÖwZewÜZv m¤cwK©Z mgm¨v I RwUjZv †gvKv‡ejvq M„nxZ Kg©m~wPmg~nI AvKv‡i †QvU I msL¨vq Kg|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

• evsjv‡`k µgvš^‡q bZzb bZzb mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb n‡Z hv‡”Q †hgb †`‡k eq¯‹ Rb‡Mvôxi msL¨v †e‡o hvIqv, HwZn¨MZfv‡e Zv‡ì ZË¡veavb I cwiPh©v eë¯’v †f‡O cov (we‡klZ AwZ `wi`ª‡ì gv‡S), MÖvg †_‡K µgea©gvb nv‡i kn‡i Awfevmb Ges µgea©gvb bMivqb| mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’v‡K Gme P¨v‡jÄ †gvKv‡ejvi cvkvcvwk G¸wji mv‡_ Awf‡hvR‡b m¶g n‡Z n‡e|

14 wRBwW

• DcKvi‡fvMx‡ì AskMÖnY I A_©vq‡bi w`K w`‡q Lv`¨ wbivcËv I MÖvgxY Kg©ms¯’vb m¤cwK©Z Kg©m~wPi cÖvavb¨ j¶¨ Kiv hvq| MZ `k eQ‡i wRwWwc cÖe„w×i `ªæZ MwZi mv‡_ K…wl †¶‡Î Afvebxq mvdj¨mn ¶zav, Lv`¨vfve I Lv`¨`vwi`ª¨ e¨vcKfv‡e nªvm †c‡q‡Q| AviI j¶¨ Kiv †M‡Q †h, K…wl kÖgevRvi msKzwPZ n‡”Q (K…wli cÖK…Z gRywii µge„w×‡Z cwijw¶Z)| A_©‰bwZK KvVv‡gvwP‡Îi cwieZ©‡bi †cÖw¶‡Z `vwi‡`ªï ¯îƒc I SzuwK cwiw¯’wZiI cwieZ©b mvwaZ n‡”Q| Z‡e Aewkó `vwi`ª¨cÖeY AÂjmg~n †hgb PivÂj, nvIi GjvKv, DcK‚jxq GjvKv, cvnvox GjvKv BZ¨vwì Rb‡Mvôx †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK AMÖMwZi mydj mgfv‡e †fvM Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv| GKwesk kZvãx‡Z †`‡ki RbM‡Yi mvgvwRK wbivcËvi cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Y eZ©gvb mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni ch©vßZv ev h_v_©Zv ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| • mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPmg~n eûjvs‡k MÖvgxY `wi`ª‡ì SzuwK nªv‡mi Dci †Rvi cÖ`vb K‡i| evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ GKwU cwieZ©b cÖwµqvi ga¨ w`‡q µg AMÖmigvb| GKw`‡K wRwWwc I Kg©ms¯’v‡b MÖvgxY A_©bxwZi Ae`vb nªvm cv‡”Q, Ab¨w`‡K bMi GjvKvi ew¯Ímg~‡n `wi`ª I SzuwKcÖeb Rb‡Mvôxi Pvc †e‡o P‡j‡Q| Kg©m~wPi Gme cwieZ©bkxj A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK MwZaviv‡K †KŠkjMZfv‡e we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Ggb me Kg©m~wP MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e hv emev‡mi ¯’vb ev GjvKv wbwe©‡k‡l `wi`ª I SzuwKcÖeb Rb‡Mvôx †hme SzuwK‡Z i‡q‡Q †mMywjii Dci `„wó w`‡Z cv‡i| • GwU Ab¯^xKvh© †h, bMi I MÖvgxY `vwi‡`ªï êwkó¨ wfbœ wfbœ| bMi GjvKvqI ¯’vb‡f‡` bMi`vwi‡`ªï iƒc I aib wfbœ wfbœ n‡Z cv‡i †hgb e„nr bMi¸‡jv‡Z Zv GKiKg I †QvU kni¸‡jv‡Z AbïKg n‡Z cv‡i| MÖvgxY `wi`ª‡ì

msL¨vMwiô Ask †hLv‡b AbvbyôvwbK Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ †mLv‡b bMi `wi`ªiv µgea©gvb msL¨vq AvbyôvwbK Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ n‡”Q, hv kÖwgK‡ì myi¶vq kÖgevRvig~jK c`‡¶c Ges mvgvwRK wbivcËvq Zv‡ì m¤c„³KiY‡K mvg‡b wb‡q Av‡m| MÖvgxY `vwi`ª¨ mgvav‡b †hme cÖ_vMZ mydj‡fvMx wbe©vPb †KŠkj fv‡jvfv‡e KvR K‡i †mMywj bMi`wi`ª‡ì wfbœ ai‡bi SzuwKi mgvav‡b KvR bvI Ki‡Z cv‡i| bMi GjvKvq Avq`vwi`ª¨ A‡bK Kg n‡jI GLvbKvi `wi`ª‡ì Rb¨ bvbv weKvkgvb SzuwK i‡q‡Q †hgb mvgvwRK wbivcËvnxbZv, m¤cwËi †fvM`Lj AwaKvi, ¯^v¯’¨, m¨vwb‡Ukb, cywó BZ¨vw`| • `y‡h©vMcÖeb evsjv‡`‡k Rjevqy cwieZ©b bZzb `y‡h©vM wn‡m‡e Avwef©‚Z n‡q‡Q| `y‡h©vM SzuwK‡Z _vKv Rb‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q: DcK‚jxq Rb‡Mvôx, wb¤œvÂjxq nvIi GjvKvi Rb‡Mvôx, Ges SzuwKc~Y© cwi‡e‡k emevmKvix bvMwiKe„›`| • eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki kÖgevRv‡i AbvbyôvwbK kÖgkw³i cÖvavb¨ i‡q‡Q| 2021 mvj bvMv` evsjv‡`k ga¨ Av‡qi †`‡k DbœxZ n‡Z Pvq| B‡Zvg‡a¨ gv_vwcQz RvZxq Avq 1,314 gvwK©b Wjvi Qvwo‡q †M‡Q| †h‡nZz A_©bxwZi cwiwa I AvKvi evo‡Q, wRwWwc I Kg©ms¯’v‡b AvaywbK g¨vbyd¨vKPvwis I mymsMwVZ †mevLv‡Zi Ask evo‡Q, †m‡nZz bvUKxqfv‡e mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi cÖ‡qvRb I Pvwn`v cwiewZ©Z n‡e| ga¨g Av‡qi †`‡ki Rb¨ mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kvh©µg eZ©gv‡bi cÖPwjZ MÖvgxY Kg©ms¯’vb I Lv`¨ wbivcËv †Kw›`ªK Kg©KvÐmg~n †_‡K wfbœ n‡e| mvgvwRK wegv I Kg©ms¯’vb wewaweavb m¤cwK©Z welqmg~n AšÍf©z³ Kivi Rb¨ mvgvwRK wbivcËvi †KŠk‡ji cwiwa we¯Í…Z Ki‡Z n‡e| ˆZwi-†cvkvK Lv‡Z B‡Zvg‡a¨ G welqK Av‡jvPbv n‡”Q| • ev‡R‡Ui gva¨‡g A_©vq‡bi mxgve×Zvi †cÖw¶‡Z miKv‡ii mvgvwRK wbivcËvi µge„w× †ek cÖksmbxq| Z‡e `wi`ª I SzuwKMÖ¯Í‡ì mxwgZ AšÍf©zw³ wb‡`©k K‡i †h A_© eënv‡i `¶Zvi Dbœqb NUv‡jI ga¨g Av‡qi GKwU †`‡ki mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi Rb¨ eZ©gvb eivÏ ch©vß bq| GKwU myMwVZ I mymsnZ mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji A_©vqb msµvšÍ Pvwn`vi wbiƒcY Ges A_©vq‡bi m¤¢ve¨ Drm wPwýZ Kiv AvR RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj‡K m¤§y‡L GwM‡q †bqvi †¶‡Î GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© P¨v‡jÄ n‡q †`Lv †`‡e|

• eZ©gvb mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi GKwU eo mxgve×Zv n‡”Q Kg©m~wP cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vqb eë¯’vi Afve| RvZxq ch©v‡q ev gš¿YvjqwfwËK mswkøó Kg©m¤cv`b `¶Zv ch©v‡jvPbv Kivi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv AvbyôvwbK eë¯’v †bB| Aek¨ `vZv‡ì mnvqZvq m¤cvw`Z Kg©m~wPi cÖfve wbY©q Kivi Rb¨ cwiPvwjZ wKQz mgx¶v †_‡K wbqwgZ cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vq‡bi Dc‡i ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb Kiv n‡”Q | djvdjwfwËK cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vq‡bi AfveB g~jZ weivU msL¨K Kg©m~wPi D™¢‡ei †cQ‡b GKwU Ab¨Zg KviY wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i‡Q| mywbw`©ó msL¨vMZ j¶¨gvÎv I wfwË‡iLvi wecix‡Z djvdjwfwËK cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vqb mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi DrKl© mva‡bi †ÿ‡ÎI G‡K kw³kvjxKi‡Y ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i|

1.7 m¤§y‡L GwM‡q hvIqvi Dcvq mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’v ms¯‹v‡ii MyiæZ¡ e¨vcK| Z‡e †mŠfv‡Mï K_v GB †h e¨vcKwfwËK I mgwš^Z RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z miKvi mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi †KŠkj wel‡q bZzb K‡i wPšÍvfvebv Ki‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki we`¨gvb mvgvwRK wbivcËvg~jK Kg©m~wPmg~n †_‡K AwR©Z wk¶v Ges AbymiYxq wewfbœ AvšÍR©vwZK mvgvwRK wbivcËvg~jK Kg©Kv‡Ði ch©v‡jvPbv †_‡K AwR©Z Áv‡bi wfwË‡Z bZzb RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji G‡RÛv wba©vwiZ n‡e|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

• wmgy‡jkb-Gi djvdj †_‡K †`Lv hvq, `vwi`ª¨-cÖfve wbim‡b eZ©gvb mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi `¶Zv I Kvh©KvwiZv Dbœq‡bi h‡_ó my‡hvM i‡q‡Q| B‡Zvc~‡e© DwjøwLZ Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni msnwZi mnRxKiY QvovI Kg©m~wPi bKkv I DcKvi‡fvMx wbe©vP‡bi Rb¨, `wi`ª I SzuwKMÖ¯Í‡ì AskMÖnY evov‡Z I †mB mv‡_ m”Qj‡ì‡K ev` w`‡Z GKwU mywPwšÍZ c×wZi eë¯’v Kiv bZzb RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi Rb¨ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© GKwU P¨v‡jÄ e‡j cwiMwYZ n‡e| GQvov Ab¨ GKwU P¨v‡jÄ n‡jv mgv‡Ri Ae‡nwjZ I myweavewÂZ cÖvwšÍK Rb‡Mvôx, †hgb `y¯’ gwnjv (weaev I ZvjvKcÖvßvmn), cÖwZewÜZvi wkKvi Rb‡Mvôx Ges D”P SzuwK‡Z emevmKvix †Mvôxmg~n, †hgb GBPAvBwf/GBW&m AvµvšÍ, `wjZ m¤cÖ`vq, M„nnxb, ev¯ÍyPz¨Z I c_wkky, G‡ì cÖwZ h_vh_ `„wó †`qv|

15 wRBwW

evsjv‡`‡ki `vwi`ª¨ cwiw¯’wZ ch©v‡jvPbvi cvkvcvwk `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôx cÖwZwbqZ †hme AwbðqZv I SzuwK‡Z _v‡K RxebPµ KvVv‡gvi †cÖwÿ‡Z †mMywjI wØZxq Aa¨v‡q ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gici we`¨gvb mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi ch©vßZv wel‡q aviYv †c‡Z `vwi`ª¨-wP‡Îi wecix‡Z Pjgvb Kg©m~wPmg~n‡K wPÎvwqZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| GQvov `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôx KZ©…K m¤§yLxb nIqv SzuwKmg~n Kxfv‡e gvSvwi †_‡K `xN©‡gqv‡` cwiewZ©Z n‡e †m welqwU e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki cwieZ©bkxj RbmsL¨v KvVv‡gvi Dci Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| hwÌ RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj evsjv‡`‡ki mvgvwRK I ivR‰bwZK cwi‡e‡ki mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y© nIqv cÖ‡qvRb, DËg AvšÍR©vwZK eë¯’v †_‡K wk¶v wb‡qI evsjv‡`k wecyjfv‡e DcK…Z n‡Z cv‡i| evsjv‡`‡ki b¨vq Ab¨vb¨ †`kI GKB ai‡bi mgm¨v I P¨v‡j‡Äi m¤§yLxb n‡q _v‡K| Gme DËg D`vniY wPwýZ K‡i †mMywj‡K evsjv‡`‡k ev¯ÍeZvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z Kiv †M‡j Zv A‡bK dj`vqK n‡Z cv‡i| †mg‡Z, Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’v m¤cwK©Z AbymiYxq PP©v wel‡q AvšÍR©vwZK AwfÁZvi GKwU ch©v‡jvPbv Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avi G‡¶‡Î DbœZ I Dbœqbkxj †`kMywji D`vniY AšÍf©z³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ mvgvwRK wbivcËvi GKwU †KŠkj ˆZwii wbwgË cÖ_g †_‡K Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡qi Av‡jvPbv I we‡køl‡Yi Dci wfwË K‡i PZz_© Aa¨vq iwPZ n‡q‡Q| †KŠkjwU Zvr¶wYK I Riywi P¨v‡jÄmg~‡ni Dci `„wócvZ K‡i‡Q Ges `xN©‡gqvw` Afxó jÿ¨mg~n wPwýZ K‡i‡Q| ¯^í‡gqvw` jÿ¨ n‡jv m¤c‡ì AwaKZi `¶ I Kvh©Ki eënvi wbwðZ Kiv, Kg©m~wPmg~n e¨vcKfv‡e msnZ Kiv Ges †mevcÖ`vb eë¯’v kw³kvjx Kivi gva¨‡g GKwU AwaKZi AšÍf©zw³g~jK mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi w`‡K AMÖmi nIqv hv cÖPwjZ eë¯’vi ms¯‹vic~e©K me©vwaK SzuwKMÖ¯Í m`m¨‡ì‡K AMÖvwaKvi cÖ`vb K‡i RxebPµ m¤cwK©Z SzuwKmg~n Kvh©Kifv‡e †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z cvi‡e| Ab¨w`‡K, †h‡nZz evsjv‡`k ga¨g Av‡qi †`‡ki w`‡K G‡Mv‡”Q †m‡nZz `xN©‡gqvw` j‡ÿ¨ evsjv‡`‡ki cwieZ©bkxj Av_©mvgvwRK MwZaviv‡K A½xf‚Z Kiv n‡q‡Q| G `xN©‡gqvw` Kg©mgwói j¶¨ n‡jv evsjv‡`‡ki mKj bvMwi‡Ki Rb¨ Ggb GKwU AšÍf©zw³g~jK mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’v M‡o †Zvjv hv `vwi`ª¨ I µgea©gvb AmgZv †gvKv‡ejv I cÖwZ‡iv‡a miKv‡ii cÖ‡Póv‡K mnvqZvKi‡Y Kvh©Ki Ges e¨vcKZi gvbe Dbœqb, Kg©ms¯’vb I A_©‰bwZK cÖe„w× AR©‡b Ae`vb ivL‡e| GKwU myôz †KŠkj Aek¨B A_©vqb‡hvM¨ n‡Z n‡e| m¤cÖmvwiZ I mgwš^Z mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vq miKvwi m¤c` QvovI †emiKvwi Znwej ms¯’v‡bi cÖ‡qvRb n‡e| cÂg Aa¨v‡q †KŠk‡ji A_©vq‡bi Dci Av‡jvKcvZ Kivi cvkvcvwk †KŠkjwUi A_©vq‡b miKvwi I †emiKvwi Lv‡Zi f‚wgKv Kx n‡e Zv wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| GKwU DËg †KŠk‡ji Rb¨ ïay A_©vq‡bi eë¯’v _vK‡jB n‡e bv eis †mwU‡K DËgfv‡e ev¯Íevqb‡hvM¨ n‡Z n‡e| RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj ev¯Íevq‡bi wewfbœ w`K wb‡q lô Aa¨v‡q Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| G Aa¨v‡q we`¨gvb ev¯Íevqbeë¯’v ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv QvovI ev¯Íevq‡bi †¶‡Î †hme mywbw`©ó NvUwZ I mgm¨v i‡q‡Q †mMywjI wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| G Aa¨v‡q cÖ¯ÍvweZ †KŠk‡ji h_vh_ ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ wKQz c_wb‡`©kK bxwZgvjv Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji mwVK ev¯Íevqb wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ djvdjwfwËK cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vqb LyeB mnvqK n‡e| KZUzKz Kvh©Kifv‡e Kg©m~wPmg~n ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡”Q Ges GMywj cÖZ¨vwkZ djvdj AR©b Ki‡Z cvi‡Q wKbv †m wel‡q MyiyZ¡c~Y© Z_¨-DcvË cÖ`v‡bi e¨e¯’v K‡i cwiexeÿY I g~j¨vqb RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡j AšÍf©z³ wewfbœ Kg©m~wPi cwigvR©b I ms‡kva‡b mnvqZv Ki‡Z cv‡i| mßg Aa¨v‡q A_©vr †kl Aa¨v‡q RvZxq ch©v‡qi I Kg©m~wP ch©v‡qi Kg©KvÐmg~‡ni Rb¨ DËg djvdjwfwËK cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vqb e¨e¯’vi Dcv`vbmg~n eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

16 wRBwW

Aa¨vq 2

`vwi`ª¨ cwiw¯’wZ, SyuwK Ges we`¨gvb mvgvwRK wbivcËvg~jK D‡`¨vMmg~‡ni h_v_©Zv

Aa¨vq 2

`vwi`ª¨ cwiw¯’wZ, SyuwK Ges we`¨gvb mvgvwRK wbivcËvg~jK D‡`¨vMmg~‡ni h_v_©Zv

2.1 f~wgKv mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’v cÖPj‡bi D‡Ïk¨ †Kej `vwi`ª¨ †gvKv‡ejvB bq, †hme SzuwK, AwfNvZ I msK‡Ui Kvi‡Y cwievimg~n mn‡RB `vwi‡`ªï wkKvi n‡Z cv‡i ev Av‡iv MfxiZi `vwi‡`ª¨ cwZZ n‡Z cv‡i †mMywj †_‡K Zv‡ì‡K myi¶v †`qvI Gi AvIZvq c‡o| †hgb Amy¯’Zv A_ev cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM ev A_©‡bwZK g›`vRwbZ †hŠ_ AwfNv‡Zi (†Kv‡fwi‡qU kKm&) g‡Zv wKQz msKU Av‡Q †hMywj †h‡Kv‡bv mgq AvNvZ nvb‡Z cv‡i| GQvovI i‡q‡Q †mBme SzuwK hv GKRb e¨w³ Zvi RxebP‡Kªi wewfbœ ch©v‡q (Rb¥ †_‡K g„Zz¨ ch©šÍ) †gvKv‡ejv K‡i _v‡K| RxebP‡µi wewfbœ chv©‡q gvbyl †hme SuywK I P¨v‡j‡Äi m¤§yLxb nq †mMywj †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z †ewkifvM †`‡kB mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’v µgvš^‡q ev av‡c av‡c M‡o D‡V‡Q| e¯ÍyZ, GKwU †`‡ki mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi g~javivq _v‡K RbwgwZK wefvRb Abyhvqx M‡o IVv wfbœ wfbœ myi¶v ev mnvqZv Kvh©µg| Aek¨ AwaKvsk †`‡kiB †hŠ_ SzuwK (†Kv‡fwi‡qU wi¯‹) †gvKv‡ejvq RbMY‡K evowZ mnvqZv cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ †QvU cwim‡ii we‡kl mvgvwRK wbivcËv †eóbx i‡q‡Q| G Aa¨v‡qi cÖ_g As‡k RxebPµwfwËK KvVv‡gvi mv‡_ RwoZ `vwi`ª¨ cwiw¯’wZ I SzuwK wel‡q wek` Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| AZtci mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi we`¨gvb KvVv‡gv we‡køl‡Yi cvkvcvwk cwieZ©bkxj Av_©-mvgvwRK cwi‡ek I RbwgwZi †cÖw¶‡Z mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi h_v_©Zv I ch©vßZv we‡kølY Kiv n‡q‡Q| 4 2.2 RxebPµ KvVv‡gvi Av‡jv‡K evsjv‡`‡ki `vwi`ª¨ cwiw¯’wZ RxebPµ KvVv‡gvi Av‡jv‡K evsjv‡`‡ki `vwi`ª¨ cwiw¯’wZ wb‡gœ Av‡jvwPZ n‡jv: 2.2.1 Mf©aviY Ges ˆkkeKvj wPÎ 2.1 †_‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, 2010 mv‡ji wnmve Abyhvqx †hme cwiev‡i 0-4 eQi eqmx wkky mšÍvb i‡q‡Q †mme cwiev‡i `vwi‡`ªï nvi RvZxq `vwi`ª¨ nv‡ii †P‡q A‡bK †ewk (41.7 kZvsk)| G †_‡K †evSv hvq, we‡kl K‡i gv‡qiv †Kv‡bv DcvR©bkxj Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ _vK‡Z m¶g bv n‡j cwiev‡i Kg eqmx mšÍvb _vK‡j Zv AwZwi³ e¨q I P¨v‡j‡Äi KviY n‡q `vuovq| e¯ÍyZ, A‡bK bvix‡KB (e¯¿wk‡í wb‡qvwRZ bvixivmn) mšÍvb Rb¥ †`qvi ci KvR †Q‡o w`‡Z nq| hLb cÖvq `wi`¨ cwieviMywj‡K GB wnmv‡ei †fZ‡i AšÍf©z³ Kiv nq ZLb 0-4 eQi eqmx wkky mšÍvbwewkó cÖvq 57 kZvsk cwievi‡K nq `wi`ª A_ev `vwi‡`ªï SzuwK‡Z cwZZ cwievi wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv hvq|2 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

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RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

`vwi`ª¨ nvi (%)

wPÎ 2.1: wewfbœ eqmx †Q‡j‡g‡q wewkó cwiev‡i `vwi`ª¨ nvi, 2010

17 wRBwW

ˆkk‡e wkkyiv AcywóRwbZ Kvi‡Y †hme SzuwKi m¤§yLxb nq †mMywji g‡a¨ cÖavbZg n‡jv eq‡mi Zzjbvq D”PZv I IRb Kg nIqv| Acywó wkkyi eyw×e„wËK weKvk e¨vnZ K‡i, hvi cÖfve nq Rxebe¨vwc| wPÎ 2.2 G 2004 I 2014 mv‡ji g‡a¨ Kg D”PZvm¤úbœ ev Le©Kvq I Kg IR‡bi wkky‡`i nvi nªvm-e„w×i cÖeYZv †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| wPÎ †_‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q, Le©Kvq wkkyi nvi 2014 mv‡j K‡g 36 kZvsk n‡q‡Q, hv 1990 mv‡j wQj 68 kZvsk| wkkyi Le©Kvq nevi nvi Kg‡jI G‡¶‡Î GLbI A‡bK P¨v‡jÄ i‡q †M‡Q; we‡kl K‡i MÖvgvÂ‡j †hLv‡b Le©vK…wZ wkkyi nvi (38 kZvsk) kni GjvKvi (31 kZvsk) Zzjbvq D‡jøL‡hvM¨fv‡e †ewk| wPÎ 2.2: evsjv‡`‡k Acywó n«v‡mi cÖeYZv (2004-14) 2004 wewWGBPGm

wkïi kZKvi nvi

50 40

2007 wewWGBPGm

2011 wewWGBPGm

2014 wewWGBPGm

51 43

41 36

20 15

10 0

iæ×weKvk

D”PZv Abycv‡Z Kg IRb

eqm Abycv‡Z Kg IRb

Drm: evsjv‡`k RbwgwZK I ¯^v¯’¨ Rwic (wewWGBPGm), 2014, wb‡cvU©, ¯^v¯’¨ I cwievi Kj¨vY gš¿Yvjq

wkkyi Le©Kvq nIqvi KviY bvbvwea I RwUj ai‡bi| Z‡e `vwi`ª¨ nªvm I AwaKZi cywó †hvMv‡bi g‡a¨ †Rviv‡jv AvšÍtm¤úK© i‡q‡Q; D”PZi Avq Acywó nªv‡m mnvqZv K‡i| `wi`ª cwieviMywj‡ZB Le©vK…wZ wkky R‡b¥i nvi †ewk n‡q _v‡K| Avq¯^íZv cywói Dci †bwZevPK cÖfve †d‡j KviY Zv Lv`¨‰ewPÎ Kwg‡q w`‡q G‡K kyay fvZ wbf©i K‡i †d‡j| Avqe„w× I `vwi`ª¨nªv‡mi mv‡_ mv‡_ †`‡k wkky I Kg eqmx †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i DbœZ cywóMyY m¤cbœ Lv`¨ †hvMv‡b AMÖMwZi aviv Ae¨vnZ _vK‡e| 2.2.2 we`¨vjq MgbKvj

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

wkky‡ì eqm e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ †h eo P¨v‡j‡Äi m¤§yLxb n‡Z nq Zv n‡jv ¯‹z‡j fwZ© nIqv| mv¤cÖwZK eQiMywj‡Z we`¨vj‡q wk¶v_©x fwZ©i nvi †e‡o‡Q| D`vniY¯î~c, 2005 mv‡j 6-10 eQi eqmx `wi`ª wk¶v_©x fwZ©i nvi wQj 72 kZvsk hv 2010 mv‡j †e‡o 78 kZvsk n‡q‡Q Ges 11-15 eQi eqmx‡ì †¶‡Î G nvi 54 kZvsk †_‡K †e‡o 70 kZvsk n‡q‡Q| GB Dfq eqm-MÖæ‡c †Q‡j wk¶v_©xi †P‡q †g‡q wk¶v_©xi fwZ©i nvi †ewk| fwZ©i nvi e„w× cvIqv GKwU Drmvne¨ÄK cÖeYZv| Z‡e, we‡kl K‡i cÖv_wgK I gva¨wgK ¯Í‡i we`¨vj‡q Mg‡bi †ÿ‡Î GLbI AviI A‡bK wKQz Kivi evwK Av‡Q|

18 wRBwW

†Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì ¯‹zj-eë¯’vi evB‡i †_‡K hvIqvi bvbvwea KviY i‡q‡Q| GMywji g‡a¨ `vwi`ª¨ wbtm‡›`‡n GKwU cÖavb KviY| D”PZi eqm †kÖwYfz³ †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì g‡a¨ `vwi`ª¨nvi Kg n‡q _v‡K Ges Zvi KviY n‡jv G‡ì g‡a¨ wkky kÖwg‡Ki msL¨v †e‡o hvIqv| 5-17 eQi eqmx‡ì cÖvq 17.5 kZvsk wkky kÖwgK| Z‡e, †Q‡j wkky‡ì †¶‡Î GB nvi 24 kZvsk Ges †g‡q‡ì †¶‡Î 10 kZvsk| eq¯‹ †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì g‡a¨ G nvi AviI †ewk n‡q _v‡K| wkky kÖwgK‡ì †ewkifvMB `wi`ª cwievi †_‡K Av‡m| beŸB `k‡Ki gvSvgvwS †_‡K †g‡q‡ì g‡a¨ wkky kÖwg‡Ki msL¨v e¨vcKfv‡e nªvm cvq Avi Zv n‡q‡Q †g‡q‡ì Rb¨ gva¨wgK ch©v‡q Dce„wË Kg©m~wP cÖeZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y| G †_‡K †evSv hvq †h, wkkykÖg I evj¨ weev‡ni cÖavb KviY `vwi`ª¨| wKQz wK‡kvix †g‡qi Dci Zv‡ì †QvU fvB‡evb‡ì †`Lv‡kvbvi `vwqZ¡ G‡m c‡o weavq Zv‡ì we`¨vjq Z¨vM Ki‡Z nq Ges †jLvcov †Q‡o w`‡Z nq| wkky cwiPh©vi Afve GUvB wb‡`©k K‡i †h hw` bvixiv mšÍvb Rb¥ †`qvi ci Kv‡R wd‡i Avm‡Z Pvq Zvn‡j Zv‡ì‡K mšÍv‡bi †`Lv‡kvbv Kivi Rb¨ Ab¨ KvD‡K Lyu‡R wb‡Z n‡e|

2.2.3 ZiæY Rb‡Mvôx wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix I ZiæY‡ì‡K †h cÖavb P¨v‡j‡Äi m¤§yLxb n‡Z nq Zv n‡jv Zv‡ì `¶Zvi Afve| Zv‡ì A‡b‡KB gva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii wk¶v mgvß Ki‡Z cv‡i bv Ges Zv cwic~i‡Yi Rb¨ ch©vß KvwiMwi cÖwk¶‡YiI eë¯’v †bB| AviI mywbw`©ó K‡i ej‡j, GKw`‡K †hgb eywbqvw` wk¶v m¤c~Y© Kivi Rb¨ mgZzj¨ †KvbI AbvbyôvwbK wk¶v Kg©m~wP‡Z cÖ‡e‡ki my‡hvM †bB; Ab¨w`‡K `¶Zv Dbœqbg~jK Ges DËiYmnvqK †Kvb Kg©m~wPiI cÖPjb †bB| e¯ÍyZ, eëmvqx m¤cÖ`vq †_‡K cÖvqkB G Awf‡hvM Kiv nq †h `¶ kÖwg‡Ki AcÖZzjZv GKwU eo cÖwZeÜK Ges GKB Kvi‡Y ˆZwi-†cvkvK KviLvbvMywj‡K XvKvi evB‡i ¯’vcb Kiv m¤¢e nqbv| Ae¨k¨ KvwiMwi cÖwk¶‡Yi eë¯’v KivB GKgvÎ mgvavb bq| `xN©‡gqv‡` GwU wbwðZ Kiv MyiæZ¡¡c~Y© †h kªg evRv‡ii Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx n‡q M‡o DV‡Z Aí eqmx †Q‡j‡g‡q Ges wK‡kvi-wK‡kvixiv gva¨wgK wk¶v jv‡fi ch©vß my‡hvM cvq| `wi`ª cwiev‡ii AwaKvsk Ziæ‡Yi †ÿ‡Î ev¯ÍeZv n‡jv †h Zviv MÖvgxY †eKvi‡Z¡i †Niv‡Uv‡c AvU‡K _v‡Kb| hw` wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix I Ziæ‡Yiv cÖ‡qvRbxq `¶Zv AR©b bv K‡i Zvn‡j µgea©gvb kÖgkw³ I wbfi©Zvi wbgœ AbycvZRvZ RbwgwZK jf¨vs‡ki myweav‡K c‡ivcywifv‡e Kv‡R jvMv‡Z bv cvivi AvksKv i‡q hvq| 2.2.4 Kg©ÿg eq‡mi Rb‡Mvôx †`‡ki ZiæY Rb‡Mvôx †h †eKvi‡Z¡i m¤§yLxb Zv Kg©ÿg eqmx Rb‡Mvôxi g‡aÏ cwijw¶Z nq| kÖgkw³ Rwic 2010 †_‡K †`Lv †M‡Q, †hLv‡b Db¥y³ †eKvi‡Z¡i nvi 4.1 kZvsk, †mLv‡b K‡g© wb‡qvwRZ‡ì cÖvq 9 kZvsk mßv‡n 20 N›Uvi Kg KvR K‡i| evsjv‡`‡ki eo cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK myweav n‡jv Gi weivU kÖgkw³, hwÌ G kÖgkw³‡K cy‡ivcywifv‡e Kv‡R jvMv‡bv hv‡”Q bv| K‡g©vc‡hvMx eq‡mi Rb‡Mvôx wewea P¨v‡j‡Äi m¤§yLxb nq| A‡b‡K gvivZœK mvgvwRK I A_©‰bwZK msK‡U fz‡M _v‡Kb hv †_‡K DËiY AZ¨šÍ KwVb| GMywji g‡a¨ AšÍf©z³ i‡q‡Q we‡kl we‡kl GjvKvq, we‡klZ †`‡ki cwðgvÂj I Pi GjvKvq, m¤c` ev evRvi NvUwZRwbZ Rwg ev Avevmb m¼U| wk¶vi wbgœgvb I wbgœ mv¶iZvi nvi Zv‡ì msKU‡K AviI evwo‡q †`q| A‡b‡K (cÖK…Zc‡¶ kÖgkw³i GK-Z…Zxqvsk) Ab‡b¨vcvq n‡q ¯^í cvwikÖwg‡K w`bgRywii Kv‡R (cÖavbZ K…wl Lv‡Z) wb‡qvwRZ nq Ges Pig `vwi‡`ª¨ w`bvwZcvZ K‡i| mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’v †_‡K mnvqZv cvIqv Qvov Gme cwievi esk ci¤civq cÖevwnZ `vwi‡`ªï GB `yóPµ fvO‡Z m¶g n‡e bv|

GKwU Ach©vß mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vq GKwU cwievi‡K wkky‡ì cvkvcvwk eq¯‹ Rb‡Mvôx Ges kvixwiKfv‡e A¶g e¨w³‡ì †`Lv‡kvbvI Ki‡Z nq| Kg©Rxex cwieviMywji Dci GwU GK ai‡bi AbvbyôvwbK Ki, hv Drcv`bg~jK Kg©Kv‡Ð wewb‡qv‡Mi d‡j Zv‡ì mvg_¨©‡K mxwgZ K‡i †`q| wb‡Ri †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì‡K †h A_©‰bwZK mnvqZv Zviv w`‡Z cvi‡Zb Zv Kwg‡q w`‡Z †`q| Ab¨vb¨ Dbœqbkxj †`‡k e„× eq‡m AemifvZv I cÖwZeÜx fvZv hyw³m½Z nv‡i cÖ`vb Kiv nq, hv wkkymšÍvb wewkó cwieviMywji Pvwn`v †gUv‡bv QvovI Kg©Rxex cwieviMywj‡K D‡jøL‡hvM¨ mnvqZv cÖ`vb K‡i| cwiev‡ii DcvR©bKvix e¨w³ hw` †Kv‡bv MyiæZ¡i †ivMe¨vwa‡Z AvµvšÍ nq Zvn‡j cwiev‡ii Av_©-mvgwRK Ae¯’vb bx‡P †b‡g †h‡Z cv‡i| cwieviMywj mvaviYfv‡e me‡P‡q †ewk †h mgm¨vwUi m¤§yLxb nq Zv n‡jv ¯^v¯’¨MZ SzuwK| wewfbœ M‡elYvq †`Lv †M‡Q, 90 kZvsk cwievi `ye©j ¯^v¯’¨‡K A_©‰bwZK msKU I mgm¨vi cÖavb KviY wn‡m‡e wPwýZ K‡i‡Q| Zv‡ì‡K wPwKrmv Li‡Pi cÖvq `yB-Z…Zxqvsk wb‡R‡ì DcvR©b †_‡K wbe©vn Ki‡Z nq|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

†RÛvi êl‡gï Kvi‡Y Kg©Rxex bvixiv bvbv ai‡bi cÖwZeÜKZvi m¤§yLxb nq| kÖgkw³‡Z bvixi AskMÖnY cyiæl‡ì †P‡q Kg (36 ebvg 83 kZvsk)| bvix‡ì cÖwZ mgv‡Ri cÖPwjZ `„wófw½ I cwiev‡i Zv‡ì `ye©j Ae¯’vb (ì KlvKwl ¶gZv wePv‡i) Gi Rb¨ `vqx| bvix Kg©x‡ì gRywiI Kg| GKB Kv‡Ri Rb¨ bvixiv cyiæl‡ì †P‡q 60 kZvsk Kg gRywiI †c‡q _v‡K| Gme KviY QvovI mšÍvb jvjb-cvj‡bi `vwq‡Z¡ wb‡qvwRZ nevi Kvi‡Y kÖgkw³‡Z wK‡kvix †g‡q‡ì cÖ‡ek I wU‡K _vKv KwVb n‡q c‡o, hv Aíeqmx mšÍvbwewkó cwiev‡ii †ÿ‡Î weivRgvb `vwi‡`ªï D”P ¯Íi‡K e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| hwÌ bvixiv †cvkvK wk‡í D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Kg©ms¯’vb cv‡”Q, Zv‡ì A‡bK‡KB mšÍvb R‡b¥i ci PvKzwi †Q‡o w`‡Z nq|

19 wRBwW

2.2.5 cÖwZewÜZv cÖwZewÜZv Rxe‡bi †h‡Kv‡bv ¯Í‡iB n‡Z cv‡i| †`‡ki †gvU RbmsL¨vi cÖvq 8.9 kZvsk (8 kZvsk cyiyl I 9.3 kZvsk bvix) cÖwZeÜx A_©vr Zviv †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bv ai‡bi cÖwZewÜZvi wkKvi| Z‡e gvivZœK cÖwZewÜZvi nvi gvÎ 1.5 kZvsk|5 wPÎ 2.3 †_‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q, RxebP‡µi wewfbœ ¯Í‡i cÖwZewÜZvi cÖ‡Kvc wfbœ wfbœ n‡q _v‡K| cÂv‡ki KvQvKvwQ eq‡m cÖwZewÜZv D‡jøL‡hvM¨fv‡e e„w× cvq| eq¯‹‡ì g‡a¨B cÖwZewÜZvi nvi me‡P‡q †ewk| Avevi cyiæl‡ì †P‡q bvix‡ì g‡a¨ cÖwZewÜZvi nvi †ewk n‡q _v‡K| †`‡ki D‡jøL‡hvM¨ msL¨K cwiev‡i (31 kZvsk) AšÍZ GKRb cÖwZeÜx e¨w³ i‡q‡Q Ges 6.3 kZvsk cwiev‡i †KD bv †KD Av‡Q †h gvivZ¥K cÖwZeÜx|

kZKiv

wPÎ 2.3: eqm MÖæc wfwË‡Z evsjv‡`‡k cÖwZewÜZvi nvi (2010) 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

`…wókw³ kªeYkw³ nuvUvi ¶gZv gvbwmK weKvk ¯^-cªhZœ evKkw³ 5-9

10-14

15-24

25-34

35-44

45-54

55-64

65+

eqm wefvRb

‡h ‡KvbI ai‡bi cªwZewÜZv

Drm: Lvbv Avq-e¨q Rwic 2010, weweGm|

wPÎ 2.4 -G eqm MÖæc †f‡` cÖwZewÜZvi wkKvi e¨w³‡ì wewfbœ aib †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| †`Lv †M‡Q, 40 †_‡K 65 eQi eqmx‡ì g‡a¨ cÖwZewÜZvi wkKvi e¨w³i msL¨v m‡e©v”P; A_P G eq‡m Zv‡ì kÖgevRv‡i mwµqfv‡e m¤c„³ _vKvi K_v| e¯ÍyZ, 20-25 eqm MÖæc †_‡K 50-54 eqm MÖæ‡c cÖwZeÜx gvby‡li msL¨v 300 kZvsk e„w× cvq; gwnjv‡ì g‡a¨ G nvi cyiæ‡li †P‡q †ewk| gvivZ¥K cÖwZeÜxi msL¨v me‡P‡q †ewk 60 †_‡K 75 eQi eqmx‡ì g‡a¨| wPÎ 2.4: cÖwZ eqmMÖæ‡c cÖwZeÜx e¨w³i msL¨v gvivZ¥K cªwZeÜx 250000

RbmsL¨v

200000 150000

cyiæl

100000

bvix

50000

mKj

15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-49 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 84+

0 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-49 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 84+

RbmsL¨v

mKj cªwZeÜx 1600000 1400000 1200000 1000000 800000 600000 400000 200000 0

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

Drm: Lvbv Avq-e¨q Rwic 2010, weweGm|

20 wRBwW

cÖwZeÜx i‡q‡Q Ggb Lvbvq `vwi`ª¨ nvi RvZxq ch©v‡qi `vwi`ª¨ nv‡ii mgvb A_©vr 31.5 kZvsk, Z‡e gvivZ¥K cÖwZeÜx i‡q‡Q Ggb cwiev‡i `vwi`ª¨ nvi Av‡iv †ewk, 34.7%, hv wb‡`©k K‡i †h cÖwZewÜZv cwievimg~‡ni Dci evowZ †evSv Pvwc‡q †`q| AwaKšÍ,y gvivZ¥K cÖwZeÜx‡`i g‡a¨ wewfbœ eqm MÖæ‡c `vwi`ª¨ nvi wfbœ n‡q _v‡K (wPÎ 2.5)| †`Lv †M‡Q †h, cwiev‡ii †Kv‡bv Kg©ÿg m`m¨ A¶g n‡j ev cÖwZewÜZvi wkKvi n‡j cwiev‡ii Dci D‡jøL‡hvM¨ gvÎvq Zvi cÖfve c‡o| e¯ÍyZ, GB ai‡bi cwiev‡ii †¶‡Î `vwi‡`ª¨i nvi cÖvq 40 kZvsk|

wPÎ 2.5: cÖwZewÜZvi wkKvi Ggb cwiev‡i `vwi‡`ª¨i nvi, eqm MÖæc †f‡` gvivZ¥K cªwZeÜx

mKj cªwZeÜx

70 (+) 60 (+) 50-70 18-50

`vwi`ª¨ nvi (kZKiv)

Drm: Lvbv Avq-e¨q Rwic 2010, weweGm|

Kg©¶g eq‡m cÖwZeÜx n‡q co‡j Zv cwiev‡ii Rb¨ gvivZ¥K cwiYwZ e‡q Av‡b| M‡elYvq †`Lv †M‡Q, cÖwZewÜZvi wkKvi n‡q‡Q Ggb †jvK‡ì 87 kZvsk A¶g n‡q covi GK eQ‡ii g‡a¨ PvKwiPz¨Z n‡q‡Q| PvKzwi nviv‡bvi mv‡_ mv‡_ Zv‡ì Av‡qi c_I eÜ n‡q hvq| AwaKšÍ,y eq¯‹ I cÖwZeÜx cyiæl‡ì 90 kZvsk cwiPh©vKvix‡K (cÖavbZ Zv‡ì ¯¿x) †mevh‡Zœi Kv‡R GKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ mgq e¨q Ki‡Z nq, hv Zv‡ì Avq-†ivRMv‡ii my‡hvM Kwg‡q †`q| cÖvq 26 kZvsk gwnjv‡K mßv‡n 15 N›Uv mgq Ges 28 kZvsk‡K 26 N›Uv mgq ¯^vgxi hZœ †bqvi Rb¨ w`‡Z nq| G‡Z cwiPh©vKvix gwnjv‡ì Av‡qi ¶wZ †hgb D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cwigvY n‡Z cv‡i †Zgwb Zv‡ì‡K ¯^v¯’¨MZ Kvi‡Y evowZ e¨q Ki‡Z nq| 2.2.6 eva©K¨ evsjv‡`‡ki RbmsL¨vi eqm KvVv‡gv‡Z cwieZ©b mvwaZ n‡”Q; evo‡Q eq¯‹ gvby‡li msL¨v| eZ©gv‡b lv‡UvaŸ© eqmx gvby‡li msL¨v †gvU RbmsL¨vi 7 kZvsk Ges wPÎ 2.6 †_‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q AvMZ `kKMywj‡Z Zv D‡jøL‡hvM¨fv‡e e„w× cv‡e| †gvU RbmsL¨vq eq¯‹ †jv‡Ki Ask 2030 mvj bvMv` cÖvq 12 kZvs‡k Ges 2050 mvj bvMv` Zv 23 kZvs‡k †cŠuQv‡e e‡j AbywgZ n‡”Q| evsjv‡`‡ki eq¯‹ e¨w³‡ì `vwi`ª¨ cwiw¯’wZ wPÎ 2.7 I 2.8 -G Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| Lvbv Avq-e¨q Rwic 2010 Abyhvqx lv‡UvaŸ© eqmx‡ì cÖvq 28.2 kZvsk `vwi`ª¨mxgvi bx‡P Ae¯’vb K‡i| Z‡e hLb †`‡ki Rb‡Mvôxi `vwi`ª¨SuywKMÖ¯Í Ask‡K (1.25 × D”P `vwi`ª¨mxgv) we‡ePbvq †bqv nq, ZLb `wi`ª I `vwi`ª¨SuywKMÖ¯Í Rb‡Mvôx wn‡m‡e MY¨ eq¯‹ †jv‡Ki AbycvZ e¨vcK e„w× cvq (wPÎ 2.7)| A_©vr A‡bK eq¯‹ †jvK `vwi`ª¨†iLvi KvQvKvwQ P‡j Avm‡Q Ges Zv‡ì wb‡R‡ì ev Zv‡ì m‡½ m¤cwK©Z †Kv‡bv m`‡mï Rxeb-RxweKv AwbðqZv I SzuwKi m¤§yLxb n‡j Zviv `vwi`ª¨mxgvi bx‡P P‡j †h‡Z cv‡i| wPÎ 2.6: lvU I Z`yaŸ© eqmx RbmsL¨vi AbycvZ 20 15 10 5 0 2010

2015

evsjv‡`k 60+

2020

2025

2030

evsjv‡`k 65+

2035

2040

2045

2050

evsjv‡`k 80+

Drm: Iqvì© ccy¨‡jkb cÖm‡c±: `¨ 2012 wiwfkb, wWcvU©g¨v›U Ae BKbwgK GÛ †m¨vkvj G‡dqvm© Ae `¨ BDbvB‡UW †bkbm †m‡µUvwi‡qU, BDGb ccy¨‡jkb wWwfkb|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

‡gvU RbmsL¨vi AbycvZ (%)

21 wRBwW

wPÎ 2.7: `vwi`ª¨ SuywK‡Z _vKv eq¯‹ RbmsL¨vi AbycvZ 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

wbgœ `vwi`ª¨‡iLv

`vwi`ª¨‡iLvi KvQvKvwQ

D”P `vwi`ª¨‡iLv

(D”P `vwi`ª¨‡iLv x 1.25)

Drm: Lvbv Avq-e¨q Rwic 2010, weweGm|

wPÎ 2.8: wewfbœ eqm MÖæ‡ci eq¯‹ gvby‡li gv‡S `vwi`ª¨nvi 35

`vwi`ª¨nvi (%)

30 25 20 15 10 5 0 eqm 60-64

eqm 65-69

eqm 70-79

eqm 80+

Drm: Lvbv Avq-e¨q Rwic 2010, weweGm|

wPÎ 2.8 -G †`Lv hv‡”Q †h e‡qve„× nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ `vwi`ª¨ nvi e„w× cvq| Kvh©Ki eq¯‹ †cbkb eë¯’vi Abycw¯’wZ‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki A‡bK eq¯‹ e¨w³‡K KvR Pvwj‡q †h‡Z nq| eq¯‹ gvby‡liv kÖgevRv‡i êl‡gï wkKvi n‡Z cv‡i| eq¯‹ e¨w³‡ì ¶z`ªFY cÖvwßi my‡hvMI Lye Kg _v‡K| GKwU Rwi‡c †`Lv †M‡Q, eq¯‹ e¨w³‡ì gvÎ 19 kZvsk FY myweav cvq| eq¯‹ e¨w³iv †h‡nZz µgk `ye©j I A¶g n‡q c‡o, †m‡nZz KvR KivUv ZLb GKwU AbvKvw•ÿZ evaëvaKZv n‡q `vuovq| c¶všÍ‡i, eqm evovi mv‡_ mv‡_ RxebhvÎvi e¨q, we‡kl K‡i ¯^v¯’¨ †mev e¨q †e‡o †h‡Z cv‡i| Kv‡RB, eq¯‹ e¨w³‡ì, we‡kl K‡i hv‡ì eqm Avwki Dc‡i Zv‡ì, eqm evovi mv‡_ mv‡_ `vwi`ª¨nvi †e‡o hvevi KviY n‡jv Zv‡ì RxebhvÎvi e¨q †e‡o hvIqv| Zviv mvnvh¨-mnvqZvi Rb¨ †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì Dci wbf©ikxj n‡q c‡o Ges hw` Zv bv cvq Zvn‡j Zv‡ì‡K AZ¨šÍ AmyweavRbK Ae¯’vq co‡Z nq| RbmsL¨vi cwieZ©bkxj eqm KvVv‡gv Ges eq¯‹ †jvK‡ì mv‡_ evm Ki‡e Ggb RbmsL¨vi µgea©gvb AbycvZ we‡ePbvq wb‡j †`Lv hvq †h GwU `vwi`ª¨nªv‡m fwel¨r AR©b‡K e¨vnZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

2.3 mywbw`©ó †Mvôxi `vwi`ª¨ cwiw¯’wZ

22 wRBwW

ag©, eY©, Amy¯’Zv I †ckv †_‡K DrmvwiZ ¯’vb ev mywbw`©ó mvgvwRK-A_©‰bwZK ‰ewk‡ó¨i wfwË‡Z we‡kl we‡kl MÖæ‡ci `vwi`ª¨ cwiw¯’wZi ch©v‡jvPbv †_‡K mvgvwRK wbivcËvi Pvwn`v wel‡q wKQy AwZwi³ aviYv jvf Kiv ‡h‡Z cv‡i| 2.3.1 bMi `wi`ª bMi RbmsL¨vi `ªæZ e„w× GLb GKwU ˆewk¦K NUbv| RvwZms‡Ni cÖv°jb Abyhvqx 2050 mvj bvMv` ¯^‡ívbœZ †`k¸‡jvi †gvU RbmsL¨vi 57 kZvsk kni GjvKvq evm Ki‡e| Gme †`‡ki g‡a¨ bMivq‡bi m‡e©v”P nv‡i evsjv‡`k Ab¨Zg| 1990 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki bMi RbmsL¨v wQj 21 wgwjqb hv 2010 mv‡j wØMyY n‡q 43 wgwjq‡b `vuovq| bMi `vwi`ª¨ cÖeYZv I ai‡bi Dc‡i `ªæZ bMivq‡bi gvivZ¥K cÖfve i‡q‡Q|

evsjv‡`‡k MZ 20 eQ‡i gv_vMyYwZ Abycv‡Z MÖvgxY `vwi`ª¨ Ae¨vnZfv‡e K‡g‡Q, hwÌ Zv wewfbœ mg‡q wKQzUv wewfbœ nv‡i, Z‡e bMi `vwi‡`ªï †ÿ‡Î wfbœ cÖeYZv jÿ¨ Kiv hvq (wPÎ 2.9)| bMi `vwi`ª¨ nvi 1991-92 †_‡K 199596 mgqKv‡j `ªæZ nªvm †c‡jI 2000 mv‡j cybivq e„w× cvq| Gici †_‡K bMi `vwi`ª¨ Ae¨vnZfv‡e K‡g‡Q| mvwe©Kfv‡e ej‡Z †M‡j, 1991-92 I 2010 mv‡ji g‡a¨ bMi `vwi`ª¨nvi 42.7 kZvsk †_‡K K‡g 21.3 kZvsk n‡q‡Q| Z_vwc, `vwi`ª¨nv‡ii IVvbvgv bMi `wi`ª‡ì wec`vcbœZviB j¶Y| M‡elYvq †`Lv †M‡Q, MÖvgxY `wi`ª‡ì †P‡q bMi `wi`ª‡ì Rxeb cwiw¯’wZ mvaviYZ Lvivc n‡q _v‡K| bMi `vwi`ª¨ cÖvqkB we‡kl wKQz Dcv`v‡bi mv‡_ mswkøó †hgb w`bgRyi ev Kg gRywii AbvbyôvwbK Lv‡Zi Kg©x nIqv, evm¯’vb, †gŠwjK BDwUwjwU †mev, wk¶v I ¯^v¯’¨ †mev cÖvwßi my‡hv‡Mi Afve, wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi nIqv, Lv`¨ wbivcËvnxbZv I Acywói wkKvi nIqv, `vwe `vIqv Zz‡j ai‡Z bv cviv I ¶gZvnxb nIqv, `ye©j mvgvwRK eÜb _vKv BZ¨vw`| ch©vß RxweKvqb I emev‡mi cwi‡ek QvovI bMi `wi`ª‡ì mvgvwRK m¤c` myi¶vq †fŠZ I g‡bv-mvgvwRK wbivcËvI ¸iæZ¡¡c~Y©| wPÎ 2.9: bMi, MÖvgxY I RvZxq `vwi‡`ªï aviv (1991 - 2010) gv_v¸YwZ nvi (%)

`xN©‡gqvw` `vwi`ª¨ cªeYZv 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 RvZxq kni Mªvg

1991-1992 56.7 42.8

1995-1996 50.1 27.8

58.8

34.5

2000 48.9 35.2 52.3

2005 40 28.4 43.8

2010 31.5 21.3 35.2

Drm: Lvbv e¨q Rwic 1991-92 Ges Lvbv e¨q-e¨q Rwic (wewfbœ eQi), weweGm|

mvgvwRK ewnf©‚wZ ev eÂbvi wewea iƒc i‡q‡Q †hgb, wm×všÍ MÖnY I ivR‰bwZK cÖwµqvq AskMÖnY †_‡K ewÂZ nIqv, Kg©ms¯’vb I e¯ÍyMZ m¤c` cÖvwßi myweav †_‡K ewÂZ nIqv Ges g~javivi mvs¯‹…wZK cÖwµqvq m¤c„³ nIqvi my‡hvM bv cvIqv| G¸‡jv GK‡Î cÖKU AvKv‡ii mgvR wew”QbœZv m„wó K‡i hv we‡kl we‡kl †¶‡Î ¯’vwbK gvÎv jvf K‡i (A_v©r wbw`©ó ev we‡kl GjvKvq Avjv`v ai‡bi cÖKvk Lyu‡R cvq) Ges GK ev GKvwaK mvgvwRK êwkó¨ ev mvgvwRK mË¡vi Dcv`vbmg~‡ni Dci wfwË K‡i e¨w³ ev †MvôxMZ êlg¨ m„wó K‡i| ivóª ev e¨w³ Lv‡Zi cÖwZôvb I msMV‡bi (cwievi, MÖvg I KwgDwbwU G‡mvwm‡qkb mn) AvbyôvwbK I AbvbyôvwbK KgKv‡Ði dj¯îƒc Giƒc êlg¨ NU‡Z cv‡i| mvgvwRK ewnf©‚wZ ev eÂbv Ggb GKwU Ae¯’v †hLv‡b e¨w³ ev †Mvôxmg~n Zv‡ì mgv‡R c~Y©fv‡e AskMÖnY Ki‡Z m¶g nq bv| Gi KviYmg~n n‡jv: (K) mvgvwRK cwiPq ev mË¡v, †hgb b„ZvwË¡K êwkó¨, RvwZ, †Mvôx, ag©, eY©, †RÛvi I eqm; (L) mvgvwRK (emev‡mi) Ae¯’vb, †hgb `yM©g GjvKv, KzL¨vZ GjvKv, hy×cxwoZ ev msNvZc~Y© GjvKv; (M) mvgvwRK gh©v`v, Gi AšÍf©z³ ¯^v¯’¨ cwiw¯’wZ (cÖwZewÜZv, GBPAvBwf/GBWm AvKªvšÍ I Ab¨vb¨ N„wYZ †ivM-e¨vwa), Awfevmx Ae¯’v (†hgb kiYv_©x), †ckv Ges wk¶vi ¯Íi| mgv‡Ri Ae‡nwjZ I myweavewÂZ Rb‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q `wjZ m¤úª`vq, Pv kÖwgK, †e‡` Rb‡Mvôx, cÖwZewÜZvi wkKvi †jvKRb, wnRov, M„nnxb, wf¶zK BZ¨vw`| Gme †Mvôxi †¶‡Î ewnf©‚wZi GKwU mvaviY NUbv n‡jv †hme GjvKv‡Z iv‡ói †mevmg~‡ni Afve i‡q‡Q weavq mvgvwRK cwi‡lev Acwinvh© †mme GjvKv‡Z Zviv mvgvwRK †mev-mnvqZv ej‡qi evB‡i †_‡K hvq| GB ewnf©‚wZi cÖfve Abyf‚Z nq A_©‰bwZK `y`©kv Ges ˆbwZK mg_©b nviv‡bv G Dfq A‡_©| ewnf©‚wZi Ab¨vb¨ mvaviY cÖKvkmg~n n‡jv: Kg©ms¯’v‡bi my‡hv‡M AmgZv, AvbyôvwbK †mevmg~n †hgb ¯^v¯’¨, cvwb I m¨vwb‡Ukb Ges f‚wg cÖvwß‡Z AmgZv †hMywj‡K cÖvqkB ¶wZKi êlg¨ wn‡m‡e D‡jøL Kiv nq| b„‡Mvôx: †`‡ki †gvU RbmsL¨vi Abycv‡Z evsjv‡`‡k b„‡Mvôxi msL¨v A‡bK Kg| 2011 mv‡ji Av`gkygvwi Abymv‡i †`‡ki wewfbœ †Rjvq 1.5 wgwjq‡bi †ewk ¶z`ª b„‡Mvôxi evm, hviv †`‡ki †gvU RbmsL¨vi 1.1 kZvsk| cvnvwo I mgZj GjvKv wgwj‡q cÖvq 45wU b„‡Mvôx evm K‡i| cÖvq GK-Z…Zxqvsk cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g evm K‡i Ges Aewkóiv evm K‡i PÆMÖvg, e„nËi gqgbwmsn, e„nËi ivRkvnx, e„nËi wm‡jU, cUzqvLvjx I eiMybv †Rjvq|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

2.3.2 Ae‡nwjZ I mvgvwRK myweavewÂZ Rb‡Mvôx

23 wRBwW

evsjv‡`‡ki mycwiwPZ b„‡Mvôx n‡jv PvKgv, Mv‡iv, gwbcywi, gvg©v, gyÐv, IuivI, mvuIZvj, Lvwm, KzwK, wÎcyiv, †gªv, nvRs I ivLvBb| evsjv‡`‡ki ¶z`ª b„‡Mvôxi RbmsL¨v wZbwU cÖavb a‡g©i AšÍf©z³: †eŠ× (43.7 kZvsk), wn›`y (24.1 kZvsk) Ges wLª÷vb (13.2 kZvsk)| GQvovI, Ab¨vb¨ a‡g©i AšÍf©z³ 19 kZvsk| M‡elYvq †`Lv †M‡Q, cve©Z¨ PUªMÖvg †`‡ki Ab¨Zg cðv`c` I SzuwKc~Y© GjvKv| mKj cve©Zëvmxi gvÎ 7.8 kZvsk cÖv_wgK Ges 2.4 kZvsk gva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii wk¶v m¤cbœ K‡i‡Q| cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g Lv`¨ `vwi`ª¨ e¨vcK I we¯Í…Z| GLv‡b emevmiZ b„‡Mvôxi AwaKvskB eQ‡ii †ewkifvM mgq Lv`¨ wbivcËvnxbZvq fy‡M _v‡K| Avlvp (Ryb-RyjvB) I kÖveY (RyjvB-AvM÷) gv‡m G Ae¯’vi Av‡iv AebwZ N‡U| ¶z`ª b„‡Mvôxi †gvU RbmsL¨vi 65 kZvsk Pig `wi`ª (absolute poor ) Ges 44 kZvsk nZ`wi`ª (hardcore poor)| | GQvov wbgœ `vwi`ª¨‡iLv I D”P `vwi`ª¨‡iLvi bx‡P evm K‡i h_vµ‡g 78 I 89 kZvsk †jvK| jymvB‡ì 100 kZvsk I PvKgv‡ì 71 kZvsk Lvbv wbgœ `vwi`ª¨‡iLvi bx‡P Ges jymvB‡ì 100 kZvsk I PvKgv‡ì 84 kZvsk Lvbv D”P `vwi`ª¨‡iLvi bx‡P evm K‡i| `wjZ m¤cÖ`vq: `wjZ‡ì gh©v`v HwZnvwmKfv‡e †ckvi mv‡_ mswkøó| Zviv mvaviYZ A”Qzr I Acqv wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nq| myBcvi, †Wvg, gywP cÖgyL †jvK‡ì wb‡qB `wjZ †kÖYx MwVZ| evsjv‡`‡k `wjZ ej‡Z †mme †ckvi †jvK‡K we‡ePbv Kiv nq †hMywj‡K AkywP wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nq †hgb Svo– †`qv, †Wªb, b`©gv cwi®‹vi Kiv, Pv evMv‡bi kÖwg‡Ki KvR, g„Z‡`n Kei †`qv, RyZv I Pvgovi KvR, ev`¨ evRv‡bv, †avcvi KvR BZ¨vw`| `wjZ‡ì kÖg‡K wbqš¿Y I †kvlY Kivi Dcvq wn‡m‡e mvgvwRK eqKU I Rei`w¯Íg~jK kÖg Zv‡ì Dci Pvwc‡q †`qv nq| †`‡ki `wjZ m¤cÖ`v‡qi Dci RwicwfwËK †Kv‡bv Z_¨-DcvË †bB| Z‡e wKQz AbywgwZ †_‡K Rvbv hvq †h, evsjv‡`‡k cÖvq 4.5-5.5 wgwjqb `wjZ evm K‡i| M‡elYvq †`Lv †M‡Q, Gme cÖvwšÍK Rb‡Mvôx †Kej A_©‰bwZK êl‡gï g‡Zv mgm¨vB †gvKv‡ejv K‡i bv, eis wb‡gœv³ ai‡bi P¨v‡j‡ÄiI m¤§yLxb n‡q _v‡K: (1) A¯c„k¨Zv I N„Yv, (2) mvgvwRK ewnf©‚wZ, (3) gh©v`vi Afve, (4) RxweKvnxbZv, (5) Rwg †_‡K ejc~e©K D‡”Q`, (6) mgv‡R I cwiev‡i wbivcËvnxbZv, (7) AÁZv I Z‡_ï Afve, (8) cwi‡ekMZ wech©q, (9) AvBwb mnvqZv cÖvwßi Afve Ges (10) miKvwi †mev-mnvqZv cÖvwßi Afve| GBPAvBwf/GBWm AvµvšÍ Rb‡Mvôx: evsjv‡`‡k GBPAvBwf fvBiv‡m AvµvšÍ‡ì msL¨v I GBWm †iv‡M g„Zzï nvi ax‡i ax‡i evo‡Q| 2011 mv‡j bZyb kYv³K…Z 445 Rbmn B‡Zvg‡a¨ †`‡k 2,533 Rb †jvK GBPAvBwf AvµvšÍ e‡j kYv³ n‡q‡Q| GQvov 2011 mv‡j 251 Rb GBWm-G AvµvšÍ nq I 84 R‡bi g„Zz¨ nq| d‡j †gvU GBWm Avµv‡šÍi msL¨v `vovq 1101 I g„ZzëiYKvixi msL¨v `vuovq 325| evsjv‡`‡k wcGjGBPAvBwfÕi cÖK…Z msL¨v wbY©q Kiv KwVb †Kbbv wbgœ nv‡ii Kvi‡Y mvaviY RbmsL¨vi cÖwZwbwaZ¡g~jK cixÿv Kiv cÖvq Am¤¢e| me©‡kl cÖvwZôvwbK Z_¨ DcvË Abymv‡i 2012 mv‡ji AvM÷ ch©šÍ GBPAvBwf wb‡q emevmiZ cÖvßeq¯‹ I wkky-wK‡kv‡ii †gvU msL¨v 7,700 (4,900-16,000)| AvµvšÍ nIqvi msL¨vi Dci wfwË K‡i ejv hvq †h, evsjv‡`‡k m‡e©v”P SyuwK‡Z _vKv Rb‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ GBPAvBwf/GBWm -Gi e¨vwß 1 kZvs‡ki †P‡q Kg|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

wewfbœ wb‡`©kK Abymv‡i GBPAvBwf/GBWm -Gi e¨vwß we‡ePbvq evsjv‡`‡ki wKQy mdjZv Av‡Q| †`‡k GBPAvBwfÕi cÖ‡Kvc GL‡bv A‡bK Kg| mvaviY RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ GBWm msµg‡Yi nvi 0.1 kZvs‡ki bx‡P, Z‡e msµwgZ (wi‡cv‡U©W) nIqvi msL¨v µgk evo‡Q| D”P SyuwKc~Y© †hŠbK‡g© KbWg e¨env‡ii †¶‡Î D‡jøL‡hvM¨ DbœwZ cwijw¶Z n‡q‡Q; 1990 mv‡j KbWg e¨env‡ii nvi wQj 6.3 kZvsk hv 2010 mv‡j †e‡o wM‡q 44-67 kZvsk n‡q‡Q|

24 wRBwW

GBPAvBwfi †ÿ‡Î `vwi`ª¨ GKwU e¨vcK I fqven mgm¨v; GBPAvBwf wb‡q emevmKvix Rb‡Mvôxi GK eo Ask we‡`k †diZ| GBPAvBwf wb‡q evm Kiv †jvK‡ì A‡b‡KB †eKvi hv‡ì Av‡M KvR ev PvKyix wQj wKšÍy GLb ‡bB| wk¶v I `¶Zvi NvUwZ _vKvq Ges Kg©ms¯’v‡bi Afv‡ei Kvi‡Y Zv‡ì A‡bK‡K MÖv‡g wd‡i †h‡Z n‡q‡Q| GBPAvBwf AvµvšÍiv hw` Lv`¨ wbivcËvnxbZvq †fv‡M Zvn‡j Zviv gvbm¤§Z GBPAvBwf wPwKrmv I cwiPh©vi mydj cv‡ebv| GBPAvBwf‡Z AvµvšÍ †jvK‡ì g‡a¨ Lv`¨ wbivcËvnxbZv fvBiv‡mi ¶wZKi cÖfve e„w× K‡i Ges †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv e„w×Kvix wmwW4 Gi cwigvY Kgvq, Gi d‡j GBPAvBwf mswkøó DcmM©mg~n e„w× cvq Ges g„Zzï m¤¢vebv †e‡o hvq| GBPAvBwf AvµvšÍ e¨w³iv mvaviYZ mvgvwRKfv‡e ewÂZ nq, KviY G ai‡bi Amy¯’Zv ev †ivMe¨vwa mvgvwRK j¾vi KviY wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nq| AwaKšÍ,y AvµvšÍ gwnjv I wkky-wK‡kv‡iiv ¯^vgx ev evev-gv gviv hvIqvi ci m¤úwË †_‡K ewÂZ nq| Zviv mywePvi cÖvwß †_‡K ewÂZ nq, hv Zv‡ì wec`vcbœZv ev SyuwKi gvÎv AviI evwo‡q †`q|

wcZv/gvZvi GBPAvBwf‡Z AvµvšÍ nIqvi †iKW© _vKvi Kvi‡Y GwZg mšÍv‡bivI bvbv ai‡bi ‰elg¨ I eÂbvi wkKvi nq| Awf‡hvM ev bvwjk `v‡q‡ii †¶‡Î GBPAvBwf AvµvšÍiv †hme cÖavb evav ev cÖwZeÜKZvi m¤§yLxb nq Zv n‡jv msµwgZ nIqvi K_v cÖKvk K‡i †`qv ev êlg¨/eÂbvi fq, †hŠb I †RÛviwfwËK wbh©vZb, Avw_©K msKU, Ges webvg~‡j¨ AvBwb mnvqZv cÖvwßi Afve BZ¨vw`| weaev I `y¯’ gwnjv: evsjv‡`k cwimsL¨vb ey¨‡iv †_‡K cÖvß Z_¨vbymv‡i weaev, ZvjvKcÖvß I ¯^vgx cwiZ¨³ gwnjviv †`‡ki †gvU weevwnZ bvixi 11.3 kZvsk| mgv‡Ri †Pv‡L GKRb weaev memgq †evSv wn‡m‡eB MY¨ nq Ges †mRb¨ D‡cw¶ZI e‡U| cwievi I mgv‡R GKRb weaevi †Kv‡bv m¤§vb _v‡K bv, we‡kl K‡i `wi`ª mgv‡R GKRb weaevi wbR¯^ †Kv‡bv cQ›` _v‡K bv, Ges wm×všÍ †bqvi ¶gZvI _v‡Kbv| A_P cwiev‡i wm×všÍ †bqvi ÿgZv bvixi ¶gZvq‡bi Ab¨Zg †gŠwjK kZ©| we‡klZ MÖvgxY bvix‡ì †ewkifvMB M„wnYx Ges Zv‡ì ¯^vgxivB Zv‡ì cwiev‡ii GKgvÎ DcvR©b¶g e¨w³| weaev nIqvi weiƒc A_©‰bwZK cwiYwZ QvovI Gi mvgvwRK I gb¯ÍvwË¡K cÖfveI i‡q‡Q| `y¯’ gwnjv‡ì g‡a¨ hviv ZvjvKcÖvß ev e‡qve„× Ges hv‡ì AcÖvßeq¯‹ †Q‡j‡g‡q Av‡Q Zviv me‡P‡q AwbðqZvi g‡a¨ _v‡K| evsjv‡`‡ki MÖvgxY GjvKvq `vwi`ª¨ cxwoZ cwievi¸‡jv‡Z e„×‡ì‡K we‡kl K‡i e„× gwnjv‡ì‡K †evSv wn‡m‡e MY¨ nq Ges Zv‡ì A‡bK‡K evwo ev Ni †_‡K †ei K‡i †`qvi Kvi‡Y Zviv wf¶ve„wË Ki‡Z eva¨ nq| Zv‡ì †Q‡j‡g‡qiv Rxebavi‡Yi Rb¨ ch©vß Avq ev DcvR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i bv weavq Zviv cwievi †_‡K cÖvqkB mvnvh¨-mnvqZv cvq bv|

2.4 SyuwK †gvKv‡ejv: ¯^Kxq Ges †hŠ_ (†Kv‡fwi‡qU) SyuwK I AwfNvZ evsjv‡`‡ki cwievimg~n GKvwaK ¯^Zš¿ ev ¯^Kxq AwfNv‡Zi m¤§yLxb nq †hgb ¯^v¯’¨MZ AvNvZ (Amy¯’Zv/RLg), Kg© nviv‡bv I m¤c` nviv‡bv| Zviv Avevi A‡bK †hŠ_ (me©e¨vcx ev KwgDwbwU ch©v‡qi) AwfNvZI †gvKv‡ejv K‡i _v‡K †hgb cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM, gnvgvix, Af¨šÍixY ivR‰bwZK msKU I wek¦ g›`v| 1997-2006/07 mgqKv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki A‡a©‡KiI †ewk cwievi wewfbœ AwfNv‡Z AvµvšÍ n‡q‡Q| wewfbœ mgx¶vi djvd‡j me‡P‡q †ewk msNwUZ AwfNvZ wn‡m‡e ¯^v¯’¨ m¤cwK©Z AwfNvZmg~n‡K wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q (24-44 kZvsk Lvbv KZ©…K wi‡cv‡U©W)| †ewkevi msNwUZ Ab¨vb¨ AwfNvZ n‡jv nvum-gyiwM I Mevw`cïi g„Zz¨ (21 kZvsk), cwi‡ek I RjevqyRwbZ AwfNvZ (15-18 kZvsk), Ges weev‡ni †hŠZzK wn‡m‡e e¨qRwbZ (†Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv mgx¶v g‡Z 23 kZvsk)| 6 me©v‡c¶v †ewk †hŠ_ AwfNvZ Av‡m cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi Kvi‡Y| †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’v‡bi Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`k cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vMcÖeY Ges G `y‡h©vM SyuwK‡Z i‡q‡Q|

AwfNvZ I G‡ì cÖfve †gvKv‡ejvi Rb¨ Lvbvmg~n wewfbœ †KŠkj D™¢veb K‡i| AwfNvZ †gvKv‡ejvi me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡¡c~Y© Dcvq n‡jv mÂq‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡bv| cÖvq 34 kZvsk Lvbv mÂq‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡bvi K_v e‡j‡Q| ¯^”Qj cwievi¸‡jv Zv‡ì mÂq, Aí my‡` FY, Kg `v‡g m¤ú` wewµ Ges wejvm `ªe¨vwì †fvM Kgv‡bv BZ¨vw` Dcv‡q AwfNvZ †gvKv‡ejv K‡i| c¶všÍ‡i, Am”Qj cwievimg~‡ni GKwU e„nr Ask wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq I Avewk¨K `ªe¨vwì †fvM Kwg‡q, eÜyevÜe‡ì KvQ †_‡K mvnvh¨ wb‡q I D”P my‡` FY MÖnY K‡i AwfNvZ †gvKv‡ejv K‡i| D”P my‡ì FY MÖnY `wi`ª Lvbv¸‡jv‡K Av‡iv †kvPbxq I wech©¯Í K‡i †Zv‡j| 2.4.1 †gŠmygx `vwi`ª¨ MÖvgxY evsjv‡`‡k dmj Drcv`‡bi wZb ai‡bi avb dmj Drcv`‡bi wZbwU cÖavb km¨ch©v‡qi Dci wfwË K‡i Avq, †fvM I `vwi‡`ªï †gŠmygwfwËK cv_©K¨ GKwU †cŠbtcywbK welq| †ev‡iv avb Drcv`b `ªæZ e„w×, Akm¨ K…wli cÖmvi, MÖvgxY AK…wlR Kg©Kv‡Ði cÖmvi Ges K…wl kÖwgK‡ì †gŠmygx AwfMgb †`‡ki A‡bK GjvKvq Avq I †fvM evov‡Z mnvqZv K‡i‡Q| Z_vwc GLbI A‡bK GjvKv, we‡kl K‡i iscyi wefv‡M, †gŠmygwfwËK `vwi`ª¨ we`¨gvb i‡q‡Q|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

AwfNv‡Zi cÖK…wZ, msNU‡bi msL¨v I gvÎv/ZxeªZv Ges cwievi ev Lvbvi cÖviw¤¢K êwkóï Dci wbf©i K‡i cwievimg~‡ni Rb¨ AwfNv‡Zi cwiYwZ Ges Gme AwfNvZ †gvKv‡ejvq Zv‡ì mvg_¨© | cÖvgvY¨ Z_¨ †_‡K †`Lv hvq e¨w³ ev Lvbv ch©v‡qi AwfNvZ n‡Z KwgDwbwU ch©v‡qi AwfNv‡Zi cÖfve wfbœ ai‡bi| ¯^í wk¶vcÖvß Ges Kg Rwg I m¤c‡ì gvwjKvbv wewkó Lvbvmg~ni Dci AwfNvZmg~‡ni cÖfve A‡bK †ewk gvivZ¥K|

25 wRBwW

Avgb dmj DVvi Av‡Mi wZb gvm A_©vr †m‡Þ¤î †_‡K b‡f¤î GB †gŠmygx `vwi‡`ªï NUbv N‡U _v‡K| FZzwbf©i K„wl eë¯’vi Kvi‡Y m„ó †gŠmygx Lv`¨vfve ev `ywf©¶ve¯’v cÖvqkB ZxeªZi nq we‡klZ weiƒc AvenvIqv BZ¨vw` Kvi‡Y km¨ Drcv`b e¨vnZ n‡j A_©vr fvj djb bv n‡j| K…wli FZz wbf©iZv QvovI K…wl-Rjevqy I cÖwZ‡ekMZ êwk‡óï AšÍwb©wnZ cv_©K¨ Ges ¯’vbxq A_©bxwZi êwPÎ¨ (iscyi GjvKvq †`L‡Z cvIqv hvq) Avq I †fv‡Mi †gŠmyg wbf©iZv‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i| gvQ Avni‡Yi †¶‡Î †gŠmygx cv_©K¨, g›`v/`y‡h©vMc~Y© AvenvIqv Ges Bwjk gvQ Avni‡Y `yB gv‡mi Rb¨ wb‡lavÁv Av‡ivc BZ¨vw` Kvi‡Y †R‡j m¤cÖ`vq †gŠmygx †eKvi‡Z¡i m¤§yLxb n‡q _v‡K| 2.4.2 Lv`¨g~j¨RwbZ AwfNvZ Lv`¨ g~‡jï evwl©K IVvbvgv, we‡kl K‡i cÖavb Lv`¨km¨ av‡bi †ÿ‡Î, djb wech©‡qi Kvi‡Y n‡q _v‡K Ges GwU GKwU wbqwgZ NUbv| hw` Af¨šÍixY dmj Drcv`b Kg nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ wek¦evRv‡i Lv`¨ NvUwZ †`Lv †`q Z‡e Zv msKUc~Y© Ae¯’vq DcbxZ nq| mv¤cÖwZK AZx‡Z 2008 mv‡ji cÖ_g Pvi gv‡m Ges 2010 mv‡ji gvSvgvwS †_‡K 2012 mv‡ji cÖ_gw`K ch©šÍ mgqKv‡j wek¦ Lv`¨g~j¨ Pig e„w× cvq| 2005 I 2008 mv‡ji g‡a¨ Pv‡ji g~j¨ 25 kZvsk, M‡gi g~j¨ 70 kZvsk Ges f~Ævi g~j¨ 80 kZvsk e„w× cvq| 2008 mv‡ji cÖ_g Pvi gv‡m cwijw¶Z nIqv AvKw¯§K Lv`¨g~j¨ e„w×i ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖfve i‡q‡Q †`‡ki RbM‡Yi Rxeb RxweKvq I Kj¨v‡Y| KviY evsjv‡`k Lv`¨ Avg`vwbKviK †`k Ges cwievimg~‡ni Av‡qi GKwU eo Ask Lvev‡ii †cQ‡b LiP nq| D`vniY ¯îƒc `vwi`ª¨ wefvR‡bi me©wbgœ av‡c (KzB›UvBj ev cÂgvs‡k) Aew¯’Z Lvbvmg~‡n (23 kZvsk) cvwievwiK †fv‡Mi 40 kZvsk n‡jv Pvj| Lv`¨ g~j¨ e„w×i cÖfve me cwiev‡ii Dci GKiKg bq| ¯^í †gqv‡`, †hme `wi`ª †jvK Zv‡ì Av‡qi eo Ask Lv‡`ï Rb¨ e¨q K‡i Zviv gvivZ¥Kfv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯Í nq| ga¨g‡gqv‡`, hLb ewa©Z Lv`¨g~jï mv‡_ gRywi‡K mgš^q Kiv nq ZLb Lvbvmg~n mgfv‡e cÖfvweZ nq| `xN©‡gqv‡`, hLb Ab¨ Lv‡Zi Dci Lv`¨g~‡jïI c‡ivÿ DØ„wË (w¯újIfvi) cÖfve _v‡K ZLb D”P Avq MÖæ‡ci cwievimg~n `wi`ª‡ì †P‡q †ewk ¶wZMÖ¯Í nq †Kbbv Zviv †mev Drcv`‡bi eo Ask †fvM K‡i| 2.4.3 A_©‰bwZK g›`v evwYR¨P‡µi Ask wn‡m‡e A_©‰bwZK g›`v m¤ú‡K© cvV¨ eB‡q hv †jLv Av‡Q A_©‰bwZK êwkó¨vwì Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`‡k Zvi `„óvšÍ weij| †h‡nZz evsjv‡`k µgvš^‡q wkívwqZ n‡”Q Ges wek¦ A_©bxwZi mv‡_ AwaKZi m¤c„³ n‡”Q, †m‡nZz evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZi Dci êwk¦K DÌvb-cZb Gi cÖfve gvivZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i Ges †`‡ki `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôxi Dci Gi cÖfve n‡Z cv‡i Mfxi| G cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z evsjv‡`k 1997-98 mv‡j c~e© Gwkqvi †`k¸‡jv‡Z msNwUZ Avw_©K I A_©‰bwZK msKU Ges 2008-09 mv‡ji êwk¦K Avw_©K msKU †_‡K wk¶v wb‡Z cv‡i| G ai‡bi msKUKv‡j mvaviYZ †eKviZ¡ †e‡o hvq Ges cÖK…Z gRywi K‡g hvq|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

2.5 RxebP‡µi wewfbœ ch©v‡qi SyuwKi wecix‡Z we`¨gvb mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkjmg~‡ni g¨vwcs

26 wRBwW

1971 mv‡j ¯^vaxb †`k wn‡m‡e evsjv‡`‡ki AvZ¥cÖKvk N‡U GKwU AwZ f½yi A_©bxwZ wb‡q| ZLb †`‡k `vwi‡`ªï nvi wQj cÖvq 70 kZvsk| wKšÍy cÖvq 40 eQ‡i `„k¨cU m¤ú~Y© cv‡ë †M‡Q; Z_¨-DcvË G K_vB ej‡Q| `vwi`ª¨ n«vm †c‡q 2015 mv‡j 23.6 kZvs‡k †b‡g G‡m‡Q| beŸB `k‡Ki cÖ_gw`‡K mviv‡`k fqven I e¨vcK eb¨vq cøvweZ nIqvi AvM ch©šÍ mvgvwRK myi¶v nvwZqvi, †hgb wfwRGd KvW© I gnvgvwi cÖwZ‡iva eë¯’v †hgb IAviGm Gi gva¨‡g iv‡óªi cÖvwZôvwbK KvVv‡gv Ggb gvÎvq AMÖmi n‡qwQj †h mvgvb¨ ¶q-¶wZ wb‡q K‡qK mßv‡ni g‡a¨B MÖvgxY A_©bxwZ‡K cybR©vMwiZ Ki‡Z m¶g n‡Zv| GKwU we¯Í…Z mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wP `y‡h©vM cieZ©x g„Zz¨ I Lv`¨vfv‡ei gva¨wgK Pµ‡K `~i Ki‡Z mÿg n‡q‡Q| e¯‘Z cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡M KiæYvi cvÎ n‡q _vKvi †h wbqwZ wba©vwiZ fveg~wZ© evsjv‡`‡ki wQj †m `yb©vg gy‡Q evsjv‡`k eZ©gv‡b we‡k¦ `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbvi †ivj g‡Wj wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡”Q| 2.5.1 RxebP‡µi wewfbœ ch©v‡q we`¨gvb mvgvwRK wbivcËv ms¯’vb mviwY 2.1 G RxebP‡µi wewfbœ ch©vq I SyuwKi wecix‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni we¯ÍvwiZ weeiY Zy‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| RxebP‡µi wewfbœ ¯Í‡i RxebPµwfwËK Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni eZ©gvb ms¯’vb AwaKZi we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e wb‡gœi Aby‡”Q`mg~‡n eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| GQvov Zv‡ì `ye©j I mej w`Kmg~nI †hgb Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q, †Zgwb RxebP‡µi wewfbœ ¯Í‡i cÖ‡`q mvgvwRK wbivcËv myweavi g‡a¨ †h NvUwZ i‡q‡Q †m wel‡qI Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|

2.5.2 cÖvK-‰kkeKvj

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

evsjv‡`‡ki mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPmg~‡n AwZ Kgeqmx †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì A_©vr wkky‡ì AšÍf©yw³ mvgvb¨ hwÌ Zviv wewfbœ ai‡bi P¨v‡j‡Äi m¤§yLxb n‡q _v‡K, we‡kl K‡i cywónxbZvi †¶‡Î| gwnjv I wkky welqK gš¿Yvjq †h ¯^í cwigv‡Yi wkky Aby`vb †`q, Zv `wi`ª ¯Íb¨`vqx gv‡q‡ì Rb¨ gvZ…Z¡ fvZv Kg©m~wP bv‡g cwiwPZ| †`‡ki gvÎ GK jvL cwievi G fvZv †c‡q _v‡K| Kv‡RB, wkky‡ì mvgvwRK wbivcËvi ms¯’v‡b †h NvUwZ i‡q‡Q Zv e¨vcK| e¯ÍyZ, cÖvq 15 wgwjqb wkky †Kv‡bv ai‡bi cÖZ¨¶ mvgvwRK wbivcËv mnvqZv cvq bv| G weivU NvUwZ c~iY Kiv RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji Rb¨ GKwU Ab¨Zg eo P¨v‡jÄ|

27 wRBwW

mviwY 2.1: RxebPµ Abyhvqx mvRv‡bv evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb cÖavb mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPmg~n Kg©m~wPi bvg

2013 A_©eQ‡i †gvU GmGm ev‡RU (wgwjqb UvKvq) †gvU DcKvi‡fvMx (00,000)

ev‡RU eivÏ

Kfv‡iR

wgwjqb

e¨w³i msL¨v ch©v‡qi

UvKvq

(jvL) 776

gvZ…, wkky, cÖRbb I wK‡kvix ¯^v¯’¨

1,390

0.67

KwgDwbwU ¯^v¯’¨‡mev D‡`¨vM cybiæ¾xweZKiY Initiative RxebPµ ch©vq: we`¨vjq Mg‡bi eqmKvj

3,967

5.0

cÖv_wgK wkÿv Dc-e„wË

9,250

78.17

¯‹zj wdwWs †cÖvMvg Ges `wi`ªcÖeY GjvKvq ¯‹zj wdwWs †cÖvMÖvg

4,565

24.4

gva¨wgK I D”Pgva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii wkÿv_©x‡`i ÷vB‡cÛ I cÖ‡ek e„w× Students RxebPµ ch©vq: Kg©ÿg eqm

6,475

37.83

weaev, Amnvq I `yt¯’ gwnjv‡`i Rb¨ fvZv

3,312

9.2

`wi`ª‡`i A_©‰bwZK ÿgZvqb (BBwc)

1,104

cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi Rb¨ Lv`¨ mnvqZv Tracts ‡`i Rb¨ Kg©ms¯’vb m„Rb Kg©m~wP AwZ`wi`ª

2,423 12,000

40.1 3.57 0.42

fvjbv‡iej MÖæc †W‡fjc‡g›U Kv‡Ri wewbg‡q Lv`¨ mvgvwRK Dbœqb dvD‡Ûkb cjøx Kg©ms¯’vb I moK iÿYv‡eÿY Kg©m~wP GKwU evox GKwU Lvgvi AvkÖqY 2 cÖKí

8,589

22.6

14,927 2,887 2,575 5,380 1,201

16.7 1.33 9.67 0.11

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

RxebPµ ch©vq: eva©K¨/ e„× eqm

28 wRBwW

f‚wgnxb I `wi`ª gyw³‡hv×v‡`i Rb¨ evm¯’vb wbg©vY

2,280

0.29

Am”Qj gyw³‡hv×v‡`i m¤§vbx cÖ`vb Fighters AemicÖvß miKvwi Kg©Pvwi I Zv‡`i cwiev‡ii Rb¨ †cbkb

3,600

1.5

55,328

3.98

eq¯‹ fvZv

8,910

24.75

cÖwZewÜZv mvaviY D‡Ïk¨

1,030

5,357

2.32%

5.67

0.73%

20,290

8.78%

140.4

18.09%

54,398

23.55%

103.7

13.36%

70,118

30.36%

30.52

3.93%

1,030

0.45%

2.86

0.37%

16,119

6.98%

10.41

1.34%

2.86

Rjevqy cwieZ©b Znwej b¨vkbvj mvwf©m

4,000 3,108

9.0 0.41

`y‡h©vM e¨e¯’vcbvi Rb¨ †_vK eivÏ

1,000 8,011

1.0

wewea Kg©m~wPi Rb¨ †_vK eivÏ Management Programmes

ev‡RU

†gvU †gvU †gvU mvgvwRK DcKvi‡fvMx GmGm wbivcËv (jvL) DcKvi‡fvMxi ev‡R‡Ui % %

230,970

RxebPµ ch©vq: Mf©aviY Kvj I cÖviw¤¢K ˆkkeKvj

Avw_©Kfv‡e Am”Qj cÖwZeÜx‡`i Rb¨ fvZv

RxebPµ

Kg©m~wPi bvg

Programmes Lv`¨ mnvqZv fvjbv‡iej MÖæc wdwWs †U÷ wiwjd (wUAvi) Lv`¨ MÖvUzBUvm wiwjd (wRAvi) Lv`¨ ‡Lvjv evRv‡i wewµ (IGgGm)

ev‡RU

†gvU †gvU mvgvwRK DcKvi‡fvMx wbivcËv (jvL) ev‡R‡Ui %

†gvU GmGm DcKvi‡fvMxi %

44,787

19.39%

398.63

51.37% %

18,800

8.14%

83.61

10.77% %

ev‡RU eivÏ

Kfv‡iR

wgwjqb

e¨w³i msL¨v ch©v‡qi

UvKvq

(jvL)

12,008 12,602 2,596 17,580

85 13 80 220.63

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Ab¨vb¨ Drm: A_© gš¿Yvjq

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29 wRBwW

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

30 wRBwW

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70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

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Drm: Pension Watch Database

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A_©eQi 2010-11 (ms‡kvwaZ) A_©eQi 2011-12

2.12 122.22 80.00 17.00

17.12 1473.64 263.76 700.00 -

1.61 104.44 80.00 17.00 0.06

Drm: A_© gš¿Yvjq, RvZxq ev‡RU, A_©eQi 2010-11 (ms‡kvwaZ) Ges A_©eQi 2011-12|

13.00 1607.15 273.56 700.00 24.00

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mviwY 2.2: `y‡h©vM m¤úwK©Z wewfbœ Kg©m~wPi AvIZv Ges ev‡RU eivÏ

31 wRBwW

1998 mv‡ji aŸsmvZ¥K eb¨vi cÖwZ mvov w`‡Z wM‡q eb¨vq gvivZ¥Kfv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯Í cwievi¸‡jvi `ytL-Kó cÖkg‡b miKvi `ywU cÖZ¨¶ Aby`vbg~jK ÎvY Kg©m~wP MÖnY K‡i| cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q GmKj cwievi‡K MÖvUzBUvm wiwjd (wRAvi) Kg©m~wPi AvIZvq Zvr¶wYK ÎvY mnvqZv cÖ`vb Kiv nq| eb¨vi cvwb †b‡g hvIqvi ci A‡±ve‡ii †kl w`‡K `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôxi D‡Ï‡k¨ M„nxZfvjbv‡iej MÖæc wdwWs (wfwRGd) Kg©m~wP ïiæ Kiv nq| G `ywU Kg©m~wP‡Z cÖK…Z DcKvi‡fvMxi msL¨v Kg nIqv, myweav‡fvMx nevi †hvM¨ bq Ggb D‡jøL‡hvM¨msL¨K gvby‡li AšÍf©yw³ Ges Mo myweavi g~j¨gvb Kg nIqv BZ¨vw` Kvi‡Y Gme Kg©m~wPi g~j¨vqb †_‡K wgkÖ djvdj cvIqv hvq| hv‡nvK, G `ywU Kg©m~wP †h‡Kv‡bv eo ai‡bi Lv`¨ msKU cwinv‡i mnvqZv K‡i‡Q| G `ywU Kg©m~wP QvovI AviI `ywU mvaviY D‡Ïk¨g~jK Znwej i‡q‡Q| GKwU n‡jv `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv Znwej Ges Ab¨wU n‡jv Rjevqy cwieZ©b Znwej| †gŠmygx †eKviZ¡ mgm¨v †gvKv‡ejvq M…nxZ Kg©m~wPmg~n: †gŠmygx †eKviZ¡ Ges Lv`¨ g~j¨ e„w×RwbZ AwfNvZRvZ SyuwK cÖkg‡b bvbv ai‡bi Kg©m~wP Pvjy i‡q‡Q| GMywji g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ n‡jv: ¯^í‡gqvw` Kg©m~wP †hgb Kv‡Ri wewbg‡q Lv`¨ (KvweLv) Ges Kv‡Ri wewbg‡q UvKv (KvweUv), hv †gŠmygx `y‡h©v‡Mi cÖfve cÖkg‡bi j‡ÿ¨ AvµvšÍ cwievimg~n‡K `ªæZ I Riæwi mnvqZv cÖ`vb K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K `xN©‡gqvw` Kg©m~wPmg~n n‡jv: AwZ`wi`ª‡ì Rb¨ Kg©m„Rb Kg©m~wP (BwRwcwc), †U÷ wiwjd BZ¨vw`| GQvov Lv`¨ mnvqZvg~jK Kg©m~wPI i‡q‡Q| †hgb- fvjbv‡iej MÖæc wdwWs (wfwRGd) I fvjbv‡iej MÖæc †W‡fjc‡g›U (wfwRwW) Kg©m~wP| GbwRI I miKvi Dfq cwiPvwjZ Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni GK †hŠ_ g~j¨vqb †_‡K †`Lv †M‡Q, †gŠmyg wfwËK `vwi`ª¨ n«v‡mi Dci Gme Kg©m~wPi BwZevPK cÖfve i‡q‡Q| Z‡e bvbvwea Kvi‡Y Gme Kg©m~wPi Kvh©KvwiZv cybg©~j¨vqb cÖ‡qvRb| †gŠmygx Lv`¨vfve I `vwi`ª¨ †gvKv‡ejv Kivi me©v‡c¶v †UKmB Dcvq n‡jv AeKvVv‡gv‡Z wewb‡qvM I AK…wlR Kg©ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM m„wói gva¨‡g iscyi wefv‡Mi mvwe©K Dbœqb mvab Kiv| GQvov, DbœZ mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vq Ges ¶y`ªFY cÖvwß‡Z `wi`ª RbM‡Yi AviI †ewk cÖ‡ekMg¨Zv wbwðZ Kiv AZ¨šÍ MyiyZ¡c~Y© wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ n‡Z cv‡i| Lv`¨g~j¨RwbZ AwfNv‡Zi cÖwZ miKv‡ii mvov`vb: G‡¶‡Î miKvi we`¨gvb wbivcËv †eóbx Kg©m~wP †hgb Kv‡Ri wewbg‡q Lv`¨ Kg©m~wPi gva¨‡g Lv`¨ weZiY e„w× K‡i‡Q| bZyb bM` A_©wfwËK IqvK©‡dqvi Kg©m~wP I BwRwcwc 2009 mv‡j Pvjy nq| bMi GjvKvq IGgGm Kg©m~wP m¤cÖmvwiZ Kiv nq| bvbvwea cÖkvmwbK mgm¨v m‡Ë¡I Gme Kg©m~wP Lv`¨g~j¨ AwfNv‡Zi cÖfve‡K mnbxq ivL‡Z mnvqZv K‡i‡Q| G‡ÿ‡Î `ywU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© we‡eP¨ welq n‡jv†Kv‡bv msKU ev SyuwKi cÖwZ miKv‡ii mg‡qvwPZ mvov`vb Ges mgv‡Ri `wi`ªZg Ask hv‡ì mvnvh¨ †ewk cÖ‡qvRb Zv‡ì‡K Uv‡M©U Kiv | êwk¦K A_©‰bwZK g›`v †_‡K m„ó SyuwK †gvKv‡ejv: A_©bxwZ‡Z g›`vi cÖfve KvwU‡q DV‡Z miKv‡ii bvbv ai‡bi ivR¯^ I Avw_©K bxwZ nvwZqvi i‡q‡Q| miKvi ¯^xKvi K‡i †h Kg©ÿg eqmx Rb‡Mvôx‡K mvgvwRK wbivcËv cÖ`v‡b wKQy mywbw`©ó ev we‡kl ai‡bi mvgvwRK wbivcËvg~jK c`‡¶c MÖn‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb n‡Z cv‡i| †eKviZ¡ wegv‡K AšÍf©y³ Kivi gva¨‡g mvgvwRK wbivcËvi AvIZv cÖmvwiZ K‡i we`¨gvb mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi AvaywbKxKiY evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ GKwU AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ms¯‹vi| Kg©ms¯’vb e„w× I F‡Yi cÖevn e„w× m¤úwK©Z miKvwi bxwZ QvovI GKwU AwaKZi j¶¨wfwËK I AšÍf©yw³g~jK mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’v M‡o †Zvjv n‡Z cv‡i A_©‰bwZK g›`vRwbZ SyuwKmg~n cÖkg‡b m¤¢ve¨ mvov`v‡bi m‡e©vËg Dcvq| RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

2.7 bMi `wi`ª‡`i Rb¨ mvgvwRK wbivcËvi eZ©gvb ms¯’vb

32 wRBwW

mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi we¯Í…wZi †¶‡Î MÖvg I kn‡ii gv‡S D‡jøL‡hvM¨ e¨eavb we`¨gvb| bMi GjvKvq mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi we¯Í…wZ Kg| Gi KviY n‡jv bM‡ii †P‡q MÖv‡g AwaK msL¨K `ªwi`ª gvbyl evm K‡i| Z‡e Av‡iv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© jÿ¨Yxq welq n‡jv †h we`¨gvb Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni †ewkifvM †hgb `y‡h©vM, ÎvY I Avqm„Rbg~jK Kg©KvÐ MÖvg GjvKv‡K j¶¨ K‡iB M„nxZ n‡q _v‡K| wPÎ 2.12-G MÖvg I kni GjvKvi cwievimg~‡ni g‡a¨ mvgvwRK wbivcËv myweavi AbywgZ eÈb †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni AšÍf©y³ cwiev‡ii msL¨v 2005 †_‡K 2010 mv‡ji g‡a¨ MÖvgxY GjvKvq wØMyY n‡q‡Q| bMi GjvKvq Lvbvmg~‡ni AvIZv e„w×i nvi A‡bK Kg| 2010 mv‡j †hLv‡b bMi GjvKvq gvÎ 9.4 kZvsk cwievi wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi myweav †c‡q‡Q, †mLv‡b MÖvg GjvKvq †c‡q‡Q 30.1 kZvsk cwievi| G cv_©K¨ AvÂwjK ch©v‡qI j¶¨ Kiv hvq|

hv‡nvK, mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi ¯’vwbK eÈ‡bi GKwU BwZevPK ‰ewkó¨ n‡jv GB †h, abx wefvMMywji (XvKv, PÆMÖvg I wm‡jU) †P‡q `wi`ª wefvM¸wj (ewikvj, Lyjbv, I ivRkvnx) mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPmg~n †_‡K †ewk DcKvi †c‡q _v‡K|

30.12

24.57

15.64

RvZxq

Mªvg 2005

wm‡ jU

is cyi

nx ivR kv

Lyj

5.45

9.42

X vK

13.02

PÆ Mªvg

ewi

mvgvwRK wbivcËv mnvqZv MªnYKvix Lvbv (%)

wPÎ 2.12: mvgvwRK wbivcËv mnvqZv MÖnYKvix Lvbv (%)

kni mvgwóK

2010

Mªvg

kni

Drm: Lvbv Avq-e¨q Rwic 2005, 2010|

`ywU cÖavb mvgvwRK wbivcËv †eóbx Kg©m~wPi DcKvi‡fvMxi MÖvg-kni wefvRb wel‡q mgvR †mev Awa`ßi KZ©…K msM„nxZ DcvË †_‡KI mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni eÈ‡b MÖvg-kni eëavb cÖZxqgvb nq| GKwU Kg©m~wP n‡jv eq¯‹ fvZv Kg©m~wP Ges Ab¨wU n‡jv weaev I `y¯’ bvix fvZv Kg©m~wP| G `ywUB Avevi kZ©nxb bM` mnvqZv cÖ`vbg~jK Kg©m~wP| mviwY 2.3 †_‡K cÖZxqgvb nq †h, G `ywU Kg©m~wP my¯úófv‡e MÖvg c¶cvZ`yó| hwÌ †`‡ki †gvU RbmsL¨vi cÖvq GK-Z…Zxqvsk kni GjvKvq evm K‡i Ges bMi `vwi`ªï cÖ‡Kvc GLbI A‡bK D”P (17 kZvsk), Z_vwc bMi GjvKvi RbM‡Yi GKwU ¶y`ª Ask Gme Kg©m~wPi AvIZvq i‡q‡Q| mviwY 2.3: DcKvi‡fvMx‡ì msL¨vi †ÿ‡Î MÖvg/kni wefvRb Kg©m~wPi aib eq¯‹ fvZv weaev I `y:¯’ gwnjv fvZv

RvZxq

MÖvg

kni

24,75,000

23,27,247

1,47,753

100%

94.03%

5.97%

9,20,000

9,04,502

15,498

100%

98.32%

1.68%

†Kej bMi GjvKvi Rb¨ M„nxZ mvgvwRK wbivcËvg~jK Kg©m~wPi msL¨v Lye Kg| GiKg GKwU Kg©m~wP n‡jv †Lvjv evRv‡i weµq (IGgGm) Kg©m~wP, hv bMi GjvKvi `wi`ª‡ì myjf g~‡j¨ Lv`¨ km¨ cÖ`v‡bi j‡ÿ¨ Avwki `k‡Ki cÖ_gw`‡K cÖewZ©Z nq| Avi wØZxq Kg©m~wPwU n‡jv N‡i †div Kg©m~wP| 1999 mvj †_‡K G Kg©m~wP bMi GjvKvq `ytLK‡ó emevmKix †jvK‡ì‡K FY cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g wb‡Ri MÖv‡g wd‡i hvIqvi Rb¨ DrmvwnZ Ki‡Q| MÖv‡g wM‡q Avqea©bg~jK Kg©KvÛ Kivi Rb¨ G FY †`qv nq| cwienb ev hvZvqvZ LiP I emwZ ¯’vc‡bi LiPI G F‡Yi AšÍf©y³| G Kg©m~wPi j¶¨ n‡”Q bMi `vwi`ª¨ `~ixKiY, MÖvg †_‡K kn‡i AwfMgb n«vm, Ges ch©vß cÖ‡Yv`bv `v‡bi gva¨‡g kn‡i `ytLK‡ó emevmKvix gvbyl‡ì‡K MÖv‡g †diZ cvwV‡q kn‡ii cwi‡e‡ki Dbœqb mvab| Z…Zxq Kg©m~wPwU n‡jv- wf¶ve…wË‡Z wb‡qvwRZ †jvK‡ì Rb¨ weKí Kg©ms¯’vb I cybe©vmb Kg©m~wP| 2011-12 A_©eQ‡ii ev‡R‡U G Kg©m~wPi Rb¨ 7 †KvwU UvKv eivÏ †`qv n‡jI A`¨vewa G Kg©m~wP Kvh©Kifv‡e ev¯ÍevwqZ nqwb|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

Drm: mgvR †mev Awa`ßi (wWGmGm)|

33 wRBwW

bMi `wi`ª‡`i Rb¨ Av‡iKUv we‡kl Kg©m~wP n‡jv Avievb KwgDwbwU †W‡fjc‡g›U (BDwmwW) Kg©m~wP| cÂv‡ki `kK †_‡K G Kg©m~wPi gva¨‡g kni GjvKvi cÖvwšÍK Rb‡Mvôx‡K †mev †`qv n‡”Q| bMi GjvKvq cwievi cwiKíbv †mev, `¶Zv cÖwk¶Y, eq¯‹ wk¶v Ges ¯^Kg©ms¯’v‡bi Rb¨ ¶y`ªFY cÖ`v‡bi g‡Zv enywea mnvqZv cÖ`v‡bi Kvi‡Y GwU e¨vcK cÖkswmZ n‡q‡Q (mviwY 2.4)| 2002 mvj †_‡K mviv †`‡k BDwmwWi AvIZvaxb 80wU BDwbU Kvh©iZ Av‡Q| mviwY 2.4: Avievb KwgDwbwU †W‡fjvc‡g›U (BDwmwW)-i wewfbœ Kg©m~wPi AvIZvq DcKvi‡fvMx Lvbvi msL¨v eQi

ÿz`ªFY Kg©m~wPi AvIZvq DcKvi‡fvMx cwiev‡ii msL¨v

cÖwkÿY Kg©m~wPi AvIZvq DcKvi‡fvMx cwiev‡ii msL¨v

m‡PZbZv m„wó I Ab¨vb¨ mvgvwRK Kg©Kv‡Ði AvIZvq DcKvi‡fvMx cwiev‡ii msL¨v

2009 2010 2011 2012

4,962 1,419 991 965

15,604 20,590 11,060 12,134

19,507 25,904 27,552 24,974

Drm: mgvR‡mev Awa`ßi (wWGmGm)|

mviwY 2.4 †_‡K †`Lv hvq BDwmwWÕi Kvh©µg e¨vcK cÖkswmZ n‡jI 2009 †_‡K 2012 mvj ch©šÍ ¶y`ªFY Kg©m~wPi AvIZvq DcKvi‡fvMxi msL¨v e¨vcKfv‡e n«vm †c‡q‡Q Ges GKB mgqKv‡j cÖwk¶Y MÖnYKvix Lvbvi msL¨vI n«vm †c‡q‡Q| BDwmwW Kg©m~wP QvovI mgvR‡mev Awa`ßi (wWGmGm) `jxq cÖ‡Póvi gva¨‡g kni GjvKvq emevmiZ myweavewÂZ Rb‡Mvôxi Zvr¶wYK mgm¨v mgvav‡bi j‡ÿ¨ msMwVZ Kiv Ges cÖwk¶Y, FY BZ¨vwì cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g Avqea©K Kg©KvÐ‡K mnvqZvi D‡Ï‡k¨ bZyb Kg©m~wP Pvjy K‡i| myweavewÂZ bMi RbMY we‡kl K‡i ew¯Í‡Z emevmKvixiv n‡jv G Kg©m~wPi cÖavb Uv‡M©U MÖæc| Gme Kg©m~wPi AvIZv I eiv‡Ïi cwigvY mviwY 2.5 -G †`qv n‡q‡Q| mKj ai‡bi mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wP‡Z (†emiKvwi LvZ KZ©…K A_©vwqZmn) bMi I MÖvgxY RbM‡Yi AvIZv mviwY 2.6 G †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| †gvU K_v, mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni myweav jv‡fi †¶‡Î bMi GjvKvi RbM‡Yi †P‡q MÖvg GjvKvi RbMY D‡jøL‡hvM¨fv‡e GwM‡q Av‡Q| mKj mvgvwRK wbivcËv myweavi 85 kZvsk MÖvgxY `wi`ª‡ì Kv‡Q †cŠ‡Q, Avi kni GjvKvq †m myweav †c‡q _v‡K gvÎ 15 kZvsk| bMi GjvKvi RbMY IGgGm Kg©m~wP (Pvj wewµ) †_‡K †ewk DcKvi †fvM K‡i, hv Lv`¨ fZ©ywK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| mviwY 2.5: bMi `wi`ª‡ì Rb¨ M„nxZ wewfbœ Kg©m~wPi Kfv‡iR I eivÏ

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

Kg©m~wPi bvg

34 wRBwW

Kfv‡iR (jvL Rb/gvm)

eivÏK…Z Znwej (†KvwU UvKvq)

A_©eQi 2010-11 A_©eQi 2011-12 (ms‡kvwaZ)

A_©eQi 2010-11 (ms‡kvwaZ)

A_©eQi 2011-12

kni Rb¯^v¯’¨ I cwi‡ek Kg©m~wP

15.00

112.51

kni GjvKvi `wi`ª ¯Íb¨`vqx gv‡q‡`i Rb¨ fvZv

0.68

0.78

28.50

32.60

kn‡ii Kg©Rxex wkky‡`i Rb¨ †gŠwjK wkÿv

1.36

0.61

51.00

23.00

Drm: A_© gš¿Yvjq, RvZxq ev‡RU, A_©eQi 2010-11 (ms‡kvwaZ) Ges A_©eQi 2011-12|

mviwY 2.6: ¯’vb‡f‡` mKj mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi myweavi eÈb Kg©m~wPi eY©bv

emevm GjvKv MÖvg

kni

†gvU

mKj mvgvwRK wbivcËv mKj mvgvwRK wegv (GmAvB) eq¯‹ fvZv: GmAvB

85.1 79.1 84.1 90.1 73.1 59.4 100

14.9 20.9 15.9 9.9 26.9 40.6 0

100 100 100 100 100 100 100

100 87.0 93.9 100 93.8 88.2 83 100 0

0 13.0 6.1 0 6.2 11.8 17 0 100

weaev, cwiZ¨³v I `y¯’ gwnjv fvZv: GmAvB †emiKvwi wegv: GmAvB †cbkb, MÖvPz¨BwU I cÖwf‡W›U dvÛ: GmAvB mKj kÖgevRvi Kg©m~wP (GjGg) Kv‡Ri wewbg‡q Lv`¨/bM` A_©: GjGg 100 w`‡bi Kg©m„Rb Kg©m~wP: GjGg mKj mvgvwRK mnvqZv (GmG) wRAvi/wUAvi: GmG wfwRwW/wfwRGd: GmG Dce„wË: GmG K…wl cybe©vmb: GmG e¨w³ mnvqZv: GmG Ab¨vb¨ mnvqZv: GmG †Lvjv evRv‡i weµq-IGgGm: GmG

cÖ‡hvR¨ bq

Drm: Lvbv Avq-e¨q Rwic (2010) †_‡K wnmveK…Z|

cÖ‡hvR¨ bq

100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

UxKv: cÖvB‡fU GwmmU¨vÝ Gi AšÍf©y³ n‡jv ag©xq ev SyuwK cÖkgb D‡Ï‡k¨ UvKv ev `ª‡e¨i AvKv‡i mnvqZv cÖ`vb|

2.8 Ae‡nwjZ I myweavewÂZ Rb‡Mvôxi Rb¨ we`¨gvb mvgvwRK wbivcËv 2.8.1 cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg GjvKvq emevmiZ Rb‡Mvôxi Rb¨ Kg©m~wPmg~n

2.8.2 `wjZ‡ì Rb¨ Kg©m~wP Ab¨vb¨‡ì b¨vq `wjZ cwievi¸‡jviI mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wP †_‡K DcKvi jv‡fi mgvb my‡hvM i‡q‡Q| AwaKšÍ,y `wjZ‡ì Rb¨ Ô†Rjv kn‡i myBcvi K‡jvbx wbg©vYÕ bvgK GKwU we‡kl Kg©m~wP i‡q‡Q| 2011-12 A_©eQ‡i G Lv‡Z 100 wgwjqb UvKv eivÏ †`qv nq| 2.8.3 GBPAvBwf/GBW&m AvµvšÍ‡ì Rb¨ Kg©m~wP †hme Lvbvq GBPAvBwf AvµvšÍ m`m¨ i‡q‡Q †mme Lvbv Ab¨ me Lvbvi b¨vq mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wP †_‡K myweav cvIqvi †hvM¨| GQvov miKvi Zvi ¯^v¯’¨ †KŠkj‡K GBPAvBwf/GBWm AvµvšÍ †jvK‡ì cÖ‡qvR‡bi cÖwZ AwaKZi ms‡e`bkxj I †imcbwmf Ki‡Z †Póv Ki‡Q| RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡jI miKv‡ii G cÖ‡Póv Ae¨vnZ _vK‡e|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

Ab¨vb¨ Kg©m~wP‡Z AšÍf©y³ nIqvi my‡hvMmn †`‡ki msL¨vjNy b„‡Mvôxi gvbyl‡`i D‡Ï‡k¨ wKQy Kg©m~wP i‡q‡Q| G ai‡bi 3wU cÖavb Kg©m~wP n‡jv: • cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg GjvKvq DcKvi‡fvMx‡`i Rb¨ fvZv • cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi Rb¨ Lv`¨ mnvqZv • AevOvwj cybe©vmb cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg Kg©m~wP‡Z LvbvcÖwZ M‡o 1,644 UvKvi Aby`vb cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q _v‡K| Z‡e G fvZv Kg©m~wP wel‡q we¯ÍvwiZ Z_¨ cvIqv hvqwb| AevOvwj cybe©vmb Kg©m~wPi AšÍf©y³ cÖvq 0.11 wgwjqb †jvK Ges GRb¨ 2011-12 A_©eQ‡i 170 wgwjqb UvKv eivÏ †`qv nq| Ab¨w`‡K cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg Lv`¨ mnvqZv Kg©m~wPi AšÍf©y³ i‡q‡Q 0.71 wgwjqb †jvK Ges 2011-12 A_©eQ‡i GRb¨ 2259 wgwjqb UvKv eivÏ †`qv nq |

35 wRBwW

2.8.4 cÖwZeÜx‡ì Rb¨ Kg©m~wP Am”Qj cÖwZeÜx‡ì Rb¨ cÖwZeÜx Aby`vb wn‡m‡e gv‡m 300 UvKv nv‡i cÖ`vb Kiv nq, hv gv_vwcQy wRwWwci 5.5 kZvsk Gi mgcwigvY| †bcv‡j gvivZ¥K cÖwZeÜx‡ì‡K gv_vwcQy wRwWwci 22 kZvs‡ki mgcwigvY Aby`vb †`qv nq Avi `w¶Y Avwd«Kvq Zv gv_vwcQy wRwWwci 28 kZvs‡ki mgcwigvY| myZivs evsjv‡`‡k cÖwZeÜx mnvqZv wn‡m‡e cÖ`Ë fvZv AvšÍR©vwZK gvb Abyhvqx AZ¨šÍ ¯^í| Kg©ÿg eqmx eq¯‹ cÖwZeÜx‡ì Rb¨ Kg©m~wP _vK‡jI Zv Pvwn`vi Zzjbvq AcÖZyj| cÖwZeÜx Aby`vb cÖvq 2,00,000 †jvK‡K †`qv nq hwÌ cÖwZeÜx gyw³‡hv×v‡ì RbÏ GKwU †QvU w¯‹g Av‡Q| hw` Kg©ÿg eqmx‡ì g‡a¨ Pig cÖwZeÜx 1.1 wgwjqb †jvK i‡q‡Q e‡j a‡i †bqv nq, Z‡e Kg©m~wPi AvIZv 20 kZvs‡ki bx‡P †b‡g Av‡m| wKQy we‡kl cÖwZeÜx w¯‹g n‡jv Bbw÷wUDU di AwUmwUK GÛ eøvBÛ wPj‡W«b, †mvkvwj wWRGejW G‡Wvj‡m›U Mvj©m, cÖwZeÜx †g‡q‡ìK Rb¨ cÖ‡gvkbvj †mev BZ¨vw`| 2.8.5 `vwi‡`ª¨ wbcwZZ bvix‡ì Rb¨ mywbw`©ó jÿ¨wfwËK Kg©m~wP mgv‡R bvix‡ì AmyweavRbK Ae¯’v‡bi wel‡q miKvi we‡klfv‡e m‡PZb| d‡j e„nËi mgvR Dbœqb KvVv‡gvi †cÖw¶‡Z Amyweavi Drm mg~n eÜ Kivi j‡¶¨ A‡bK¸‡jv wbqš¿Yg~jK I BwZevPK c`‡ÿ‡ci bxwZgvjv cÖYqb QvovI `wi`ª bvix‡ì mnvqZv Ki‡Z †ekwKQy we‡kl mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wP M„nxZ n‡q‡Q| GmKj Kg©m~wP I cÖ`Ë eivÏ mviwY 2.7 -G †`Lv‡bv n‡jv| me‡P‡q MyiyZ¡c~Y© Kg©m~wP nj 1998 mv‡j Pvjy nIqv weaev I `yt¯’ gwnjv‡ì Rb¨ fvZv Kg©m~wP| G Kg©m~wPi Rb¨ cÖviw¤¢K ev‡RU wQj 125 wgwjqb UvKv, DcKvi‡fvMxi msL¨v wQj 0.1 wgwjqb Ges gvwmK fvZvi cwigvY wQj 100 UvKv| G Kg©m~wPi ev‡RU, DcKvi‡fvMxi msL¨v I fvZvi cwigvY av‡c av‡c †e‡o 2012 A_©eQ‡i h_vµ‡g 3312 wgwjqb UvKv, 0.92 wgwjqb Rb I 300 UvKv n‡q‡Q (mviwY 2.7)| Kg©m~wPi AvIZv e„w× m‡Ë¡I fvZv †c‡Z wKQy gvb`Ð ev kZ© c~iY Ki‡Z nq| miKvwi †cbkb‡fvMx, wfwRwW KvW©avix, miKvi †_‡K wbqwgZ Aby`vb ev fvZv MÖnxZv Ges †emiKvwi ms¯’v †_‡K wbqwgZ Aby`vb ev fvZv MÖnxZv G fvZv cvIqvi †hvM¨ bq| mviwY 2.7: bvix jwÿ¨Z wewfbœ Kg©m~wPi Kfv‡iR I eivÏ Kfv‡iR (jvL Rb/gvm)

eivÏ (†KvwU UvKvq)

A_©eQi 2011 (ms‡kvwaZ)

A_©eQi 2012

A_©eQi 2011 (ms‡kvwaZ)

A_©eQi 2012

weaev, cwiZ¨³v I `yt¯’ gwnjv fvZv

9.20

331.20

gvZ…¯^v¯’¨ fvDPvi w¯‹g

1.79

2.44

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RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

Drm: A_© gš¿Yvjq, RvZxq ev‡RU, A_©eQi 2010-11 (ms‡kvwaZ) Ges A_©eQi 2011-12|

36 wRBwW

gvZ…g„Zz¨ nvi n«v‡mi GgwWwR AR©‡b gvZ…¯^v¯’¨ fvDPvi w¯‹g Pvjy Kiv nq| G w¯‹‡gi AvIZvq wKQy mywbw`©ó †mev Kª‡q jÿ¨fz³ Rb‡Mvôx‡K m¶g Ki‡Z fZ©ywK cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q _v‡K| G w¯‹‡gi mvwe©K j¶¨ n‡”Q gvZ…¯^v¯’¨ m¤ú‡K© m‡PZbZv e„w×, `wi`ª Mf©eZx gwnjv‡ì g‡a¨ gvZ…¯^v¯’¨ †mevi Pvwn`v m„wó Ges nvmcvZvj ev ¯^v¯’¨‡K‡›`ª mšÍvb cÖm‡ei nvi e„w×i gva¨‡g gvZ…g„Zz¨ I beRvZK g„Zzï nvi n«vm Kiv| G w¯‹g cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q †`‡ki 21wU †Rjvi 21wU Dc‡Rjvq ïiæ n‡jI cieZ©x‡Z AviI 53wU Dc‡Rjvq m¤cÖmvwiZ n‡q‡Q| G Kg©m~wP‡Z (MHVS) miKvi I Dbœqb mn‡hvMxiv A_©vqb K‡i _v‡K| G w¯‹‡gi j¶¨ n‡”Q cÖwZ eQi 1,74,000 Rb Mf©eZx gwnjv‡K †mev cÖ`vb Kiv| G w¯‹‡gi myweav‡fvMx‡ì Aek¨B `wi`ª I `yt¯’ Mf©eZx gwnjv n‡Z n‡e, f~wgnxb n‡Z n‡e, Lvbv cÖwZ gvwmK Avq 2,500 UvKvi Kg I AwbqwgZ n‡Z n‡e Ges Drcv`bg~jK m¤ú` †bB Ggb gwnjv n‡Z n‡e|

G w¯‹‡gi Dcv`vb¸‡jv n‡jv: wZbwU cÖmec~e© wfwRU, wbivc` cÖme, mšÍvb cÖm‡ei 6 mßv‡ni g‡a¨ GKwU cÖme cieZ©x wfwRU, Mf©Kvjxb RwUjZv m¤úwK©Z †mev cÖ`vb, cÖvwZôvwbK †mevi Rb¨ 500 UvKv cwienb e¨q cÖ`vb, †Rjv nvmcvZv‡j †idv‡i‡ji Rb¨ 500 UvKv ch©šÍ Ges `¶ ¯^v¯’¨ Kg©xi Øviv mšÍvb cÖme n‡j gv‡K bM` 2,000 UvKv cÖ`vb| wba©vwiZ †mev cÖ`vbKvix Ges miKvwi I †emiKvwi LvZ I GbwRImg~n †_‡K mywbw`©ó I we‡klvwqZ †mev cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q _v‡K| `wi`ª ¯Íb¨`vqx gv‡q‡ì Rb¨ gvZ…Z¡ fvZv Kg©m~wPi wcQ‡b cÖavb hyw³ n‡jv GB †h, my¯’ gv gv‡b my¯’ wkky| kni GjvKvi AwZ`wi`ª I Kg©Rxex ¯Íb¨`vqx gv‡q‡ì Rb¨ 300 wgwjqb UvKv eivÏ Kiv QvovI `wi`ª ¯Íb¨`vqx gv‡q‡ì Rb¨ 430.6 wgwjqb UvKv (c~e©eZ©x eQ‡ii †P‡q 100 wgwjqb UvKv †ewk) eivÏ †`qv nq|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

evsjv‡`‡k wewfbœ ai‡bi mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wP i‡q‡Q hvi A‡bK¸‡jv RxebPµ KvVv‡gvwfwËK| RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡j GmKj mdjZv‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q weivRgvb cÖwZeÜKZv I P¨v‡jÄ †gvKv‡ejv I `~ixKi‡Yi †Póv Kiv n‡e|

37 wRBwW

Aa¨vq 3

mvgvwRK wbivcËv welqK AvšÍR©vwZK Kg©KvÐ

Aa¨vq 3

mvgvwRK wbivcËv welqK AvšÍR©vwZK Kg©KvÐ

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3.2 D”P I ga¨g Av‡qi †`kMywj‡Z mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi MVb I aib wewfbœ †`‡k mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’v M‡o IVvi cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q mvaviYZ AwZ`wi`ª cwievimg~n‡K j¶¨ K‡i Kg©m~wP MÖnY Kiv n‡Zv hv wQj A‡bKUv Ebwesk kZvãxi cÖ_g w`‡K BD‡iv‡c Abym„Z ÔcyIi wiwjdÕ g‡Wj Gi g‡Zv| Z‡e mgq-cwiµgvq mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’v cwiYZ n‡q‡Q Ges ax‡i ax‡i †m¸‡jv `vwi‡`ªï KviY Ges RxebP‡µi wewfbœ ch©v‡q weivRgvb SyuwK I P¨v‡jÄ †gvKv‡ejvi D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖYxZ n‡q‡Q| D”P Av‡qi †`k¸‡jv‡Z mvgvwRK wbivcËv Lv‡Z wewb‡qv‡Mi e„nr Ask eq¯‹, cÖwZeÜx, wkky, weaev I †eKvi ev Kg©nxb Rb‡Mvôx‡K j¶¨ K‡iB Kiv n‡q _v‡K| mvgvwRK wbivcËv wewb‡qv‡Mi GKwU ¶y`ª AskgvÎ mvaviY `wi`ª‡ì ÎvY Kvh©µ‡gi Rb¨ ivLv nq| wPÎ 3.1 G wewfbœ D”P Av‡qi †`‡ki wewfbœ RxebPµwfwËK Kg©m~wP‡Z e¨‡qi cwigvY †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q|

9 GB Aa¨vqwU e¨vKMÖvDÛ M‡elYv cÖwZ‡e`‡bi †ccvi b¤^i 9-Gi mshyw³ 1 Gi Dci wfwË K‡i iwPZ| D³ e¨vKMÖvDÛ M‡elYv cÖwZ‡e`‡b we¯ÍvwiZ we‡kølY Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges M‡elYvi cwic~Y© ZvwjKv wea„Z n‡q‡Q|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

RxebPµwfwËK mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi w`‡K avweZ nIqvi †¶‡Î A‡bK Dbœqbkxj †`‡k GKB ai‡bi cÖwµqv AbymiY Kiv n‡”Q| mvaviYfv‡e Gme †`k ïiæ‡Z eq¯‹ †cbkb eë¯’v‡K AMÖvwaKvi w`‡q _v‡K| Zvici ch©vqµ‡g Zviv cÖwZeÜx, wkky Ges mgq mgq weaev I GKvwK gwnjv‡ì mvgvwRK wbivcËvi Rb¨ Kg©m~wP MÖnY K‡i| e¯‘Z, eq¯‹‡ì Rb¨ †cbkb Dbœqbkxj †`‡ki miKvwi A_©vq‡b cwiPvwjZ me©e„nr mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wP| †gw·‡Kv I BKz‡qW‡ii gZ wKQy Dbœqbkxj †`k Avwk I beŸB `k‡Ki cÖ_gw`‡K `wi`ª‡ì Rb¨ ÎvY Kg©m~wP cÖwZôvi Dci †Rvi w`‡jI cÖv_wgKfv‡e eq¯‹ †cbkb Kg©m~wP cÖwZôvi gva¨‡g Zviv GLb RxebPµwfwËK Kg©m~wP Pvjy Kivi w`‡K AMÖmi n‡”Q|

38 wRBwW

20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0

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wRwWwci kZKiv Ask

wPÎ 3.1: KwZcq wbe©vwPZ D”P Av‡qi †`‡k mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi e¨q

Drm: IBwmwW †mvkvj G·‡cwÛPvi WvUv‡eR

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RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

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39 wRBwW

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wPÎ 3.2: `w¶Y Avwd«Kvi RxebPµwfwËK mvgvwRK wbivcËv e¨e¯’v • wkï mnvqZv Aby`vb

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• c«wZcvjb wkï mnvqZv

12,000,000

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RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

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40 wRBwW

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RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

kªgevRvi mnvqZv

42 wRBwW

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3.6 mvgvwRK wbivcËv w¯‹gmg~‡ni cÖkvmb I e¨e¯’vcbv kw³kvjxKiY

43 wRBwW

mv¤cÖwZK eQiMywj‡Z Dbœqbkxj †`kMywj mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni cÖkvmb I eë¯’vcbv c×wZ kw³kvjxKi‡Yi Dci e¨vcK MyiæZ¡v‡ivc Ki‡Q| Kg©m~wPi cÖkvmb I eë¯’vcbv kw³kvjx n‡j GKw`‡K †hgb Kg©m~wPMywji `¶Zv I Kvh©KvwiZv e„w× cv‡e Ab¨w`‡K †ZgbB Znwej SyuwKI n«vm cv‡e| mvaviYZ wZbwU cÖavb †¶‡Î DbœwZ mva‡bi Dci `„wó cÖ`vb Kiv nq: Kg©x‡ì/÷vd‡ì I cÖwZôvbmg~‡ni †ckv`vwiKiY, Z_¨ eë¯’vcbv c×wZi Dbœqb; Ges DcKvi‡fvMx‡ì Kv‡Q Aby`vb †cŠQv‡bv| 3.6.1 ÷vd I cÖwZôvbmg~‡ni †ckv`vwiZ¡KiY †h †Kv‡bv Kg©m~wPi mdjZv wba©vi‡Y Ab¨Zg MyiyZ¡c~Y© Dcv`vb n‡jv ÷vd I cÖwZôvbmg~‡ni †ckv`vwiZ¡| e„nr mvgvwRK Kg©m~wPmg~n we‡kl K‡i ¯’vbxq ch©v‡q, cÖvqkB Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Kv‡R B‡Zvg‡a¨ wb‡qvwRZ Ggb ÷vd Øviv cwiPvwjZ n‡q _v‡K| GB c×wZi bvbvwea Kzdj i‡q‡Q| Ggb ÷vd cÖvqkB AcÖwkw¶Z n‡q _v‡K Ges `¶fv‡e Zv‡ì KvR m¤úv`b Ki‡Z cv‡i bv; Re †Wmwµck‡b D‡jøL †bB Ggb KvR Zv‡ì‡K †`qv nq Ges Zviv Zv cQ›` K‡i bv| mvgvwRK wbivcËvg~jK Kg©m~wPmg~n cwiPvjbvi evowZ `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi Kvi‡Y Zv‡ì Kv‡Ri †evSv e„w× cvq Ges Zv‡ì cÖavb `vwqZ¡vejx msKzwPZ n‡q hvevi d‡j Zviv Zv mwVKfv‡e m¤úv`b Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| d‡j w¯‹gmg~n †hgb ¶wZMÖ¯Í nq †Zgwb †m¸‡jv e¨_©Zvq ch©ewmZ nevi SyuwK‡Z †_‡K hvq| we‡klvwqZ cÖwZôvb ¯’vcb K‡i Ges mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wP cwiPvjbvq †ckv`vi ÷vd wbhyw³i gva¨‡g wewfbœ †`k wewfbœ c×wZ AbymiY K‡i| `w¶Y Avwd«Kvq mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi `vwqZ¡ mgvR Dbœqb gš¿Yvj‡qi Dci b¨v¯Í n‡jI w¯‹‡gi cÖK…Z †Wwjfvixi `vwqZ¡ Avav-¯^vqËkvwmZ mvgvwRK wbivcËv G‡RwÝi (GmGGmGmG) Dci b¨v¯Í hv mgvR Dbœqb gš¿Yvj‡qi Kv‡QB Revew`wn K‡i| GmGGmGmG-Gi mKj ¯Í‡i †ckv`vi ÷vd wbhy³ Kiv n‡q _v‡K, GgbwK ¯’vbxq ch©v‡qi Awd‡mI hviv Av‡e`bKvix I DcKvi‡fvMx‡ì welq †`Lfvj K‡i| j¨vwUb Av‡gwiKvi †`k¸‡jv‡Z, GgbwK DMvÛv‡ZI A‡bK w¯‹gB GKwbô †ckv`vi ÷vd‡ì w`‡q cwiPvwjZ nq| mvaviY eq¯‹ †cbkb w¯‹gI ev¯ÍevwqZ nq RvZxq I ¯’vbxq ch©v‡qi we‡klvwqZ Kg©x‡ì Øviv| Kg©Zrci gš¿Yvjq I ÷v‡di Dcw¯’wZ mvgvwRK wbicËv w¯‹gmg~n cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ A‡bK myweavRbK| G‡Z K‡i w¯‹g¸‡jv AwaKZi `¶Zvi mv‡_ cwiPvwjZ nq Ges ÷vdiv Kg gvÎvq `yb©xwZcivqY nq I e¨w³MZ jv‡fi Rb¨ DcKvix‡fvMx wbe©vPb c×wZ‡Z †Kv‡bv e¨Z¨q NUvqbv| mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPmg~n cwiPvjbvq †ckv`vwi‡Z¡i gv‡b n‡jv we‡klvwqZ I D”P cÖwkw¶Z ÷vd mgwš^Z DbœZ I AvaywbK cÖkvmb eë¯’v, hv cÖeZ©b Kiv AZ¨šÍ Riæwi| GQvov GwU w¯‹gmg~‡ni `¶Zv evovq, hv cieZ©x Aby‡”Q‡` Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| 3.6.2 Z_¨ eë¯’vcbvq I Kg©m~wPi cwiex¶‡Y bZyb cÖhyw³i eënvi mv¤cÖwZK eQiMywj‡Z w¯‹gmg~‡ni eë¯’vcbvi Dbœq‡bi †ÿ‡Î, we‡kl K‡i AvaywbK GgAvBGm cÖeZ©‡bi gva¨‡g bZyb cÖhyw³i myweav MÖn‡Y wewfbœ †`k MyiæZ¡ w`‡”Q| mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni cÖkvm‡b bZyb cÖhyw³ cÖeZ©‡bi h‡_ó my‡hvM i‡q‡Q, hv Kg©m~wPi eë¯’vcbv QvovI Kg©m~wP cwiex¶Y eë¯’viI D‡jøL‡hvM¨ DbœwZ mvab Ki‡Z cv‡i| gvSvwi Av‡qi A‡bK †`k eûw`b a‡iB AvaywbK Z_¨ eë¯’vcbv cÖhyw³ eënvi K‡i Avm‡Q| D`vniY¯îƒc `w¶Y Avwd«Kvi GKwU AvaywbK wm‡÷g i‡q‡Q, hvi AvIZvq ¯’vbxq ch©v‡q Z_¨ cÖ‡e‡ki ci Zv Zvr¶wYKfv‡e mvgvwRK wbivcËv G‡RwÝ‡Z †cÖiY Kiv nq|

`w¶Y Avwd«Kvq wewfbœ ai‡bi mvgvwRK wbivcËvg~jK Kg©m~wP _vK‡jI cÖwZwU Kg©m~wPi GgAvBGm G‡K Ac‡ii mv‡_ GgbwK U¨v· †iKW© wm‡÷‡gi mv‡_I mshy³ n‡Z cv‡i| d‡j Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni AMÖMwZ I cvidi‡gÝ †hgb cwiex¶Y Kiv hvq †Zgwb RvwjqvwZI Kgv‡bv hvq| hv‡nvK, A‡bK wbgœ Av‡qi †`k AvaywbK GgAvBGm c×wZ Pvjy Ki‡Q Ges ¯’vbxq KwgDwbwU I †Rjv ch©vq †_‡K RvZxq ch©v‡qi Awd‡m Z_¨ †cÖiY Ki‡Z †gvevBj †dvb †bUIqv‡K©i myweav MÖnY Ki‡Q| m¤cÖwZ †Kwbqv GKwU GKK †iwRw÷« wm‡÷g cÖwZóv K‡i‡Q hv Gi mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni cÖwZwU‡Z Awfbœ GgAvBGm mdUIq¨vi eënvi K‡i kÖg, mvgvwRK wbivcËv I mgvR‡mev gš¿Yvj‡q Aew¯’Z †K›`ªxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv mwPevjq‡K gwbUwis msµvšÍ Z_¨ cÖ`vb K‡i‡Q| e¯‘Z GgAvBGm n‡”Q I‡qewfwËK GKwU wm‡÷g hv‡Z ¯’vbxq ch©v‡q Z_¨ msMÖn I Z_¨ AšÍf©yw³i my‡hvM _v‡K Ges G Z‡_ï wbivcËvq K‡Vvi wbivcËv cÖ‡UvKj mshy³ _v‡K| 3.6.3 myweav‡fvMx‡ì mnvqZv cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ Avw_©Kfv‡e AšÍf©yw³g~jK eë¯’v cÖwZôv

mv¤cÖwZKKv‡j wKQy †`k Avw_©Kfv‡e AšÍf©yw³g~jK †c‡g›U eë¯’vi †¶‡Î D‡jøL‡hvM¨ AMÖMwZ AR©b K‡i‡Q| eªvwR‡j g~javivi e¨vsK wnmv‡ei gva¨‡g †evjmv d¨v‡gwjqv Kg©m~wPi myweav‡fvMx‡ì †c‡g›U cÖ`v‡bi nvi 2009 mv‡ji 2 kZvsk †_‡K †e‡o wM‡q 2011 mv‡j 15 kZvs‡k `vwo‡q‡Q| †gw·‡Kvi AciPzwb‡WBWm Kg©m~wP‡Z e¨vsK GKvD‡›Ui gva¨‡g A_© cÖ`v‡bi nvi 2006 †_‡K 2011 mv‡ji g‡a¨ 25 kZvsk †_‡K †e‡o 34 kZvs‡k DcbxZ n‡q‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K, `w¶Y Avwd«Kvq 2007 I 2011 mv‡ji g‡a¨ Zv 28 †_‡K 59 kZvs‡k DcbxZ n‡q‡Q| AwaKšÍ,y eªvwR‡j †c‡g‡›Ui 99 kZvsk Ges `w¶Y Avwd«Kvq kZfvM †c‡g›U e¨vsK wnmv‡ei gva¨‡g n‡q _v‡K| G‡¶‡Î AMÖMwZ †Kej gvSvwi Av‡qi †`‡kB mxgve× bq| `w¶Y †Kwbqvi GKwU `yM©g GjvKvq nv½vi †mdwU †bU bvgK Kg©m~wP‡Z mKj myweav‡fvMxi Rb¨ cÖ_vMZ e¨vsK GKvD›U †Lvjv n‡”Q, GQvov †hLv‡b ¯’vbxq e¨vsK G‡R›U, †`vKvb I Ab¨vb¨ ÿz`ª eëmv cÖwZôv‡bi gva¨‡g mvgvwRK wbicËv Kg©m~wPi A_© myweav cÖvwßi my‡hvMI ivLv n‡”Q| bM` A_© mnvqZv cÖ`v‡b g~javivi e¨vsK GKvD›U eënvi Ki‡j A_© cÖ`vb msµvšÍ eq ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB n«vm cvq| eªvwR‡j A_© cÖ`v‡b cÖ_vMZ e¨vsK GKvD›U eë¯’v eënvi Kivi d‡j †c‡g›U cÖwZ LiP 0.88 gvwK©b Wjvi †_‡K K‡g 0.60 gvwK©b Wjvi n‡q‡Q| `w¶Y Avwd«Kvi †¶‡Î †c‡g›U LiP D‡jøL‡hvM¨ nv‡i K‡g 4.46 gvwK©b Wjvi †_‡K 2.03 gvwK©b Wjv‡i n«vm †c‡q‡Q| †c‡g›U †mev cÖ`vbKvix‡ì wb‡qv‡Mi cÖwµqv †`k †f‡` wfbœ nq: eªvwR‡j †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki (Caixa Economica Federal) gva¨‡g Kiv nq Ges `w¶Y Avwd«Kv I †Kwbqvq †emiKvwi Lv‡Zi Rb¨ Db¥y³ ìcÎ cÖwµqv AbymiY Kiv nq| AwaKšÍ,y †c‡g‡›Ui mvwe©K `vwqZ¡ mvgvwRK wbivcËvi Rb¨ `vwqZ¡kxj G‡RwÝmg~‡ni Dci eZ©vq bv| eªvwR‡j †c‡g›U cÖwµqv †`Lfvj K‡i †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Ges †gw·‡Kv I `w¶Y Avwd«Kvq Zv K‡i †`kwUi A_© gš¿Yvjq| hv‡nvK, mvgvwRK wbivcËv gš¿Yvjq I G‡RwÝmg~‡ni g‡a¨ wbweo †hvMv‡hvM _v‡K, †Kbbv Zv‡ì‡K †c‡g›U †mev cÖ`vbKvix‡ì‡K Kg©m~wPi DcKvi‡fvMx m¤úwK©Z nvjbvMv` ZvwjKv cÖ`vb Ki‡Z nq Ges Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni mvwe©K `vwqZ¡I gš¿Yvj‡qi Dc‡iB eZ©vq | AvšÍR©vwZK AwfÁZv †_‡K †`Lv hvq, `vwi`ª¨ †gvKv‡ejvq I A_©‰bwZK cÖe„w× Z¡ivwš^ZKi‡Y mvgvwRK wbivcËv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i| mvgvwRK wbivcËv Lv‡Z evsjv‡`k eZ©gv‡b †h wewb‡qvM Ki‡Q Zvi `¶Zv I Kvh©KvwiZv Kxfv‡e evov‡bv hvq †m wel‡q Ab¨vb¨ †`‡ki AwfÁZv †_‡K A‡bK wk¶Yxq welq i‡q‡Q| G‡¶‡Î wZbwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wk¶Yxq n‡jv: mvgvwRK wbivcËvi †¶‡Î RxebPµ c×wZ MÖnY Kiv; miKvwi e¨‡q A_©vwqZ Kg©m~wP

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

mv¤cÖwZKKv‡j Dbœqbkxj †`k¸‡jv‡Z GKwU bZyb D™¢veb n‡jv myweav‡fvMx‡ì Aby`vb cÖ`v‡b bZyb cÖhyw³i eënvi Ges †m¸‡jv‡K Avw_©Kfv‡e AwaKZi AšÍf©yw³g~jK Kiv| myweav‡fvMx‡ì nv‡Z Aby`vb cÖ`v‡bi †¶‡Î Kg©KZ©v I †c‡g›U G‡R›U‡ì Øviv nqivwbi h‡_ó my‡hvM _v‡K Ges A_© cÖ`vb msµvšÍ e¨q Zyjbvg~jKfv‡e †ewk n‡q _v‡K| e¯ÍyZ, Dbœqbkxj †`kMywj‡Z UªvÝdvi Li‡Pi 4 †_‡K 25 kZvsk AcPq n‡q _v‡K e‡j wnmve Kiv n‡q‡Q| bM` A_© mnvqZv AvaywbK Dcv‡q, †hgb e¨vsK ev †gvevBj †dvb Acv‡iUi‡ì gva¨‡g cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cvi‡j †Wwjfvixi wbivcËv e„w× cvq Ges ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB ¯’vbxq ch©v‡qi Kg©KZ©viv Zv‡ì myweav‡_© †c‡g›U cÖwµqv‡K Ab¨vqfv‡e wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z m¶g nq bv| †`Lv †M‡Q, B‡jKUªwbK Dcv‡q A_© cÖ`v‡bi †¶‡Î wj‡K‡Ri cwigvY 1 †_‡K 5 kZvsk n‡q _v‡K| Av‡iKUv weKí n‡Z cv‡i e¨vsK wnmv‡ei gva¨‡g mnvqZv cÖ`vb Kiv hv‡Z myweav‡fvMxiv Avw_©K †mev cÖ`vbKvix‡ì cÖ_vMZ MÖvnK wnmv‡e Ab¨vb¨ e¨vwKs †mev, †hgb FY I wegv myweav, cÖvwßi my‡hvM †c‡Z cv‡i|

44 wRBwW

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

Ges Kw›U«weDUwi A‡_© A_©vwqZ Kg©m~wPi g‡a¨ h_vh_ fvimvg¨ ¯’vcb; Ges h_vh_ I mwVK cwiKíbv, mgš^q, Dchy³ ÷vwds, myweav‡fvMx wPwýZKi‡Yi h‡_vchy³ c×wZ Aej¤^b Ges GgAvBGm I †c‡g‡›Ui †¶‡Î cÖhyw³i eënvi BZ¨vwì gva¨‡g cÖkvmwbK Dbœqb mvab| cieZ©x K‡qKwU Aa¨v‡q RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj †`kxq I AvšÍR©vwZK AwfÁZv †_‡K cÖvß Ávb I aviYvi wfwË‡Z eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges †mme Ávb I aviYv evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ¯ÍvweZ ms¯‹v‡ii †¶‡Î eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`k‡K GKwU Kj¨vY iv‡óª cwiYZ Kivi Rb¨ my`„p ivR‰bwZK A½xKv‡ii cvkvcvwk evsjv‡`k msjvc I AwfÁZvi Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g we‡k¦i mdj Kj¨vYg~jK ivóªmg~‡ni AwfÁZv †_‡K wkÿv MÖnY Kiv Ae¨vnZ ivL‡e|

45 wRBwW

Aa¨vq 4

mvgvwRK wbivcËvi †KŠkjMZ aviYv I cÖ¯Ívebv

Aa¨vq 4

mvgvwRK wbivcËvi †KŠkjMZ aviYv I cÖ¯Ívebv 4.1 f~wgKv c~e©eZ©x Aa¨vqmg~‡n D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, evsjv‡`‡ki eZ©gvb RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’v bvbvwea P¨v‡j‡Äi m¤§yLxb| RvZxq ev‡R‡Ui GKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ask G Lv‡Z e¨q Kiv n‡jI Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni cÖK…Z cÖfve cÖZ¨vkvi †P‡q A‡bK Kg| G Ae¯’v wbim‡b mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wP‡Z e¨wqZ A‡_©i `¶Zv I Kvh©KvwiZv e„w× Ki‡Z miKvi cÖwZkÖæwZe×| Gi gva¨‡g miKvi †`‡ki AwZ`wi`ª I me©vwaK SzuwKMÖ¯Í bvMwiK‡ì‡K b~¨bZg Av‡qi wbðqZv cÖ`vb Ki‡Z Pvq; GKB mv‡_ myiw¶Z ivL‡Z Pvq `vwi‡`ª wbcwZZ nIqvi SzuwK‡Z _vKv Rb‡Mvôx‡K| evsjv‡`k Lye kxNªB ga¨g Av‡qi †`‡k DbœxZ nevi ¯^cœ †`‡L| eZ©gvb mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi ms¯‹vi mva‡bi gva¨‡g ga¨g Av‡qi †`‡ki Dc‡hvMx Ki‡Z A‡bK mg‡qi cÖ‡qvRb; GgbwK AvMvgx cvuP eQiI Gi Rb¨ h‡_ó bq| G Aa¨v‡q mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj ev¯Íevq‡bi Kg©c×wZi Dci Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gme †KŠk‡ji mwVK cÖ‡qv‡Mi d‡j AvMvgx cvuP eQi ci †`‡ki mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’v GKwU `„p wfwËi Dci †cÖvw_Z n‡e Ges G Lv‡Zi Av‡iv `xN©‡gqvw` j¶¨ I iƒcKí AR©‡bi c‡_ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ AMÖMwZ mvwaZ n‡e| we`¨gvb mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vq B‡Zvg‡a¨ †hme BwZevPK cwieZ©b mvwaZ n‡q‡Q, Zvi Dci wfwË K‡iB cÖ¯ÍvweZ mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkjwU cÖYxZ n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g I wØZxq Aa¨v‡q D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, beŸB `k‡Ki ci †_‡K evsjv‡`‡ki mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’v µgk RxebPµwfwËK c×wZ‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡”Q †hgbwU c„w_exi A‡bK ga¨g I D”P Av‡qi †`‡k cwijwÿZ nq| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q †`Lv †M‡Q, cÖPwjZ mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vq we‡klZ eq¯‹ Rb‡Mvwô I Kg eqmx wkky‡ì Rb¨ M„nxZ Kg©m~wPmg~‡n A‡bK MyiæZ¡i NvUwZ i‡q‡Q| GQvov †Kv‡bv Kg©m~wPiB DcKvi‡fvMxi msL¨v Ges mnvqZvi cwigvY GLbI ch©šÍ ch©vß bq|

cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q †hgbUv ejv n‡q‡Q, mvgvwRK wbivcËv GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© miKvwi †mev n‡jI G‡K †mev Kvh©µ‡g wewb‡qv‡Mi cwic~iK wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e (wPÎ 4.1)| myZivs, ¯^v¯’¨, wk¶v, mvgvwRK cwi‡lev Ges cvwb I m¨vwb‡Uk‡bi g‡Zv Ab¨vb¨ †mevi gvb µgvš^‡q e„w× Ki‡Z n‡j Ges †`‡ki mKj bvMwi‡Ki Rb¨ GmKj †mevi mydj †fv‡Mi my‡hvM wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡j mvgvwRK wbivcËvq wewb‡qvM Kivi cvkvcvwk miKvi‡K GmKj Lv‡ZI wewb‡qvM Ae¨vnZ ivL‡Z n‡e| Ggb cwic~iK †mevi GKwU D`vniY n‡jv †`‡ki mKj cwiev‡ii ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖvwßi Dcvq wn‡m‡e ¯^v¯’¨wegv cÖeZ©‡b miKv‡ii cÖwZkÖæwZ| GwU mvgvwRK wbivcËvq M„nxZ D‡`¨vMmg~‡ni GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© mnvqK|

wPÎ 4.1: miKv‡ii e„nËi mvgvwRK Dbœqb bxwZ wfwËK mnvqZvi †K‡›`ª cwievi I e¨w³ ¯^v¯’¨ M…nvqb

wk¶v e¨w³ I cwievi

mvgvwRK cªhZœ cwi‡mev mvgvwRK wbivcËv

kªgevRvi bxwZ

cvwb I cqtwb®‹vkb

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

cÖ¯ÍvweZ mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj RxebPµ e¨e¯’vq iƒcvšÍ‡ii cÖwµqv‡K †Rviv‡jv I msnZ Ki‡e| G †KŠk‡ji cÖv_wgK Kvh©µg n‡e eZ©gv‡bi AmsL¨ Kg©m~wP‡K ¯^ímsL¨K AMÖvwaKviwfwËK Kg©m~wP‡Z GKxf‚Z Kiv| AwaKmsL¨K `wi`ª I bvRyK Rb‡Mvôxi AšÍf©zw³i gva¨‡g mvgvwRK wbivcËv e¨e¯’v‡K AviI AšÍf©zw³g~jK KivB n‡e Gi g~j D‡Ïk¨| ch©vqµ‡g AMÖvwaKviwfwËK Kg©m~wPmg~‡n myweav‡fvMxi msL¨v µgk e„w× Ges evQvB cÖwµqvq `wi`ª I `vwi‡`ª¨ wbcwZZ nevi SzuwK‡Z _vKv Rb‡Mvôxi AwaKZi AšÍf©zw³ wbwðZ Kivi gva¨‡g G j¶¨ AwR©Z n‡e|

46 wRBwW

Kg©ms¯’vb m„wó n‡jv `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvP‡bi m‡e©vrK…ó Dcvq| GRb¨ miKvi Ggbfv‡e mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi ms¯‹vi mvab Ki‡e hv‡Z cwievi¸‡jv kÖgevRv‡ii mv‡_ wbwewofv‡e m¤c„³ n‡Z cv‡i| Gme D‡`¨vM mvaviYfv‡e 'DËiY' (MÖ¨vRy‡qkb) bv‡g AwfwnZ nq| Z‡e G Aa¨v‡q Gme D‡`¨vM‡K 'cwic~iK kÖgevRvi D‡`¨vM' e‡j AwfwnZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q †hgbwU †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q, wewfbœ mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi gva¨‡g DËiY NUv‡bv m‡Ë¡I cwieviMywj hw` `wi`ª †_‡K hvq Zvn‡j Zv kÖgevRvi Kg©Kv‡Ð wewb‡qvM‡K †UKmB n‡Z †`q bv| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q mvgvwRK wbivcËv Lv‡Z AbymiYxq mdj AvšÍR©vwZK `„óvšÍmg~‡ni ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gme D`vniY AbymiY K‡i RxebPµwfwËK mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi w`‡K evsjv‡`‡ki eZ©gvb AwfMgb‡K msnZ Kivi Dcvq m¤c‡K© G Aa¨v‡q Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| GQvov G Aa¨v‡q Rb¥ †_‡K g„Zy¨ ch©šÍ RxebPµKv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki bvMwiK‡ì hv cÖ‡qvRb Zvi cÖwZweav‡bi c`‡¶c ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| Av‡jvwPZ cÖ¯ÍveMywji †ewkifvMB Pjgvb Kg©m~wPmg~n‡K kw³kvjx Ki‡e Ges MZ `yB `k‡K †hme c`‡¶c MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q †m¸‡jvi mnvqK wn‡m‡e f‚wgKv ivL‡e| G Aa¨v‡q Ab¨vb¨ weKvkgvb P¨v‡jÄ I SzuwKmg~n Ges GMywj †gvKv‡ejv Kivi †KŠkjmg~n eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q | G‡ì g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ n‡jv bMivqY I `y‡h©vMRwbZ P¨v‡jÄ I SzuwK| Z‡e Av‡jvP¨ †KŠk‡j †Kej mvgvwRK wbivcËv Lv‡Zi AvIZvq c‡o Ggb D‡`¨vMmg~n AšÍ©fz³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| RxebPµ eë¯’vq M„nxZ Kg©m~wPmg~n I mswkøó DcKvi‡fvMx‡ì cvi¯cwiK AvšÍtm¤cK© ïiæ‡ZB Abyaveb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| D`vniY¯î~c, wkkyiv †Kej cÖZ¨¶ Aby`vb mnvqZv †_‡KB DcK…Z nq bv, eis wkky Zv‡ì‡K c‡iv¶ mnvqZv w`‡q _v‡K Ggb Ab¨vb¨ A‡bK D‡`¨vMI cÖZ¨ÿ mnvqZvi cwic~iK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| †hgb, eq¯‹ fvZv I cÖwZeÜx fvZv Ges Ab¨vb¨ Kg©m~wP †h¸‡jv wkkyi wcZv-gvZv‡K kÖgevRv‡ii mv‡_ Kvh©Kifv‡e m¤c„³ Kivi gva¨‡g wbwðZ Av‡qi eë¯’v K‡i †m¸‡jvi mydjI wkkyiv †fvM K‡i| myZivs GKwU Kvh©Ki AemiKvjxb fvZv (eq¯‹ †cbkb) Kg©m~wP Acwinvh©, hv cÖexY e¨w³‡ì cvkvcvwk Zv‡ì cieZ©x cÖRb¥‡KI myi¶v cÖ`vb Ki‡e| †cbkb myweavi Abycw¯’wZ‡Z wkky‡ì wcZv-gvZvi Ab¨Zg evaëvaKZv n‡q `vuovq Zv‡ì wcZv-gvZvi (A_©vr wkkyi `v`v-`vw`/bvbvbvwbi) †`Lfvj Kiv; KviY Aemi cieZ©x mg‡q Zvuiv µgk `ye©j I bvRyK n‡q c‡ob| †h‡nZz GKB mxwgZ Av‡qi gva¨‡g wcZv-gvZv I mšÍv‡bi †`Lv‡kvbv Ki‡Z nq, ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB mšÍv‡bi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ e¨‡q NvUwZ †`Lv †`q| cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q msw¶ßfv‡e Ges wØZxq Aa¨v‡q we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e evsjv‡`‡ki `vwi`ª¨ I wec`vcbœZvi ¯îƒc we‡kølY Kiv n‡q‡Q| G we‡kølY †_‡K †`Lv hvq, RbmsL¨vi GK weivU As‡ki mvgvwRK wbivcËv myweavi cÖ‡qvRb i‡q‡Q| GB Aa¨v‡q eZ©gvb RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi ms¯‹vi mva‡b cÖ¯ÍvweZ †KŠkjmg~n Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Aa¨vqwU kyiy n‡q‡Q mvgvwRK wbivcËv Lv‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki `xN©‡gqvw` iƒcKí Ges AvMvgx cvuP eQ‡ii g‡a¨ (A_©vr 2015-16 †_‡K cieZ©x cvuP eQi) †h mKj j¶¨ AR©b Ki‡Z n‡e Zv eY©bv Kivi gva¨‡g| Gic‡iB i‡q‡Q cÖ_g I Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q wPwýZ Pvwn`v I we`¨gvb NvUwZmg~‡ni Dci wfwË K‡i RxebP‡µi wewfbœ ¯Í‡i bvMwiK‡ì Pvwn`v c~i‡Y miKvi‡K †hme cwiKíbv ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Z n‡e †m¸‡jvi wek` Av‡jvPbv| G Aa¨v‡qi cieZ©x As‡k Ae‡nwjZ I myweavewÂZ Rb‡Mvôx †hme P¨v‡j‡Äi m¤§yLxb nq †mMywjmn bMivqY I `y‡h©vMRwbZ P¨v‡jÄ †gvKv‡ejvq mvgvwRK wbivcËvg~jK D‡`¨vMmg~n eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi cwiPvjb c×wZi (Mfb¨v©Ý) ms¯‹vi Ges mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’v‡K kw³kvjxKiY m¤cwK©Z Ab¨vb¨ g~j D‡`¨vMmg~n lô Aa¨v‡q Av‡jvwPZ n‡e|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

4.2 `xN©‡gqvw` iƒcKí I jÿ¨mg~n

47 wRBwW

MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡bi 15(N) Aby‡”Q‡` bvMwiK‡ì Rb¨ mvgvwRK wbivcËv‡K †gŠwjK Pvwn`v wn‡m‡e D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| myZivs bvMwiK‡ì mvgvwRK wbivcËvi AwaKvi wbwðZ Kiv miKv‡ii mvsweavwbK `vwqZ¡| wek`fv‡e ej‡Z †M‡j, Ò†eKviZ¡, e¨vwa, ev c½yZ¡RwbZ wKsev êae¨, gvZ…-wcZ…nxbZv ev eva©K¨RwbZ wKsev Abyiƒc Ab¨vb¨ cwiw¯’wZRwbZ Kvi‡Y AfveMÖ¯ÍZvi †¶‡Î miKvwi mvnvh¨jv‡fi AwaKvi me bvMwi‡Ki i‡q‡QÓ| me©Rbxb gvbevwaKvi †NvlYvi 25 Aby‡”Q‡Ì GKB ai‡bi A½xKvi wee„Z n‡q‡Q| ÒLv`¨, e¯¿, evm¯’vb, wPwKrmv I cÖ‡qvRbxq mvgvwRK cwi‡lev jv‡fi my‡hvM Ges †mB mv‡_ †eKviZ¡, cxov, cÖwZewÜZv, êae¨, eva©K¨ A_ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Awbevh© KviYekZ RxweKvi Afve n‡j wbivcËvi AwaKvimn wb‡Ri I cwiev‡ii my¯^v¯’¨ Ges Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ gvbm¤§Z I ch©vß RxebhvÎvi AwaKvi cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB i‡q‡Q|Ó RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj n‡jv we`¨gvb mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi `xN©‡gqvw` ms¯‹vi cÖwKªqvi cÖ_g c`‡¶c| G‡¶‡Î cÖZ¨vkv n‡jv Ggb GKwU eë¯’v cÖwZôv Kiv hv mvgvwRK I A_©‰bwZK mvg¨ AR©‡bi cvkvcvwk weKvkgvb

ga¨g Av‡qi †`‡ki Rb¨ h‡_vchy³ n‡e| GQvovI GwU evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq msweav‡b wea„Z mvgvwRK wbivcËvi AwaKvi Ges evsjv‡`k KZ©„K ¯^v¶wiZ AvšÍR©vwZK Pzw³mg~‡n ewY©Z mvgvwRK wbivcËv welqK AwaKvi c~i‡Y mnvqZv Ki‡e| Gme AwaKvi AR©‡b Kg‡ewk `y`kK †j‡M †h‡Z cv‡i e‡j Abygvb Kiv hvq| myZivs mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi `xN©‡gqvw` i~cKí Ges G iƒcKí AR©‡b AvMvgx 5 eQ‡ii Rb¨ wba©vwiZ j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨mg~n Av‡iv wek`fv‡e I my¯cóiƒ‡c wee„Z Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| G‡¶‡Î `xN©‡gqvw` D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv µgvš^‡q Ggb GKwU mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’v cÖwZôv Kiv hv mnvqZvi cÖ‡qvRb i‡q‡Q Ggb cÖwZwU bvMwi‡Ki Rb¨ mnRjf¨ n‡e G‡Z Zv‡ì Rb¨ GKwU b~b¨Zg DcvR©‡bi wbðqZv _vK‡e | GQvovI, hviv wewfbœ ai‡bi AwfNvZ I msK‡Ui Kvi‡Y `vwi`ª¨ mxgvi bx‡P P‡j †h‡Z cv‡i Zv‡ì Rb¨ Av‡jvP¨ eë¯’vwU b¨~bZg Av‡qi wbðqZv weavb Ki‡e Ges Zv‡ì‡K AwaKZi I e¨vcKwfwËK mvgvwRK wbivcËv cÖ`vb Ki‡e| myZivs mvgvwRK wbivcËvi `xN©‡gqvw` iƒcKí n‡jv: evsjv‡`‡ki mKj (mvgvwRK wbivcËv myweav jv‡fi) †hvM¨ bvMwi‡Ki Rb¨ Ggb GKwU AšÍf©zw³g~jK mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’v M‡o †Zvjv hv Kvh©Kifv‡e `vwi`ª¨ I AmgZv cÖwZ‡iva I †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges e¨vcKZi gvbe Dbœqb, Kg©ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM m„wó I A_©‰bwZK cÖe„w× AR©‡b f‚wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i| G `xN©‡gqvw` iƒcKí‡K mvg‡b †i‡LB eZ©gvb RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| myZivs AvMvgx cvuP eQi miKvi GB `xN©‡gqvw` iƒcKí AR©‡b h_vh_ c`‡¶c MÖnY Ki‡e| Z‡e e¨vcK cwieZ©b mvwaZ n‡Z †h †ek wKQzUv mgq †j‡M †h‡Z cv‡i †m ev¯ÍeZv m¤ú‡K© miKvi IqvwKenvj| ZvQvov miKvi GKwU cÖMwZkxj I AšÍf©zw³g~jK mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi wfwË MV‡bi Dci MyiæZ¡ cÖ`vb Ki‡e| AvMvgx cvuP eQ‡ii Rb¨ RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji j¶¨ n‡e: m¤c‡ì AwaKZi `¶ I Kvh©Ki eënvi wbwðZ Kivi gva¨‡g †mevcÖ`vb eë¯’v‡K kw³kvjx K‡i µgvš^‡q GKwU AwaKZi AšÍf©zw³g~jK mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’v cÖwZwôZ Kiv hv mgv‡Ri `wi`ª I me©vwaK wec`vcbœ m`m¨‡ì‡K AMÖvwaKvi w`‡q RxebP‡µi wewfbœ SzuwKmg~n Kvh©Kifv‡e †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z m¶g| evsjv‡`‡ki cUf‚wgKvq GKwU AwaKviwfwËK aviYv cÖm~Z mvgvwRK myi¶v †d¬vi (social protection floor) wewbg©v‡Y AMÖvwaKvi wba©vi‡Yi †ÿ‡Î †hme welq‡K we‡ePbvq wb‡Z n‡e †mMywj n‡jv: cÖvwZôvwbK m¶gZv, Avw_©K mvg_¨©, we`¨gvb eë¯’v I cÖkvmwbK KvVv‡gvi gš’iZv Ges Riæwi mvgvwRK I A_©‰bwZK Pvwn`v BZ¨vw`| RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj ev¯Íevq‡bi cÖv_wgK eQiMywj‡Z AwZ `wi`ª I mgv‡Ri me©vwaK wec`vcbœ As‡ki Dci †Rvi w`‡Z n‡e| †m‡ÿ‡Î AvMvgx 5 eQ‡i †hme AMÖvwaKvi P¨v‡jÄ †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z n‡e †m¸‡jv n‡jv:

• mvgvwRK wbivcËv D‡`¨v‡Mi AcPq I cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq Kg gvbyl‡K †mevi AvIZvq Avbvi m¤¢vebv cwinvi Ki‡Z we`¨gvb B”QvgvwdK wbe©vPb c×wZ †_‡K m‡i G‡m mywbw`©wó jÿ¨wfwËK me©Rbxb c×wZ‡Z DËiY|

• G eë¯’v‡K Kvh©Ki Ki‡Z AwZ `wi`ª‡ì KiæY Ae¯’v we‡ePbvq Zv‡ì DËiYK‡í †hme Kg©m~wP i‡q‡Q †m¸‡jvi avivevwnK wKšÍy e¨vcK µge„w×i cÖ‡qvRb| Gi gva¨‡g AwZ`wi`ª‡ì‡K Pig `vwi`ª¨ †_‡K †ei n‡q Avm‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i Ggb cwic~iK Kg©Kv‡Ði cvkvcvwk Zv‡ì Rb¨ cÖK…Z I cÖZ¨¶ DcvR©‡bi my‡hvM cÖ`vb I AvbyôvwbK I AbvbyôvwbK Kv‡Ri my‡hvM m„wó n‡e| • me©vwaK wec`vcbœ bvix‡ì Rb¨ we‡kl K‡i Zv‡ì gvZ…Z¡Kvjxb mg‡q Avq-wbivcËvi cvkvcvwk kÖgevRv‡ii mv‡_ m¤c„³ nevi my‡hvM wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| | • Ggb GKwU mvgvwRK wegv eë¯’v cÖeZ©‡bi D‡`¨vM wb‡Z n‡e hv gvbyl‡K wb‡Ri wbivcËvi Rb¨ wewb‡qvM Ki‡Z m¶g Ki‡e Ges eva©K¨Kvjxb SzuwK, A¶gZv, mvgvwRK Ae‡njv, †eKviZ¡/Kg©nxbZv, I gvZ…Z¡Kvjxb SuywKi †¶‡Î myi¶v cÖ`vb Ki‡e|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

• gv I wkky, wK‡kvi I ZiæY, Kg©ÿg eqmx, eq¯‹ Ges cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡`i‡K me©vwaK MyiæZ¡ w`‡q nZ`wi`ª/ AwZ`wi`ª, cÖvwšÍK Rb‡Mvôx I me©vwaK wec`vcbœ gvbyl‡`i Rb¨ cÖavb Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni AvIZv I cwiwa m¤cÖ m vwiZ Kiv| AvMvgx 5 eQ‡ii Rb¨ GKwU †gŠwjK j¶¨ n‡e Pig `vwi`ª¨ hZUzKz m¤¢e Kwg‡q Avbv|

48 wRBwW

•

bMi GjvKvi `wi`ª I wec`vcbœ Awaevmx Ges mgv‡Ri Ae‡nwjZ I myweavewÂZ Rb‡Mvôx‡K AšÍf©z³ K‡i mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni (¯^v¯’¨, cywó I wk¶v) AvIZv I cwiwa we¯Í…Z Kiv|

•

mvgvwRK wbivcËv e¨e¯’v †hb GKwU Kvh©Ki `y‡h©vM mvov`vb e¨e¯’vi mnvqK wn‡m‡e f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i Zv wbwðZ Kiv|

•

AvaywbK Z_¨ e¨e¯’vcbv c×wZ Ges cÖwkw¶Z I †ckv`vi Kg©x evwnbx M‡o †Zvjvi gva¨‡g AMÖvwaKviwfwËK mnvqZv cÖ`vb e¨e¯’v kw³kvjx Kiv|

•

mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wP m¤c‡K© DcKvi‡fvMx‡`i m‡PZbZv evov‡bv Ges m¤¢ve¨ `vZv‡kÖwY‡K AbycÖvwYZ Kiv|

4.3 mvgvwRK wbivcËvi RxebPµwfwËK eë¯’v msnZKiY RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji cÖ¯Ívebvmg~‡ni g~‡j i‡q‡Q RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’v‡K kw³kvjx Kivi D‡`¨vMmg~n| RxebPµwfwËK mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi Dbœqb‡K msnZ Kivi gva¨‡g GwU `vwi‡`ªï g~j Kvi‡Yi Dci †Rvi cÖ`vb K‡i| mKj †`kB Zv‡ì mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi weKvk I c~Y©ZvcÖvwßi c_ cwiµgvq G ai‡bi c×wZ MÖnY K‡i‡Q, Ges MZ `yB `kK a‡i evsjv‡`kI GKBw`‡K AMÖmi n‡”Q| Gi d‡j, miKvi GKw`‡K †hgb Rb‡Mvôxi me‡P‡q SuywKMÖ¯Í As‡ki Rb¨ m¤c‡ì Kvh©Ki eënv‡i m¶g n‡”Q †Zgwb RvZxq A_©‰bwZK cÖe„w×i g~j PvwjKvkw³ wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…Z K‡g©vc‡hvMx Rb‡Mvôx‡KI mnvqZv w`‡Z cvi‡Q| G †KŠk‡ji cÖv‡qvwMK `k©b n‡e êlg¨nxbZv| GwU ag©, eY©, †RÛvi, †ckv, AÂj, RvwZ BZ¨vw` wbwe©‡k‡l wewfbœ Kg©m~wPi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ gvb`Ð c~iY K‡i Ggb mKj `wi`ª I wec`vcbœ RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q mnRjf¨ n‡e| †KŠkjc‡Îi GB As‡k wkky, K‡g©vc‡hvMx Rb‡Mvôx, we‡kl K‡i `yt¯’ I Amnvq gv, eq¯‹ I cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì mnvqZvK‡í we`¨gvb mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’v kw³kvjxKi‡Y miKv‡ii cÖ¯Ívebvmg~n Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| we‡k¦i AwaKvsk cwiYZ mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vq RbmsL¨vi Gme Ask‡K AMÖvwaKvi †`qv n‡q‡Q| 4.3.1 wkky‡ì Rb¨ mvgvwRK wbivcËv mnvqZv wkkyiv †`‡ki fwel¨r| ˆkk‡e Ges ¯‹z‡j hvevi mgq wkkyyiv †hb wbivcËv mnvqZv cvq Zv wbwðZ Kiv Acwinvh©| wkky‡ì Rb¨ wewb‡qvM †Kej Zv‡ì Kj¨vYB wbwðZ K‡ibv fwel¨r RvwZ‡K GKwU Kvh©Ki I Kg©¶g kÖgkw³i †hvMvb †`q| eZ©gvb K‡g©vc‡hvMx Rb‡Mvôx †h ai‡bi P¨v‡j‡Äi m¤§yLxb nq Zvi Dr‡m i‡q‡Q weKv‡ki eQi¸‡jv‡Z Zv‡ì Rb¨ Ach©vß wewb‡qvM| e¯‘Z wewfbœ miKvwi cwi‡levi gva¨‡g wkky‡ì Rb¨ mnvqZvi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e, we‡kl K‡i wk¶v I ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi gva¨‡g| miKvi Gme Lv‡Z µgea©gvb wewb‡qvM Ae¨vnZ ivL‡e Ges wkky‡ì‡K †K›`ª K‡i †ek wKQz ¸iæZ¡c~Y© mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wP MÖnY Ki‡e| G Aby‡”Q‡` †hme Kg©m~wPi Dci Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q †mMywj n‡jv: (K) wkky ev Kg eqmx †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì Rb¨ Aby`vb mnvqZv; (L) we`¨vjq Dce„wË Kg©m~wPi m¤cÖmviY; (M) feNy‡i/AwffveKnxb wkky‡ì Rb¨ wkky cwiPh©v mnvqZv wbwðZKiY; (N) Kg©Rxex gv‡q‡ì Rb¨ gvZ…Z¡ fvZv Ges (O) GK¸”Q cwic~iK Kg©m~wP hv cÖZ¨¶fv‡e wkky Kj¨vY wbwðZ Ki‡e|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

wkky‡`i Rb¨ cÖwZeÜx myweav †Rvi`viKi‡Y miKv‡ii cÖ¯Ívemg~n Aby‡”Q` 4.3.4 G Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|

49 wRBwW

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RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

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RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

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RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

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52 wRBwW

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RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

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53 wRBwW

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G wegv eë¯’v GKevi msnZ n‡j `yN©Ubv, Amy¯’Zv BZ¨vw` †¶‡ÎI Gi AvIZv we¯Í…Z n‡e| GQvov AbvbyôvwbK Lv‡ZI †eKviZ¡ wegv Pvjyi cÖ‡Póv _vK‡e| 4.3.3 eq¯‹‡ì Rb¨ e¨vcKwfwËK †cbkb eë¯’v cÖwZôv evsjv‡`‡k eq¯‹ †jv‡Ki msL¨v e„w× cv‡”Q| 2010 mv‡j †`‡ki †gvU RbmsL¨vi 6.8 kZvsk wQj lv‡UvaŸ© eqmx Ges 2026 mvj bvMv` G msL¨v 10 kZvs‡ki cÖvšÍmxgvq †cŠQv‡e| GB mxgvq Ae¯’vbKvix ev GwU AwZµgKvix †`kmg~n mvaviYfv‡e eva©‡K¨ DcbxZ †`k wn‡m‡e cwiMwYZ nq| 2050 mvj bvMv` lv‡UvaŸ© eqmx gvby‡li msL¨v n‡e †gvU Rb‡Mvôxi 23 kZvsk| Z`ycwi, 2030 mv‡j 50 DaŸ© e¨w³iv n‡eb †gvU Rb‡Mvôxi 32 kZvsk Ges 2050 mv‡j bvMv` hv †e‡o wM‡q 46 kZvs‡k `vuov‡e| †`Lv †M‡Q, eq¯‹ gvbyl‡ì †`Lfvj Kivi cÖ_vMZ eë¯’v †f‡O co‡Q| GQvov eq¯‹ bvMwiK‡ì A‡bK‡K Awfevmx‡ì mšÍvb‡ì †`Lv‡kvbv Kivi gZ evowZ `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Z n‡”Q| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, †Kv‡bv GKwU Lvbvq GKRb eq¯‹ e¨w³i Dcw¯’wZ `vwi‡`ªï GKwU DËg wb‡`©kK| eq¯‹ cyiæl‡ì Zzjbvq eq¯‹ bvixiv †ewk `vwi‡`ªï SzuwK‡Z _v‡Kb| bvix‡ì †ejvq `vwi`ª¨ SuywKi nvi cyiæl‡ì †P‡q 15 kZvsk †ewk| GQvov A‡bK Kg©Rxex cwievi Zv‡ì eq¯‹ AvZ¥xq ¯^R‡bi `vwqZ¡fvi enb K‡i hvi d‡j Zv‡ì‡K mšÍvb‡ì Rb¨ wba©vwiZ e¨‡qi cwigvY nªvm K‡i eq¯‹ AvZ¥xq‡ì Rb¨ LiP Ki‡Z nq| we‡kl K‡i `wi`ª cwievi¸‡jvi Rb¨ G mgm¨v cÖKU| †Kv‡bv mgvR‡K g~j¨vqb Kivi GKwU fvj Dcvq n‡jv †m mgv‡Ri eq¯‹ bvMwiK cwi‡levi gvb hvPvB Kiv| evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡b eq¯‹‡ì mvgvwRK wbivcËvi AwaKvi wbwðZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| me bvMwiK‡K †kl eq‡m eÂbv-`y`©kv †_‡K iÿv Kivi wbðqZv cÖ`vb Kiv Riæwi| eq¯‹ bvMwiK‡ì Rb¨ AvZ¥gh©v`v, AvZ¥m¤§vb I AvZ¥cwiPq wb‡q †eu‡P _vKvi wbðqZv cÖ`vb Kiv evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii GKwU wbtkZ© AMÖvwaKvi| welqwU g‡b †i‡LB eq¯‹ bvMwiK‡ì Rb¨ GKwU RvZxq bxwZ cvk Kiv n‡q‡Q| 1998 mv‡j eq¯‹ fvZv Kg©m~wP Pvjy nq| G Kg©m~wPi AvIZvq 63 eQi DaŸ© bvix I 65 eQi DaŸ© cyiæl‡ì gv‡m 300 UvKv K‡i cÖ`vb Kiv nq| eZ©gv‡b cÖvq 2.5 wgwjqb eq¯‹ bvix-cyiæl G fvZv cv‡”Qb hwÌ Zv‡ì GK-Z…Zxqvs‡ki eqm wba©vwiZ mxgvi bx‡P| Gi gv‡b A‡bK †hvM¨ eq¯‹ bvMwiK ev` c‡o hv‡”Q| miKvi gyw³‡hv×v‡ì Rb¨ fvZv cÖ`vb K‡i| Avevi weaev fvZv MÖnxZv‡ì A‡b‡KB e‡qve„×| GQvov miKvi cÖvq 4 jvL AemicÖvß miKvwi Kg©Pvix‡K AemiKvjxb †cbkb cÖ`vb K‡i| †`Lv †M‡Q, Gme Kg©m~wP we`¨gvb _vKv m‡Ë¡I msL¨vMwiô eq¯‹ bvMwiK (cÖvq 70 kZvsk) †Kv‡bv ai‡bi Avq wbivcËvg~jK Kg©m~wP‡Z hy³ bb| ZvQvov, gv‡m gvÎ 300 UvKv eivÏ eq¯‹‡ì Avq wbivcËv cÖ`v‡b LyeB mvgvb¨| e¯‘Z evsjv‡`‡k eq¯‹ fvZv wn‡m‡e †h cwigvY A_© †`qv nq Zv gv_vwcQz wRwWwci kZvsk wn‡m‡e we‡k¦ me©wbgœ| myZivs, Av‡jvP¨ †KŠkjc‡Î GKwU e¨vcKwfwËK mgwš^Z †cbkb eë¯’v M‡o †Zvjvi cÖ¯Íve Kiv n‡q‡Q hv `wi`ª I SzuwKMÖ¯Í Rb‡Mvôxfz³ eq¯‹ bvMwiK‡ì iv‡óªi cÿ †_‡K b¨~bZg Av‡qi wbðqZv cÖ`vb Ki‡e Ges GKB m‡½ K‡g©vc‡hvMx cwievimg~‡ni Rb¨ AskMÖnYg~jK †cbkb eë¯’v cÖwZôv Ki‡e hvi d‡j Zviv e„×eq‡m AwaK cwigv‡Y AemifvZv †c‡Z cv‡i| AskMÖnYg~jK †cbkb eë¯’vi gva¨‡g GKwU eo Znwej MwVZ n‡e hv eëmv-D‡`¨v‡M wewb‡qv‡Mi cvkvcvwk RvwZMVbg~jK Kv‡RI jvMv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i| cÖ_g ¯Íi: miKvi A_©vwqZ myweav hv `wi`ª I SzuwKMÖ¯Í Rb‡Mvôxfz³ eq¯‹ bvMwiK‡ì b¨~bZg Av‡qi wbðqZv cÖ`vb Ki‡e| wØZxq ¯Íi: †emiKvwi AvbyôvwbK Lv‡Z Kg©iZ Kg©x‡ì Rb¨ AskMÖnYg~jK †cbkb Kg©m~wP Pvjy| Z…Zxq ¯Íi: †emiKvwi LvZ cwiPvwjZ †¯^”Qvq AskMÖnYg~jK (fjv›Uvwi) †cbkb Kg©m~wP (KL‡bv KL‡bv Kg©ms¯’vbwfwËK w¯‹g); †Kvb bvMwiK eva©K¨Kv‡j AwZwi³ Avq mnvqZv †c‡Z B”QzK n‡j GwU MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i| cÖ¯ÍvweZ †cbkb g‡Wj wZb ai‡bi †cbk‡bi gva¨‡g myi¶v cÖ`vb Ki‡e| eq¯‹‡ì GK weivU Ask nq `wi`¨ bZzev `vwi‡`ªï SzuwK‡Z i‡q‡Q Ges Zv‡ì A‡b‡KB `ye©j n‡q covq KvR Ki‡Z A¶g| miKvi Pjgvb eq¯‹ fvZv Kg©m~wPi m¤cÖmvi‡Yi gva¨‡g GKwU eywbqvw` ¯Íi (cÖ_g ¯Íi) cÖwZôv Ki‡e| wØZxq ¯ÍiwU n‡e bZzb mvgvwRK wegv †cbkb,

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

eq¯‹‡`i Rb¨ cÖ¯ÍvweZ wZb ¯Íiwewkó †cbkb e¨e¯’v:

54 wRBwW

hv wbqš¿Y I ZË¡veav‡bi `vwqZ¡ _vK‡e iv‡óªi Dci| miKvi Z…Zxq ¯Íi wn‡m‡e Kg©ms¯’vbwfwËK †¯^”Qvq AskMÖnYg~jK †emiKvwi †cbk‡bi cÖmvi DrmvwnZ Ki‡e| cÖ_g `ywU ¯Íi GK ai‡bi †cbkb-hvPvB c×wZi gva¨‡g hy³ n‡e Ges Gi gva¨‡g hviv eva¨Zvg~jK mvgvwRK wegv †cbkb cv‡”Q Zv‡ì KvQ †_‡K miKvi A_©vwqZ †cbkb myweav µgvš^‡q cÖZ¨vnvi Ki‡e| †cbkb eë¯’vi cÖwZwU ¯Í‡ii Rb¨ mywbw`©ó cÖ¯Ívebv wb‡gœ Zz‡j aiv n‡jv: cÖ_g ¯Íi: eq¯‹ fvZv eq¯‹ fvZv Kg©m~wPi cÖavb êwkó¨mg~n n‡e: • evsjv‡`‡ki lv‡UvaŸ© eqmx16 mKj bvMwiK hviv Avq gvb`Ð c~iY K‡i (D”P `vwi`ª¨ †iLvi 1.25 ¸‡Yi Kg Avq) Zviv G fvZv cv‡eb| • eq¯‹ fvZvi cwigvY KZ n‡e Zv wba©viY Ki‡e miKvi|17 GUv cÖ¯Íve Kiv n‡q‡Q †h eq¯‹ fvZvi eZ©gvb cwigvY PjwZ g~‡j¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cwigv‡Y evov‡bv n‡e, hv Ab¨vb¨ Dbœqbkxj †`‡k cÖPwjZ GKB ai‡bi †cbkb Kg©m~wP‡Z cÖ`Ë cwigv‡Yi Zzjbvq gvSvwi| • miKv‡ii wm×v‡šÍi Dci wfwË K‡i eqm 90 eQi n‡j fvZvi cwigvY AveviI evov‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i| G‡Z Li‡Pi cwigvY I DcKvi‡fvMxi msL¨v Kg n‡jI eq¯‹‡ì hZœ wb‡Z mgv‡Ri mKj †kÖwYi gvby‡li g‡a¨ Drmvn e„w× cv‡e| GQvov G‡Z ¯^v¯’¨MZ LiP Kgv‡bvi gva¨‡g miKvi RvZxq mÂq evov‡Z cv‡i| Awf‡hvM `v‡qi I cÖwZKvi jv‡fi my‡hvMmn c‡iv¶ wbe©vPb c×wZi (cÖw· wgbm †U÷) Dci wfwË K‡i Avq †hvM¨Zv wbY©q Kiv n‡e Ges KwgDwbwUi gva¨‡g hvPvB Kiv n‡e| hviv g‡b K‡i †h Avq-‡hvM¨Zv wbY©‡q fzj nevi Kvi‡Y ev wjwce×KiY cÖwµqvi (WKz‡g‡›Ukb) cÖgv‡ì Kvi‡Y Zviv eq¯‹ fvZv cv‡”Qbbv Zv‡ì Rb¨ miKvi GKwU Avwcj c×wZ cÖwZôv Ki‡e| GQvov hviv †cbkb cvevi †hvM¨Zv AR©‡bi Rb¨ wb‡R‡ì cÖK…Z eqm †Mvcb Ki‡e Zv‡ì Rb¨ miKvi kvw¯Íi eë¯’v Ki‡e| eq¯‹ fvZv Kg©m~wP mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPmg~‡n e¨wqZ A‡_©i Kvh©KvwiZv e¨vcKfv‡e e„w× Ki‡e| GwU cÖZ¨vwkZ †h, Ab¨vb¨ †`‡k Gai‡bi Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevq‡bi d‡j eq¯‹ gvby‡liv †hme AwZwi³ myweav †c‡q _v‡Kb (†hgb my¯^v‡¯’ï AwaKvix nIqv Ges gvbgh©v`v e„w× cvIqv BZ¨vw`) evsjv‡`‡kI †ZgbwU NU‡e| GQvov †hŠ_ cwiev‡ii Ab¨vb¨ m`m¨, we‡kl K‡i wkky‡ì Dci Gi BwZevPK cÖfve cÖZ¨vkv Kiv hvq| eq¯‹ e¨w³iv mvaviYZ Zv‡ì †cbkb eve` cÖvß A_© Ab¨‡ì mv‡_ fvM K‡i wb‡Z cQ›` K‡ib| d‡j Kg©Rxex cwieviMywj Zv‡ì m¤c‡ì GKwU eo Ask wb‡R‡ì mšÍvb‡ì Rb¨ e¨q Ki‡Z m¶g nq|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

wØZxq ¯Íi: RvZxq mvgvwRK wegv w¯‹g

55 wRBwW

µgea©gvb eq¯‹ Rb‡Mvôxi Rb¨ †`k‡K cÖ¯‘Z Kivi Dcvq wn‡m‡e miKvi RvZxq mvgvwRK wegv w¯‹g cÖeZ©‡bi m¤¢vebv LwZ‡q †`L‡e| gvwjK I Kg©x Dfqc‡¶i AskMÖn‡Yi (wbw`©ó cwigvY A_© cÖ`vb) gva¨‡g RvZxq mvgvwRK wegv Znwej MwVZ n‡e| G Znwej †_‡K †cbkb cÖ`v‡bi cvkvcvwk Ab¨vb¨ we‡kl †¶‡ÎI (cÖwZewÜZv, Amy¯’Zv, Kg©¯’‡j `yN©Ubv/RLg, †eKviZ¡ I gvZ…Z¡) myweav cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e| cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q AvbyôvwbK Lv‡Zi Kg©x‡ì‡K (hv‡ì‡K Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e mn‡R eva¨Zvg~jKfv‡e AskMÖnYg~jK cÖwµqvq wb‡q Avmv hv‡e) G wegvi AšÍf©z³ Kiv n‡e| ch©vqµ‡g AbvbyôvwbK Lv‡ZI G Kvh©µg m¤cÖmvwiZ n‡e| ïiæ‡Z GwU A_©gš¿Yvj‡qi e¨vsK I Avw_©K cÖwZôvb wefv‡Mi Aaxb beMwVZ wegv Dbœqb I wbqš¿K ms¯’v KZ©…K (AvBwWAviG) cwiPvwjZ n‡e| e¨vsK I Avw_©K cÖwZôvb wefvM Ges AvBwWAviG Gi mycvwikgvjvi Dci wfwË K‡i Ges †emiKvwi eëmv cÖwZôv‡bi mv‡_ civgk©µ‡g gwš¿cwil` RvZxq mvgvwRK wegv cwiK‡íi bKkv (MVb I Kvh©wewa) cÖYqb Ki‡e| RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj AwZ`wi`ª I mgv‡Ri me©vwaK SzuwKMÖ¯Í m`m¨‡ì‡K we‡kl MyiæZ¡ w`‡q g~jZ wewfbœ cÖKvi mvgvwRK fvZv cÖ`v‡bi eë¯’v Ki‡e| Aek¨ ga¨g Av‡qi †`‡k DËi‡Yi mv‡_ mv‡_ AskMÖnYg~jK mvgvwRK wegvi DciI `„wó †`qv cÖ‡qvRb| evsjv‡`‡k mvgvwRK wbivcËvq miKv‡ii `xN©‡gqvw` iƒcK‡íi GKwU g~j Dcv`vb n‡jv RvZxq mvgvwRK wegv w¯‹g Ges GwU evsjv‡`‡ki µgea©gvb eq¯‹ Rb‡Mvôxi wbivcËv P¨v‡jÄ †gvKv‡ejvq eo f‚wgKv cvjb Ki‡e| AvIZv I cwiwai m¤cÖmvi‡Yi gva¨‡g ch©vqµ‡g GwU mve©Rbxb †cbkb Kg©m~wP‡Z Ae`vb ivL‡e| 16 wW‡m¤î 2013-G gwš¿mfv KZ…©K cÖ`Ë eq¯‹ Rb‡Mvôxi msÁv Abyhvqx lv‡Uva©& eqmx‡ì‡K msÁvwqZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|

17 e¨‡qi D‡Ï‡k¨ ÔmnvqZvi AvKv‡ii AbygvbÕ Aa¨vq 5-G wea„Z n‡q‡Q Ges G mKj mnvqZv g~j¨ùxwZ NUv‡Z cv‡i|

Z…Zxq ¯Íi: †¯^”Qvq AskMÖnYg~jK †emiKvwi †cbkb hviv e„× eq‡m AwZwi³ mnvqZv ev evowZ wbivcËv †c‡Z Pvq Ges GRb¨ wb‡RivB †cbkb Znwe‡j A_© cÖ`v‡b B”QzK Zv‡ì Rb¨ †emiKvwi †cbk‡bi cÖmvi‡K miKvi DrmvwnZ Ki‡e| GB cÖwµqvi cÖ_g avc wnmv‡e †emiKvwi †cbkb Kg©m~wPi cÖmvi‡K Kxfv‡e DrmvwnZ Kiv hvq Ges Giƒc w¯‹‡g Gi m`m¨‡ì wewb‡qvMK…Z A‡_©i wbivcËv Kxfv‡e wbwðZ Kiv hvq †m wel‡q civgk© cÖ`v‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ evsjv‡`‡ki we`¨gvb †emiKvwi †cbkb Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni Dci mgx¶v cwiPvjbv Kivi D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kiv n‡e| G mgx¶vq GKwU †cbkb wbqš¿YKvix KZ©…c¶ cÖwZôvi h_v_©Zv I †hŠw³KZv cix¶v Kiv n‡e Ges D³ KZ©…c‡¶i `vwqZ¡ n‡e †emiKvwi †cbkb Kvh©µg Z`viwKi gva¨‡g Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni ky×Zv, b¨vh¨Zv I Avw_©K †UKmwnZv wbwðZ Kiv| A_© gš¿Yvjqvaxb e¨vsK I Avw_©K cÖwZôvb wefvM GB mgx¶v cwiPvjbv Ki‡e| 4.3.4 cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì Rb¨ mvgvwRK wbivcËvg~jK †mev cÖ`vb eë¯’v kw³kvjxKiY cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì mvgvwRK wbivcËvi AwaKvi evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡b wea„Z n‡q‡Q| GQvov 2007 mv‡ji 30 b‡f¤î evsjv‡`k miKvi "Kb‡fbkb Ab `¨ ivBUm Ae cvimbm DB_ wWRA¨vwewjwU" Abymg_©b K‡i, hv cÖwZeÜx‡ì mvgvwRK wbivcËvi AwaKv‡ii wbðqZv †`q| myZivs cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì Rb¨ ga¨g Av‡qi †`‡ki Dc‡hvMx mvgvwRK wbivcËv mnvqZv eë¯’v cÖwZôvq miKvi cÖwZkÖæwZe×| mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji 5 eQi †gqv`Kv‡j Zv m¤c~Y©fv‡e AR©b Kiv KwVb| Kv‡RB GRb¨ miKvi eo wKQz c`‡¶c MÖnY Ki‡e (cÖwZeÜx mnvqZvi we`¨gvb eë¯’v †Rvi`vi Kivi gva¨‡g)| AvMvgx 5 eQ‡i mgvRKj¨vY gš¿Yvjq cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì Rb¨ we`¨gvb mnvqZvMywj‡K GKxf‚Z I msnZ K‡i RxebPµwfwËK c×wZi mv‡_ mgwš^Z Ki‡e| cÖwZeÜx‡ì mnvqZvK‡í cÖwZwôZ eë¯’vwU wPÎ 4.2 -G †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| cÖ¯ÍvweZ eë¯’vi AšÍf©z³ wZbwU g~j Kg©m~wP n‡jv: •

18 eQi eqmx mKj cÖwZeÜx wkkyi Rb¨ wkky cÖwZeÜx mnvqZv;

•

19-59 eQi eqmx gvivZœK cÖwZeÜx‡`i Rb¨ cÖwZeÜx mnvqZv;

•

60 eQi eq‡m gvivZ¥K cÖwZeÜxiv eq¯‹ fvZv Kg©m~wPi AšÍf©z³ n‡e|

wPÎ 4.2: cÖwZeÜx‡`i Rb¨ cÖ¯ÍvweZ mvgvwRK wbivcËv e¨e¯’v Rxeb P‡µi wewfbœ chv©q

e„× eqm

cÖvK ‰kkeKvj Kg©ÿg eqm

we`¨vjq Mg‡bi eqm ZiæY Rb‡Mvôx

mvgvwRK wegv cwiKíbv

wbf©ikxj wkky mnvqZv

cÖwZewÜZv myweav

cÖwZewÜ †cbkb

eq¯‹ fvZv

RvZxq mvgvwRK eq¯‹ †cbkb

eq¯‹ fvZv e¨ZxZ G Kg©m~wPi AšÍf©z³ miKvi A_©vwqZ `ywU g~j Kg©m~wP wb‡gœ ewY©Z n‡jv: wkky-cÖwZeÜx myweav wkkyivB †`‡ki fwel¨r Ges cÖwZeÜx wkkyivB me©vwaK SzuwKMÖ¯Í| gvivZœK cÖwZeÜx wn‡m‡e kYv³K…Z wkky‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡KB †hb wkky cÖwZeÜx myweav bv‡g cwiwPZ wbqwgZ mnvqZv cvq miKvi Zv wbwðZ Ki‡e| GwU mgvRKj¨vY gš¿Yvjq cwiPvwjZ Pjgvb wkky cÖwZeÜx Aby`vb Kg©m~wPi m¤cÖmvi‡Yi gva¨‡g ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡e| wkkyiv hZ¶Y ch©šÍ mgvRKj¨vY gš¿Yvj‡qi cÖwZewÜZvi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ gvb`Ð c~iY Ki‡e Ges Zv‡ì cÖwZcvjbbKvix‡ì Avq Kg©m~wPi wba©vwiZ mxgvi g‡a¨ _vK‡e ZZ¶Y ch©šÍ mKj wkkyB cÖwZeÜx myweav cÖvc¨ n‡e|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

Ki A_©vwqZ Kg©m~wP

56 wRBwW

cÖwZeÜx wkky‡ì cÖwZ AMÖvwaKvi †`qvi Kvi‡Y miKvi wkky‡ì‡K GKwU Aby`vb mnvqZv cÖ`vb Ki‡e hvi cwigvY n‡e eq¯‹ fvZvi mgZ‚j¨| cÖwZewÜZvi gvÎv I cÖwZeÜx‡ì cwiPh©v mswkøó e¨‡qi Dci wfwË K‡i miKvi fvZvi cwigv‡Y ZviZg¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i| †hvM¨Zvi gvcKvwV †f‡` we‡kl Ae¯’vq KiYxq wba©vwiZ n‡e| wnmve K‡i †`Lv †M‡Q, †`‡ki 3,50,000 wkky cÖwZeÜx mnvqZv cvIqvi †hvM¨| wkkyi gwnjv cÖwZcvjbKvix‡K cÖwZeÜx myweavi UvKv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e| Aek¨ †h‡ÿ‡Î cyiæl †mev`vbKvix Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb weKí cvIqv hv‡e bv †m‡ÿ‡Î cyiæl cÖwZcvjbKvix‡KB G A_© †Ìqv n‡e| cÖwZeÜx wkkyiv wkky‡Kw›`ªK Ab¨vb¨ mnvqZv cÖvwßiI my‡hvM cv‡e| miKvi gvivZ¥K cÖwZeÜx wkky kYv³KiY c×wZ cÖwZôv Ki‡e, hv †Kej kvixwiK cÖwZewÜZvi wkKvi wkky‡ì bq, Ab¨vb¨ ai‡bi cÖwZewÜZvi wkKvi (†hgb AwURg, gvbwmK I eyw×e„wËK cÖwZewÜZv, Bw›`ªq ‰eKj¨ BZ¨vw`) wkky‡ì‡KI AšÍf©z³ Ki‡e| miKvi Avq mxgvi bx‡P _vKv cwievi¸‡jv‡K kYv³ Kivi c×wZI cÖwZôv Ki‡e (lô Aa¨v‡q G wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q)| wkky cÖwZeÜx fvZv cÖeZ©‡bi gva¨‡g miKvi mKj `wi`ª I cÖvq-`wi`ª cÖwZeÜx wkky‡K kYv³ Ki‡Z m¶g n‡e| µgvš^‡q Gme wkkyi we`¨vj‡q Dcw¯’wZ ch©‡e¶Y Kiv, Zv‡ì‡K AwZwi³ mnvqZv †hgb, mnvqK DcKiY, cwienb mnvqZv I we`¨vj‡q †jLvcovi evowZ LiP cÖ`vb Kiv m¤¢e n‡e| cÖwZeÜx wkkyiv hv‡Z Avi feNy‡i I ev¯‘nxb bv _v‡K Zvi †KŠkjI wba©vwiZ n‡e| wkky cÖwZeÜxiv hv‡Z wf¶ve„wËi Rb¨ eëüZ bv nq Zv kZ© Av‡iv‡ci gva¨‡g wbwðZ Kiv n‡e| wkky‡ì‡K hviv wf¶zK wn‡m‡e wb‡qvwRZ K‡i Zv‡ì Rwigvbv Kivi ev kvw¯Í cÖ`v‡bi eë¯’v _vK‡e| wkky cÖwZeÜx myweav Kg©m~wPi AMÖMwZ cwiex¶‡Yi `vwqZ¡ mgvRKj¨vY gš¿Yvj‡qi Dci b¨¯Í _vK‡e| Kg©ÿg eqmx cÖwZeÜx‡ì Rb¨ myweav mgvRKj¨vY gš¿Yvj‡qi Aax‡b cwiPvwjZ Pjgvb cÖwZeÜx Aby`vb Kg©m~wPi ms¯‹vi mvab K‡i GwU cybM©wVZ Kiv n‡e| GB cybM©wVZ Kg©m~wPi gva¨‡g gvivZ¥K cÖwZewÜZvi wkKvi `wi`ª I SzuwKMÖ¯Í bvMwiK‡ì‡K wbqwgZ Aby`vb mnvqZv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e| †`‡ki 290,000 cÖwZeÜx eZ©gv‡b cÖwZeÜx Aby`vb Kg©m~wPi myweav cv‡”Q| wnmve K‡i †`Lv †M‡Q †h, †`‡ki 1.15 wgwjqb Kg©ÿg eqmx gvbyl i‡q‡Q hviv gvivZ¥K cÖwZewÜZvi wkKvi| Avq †hvM¨Zvi gvb`Ð Abyhvqx G‡ì cÖvq 50 kZvsk cÖwZeÜx myweav †c‡Z cv‡i| myZivs eZ©gvb w¯‹‡gi GKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ m¤cÖmvi‡Yi j¶¨ i‡q‡Q Ges G Kg©m~wP †Kej gvivZ¥K cÖwZewÜZvi wkKvi Kg©ÿg eqmx‡ì‡K j¶¨ K‡iB cwiPvwjZ n‡e| gvivZœK cÖwZewÜZvi wkKvi Ggb 19-59 eQi eqmx mKj `wi`ª I SzuwKMÖ¯Í Rb‡Mvôx G Kg©m~wPi myweav cv‡e, Ges 60 eQi eq‡m Zv‡ì‡K eq¯‹ fvZv Kg©m~wPi AvIZvfz³ Kiv n‡e| G Kg©m~wP‡Z AšÍf©z³ nIqvi Rb¨ cÖwZewÜZv I Avq mxgv m¤cwK©Z kZ©vw` I gvb`Ð wba©viY Ki‡e mgvRKj¨vY gš¿Yvjq| gvivZ¥K cÖwZewÜZvi wkKvi e¨w³‡ì kYv³ Ki‡Z miKvi e¨vcK c`‡¶c MÖnY Ki‡e| myweav cvIqvi †hvM¨ nIqv m‡Ë¡I myweavcÖvwß †_‡K ewÂZ‡ì bvwjk I Awf‡hvM cÖwZKv‡ii Rb¨ miKvi GKwU Avwcj c×wZ cÖwZôv Ki‡e|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

†h‡nZz Pjgvb Aby`vb Kg©m~wP ms‡kvwaZ n‡e, †m‡nZz cÖwZeÜx Aby`vb MÖnxZv‡`i mevB‡K cybtcix¶vi m¤§yLxb n‡Z n‡e hv‡Z K‡i GUv wbwðZ nq †h Zviv ms‡kvwaZ Kg©m~wP‡Z AšÍf©zw³i gvb`Ð I kZ©vw` c~iY K‡i| GKwU wbe©vPb c×wZI (wgbm †U÷) MVb Kiv n‡e| cÖwZeÜx myweav †h‡nZz GKwU e¨vwóK myweav †m‡nZz Lvbv ev cwiev‡ii Av‡qi cwie‡Z© †Kej cÖwZeÜx e¨w³i Av‡qi g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡e|

57 wRBwW

cÖwZeÜx myweavi AvIZvq cÖ‡`q fvZvi cwigvY eq¯‹ fvZvi mv‡_ m½wZ †i‡L wba©viY Kiv n‡e| `xN©‡gqv‡` mnvqZvi cwigvY evov‡bv m¤¢e wKbv Zvi ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡e| cÖwZeÜx‡ì wPwKrmv †mevi Pvwn`v we‡ePbvq cÖwZeÜx fvZv Ab¨vb¨ mvgvwRK wbivcËvg~jK Kg©m~wP‡Z cÖ`Ë fvZvi wØMyY ev ZviI †ewk n‡Z cv‡i| ms‡kvwaZ cÖwZeÜx mnvqZv Kg©m~wPi gva¨‡g `wi`ª cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì Rxe‡b D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cwieZ©b m~wPZ n‡e| Zviv Kvh©Kifv‡e kÖgevRv‡i cÖ‡e‡k m¶g nIqvi cvkvcvwk ¶z`ª D‡`¨vM ev eëmvq wewb‡qvM Kivi Rb¨ FY cÖvwß‡Z m¶g n‡e| e„wËgyjK wk¶v I ¶z`ª eëmv D‡`¨v‡M fvZvMÖnxZv‡ì my‡hvM wbwðZ K‡i Ges kÖgevRv‡i we`¨gvb êlg¨ wbg©‚j Kivi gva¨‡g fvZvMÖnxZv‡ì‡K AwZwi³ mnvqZv cÖ`vb K‡i mgvRKj¨vY gš¿Yvjq cÖwZeÜx mnvqZvi cwic~iY NUv‡e|

wkky cÖwZeÜx myweav Kg©m~wP Ges eq¯‹ cÖwZeÜx myweav Kg©m~wPi Rb¨ mgvRKj¨vY gš¿Yvjq wek` ev¯Íevqb cwiKíbv cÖ¯ÍyZ Ki‡e Ges Aby‡gv`‡bi Rb¨ (wW‡m¤î 2015 Gi g‡a¨) gwš¿cwil‡` †ck Ki‡e| RyjvB 2016 †_‡K Gi ev¯Íevqb kyiy n‡e| 4.3.5 mnRjf¨ ¯^v¯’¨‡mevi ¸iæZ¡ RxebPµwfwËK mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni mdjZv wbwðZK‡í cywó, ¯^v¯’¨‡mev, wk¶v, cÖwk¶Y (AvPiY cwieZ©bg~jK Abykvmb), cvwb mieivn I m¨vwb‡Ukb BZ¨vw` cwic~iK †KŠkj ev¯Íevqb Acwinvh©| Gai‡bi †cÖ¶vcU GKwU mnRjf¨ ¯^v¯’¨‡mev eë¯’v cÖwZôvi MyiyZ¡‡KI evwo‡q †`q| ¯^v¯’¨ mswkøó AwfNvZ¸‡jv `wi`ª I SzuwKMÖ¯Í Rb‡Mvôxi Rb¨ gvivZœK ¶wZi KviY n‡Z cv‡i Ges Dc‡i ewY©Z Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni gva¨‡g †h mvgvb¨ cwigvY Avq-mnvqZv ev Aby`vb cÖ`vb Kiv nq, Gme SzuwK cÖkg‡b Zv ch©vß bq| G †cÖw¶‡Z evsjv‡`k miKvi eo cwim‡ii GKwU ¯^v¯’¨ A_©vqb †KŠkj cÖYqb K‡i‡Q, hv‡Z †`‡ki mKj bvMwiK‡ì mgZvc~Y© ¯^v¯’¨‡mev cÖ`v‡b miKv‡ii †KŠkjmg~‡ni i~c‡iLv Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q|18 G ¯^v¯’¨ A_©vqb †KŠkj ev¯Íevq‡b miKvi cÖwZkÖæwZe×, hv RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji GKwU cÖavb cwic~iK wn‡m‡e f‚wgKv ivL‡e|

4.4 Ae‡nwjZ I myweavewÂZ Rb‡Mvôxi Rb¨ mvgvwRK wbivcËv wØZxq Aa¨v‡q mgv‡Ri Ae‡nwjZ, myweavewÂZ I wcwQ‡q cov wewfbœ Rb‡Mvôx wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q hviv †RÛvi, ag©, RvwZ (b„ZvwË¡K cwiPq), †ckv ev Amy¯’Zv BZ¨vwì wfwË‡Z bvbv ai‡bi mvgvwRK eÂbvi wkKvi nq| miKvi AvBwb cÖwµqv I Ab¨vb¨ BwZevPK c`‡¶‡ci gva¨‡g Gme †Mvôxi cÖwZ mKj cÖKvi êlg¨ I eÂbvi we‡jvc mva‡b AZ¨šÍ ms‡e`bkxj| GwU miKv‡ii e¨vcKwfwËK mvgvwRK Dbœqb KvVv‡gvi GKwU cÖavb KiYxq| miKvi AviI wbwðZ Ki‡e †h, Ab¨ mevi b¨vq Gme Rb‡MvôxiI mKj ai‡bi mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi myweav cÖvwßi cvkcvwk miKvi cÖ`Ë Ab¨vb¨ †gŠwjK †mev (wk¶v, ¯^v¯’¨, cywó, cwievi cwiKíbv, cvwb mieivn I m¨vwb‡Ukb) cÖvwßi mgvb my‡hvM i‡q‡Q| miKvi wek¦vm K‡i †h RbbxwZi GB `ywU wfbœ avivi †hvMm~Î ¯’vcbB n‡”Q ewÂZ Rb‡Mvôxi Dbœqb wbwðZ Kivi m‡e©vËg Dcvq| Gme Rb‡Mvôxi A‡bK m`‡mï Kv‡Q †cŠuQv‡Z †h we‡kl ai‡bi D‡`¨v‡Mi cÖ‡qvRb, †m wel‡qI miKvi h‡_ó mRvM| mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi ev¯Íevq‡b G‡¶‡Î M„nxZ cÖv_wgK D‡`¨vM n‡e mswkøó ms¯’vmg~‡ni Kg©Pvix‡ì h_vh_fv‡e AewnZKiY Ges m¤¢ve¨ DcKvi‡fvMx‡ì wPwýZKi‡Y ¯’vbxq miKvi I GbwRI‡ì‡K m¤c„³KiY| Gme cÖvwšÍK Rb‡Mvôx‡K mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi g~javivq wb‡q Avm‡Z GKwU Kvh©Ki Awf‡hvM wb®cwË eë¯’vI DcKvix n‡e| AwaKšÍ,y Ae‡nwjZ, myweavewÂZ I cÖvwšÍK Rb‡Mvôxi (GwmW `», `wjZ m¤cÖ`vqfz³, wnRov, Pv evMv‡bi kÖwgK, GBPAvBwf AvµvšÍ, wf¶zK, M„nnxb cÖf…wZ) we‡kl cÖ‡qvR‡bi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y© we‡kl we‡kl Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Z n‡e| evsjv‡`‡k `ªæZ bMivqY n‡”Q| `ªæZ bMivq‡Yi bvbv BwZevPK w`K i‡q‡Q Ges GwU RvZxq Dbœq‡b mnvqK f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i| Zv m‡Ë¡¡I †`Lv †M‡Q bMievmx‡ì A‡b‡KB `vwi‡`ªï wkKvi Ges wewfbœ ai‡bi SzuwK‡Z i‡q‡Q, hv Zv‡ì Kj¨vY‡K evavMÖ¯Í K‡i| bMivqY mgvR Rxe‡b bvbv ai‡bi bZzb P¨v‡jÄ Qz‡o w`‡”Q| bvMwiK‡ì Kj¨v‡Y Gme P¨v‡jÄ †gvKv‡ejvq miKvi A½xKvie×| GRb¨ mvgvwRK wbivcËv LvZ QvovI miKv‡ii Ab¨vb¨ As‡ki mnvqZv I mn‡hvwMZvi mgš^q cÖ‡qvRb| RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’v GLbI ch©šÍ g~jZ MÖvgxY Rb‡Mvôxi Pvwn`v‡Kw›`ªK| MÖvgvÂ‡ji 30 kZvsk Awaevmx †hLv‡b mvgvwRK wbivcËv myweav cvq †mLv‡b bMievmx‡ì gvÎ 9 kZvsk G myweavi AvIZvfz³| mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPmg~‡n cjøx GjvKvi `wi`ª I SzuwKMÖ¯Í Rb‡Mvôxi AšÍf©zw³ evov‡bvi cÖ‡Póv Ae¨vnZ ivLvi cvkvcvwk bM‡i emevmiZ `wi`ª I SzuwKMÖ¯Í Rb‡Mvôx‡KI AwaK nv‡i mvgvwRK wbivcËvi QÎQvqvq wb‡q Avmvi cÖ‡qvRb m¤c‡K©I miKvi m‡PZb| eq¯‹ fvZv, cÖwZeÜx myweav I wkky mnvqZvi g‡Zv Kg©m~wP¸‡jv MÖvg I kni Dfq GjvKvq mgvbfv‡e MÖnY Kiv DwPZ| †h‡nZz eq¯‹, wkky, `y¯’ gwnjv I cÖwZeÜx‡ì Rb¨ AMÖvwaKviwfwËK mvgvwRK wbivcËvg~jK Kg©m~wP we¯Í…Z n‡”Q, †m‡nZz GUvI wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e †hb bM‡ii evwm›`vivI Gme Kg©m~wP‡Z AšÍf©z³ nIqvi mgvb my‡hvM jvf K‡i| 18“Expanding Social Protection for Health: Towards Universal Coverage”, Health Care Financing Strategy 2012-2032” Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of Bangladesh, September 2012.

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

4.5 bMi `wi`ª‡`i Rb¨ mvgvwRK wbivcËv e¨e¯’v kw³kvjxKiY

58 wRBwW

miKvi GUvI Dcjwä K‡i‡Q †h, AvbyôvwbK Kg©KvÐmg~n bMi‡Kw›`ªK nIqvq wkky cwiPh©v Ges RvZxq mvgvwRK wegv Kg©m~wPi g‡Zv bZzb cÖ¯Íve¸‡jv cÖv_wgKfv‡e bMi AÂ‡ji Awaevmx‡`i †ewk DcKvi mvab Ki‡e| Kv‡RB, Gme myweavi AvIZv m¤cÖmvwiZ K‡i MÖvgxY Rb‡Mvôxi Kv‡Q †cŠu‡Q †`Iqvi we‡kl cÖ‡Póv cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e| GwU GKwU `xN©‡gqvw` cÖ‡Póv Ges MÖvgxY RbM‡Yi Rb¨ mvgvwRK wegv RvZxq Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni cwiwa I AvIZv Kxfv‡e we¯Í…Z I m¤cÖmvwiZ Kiv hv‡e Zv wba©vi‡Y miKvi eªvwRj I †gw·‡Kvi g‡Zv †`k¸‡jvi AwfÁZv ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡e| hv‡nvK, mvgvwRK wbivcËv bMi GjvKvi Rb‡Mvôxi mKj mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Kv‡RB, †`‡ki me©vwaK SzuwKMÖ¯Í cwievi¸‡jvi Rb¨ e¨vcKwfwËK mnvqZv wbwðZ Ki‡Z miKvi bMi cwiKíbv, Avevmb, ¯^v¯’¨, wk¶v, cvwb I m¨vwb‡Ukb, wkí wbivcËv I cwienb BZ¨vw` mswkøó bxwZgvjvmg~‡ni Dbœqb NUv‡e|

4.6 Lv`¨ mnvqZv Kg©m~wPmg~n msnZKiY †`‡ki †Kv‡bv gvbyl‡K hv‡Z Lv‡`ï Afv‡e gviv †h‡Z bv nq †mRb¨ miKvi bvMwiK‡ì Lv`¨ wbivcËv wbwðZ Kivi Dci e¨vcK ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc K‡i‡Q| Lv`¨ Drcv`b e„w× Ges mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi AvIZvq Lv`¨ mnvqZv Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni Dci †Rvi cÖ`vb miKv‡ii G g‡bvfv‡ei h_v_© cÖwZdjb| AZGe, G‡Z Avðh© nIqvi wKQzB †bB †h, Ab¨vb¨ Kg©m~wPi Zzjbvq Lv`¨ mnvqZv Kg©m~wPmg~‡n †gvU eiv‡Ïi cwigvY (miKvwi Kg©Pvix‡ì Rb¨ †cbkb Kg©m~wP e¨ZxZ) I DcKvi‡fvMxi msL¨v `ywUB †ewk| GKvi‡Y mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi GB AskwU eZ©gvb mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi g~javivq cwiYZ n‡q‡Q Ges RxebPµwfwËK KvVv‡gv‡Z wek¦ Lv`¨g~j¨ msKU, Rjevqy cwieZ©b I cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM BZ¨vw` †_‡K m„ó †hŠ_ SzuwK I AwfNvZ †gvKv‡ejvi Dcvq wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e cwieZ©bkxj A_©bxwZ I RbwgwZK KvVv‡gvi Kvi‡Y mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi GB AskwUi MyiyZ¡ †h µgvš^‡q nªvm cv‡”Q †m wel‡qI miKvi m‡PZb i‡q‡Q| Aaybv Lv`¨ `vwi`ª¨ e¨vcKfv‡e nªvm †c‡q‡Q| AvšÍR©vwZK AwfÁZv †_‡KI †`Lv †M‡Q †h cÖPwjZ mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi gva¨‡g Lv`¨ mnvqZvi †P‡q bM` A_© AwaKZi myweav cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

evsjv‡`‡k we`¨gvb Lv`¨ wbivcËvg~jK Kg©m~wPmg~n‡K PviwU fv‡M fvM Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i: mnvqZv wn‡m‡e Lv`km¨ cÖ`vb (†hgb wfwRwW); Kv‡Ri gRywi wn‡m‡e Lv`¨km¨ cÖ`vb (†hgb Kv‡Ri wewbg‡q Lv`¨); `y‡h©vM ÎvY wn‡m‡e Lv`¨km¨ cÖ`vb (†hgb wfwRGd, wUAvi, wRAvi) Ges Lv`¨g~j¨ w¯’wZkxjKiY Kvh©µg (†hgb †Lvjv evRv‡i wewµ, dzW KvW© Ges b¨vh¨g~j¨ Kg©m~wP)|

59 wRBwW

`y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbvi Ask wn‡m‡e `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv I ÎvY gš¿Yvj‡qi eë¯’vcbq `y‡h©vMKv‡j I `y‡h©vM cieZ©xKv‡j Lv`¨ mnvqZv cÖ`vb Ae¨vnZ _vK‡e| ¶zav wbimb I Lv`¨c‡Yï mnRjf¨Zv wbwðZK‡í Lv`¨ gš¿Yvj‡qi eë¯’vcbvaxb †Lvjv evRv‡i wewµ I dzW KvW© Kvh©µ‡gi cwiwa cÖ‡qvRb n‡j we¯Í…Z Kiv n‡e| IGgGm eZ©gv‡bi g‡Zv e¨vwó‡Kw›`ªK (†mjd Uv‡M©‡UW) eë¯’v wn‡m‡eB _vK‡e| IGgGm Ges `y‡h©vM ÎvY wn‡m‡e Lv`¨ weZiY eë¯’v‡K miKv‡ii Lv`¨ gRy` bxwZ I b¨vh¨g~j¨ bxwZi mv‡_ mgš^q Kiv n‡e| cywó Kg©m~wP †hgb ¯‹zj wdwWs Ges Pig cywónxbZvi wkKvi wkky‡ì Rb¨ wbivgqg~jK (†_iv‡cwUK) Lv`¨cÖ`vb Ae¨vnZ _vK‡e Ges G‡Z cÖ¯ÍvweZ gvZ…ms‡Ni (gv`vi'm K¬ve) AskMÖn‡Yi eë¯’vI _vK‡e| `xN©‡gqv‡` miKvi mKj mvgwqK Kg©m„Rbg~jK (IqvK©‡dqvi) Lv`¨ mnvqZv Kg©m~wPMywj‡K bM` A_© cÖ`vb wbf©i Kg©m~wP‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ Ki‡e| G iƒcvšÍi n‡Z n‡e myk„•Lj I c×wZMZ Dcv‡q Ges miKvi KZ©…K M„nxZe¨ GKwU we¯ÍvwiZ g~j¨vqb cÖwZ‡e`‡bi mycvwikgvjvi wfwË‡Z (`y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv I ÎvY gš¿Yvjq, Lv`¨ gš¿Yvjq, gwnjv I wkky welqK gš¿Yvjq Ges ¯’vbxq miKvi wefv‡Mi mv‡_ wbweo civg‡k©i gva¨‡g cwiKíbv Kwgk‡bi mvaviY A_©bxwZ wefvM G cÖwµqvi †bZ…Z¡ cÖ`vb Ki‡e)|

4.7 †hŠ_ (†Kv‡fwi‡qU) SzuwK †gvKv‡ejvi ¶gZv †Rvi`viKiY evsjv‡`k eb¨v ev Liv BZ¨vwì g‡Zv eo AvKv‡ii msKUcÖeY †`k| bvbv ai‡bi êwk¦K msKU †hgb Lv`¨ I R¡vjvwb msKU Ges eQi K‡qK Av‡MKvi wek¦ A_©‰bwZK g›`vi g‡Zv welqMywj Øviv G †`k cÖfvweZ n‡q _v‡K| mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’v Gme SzuwK †gvKv‡ejvq cwieviMywj‡K mnvqZv cÖ`v‡bi cvkvcvwk Zv‡ì AwfNvZ mnb ¶gZv evov‡Z m¶g n‡e| RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji ev¯Íevqb evsjv‡`‡ki GK e„nrmsL¨K bvMwiK‡ì eZ©gv‡bi †P‡q AwaKZi NvZmn

K‡i Zzj‡e| AMÖvwaKvi Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni AvIZv I mnvqZvi cwigvY e„w× Kiv n‡j GMywj SzuwKi weiæ‡× Xvj wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡e Ges `wi`ª I SzuwKMÖ¯Í Rb‡Mvôx‡K GKwU kw³kvjx Ae¯’v‡b wb‡q Avm‡Z m¶g n‡e| kw³kvjx Z_¨ eë¯’vcbv c×wZ Ges B‡jKUªwbK gva¨‡g A_© cÖ`v‡bi P¨v‡bj (lô Aa¨v‡q G wel‡q we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q) GKevi Pvjy n‡q †M‡j †h‡Kv‡bv msKUKv‡j Riæwi A_© mnvqZv cÖ`v‡b miKvi AMÖvwaKvig~jK mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPmg~n‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡Z m¶g n‡e| GQvov, miKvi mvgwqK wfwË‡Z mnvqZvi cwigvY evov‡Z m¶g n‡e, hv Kg©m~wPi myweav‡fvMx‡ì‡K AwZwi³ myweav cÖ`vb Ki‡e| AvZ¥xq ¯^R‡bi ga¨Kvi ¯^vfvweK m¤cK© I AbvbyôvwbK Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`vb cÖwµqvi Kvi‡Y fvZvMÖnYKvix Lvbvi evB‡iI Ab¨‡ì wbKU GB mnvqZv †cŠQv‡e e‡j miKvi cÖZ¨vkv K‡i| msK‡U me©vwaK AvNvZcÖeY †fŠ‡MvwjK GjvKv wPwýZ Kivi c×wZ cÖwZôvi gva¨‡g miKvi Rvb‡Z cvi‡e KLb I †Kv_vq A_© mnvqZvi cwigvY evov‡Z n‡e| 2016 mv‡ji gvSvgvwS bvMv` Gme c×wZi Rb¨ cÖ¯Ívebv cÖYqb Ki‡Z `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv I ÎvY gš¿Yvjq, ¯’vbxq miKvi, cjøx Dbœqb I mgevq gš¿Yvjq Ges mswkøó Ab¨vb¨ gš¿Yvj‡qi mv‡_ GKmv‡_ KvR Ki‡e| Pjgvb `y‡h©vM ÎvY mnvqZvwfwËK Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni cÖ¯ÍvweZ ch©v‡jvPbv †_‡K †hme mycvwik Avm‡e †m¸‡jv miKvi‡K ¯^í‡gqvw` gvbweK mnvqZvg~jK Kg©m~wP †hgb, Lv`¨ mnvqZv, bM` A_© Ges †cvkvK-cwi”Q`, A¯’vqx Avevm I Jla BZ¨vwì g‡Zv Ab¨vb¨ DcKiY mnvqZv w`‡Z m¶g Ki‡e| miKv‡i e„nËi Dbœqb cÖ‡Póvi Ask wn‡m‡e Rjevqy cwieZ©b I `y‡h©vM cÖwZ‡iv‡a M„nxZ Kg©m~wPmg~n‡K AviI †Rvi`vi Ki‡Z n‡e| G †¶‡Î cÖvK…wZK m¤c‡ì †hŠ_ eë¯’vcbvi Rb¨ kZ©hy³ bM` A_© mnvqZvi g‡Zv Kg©m~wPi K_v we‡ePbv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| K…wl M‡elYv, evua wbg©vY I cybe©bvqb, `y‡h©vM cÖ¯ÍywZi g‡Zv Kg©m~wPMywj B‡Zvg‡a¨ Rjevqy cwieZ©b I cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡M RbM‡Yi SzuwK I wec`vcbœZvi gvÎv Kgv‡Z ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv ivL‡Z ïiæ K‡i‡Q| cwiKwíZ eØxc AÂj Dbœqb Kg©m~wPi g‡Zv `xN©‡gqvw` Kg©m~wPmg~n G‡¶‡Î AviI DcKvix n‡Z cv‡i| †Kv‡bv eo ai‡bi msK‡Ui mgq miKvi mevB‡K †mevi AvIZvq Avbvi cÖwZkÖæwZ w`‡Z cv‡i bv Z‡e mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji cÖ_g cvuP eQi †k‡l Avkv Kiv hvq †h †`‡ki msL¨vMwiô bvMwiK, we‡kl K‡i me©vwaK SzuwKMÖ¯Í Ask, eZ©gv‡bi †P‡q Av‡iv fvj I my`„X Ae¯’v‡b _vK‡e| 2030 mvj bvMv` GKwU Kvh©Ki I e¨vcKwfwËK mvgvwRK wbivcËv I `y‡h©vM ÎvY eë¯’v cÖ`v‡b evsjv‡`k A‡bK `~i GwM‡q hv‡e Ges eQi eQi Gi DbœwZ mvwaZ n‡e|

4.8 we‡kl Kg©m~wP I ¶z`ª Kg©m~wPmg~n msnZKiY

mv¤cÖwZK eQi¸‡jv‡Z ¶z`ª Kg©m~wPi msL¨v `ªæZ e„w× †c‡q‡Q| Gme Kg©m~wPi †ewkifvMB Dbœqb Askx`vi‡ì D‡`¨v‡M M„nxZ n‡q‡Q| mvaviYZ mywbw`©ó P¨v‡jÄ ev mgm¨v †gvKv‡ejvq bZzb c×wZi cÖeZ©b cvBjwUs Gi gZ gnr D‡Ï‡k¨B Gme Kg©m~wP M„nxZ n‡q‡Q| Z‡e mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji g~j Kg©m~wPmg~n cÖYq‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ Gme be D™¢vweZ Kg©m~wPi mgš^q I ms‡hvRb I mswkøó D™¢vebx aviYvi gva¨‡g g~j Kg©m~wPMywji Dbœqb mvab Kiv Riæwi| AwaKšÍ,y e¨vcKwfwËK I m¤cÖmvwiZ mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi i~cK‡íi cwic~Y© Kvh©KvwiZvi Rb¨ Askx`viM‡Yi mv‡_ mgš^q Ki‡Z miKv‡ii h_vh_ Mfb¨©vÝ cÖwµqv wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| ¶z`ª Kg©m~wP ev¯ÍevqbKvix gš¿Yvjq¸‡jv, †hgb grm¨ I cÖvwYm¤c` gš¿Yvjq, ms¯‹…wZ gš¿Yvjq, hye I µxov gš¿Yvjq, cÖevmx Kj¨vY I ê‡`wkK Kg©ms¯’vb gš¿Yvjq hw` Zv‡ì Kg©m~wPMywj‡K Acwinvh© g‡b K‡i Z‡e cwiKíbv Kwgk‡bi mvaviY A_©bxwZ wefv‡Mi †bZ…‡Z¡ Zviv weR‡bm †Km cÖ¯ÍyZ Ki‡e| Gme Kg©m~wP Kx ai‡bi Kj¨vY e‡q wb‡q Avm‡e ev GMywji gva¨‡g Kx djvdj AwR©Z n‡e weR‡bm †Kmmg~‡n Zvi †hŠw³KZv _vK‡e| gš¿Yvjq KZ©…K cÖ¯‘ZK…Z weR‡bm †K‡mi wfwË‡Z †Kvb †Kvb Kg©m~wP Ae¨vnZ _vKv DwPZ ev DwPZ bq †m wel‡q mvaviY A_©bxwZ wefvM gwš¿cwil‡ì wbKU Zvi cÖ¯Ívebv Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

wØZxq Aa¨v‡q D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, Pjgvb mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi AvIZvq AímsL¨K D”P AMÖvwaKvicÖvß we‡kl Kg©m~wP Ges e„nr msL¨K ¶z`ª AvKv‡ii Kg©m~wP i‡q‡Q| we‡kl Kg©m~wP¸‡jv g~jZ gyw³‡hv×vMY I Zvu‡ì †cvl¨‡ì mnvqZv cÖ`v‡b miKv‡ii cÖwZkÖæwZ c~iYK‡í M„nxZ| gyw³‡hv×v‡ì Rb¨ M„nxZ Gme Kg©m~wP Pjgvb _vK‡e Ges GMywj‡K gyw³‡hv×v mnvqZv Kg©m~wP bv‡gi GKwUgvÎ Kg©m~wP‡Z GKxf‚Z Kiv n‡e|

60 wRBwW

G Aa¨v‡q †hme ms¯‹vi cÖ¯Íve Kiv n‡q‡Q †mMywj mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi iƒcvšÍi NwU‡q evsjv‡`‡ki bvMwiK‡ì Rb¨ bZzb hy‡Mi m~Pbv Ki‡e| RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji ev¯Íevqb n‡e msweav‡b wea„Z mvgvwRK wbivcËvi AwaKvi wbwðZK‡í miKv‡ii GK D‡jøL‡hvM¨ c`‡¶c; Z‡e G‡ÿ‡Î Pig `vwi`ª¨ wbg~©j Kiv n‡e cÖv_wgK AMÖvwaKvi| G †KŠkj eq¯‹ I cÖwZeÜx bvMwiK‡ì b¨~bZg Av‡qi wbðqZv cÖ`vbmn ZiæY Rb‡Mvôx‡K e¨vcK cÖ‡Yv`bv †`‡e hv‡Z K‡i Zv‡ì c~Y© m¤¢vebv‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡bv hvq| me©vwaK SzuwKMÖ¯Í cwievi¸‡jv‡K we‡kl K‡i bvix cÖavb cwievi¸‡jv‡K b¨~bZg Av‡qi wbðqZv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e Ges †mBmv‡_ kÖgevRv‡ii mv‡_ Zv‡ì‡K wbweofv‡e m¤c„³ Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq mnvqZv wbwðZ Kiv n‡e| RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji c~Y© ev¯Íevq‡b AvMvgx `k eQ‡i GLv‡Z e¨vcK ms¯‹vi mva‡bi cÖ‡qvRb n‡e| G‡Z A‡bK Kg©m~wP‡K †X‡j mvRv‡Z n‡e, A‡bK ¶z`ª Kg©m~wPi wejywß NUv‡Z n‡e ev Ab¨ Kg©m~wPi m‡½ GKxf‚Z Ki‡Z n‡e| Pig `vwi`ª¨ `~ixKiY‡K mve©vwaK MyiæZ¡ w`‡q ms¯‹vi Kg©m~wPi djvdj (AvDUKvg) I cÖfve, `¶Zv, Kvh©KvwiZv, cÖvwšÍKxKiY cÖwµqvi nªvm I `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb BZ¨vwì Av‡jv‡K wbqwgZfv‡e cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z n‡e| Gme ms¯‹vi Kvh©µg ev¯ÍevwqZ nevi ci evsjv‡`k RxebP‡µi wewfbœ ch©v‡qi m‡½ mswkøó SzuwK I P¨v‡jÄ †gvKv‡ejvi Dci wfwËkxj GKwU AvaywbK mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi AwaKvix n‡e| miKvwifv‡e A_©vqbcÖvß Gme Kg©m~wPi cwiwa I AvIZv _vK‡e Av‡iv we¯Í…Z Ges Mo myweavcÖvwßI n‡e D”PZi| Gi mv‡_ †hvM n‡e †emiKvwi LvZ KZ©…K A_©vwqZ wewfbœ mvgvwRK wegv I Kg©ms¯’vbwfwËK Kg©m~wP| G †hŠ_ cÖqv‡m m„ó RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’v n‡e GKwesk kZvãx‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki mvgvwRK wbivcËvi cÖ‡qvR‡bi cÖwZ eZ©gv‡bi †P‡q AwaKZi ms‡e`bkxj| ms¯‹vi ev¯Íevq‡bi †¶‡Î miKvi h_vh_ DËiYg~jK eë¯’v wbwðZ Ki‡e hv‡Z Av‡qi wfwË‡Z A‡hvM¨ nIqvi †¶Î Qvov †Kv‡bv we`¨gvb DcKvi‡fvMx Pjgvb Kg©m~wPi myweav †_‡K ewÂZ bv nb|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

cybM©wVZ mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi cÖPvi I cÖmv‡ii Rb¨ GKwU cwiKíbv cÖYqb Ki‡Z n‡e| RxebPµwfwËK bZzb mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vq Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni cÖvc¨Zv, Aby`vb mnvqZvi ewa©Z AvKvi BZ¨vw` m¤c‡K© m¤¢ve¨ DcKvi‡fvMx‡ì‡K m‡PZb Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖPwjZ wewaweavb I wbqg-Kvby‡bi mv‡_ m½wZ I Z¡wiZ iƒcvšÍi wbwðZ Ki‡Z miKvwi Askx`viMY‡K ms¯‹vi Kvh©µg m¤c‡K© AewnZ Kiv n‡e| Awf‡hvM wb®cwËmn Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevq‡bi wewfbœ †¶‡Î mykxj mgvRwfwËK msMVbMywji f‚wgKv m¤c‡K© Zv‡ì‡K m‡PZb Kiv n‡e|

61 wRBwW

Aa¨vq 5

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji A_©vqb

Aa¨vq 5

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji A_©vqb 5.1 mvwe©K wPÎ GKwU †KŠkjcÎ ev¯Íevqb‡hvM¨ n‡Z n‡j Zv Aek¨B A_©vqb‡hvM¨ nIqv cÖ‡qvRb| cÖ_g Aa¨v‡qi Z_¨ n‡Z †`Lv hvq †h, evsjv‡`k miKvi mvgvwRK wbivcËvq D”PZi AMÖvwaKvi w`‡q‡Q, hv GLv‡Zi wRwWwc I †gvU ev‡R‡Ui kZKiv Ask wnmv‡e A_©vq‡bi cwigvY e„w×i nvi †_‡K cÖZxqgvb nq| eZ©gv‡b mvgvwRK wbivcËvq miKvwi e¨‡qi cwigvY wRwWwci cÖvq 2.0 kZvsk| lô cÂevwl©K cwiKíbvq mvgvwRK wbivcËv Lv‡Zi e¨q cwiKíbvi †kl bvMv` wRwWwci kZKiv 3.0 kZvs‡k DbœxZ Kivi jÿ¨gvÎv wba©viY Kiv nq| lô cÂevwl©K cwiKíbvi cÖ_g wZb eQ‡i ev‡RU mxgve×Zvi †cÖÿvc‡U mvgvwRK wbivcËvq cÖK…Z e¨q e„w× Kiv bv †M‡jI Ggb D”P e¨‡qi jÿ¨gvÎv wba©viY G Lv‡Z miKv‡ii AvšÍwiK A½xKv‡iiB cÖwZdjb| ev‡RU mxgve×Zvi ev¯Íe cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z A`~i fwel¨‡Z RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji m¤¢ve¨ A_©vq‡bi †ÿ‡Î †hŠw³K Abygvb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| `xN©‡gqv‡` miKv‡ii ev‡RU eivÏ cÂevwl©K cwiKíbvq DwjøwLZ ga¨‡gqvw` ivR¯^ AvniY cwiKíbvi ev¯Íevqb AMÖMwZi Dci wbf©i Ki‡e| ivR¯^ Avni‡Yi AwR©Z mvdj¨ Drmvne¨ÄK n‡jI jÿ¨ c~i‡Y Av‡iv A‡bK c_ cvwo w`‡Z n‡e| D‡jøL¨ †h ga¨g Av‡qi †`‡k DËi‡Yi Dc‡hvMx A_©‰bwZK cwi‡e‡ki †cÖÿvcU we‡ePbvq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji Kg©m~wPmg~n cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| G Kvi‡Y wKQz Kg©m~wP miKvwi ivR¯^Lv‡Zi A_©vqb QvovI †emiKvwi Lv‡Zi AskMÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g e¨q eÈ‡bi wfwË‡Z cÖYxZ n‡q‡Q| d‡j µgea©gvb miKvwi m¤ú` QvovI G †KŠk‡ji ev¯Íevqb †emiKvwi A_©vq‡bi Dc‡iI wbf©i Ki‡e|

G cUf~wg‡Z, PZz_© Aa¨v‡q cÖ¯ÍvweZ mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji A_©vq‡bi welqvw` m¤ú‡K© G Aa¨v‡q Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| G Aa¨v‡q, we‡klZ ev‡RU †_‡K A_©vwqZ cÖwZwU Kg©m~wPi Rb¨ m¤¢ve¨ e¨q cÖv°jb Ges cÖv°wjZ e¨q‡K cÖvwß‡hvM¨ A_©vq‡bi mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| G Aa¨v‡q ga¨ †_‡K `xN©‡gqv‡` m¤¢ve¨ ev‡RU eivÏ we‡ePbvi cvkvcvwk cÖ¯ÍvweZ †KŠk‡ji A_©vq‡bi m¤¢ve¨Zv ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z‡e †emiKvwi A_©vq‡b †hmKj Kg©m~wP cwiPvwjZ n‡e G Aa¨v‡q †mMywji e¨q cÖv°jb Kiv nqwb| †Kbbv, e¨q cÖv°j‡bi c~‡e© PZz_© Aa¨v‡q cÖ¯ÍvweZ Uv¯‹‡dvm©mg~n Øviv G mKj Kg©m~wPi wel‡q cÖv_wgK M‡elYv m¤úv`b Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| Z`ycwi, †KŠk‡ji ev¯Íevqb msµvšÍ A_©vq‡bi m¤¢ve¨ Ab¨vb¨ Drm, †hgb, K‡c©v‡iU †mvk¨vj †imcbwmwewjwU (wmGmAvi), hvKvZ, Abvevwm evsjv‡`wk‡`i (GbAviwe) KvQ †_‡K cÖvß A_© AvšÍR©vwZK Rbwn‰Zlx Znwej BZ¨vw` wewfbœ Dr‡mi m¤¢¨veZv hvPvB K‡i †`L‡Z n‡e|

5.2 cÖ¯ÍvweZ Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni e¨q cÖv°jbt ev‡RUfz³ Kg©m~wPmg~n Aa¨vq Pv‡i †hgbwU e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q, RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡j cÖ¯ÍvweZ ms¯‹v‡ii Ab¨Zg D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv wewfbœ Kg©m~wPi g‡a¨ weivRgvb ˆØZZv cwinvi K‡i RxebPµwfwËK mgwš^Z K‡qKwU cÖavb Kg©m~wP cÖYqb Kiv| †KŠk‡j ewY©Z PviwU cÖavb ms¯‹vi cÖ¯Íve wbgœiƒc: • miKvwi A_©vq‡b cwiPvwjZ g~jZ `vwi`ª¨ I RxebP‡µi wewfbœ ch©v‡qi SuywKmg~n †gvKv‡ejv K‡i Ggb we`¨gvb

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

P~ovšÍ we‡ePbvq A_©vq‡bi †ÿ‡Î miKv‡ii AMÖvwaKvi ev¯ÍeZv I ivR‰bwZK-A_©‰bwZK †cÖÿvc‡Ui Dci wbf©i Ki‡e| AvšÍR©vwZK AwfÁZv †_‡K †`Lv hvq, mvgvwRK wbivcËvq µgea©gvb A_©vqb I Kg©m~wP we¯Ív‡ii gva¨‡g fv‡jv dj cÖvwßi Kvi‡Y G Lv‡Zi wel‡q ivR‰bwZK mg_©b e„w× cvq| ZLb miKv‡ii `vwqZ¡ n‡q c‡o mvgvwRK wbivcËv Lv‡Zi A_©vqb wbwðZ Kiv| †`‡ki mKj miKv‡ii Kv‡QB mvgvwRK wbivcËv Ab¨Zg cÖavb ivR‰bwZK AMÖvwaKvi wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡q‡Q| ga¨g Av‡qi †`‡k DËi‡Yi ev¯ÍeZvi we‡ePbvq `vwi`ª¨n«vm Ges `vwi`ª¨ `~ixKiY Kg©m~wPi cwiwai we¯Ív‡ii BwZevPK cÖfv‡ei †cÖÿvc‡U GUvB ¯^vfvweK †h miKvwi m¤ú‡`i GKwU eo Ask mvgvwRK wbivcËvg~jK Kg©m~wP‡Z eivÏ †`qv n‡e|

62 wRBwW

mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wP mg~n‡K RxebPµwfwËK 5wU Kg©m~wP‡Z mgwš^Z Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| GQvov, cÖPwjZ wbq‡gi AvaywbKvq‡bi gva¨‡g †emiKvwi Lv‡Zi Kg©ms¯’vb‡K GKwU e¨vcK mvgvwRK wbivcËv KvVv‡gvi AvIZvq wb‡q Avmvi j‡ÿ¨ G †KŠk‡j bZzb AvBb cÖYq‡bi cÖ¯Íve Kiv n‡q‡Q, †hLv‡b wb‡qvMKvix Ges wb‡qvMcÖvß‡ì g‡a¨ h_vh_ Aswk`vwi‡Z¡i wfwË‡Z e¨qfvi en‡bi welqwU we‡ePbv Kiv n‡e| • cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM †gvKv‡ejv I Lv`¨g~j¨ w¯’wZkxjKiY msµvšÍ we`¨gvb Kg©m~wPmg~n‡K 2wU cÖavb Kg©m~wP‡Z GKxf~Z Kiv ìKvi| Gi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni ˆØZZv `~ixKiY I `ÿZvi Dbœqb K‡i †hŠ_ SuywKmg~‡ni `ÿ eë¯’vcbv wbwðZKiY| GKwU Kg©m~wP me ai‡bi Kg©m„Rbg~jK Kg©m~wPm‡K Ges Ab¨wU Lv`¨ wbivcËv m¤úwK©Z Kg©m~wPmg~n‡K mgwš^Z Ki‡e| • D”P AMÖvwaKvicÖvß we‡kl Kg©mw~PMywj, h_v- gyw³‡hv×v‡ì Rb¨ Kg©m~wP, gvZ…¯^v¯’¨ †mev Kg©m~wP (GgGBPwfGm), GwZg‡ì Rb¨ Kg©m~wP Ges cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q `ycy‡ii Lvevi mieivn Kg©m~wP I Ab¨vb¨ Kg©m~wP c~‡e©i b¨vq cwiPvwjZ n‡Z _vK‡e| • h_vh_ ch©v‡jvPbvi Dci wfwË K‡i D™¢vebxg~jK Ges we¯Í…wZi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q Gi~c ÿz`ª AvKv‡ii cixÿvg~jK Kg©m~wPmg~n mgwš^Z Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| mviwY 5.1 G ms¯‹vi †KŠk‡ji mvims‡ÿc wee„Z n‡q‡Q| mviwYwU‡Z cÖ¯ÍvweZ bZzb †KŠk‡ji mv‡_ we`¨gvb Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni ZzjbvI †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| c~e©eZ©x Aa¨vqmg~‡n †hgbwU wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q, we`¨gvb mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi we‡kl K‡i wkky, we`¨vjqMvgx wkky, `wi`ª I `y¯’ gwnjv I eq¯‹‡ì Rb¨ cwiPvwjZ Kg©m~wP Mywj‡Z `ywU cÖavb mgm¨v i‡q‡Q| mgm¨v `ywU n‡jv: AwaKvsk Kg©m~wPi we¯Í…wZ Av`‡ZB AcÖZzj Ges GMywj †_‡K Mo myweav cÖvwß ev¯Í‡e ¯^í| Kg©ÿg eqmx‡ì Rb¨ M„nxZ Kg©m~wPmg~n AvcvZ`„wó‡Z ch©vß e‡j cÖwZfvZ n‡jI RxebP‡µi G ch©v‡qi mv‡_ mswkøó Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni †ÿ‡Î ˆØZZv I Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni cÖK…wZ wb‡q DrKÉv i‡q‡Q|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

mviwY 5.1: miKvwi e¨‡q A_©vwqZ RxebPµwfwËK I SuywK cÖkgbg~jK cÖavb cÖavb Kg©m~wP

63 wRBwW

K. mgwš^Z RxebPµwfwËK †gŠwjK mvgvwRK myiÿv Kvh©µgmg~n

we`¨gvb mvgvwRK myiÿv Kvh©µgmg~‡ni g¨vwcs

1. wkky‡ì Rb¨ Kg©m~wP (<1-4) wkky mnvqZv (m‡e©v”P 2 Rb) wUKv `vb, wkky¯^v¯’¨ cwiPh©v, cywó, cvwb I m¨vwb‡Ukb Ges AvDUwiP Kg©m~wPmg~n †Rvi`viKiY 2. ¯‹zjMvgx wkky‡ì Rb¨ Kg©m~wP cÖv_wgK I gva¨wgK we`¨vjq Dce„wË cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q Lvevi mieivn GwZg‡ì Rb¨ Kg©m~wP cwiZ¨³ wkky‡ì Rb¨ wkky jvjb-cvj‡b fvZv 3. K. K‡g©vc‡hvMx‡ì Rb¨ Kg©m~wP (19-59 eQi) wkÿv I cÖwkÿY †Rvi`viKiY †eKviZ¡, `yN©Ubv, Amy¯’Zv I gvZ…Z¡ wegvi Rb¨ AvBb ˆZwi Kiv Kg©m„Rbg~jK Kg©m~wP¸‡jv‡K GKxf~Z Kiv

gvZ…, wkky, cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨ KwgDwbwU ¯^v¯’¨‡mev D‡`¨vM

cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq Dce„wË gva¨wgK we`¨vjq Dce„wË cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q Lvevi GwZg‡`i Rb¨ Kg©m~wP

`wi`ª‡`i A_©‰bwZK ÿgZvqb cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg-Gi Rb¨ Lv`¨ mnvqZv AwZ`wi`ª‡`i Rb¨ Kg©m„Rb Kg©m~wP Kv‡Ri wewbg‡q Lv`¨ †mvkvj †W‡fjc‡g›U dvD‡Ûkb cjøx Kg©ms¯’vb I moK iÿYv‡eÿY Kg©m~wP GKwU evwo GKwU Lvgvi 2q AvkÖqY cÖKí

3. L. gwnjv‡ì Rb¨ Kg©m~wP (eqm 19-59) bM` A_© cÖ`vbwfwËK GKK wfWweøDwe Kg©m~wP‡Z GKÎxKiY AvbyôvwbK mKj Kg©‡ÿ‡Î wkky cwiPh©v †K›`ª _vKvi evaëvaKZv gvZ…Z¡ ¯^v¯’¨ fvDPvi w¯‹g Kg©Rxex bZzb gv‡q‡ì Rb¨ gvZ…Z¡Kvjxb wegv

fvjbv‡iej MÖæc †W‡fjc‡g›U (wfwRwW) weaev, cwiZ¨³ I `y¯’ gwnjv‡`i Rb¨ fvZv gvZ… ¯^v¯’¨ fvDPvi Kg©m~wP (GgGBPwfGm)

4. eq¯‹‡ì Rb¨ e¨vcKwfwËK †cbkb eë¯’v eq¯‹ fvZv (lv‡UvaŸ© eq¯‹ bvMwiK‡ì Rb¨) miKvwi Kg©Pvix‡ì †cbkb (AcwiewZ©Z) RvZxq mvgvwRK wegv w¯‹g Pvjyi Dcvq A‡š^lY Kiv (Kw›UªweDUwi/e¨w³Lv‡Z A_©vwqZ) †¯^”Qvq AskMÖnYg~jK †emiKvwi †cbk‡bi †ÿ‡Î wewfbœ weKí A‡š^lY K‡i †`Lv gyw³‡hv×v fvZv Kg©m~wP

5. -

fvjbv‡iej MÖæc wdwWs (wfwRGd) †U÷ wiwjd (wUAvi) MÖvUzBUvm wiwjd (wRAvi) †Lvjv evRv‡i weµq (IGgGm)

†hŠ_ (†Kv‡fwi‡qU) SuywK e¨e¯’vcbv msµvšÍ Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni †Rvi`viKiY Lv`¨ wbivcËv wbwðZKi‡Y IGgGm †Rvi`viKiY `y‡h©vM e¨e¯’vcbv‡K mvgvwRK wbivcËvi mv‡_ mgwš^Z Kiv

D™¢vebxg~jK we‡kl Kg©m~wPmg~n D™¢~Z SuywKmg~n †gvKv‡ejvq mswkøó gš¿Yvjqmg~n we‡kl Kg©m~wPi bKkv cÖYqb Ki‡e gyw³‡hv×v myweav Kg©m~wP ÿz`ª b„‡Mvôx, `wjZ, wnRov, Pv evMv‡bi kÖwgK, GBPAvBwf AvµvšÍmn mvgvwRKfv‡e wewfbœ Rb‡Mvôxi Rb¨ Kg©m~wP

ms¯‹v‡ii D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q GKB ai‡bi Kg©m~wP‡K mgwš^Z/GKxf~Z K‡i RxebPKªwfwËK cÖavb K‡qKwU Kg©m~wP‡Z i~c †`qv I myweav‡fvMx‡ì Rb¨ †mevi AvIZv Ggbfv‡e evov‡bv hv‡Z Kg©m~wPMywji KvVv‡gvB Ggb nq †h †mMywj‡Z me `wi`ª I SuywKMÖ¯Í gvbyl‡K AšÍfy©³ Kiv m¤¢e n‡e I myweav‡fvMx‡ì A_©en Dbœqb NUv‡Z Kg©m~wPi MocoZv myweav e„w× cv‡e| miKvwi ev‡RU eiv‡Ïi gva¨‡g A_©vwqZ RxebPKªwfwËK Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni cÖ¯ÍvweZ e¨q wbf©i Ki‡e RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji DcwiD³ êwkó¨ Ges cÖ‡`q fvZv/myweavi AbywgZ AvKv‡ii Dc‡i (we¯ÍvwiZ wPÎ 5.1 G)| miKvwi A_©vq‡b cwiPvwjZ mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni e¨q wba©viY wel‡q we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbvi c~‡e© GwU we‡ePbvq †bIqv Riæwi †h mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi c~Y©v½ A_©vqb miKvwi I †emiKvwi Lv‡Zi Askx`vwi‡Z¡i wfwË‡Z n‡e| miKvwi e¨‡q cwiPvwjZ Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni A_©vqb n‡jv †KŠk‡ji mvwe©K A_©vq‡bi GKwU AskgvÎ; Avi Ab¨ AskwUi A_©vqb g~jZ †emiKvwi Lv‡Zi mvgvwRK wegv I Kg©ms¯’vb msµvšÍ wewaweav‡bi Dci wbf©ikxj| †KŠkjwUi A_©vq‡bi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© GB w`KwU wPÎ 5.1 G cÖ`wk©Z n‡q‡Q|

Kvh©µ‡gi aiY

A_©vq‡bi Drm

D`vniY

mvgvwRK wegv

†hŠ_ †cbkb myiÿv †cbkb AÿgZv mnvqZv ‡eKvi wegv gvZ…Z¡ wegv gi‡YvËi cÖvc¨ mnvqZv

kÖg AvBb

mvgvwRK fvZv cÖ`vb

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

64 wRBwW

e· 5.1: e¨q wba©vi‡Yi †ÿ‡Î cÖavb AbywgZ wm×všÍmg~n (`vwi`ª¨ I SuywKMÖ¯ÍZvi Dci wfwË K‡i): GKwU D`vniY 1. 2010-2030 mvj bvMv` RbmsL¨v cÖ‡ÿcY †_‡K RxebPµwfwËK †gŠwjK mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi AvIZvq †gvU myweav‡fvMxi msL¨v Zzjbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| 2. cÖ¯ÍvweZ mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji kyiæi ZvwiL n‡jv 2015-16 A_©eQi| 3. cÖ_g eQi ev¯Íevqb nvi n‡e 60 kZvsk, wØZxq eQ‡i 80 kZvsk Ges Z…Zxq eQ‡i 100 kZvsk| 4. myweav‡fvMx‡`i msL¨v wba©vi‡Yi nvi n‡jv 50% (`wi`ª I SuywKMÖ¯Í msÁvwqZ n‡q‡Q Gfv‡e 1.25x D”P `vwi`ª¨ ‡iLv)| G c×wZ Abymv‡i cÖv°wjZ †gvU myweav‡fvMxi msL¨v n‡jv 35.7 wgwjqb| 5. gwš¿cwil‡`i wb‡`©kbv Abyhvqx we`¨vjq Dce„wË (QvÎcÖwZ gvwmK 300 UvKv) Ges cÖwZeÜx fvZvmg~n (e¨w³cÖwZ gvwmK 1500 UvKv) e¨ZxZ e¨w³cÖwZ cÖwZ gv‡m 500 UvKv bM` mnvqZv we‡ePbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| 6. cÖv°wjZ myweav‡fvMxi msL¨v I evwl©K 6 kZvsk nv‡i Mo gy`ªvùxwZ we‡ePbv K‡i UvKvi PjwZ g~‡j¨ fwel¨r e¨q (2015-16 A_©eQi cieZ©x) cÖv°jb Kiv n‡q‡Q| 7. 2015-16 A_©eQ‡i RxebPµwfwËK †gŠwjK Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni †gvU e¨q n‡e wRwWwci 1.07 kZvsk (184.1 wewjqb UvKv)| 8. RxebPµwfwËK Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni evB‡i Ab¨vb¨ Kg©m~wPi (SuywK n«vm, we‡klvwqZ I ÿz`ª Kg©m~wP) e¨q AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡e e‡j we‡ePbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

65 wRBwW

gvwmK fvZv ev mnvqZv (UvKv)

500

60%

1. eq¯‹ fvZv

5.5 (10.8 wgwjq‡bi 50%)

0.6 wgwjqb

1.0 (2 wgwjq‡bi 50%)

1500

60%

10.8

4. wkky mnvqZv

7.5 (15 wgwjq‡bi 50%)

500

60%

27.0

17.9 (36 wgwjq‡bi 50%)

300

60%

38.7

500

60%

11.5

(`yt¯’ gwnjv mnvqZv)

3.2 (6.4 wgwjq‡bi 50%)

†gvU

35.7 wgwjqb

20.1* 76.0

184.1

* eq¯‹ fvZvi AvIZvq 90 eQi I Z`~aŸ©‡`i Rb¨ gv_vwcQz cÖwZgv‡m 3000 UvKv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e a‡i 0.3 wewjqb UvKv e¨q wnmve Kiv n‡q‡Q|

5.2.1 eq¯‹‡ì Rb¨ e¨vcKwfwËK †cbkb eë¯’v G Kg©m~wP ms¯‹v‡ii 4wU Ask wbgœiƒc: • lvU I Z`~aŸ© eqmx mKj (eqmwfwËK G `‡ji 50%) `wi`ª I SuywKMÖ¯Í bvMwiK‡K eq¯‹ fvZv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e| 2015-16 A_©eQ‡ii A_©g~‡j¨ gvwmK †cbk‡bi cwigvY n‡e 500 UvKv| gy`ªvùxwZi mv‡_ fvZvi cwigvY m½wZc~Y© Kiv n‡e| hv‡ì eqm 90 Qvwo‡q hv‡e Zv‡ì †ÿ‡Î gvwmK fvZvi cwigvY n‡e 3,000 UvKv| •

• wb‡qvMKvix Ges Kg©x Df‡qi Aswk`vwi‡Z¡i Dci wfwË K‡i RvZxq mvgvwRK wegv w¯‹g (GbGmAvBGm) Pvjyi m¤¢vebv I my‡hvM AbymÜvb Kiv n‡e| • †ckv ev Kg©ms¯’vb wbwe©‡k‡l mevi Rb¨ Db¥y³ †emiKvwi †¯^”Qvq AskMÖnYg~jK †cbkb (wcwfwc) eë¯’v cÖYq‡bi wewfbœ m¤¢vebv ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡e| cÖ_g AskwU, A_©vr eq¯‹ fvZv m¤ú~Y©fv‡e miKv‡ii ev‡RU eivÏ n‡Z A_©vwqZ n‡e| wØZxq AskwU, A_©vr miKvwi PvKzwiRxex †cbk‡bi A_©vqbI ev‡RU †_‡K Kiv n‡e| Ab¨ `ywU Ask, mvgvwRK wegv I †¯^”Qvq AskMÖnYg~jK †cbkb †emiKvwi m¤ú‡ì gva¨‡g A_©vwqZ n‡e| eZ©gvb RbwgwZK web¨v‡mi wfwË‡Z RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji AvIZvq cybM©wVZ Kg©m~wPmg~n ev¯Íevq‡bi cÖ_g eQi, A_©vr 2015-16 A_©eQ‡i lv‡UvaŸ© eqmx‡ì msL¨v n‡e cÖvq 11.4 wgwjqb| cÖvq 0.6 wgwjqb miKvwi †cbkbcÖvß e¨w³‡K we‡ePbvq wb‡q cÖK…Z eq¯‹ fvZv †c‡Z cv‡i Ggb e¨w³e‡M©i msL¨v n‡e 10.8 wgwjqb| cÖwZ gv‡m 500 UvKv wba©vwiZ fvZv/myweav, Avq gvb`‡Ði wfwË‡Z (`wi`ª I SuywKMÖ¯Í msÁvwqZ n‡q‡Q Gfv‡e 1.25x D”P `vwi`ª¨ †iLv) 50% myweav‡fvMx wba©viY Ges cÖ_g eQ‡i 60 kZvsk ev¯Íevqb we‡ePbv K‡i wfwË eQ‡i (2015-16 A_©eQi) †gvU e¨q cÖv°jb Kiv n‡q‡Q 19.8 wewjqb UvKv|19 beŸB eQi I Z`yaŸ© eqmx‡ì †ÿ‡Î jÿ¨fz³ RbmsL¨v 2015-16 A_©eQ‡i 16,000 Rb n‡e e‡j cÖv°jb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avq we‡ePbvq 50% myweav‡fvMx eve` 2015-16 A_©eQ‡i G As‡ki cÖv°wjZ e¨q 0.3 wewjqb UvKv| Gfv‡e eq¯‹ fvZv Kg©m~wPi †gvU e¨q GB A_©eQ‡ii Rb¨ cÖv°jb Kiv n‡q‡Q 20.1 wewjqb UvKv (mviwY 5.2)| evsjv‡`‡ki RbmsL¨vi e‡qve„w×i cÖeYZv, 2017-18 A_©eQi bvMv` mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji 100% ev¯Íevqb Ges gy`ªvùxwZi (evsjv‡`k e¨vsK KZ…©K AbywgZ evwl©K Mo 6 kZvsk gy`ªvùxwZ) Dci wfwË K‡i G Kg©m~wPi fwel¨r e¨q cÖ‡ÿcY (PjwZ A_©g~‡j¨) Kiv n‡q‡Q| 2019-20 A_©eQi ch©šÍ cÖv°wjZ e¨‡qi wnmve mviwY 5.3 G cÖ`wk©Z n‡q‡Q| miKvwi Kg©Pvwi‡ì †cbk‡bi e¨q wba©viY: G‡ÿ‡Î †Kv‡bv ai‡bi cwieZ©b cÖ¯Íve Kiv nqwb| 2012-13 A_©eQ‡ii cÖK…Z e¨q I gy`ªvùxwZ e„w×i Dci wbf©i K‡i fwel¨r e¨q cÖv°jb Kiv n‡q‡Q| 2015-16 A_©eQ‡ii Rb¨ G Lv‡Zi e¨q cÖv°jb Kiv n‡q‡Q 76 wewjqb UvKv (mviwY 5.2)| 2019-20 A_©eQi ch©šÍ cÖv°wjZ e¨q mviwY 5.3 G †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| 5.2.2 cÖwZeÜx‡ì Rb¨ Kg©m~wP •

`wi`ª I SuywKMÖ¯Í cwievifz³ cÖwZwU cÖwZeÜx wkky‡K gvwmK 1,500 UvKv nv‡i cÖwZeÜx fvZv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e|

•

Ab¨vb¨ Kg©m~wPi b¨vq eq¯‹ cÖwZeÜx‡ì Rb¨ GKB Avq gvb`‡Ði wfwË‡Z Kg©m~wPi e¨q wnmve Kiv n‡q‡Q| A_©vr, eq¯‹ cÖwZeÜx‡ì 50 kZvsk G Kg©m~wPi Rb¨ †hvM¨ we‡ewPZ n‡e| Kg©m~wPwU 3 eQ‡i µgvš^‡q c~Y©v½ ev¯Íevqb Kiv n‡e| 2015-16 A_©eQ‡i A_v©r RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj ev¯Íevq‡bi cÖ_g eQ‡i, G Kg©m~wP‡Z e¨q n‡e cÖvq 10.8 wewjqb UvKv (mviwY 5.2)| G‡ÿ‡Î, cÖvmw½K gy`ªvùxwZ we‡ePbvq PjwZ g~‡j¨ Kg©m~wPi e¨q wnmve Kiv n‡q‡Q| 2019-20 A_©eQi ch©šÍ Kg©m~wPi cÖv°wjZ e¨q mviwY 5.3 †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| 19 PZz_© Aa¨v‡q wee„Z †KŠkj Abyhvqx GbGmGmGm-Gi ev¯Íevqb ïiæi w`b †_‡K 3 eQi mg‡qi g‡a¨ ewa©Z RxebPµwfwËK Kg©m~wPmg~n ev¯Íevqb Kiv n‡e| cÖv°j‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ 60% (1g eQi); 80% (2q eQi); 100% (3q eQi) nv‡i ev¯Íevqb c_‡iLv aviYv Kiv n‡q‡Q| ev¯Íevq‡bi mgq cÖv_wgKfv‡e AwZ `wi`ª‡ì MyiæZ¡ †`qv n‡e|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

cÖwZeÜx‡`i‡K wbgœiƒc myweav cÖ`vb Kiv n‡et

66 wRBwW

5.2.3 wkky‡ì Rb¨ Kg©m~wP mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡j wkky‡ì Rb¨ cÖwZeÜx myweav QvovI `yB ai‡bi †gŠwjK Kg©m~wPi cÖ¯Íve Kiv n‡q‡Qt • `wi`ª I SuywKMÖ¯Í cwiev‡ii k~b¨ †_‡K Pvi eQi eqmx mKj wkky‡K gvwmK 500 UvKv K‡i wkky Aby`vb †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i| • `wi`ª I SuywKMÖ¯Í cwiev‡ii cÖv_wgK I gva¨wgK we`¨vjqMvgx mKj wkky‡K gv‡m 300 UvKv K‡i we`¨vjq-Dce„wË †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i| wkky‡ì Rb¨ cÖ‡`q Aby`vb I Dce„wËi UvKv wkky‡ì gv‡q‡ì e¨vsK-wnmv‡e Rgv n‡e| 2015-16 A_©eQ‡i †`‡k 4 eQ‡ii Kg eqmx wkkyi msL¨v n‡e cÖvq 15 wgwjqb| Zb¥‡a¨ 50 kZvsk Av‡jvP¨ Kg©m~wPi AvIZvfz³ n‡j Ges cÖ_g eQ‡i Kg©m~wPwUi 60 kZvs‡ki ev¯Íevqb we‡ePbv Ki‡j 2015-16 A_©eQ‡i Kg©m~wPwUi †gvU e¨q ùvov‡e 27 wewjqb UvKv (mviwY 5.2)| cÖ‡ÿwcZ RbwgwZK web¨vm, 2017-18 A_©eQi bvMv` Kg©m~wPwUi kZKiv 100 fvM ev¯Íevqb Ges gy`ªvùxwZi nvi we‡ePbvq wb‡q cÖ¯ÍvweZ Kg©m~wPi †gvU e¨q cÖv°jb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gfv‡e 2019-20 A_©eQ‡i cÖ¯ÍvweZ Kg©m~wPi m¤¢ve¨ e¨q mviwY 5.3 G †`qv n‡q‡Q| 2015-16 A_©eQ‡i cÖv_wgK I gva¨wgK we`¨vj‡qi ¯‹zjMvgx wkkyi msL¨v n‡e cÖvq 36 wgwjqb| Avq gvb`‡Ði wnmve Abyhvqx eqm wfwËK GB `jfz³ wkky‡ì g‡a¨ 50 kZvsk myweav‡fvMx n‡e Ges 2015-16 A_©eQ‡i G Kg©m~wPwUi 60 kZvsk ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡e GB we‡ePbvq 2015-16 A_©eQ‡i Kg©m~wPwUi †gvU e¨q n‡e 38.7 wewjqb UvKv| cÖ‡ÿwcZ RbwgwZK web¨vm, 2017-18 A_©eQi bvMv` Kg©m~wPwUi c~Y©v½ ev¯Íevqb Ges AbywgZ Mo gy`ªvùxwZi Dci wfwË K‡i fwel¨r e¨q cÖv°jb Kiv n‡q‡Q| 2019-20 A_©eQi ch©šÍ cÖv°wjZ e¨‡qi wnmve mviwY 5.3 G cÖ`wk©Z n‡jv| 5.2.4 bvix‡ì Rb¨ Kg©m~wP RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji Aax‡b bvixiv eq¯‹ fvZv cv‡e Ges cÖvmw½K n‡j cÖwZeÜx myweavI cv‡e| GQvovI, G †KŠk‡j `yt¯’ I Kg©ÿg eqmx bvix‡ì (`wi`ª I SuywKMÖ¯Í weaev, `wjZ, ¯^vgx cwiZ¨³ gwnjv, bvix-cÖavb Lvbv) we‡kl mgm¨vi K_v we‡ePbvq wb‡q Zv‡ì‡K cybM©wVZ `yt¯’/SuywKMÖ¯Í gwnjv myweav (wfWweøDwe)-Gi AvIZvq GKwU mvwe©K Avq n¯ÍvšÍi Kvh©µg eve` gv_vwcQz gvwmK 500 UvKv cÖ`v‡bi cÖ¯Íve Kiv n‡q‡Q| †gvU 3.2 wgwjqb gwnjv G myweav cv‡e| 2015-16 A_©eQ‡i Kg©m~wPwUi 60 kZvsk ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡j cybM©wVZ G Kg©m~wPwU‡Z cÖ_g eQ‡i †gvU e¨q n‡e 11.5 wewjqb UvKv (mviwY 5.2)| Kg©m~wPi fwel¨r e¨q cÖ‡ÿc‡Yi †ÿ‡Î Abygvb Kiv n‡q‡Q †h wfWweøDwe myweav‡fvMxi msL¨v †gvU bvix RbmsL¨vi Ask wn‡m‡e AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡e, 2017-18 A_©eQi bvMv` Kg©m~wPwUi c~Y©v½ ev¯Íevqb m¤¢e n‡e Ges gy`ªvùxwZi m¤¢ve¨ cÖfve ejer _vK‡e| A_©eQi 2019-20 ch©šÍ cÖv°wjZ e¨q mviwY 5.3 G †`Lv‡bv n‡jv|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

cÖ¯ÍvweZ wfWweøDwe Kg©m~wP QvovI Kg©Rxex bvix‡ì Rb¨ mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡j kÖgevRv‡i bvix‡ì cÖ‡ek mnRZi Ki‡Z mKj miKvwi I AvbyôvwbK †emiKvwi Lv‡Zi Awd‡m wkky †mev †K›`ª cÖwZôv Kiv Ges Kg©Rxex bvix‡ì Rb¨ gvZ…Z¡ wegv cÖYq‡bi cÖ¯Íve Kiv n‡q‡Q| †KŠk‡j AviI ejv n‡q‡Q †hme evev Zv‡ì wkky mšÍvb‡K gv‡qi Kv‡Q †d‡j †i‡L cwiZ¨vM K‡i Zv‡ì‡K AvBb Abyhvqx mšÍv‡bi jvjb-cvj‡bi LiP w`‡Z eva¨ Kivi c`‡ÿc †bqv n‡e|

67 wRBwW

Avq‡hvM¨Zvi gvb`Ð I Ab¨vb¨ †hvM¨Zvi gvb`Ð cÖ‡qvM K‡i RxebPµwfwËK wewfbœ Kg©m~wP †_‡K 2017-18 A_©eQi bvMv` (hLb RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji c~Y©v½ ev¯Íevqb ïiæ n‡e) †gvU 35.7 wgwjqb `wi`ª I `vwi`ª¨SuywKMÖ¯Í Rb‡Mvôx DcK…Z n‡e| DcKvi‡fvMxi me©‡gvU msL¨v n‡e 2017-18 A_©eQ‡ii †gvU RbmsL¨vi 22 kZvsk|

5.3 cÖ‡qvRbxq A_©vqb I A‡_©i cÖvc¨Zv 5.3.1 cybM©wVZ mvgvwRK wbivcËv eve` e¨q: RxebPµwfwËK Kg©m~wPmgyn cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ †gvU e¨q RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji AvIZvq miKvwi A_©vq‡b cwiPvwjZ n‡e Ggb RxebPµwfwËK g~j Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni †gvU e¨q ms‡ÿ‡c mviwY 5.2 G †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| bZzb †KŠkj ev¯Íevq‡bi cÖ_g eQ‡i A_v©r 2015-16 A_©eQ‡i †gvU e¨q wnmve Kiv n‡q‡Q 184.1 wewjqb UvKv hv wRwWwci cÖvq 1.07 kZvsk|

mviwY 5.2: wfwË eQi (A_©eQi 2015-16)-Gi miKvwi Znwe‡j A_©vwqZ RxebPµwfwËK Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq A‡_©i cwigvY m¤ú~Y© ev¯Íevq‡b e¨q (A_©eQi 2017-18)

- eq¯‹ fvZv

20.1

35.3

37.4

5.5

- miKvwi PvKzwiRxex‡`i †cbkb

80.0

85.0

0.6

10.8

19.1

20.2

1.0

3. wkky mnvqZv

27.0

47.7

50.6

7.5

38.7

68.3

72.4

17.9

11.5

20.4

21.6

3.2

†gvU

184.1

270.7

287.1

35.7

bwgbvj wRwWwc

17,176

19,517

22,177

1.07

1.40

1.30

(wewjqb UvKv)

1. eq¯‹‡`i Rb¨ †cbkb

GLv‡b KwZcq welq D‡jøL Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| cÖ_gZ, miKvwi PvKzwiRxex †cbkb n‡”Q me‡P‡q e¨qenyj Kg©m~wP| GwU `vwi`ª¨ wbimbg~jK †Kv‡bv Kg©m~wP bq| G Kg©m~wP eve` LiP ev` †`qv n‡j 2015-16 A_©eQ‡i g~j RxebPµwfwËK Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni †gvU e¨q `vuov‡e wRwWwci 0.63 kZvs‡k| 2017-18 A_©eQi bvMv` RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji ú~Y©v½ ev¯Íevqb ïiæ n‡j miKvwi †cbkb ev‡` mKj RxebPµwfwËK Kg©m~wPi e¨q †e‡o wM‡q `vuov‡e wRwWwci 0.91 kZvs‡k| wØZxqZ, mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wP msµvšÍ e¨q wba©vi‡Yi cÖ¯Íve wewfbœ myweav‡fvMxi K_v we‡ePbvq wb‡q cÖ¯ÍyZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| D‡jøL¨, g~j RxebPµwfwËK Kg©m~wPmg~n (miKvwi PvKzwiRxex‡ì Rb¨ cwiPvwjZ †cbkb e¨ZxZ) ev¯Íevq‡bi gva¨‡g cÖ`Ë myweavi cÖvq 60 kZvskB `wi`ª I SuywKMÖ¯Í cwieviMywji wkkyiv cv‡e| GB mvgvwRK e¨q evsjv‡`‡ki Dbœq‡b e¨vcK cÖfve †dj‡e e‡j Abygvb Kiv n‡q‡Q| GKBfv‡e, mKj mvgvwRK wbivcËv cÖ`vb eve` e¨q‡K †`‡ki e¨vcKZi Dbœq‡b miKv‡ii wewb‡qvM wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv n‡e| †`‡ki Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ ZvB RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji MyiæZ¡ Acwimxg| 5.3.2 cybM©wVZ mvgvwRK wbivcËvi e¨q: †hŠ_ SuywK cÖkgb, we‡klvwqZ I ÿz`ª Kg©m~wPmg~n RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡j Kg©m„Rb I Lv`¨ wbivcËvg~jK Kg©m~wPMywji †gvU cÖK…Z e¨q AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡e e‡j cÖv°jb Kiv n‡q‡Q| gyw³‡hv×v‡ì Rb¨ we‡klvwqZ Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni g‡a¨ `ywU cÖavb Kg©m~wP Pjgvb i‡q‡Q: f~wgnxb I `wi`ª gyw³‡hv×v‡ì Rb¨ M„n/Avevmb wbgv©Y Ges Am”Qj gyw³‡hv×v‡ì Rb¨ m¤§vbx cÖ`vb|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

Drm: GbGmGmGm cÖ‡ÿcY|

68 wRBwW

G `ywU Kg©m~wP eve` 2012-13 A_©eQ‡i 5.8 wewjqb UvKv e¨q nq (mviwY 2.1)| GQvov, we‡kl cÖ‡qvRb i‡q‡Q Ggb Rb‡Mvôx, †hgb, GBPAvBwf AvµvšÍ gvbyl, D”P SuywK‡Z _vKv wkky, wnRov, `wjZ, Pv evMv‡bi kÖwgK cÖf…wZ Rb‡Mvôxi Rb¨ mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji AvIZvq we‡klvwqZ Kg©m~wP Pjgvb _vK‡e| aviYv Kiv n‡”Q †h, Gme Kg©m~wPi †gvU e¨q AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡e| GQvovI, wZbwU we‡kl Kg©m~wPi Rb¨ (gvZ…¯^v¯’¨ fvDPvi w¯‹g, GwZg‡ì Rb¨ Kg©m~wP Ges we`¨vj‡q Lvevi mieivn Kg©m~wP) 2012-13 A_©eQ‡i 6.3 wewjqb UvKv LiP nq| cÖv°j‡bi myweav‡_© Gme Kg©m~wPi cÖK…Z e¨q w¯’i aiv n‡q‡Q| ÿzz`ª Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni †ÿ‡ÎI aviYv Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, Gme Kg©m~wPi e¨q cÖK…Z A‡_© AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡e| hwÌ A‡bK Kg©m~wPB m¤¢eZ wejyß n‡q hv‡e, Z‡e wKQz D™¢vebxg~jK ev bZzbZ¡c~Y© Kg©m~wP Ae¨vnZ _vK‡e Ges bZyb D™¢vebxg~jK Kg©m~wPmg~n cixÿvg~jK wfwË‡Z Avm‡Z cv‡i| wejyß Kg©m~wPmg~n †_‡K †h A‡_©i mvkÖq NU‡e Zv RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’v kw³kvjxKi‡Y M‡elYv I Dbœqb (AviGÛwW) Kvh©µ‡gi Znwej wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡e| RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji e¨q cÖv°j‡bi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© w`K GLv‡b D‡jøL Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni e¨q wba©vi‡Y GKwU eo wba©viK n‡jv RbwgwZK web¨vm| cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q wkky‡ì Rb¨ †hme Kg©m~wP cwiPvwjZ n‡e †mMywj mvgvwRK wbivcËv msµvšÍ e¨q wba©vi‡Yi †ÿ‡Î cÖvavb¨ we¯Ívi Ki‡e| e¯ÍyZ e¨q wnmv‡ei †ÿ‡Î eq¯‹ fvZv GKwU cÖavb wbY©vq‡K cwiYZ n‡e| Rb¥nvi n«v‡mi Kvi‡Y ZiæY Rb‡Mvôxi msL¨v e„w×i MwZ kø_ nIqvq I Mo Avqy®‹vj †e‡o hvIqvi Kvi‡Y mvwe©K RbmsL¨vq †h eq¯‹ gvby‡li msL¨v †e‡o hv‡e mvgvwRK wbivcËv welqK fwel¨r e¨‡qi cwiKíbv‡Z †m ev¯ÍeZv cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q| RbmsL¨vMZ Giƒc cwieZ©b cy‡iv GKwesk kZvãx Ry‡o Pj‡e e‡j aviYv Kiv n‡q‡Q| DbœZ I AMÖmi †`kMywj‡ZI GKB ai‡bi RbwgwZK iƒcvšÍi Pj‡Q| mvgvwRK wbivcËv welqK wewfbœ Kg©m~wP eve` A_©vq‡bi †ÿ‡Î GB RbwgwZK iƒcvšÍ‡ii welqwU we‡ePbvq ivL‡Z n‡e| 5.3.3 A_©vqb cÖvc¨Zv I A_©vq‡bi fvimvg¨ ev‡R‡Ui gva¨‡g eivÏK…Z m¤ú‡ì we‡ePbvq RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡j cÖ¯ÍvweZ Kg©m~wPMywji e¨q msKzjvb n‡e wKbv Zv GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© bxwZMZ cÖkœ| mviwY 5.3 -G cÖ‡qvRbxq A_©vq‡bi m¤¢ve¨ cwiw¯’wZ †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| mvgvwRK wbivcËv Lv‡Zi e¨q‡K wRwWwci kZKiv wn‡m‡e AcwieZ©bkxj (wRwWwci 2.2 kZvsk) a‡i wb‡q AbywgZ e¨q cÖv°jb Kiv n‡q‡Q|20 `ywU Kvi‡Y GwU GKwU iÿYkxj Abygvb: cÖ_gZ, lô cÂevwl©K cwiKíbvi †kl bvMv` miKvi mvgvwRK wbivcËv msµvšÍ e¨‡q wRwWwci Ask 2.1 kZvsk †_‡K evwo‡q 3 kZvs‡k DbœxZ Ki‡Z Pvq| wØZxqZ, lô cÂevwl©K cwiKíbvi nvjbvMv`K…Z ga¨‡gqvw` mvgwóK A_©bxwZ KvVv‡gv †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h Pjgvb Ki ms¯‹v‡ii AMÖMwZ lô cÂevwl©K cwiKíbvi wfwË eQi A_©vr 2009-10 -Gi Zzjbvq 2015-16 A_©eQ‡i wRwWwcÕ‡Z mvgvwRK wbivcËv Lv‡Zi e¨q 3 kZvs‡k DbœxZ Ki‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡e | eZ©gvb avivi g‡ZvB wRwWwci cÖe„w×i nvi eQ‡i M‡o 6 kZvsk Ae¨vnZ _vK‡e Ggb Abygv‡bi Dc‡i wfwË K‡i Av‡jvP¨ A_©vq‡bi cÖv°jb Kiv n‡q‡Q| mviwY 5.3: RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡j Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni e¨q wbav©iY ev Kw÷s (wewjqb UvKv)

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

Kg©m~wP

69 wRBwW

K. RxebPµwfwËK g~j Kg©m~wPmg~n 1) eq¯‹ fvZv 2) miKvwi PvKzwiRxex †cbkb 3) cÖwZeÜx myweav 4) wkky mnvqZv 5) wkky‡`i we`¨vjq Dce„wË 6) `y¯’ gwnjv mnvqZv RxebPµwfwËK meMy‡jv Kg©m~wPi †gvU e¨q (1+2+3+4+5+6) L. we‡kl Kg©m~wPmg~n M. †hŠ_ SuywK cÖkgb Kg©m~wPmg~n

A_©eQi 2019-20

20.1 76.0 10.8 27.0 38.7 11.5 184.1

35.3 80.0 19.1 47.7 68.3 20.4

37.4 85.0 20.2 50.6 72.4 21.6

39.6 90.0 21.4 53.6 76.7 22.9

42.0 95.0 22.7 56.8 81.4 24.2

270.7

287.1

304.3

322.1

14 97

15 103

16 109

17 116

18 123

20 GbGmGmGm ev¯Íevq‡b wRwWwci Abycv‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq ev‡RU eivÏ cÖPwjZ ev‡RU cÖwµqv AbymiY K‡iB P~ovšÍ Kiv n‡e|

Kg©m~wP N. ÿz`ª Kg©m~wPmg~n †gvU e¨q (K+L+M+N) wRwWwc (†eBm †KBm) RxebPµwfwËK g~j Kg©m~wP (wRwWwci %) †Kv‡fwi‡qU I Ab¨vb¨ (wRwWwci %) †gvU e¨q (wRwWwci %) O. A_©vqb e¨eavb ( †eBm †KBm wRwWwc) we`¨gvb A_©vqb (wRwWwci %) we`¨gvb A_©vqb (wewjqb UvKv) fvimvg¨ A_©vqb fvimvg¨ A_v©qb (wRwWwci %)

A_©eQi 2019-20

42 337.1 17,176 1.07 0.89 1.96

44 432.7 19,517 1.4 0.83 2.22

47 459.1 22,177 1.3 0.87 2.07

50 487.3 25,223 1.2 0.73 1.93

53 516.1 28,739 1.1 0.68 1.80

2.2 378 (+) 41 (+) 0.24

2.2 429 (-) 4 (-) 0.02

2.2 488 (+) 29 (+) 0.13

2.2 555 (+)68 (+) 0.27

2.2 632 (+) 116 (+) 0.40

Drm: GbGmGmGm cÖv°jb| mswkøó cÖavb gš¿Yvjq¸‡jvi mv‡_ civgk©µ‡g GbGmGmGm-Gi Kg©cwiKíbv cÖYq‡bi mgq GB ZvwË¡K A_©vqb cwiKíbv P~ovšÍ Kiv n‡e|

fvimvg¨c~Y© †eBm †KBm A_©vqb: mvgvwRK wbivcËv welqK Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq m¤ú` ev¯Íem¤§Zfv‡e msM„nxZ n‡e e‡j aviYv Kiv n‡q‡Q| G `„k¨Kí Abyhvqx 2019-20 mvj ch©šÍ RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj ev¯Íevq‡b m¤ú` AvniY Lye GKwU eo evav n‡e bv| G cÖv°j‡bi Abykxjb wb‡gœv³ Kvi‡Y Avkve¨ÄK: • cÖ_gZ, mvgvwRK wbivcËv ms¯‹vi Kg©m~wP iÿYkxj A_©cÖvwßi †ÿ‡ÎI A_©vqb‡hvM¨| cÖ_g K‡qK eQi A_©cÖvwß I cÖ‡qvRbxq A_©vq‡bi †fZ‡i †h ÿz`ª cv_©K¨ _vK‡e Zv µgea©gvb ev‡R‡Ui mvgvwRK wbivcËv Lv‡Z AwZwi³ eivÏ e„w× Øviv c~iY Kiv m¤¢eci n‡e| GgbwK e¨q hLb 2016-17 A_©eQ‡i m‡e©v”P ch©v‡q DbœxZ n‡e, Z_v mvgvwRK wbivcËv e¨q hLb wRwWwci 2.22 kZvsk n‡e ZLbI Zvi cwigvY lô cÂevwl©K cwiKíbvi cÖv°j‡bi †P‡q Kg, A_©vr, wRwWwci 3 kZvs‡ki bx‡P _vK‡e| me‡P‡q MyiyZ¡c~Y© welq n‡jv ms¯‹v‡ii gva¨‡g m„ó AwZwi³ myweav A‡bKvs‡kB `wi`ª I SuywKMÖ¯Í cwievimg~‡ni wkky‡`i Kv‡Q †cuŠQv‡e, hv miKv‡ii GKwU D”P AMÖvwaKvi e‡j we‡ewPZ| • wØZxqZ, cÖ‡ÿcY Abyhvqx cÖ¯ÍvweZ mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkjwU `xN© †gqv‡` µgea©gvb eq¯‹ Rb‡Mvôx Ges µgn«vmgvb ZiæY Rb‡Mvôxi RbwgwZK cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y©| • Z…ZxqZ, cwiexÿY I g~j¨vq‡bi wfwË‡Z cÖ¯ÍvweZ †gŠwjK Kg©m~wP ewnf©~Z Ab¨vb¨ GKK Kg©m~wPi Kvh©KvwiZv wbi~cY mv‡c‡ÿ we‡ewPZ mdj Kg©m~wP‡Z ch©vß A_©vqb wbwðZKi‡Yi j‡ÿ¨ G †KŠkjc‡Î Kg©m~wP wbwe©‡k‡l m¤ú` ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii †KŠkj MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q|

5.4 `vwi`ª¨n«v‡m cÖ¯ÍvweZ cybM©wVZ mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi f~wgKv mgwš^Z I cybM©wVZ bZzb mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPMywj ev¯Íevq‡bi d‡j `vwi`ª¨ I `vwi`ª¨ MfxiZv n«v‡m fv‡jv djvdj AwR©Z n‡jB †KejgvÎ we`¨gvb Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni cÖ¯ÍvweZ cybM©Vb mdj ev A_©c~Y© n‡e| cybM©wVZ Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni ev¯Íevqb Ges cieZ©x Lvbv Rwi‡ci gva¨‡g cÖvß Z_¨ we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡gB †Kej Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni cÖK…Z djvdj/Kvh©KvwiZv wba©viY Kiv m¤¢eci n‡e| me©‡kl Lvbv Avq-e¨q Rwic †_‡K cÖvß Dcv‡Ëi Dci wfwË K‡i wmwgD‡jk‡bi gva¨‡g cwiPvwjZ Abykxjb †_‡K Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni cÖK…Z djvdj I Kvh©KwiZv m¤ú‡K© wKQz aviYv cvIqv m¤¢e| Z‡e wmwgD‡jkb wfwËK G djvdj‡K mZK©Zvi mv‡_ we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e KviY G¸‡jv wb‡`©kbvg~jK I kZfvM wbf©yj bq|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

• cwi‡k‡l, 2019-20 A_©eQi cieZ©x mg‡q cÖ¯ÍvweZ cybM©wVZ Kg©m~wP‡Z cÖ‡`q myweavq †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b bv NUvi Kvi‡Y wecyj DØ„Ë M‡o DV‡e| evwl©K 7-8 kZvsk nv‡i wRwWwc cÖe„w× AR©‡bi D”P cÖe„w× `„k¨K‡íi †ÿ‡Î G DØ„‡Ëi AvKvi A‡bK eo n‡e| Gi d‡j, `wi`ª gvby‡li mvgvwRK wbivcËvi Pvwn`v c~iY Ki‡Z miKv‡ii c‡ÿ RxebPµwfwËK I Ab¨vb¨ Kg©m~wP‡Z cÖ‡`q myweav Av‡iv e„w× Kiv hvq wKbv †m wel‡q cybwe©‡ePbvi my‡hvM m„wó n‡e| GQvovI, Av‡jvP¨ DØ„‡Ëi †cÖwÿ‡Z miKvi AwZ`wi`ª I mywbw`©ó Rb‡Mvôxi (†hgb, ZiæY m¤úª`vq) Rb¨ wewfbœ Kg©m~wPi AvIZv e„w× Ges bZzb D™¢vebxg~jK Kg©m~wP cÖYqb Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

70 wRBwW

wmwgD‡jk‡bi †ÿ‡Î cÖv_wgK Abygv‡bi ev¯Íe †hŠw³KZv my¯úó Kiv Riæwi| cÖ_gZ, Uv‡M©UK…Z myweav‡fvMx wba©vi‡Y eëüZ c‡ivÿ wbev©Pb c×wZ (cÖw· wgÝ †U÷) eënv‡ii d‡j m„ó eR©bRwbZ ÎywU Abykxj‡b AšÍf©y³ Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| Lvbv Avq-e¨q Rwic 2010 Ges c‡ivÿ wbev©Pb c×wZ eënvi K‡i eR©bRwbZ ÎywU I myweav‡fvMxi we¯Í…wZi g‡a¨Kvi wecÖZxc m¤úK© wPÎ 5.2-G cÖ`wk©Z n‡q‡Q| wPÎ †_‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q, 50% myweav‡fvMxi we¯Í…wZi wecix‡Z eR©bRwbZ ÎæwU cÖvq 23 kZvsk| c‡ivÿ wbev©Pb c×wZ Abymi‡Yi d‡j DrmvwiZ GB eR©bRwbZ ÎæwU wmwgD‡jkb Abykxj‡bi AšÍwb©wnZ Ask wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡e| wØZxqZ, miKv‡ii †cbkb Kg©m~wPi myweav mvaviYfv‡e A-`wi`ª‡ì Rb¨ cÖmvwiZ n‡Z cv‡i| GKvi‡Y, KwíZ Abykxj‡b eëüZ 5wU cybM©wVZ ev bZzb Kg©m~wP n‡jv: eq¯‹ fvZv, wkky myweav, we`¨vjq e„wË Kg©m~wP, cÖwZeÜx myweav Ges `yt¯’ gwnjv myweav Kg©m~wP| Lvbv Avq-e¨q Rwic 2010-G AšÍf©y³ Kg©m~wPi †P‡q GLv‡b Kg msL¨K Kg©m~wP eëüZ n‡q‡Q| we‡kl K‡i Kg©m„Rbg~jK I †Lvjv evRv‡i weµq Kg©m~wPi myweavmg~n GLv‡b AšÍf©y³ nqwb| Z…ZxqZ, KwíZ Abykxj‡b Lvbv Avq-e¨q Rwic 2010-G D‡jøwLZ Kg©m~wPMywji myweavi mv‡_ Zzjbv Kivi myweav‡_© cÖ¯ÍvweZ Kg©m~wP‡Z cÖ‡`q fvZv myweav‡K 2010 mv‡ji A_©g~‡j¨ cwieZ©b Kiv n‡q‡Q| wPÎ 5.2: cÖw· wgbm †U÷ (wcGgwU)-Gi Aax‡b eR©bRwbZ ÎæwU ev` c‡o hvIqv `wi`ª Lvbvi kZKiv nvi

80 70

69 55

60 50

10 0

10g

15Zg

35Zg

40Zg

50Zg 60Zg

70Zg

Drm: GBPAvBBGm 2010, weweGm-Gi DcvË e¨envi K‡i GbGmGmGm cÖv°jb|

DcwiD³ Abygvbmg~n e¨envi K‡i KwíZ Abykxj‡b cÖvß djvdj mviwY 5.4 G †`Lv‡bv n‡jv| cÖvß djvdj ch©v‡jvPbvq †`Lv hvq †h, Pjgvb Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni Zzjbvq cybM©wVZ Kg©m~wPMywj `vwi`ª¨n«v‡mi cwigvY‡K †ewk cÖfvweZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| Gi KviY n‡jv, GKwU mymsÁvwqZ I mgwš^Z Ges M‡o D”PZi myweavcÖ`vbKvix mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj ev¯Íevq‡b †ewk msL¨K `wi`ª cwievi DcK…Z nq e‡jB †`Lv hvq| cÖvß djvdj wb‡`©kbvg~jK nIqvq Gi ¯úóxKi‡Y AwZwi³ cixÿvi cÖ‡qvRb †bB, Z‡e cÖvß djvdj wb‡`©k K‡i †h mvgvwRK wbivcËvi cÖ¯ÍvweZ ms¯‹vi Kg©m~wP `wi`ª‡`i‡K †ewk nv‡i myweav cÖ`vb Ki‡Z mg_© n‡e| Ab¨vb¨ Kg©m~wPi (we‡kl K‡i Kg©m„Rb I †Lvjv evRv‡i weµq) cÖfve AšÍf©y³ Kiv n‡j `vwi`ª¨n«v‡mi cwigvY AviI †ewk I e¨vcK n‡e e‡j aviYv Kiv hvq| eR©bRwbZ ÎæwU Kgv‡bvi j‡ÿ¨ ¯’vbxq miKvi cÖwZôvbmg~n, ¯’vbxq Rbmvavi‡Yi AskMÖnY Ges GbwRIÕi gva¨‡g AviI myPviyfv‡e myweav‡fvMx wba©viY c×wZ cwiPvwjZ n‡j mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi gva¨‡g fwel¨‡Z `vwi`ª¨n«v‡mi nvi Av‡iv e„w× cv‡e|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

71 wRBwW

KwíZ Abykxj‡bi welq

gv_vMy YwZ `vwi`ª¨ (%)

`vwi `ª¨MfxiZv (%)

33.0

7.4

31.5

6.5

28.3

4.8

Drm: Avq-e¨q Rwic 2010, weweGm-Gi DcvË e¨envi K‡i GbGmGmGm-Gi KwíZ Abykxjb|

Aa¨vq 6

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj ev¯Íevqb e¨e¯’v

Aa¨vq 6

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj ev¯Íevqb eë¯’v 6.1 ch©v‡jvPbv †h‡Kv‡bv mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji Kvh©KvwiZv wbwðZKi‡Yi Rb¨ h_vh_ ev¯Íevqb eë¯’vcbv GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq| ev¯Íevqb eë¯’v h_vh_ bv n‡j myôzfv‡e cÖYxZ Ges h_vh_ I ch©vßfv‡e A_©vwqZ mvgvwRK wbivcËv c×wZ Kvw•ÿZ djvdj cÖ`v‡b e¨_© n‡Z cv‡i| cÖvwZôvwbK mÿgZv I mykvmb msKªvšÍ bvbv mgm¨vi m¯§yLxb evsjv‡`‡ki g‡Zv Dbœqbkxj †`‡ki Rb¨ GKwU we‡kl P¨v‡jÄ| ev¯Íevqb eë¯’v wb‡RB wKQz mywbw`©ó mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj Øviv cÖfvweZ n‡q _v‡K| myZivs †h †KŠkj AwaKmsL¨K Kg©m~Px cwinvi Ki‡e Ges ¯^qswµq A_© †jb‡`b eë¯’vi Dci wfwË K‡i cwiPvjbv Kiv mnR n‡e †m †KŠkj I eë¯’v AwaKZi Kvh©Ki I `ÿ n‡e e‡j cÖZxqgvb nq| DwjøwLZ cUf~wg‡Z, cÖ¯ÍvweZ RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji cwiKíbv I cÖkvmwbK w`K I A_©vqb msµvšÍ welqmg~‡ni Dci G Aa¨v‡q we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| G`ywU welq m¤ú‡K© B‡Zvg‡a¨ PZz_© I cÂg Aa¨v‡q aviYv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevqb eë¯’vi †h‡Kv‡bv ms¯‹vi Aek¨B we`¨gvb c×wZ I Zrm¤úwK©Z mgm¨vmg~‡ni ch©v‡jvPbvi Dci wfwË K‡i Ki‡Z n‡e| G Aa¨v‡q ev¯Íevqb †ÿ‡Î we`¨gvb NvUwZ I P¨v‡jÄmg~n wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges Gi cvkvcvwk mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi ev¯Íevqb †Rvi`viKi‡Y ms¯‹vi eë¯’vi GKwU iƒc‡iLv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q|

6.2 mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni eZ©gvb ev¯Íevqb c×wZ: eZ©gvb mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni ev¯Íevqb c×wZ I web¨vm mviwY 6.1 G cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| eZ©gvb ev¯Íevqb c×wZi KwZcq D‡jøL‡hvM¨ w`K n‡jv: • cÖ_gZ, 23wU gš¿Yvj‡qi gva¨‡g 145wU Kg©m~wP cwiPvwjZ n‡”Q (mswkøó wefvMmg~nI G‡Z AšÍf©y³)| • wØZxqZ, †ewki fvM gš¿Yvjq/ms¯’v †QvU AvKv‡ii Kg©m~wP cwiPvjbv Ki‡Q, hv‡`i mvgwóK eivÏ †gvU mvgvwRK wbivcËv ev‡R‡Ui 1 kZvs‡kiI Kg| • Z…ZxqZ, cÖvq mvZwU gš¿Yvjq (`y‡h©vM e¨e¯’vcbv I ÎvY gš¿Yvjq, Lv`¨ gš¿Yvjq, A_© gš¿Yvjq, gwnjv I wkky welqK gš¿Yvjq, ¯’vbxq miKvi, cjøx Dbœqb I mgevq gš¿Yvjq, mgvRKj¨vY gš¿Yvjq Ges cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq) †gvU eiv‡Ïi 75 kZvs‡kiI †ewk e¨q cwiPvjbv K‡i _v‡K|

ev‡RU eivÏ (wgwjqb UvKvq)

†gvU GmGmwc ev‡R‡Ui %

2013 -14

2014 - 15

2013 -14

2014 -15

1. mgvRKj¨vY gš¿Yvjq 2. ¯’vbxq miKvi, cjøx Dbœqb I mgevq gš¿Yvjq

31 26

25662 31149.8

37483.4 37542.4

9.628 11.687

12.174 12.193

56729.3

61010.9

21.284

19.815

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

• PZz_©Z, ev‡RU eiv‡Ïi w`K w`‡q me©e„nr GKK Kg©m~wP n‡”Q miKvwi Kg©Pvix‡`i Rb¨ †cbkb Kg©m~wP, hv GKwU gš¿Yvjq (A_© gš¿Yvjq) GKKfv‡e cwiPvjbv K‡i|

72 wRBwW

gš¿Yvj‡qi bvg gš¿Yvj‡qi bvg 4.

gwnjv I wkky welqK gš¿Yvjq 5. ¯^v¯’¨ I cwievi Kj¨vY gš¿Yvjq 6. cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq 7. wkÿv gš¿Yvjq 8. A_© gš¿Yvjq 9. K…wl gš¿Yvjq 10. grm¨ I cky cvjb gš¿Yvjq 11. cwi‡ek I eb gš¿Yvjq 12. hye I µxov gš¿Yvjq 13. Lv`¨ gš¿Yvjq 14. cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg welqK gš¿Yvjq 15. gyw³hy× welqK gš¿Yvjq 16. ms¯‹…wZ welqK gš¿Yvjq 17. cvwb m¤ú` gš¿Yvjq 18. f~wg gš¿Yvjq 19. wkí gš¿Yvjq 20. kÖg I Kg©ms¯’vb gš¿Yvjq 21. M„nvqY I MYc~Z© gš¿Yvjq 22. AvBb, wePvi I msm` welqK gš¿Yvjq 23. cÖavbgš¿x i Kvh©vjq †gvU (23wU gš¿Yvjq)

ev‡RU eivÏ (wgwjqb ev‡RU eivÏ (wgwjqb UvKvq) UvKvq) 2013 2013-14 -14

2014 2014- 15-15

11003.1

11789.3

GmGmwc †gvU†gvU GmGmwc ev‡R‡Ui % ev‡R‡Ui % 2014 2013 2013-14 -14 2014 -15 15 4.128 3.829

17800.7

19556.2

6.678

6.351

15160

15749.4

5.688

5.115

6 7 6 7

4280 71750.5 1336 1514.1

4130 87377.3 1359.6 1961.1

1.606 26.919 0.501 0.568

1.341 28.378 0.442 0.637

4 4 1 1

2594.5 2517.9 15650 2667

2989.7 3021.3 16875 2508.8

0.973 0.945 5.872 1.001

0.971 0.981 5.481 0.815

597.5

1019

0.224

0.331

1 1 1 1 2

25 863.4 358.6 1500 1314.5

31 1 244 98 0 320

0.009 0.324 0.135 0.563 0.493

0.010 0.404 0.032 0.000 0.104

1857.3

1616.2

0.697

0.525

48.9

0.018

0.019

1 145

160 266540.10

160 307902.60

0.060 100

0.052 100

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

†gvU ev‡R‡Ui w`‡K ZvKv‡j †`Lv hvq †h, mvgvwRK wbivcËv ev‡R‡Ui e„nr Ask †c‡q _v‡K Lv`¨ Ges `y‡h©vM e¨e¯’vcbv I ÎvY gš¿Yvjq (2012-13 A_©eQ‡i 26 kZvsk),21 Zvic‡iB i‡q‡Q h_vµ‡g A_© gš¿Yvj‡qi A_© wefvM (20 kZvsk), gwnjv I wkky welqK gš¿Yvjq (10 kZvsk), ¯’vbxq miKvi, cjøx Dbœqb I mgevq gš¿Yvjq (9 kZvsk), mgvRKj¨vY gš¿Yvjq (6.4 kZvsk) Ges cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq (5 kZvsk)| ev‡RU eiv‡Ïi we‡ePbvq 11wU e„nr Kg©m~wPi e¨e¯’vcbvi `vwqZ¡ mviwY 6.2 G †`Lv‡bv n‡jv|

73 wRBwW

Kg©m~wP

A_© mgvRKj¨vY

miKvwi Kg©Pvix‡`i †cbkb eq¯‹ fvZv weaev fvZv cÖwZeÜx fvZv Am”Qj gyw³‡hv×v fvZv wfwRwW cÖv_wgK Dce„wË gva¨wgK e„wË Kg©m„Rb Kv‡Ri wewbg‡q Lv`¨ †Lvjv evRv‡i weµq

gš¿Yvjq/wefvMmg~‡ni g‡a¨ Kv‡Ri mgš^‡qi †Kv‡bv AvbyôvwbK eë¯’v †bB| KwZcq †KŠkjMZ ivR‰bwZK, A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK we‡ePbvq RvZxq ev‡R‡Ui gva¨‡g Kg©m~wP‡Z evwl©K A_©vqb K‡i _v‡K A_© gš¿Yvjq| Z‡e Zv †Kv‡bv ¯^Zš¿ Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevq‡b Kg©m¤úv`b ev Kvh©KvwiZvi g~j¨vq‡bi Dci wfwË K‡i n‡q _v‡K e‡j cÖZxqgvb nq bv| Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni cwiKíbvi NvUwZ, wewÿßZv, GKB ai‡bi jÿ¨ AR©‡b wb‡qvwRZ _vKv Ges Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevq‡b GKvwaK ev¯ÍevqbKvix ms¯’vi Dcw¯’wZ †`Lv hvq| g~jZ `y‡h©vM, SzuwK, A_©‰bwZK msKU BZ¨vw` †_‡K D™¢~Z cÖK…Z cÖ‡qvR‡bi Dci wfwË K‡i Ges `vwi`ª¨ n«v‡mi cwic~iK c`‡ÿc wn‡m‡e ¯^Zš¿ Kg©m~wPmg~n hy³ n‡q _v‡K| evsjv‡`‡ki mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©mwPmg~‡ni cÖkvmb ev cwiPvjbv c×wZ Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e `ye©j| Kg©m~wPMywj eûmsL¨K gš¿Yvj‡qi g‡a¨ Qwo‡q _vKvi Kvi‡Y mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni †mev cÖ`v‡b †Kv‡bv gš¿Yvj‡qiB my¯úó Kg©`ÿZv †bB| e¯ÍyZ, Kg©m~wP ev¯ÍevqbKvix gš¿Yvjqmg~n KvMRwfwËK Z_¨ eë¯’vcbv cØwZ (GgAvBGm) eënvi K‡i Kg©m~wP cwiPvjbv K‡i _v‡K| Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni myweav‡fvMx‡ì Z_¨m¤^wjZ †Kv‡bv †K›`ªxq Z_¨fvÐvi †hgb †bB †Zgwb †K‡›`ªi mv‡_ ¯’vbxq GjvKvMywj‡K mshy³ Ki‡e Ggb †Kv‡bv DbœZ wWwRUvj Z_¨ eë¯’vcbv c×wZI †bB| d‡j miKv‡ii c‡ÿ mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni Kvh©Kifv‡e cwiPvjb I cwiexÿY m¤¢eci nq bv|

we‡kl K‡i †K›`ª †_‡K eë¯’vcbv I cÖkvm‡b Ach©vß wewb‡qvM †_‡K ¯úóZ †evSv hvq †h Kg©m~wP cwiPvjbvi Ab¨vb¨ w`K Kvh©Ki bq| ch©vß bvwjk I Awf‡hvM wb®úwË eë¯’vI GLv‡b †bB| GQvov gš¿Yvjq/wefvMMywj †h Kvh©Kifv‡e Kg©m~wPmg~n cwiexÿY Kivi cvkvcvwk ¯’vbxq miKvi‡K Revew`wn (†hgb, cwiexÿY cwi`k©b ev ZvrÿwYK hvPvB‡qi gva¨‡g) Kiv‡Z mÿg †m ai‡bi †Kv‡bv jÿYI cwijwÿZ nq bv| gš¿Yvjq/wefvMmg~n ¯^xKvi K‡i †h, Kg©m~wPmg~n `ÿ I Kvh©Kifv‡e cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ gš¿Yvj‡qi Kg©Pvix‡ì cvkvcvwk ¯’vbxq miKv‡ii Kg©Pvix‡ì mÿgZvI D‡jøL‡hvM¨fv‡e evov‡bv ìKvi| 22 Khatun et al: “100-Day Employment Generation Programme, challenges of effective implementation”;

and Ahmed et al: “Relative eﬃcacy of food and cash transfer in improving food security and livelihoods of the ultra-poor in Bangladesh”

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

Z_¨ eë¯’vcbv c×wZ‡Z `ye©jZv _vKvi Kvi‡Y fvZv ev A_© cÖ`vb eë¯’v ¯’vbxqfv‡e cwiPvwjZ nq| A‡bK mnvqZvi A_© e¨vs‡Ki gva¨‡g cÖ`vb Kiv n‡jI Kg©m~wPi Rb¨ eivÏK…Z A_© cÖ_‡g ¯’vbxq miKv‡ii Kv‡Q cvVv‡bv nq Ges ¯’vbxq miKvi Zv e¨vs‡K cvwV‡q †`q| G‡Z RvZxq ch©v‡q ìcÎ AvnŸvb K‡i †mevcÖ`vbKvixi gva¨‡g A_© cÖ`vb Kivi †h A_©‰bwZK myweav Zv jv‡fi my‡hvM bó n‡q hvq| `ye©j cwiPvjb I cwiexÿ‡Yi Kvi‡Y Lv`¨ mnvqZvg~jK Kg©m~wP‡Z Lv`¨km¨ AcPq n‡q hvIqviI A‡bK bwRi i‡q‡Q| D`vniY¯î~c, Kv‡Ri wewbg‡q Lv`¨ Kg©m~wP‡Z weZiYK…Z Lv`¨k‡mï 30 kZvsk AcPq nq e‡j `vex Kiv nq| wfwRwW Kg©m~wP‡Z Lv`¨k‡mï AcP‡qi (wj‡K‡Ri) cwigvY cÖvq 13 kZvsk|22

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6.3 RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi †mev cÖ`vb kw³kvjxKiY m½Z Kvi‡YB miKvi Dcjwä K‡i †h, RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji mdjZvi Rb¨ cÖkvmwbK eë¯’v‡K Av‡iv DbœZ Kiv ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevq‡b cÖkvmwbK mgm¨v I `ye©j kvmb eë¯’v ci¯úi m¤úK©hy³| mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’v myôzfv‡e cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ DËg cÖvwZôvwbK eë¯’v M‡o †Zvjv n‡j Zv `yb©xwZ Kgv‡ZI mnvqZv Ki‡e| RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi AvIZvq DcKvi‡fvMx‡ì‡K †mev cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ †h eë¯’v i‡q‡Q Zvi ms¯‹vi mva‡bi gva¨‡g kw³kvjx Kiv bv n‡j PZz_© Aa¨v‡q †hmKj cÖ¯Ívebv Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q †mMywj mdj n‡e bv| e¯‘Z wewfbœ †ÿ‡Î ms¯‹vi mva‡bi cÖ‡qvRb i‡q‡Q| AMÖvwaKviwfwËK g~j †ÿÎ¸‡jv n‡jv: • GKwU cÖvwZôvwbK eë¯’v M‡o †Zvjv hv cÖ¯ÍvweZ mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi (GbGmGmGm) mwVK cwiKíbv cÖYqb, ev¯Íevqb Ges cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb‡K †Rvi`vi I wbwðZ Ki‡e| • RvZxq I ¯’vbxq ch©v‡q miKvwi Kg©Pvix‡ì †ckv`vwiZ¡ e„w×KiY hvi d‡j mvgvwRK wbivcËv msµvšÍ Kg©m~wPmg~n `ÿfv‡e cwiPvjbv I ev¯Íevqb Kiv m¤¢e nq| •

• Z_¨ eë¯’vcbv c×wZmg~‡ni (GgAvBGmGm) gvb Dbœqb Kiv hv‡Z K‡i GMywj Kvh©Ki I `ÿfv‡e bM` A_© mnvqZv †mev cÖ`v‡bi wfwË n‡Z cv‡i Ges mswkøó gš¿Yvjq/wefvMmg~‡ni g‡a¨ mgš^q mvab I cwiexÿ‡Y mnvqK n‡Z cv‡i| • `yb©xwZ Kgv‡Z A_© cÖ`vb eë¯’v kw³kvjx Kiv Ges we‡kl K‡i `wi`ª I `vwi`ªSzuwKMÖ¯Í cwievimg~‡ni Rb¨ Avw_©K AšÍf©yw³ cÖmv‡ii j‡ÿ¨ mvgvwRK wbivcËv c×wZ cÖ‡qvM Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| • Kvh©Ki bvwjk I Awf‡hvM wb®úwË eë¯’v cÖwZôv Kiv hv‡Z K‡i †`‡ki mKj bvMwiKB myweav‡fvMx wbe©vP‡bi †ÿ‡Î cybwe©‡ePbvi Av‡e`b Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges mswkøó‡ì `ye©ënvi I cÖwZkÖæZ myweav cÖ`v‡b e¨_©Zvi wel‡q h_vh_ KZ©„cÿ‡K AewnZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| 6.3.1 mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi †mev cÖ`v‡b cÖkvmwbK cybwe©b¨vm mvgvwRK wbivcËvg~jK Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni wewÿßZv, GKvwaK ev¯ÍevqbKvix ms¯’vi Dcw¯’wZ, ms¯’v¸‡jvi g‡a¨ mgš^‡qi NvUwZ, cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb (GgGÛB) eë¯’vi Abycw¯’wZ BZ¨vw` mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi cÖkvmwbK cybwe©b¨v‡mi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv wb‡`©k K‡i| Giƒc cÖkvmwbK cybwe©b¨vm/ms¯‹vi µgvš^‡q wZbwU av‡c m¤úbœ Kiv n‡e| GKwU Ab¨Zg ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ms¯‹vi n‡jv ev¯ÍevqbKvix gš¿YvjqMywji †fZ‡ii mn‡hvwMZv I mgš^‡qi Rb¨ K¬v÷vi eë¯’v cÖeZ©b Kiv| Gi d‡j mKj mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi Z_¨ eë¯’vcbv c×wZi AvaywbKxKiY m¤úbœ n‡e| mvgvwRK wbivcËvg~jK Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni AwaKZi mgwš^Z ev¯Íevq‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wP msµvšÍ cwiKíbvi Dbœqb I djvdjwfwËK cwiexÿY I g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ cÖvwZôvwbK eë¯’v‡K Av‡iv kw³kvjx Kiv n‡e| mvgvwRK wbivcËv cÖ`vb welqK cwiKíbvi `vwqZ¡ cwiKíbv Kwgk‡bi mvaviY A_©bxwZ wefv‡Mi Dci b¨¯Í _vK‡e| Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb eë¯’v m¤ú‡K© mßg Aa¨v‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

75 wRBwW

mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevq‡bi mv‡_ mswkøó gš¿YvjqMywj‡K 5wU welqwfwËK K¬v÷v‡i web¨¯Í Kiv n‡e Ges cÖwZwU K¬v÷v‡ii mgš^‡qi Rb¨ GKwU gyL¨ mgš^qKvix gš¿Yvjq _vK‡e| welqwfwËK Kg©m~wP K¬v÷viMywj n‡jv: 1. mvgvwRK fvZv : gyL¨ mgš^qKvix gš¿Yvjq: mgvRKj¨vY gš¿Yvjq; Ab¨vb¨ ev¯ÍevqbKvix gš¿Yvjq: gwnjv I wkï welqK gš¿Yvjq, gyw³hy× welqK gš¿Yvjq, ¯^v¯’¨ I cwievi Kj¨vY gš¿Yvjq, ms¯‹…wZ welqK gš¿Yvjq, ¯’vbxq miKvi, cjøx Dbœqb I mgevq gš¿Yvjq, kÖg I Kg©ms¯’vb gš¿Yvjq, cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg welqK gš¿Yvjq BZ¨vw`| 2. Lv`¨ wbivcËv I `y‡h©vM mnvqZv : gyL¨ mgš^qKvix gš¿Yvjq: Lv`¨ gš¿Yvjq; Ab¨vb¨ ev¯ÍevqbKvix gš¿Yvjq: `y‡h©vM e¨e¯’vcbv I ÎvY gš¿Yvjq, ¯^v¯’¨ I cwievi Kj¨vY gš¿Yvjq, K…wl gš¿Yvjq, gwnjv I wkï welqK gš¿Yvjq, grm¨ I cÖvwYm¤ú` gš¿Yvjq BZ¨vw`|

3. mvgvwRK wegv: gyL¨ mgš^qKvix gš¿Yvjq: A_© gš¿Yvjq miKvwi †cbk‡bi Rb¨, e¨vsK I Avw_©K cÖwZôvb wefvM †emiKvwi †cbk‡bi Rb¨; Ab¨vb¨ ev¯ÍevqbKvix gš¿Yvjq: kÖg I Kg©ms¯’vb gš¿Yvjq, ¯^v¯’¨ I cwievi Kj¨vY gš¿Yvjq BZ¨vw`| 4. kÖg/ RxweKvqb: gyL¨ mgš^qKvix gš¿Yvjq: `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv I ÎvY gš¿Yvjq; Ab¨vb¨ ev¯ÍevqbKvix gš¿Yvjq: ¯’vbxq miKvi, cjøx Dbœqb I mgevq gš¿Yvjq, gwnjv I wkky welqK gš¿Yvjq, mgvRKj¨vY gš¿Yvjq,cjøx Kg©mnvqK dvD‡Ûkb, A_© wefvM, grm¨ I cÖvwYm¤ú` gš¿Yvjq, kÖg I Kg©ms¯’vb gš¿Yvjq BZ¨vw`| 5. gvbe Dbœqb I mvgvwRK ÿgZvqb: gyL¨ mgš^qKvix gš¿Yvjq: cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq; Ab¨vb¨ ev¯ÍevqbKvix gš¿Yvjq: wkÿv gš¿Yvjq, mgvRKj¨vY gš¿Yvjq, gwnjv I wkky welqK gš¿Yvjq, ¯^v¯’¨ I cwievi Kj¨vY gš¿Yvjq, Z_¨, †hvMv‡hvM I cÖhyw³ wefvM, cÖevmx Kj¨vY I ê‡`wkK Kg©ms¯’vb gš¿Yvjq, wkí gš¿Yvjq, hye I µxov gš¿Yvjq BZ¨vw`| Aby‡gvw`Z Kg©cwiKíbv/ev¯Íevqb cwiKíbvi Dci wfwË K‡i ev¯ÍevqbKvix gš¿YvjqMywji `vwqZ¡ n‡e Zv‡ì wbR¯^ Kg©m~wPi bKkv cÖYqb I Kg©m~wPi Kvh©Ki ev¯Íevqb, mwVK jÿ¨ wbwðZKiY Ges AcPq‡iv‡a AmnbkxjZv cÖ`k©b| GQvovI Zviv Zv‡ì K¬v÷vifz³ Ab¨vb¨ gš¿Yvj‡qi mv‡_ mgš^q mvab Ki‡e, GgAvBGm Kvh©Ki Ki‡e I Zv‡ì wbR¯^ Kg©m~wP¸‡jv cwiexÿY Ki‡e Ges gwš¿cwil` mwP‡ei mfvcwZ‡Z¡ MwVZ gwš¿cwil` wefv‡Mi †K›`ªxq eë¯’vcbv KwgwUi Kv‡Q wi‡cvU© Ki‡e| gyL¨ mgš^qKvix gš¿YvjqMywj n‡”Q †mme gš¿Yvjq K¬v÷vifz³ wel‡qi mv‡_ hv‡ì e¨vcK ms‡hvM i‡q‡Q| Aby‡gvw`Z Kg©cwiKíbv/ev¯Íevqb cwiKíbvi Dci wfwË K‡i Zviv Pjgvb Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni mgš^q I bZzb Kg©m~wPi bKkv cÖ¯Íve Ki‡e, K¬v÷vifz³ gš¿YvjqMywji cÖwZ‡e`b ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡e Ges GmGmwc welqK †K›`ªxq eë¯’vcbv KwgwUi (wmGgwm)-wbKU †mme cÖwZ‡e`b †ck Ki‡e| gwš¿cwil` wefvM mvgvwRK wbivcËv bxwZ Ges mvgvwRK wbivcËvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z ms¯‹v‡ii †ÿ‡Î Aby‡gv`bKvix KZ…©cÿ n‡e| mvaviY A_©bxwZ wefv‡Mi KvwiMwi mnvqZvq gwš¿cwil` wefvM ¯^Zš¿¨ gš¿Yvjq Ges gyL¨ mgš^qKvix gš¿Yvjq n‡Z Dc¯’vwcZ mvgvwRK wbivcËv welqK mvgwMÖK Kv‡Ri ev¯Íevqb cwiKíbvi Dbœqb mvab Ki‡e| GwU wmGgwm-‡K KvwiMwi, Avw_©K, cÖkvmwbK I jwRw÷K mnvqZv cÖ`vb Ki‡e| wmGgwm Kg©/ev¯Íevqb cwiKíbv Aby‡gv`b Ki‡e, mvgvwRK wbivcËv ms¯‹v‡ii ev¯Íevqb mgš^q Ki‡e, AvšÍtgš¿Yvj‡qi mgš^q wbwðZKiY, mgm¨v mgvavb I msKU cÖkgb Ki‡e| wmGgwm-i AviI `vwqZ¡ n‡jv mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPMywji ev¯Íevqb AMÖMwZ ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv Ges bZzb Kg©m~wPi bKkv Aby‡gv`b †`qv| wmGgwm ev¯ÍevqbKvix gš¿YvjqMywji Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni GgAvBGm-Gi †K›`ªxq Z_¨fvÐvi wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡e| GQvovI wmGgwm GbGmGmGm-Gi ev¯Íevqb AMÖMwZ wel‡q gwš¿cwil‡ì Kv‡Q wbqwgZ cÖwZ‡e`b †ck Ki‡e| we`¨gvb cÖwµqvi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨ †i‡L gvV-ch©v‡q mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wP¸‡jvi mgš^q mva‡b wefvMxq Kwgkbvi, †Rjv cÖkvmK I Dc‡Rjv wbe©vnx Kg©KZ©viv (BDGbI) ¸iæZ¡c~Y© `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡e| • mvaviY A_©bxwZ wefvM: mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPMywji djvdjwfwËK cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb, cÂevwl©K cwiKíbv I Ab¨vb¨ RvZxq †KŠk‡ji mv‡_ mvgvwRK wbivcËv msµvšÍ cwiKíbv I bxwZi mvgÄm¨KiY, Ges gwš¿cwil` wefv‡Mi Rb¨ mvgvwRK wbivcËv bxwZi Lmov cÖ¯ÍyZKi‡Yi `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡e AÎ wefvM| GQvov, AÎ wefvM evwl©K cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb cÖwZ‡e`b ˆZwi Ki‡e Ges wmGgwm-‡K AwZwi³ mvwPweK mnvqZv cÖ`vb Ki‡e| • ev¯Íevqb cixweÿY I g~j¨vqb wefvM: AvBGgB wefvM mvgvwRK wbivcËv msµvšÍ cÖKí/Kg©m~wPi ev¯Íevqb cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb Ki‡e| • cwimsL¨vb I Z_¨ eë¯’vcbv wefvM: cwimsL¨vb I Z_¨ eë¯’vcbv wefvM (GmAvBwW) Ges weweGm DcKvi‡fvMx‡ì Z_¨fvÐvi ˆZwi, iÿYv‡eÿY I nvjbvMv` Ki‡e| • A_© wefvM: GB gš¿Yvjq miKvi KZ©„K A_©vwqZ mvgvwRK wbivcËv msµvšÍ ev‡RU Aby‡gv`b I e¨q eivÏ Ki‡e Ges Avw_©K †mevcÖ`vb wel‡q Z`viwK Ki‡e|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

†hme gš¿Yvjq Ges wefvM µm-KvwUs `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡e †m¸‡jv n‡jv:

76 wRBwW

• ¯’vbxq miKvi wefvM: ¯’vbxq miKvi cÖwZôvbmg~n DcKvi‡fvMx wPwüZKi‡Y KwgDwbwU wfwËK AskMÖnY c×wZ AbymiY Ki‡e| GQvov, AÎ wefvM GbGmGmGm-Gi ev¯Íevqb m¤úwK©Z Awf‡hvM I we‡iva wb®úwË‡Z Ges cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb Kvh©µg ev¯Íevq‡b mnvqZv Ki‡e| cÖ‡qvR‡b ¯’vbxq miKvi cÖwZôvbMywj mswkøó gš¿YvjqMywji Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni †mevcÖ`v‡b mnvqZv Ki‡e| cÖviw¤¢K ch©v‡q (avc-1, 2015-2025) †K›`ªxq eë¯’vcbv KwgwUi (wmGgwm) eë¯’vcbv web¨vm wPÎ 6.1 †`Lv‡bv n‡jv: wPÎ 6.1: avc 1: 2015-2025 mvgvwRK wbivcËv welqK †K›`ªxq eë¯’vcbv KwgwU

mvgvwRK wbivcËv ms¯‹v‡ii ev¯Íevqb mgš^q, AvšÍtgš¿Yvj‡qi mgš^q wbwðZKiY, mgm¨v mgvavb I msKU cÖkgb, mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni ev¯Íevqb AMÖMwZ ch©v‡jvPbv Ges bZzb Kg©m~wPi bKkv Aby‡gv`b

ev¯Íevqb

µm-KvwUs G‡RÝx

welqwfwËK K¬v÷vi

gyL¨ mgš^qKvix gš¿Yvjq/G‡RwÝ

Gm AvBwW

cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb mnvqZv

• DcKvi‡fvMxi Lvbv Z_¨fvÐvi ˆZwi, nvjbvMv` I iÿYv‡eÿY

mvgvwRK fvZv

mgvRKj¨vY gš¿Yvjq

Lv`¨ gš¿Yvjq

cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb

ev¯ÍevqbKvix ms¯’v/gš¿Yvjq

mgvRKj¨vY gš¿Yvjq, ms¯‹…wZ welqK gš¿Yvjq, gwnjv I wkky welqK gš¿Yvjq, gyw³hy× welqK gš¿Yvjq, ¯^v¯’¨ I cwieviKj¨vY gš¿Yvjq, ¯’vbxq miKvi wefvM, kÖg I Kg©ms¯’vb gš¿Yvjq, cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg welqK gš¿Yvjq

Lv`¨ gš¿Yvjq, `y‡h©vM e¨e¯’vcbv I ÎvY gš¿Yvjq, ¯^v¯’¨ I cwieviKj¨vY gš¿Yvjq, K„wl gš¿Yvjq, gwnjv I wkky welqK gš¿Yvjq, grm¨ I cÖvYxm¤ú` gš¿Yvjq, A_© wefvM, cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg welqK gš¿Yvjq, mgvRKj¨vb gš¿Yvjq e¨vsK I Avw_©K cÖwZôvb wefvM, ¯^v¯’¨ I cwievi Kj¨vY gš¿Yvjq, kÖg I Kg©ms¯’vb gš¿Yvjq, A_© wefvM, mgvRKj¨vY gš¿Yvjq

AvBGg AvBwW

• cÖKí bKkv ˆZwi

wRBwW

• bxwZ mnvqZv

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

kÖg/ RxweKvqb

77 wRBwW

A_© wefvM

• ev‡RU Aby‡gv`b I QvoKiY

gvbe Dbœqb I mvgvwRK ÿgZvqb

cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq

`y‡h©vM e¨e¯’vcbv I ÎvY gš¿Yvjq, ¯’vbxq miKvi wefvM, ¯’vbxq Dbœqb I mgevq wefvM, gwnjv I wkky welqK gš¿Yvjq, mgvRKj¨vY gš¿Yvjq, K…wl gš¿Yvjq, A_© wefvM, kÖg I Kg©ms¯’vb gš¿Yvjq, grm¨ I cÖvYxm¤ú` gš¿Yvjq

cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq, wkÿv gš¿Yvjq, mgvRKj¨vY gš¿Yvjq, ¯^v¯’¨ I cwievi Kj¨vY gš¿Yvjq, gwnjv I wkky welqK gš¿Yvjq, Z_¨, †hvMv‡hvM I cÖhyw³ wefvM, cÖevmxKj¨vY I ˆe‡`wkK Kg©ms¯’vb gš¿Yvjq, hye I µxov gš¿Yvjq, kÖg I Kg©ms¯’vb gš¿Yvjq, f‚wg gš¿Yvjq

GjwRwW wRBwW

• ¯^Zš¿ cÖKí cwiexÿY

• GgAvBGm/gwbUwis

• mgš^q

wmwW GbwRI

• wmGgwmi Kv‡Q wi‡cvwUs

avc-2 Gi Ask wn‡m‡e, RxebPµwfwËK e¨e¯’v I Ab¨vb¨ mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi ev¯Íevqb Kiv n‡e Ges mgvRKj¨vY gš¿Yvj‡qi Aaxb GKwU kw³kvjx I cybM©wVZ mgvR‡mev Awa`ßi cÖwZôv Kiv n‡e hv RxebPµwfwËK me ai‡bi mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevqb Ki‡e,

†hgb: ●

• • • •

D‡jøL¨, `y‡h©vM †gvKv‡ejv Kvh©µg, Kg©m„Rbg~jK Kg©m~wPmg~n, †Lvjv evRv‡i weµq I RxebPµwfwËK Kg©m~wPi AvIZv ewnf©~Z Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni ev¯Íevqb ¯^-¯^ gš¿Yvj‡qi gva¨‡g Ae¨vnZ _vK‡e| wegv Dbœqb I wbqš¿Y KZ…©cÿ KZ„©K ev¯ÍevwqZ RvZxq mvgvwRK wegv Kg©m~wP‡K cybM©wVZ mgvRKj¨vY gš¿Yvj‡qi Aax‡b b¨¯Í Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| mswkøó gš¿YvjqMywji Kvh©eÈ‡bi Dci wfwË K‡i m¤¢ve¨ SuywK I wec` we‡ePbvq wb‡q bZzb D™¢vebxg~jK mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi bKkv cÖYqb I ev¯Íevqb Ki‡e Ges Zv‡ì wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ Zviv Gme Kg©m~wPi mgš^q mvab Ki‡e| gwš¿cwil‡ì mykvmb I bxwZ cÖYqbmsµvšÍ KvR Ae¨vnZ _vK‡e Ges gš¿Yvjq I ms¯’vMywji µm-KvwUs Bmy¨ Ges cwiexÿY I g~j¨vq‡bi †ÿ‡Î `vwqZ¡ Ae¨vnZ _vK‡e| avc-2 Gi (2026 cieZx©) eë¯’vcbv web¨vm wPÎ 6.2 G Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡jv: wPÎ 6.2: avc-2: 2026 cieZ©x mgvRKj¨vY gš¿Yvjq µm-KvwUs G‡RÝx

ev¯Íevqb

cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb

wkky mnvqZv

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• ¯^Zš¿

cÖKí cwiexÿY

Gm AvBwW

• DcKvi‡fvMx Z_¨fvÐvi

cÖwZeÜx fvZv

ˆZwi, nvjbvMv` I iÿYv‡eÿY

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eq¯‹ fvZv

wRBwW

• bxwZ mnvqZv

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mnvqZv

• ev‡RU

Aby‡gv`b I QvoKiY

wmwW GbwRI

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

78 wRBwW

mgvRKj¨vY gš¿Yvj‡qi Aaxb mgvR †mev Awa`ßi cybMw©VZ I kw³kvjx mgvR‡mev Awa`ß‡ii gva¨‡g mgvRKj¨vY gš¿Yvjq wb‡gœv³ Kg©m~wPMywji †mev cÖ`v‡bi `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡e: 1. wkï‡`i Rb¨ fvZv (GwZg‡`i Rb¨ Kg©m~wP mn) 2. SuywKMÖ¯Í gwnjv fvZv Kg©m~wP 3. cÖwZeÜx fvZv 4. eq¯‹ fvZv 5. gyw³‡hv×v fvZv Kg©m~wP • RxebPµwfwËK Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni Rb¨ we¯ÍvwiZ ev¯Íevqb †KŠkj ˆZwi Ki‡e mgvRKj¨vY gš¿Yvjq| • RxebPµwfwËK g~j Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni AvIZvewnf©~Z Kg©m~wPMywj mswkøó gš¿Yvjq/ms¯’vi gva¨‡g ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡e| • A_© gš¿Yvj‡qi A_© wefvM GbGmGmGm-Gi A_©vqb I Zrm¤úwK©Z bxwZ cwiPvjbvi `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡e Ges miKvwi PvKzwii †cbkb Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevqb Ki‡e| • cwiKíbv Kwgk‡bi mvaviY A_©bxwZ wefvM (wRBwW) GbGmGmGm-Gi ev¯Íevqb cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb Ges mgš^q Z`viwK Ki‡e| GbGmGm-Gi mv‡_ mvgvwRK wbivcËv bxwZ/‡KŠk‡ji mvgÄm¨ weavb Ges ga¨ I `xN©‡gqvw` RvZxq cwiKíbv I †KŠkjmg~‡ni mv‡_ mgš^q mvab Ki‡e| • bxwZ, Kg©m~wP I cÖwZôvb m¤úwK©Z mKj AvBb I wewaweavb gwš¿cwil` Aby‡gv`b I Kvh©Ki Ki‡e| • we`¨gvb cÖwµqvi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨ †i‡L wefvMxq Kwgkbvi, †Rjv cÖkvmK I Dc‡Rjv wbe©vnx Kg©KZ©viv gvV ch©v‡q mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPMywj mgš^‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡e|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

mgvRKj¨vY gš¿Yvjq Zvi Aaxb¯Í mgvR‡mev Awa`ß‡ii gva¨‡g †hvM¨ †mevMÖnxZv‡`i Kv‡Q AMÖvwaKvicÖvß mvgvwRK wbivcËv myweavi `ÿ I Kvh©Ki mieivn wbwðZ Ki‡e| G D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡b Gi cÖavb f~wgKv I `vwqZ¡ n‡e wbgœiƒc:

79 wRBwW

• RvZxq I ¯’vbxq ch©v‡q cybM©wVZ KvVv‡gv cÖwZôv Kiv hv `ÿ I Kvh©Kifv‡e †mevMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q mvgvwRK wbivcËv myweav cÖ`v‡b mÿg n‡e; • RxebPµ m¤úwK©Z me ai‡bi Kg©m~wPi †mev mieiv‡n †mev cÖ`v‡bi gvb`Ð cÖ¯ÍyZ Kiv Ges †mev cÖ`v‡b Gme Av`k©gvb AbymiY wbwðZ Kiv; • RvZxq I ¯’vbxq ch©v‡q mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi †mev cÖ`v‡b D”P `ÿZvm¤úbœ I we‡klvwqZ Kg©xevwnbx M‡o †Zvjv; • cÖwZwU Kg©m~wPi wb‡`©kbvewj Abymv‡i DcKvi‡fvMx wbe©vPb wbwðZ Kiv; • †hvM¨ DcKvi‡fvMx‡ì ZvwjKv nvjbvMv`KiY wbwðZ Kiv Ges A_© †mevcÖ`vbKvix‡ì‡K wbqwgZfv‡e mwVK ZvwjKv mieivn Kiv; • D”P gvbm¤úbœ Z_¨ eë¯’vcbv eë¯’v M‡o †Zvjv hv mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi Ab¨vb¨ Z_¨ eë¯’vcbv eë¯’vi mv‡_ mshy³ n‡e; • A_© †mevcÖ`vbKvix‡ì‡K Z`viwKi Rb¨ Kvh©wewa I c×wZ cÖwZôv Kiv Ges †mevcÖ`vbKvixiv †hb D”Pgvb eRvq †i‡L KvR K‡i Zv wbwðZ Kiv; • me mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi Ges gš¿Yvjqfz³ me BDwb‡Ui D”Pgvbm¤úbœ ev¯Íevqb cwiexÿY wbwðZ Kiv; Ges • D”Pgvbm¤úbœ Avw_©K eë¯’vcbv wbwðZ Kiv Ges wR¤§v`vi mswkøó SzuwK Kgv‡Z Kvh©wewa cÖYqb Kiv I †m¸‡jv AbymiY wbwðZ Kiv|

6.4 Z_¨ eë¯’vcbv cØwZi Rb¨ GKK ‡iwRw÷ª cÖwZôv mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wP¸‡jvi Kvh©Ki eë¯’vcbvi Rb¨ D”Pgvbm¤úbœ Z_¨ eë¯’vcbv c×wZ (GgAvBGm) Avek¨K| mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wP‡Z wewfbœ †`‡ki D”P gvÎvi wewb‡qv‡Mi Kvi‡Y we`¨gvb Z_¨ eë¯’vcbv cØwZi `ye©jZv GKw`‡K †hgb wewb‡qvM‡K SuzwK‡Z †d‡j †`q †Zgwb Ab¨w`‡K Kg©m~wPmg~n cwiPvjbv I cwiexÿ‡Yi mvg_©¨‡K Le© K‡i| AwaKšÍ,y Kg©m~wP‡Z e¨wqZ A_© mwVK myweav‡fvMxi Kv‡Q †cuŠQv‡bv I Zv myweav‡fvMx‡ì Dc‡i e¨vcK cÖfve ivL‡Q wKbv Zv wbwðZ Ki‡Z RvZxq ch©v‡qi wewfbœ cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ GK RvqMvq wb‡q AvmvUv †Kv‡bv miKv‡ii GKvi c‡ÿ m¤¢e bq| A‡bK Dbœqbkxj †`‡ki `„óvšÍ †_‡K jÿ¨ Kiv hvq †h, DbœZ cÖhyw³ eënvi K‡i Kvh©Ki Z_¨ eë¯’vcbv c×wZ cÖwZôv Kiv m¤¢e| `wÿY Avwd«Kv I †Kwbqvi g‡Zv †`k¸‡jv‡Z †`Lv hvq †h wewfbœ Kg©m~wPi GgAvBGmmg~n cÖ‡qvR‡b GKwUi mv‡_ AciwU‡K mshy³ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i Ges Gfv‡e mKj cÖavb Kg©m~wP †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ wb‡q miKvi‡K RvZxq ch©v‡qi mvgwMÖK Z_¨ cÖ`vb Kiv m¤¢e| Kvh©Z evsjv‡`‡k Lvbv wfwËK Z_¨ I RvZxq cwiPqcÎmn ¯^vaxb A_P ci®úi m¤úK©hy³ Kg©m~wPwfwËK GgAvBGmMywji †bUIqv‡K©i Dci wfwË K‡i RvZxqfv‡e Z_¨ eë¯’vcbv c×wZi GKK ZvwjKv cÖwZôv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| myZivs, wewfbœ Kg©m~wPi Rb¨ G‡K Ac‡ii mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM ¯’vcb Ki‡Z cv‡i I miKvi‡K mvgwMÖK Z_¨ cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i Ggb GgAvBGm-Gi Dci wfwË K‡i evsjv‡`k miKvi GKwU Z_¨ eë¯’vcbv cØwZi GKK ZvwjKv cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡e| GB GKK ZvwjKv mKj evsjv‡`kx bvMwiK‡ì RvZxq cwiPqc‡Îi Z_¨fvÐv‡ii Dci wfwË K‡i ˆZwi Kiv n‡e| cwimsL¨vb I Z_¨ eë¯’vcbv wefvM (GmAvBwW) GB GKK ZvwjKv cÖwZôvq cÖavb f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡e| mvaviY A_©bxwZ wefvM (wRBwW) evsjv‡`‡ki me mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi GgAvBGm-Gi Dci GKwU mgxÿv m¤úv`b Ki‡e| GB mgxÿvi KvR n‡e GKwU DËg GKK Z_¨ ZvwjKv cÖwZôvq wK cwigvY A_© e¨q n‡Z cv‡i †m wel‡qI mycvwik cÖ`vb Kiv| cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q miKvi cixÿvg~jKfv‡e mswkøó gš¿Yvjq/wefv‡M GgAvBGm Pvjy Ki‡e| cieZx©‡Z †`ke¨vcx GgAvBGm m¤úªmviY Kiv n‡e| Avkv Kiv hvq 2018 mvj bvMv` GKwU m¤ú~Y© Kvh©Ki RvZxq Z_¨ eë¯’vcbv c×wZi GKK ZvwjKv cÖ¯‘Z Kiv m¤¢e n‡e| GgAvBGm Gi cÖavb êwkó¨mg~n n‡e wbgœi~c: • me Kg©m~wP‡Z GgAvBGm Z_¨fvÐv‡ii Rb¨ GKB ai‡bi mdUIq¨vi eënvi Kiv| • D”Pgvbm¤úbœ Kw¤úDUvi nvW©Iq¨v‡i wewb‡qvM Kiv| • Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`v‡b †UwjKwgDwb‡Kkb †bUIqvK© eënvi Kiv| • Aby‡gvw`Z cÖ‡UvKj Abyhvqx ¯’vbxq ch©v‡q Z_¨ AšÍf©yw³Ki‡Yi mÿgZv e„w× Kiv Ges miKv‡ii mKj ¯Í‡i Z_¨ eë¯’vcbv c×wZ‡Z cÖ‡e‡ki myweav cÖ`vb Kiv| • GgAvBGm eë¯’vcbvq †ckvMZfv‡e `ÿ Rbej wb‡qvM Kiv| • bvMwiK‡ì e¨w³MZ Z_¨ myiwÿZKi‡Y D”P ch©v‡qi wbivcËv eë¯’v _vKv| wR2wc †c‡g›U eë¯’vi ms¯‹vi mvab n‡e mvgvwRK wbivcËv ev¯Íevq‡bi Av‡iKwU g~j ms¯‹vi hv‡Z Avw_©K AšÍf©yw³ cÖmvi N‡U Ges AcPq †iva Kiv hvq| Avw_©K eë¯’vq †mev MÖnYKvix‡ì AšÍf©yw³ evov‡Z Dbœqbkxj †`k¸‡jv‡Z wR2wc †c‡g›U eë¯’v eënv‡ii A‡bK D`vniY i‡q‡Q| hv‡Z K‡i DcKvi‡fvMxiv wewfbœ Avw_©K †mev †hgb, mÂq wnmve †Lvjv, FY myweav I wegv myweavq e¨vcKfv‡e cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cv‡i| e¯‘Z, Avw_©K cÖwZôv‡bi gva¨‡g †mev cÖ`vb Kivi j‡ÿ¨ evsjv‡`k miKvi B‡Zvg‡a¨ †ek wKQz mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi A_© cÖ`vb eë¯’vi DbœwZ mvab K‡i‡Q|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

80 wRBwW

myZivs, G D‡`¨vM‡K GwM‡q wb‡Z A_© gš¿Yvj‡qi A_© wefvM we`¨gvb wR2wc †c‡g›U eë¯’vi Dci GKwU e¨vcK ch©v‡jvPbv m¤úv`b Ki‡e Ges G‡ÿ‡Î AvšÍR©vwZK AwfÁZvmg~nI ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡e| ch©v‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g DcKvi‡fvMx‡ì Aw_©K AšÍfz©w³ e„w×i Rb¨ we`¨gvb A_© cÖ`vb eë¯’v‡K Kxfv‡e ms¯‹vi Kiv n‡e †m wel‡q Zviv mycvwik cÖ`vb Ki‡e| G ch©v‡jvPbv 2015 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^‡i ïiæ n‡Z hvIqv GgAvBGm mgxÿvi mgvšÍiv‡j cwiPvwjZ n‡e| Av‡jvP¨ ch©v‡jvPbv †_‡K cÖvß mycvwikmg~n miKvi KZ…©K g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡e| AZtci A_© gš¿Yvj‡qi A_© wefvM g~j †mev`vbKvix gš¿Yvjq/wefvMmg~‡ni mn‡hvwMZvq 2016 mv‡ji RyjvB gvm bvMv` Avw_©K AšÍf©zw³ m‡e©v”P e„w×i j‡ÿ¨ wR2wc †c‡g›U eë¯’vq iƒcvšÍi Ki‡Z GKwU cwiKíbv ˆZwi Ki‡e| 6.6 mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi DcKvi‡fvMx wbe©vPb c×wZ †Rvi`viKiY †`Lv †M‡Q mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi Rb¨ DcKvi‡fvMx wbe©vP‡bi we`¨gvb cÖwµqvq A‡bK `ye©jZv i‡q‡Q| G †ÿ‡Î we`¨gvb P¨v‡jÄMywj n‡jv: ● `wi`ª cwieviMywj‡K jÿ¨ K‡i M„nxZ Kg©m~wPMywj‡Z AwZ`wi`ª‡ì GKwU eo Ask ev` c‡o †M‡Q A_P hviv

• eq¯‹ fvZv Kg©m~wPi DcKvi‡fvMx‡ì cÖvq 33 kZvs‡ki eqm wba©vwiZ eqm mxgvi †P‡q Kg| • †`ke¨vcx cÖwZeÜx wPwýZKi‡Yi c×wZ †Rvi`viKiY Ges GKB cÖwµqv AbymiY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| g~j mvgvwRK Kg©m~wPMywj‡Z cÖ¯ÍvweZ e¨q evo‡jI fvZv/mnvqZv mwVK gvby‡li Kv‡Q hv‡”Q wKbv Zv wbwðZ Kiv Acwinvh©| Z‡e, we‡kl K‡i `vwi`ª¨wfwËK wbe©vPb cÖwµqv AbymiY K‡i mwVKfv‡e myweav‡fvMx wbe©vPb Kiv Dbœqbkxj †`kMywj‡Z GKwU Awfbœ mgm¨v| m¤úªwZ evsjv‡`k cwimsL¨vb ey¨‡iv (weweGm) cÖw· wgbm †U÷ (wcGgwU) c×wZ eënvi K‡i evsjv‡`k `vwi`ª¨ Z_¨fvÐvi (wewcwW) ˆZwii D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡i‡Q| wcGgwU G‡cÖv‡Pi mxgve×Zv we‡ePbvq `wi`ª I SuywKMÖ¯Í gvbyl‡ì wPwýZ Ki‡Z ¯’vbxq miKvi I GbwRmg~‡ni mnvqZvq GKwU mgwš^Z eë¯’v †bqv n‡e| †`‡ki eZ©gvb `vwi`ª¨ cwiw¯’wZi mwVK wPÎ Zz‡j ai‡Z LvbvwfwËK Z_¨fvÐv‡ii wbqwgZ I avivevwnK nvjbvMv`KiY AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| A‡bK Dbœqbkxj †`k eqm wba©vi‡Y Kvh©Ki eë¯’v cÖwZôvi wel‡q Kvh©Ki D‡`¨v‡Mi `„óvšÍ ¯’vcb K‡i‡Q, Kv‡RB evsjv‡`k Zv‡ì AwfÁZv †_‡K wkÿv MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i| DbœZ I Dbœqbkxj Dfq †ÿ‡ÎB A‡bK †`‡ki c‡ÿB cÖwZeÜx kbv³ Kiv mgm¨vRbK| Z‡e, miKvi cÖwZeÜx fvZv cvIqvi me©v‡cÿv †hvM¨‡ì AšÍf©y³ Ki‡Z ch©vß m¤ú` wewb‡qvM Ki‡Z B”QzK|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

myZivs, miKvi DcKvi‡fvMx evQvB‡qi we`¨gvb cÖwµqv ch©v‡jvPbv Kivi j‡ÿ¨ GKwU mgxÿv m¤úv`b Ki‡e hv cÖwZwU Kg©m~wP‡Z eënvi Kiv hv‡e| G mgxÿv †Kej eq¯‹ fvZv, cÖwZeÜx fvZv I wkky‡ì Rb¨ myweav msµvšÍ Kg©m~wP‡KB ch©v‡jvPbv I we‡kølY Ki‡e bv, eis wkÿv Dce„wË, `y¯’ gwnjv fvZv Kg©m~wP Ges IqvK©‡dqvi Kg©m~wP‡KI ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡e| GB ch©v‡jvPbv D”Pgv‡bi wbe©vPb eë¯’vi mycvwik Ki‡e| wW‡m¤î 2015 bvMv` G mgxÿvi KvR ïiæ Kivi cÖ¯Íve Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges Ryb 2016 bvMv` Av‡jvP¨ ch©v‡jvPbvi mycvwik †ck Kiv n‡e| Zvici, RyjvB 2016-Gi ci †_‡K miKvi ch©vqµ‡g Kg©m~wPMywj‡Z bZzb cÖwµqv cÖeZ©b Ki‡e| mvaviY A_©bxwZ wefvM G mgxÿv cwiPvjbvq †bZ…Z¡ cÖ`vb Ki‡e| Z‡e mgxÿvi Kv‡R mnvqZvK‡í GKwU Ôµm MfY©‡g›Uvj GWfvBRwi †evW©Õ cÖwZôv Kiv n‡e|

81 wRBwW

DcKvi MÖnxZv‡`i wel‡q me mgq mwVK wm×všÍ †bqv Am¤¢e miKv‡ii G ai‡bi Dcjwäi Kvi‡Y mgvRKj¨vY gš¿Yvj‡qi Aax‡b GKwU mgxÿv m¤úv`b Kiv n‡e, hv †`ke¨vcx cÖ‡qvM‡hvM¨ GKwU bvwjk I Awf‡hvM wb®úwË e¨e¯’v cÖwZôvi cÖ¯Íve Ki‡e| evQvB cÖwµqv wel‡q cwiPvwjZ mgxÿvi mgvšÍiv‡j G mgxÿv cwiPvwjZ n‡e Ges G mgxÿv †_‡K cÖvß mycvwikmg~‡ni ev¯Íevqb RyjvB 2016-Gi ci †_‡K kyiæ n‡e|

6.7 mvgvwRK wbivcËv wel‡q Dbœqb Askx`vi‡ì mv‡_ m¤ú„³Zv mvgvwRK wbivcËvi mv‡_ Dbœqb Askx`viMY bvbvfv‡e mswkøó i‡q‡Q| MZ `k‡K wØcvwÿK Dbœqb Askx`viMY mvgvwRK wbivcËv Lv‡Z D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cwigvY wewb‡qvM K‡i‡Q cÖavbZ †emiKvwi Lv‡Zi gva¨‡g| eª¨v‡Ki Kg©m~wP‡Z A_©vq‡bi †ÿ‡Î wWGdAvBwW GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Drm Ges Pi RxweKvqb Kg©m~wPi (wmGjwc) A_©vq‡bi Drm wWGdGwU-Gi mnvqZvq GKB mg‡q BD‡ivcxq BDwbqb †hme Kg©m~wP‡Z A_©vqb K‡i‡Q Zvi g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ n‡jv ÔdzW GÛ jvBfwjnyW wmwKDwiwU †cÖvMÖvg (GdGjGmwc)Õ Ges ÔdzW GÛ wmwKDiwU di `¨v AvjUªvcyIi †cÖvMÖvg (GdGmBDwc)Õ| BDGbwWwc A_©vwqZ cÖKíMywj n‡jv Ôiæivj Ggcøq‡g›U AcviPzwbwUm di cvewjK G‡mUm (AviBIwcG) Ges Ô†÷ªs‡`wbs DB‡gbÕm GwewjwU di †cÖvWvKwUf wbD AcviPzwbwUm (GmWvweøBGwcGbI)Õ| Gme Kg©m~wP g~jZ Avq ea©bg~jK ev m¤ú` n¯ÍvšÍig~jK Kg©m~wP †hMywj eny msL¨K AwZ`wi`ª‡K Pig `vwi`ª¨ †_‡K gy³ Ki‡Z jÿYxq gvÎvq mnvqZv K‡i‡Q| mvgvwRK wbivcËvi †ÿ‡Î evsjv‡`‡ki Av‡iKwU Ab¨Zg Dbœqb Askx`vi n‡jv wek¦e¨vsK| wek¦e¨vs‡Ki AvMÖ‡ni cÖavb †ÿÎ n‡jv `wi`ª‡ì Rb¨ Kg©ms¯’v‡bi my‡hvM †Rvi`viKiY, wcGgwU c×wZ eënvi K‡i GKwU RvZxq GKK myweav‡fvMx wbe©vPb c×wZ cÖeZ©b Ges kZ©hy³ GKwU bZzb bM` A_© n¯ÍvšÍig~jK (wmwmwU) Kg©m~wP cÖeZ©b| wek¦e¨vsK `wi`ª‡ì Rb¨ cwiPvwjZ mvgvwRK wbivcËv cÖK‡íi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ Ges `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv I ÎvY gš¿Yvjq, GmAvBwW Ges ¯’vbxq miKvi, cjøx Dbœqb I mgevq gš¿Yvj‡qi mv‡_ Zviv Nwbófv‡e KvR K‡i _v‡K| MZ wZb eQi a‡i Dbœqb mn‡hvMxe„›` GKwU e¨vcKwfwËK mvgvwRK wbivcËv cØwZi cÖ‡qvRb wel‡q miKv‡ii mv‡_ GKwU bxwZ-msjvc Av‡qvR‡b m‡Pó i‡q‡Q| Gi d‡j GbGmGmGm-Gi Dbœq‡b mvgvwRK wbivcËv I KvwiMwi mnvqZv kxl©K GKwU Kvh©Kwi Kbdv‡i‡Ýi Av‡qvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q| GbGmGmGm cÖYq‡bi d‡j mvgvwRK wbivcËv †ÿ‡Î miKvi I Dbœqb Askx`vi‡ì g‡a¨ e¨vcKZi Askx`vwiZ¡ wel‡q GKwU KvVv‡gv MwVZ n‡q‡Q| mvgvwRK wbivcËvi †ÿ‡Î Dbœqb Askx`vi‡ì m¤ú„³ nIqvi AvMÖn‡K miKvi ¯^vMZ Rvbvq Ges ¯^Zš¿¨ Kg©m~wP‡Z Zv‡ì mnvqZvi Rb¨ miKvi GbGmGmGm‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡e| GbGmGmGm ev¯Íevq‡b miKvi KvwiMwi mnvqZvi †ÿÎ AbymÜvb Ki‡e Ges cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb c×wZi KvVv‡gvi (hv mßg Aa¨v‡q Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q) ev¯Íevq‡b mnvqZv Ki‡e| 6.8 GbwRI‡ì mv‡_ m¤ú„³Zv mvgvwRK wbivcËvi †ÿ‡Î †mev cÖ`vbmn wewfbœ ai‡bi mvgvwRK †mevcÖ`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î evsjv‡`‡k wek¦gv‡bi †ekwKQz GbwRI M‡o D‡V‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki GbwRI‡ì D™¢vweZ ÔMÖ¨vRy‡qkbÕ G‡cÖvP eZ©gv‡b A‡bK †`‡k cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡”Q Ges mdjfv‡e D`vniY wn‡m‡e D‡jøL Kiv n‡”Q| GbwRI I KwgDwbwUi gv‡S Askx`vwiZ¡ wel‡q miKvi Me©‡eva K‡i _v‡K| `vwi`ª¨ wbimb I gvbe Dbœq‡bi †ÿ‡Î GB Askx`vwiZ¡ BwZevPK dj w`‡”Q| miKvi GbGmGmGm- Gi Dci wfwË K‡i mvgvwRK wbivcËvg~jK †mev cÖ`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î GB Askx`vwiZ¡‡K Ae¨vnZ ivL‡e Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b GB Askx`vwiZ¡‡K Av‡iv MfxiZi I we¯Í…Z Ki‡e| †hme mywbw`©ó †ÿ‡Î GbwRImg~n DcKvix n‡Z cv‡i †mMywj n‡jv:

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

D™¢vebxg~jK a¨vbaviYv cvBjwUs Kiv, we‡kl K‡i `yM©g GjvKvq emev‡mi Kvi‡Y ev RbmsL¨vi cÖvwšÍK ev AiwÿZ mvgvwRK †Mvôxi AšÍfz©³ nIqvi Kvi‡Y hv‡ì Kv‡Q †cuŠQv‡bv KwVb Zv‡ì ga¨ †_‡K m¤¢ve¨ DcKvi‡fvMx‡ì wPwýZKiY, Ges GbGmGmGm-Gi ev¯Íevqb m¤úwK©Z bvwjk I Awf‡hvM wb®úwË‡Z mnvqZv Kiv|

82 wRBwW

Aa¨vq 7

mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPi Rb¨ djvdjwfwËK cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb eë¯’v 7.1 mvwe©K wPÎ RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj cÖYxZ nevi ci kyiy n‡e Gi ev¯Íevqb chv©q| G ch©v‡qi cÖavb KiYxqmg~‡ni g‡a¨ _vK‡e †mev cÖ`vb cÖwµqvi Dbœqb, Kg©m~wPi djvdj bw_e×KiY Ges weKí cš’vmg~‡ni Kvh©KvwiZv wel‡q bxwZwbav©iKMY‡K AewnZKiY| GQvov †KŠk‡j AšÍf©z³ Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni m¤úªmviY I †UKmwnZv wbwðZ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ cÖ‡qvRb n‡e ivR‰bwZK mg_©‡bi| G †cÖwÿ‡Z GKwU Pjgvb cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb eë¯’v Acwinvh© n‡q co‡e| cwiexÿY n‡jv Kg©m¤úv`b msµvšÍ wb‡`©kKmg~n wPwýZKiY I Abymi‡Yi GKwU cÖwµqv hvi gva¨‡g Kg©m~wPi RxebKvje¨vcx ev¯Íevqb ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv nq| Kg©m~wPi D‡Ïk¨mg~n AR©‡b AMÖMwZ I mvdj¨ wel‡q mswkøó eë¯’vcK I Ab¨vb¨ Askx`vi‡ì‡K AewnZ Kivi Rb¨ Kg©m¤úv`b wb‡`©kKmg~‡ni Dci Z_¨-DcvË msMÖn Ges †mMywj ch©v‡jvPbv Kivi GKwU Pjgvb cÖwµqv wn‡m‡eI cwiexÿY‡K msÁvwqZ Kiv hvq| g~j¨vqb n‡jv cwiexÿ‡Yi cieZx© D”PZi avc hv Afxó jÿ¨ AR‡©bi (AvDUKvg) mv‡_ mswkøó KviYmg~‡ni AšÍwb©wnZ m¤ú‡K©i ¯îƒc DÑvUb K‡i Ges †KŠk‡ji wewfbœ Dcv`vb ev †KŠkjfz³ †Kv‡bv Kg©m~wP m¤ú~Y©fv‡e ev¯ÍevwqZ nevi ci G‡ì cÖfve g~j¨vqb K‡i _v‡K| RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji g~j¨vqb cÖwµqvi g~‡j _vK‡e †KŠk‡ji bKkv, ev¯Íevqb I djvd‡ji ˆbe¨©w³K I c×wZMZ we‡kølY| mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji mdj ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb n‡e GKwU c~Yv©½ I ¯^qswµq AvaywbK Z_¨ eë¯’vcbv c×wZi (GgAvBGm)| GKwesk kZvãxi wWwRUvj cÖhyw³i hy‡M ¯^qswµq eë¯’vi ¸iæZ¡ Ab¯^xKvh©| GKwU ¯^qswµq eë¯’vi gva¨‡g Kg©m~wPi aib Abyhvqx myweav‡fvMx‡ì ZvwjKv msiÿY I wbqwgZ nvjbvMv` Ges AbjvB‡b Aby`v‡bi A_© cÖ`vb Ki‡Z mÿg| Gi d‡j GKw`‡K †hgb mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi ev¯Íevqb mnRZi nq †Zgwb Ab¨w`‡K A_© †jb‡`‡bi e¨q I `yb©xwZI K‡g Av‡m|

7.2 we`¨gvb cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb e¨e¯’v

Kg©m~wPMywj KZUzKz fv‡jvfv‡e KvR Ki‡Q Zv eyS‡Z Ges ev¯Íevq‡bi eëavbmg~n wPwýZ Ki‡Z (hv DËg bKkv, DËg Z_¨ I DËg ev¯Íevq‡bi gva¨‡g mgvav Kiv cÖ‡qvRb n‡e) miKvi‡K mnvqZvKi‡Y RvZxq ch©v‡q I Kg©m~wPwfwËK cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb eë¯’v cÖwZôv AZxe Riæwi| djvdjwfwËK cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb eë¯’v cÖwZôv Kiv RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© mycvwik Ges eZ©gvb mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi ms¯‹vi Kvh©µg †_‡K Kvw•ÿZ djvdj AR©b wbwðZ Ki‡Z GwU Acwinvh©| GQvov gš¿YvjqMywj Kg©m~wPi cvidi‡gÝwfwËK ev‡RU cÖYqbKv‡jI G‡K wfwË wn‡m‡e eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡e| miKvi lô cÂevwl©K cwiKíbv I mswkøó LvZwfwËK Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni ev¯Íevqb cwiexÿ‡Y Kvh©Ki djvdjwfwËK cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb eë¯’vi Dci e¨vcK MyiæZ¡ cÖ`vb K‡i‡Q| G eë¯’vq RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkjI AšÍfz©³ 23 wek¦e¨vsK mnvqZvcyó `wi`ª‡ì Rb¨ Ggcøq‡g›U M¨vivw›U †cÖvMÖvg|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

eZ©gv‡b mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni Rb¨ †Kv‡bv AvbyôvwbK cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb eë¯’v †bB| RvZxq ch©v‡q `vwi`ª¨ n«v‡m mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wP¸‡jv eivÏK…Z m¤ú` KZUzKz mdjfv‡e eënvi Ki‡Q Zv c×wZMZ Dcv‡q g~j¨vq‡bi †Kv‡bv eë¯’v †bB| eZ©gv‡b ¯^Zš¿ ev gš¿YvjqwfwËK Kg©mw~Pmg~‡ni †ÿ‡ÎI †Kv‡bv cwiexÿY I g~j¨vq‡bi eë¯’v †bB| `vZv‡ì wb‡`©‡k wKQy Kg©m~wPi Dci ¯^vaxb cÖfve g~j¨vqb mgxÿv n‡q‡Q| Gme mgxÿvq wgkÖ djvdj jÿ¨ Kiv †M‡Q| AwZ m¤úªwZ wKQzmsL¨K `vZv ms¯’v Kg©m~wPi bKkv cÖYqb I ev¯Íevq‡bi Ask wn‡m‡e GKwU AvbyôvwbK cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb †KŠkj cÖwZôvi j‡ÿ¨ mswkøó ev¯ÍevqbKvix ms¯’vMywji mv‡_ KvR Ki‡Q|23

83 wRBwW

_vK‡e| eZ©gv‡b cÖKí ev Kg©m~wPi cwiexÿY I g~j¨vq‡bi `vwqZ¡ ev¯Íevqb cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb wefv‡Mi Dci b¨¯Í| cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb mswkøó kxl© ms¯’v wn‡m‡e miKvwi Lv‡Zi Dbœqb Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni Z`viwK K‡i _v‡K G wefvM| Aek¨ lô cÂevwl©K cwiKíbvq ejv n‡q‡Q, Òev¯Íevqb cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb wefvM cÖK‡íi Avw_©K I †fŠZ ev¯Íevqb Abymi‡Y Kvh©Ki f~wgKv iv‡L, Z‡e djvdjwfwËK cwiexÿY I g~j¨vq‡bi †ÿ‡Î e¨vcK NvUwZ I eëavb i‡q‡QÓ| G eëavb `~i Kivi Rb¨ lô cÂevwl©K cwiKíbvq cÖPwjZ BbcyU-AvDUcyU wbf©i cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb eë¯’vi cwie‡Z© djvdjwfwËK cwiexÿY eë¯’v cÖeZ©‡bi cÖ¯Íve Kiv nq| G bZzb eë¯’vi Kvh©Ki eënv‡ii gva¨‡g bxwZ wba©viKMY †KŠkj I Kg©m~wPi AR©b (AvDUKvg) I cÖfve (Bgc¨v±) AviI mwVKfv‡e we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| LvZwfwËK †KŠk‡ji djvdjwbf©i cwiexÿY m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj GKwU cøvUd‡g©i eë¯’v Ki‡e Avi Zv n‡e G Aa¨v‡qi 7.3 Aby‡”Q‡` ewY©Z wb‡`©kKmg~‡ni GKwU Dc‡mU| G‡ÿ‡Î 7.4 Aby‡”Q‡` we‡køwlZ AvšÍR©vwZK AwfÁZvjä Ávb mnvqK n‡e|

7.3 djvdjwfwËK cwiexÿY I g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ †KŠkj mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb eë¯’v wZbwU cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ mvab Ki‡e: • †KŠkjMZ D‡Ïk¨ - RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj wK `vwi`ª¨ I ‰elg¨ n«vm, gvbe Dbœqb I AšÍfz©w³g~jK A_©‰bwZK cÖe„w× AR©b cÖf…wZ jÿ¨ AR©b Ki‡Q? • cÖv‡qvwMK D‡Ïk¨ - eë¯’vcKMY Kxfv‡e wbivcËv Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni `ÿZv I Kvh©KvwiZv evov‡Z cv‡i? • wkÿYxq D‡Ïk¨ - mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji ev¯Íevqb †_‡K Kx wkÿv jvf Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i? GbGmGmGm Gi cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb msµvšÍ Z_¨fvÐvi¸‡jv wb‡gœv³ wZbwU ¯Í‡ii Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb n‡e: 1.1| Kg©m~wPIqvwi cwiexÿY 1.2| mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj cÖwµqvi cwiexÿY 1.3| mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi cÖfve g~j¨vqb djvdjwfwËK cwiexÿY KvVv‡gvi Aax‡b mvaviYZ G wZbwU ¯Í‡ii cÖwZwUi Rb¨ A‡bKMywj wb‡`©kK wPwýZ Kiv nq, cÖwZwU ¯Í‡ii Rb¨ jÿ¨gvÎv wba©viY Kiv nq Ges cÖwZwU jÿ¨gvÎvi wecix‡Z djvdj AR©b wPwýZ Ki‡Z cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb cÖwµqv cwiPvjbv Kiv nq| GRb¨ cÖvmw½K D`vniY Ges m¤¢ve¨ Dcvq ev nvwZqvimg~n wb‡gœi 3wU Aby‡”Q‡` Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q, hv Dc‡i ewY©Z wZbwU ¯Í‡ii mv‡_ msMwZc~Y©| 7.3.1 †KŠk‡ji Aax‡b ¯^Zš¿ Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni cwiexÿY

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv ‡KŠk‡j AšÍf©y³ Kg©m~wPIqvwi cwiexÿ‡Yi jÿ¨ n‡e Kg©m¤úv`b wb‡`©kKmg~‡ni (Performance indicators) wecix‡Z Z_¨ msMÖn I msKjb; Gme wb‡`©k‡Ki g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q:

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• • • • •

†mevMÖnxZvi msL¨v cÖ`Ë myweavi msL¨v myweav‡fvMx cÖwZ Mo myweav Lvbvi †gvU Avq ev gv_vwcQz Av‡qi kZvsk wn‡m‡e myweavi cÖK…Z g~j¨gvb GKKcÖwZ g~j¨ n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii (f¨vjy UªvÝdvi) e¨q (†hgb, 100 UvKv)

wewfbœ mvaviY wk‡ivbv‡gi Aax‡b cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb cÖwµqv Kg©m~wPi ZvrÿwYK cÖfve †hgb, A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK cÖfve wPwýZ Ki‡e| GQvov wKQz †ÿ‡Î AwaKZi mywbw`©ó wk‡ivbv‡gi Aax‡b †hgb, wkÿvMZ cÖfve (wkÿvg~jK Kg©m~wP) ev cywóMZ cÖfve (¯^v¯’¨ ev cywóMZ Kg©m~wP) wPwýZ Ki‡e| cÖwZwU wk‡ivbv‡gi Aax‡b Av‡jvP¨ djvdjwfwËK cwiexÿ‡Y e¨eüZ n‡Z cv‡i Ggb wb‡`©k‡Ki wKQz D`vniY bx‡P cÖ`vb Kiv n‡jv|

Lvbv/cwiev‡ii wewb‡qvM e„w× kÖgevRv‡i AskMÖnY mswkøó Ae¯’vi cwieZ©b-M„n¯’vwj I gRywiwfwËK KvR A_©‰bwZK my‡hv‡Mi Dbœqb Avw_©K AšÍf©zw³ †hgb, e¨vsK wnmve Lyj‡Z cviv

mvgvwRK cÖfve • • • •

myweav‡fvMx‡`i g‡a¨ AvZœgh©v`v‡eva, AvZ¥wek¦vm I gZcÖKv‡ki mÿgZv e„w× bvixi ÿgZvqb I wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y bvixi f~wgKv e„w× mbvZbx mvgvwRK †RÛvi bxwZ I g‡bvfve cwieZ©b wkky wkÿvq wewb‡qv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î †RÛvi M¨vc Kgv‡bv

wkÿvMZ cÖfve • • •

cywóMZ cÖfve • • • •

¯Íb¨cv‡bi nvi e„w× (1-12 gvm) Lv`¨ ZvwjKvq êwPÎ¨ e„w× (6-23 gvm) ¯Íb¨cvb I †fvR‡bi nvimn DbœZ ev gvbm¤§Z Lv‡`ï cÖvc¨Zv (6-23 gvm) Lv`¨ ZvwjKvq êwPÎ¨ e„w× (cÖRbb eqmx gwnjv‡ì)

Kg©m~wPIqvwi cwiexÿ‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Z‡_ï AwaKvsk Avm‡e Kg©m~wPi wbR¯^^ Z_¨ eë¯’vcbv c×wZ †_‡K| mwVKfv‡e cwiPvwjZ Z_¨ eë¯’vcbv c×wZi cvi¯úwiK mgš^q LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©; Gi d‡j mn‡RB Z_¨ wewbgq, msKjb Ges Zzjbv Kiv hvq| Z‡e GKwUgvÎ mgwš^Z Z_¨ eë¯’vcbv c×wZ _vK‡Z n‡e Ggb bq| wewfbœ Kg©m~wPi cÖvwZôvwbK RwUjZv I cÖkvmwbK eëav‡bi Kvi‡Y GKK Z_¨ eë¯’vcbv c×wZ Kvh©Ki bvI n‡Z cv‡i| GKBfv‡e mgwš^Z myweav‡fvMx Z_¨fvÐviI Acwinvh© bq; cÖvqkB GwU ev¯Íem¤§Z bq Ges G‡ÿ‡Î wKQymsL¨K e¨w³i meMywj Kg©m~wP †_‡K ev` c‡o hvevi SzuwK _v‡K| Gi cwie‡Z© eis mKj Kg©m~wPi Rb¨ Awfbœ wb‡`©kK eënvi Kiv hvq, hvi d‡j wewfbœ Kg©m~wPi Z‡_ï Zzjbv I msKjb mnR n‡e| cvkvcvwk me Kg©m~wPwfwËK cÖwZwU Z_¨fvÐv‡ii †ÿ‡Î mKj myweav‡fvMxi Rb¨ Awfbœ kbv³KiY eë¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e hv RvZxq cwiPqcÎ eë¯’vi mv‡_ mshy³ _vK‡e| Kg©m~wPwfwËK cwiexÿ‡Yi Av‡iKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© nvwZqvi n‡e Gme Kg©m~wPi Z_¨ eë¯’vcbv c×wZi gva¨‡g cÖ¯ÍyZK…Z Z‡_ï weï×Zv hvPvB‡q ¯^vaxb I wbi‡cÿ AvKw¯§K Z¡wiZ wbixÿY (¯úU †PK) eë¯’v| wØZxq †h †ÿÎwUi cwiexÿY cÖ‡qvRb n‡e Zv n‡jv RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji mvwe©K ev¯Íevqb| G‡ÿ‡Î wbgœewY©Z cÖkœmg~‡ni DËi LuyR‡Z n‡e: • • • • • • • •

†KŠkjwU wK Kvw•ÿZ myweav‡fvMx‡`i wbKU †cuŠ‡Q? †KŠkjwU wK Kvw•ÿZ myweav‡fvMx‡`i‡K ev` †`q? †KŠkjwU wK Kvw•ÿZ djvdj AR©‡b mÿg? Aewkó Rb‡Mvôxi Dci Gi cÖfve Kx? †KŠk‡ji Dcv`vb¸‡jvi bKkv cÖYq‡bi Av‡iv fv‡jv †Kv‡bv Dcvq Av‡Q wK? †KŠkjwU‡K AviI AwaK `ÿfv‡e cwiPvjbv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i wK? eivÏK…Z m¤ú`/A_© wK `ÿZvi mv‡_ e¨wqZ nq? Avw_©K wel‡q Kg©m¤úv`b wK ‡KŠk‡ji bKkv Abyhvqx nq?

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

7.3.2 mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj cÖwµqvi cwiexÿY

85 wRBwW

GRb¨ †mBme wb‡`©k‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb n‡e hv †KŠkjwUi Avw_©K, cÖv‡qvwMK I cÖvwZôvwbK w`K cwiexÿ‡Yi e¨e¯’v Ki‡e| Avw_©K w`Kmg~n • • •

wRwWwcÕi kZvsk wn‡m‡e mvgvwRK wbivcËv e¨q †gvU miKvwi e¨‡qi kZvsk wn‡m‡e mvgvwRK wbivcËv e¨q †gvU Kg©m~wP e¨‡qi kZvsk wn‡m‡e cÖkvmwbK e¨q

cÖv‡qvwMK w`K • • • •

myweav‡fvMxi msL¨v cÖ`Ë myweavi msL¨v myweav‡fvMx cÖwZ Mo myweav RbmsL¨vi kZvsk wn‡m‡e myweav‡fvMxi msL¨v

cÖvwZôvwbK w`K • • • • • • •

Av‡jvP¨ Kg©Kv‡Ð wb‡qvwRZ Kg©xi msL¨v cÖwkÿYMÖnYKvix Kg©xi msL¨v (†K›`ªxq I ¯’vbxq Dfq ch©v‡q) wbev©Pb, weZiY, Ac©Y I SuzwK e¨e¯’vcbv c×wZi mvwe©K Dbœqb Kg©m~wPi bKkvq myweav‡fvMx‡`i e¨vcKZi m¤ú„³Zv Pvwn`vMZ mvov`vb e„w× mieivnMZ mvov`vb e„w× mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj‡K †UKmB I Pjgvb ivL‡Z miKv‡ii mÿgZv e„w×

7.3.3 mvgvwRK wbivcËv e¨e¯’vi Kvh©KvwiZvi g~j¨vqb djvdjwfwËK c×wZ cÖeZ©‡bi Rb¨ RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji AvIZvq me‡P‡q MyiyZ¡c~Y© †ÿÎ m¤¢eZ mvgvwRK wbivcËv e¨e¯’vi mvwe©K cÖfve g~j¨vqb| GQvovI i‡q‡Q cÖv‡qvwMK w`Kmg~‡ni g~j¨vqb †hgb, D‡Ïk¨mg~n AR©‡b mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji `ÿZv I Kvh©KvwiZv Ges A_©‰bwZK, mvgvwRK, wkÿvMZ I cywóMZ †ÿÎmn wewfbœ †ÿ‡Î G †KŠk‡ji `xN©‡gqvw` cÖfve| wewfbœ wk‡ivbv‡gi AvIZvq m¤¢ve¨ wb‡`©kKmg~n wb‡gœ cÖ`vb Kiv n‡jv|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

`ÿZv

86 wRBwW

• • • • •

kZKiv wn‡m‡e `vwi`ª¨nv‡ii n«vm kZKiv wn‡m‡e `vwi`ªëëavb n«vm wRwb ev `vwi`ª¨ cwigv‡ci Ab¨vb¨ c×wZi Dci wfwË K‡i AmgZv n«vm `vwi`ªëëavb n«v‡m GKK cÖwZ e¨q mvgvwRK wbivcËv myweav n‡Z ewÂZ `wi`ª I SzuwKMÖ¯Í gvby‡li msL¨v Ges gv_vwcQz `vwi`ª n«v‡mi GKK e¨q Kgv‡bv

cwievicÖwZ †fv‡Mi cwigvY e„w× mÂq e„w× Ges F‡Yi cwigvY n«vm cwievi KZ…©K Drcv`bg~jK ev A_©‰bwZK Lv‡Z wewb‡qv‡Mi cwigvY e„w× Lvbvi gv_vwcQz Avq e„w×

mvgvwRK cÖfve • • • •

mvgvwRK †RÛvi msµvšÍ g‡bvfv‡ei cwieZ©b RxebhvÎvi cQ›` I my‡hv‡Mi DbœwZ †g‡q‡`i wkÿvi cÖwZ `„wófw½i Dbœqb wkwÿZ †g‡q‡`i A_©‰bwZK Ae`vb e„w×

wkÿvMZ cÖfve • • • • •

¯‹z‡j fwZ©, a‡i ivLv (wi‡Ubkb), Dcw¯’wZ I wkÿv mgvßKi‡Y †RÛvi, mvgvwRK I AvÂwjK e¨eavb n«vm wkÿY djvdj (jvwb©s AvDUKvg) I cÖvwZôvwbK Kg©m¤úv`‡bi DbœwZ gva¨wgK I D”P wkÿvq Mg‡bi D”PZi nvi we`¨vj‡q Ae¯’v‡bi eQ‡ii msL¨v e„w× GKB †kÖwY‡Z GKvwaK eQi cvV MÖn‡Yi nvi n«vm

cywóMZ cÖfve • • •

¯^v¯’¨ I cywó wb‡`©k‡Ki Dbœqb (wUKv, iæMœZv, Lv`¨ ZvwjKvq ˆewPÎ¨, K¨vjwi MÖnY BZ¨vw`) eq‡mi Zzjbvq Kg D”PZvi wkkyi ev Le©Kvq wkkyi msL¨v n«vm gvZ…g„Zz¨ I beRvZK g„Zz¨i nvi n«vm

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji cÖfve g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ cÖavb nvwZqvi n‡e wbqwgZ I MyYMZ I cwigvYMZ Rwic| Aek¨ we`¨gvb wewfbœ Rwic †hgb, evsjv‡`k cwimsL¨vb ey¨‡iv cwiPvwjZ Lvbv Avq-e¨q Rwi‡ci Dci wKQzUv n‡jI wbf©i Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i (Aby‡”Q` 7.4 `ªóe¨)| Z‡e Lvbv Avq-e¨q Rwi‡ci cvkvcvwk GKwU evwl©K c¨v‡bj Rwic cwiPvjbv KiviI cÖ‡qvRb i‡q‡Q| G c¨v‡bj Rwic wec`vcbœZv I `vwi‡`ª¨i eûgvwÎKZv Av‡iv Mfxifv‡e Zy‡j ai‡Z mÿg n‡e Ges miKvi‡K evwl©K wfwË‡Z mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji cÖfve g~j¨vq‡bI GwU mnvqZv Ki‡e| GQvov ¯^Zš¿ Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni Ges RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji mvwe©K cÖfve wbY©‡q AviI A‡bK g~j¨vqb c×wZ e¨envi Kiv DwPZ n‡e| eûmsL¨K weKí g~j¨vqb c×wZ i‡q‡Q; wfbœ wfbœ †cÖÿvc‡U wfbœ wfbœ c×wZi cÖ‡qvRb co‡e| Avm‡j cÖfve g~j¨vq‡bi †Kv‡bv GKK m‡ev©Ëg c×wZ †bB| weKímg~‡ni g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q: cwigvYMZ c×wZmg~n

• AvswkK cixÿvg~jK bKkv c×wZ‡Z (†Kvqvwm G·‡cwi‡g›Uvj wWRvBb) Kg©m~wPi myweav‡fvMx‡ì KvQvKvwQ êwkó¨ i‡q‡Q Ggb GKwU wbqwš¿Z MÖæc‡K eënvi Kiv nq| Gici "cÖeYZv A¼ mv`„k¨vqb (cÖ‡cbwmwU †¯‹vi g¨vwPs)" A_ev "enyPjKxq cÖZ¨ve„wË c×wZi (gvwëf¨vwi‡qU wi‡MÖkb A¨v‡cÖvP)" gva¨‡g cÖfve g~j¨vqb Kiv nq| G c×wZ cÖvqkB e„nr AvKv‡ii bgybv Rwic I AZ¨vaywbK cwimsL¨vwbK we‡kølY eënvi K‡i e‡j GwU e¨qenyjI n‡Z cv‡i| • †Kv‡bv GKwU wbqwš¿Z MÖæ‡ci mv‡_ cÖKí/Kg©m~wP myweav‡fvMx‡ì ev¯Íevq‡bvËi (G·†cv÷) Zzjbv Kiv Av‡iKwU c×wZ| G c×wZ‡Z KvD›Uvid¨vKPzqvj wmPz‡qkb cwigv‡ci GKwU Dcvq wn‡m‡e eûPjKxq we‡kølY eënvi Kiv nq| G‡ÿ‡Î †h e¨q nq Zv cixÿvg~jK I †Kvqvwm ev AvswkK cixÿvg~jK c×wZi A‡a©‡Ki †P‡q Kg n‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e GwU êÁvwbKfv‡e Lye GKwU wbfz©j bq|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

• cixÿvg~jK bKkvq (G·‡cwi‡g›Uvj wWRvBb) e¨w³ ev Lvbv‡K myweav‡fvMx (cixÿvaxb MÖæc) Ges myweav‡fvMx bq (wbqwš¿Z MÖæc) Ggb `ywU `‡j fvM K‡i _v‡K| G ai‡bi c×wZ (hv A‡bK mgq i¨vÛgvBRW K‡›Uªvj Uªvqvj wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ nq) weÁvbm¤§Zfv‡e cÖfve g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ my¯^xK…Z| Z‡e GMywj cwiPvjbv Kiv RwUj I e¨qenyj| ZvQvov ˆbwZKZvi wePv‡iI G c×wZ cÖkœwe× n‡Z cv‡i †Kbbv me©Rbxb wfwË‡Z cwiPvwjZ Kg©m~wPi †ÿ‡Î wbqwš¿Z MÖæ‡ci AšÍf©z³‡`i ewÂZ Kiv MÖnY‡hvM¨ e‡j we‡ewPZ nq bv|

87 wRBwW

wgkÖ c×wZ • ev¯Íevq‡bvËi `ªæZ g~j¨vqb/mgxÿv cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ cÖfve-g~j¨vq‡bi †ÿ‡Î wewfbœ ai‡bi c×wZ eënvi Kiv ‡h‡Z cv‡i †hgb, AskMÖnYg~jK c×wZ, mvÿvrKvi, †dvKvm MÖc Av‡jvPbv, †KBm ÷vwW, wgwb mv‡f©, cÖZ¨ÿ ch©‡eÿY I wewfbœ Drm †_‡K cÖvß gva¨wgK DcvË| G c×wZ‡Z `ªæZ MwZ‡Z Z_¨ msMÖn Kiv m¤¢e| †h‡nZz `ªæZ g~j¨vq‡bi †ÿ‡Î cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv e¨q Kgv‡bv, †m‡nZz G c×wZ‡Z g~j¨vqb cwiPvjbvi e¨q mvaviYZ cÖPwjZ c×wZi Zzjbvq Kg n‡q _v‡K| MyYMZ c×wZ • AskMÖnYg~jK ch©‡eÿ‡Y †h GjvKv‡Z GKwU Kg©m~wP cwiPvwjZ nq gvV ch©v‡qi M‡elKiv †mLvbKvi gvbylRb‡ì mvwbœ‡a¨ GKwU eo mgq e¨q K‡i _v‡K Ges Zviv MyYMZ Z_¨ Zz‡j wb‡q Av‡m I ÿz`ª cwim‡ii RwicI Pvjvq| cwigvYMZ c×wZi wecix‡Z ¸YMZ c×wZ‡Z AšÍfz©³ nq AskMÖnYKvix we‡kølY, AskMÖnYg~jK g~j¨vqb I DcKvi‡fvMx g~j¨vqb| • †Km ÷vwW I jvBd wnw÷ª n‡jv †Kv‡bv GKwU wbw`©ó †KŠk‡ji gva¨‡g †Kv‡bv NUbv m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ Z_¨ AbymÜvb I we‡kølY| G‡ÿ‡Î Db¥y³ cÖkœ K‡i I e¨w³MZ BwZnvm wjwce× K‡i ¸YMZ Z_¨ msMÖn Kiv nq| • AskMÖnYg~jK wkÿY I K‡g©i †ÿ‡Î GKRb mgxÿK GKwU wbw`©ó Kg©m~wPi AskMÖnYKvix‡ì mwµq m¤ú„³Zvq mnvqZv K‡i| †`Lv †M‡Q, Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni cwigvYevPK I MyYevPK c×wZi wgkÖY cÖfve g~j¨vq‡b, we‡kl K‡i RwUj mvgvwRK cwi‡e‡k cwiPvwjZ Kg©m~wPi †ÿ‡Î, ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i| wgkÖ c×wZ eënv‡ii PviwU cÖavb KviY n‡jv:

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

• • • •

88 wRBwW

g~j¨vqbKvix‡K wewea c×wZ I cš’v e¨env‡ii my‡hvM cÖ`vb K‡i ; Uªvqv½y‡jk‡bi gva¨‡g A‡bK¸‡jv ¯^vaxb djvdj cÖ`vb K‡i| Gfv‡e Dcmsnvi ev wm×v‡šÍi h_v_©Zv e„w× cvq; Kg©m~wPi †cÖÿvcU‡K Mfxifv‡e Abyaveb I we‡køl‡Yi e¨e¯’v K‡i; Ges DcvË msMÖ‡n mgq I LiP evuPvq|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji cwiexÿY I g~j¨vq‡bi AvIZvq cwigvYevPK we‡køl‡Yi DrKl© evov‡Z Gi cvkvcvwk cÖfve g~j¨vqbKv‡j ¸YMZ we‡køl‡Yi cÖwZ mgvb `„wó w`‡Z n‡e Ges cwigvYMZ c×wZi gva¨‡g m¤¢e bq Ggb mKj wel‡q Av‡iv Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e †hgb: mvgvwRK cwieZ©b, wm×všÍ MÖnY, †RÛvi bg©m, KwgDwbwUi m`m¨‡`i g‡a¨ cvi¯úwiK m¤úK©, Kg©m~wPi mv‡_ RwoZ wewfbœ msMV‡bi wfZ‡i AvšÍtwµqvi cÖwµqv, AskMÖnY I AR©‡bi Dci A_©‰bwZK, mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK Dcv`vbmg~‡ni cÖfve/Zvrch©, RbM‡Yi gZvgZ, RbM‡Yi `„wófw½ BZ¨vw`| g~j¨vq‡bi wgkÖ c×wZ cÖvß djvd‡ji †ÿ‡Î e¨vcKZi Uªvqv½y‡jkb cÖ`vb K‡i, †cÖÿvcU, `„wófw½ I gvb`Ð cwieZ©‡b mvnvh¨ K‡i, ch©‡ewÿZ djvd‡ji wfbœgvwÎKZvi e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb K‡i Ges AwR©Z Ávb I AwfÁZvi wek` I e¨vcK we‡køl‡Y mvnvh¨ K‡i| G meMywj g~j¨vqb c×wZB bxwZMZ wm×všÍ MÖnY I Zvi MÖnY‡hvM¨Zvq mnvqZvKi‡Y we‡kl ¸iæZ¡c~Y© e‡j we‡ewPZ nq|

7.4 AvšÍR©vwZK AwfÁZv †_‡K wkÿYxq welqmg~n RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb eë¯’vi ev¯Íevq‡b evsjv‡`k AvšÍR©vwZK AwfÁZv †_‡K cÖvmw½K wkÿv wb‡Z cv‡i| cÖwZwU †`‡kiB djvdjwfwËK cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb eë¯’v ev¯Íevq‡bi wbR¯^ eë¯’v _v‡K| we‡k¦ Ggb †Kv‡bv g‡Wj †bB hv evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ mivmwi cÖ‡qvM‡hvM¨ ev cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e AvšÍR©vwZK AwfÁZv †_‡K A‡bK wKQz wkÿYxq Av‡Q hv wb‡gœ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv|

GKwU Kvh©Ki Z_¨-eë¯’vcbv c×wZ Kg©m~wPi cÖfve g~j¨vqb I cwiexÿ‡Y myôz wfwË cÖ`vb K‡i| GwU D™¢vebxg~jK cÖhyw³ eënv‡ii gva¨‡g †Rjv ch©vq †_‡K Z_¨ AvniY K‡i I‡qewfwËK A¨vwcø‡Kk‡bi gva¨‡g mswkøó gš¿Yvj‡q †mB Z_¨ †cÖiY Ki m¤¢e| G‡ÿ‡Î me gš¿Yvjq Awfbœ mdUIq¨vi cÖeZ©b Ki‡Z cv‡i hwÌ bxwZMZfv‡e GwU mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji cÖwZwU Dcv`v‡bi (†hgb: wewfbœ wbev©Pb c×wZ, cÖ‡Yv`bvi eënvi I cwi‡e‡ki- cwiw¯’wZ BZ¨vw`) welq gv_vq †i‡L wbw`©ó Pvwn`vi wfwË‡Z mg‡q mg‡q Awf‡hvwRZ n‡e| Gfv‡e GwU ¯^Zš¿ Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni Kg©m¤úv`b I AMÖMwZ cwiexÿ‡Y mswkøó gš¿Yvjq¸‡jvi mvg_¨© e„w× Ki‡e| GQvov µm-KvwUs welqmg~n †hgb, jÿ¨ wba©viY, wbeÜb, A_© n¯ÍvšÍi, gvgjvmg~‡ni eë¯’vcbv, Awf‡hvM BZ¨vw` AšÍfy©³ Kivi gva¨‡g GKwU Z_¨-eë¯’vcbv c×wZ wewfbœ Kg©m~wPmmg~‡ni cÖfve g~j¨vqb I cwiexÿ‡Y mnvqZv Ki‡e| mswkøó jvBb gš¿Yvj‡qi GgAvBGm Z_¨fvÐvi gwš¿cwil` wefv‡Mi †K›`ªxq eë¯’vcbv KwgwUi (wmGgwm) gva¨‡g †K›`ªxq Z_¨fvÐv‡i hy³ n‡e hv eë¯’vcbv KwgwU‡K cÖwZwU Kg©m~wPi Kvh©m¤úv`b Z`viwK Kivi cvkvcvwk A‡_©i h_v_© eënvi wbwðZKi‡Y mnvqZv Ki‡e| cwimsL¨vb I Z_¨ eë¯’vcbv wefvM KZ…©K cÖ¯ÍyZK…Z Lvbv Z_¨fvÐv‡ii mv‡_ GB Z_¨fvÐvi‡K mshy³ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| GwU‡K RvZxq cwiPqcÎ Z_¨fvÐv‡ii mv‡_I mshy³ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| `xN©‡gqv‡` GgAvBG‡mi mv‡_ Ab¨vb¨ RvZxq Z_¨fvÐvi †hgb, AvqKi c×wZi ms‡hvM ¯’vcb Kiv m¤¢e n‡e| GKB RvZxq kbv³KiY c×wZ eënvi K‡i wewfbœ Z_¨fvÐvi GKÎxZ K‡i mgwš^Z Z_¨fvÐvi cÖwZôvi D‡`¨vM B‡Zvg‡a¨ B‡›`v‡bwkqvq MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z‡e B‡›`v‡bwkqvi g‡Zv mgwš^Z Z_¨fvÐvi cÖwZôvi wec` n‡jv GB †h myweav‡fvMx‡ì hviv †h †Kv‡bv Kvi‡YB †nvK bv †Kb Ggb GKwU GKK †K›`ªxq Z_¨fvÐv‡i AšÍf©z³ n‡e bv Zviv ¯^qswµqfv‡e me ai‡bi mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wP †_‡K ev` c‡o ‡h‡Z cv‡i|

mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©mm~wPmg~‡ni `xN©‡gqvw` cÖfve cwigv‡ci Rb¨ cÖwgZ Lvbv Rwic Z‡_Ï †hgb Lvbv Avq-e¨q Rwi‡ci gva¨‡g wbqwgZfv‡e Z_¨ msMÖn Kiv ‡h‡Z cv‡i| eªvwRj I `wÿY Avwd«Kvq Lvbv Rwi‡ci gva¨‡g cÖvß Z_¨ we‡køl‡Yi `vwqZ¡ ¯^vaxb w_sK U¨vsK‡K †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| hv‡nvK, GKwU cš’v n‡e Lvbv Avq-e¨q Rwic hy³ K‡i evwl©K c¨v‡bj mv‡f© cwiPvjbvi eë¯’v Kiv| D‡jøL¨, evsjv‡`‡k cÖwZ 5 eQi AšÍi AšÍi Lvbv Avq-e¨q Rwic cwiPvwjZ n‡q _v‡K| cieZ©x Lvbv Avq-e¨q Rwic 2015 mv‡j cwiPvwjZ nIqvi K_v| Gici ‡_‡K GwU 3 eQi AšÍi AšÍi cwiPvwjZ n‡e| GwU 12,000 Gi Ic‡i Lvbv bgybvq AšÍ©fz³ K‡i Ges Gi djvdj c‡i wefvMxq chv©‡q cixÿv Kiv nq| GgZve¯’vq, AšÍe©Z©xKvjxb eQi¸‡jv‡Z c¨v‡bj Rwic cwiPvjbv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i Ges G‡ÿ‡Î GKwU †QvU AvKv‡ii bgybv †hgb, GwU‡Z 4,000 g‡Zv Lvvbv evwl©K wfwË‡Z AšÍf©y³ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| D‡jøL¨, Gme Lvbv 2015 I 2018 mv‡j cwiPvwjZ e¨vcKZi Lvbv Avq-e¨q Rwi‡ci mgq Avevi bgybvi Ask wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡e|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

AvšÍR©vwZK AwfÁZv †_‡K Av‡iKwU wkÿYxq welq n‡jv GKwU Kvh©Ki Awf‡hvM MÖnY I wb®úwË eë¯’vi bKkv cÖYqb Ges †mwU ev¯Íevqb I cwiPvjbv Kiv| GwU Ggb GKwU eë¯’v n‡e hv Kg©m~wPi DcKvi‡fvMx Ges Kg©m~wPi DcKvi‡fvMx bq Ggb mevB‡K RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji Kvh©Kªg m¤ú‡K© Awf‡hvM `v‡qi Kivi my‡hvM K‡i w`‡Z cv‡i Ges Gi cvkvcvwk †h †Kv‡bv mgm¨vi †ÿ‡Î m‡šÍvlRbK mgvavb †c‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| G‡ÿ‡Î AvšÍR©vwZK ch©v‡q A‡bK D`vniY i‡q‡Q hv Awf‡hvM MÖnY I wb®úwËi wewfbœ cš’vi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv‡K †Rvi`vi K‡i| †hgb †Kwbqvq `¨v nv½vi †mdwU †bU †cÖvMÖvg (GBPGmGbwc) ¯’vbxq ÒivBUm KwgwUmÓ cwiPvjbv K‡i, hv bM` A_© mnvqZv cÖ`v‡b wmwU‡Rbm mvwf©m PvU©vi G D‡jøwLZ wbqg/Av`k© AbymiY Kiv nq wKbv Zv cwiexÿY K‡i| iæqvÛvi Vision 2020 Umurenge Programme (VUP) GKwU Awf‡hvM I we‡iva wb®úwË c×wZ cÖwZôv K‡i‡Q| GwU †Kwbqvi GBPGmGbwc-Gi b¨vq myweav‡fvMx‡ì AwaKvi wbw`©ó K‡i| †gvRvw¤^K eZ©gv‡b †`kwUi mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevq‡bi c×wZ kw³kvjx Ki‡Q hvi AšÍf©y³ n‡jv KwgDwbwU KZ©„K gvgjv eë¯’vcbv I Awf‡hvM MÖnY I wb®úwË eë¯’v cÖwZôv Kiv| fvi‡Z Kg©ms¯’vb wbðqZv cwiKí (MGNREGA) mvgvwRK AwWU eë¯’vi Dci wfwËkxj, hv Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevqb cÖwµqv‡K myMg Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q, RbMY‡K Zv‡ì AwaKvi m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb Ki‡Q, Kg©m~wPi †mevcÖ`v‡b Revew`wnZvi DbwœZ K‡i‡Q, Ges ivóª I `wi`ª RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM †Rvi`vi K‡i‡Q| Gw`‡K evsjv‡`k wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i cixÿv-wbixÿvi gva¨‡g mgvav‡bi c_ †ei K‡i‡Q| †hgb eª¨v‡Ki wmGdwcAviwUBDwc Gi Aax‡b cwiPvwjZ MÖvg `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb KwgwU Ges wmGjwc-Gi Aax‡b cwiPvwjZ nUjvBb Awf‡hvM c×wZ `yb©xwZg~jK Kg©KvÐ n«v‡m Kvh©Ki n‡q‡Q|

89 wRBwW

G K_v ejv hvq †h `vwi`ª¨, wec`vcbœZv I mvgvwRK wbivcËv we‡køl‡Y D”P gvbm¤úbœ Z‡_ï GKwU mg„× Drm n‡Z cv‡i wewfbœ mg‡q cwiPvwjZ c¨v‡bj mv‡f©| LvbvMywji g‡a¨Kvi Avq I `vwi‡`ªï enygvwÎKZv fvjfv‡e eyS‡Z GwU miKvi QvovI Ab¨vb¨ M‡elK‡ì‡K mÿg Ki‡e| eZ©gv‡b cwiPvwjZ RwicMywj enygvwÎK bv nIqv‡Z Zv `vwi‡`ªï cwiw¯’wZ‡K mwVKfv‡e Zz‡j ai‡Z cv‡i bv| A_P mvgvwRK wbivcËv bxwZi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ `vwi‡`ªï enygvwÎKZv Abyaveb KivUv LyeB MyiyZ¡c~Y©| GQvov c¨v‡bj mv‡f© mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi m¤úªmviY I ms¯‹vi mva‡bi †ÿ‡Î KZUzKz AMÖMwZ mvwaZ n‡q‡Q Zv cwiexÿ‡Y miKvi‡K mÿg Ki‡e KviY G ai‡Yi Rwi‡ci gva¨‡g hviv mvgvwRK wbivcËv myweav cv‡”Q Zv‡ì‡K †hgb wPwýZ Kiv hv‡e †Zgwb Zviv KZUzKz myweav cv‡”Q ZvI wba©viY Kiv m¤¢e n‡e| GK_v Ab¯^xKvh© †h GKwU c¨v‡bj mgxÿv miKvi‡K mvgvwRK wbivcËv myweavi AvIZv I jÿ¨ wba©viY cwiexÿY Ki‡Z mÿg Ki‡e Ges Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni cÖfve m¤ú‡K© miKvi‡K ¯úó aviYv aviYv w`‡Z cvi‡e| myZivs c¨v‡bj mgxÿv RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj ev¯Íevq‡bi mdjZv g~j¨vq‡bi †ÿ‡Î Kvh©Kix GKwU Dcvq wn‡m‡e eëüZ nIqv DwPZ| mvgvwRK wbivcËv Kg©mm~wPmg~‡ni cÖfve m~P‡Ki wel‡q AvšÍRvwZ©K AwfÁZvi Av‡jv‡K wZb ai‡bi Kg©m~wPi (kZ©nxb bM` mnvqZv, kZ©hy³ bM` mnvqZv Ges Kg©ms¯’vb wbðqZv cwiKí) Dci cwiPvwjZ GKwU mv¤úªwZK mgxÿv †_‡K †`Lv †M‡Q, wewfbœ g~j¨vq‡b mvaviYZ `kwU cÖfve m~PK (`vwi`ª¨, ¯^v¯’¨, wkÿv, Kg©ms¯’vb, e¨q, m¤ú`, Avq, AmgZv, Lv`¨ wbivcËv, Lv`¨ e¨q) me©vwaK eëüZ n‡q‡Q|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

Gme Z_¨ QvovI wewfbœ cwigvYevPK Rwi‡ci gva¨‡g Ab¨vb¨ Z_¨ msMÖn Kiv ‡h‡Z cv‡i| Av‡iv D‡jøL¨ †h cwigvYevPK aviYv/Áv‡bi cvkvcvwk MyYevPK Kjv‡KŠkjmn wgkÖ GKwU c×wZ e¨envi Kivi e¨vcv‡i wewfbœ AvšÍR©vwZK mgxÿvq civgk© †`qv n‡q‡Q| Gi KviY bvbvwea:

90 wRBwW

•

cwigvYMZ we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g wKQz MyiyZ¡c~Y© m~PK ev wb‡`©kK‡K (†hgb bvixi ÿgZvqb, AvšÍtLvbv MwZkxjZv, myweav‡fvvMx‡`i AvZ¥ghv©`v A_ev mvgvwRK m¤úK© BZ¨vw`) m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c wPÎvwqZ ev aviY Kiv hvq bv|

•

¯^Zš¿ Lvbvmg~‡ni DËiY AZ¨waK RwUj I Zv wewfbœ ai‡bi n‡Z cv‡i| bgybv Rwi‡ci gva¨‡g Gme RwUjZv‡K m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c Abyaveb Kiv hvq bv|

G Kvi‡Y GwU ¯^xK…Z †h wgkÖ c×wZ (Z_vKw_Z wKD ¯‹qvW©) eënv‡ii gva¨‡g m‡e©vËg djvdj cvIqv †h‡Z cv‡i| G c×wZ‡K wewfbœ cš’vi gva¨‡g cwiPvwjZ Kiv hvq †hgb: (1) Z_¨-DcvË msMÖ‡n MyYMZ I cwigvYMZ c×wZ‡K mgwš^Z Kiv Kiv; (2) GKwU c×wZi gva¨‡g cÖvß Z_¨ Øviv DcvË we‡køl‡Yi mgq Ab¨ c×wZi gva¨‡g cÖvß Z_Ï hvPvB Kiv ev Uªvqv½y‡jwUs Kiv; Ges (3) cwigvYMZ I MyYMZ GB Dfq c×wZi gva¨‡g cÖvß djvdj‡K GKwU ms‡køwlZ bxwZ mycvwi‡k GKxf~Z Kiv| h_vh_ MyYevPK †KŠk‡ji AšÍf©y³ n‡jv we‡klvwqZ mvÿvrKvi (Lvbv †KBm ÷vwW, wK-Bbdi‡g›U B›UviwfD); †dvKvm MÖæc Av‡jvPbv (Kg©m~wPi myweav‡fvMx I Kg©m~wPi myweav‡fvMx bq GB `yÕ`‡ji Dcw¯’wZ‡Z cwiPvwjZ); AskMÖnYg~jK c×wZ (KwgDwbwU‡Z m¤ú‡ì i¨vswKs, KviYMZ m¤ú‡ì wPÎvqY, mgqvbyeZx©Zv); MyYevPK Zzjbvg~jK we‡kølY; I mvgvwRK ejq we‡kølY|

7.5 ev¯Íevqb eë¯’v RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb msµvšÍ Z_¨fvÛvi wb‡gœv³ wZbwU ¯Í‡ii †ÿ‡Î eëüZ n‡e: 1. ¯^Zš¿ Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni cwiexÿY 2. mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj cÖwµqvi cwiexÿY 3. mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯’vi cÖfve-g~j¨vqb

7.5.1 cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb (GgGÛB) Gi Rb¨ cÖvwZôvwbK `vwqZ¡ wefvRb ¯^Zš¿ Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni Z_¨ eë¯’vcbv c×wZ I cwiexÿY eë¯’vi `vwqZ¡ mswkøó gš¿Yvj‡qi Dci b¨¯Í _vK‡e| cwiexÿY KvVv‡gv wbf©i Ki‡e Kg©m~wPi ai‡bi Dci Ges GwU Kg©m~wPi mv‡_ cÖvmw½K GKMy”Q wb‡`©kK ev m~PK eënvi Ki‡e hv B‡Zvg‡a¨ Aby‡”Q` 7.3 G eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| BDwbqb, Dc‡Rjv I †Rjv ch©v‡qi ¯’vbxq miKvi cÖwZôvb I ¯’vbxq cÖkvmb wbe©vwPZ myweav‡fvMx‡ì wel‡q mswkøó jvBb gš¿Yvjq‡K Z_¨ cÖ`vb K‡i GgAvBGm cÖwµqv‡K mnvqZv Ki‡e| cÖwZwU jvBb gš¿Yvj‡qi GgAvBGm Z_¨fvÐvi‡K gwš¿cwil` wefv‡Mi †K›`ªxq cwiexÿY KwgwUi gva¨‡g †K›`ªxq Z_¨fvÐv‡ii mv‡_ hy³ Kiv n‡e| †K›`ªxq cwiPvjbv KwgwU RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji ev¯Íevqb AMÖMwZ cwiexÿY Ges Gi AvIZvfz³ mKj Kg©m~wPi mykvmb I mgš^q wbwðZ Ki‡Z G Z_¨fvÐvi eënvi Ki‡e| cwiPvjbv KwgwUi GgAvBGm Z_¨fvÐv‡i A_©gš¿Yvj‡qi cÖ‡ekvwaKvi _vK‡e Ges RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji AvIZvfz³ mKj Kg©m~wPi Avw_©K Kg©m¤úv`b m¤úwK©Z GKwU c„_K Z_¨fvÐviI iÿYv‡eÿY Ki‡e A_© gš¿Yvjq| ev¯Íevqb cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb wefvM (AvBGgAvBwW) ¯^vaxbfv‡e Kg©m~wPi Kg©m¤úv`b cwiexÿ‡Yi (†fŠZ I Avw_©K) Rb¨ `vwqZ¡cÖvß n‡e Ges gwš¿cwil` wefv‡Mi †K›`ªxq cwiPvjbv KwgwUi Kv‡Q Zviv AMÖMwZ-cÖwZ‡e`b `vwLj Ki‡e| ev¯Íevqb cÖwµqvi †ÿ‡Î g~j¨vqb n‡”Q Av‡iKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© w`K| g~j¨vqb‡K ev¯ÍevqbKvix jvBb gš¿Yvjqmg~‡ni cÖfve †_‡K gy³ ivLvB DËg| lô cÂevwl©K cwiKíbvq cwiKíbv Kwgkb‡K djvdjwfwËK cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb cÖwZôvi `vwqZ¡ †`qv n‡q‡Q| G cwiKíbv `wj‡j ejv n‡q‡Q, Òkw³kvjx djvdjwfwËK cwiexÿY I g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ ìKvi n‡e jvBb gš¿Yvjq, M‡elYv cÖwZôvb I mykxj mgv‡Ri mv‡_ wbweo †hvMv‡hvM| mvaviY A_©bxwZ wefv‡Mi Dci G `vwqZ¡ Ac©Y Kiv n‡eÓ| AviI mywbw`©ófv‡e ej‡j, cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb Kvh©vewj‡K wZbwU As‡k wef³ Kiv n‡e: • ev¯ÍevqbKvix gš¿Yvjq/wefvM¸‡jv Zv‡ì ¯^-¯^ Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni AMÖMwZ cwiexÿY Ki‡e| • ev¯Íevqb cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb wefvM (AvBGgAvBwW)-Gi `vwqZ¡ n‡e cÖKí/Kg©m~wPmg~‡ni ev¯Íevqb cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb Kiv| • mvaviY A_©bxwZ wefvM-Gi `vwqZ¡ n‡e mywbw`©ó wb‡`©kKmg~n wbe©vPb K‡i g¨vwUª• eënvi K‡i GKwU djvdjwfwËK KvVv‡gv ev †d«gIqvK© ˆZwi Kiv, GKwU mgwš^Z c×wZ‡Z mvgwMÖKfv‡e GbGmGmGm-‡K g~j¨vqb Kiv Ges gwš¿cwil‡ì Rb¨ GbGmGmGm-Gi djvdj wel‡q evwl©K cÖwZ‡e`b ˆZwi Kiv| D‡jøL¨, ev¯Íevqb cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb †d«gIqv‡K©i mvwe©K mgš^qmvab Ges g~j¨vqb welqK djvdj †cÖi‡Yi mvgwMÖK `vwqZ¡I mvaviY A_©bxwZ wefvM-Gi Dci b¨¯Í _vK‡e|

lô cÂevwl©K cwiKíbvq ejv n‡q‡Q, ÒbxwZ cÖYqb I cÖfve g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ wbf©i‡hvM¨ Z‡_ï cÖvc¨Zv Ges mgqvbyewZ©Zv ¸iæZ¡c~Y©, hv e¯‘Zc‡ÿ cwimsL¨vwbK eë¯’vi `ÿZv e„w×i K_v e‡jÓ| 7.3 Aby‡”Q‡` cÖ`Ë mycvwikmg~‡ni mv‡_ cwimsL¨vwbK eë¯’vi `ÿZv e„w× m¤ú~Y©fv‡e mvgÄm¨c~Y© n‡e Ges ZvB RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb cwimsL¨vb I Z_¨ eë¯’cbv wefvM cwiPvwjZ wbqwgZ Lvbv Rwicmg~‡ni (†hgb, Lvbv Avq-e¨q Rwic) Dci eûjvs‡k wbf©i Ki‡e Ges wewfbœ mg‡q cwiPvwjZ c¨v‡bj mv‡f© I ¸YMZ cš’v Øviv mg„× n‡e| e¯‘Z, lô cÂevwl©K cwiKíbvq cÖ¯Íve Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, gvbm¤§Z Z_¨-DcvË msMÖ‡ni wbwgË Lvbv Rwic, we‡kl Rwic, kygvwi BZ¨vw` cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z evsjv‡`k cwimsL¨vb ey¨‡ivi mÿgZv evov‡bv n‡e| Lvbv Avq-e¨q Rwic, kÖgkw³ Rwic, wkí cÖwZôvbmg~‡ni Rwic, K…wl kygvwi BZ¨vwì cÖKvkbv cwiKíbv Kwgk‡bi cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb P‡µi mv‡_ mgš^q Ki‡Z n‡eÓ| lô cÂevwl©K cwiKíbv Ges RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠk‡ji mwVK I h_vh_ djvdjwfwËK cwiexÿY I g~j¨vqb m¤úbœ Ki‡Z mnvqK Z_¨fvÐvi ˆZwii wbwgË cwimsL¨vb I Z_¨ eë¯’cbv wefvM/evsjv‡`k cwimsL¨vb ey¨‡ivi mvg_©¨ †Rvi`vi Kivi e¨cv‡i G †KŠkj cÖ¯Íve K‡i|

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

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91 wRBwW

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RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

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Framework Paper for Developing National Social Protection Strategy for Bangladesh

Poverty, Vulnerability and Inequality in Bangladesh

Building a Social Security System to Address Urban Poverty in Bangladesh

Social Security Strategies to Address Social and Gender-based Exclusion, including Disability, High-risk Groups and Minority groups

Social Security Financing and Aﬀordability

Social Security Strategies to Address Idiosyncratic and Covariate Risks and Shocks, including Seasonal Poverty, Economic Recession and Natural Disasters

Taking Stock and Moving Forward: Enhancing Labour Strategies for Bangladesh’s Vulnerable Groups

State of Governance within Social Security Sector in Bangladesh

Building a Social Security System to Address the Demographic Challenges Faced by Bangladesh

10.

International Best Practice in Social Security: Implications for Bangladesh

11.

A Review of Bangladesh Social Security System

RvZxq mvgvwRK wbivcËv †KŠkj: evsjv‡`k

cUf‚wg cÎmg~‡ni ZvwjKv

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