NYC1

next lrear

GOUntfy

Soc

JUSTANOTHERELEVATOR

that is lamliar to man) of saskatchewan is a description YEAR COUNTRY NEXT jes.

It $r. in thethirdes,legend lo rhirti€:.rnd thosewholiled rhrouuhrhe esD€ciall),ro irsrefntenrs. of -r'.. ed ii.,t"t uia o'o' -.", *". a.l-o ho$ ,'ar) r"ul -\Pir'5.'\Jr'hP$an iJrncF hJd e\per'Fn' \e lilplt "" $Par rer Iut rnore InP i'"'. r,"."p1."a ioro rn,l r err -'"ar. F"rh1'-h"-"a' d.'.r 'inr onr. how r'ther irith Lrrr drouBht ,lo rrn\t hail Jn'l no$i;! t. \1ith had il';nii',g or ilofd tinresth;t "". hard"rio it bad beenior an honestworkingurar to niakc a goodliving whenover the learr so manv othershad neverhad to wait lor took his iut and rhc bis cofporations r'"",l ;. r,'.0,"i",. rl. loeall,usinessmen " cl-e l1Lor. rhe lruiror ,iDh"n !ff -onleonF -

to such €xploitation.The poljticsis fich with accountsof resistanc€ The histort oi Saskalchewan jrlst ihat testii) to the vali^nl Trek are two e'anples To Ottawa mnrers stfike i1 ljienfait and thebn efforts of the labof novementon behatf of the worLirg nun. Fafmefshavetried cver) inaginableav€nut easlernpoliticianf. of rctormin theiratrenrptsto rlrer the co fse chartedlor rhen b] treeeniefpriseand battled the t'rmers Association, Crain Growers ol the Territorial iormation a-" 1901 rvilh ihe ,r.s eady raihra\'s and the bis srain intereslsind elcniual\' establishedthe Nheat Pool ProducerCo operatives rverefollowcclLy QinsurncrCo-op.and Crcdit Unions Jn ec.nnrfi. s\.rem Jnd InJkeit work ior ihe w€reenollghto ch3llen,rc But noneol theserefonn-c Fru(ration with suchreiormslerithe IarrIer. to the bcliel thJt orrl) t|rough clirectpolitical DcoDle. lctiin coukl eilectne changesbe broltahtaboLrtlirsl farmersJormedihe ProgressivePart]' and later, in alliance with urban refornrers.the Co'operativeComnnrnwealth!ederaiion, lhe CCF and rhe politicalaccomplishtor thoservhohopedto build a socialisr!ocie!) the economicrefurm-. nrentsoitheCCI (anil laterthe \DP) havFl,e€na great disilp"i.tment Tne (1 ! \DP pr{n'editself It's Dr]jorcflortsin t$ent]-onelears of governouiter.n,JLl€of aclaDtin!to irs caprtalistenvironmcnt. and to building the civii seNiceirureaucracv a conrpetenr iurrnl the triation of ,ir.nt uereclrrecte,l w€tiarestate.the linal achievementbeinglledicare in 1962. calrse of Saskatchewan'sprobl€ms the \\'hen the CCI had chancesto chatlengethe fuDdaDrenial wealth. it Iajicd miserabl) The provinces two sources of controt oi rhe ownershiD aD(l Drivate 'nost oit andpotash,weresimpl) and Nithout restriclionhandedover to interialuablenaturaliesourccs. s s'ealthinlo the hands Saskalche$an nationatproliieefs.In its failure10lake the initiatiie in channeling of its ox; pe(4nethe (l'F \DI'faile(l 1()distinquishitself in an] fundamentalwav lron] liberllisn Un(lertbetcl \nP capilalisnrhas a -qofterimage but the economicstrllcluresgoverningour lives and unaltered. Corporatebusinessremains in power' renain unchalleDsed llo\r in rhe l97Os r'€ seen lo bc enterinsa final stage,where. the squeezeon farmers.$hich has alAt the sametime rhe lew industries froDrthe land. is beingintensified. r€aclydrncn so nraD! thousands that-Saskalcheranrlireshave are lealing lle proYince as planl shurdownsbecomecomnonplace The native peopleol th€ provinceare laced rrith increasingpoverty and the prospectol ' liferinre on the welfareroles.ror nairy Saskatchewancitizensthai next good )ear tooks fariher awav than ever before thereis. as in the thirties,roomfor optimism lt is this optimisn thar our nlJg3iineF \onetheless bas€clon. The collecli\,esigh of felicf after the NDP was ss'ept irlo power in June ol last ,vear has changedto a grunrblingdiscontent.P€ople$ho place.ltheir lairh jn the NDP are begnrningto reaiiie that their eoveriment is content.as the premjef -qaid."to continueand expandpresentprograms.'

Tn oiher wordsto adminisierthe ]ast rites.

The movenent that Nas the CCF lras laded and becauseof this somewill resign ihenselvei to the 1]trtothersar€ fightingback and manv othersare ilrevitibili|\of sugnrtionanJ,lelJopu]ation. scenring their familiesand their.ommuniti€s\tr:ebelievethat onlv $illinjr to build rlr;rn.rtivesfor rhenlsellcs. people be able to take conirol ol their throu;h the buildins ol a socialistnovemenrwill Saskatchervan $e believe that such a movem€nt can be and is. be done of !r)rk needs to a deal irlture. I'hile sreat being built. .\s pa.t ol the effort to pull togeth€rthe p€opl€{'ho arc ivorking lor iundamentalchangewe haYeestablishedNext Year CountryThe magazinewill be firsl and loremostan alternativeto the conmercialpress;n Saskatchewrnthrt Ior so long has opposed€v€ry advanceof $orkers and farmeF in the lrovince li will tell the stories that the daily pressdistorts or leav€sout in order not to embarass its corporate an(] governmont people iriends.Tt will try 1o cover lhe decisionsof governrnentand businessas th€v aliect Sashalchewan we $ill feview books & is left o t ol the textbools ard province lbat \le will fealure tbe histor) of tbe citiz€ns.Furth€r. lve hopeto be a voicefor thoseqrouDsand o.saniza_ moviesof interestto Saskatchervan tionr of larmers,workers.studentsand nativ€ people ihat are working for a just and equiiablesociellr' ) (.

THE EDITORS

next year countrlr Vol, I

No. I

Octobe.1972

IN T H IS IS SUE Editoriol

2 4

Form Notes

Cleln Role.-Jee

Pdge 4

9

SoskOil?

ll

$oskotchevonHistory

17

Quoker Oots Shutdovn

20

GovernmentNotes

24

Book Reviews

25 Printed by <@",

So*Oil-See

Poge I I

N.!r Y..r C.!.t,y i! tublirh.d by .n .dito.idl ..-.rer.riv., O!. n.illna .dd.es it P.O, lor 3446r

Union Lobour

next year country P.O. BOX 3446, REGINA

lldt Y€o. Colnr'r vilt b. lin.n.ed ,! ly irom .lb3criDtion r.v.nue., .nd D.rtly fr.E rh. po.lct of rt.ff .nd 3utr.lr.i!. Any rin.ncill t!DDort y.u ..r ott.r *ill b. norr sr.r.fully .€..iv.d.

N.rr Ye.r C.cntry i. .cthorit.d .. ttnd .1.$ n.il, P6t Offic.

D.pt,, O ow., rnd fo. p.yn.nr

iL.,8iH:

. ...h. R.si3ir.?ion

Nome

E I enclose$3.00 for six issuesof your mogozine. f] | wouldbe willingto ossistyou in E reporters E finonce L I otsrnDoUon. Mony of you v/ill hove received this firsr issue on o €omplimentory bosis.We hope you will subscribeond heip us in our I efforts to build our reodersh;D. \___ NEXTYEARCOUNTRY

Editoriol Boord: Ron Ruth, Ailsc Rcnds, J. W. Wornock, Corol Gudnundron, Pot Gdll.gher Contributo?r: John R.i.hods, Don Kerr, Rob Dumont, l,.orneBroyn, Sarry Singer, Fr€d McPheron, Cothy Spofford, Moijo Crdn€, Betty Wdrno.k, John Conway Pfioto Cledit.: John Gollogher, Borry Singer, Sar. kotcherron Archive: Eusines Moncger: Sheilc Ku:iok

CIr VEAM AMCIilffiEM mil HBPBCIUEMffiffiE T he n e r N D P c o v " rn m e n Lh a ' n o { b' en i n of{ i ' e t or a lillle mo r. rh a ; o n c y e a r a n d -a l ' li mc $h' n oul l -' l e' o. " pr " a. . p * ,td l n e e d' i ro n g a " d p ro pre" i " e demonstratea alreadl hae hadero It'i'j. .ou.i^--i r heir r ir L" rb a n k ru p t.l . B a s ns l l v e h s t rhe Fov' rnm' nt f ' " i aon. ;. r* r" ' . ti e s tn tu ^q u o s ' i r P \i stP dpri or t o 1964, b ! s b o l i ' h ;n s s o re o f rh ' rP sre$i \F l dxP " r . o* .ri ," l F q i J a i i o n a ' re d b 1 That' h" r rnd "r es " a t or ing s o m " o i th . h e a' nl rh d n i t" l l dk m" asurs t''. l"a destroled. Thel ha\" al'o halte'l "hat "r'i"t' r ould ha re b e e n o n e o f l b ' s o ' ' t rrp_ol l ' rn our rh ' i n fa mo u ' A rhabs" a pul l ' r ' i" 1" , ' L' l -.' ;* ,i " g m ill ieat. a n u n b .r o f o th e r re l o rm m ?asurc' hd\e

and ranl snd fi l e ol rhe \ari onal Fa-rmer cUnion

e,.sinsminorir)ol.rra'l'union" ""a ".".s orenol Foingto {t ba'k andPxpecr i:r".Th.scnFople

iliUr

rt. ,orerni..ni to deli(.r lhe sood' sithoutsrrong pr."."- a' rhey did during rh' lolo' and ",lfi" ia50;. \or sr lhn soingto "p.ndmu.h of lh.ir rim.

apol osi zi nafor l he i nP ftrl i \cnF ' ol l hc P o \ Fr nm enl' thousb to; l he presentmo' L w i l l ' onti nu' r o 'uppor l the N D P for l a& of sny other ahernati ve Another factor not presenl during the old CCF resime is that the \l al{le constitutesa sell'orsanized lefi within the party which rvill not be co oPled into rhe oartr and eor(rnm.nl appa' al ucd5 \Frc llr unot ' qani zed' and nai \tl efri sl ' of rh' Par ' Vo'r and variet'; r"rr mird or a are mo"r ili il;; ;;J " o' mal mro aF h*om ncasures window dressing Amons ;ol i l ;.sl l ) ' on* i ou. P " oP l e;n th' P roti nF on Land thsr t}e a" i r. ' i S ni fi ' ant l'olir i'al are rea.i nsl r i ne i n, dressing l. r"..a rirdow *r'i"jr' pol i l i csl sen'c r ht ' natroh o{ the rhe ar. i n "". rh.re Department ;" Jre. new the od il""-t- i.*-t""t"' ot rhi.h is on\khrrPn'ar aderuare ,l earl \ d.l i neui _habl "l oi nF of Ii cs: l hP ' or 'sc$31'r e x".ii.l.i,t.. ,l t; * -i i ." " ' ' c' nrral l ) rcP te' enl rdb ) . r h" Lib' to meet lhe needso{ the peoPleaffe(ted "eral , retormist viewPoint of the gov' liberal Partv, the o,l !o' dr Fdl') lh" The pre,entgovernm'nts most Slaring'hotl' om' ernmpnl dnJ l h" " o.i dl Fr ' ol ul i ons are l i kd) r o ind'hndin3 for planno h"'e to lt uppia* l al l 4 i"' i''ii"'i W sffh. Tho+ $ho oP l {or l h. iiiES""t,t**!L p'olle a:ain't thPout"jdP.inrP'e-r'cra+ i n numbqs i t ri e eo\P rnmP nrdoP sno t hPPrt hF *"'" rhe crploirsrion hho arc (onrinuinB of ,l " nass organi zal i onsand l b e n'cds ol '!'"1 g o v P r-n _ a.-," a" the la sL cent ur \ ' Thi' is m o' t P\ idFnt i n t h r lhe DoDularionas s sholp Thc L;berals ol rouree' ro' sa\in8-rl'.ss'i'ulru'aloi hi n' o pmi ri ' . al t.rneri vPand are unl ;k'l\ r o do so

ol --if'r""i'"i'p-g'".' .""r",ii",il i"'"1"p;'3rFou'|'FrorrhPl'FnPrir ihe r r op l e T h e mu l ti n a l i o n a l a tti b u 'rnA ' .' orporo'

the mon m ililanr and Lhemnss orqani zdl i on< riara;diorir).or.'\i'rine h6(r Of iii"Ji"1. "r.;"arderid"d NFt Th' Farrnere' i' th. radi.al in Lhe Dro!inrP or thinF'and'

theirs'heme **;n**,o il'.".. are Union, once laken ior granted by the CCF'NDP' hm *iLf' rf'""i"."nr;.u'* of lhe hderAlFowrnm'nl in recert lears developed an inoeasinglv skeptical i. run th"m of{ rhe land rhc provin'iar attitud€ to$ard the paitv and tosard governments il",;i;J halting i"",".""t i"" p-a*.d norhingcapableof Tha and the state in *eneial. They ar€ determitrednot to up signiri'antlv it ii." he "sucked in" as were the UFC and its sucessor' ".p.og,"-"l*;* '"r'"r. p'omi"d.ro pur emphisison -,i";." ;;;"-;;;ii;" rh" lr)71 the Saskatche{an Farners Union, during the lorner

i'uil 1.".r"il-i"t

industri*and ";ourc' ro enbark rhc dire.rpd sovPrnmenr

C C F rai mp. Tbe N FU i s l i k" l ) to keepp,"uF

on r he

fi;;;;;irb! lib. r al C'bin.t sor.rn;enr cnd vi l l not bF bought otf r"lr-"'o"Uri"t, o"n"d pelrohumindu'Lr\' f€w of ihe s)ptoms proerans lreat a which ieforrnist it iii"i.r"*'h"* l;-. ai""io"'d partr poli"r andl+ b,r nnL rhe di seo" e.S omc fdrn dni oni ' l s ha\ c given ral'ing.tbe of no inr'nrion t'"." it'"y il'i;;;", uD activitv within the \DP as a ryaste oI lime a'd anr lthe major indusrn uder pubrir ;,';;,;;; .ohl r on rorl ti rh rhe t ni on Tho'e r ho i n.enu.re I"""..r'r" il;t hsv' leji rhe pota'h carreler"ded b) "ar. acl i \e i n l he parl ) are more ofl en l han nol Wat f l' for a slishrin' ir'rt,r'"1'';,r""'ltvundisturbed "xcepL n mintral PoliciarrpR r;ngnorther ;" To say that the NFU is the most milhant and '", Blsk' "t'1.:.

Prcmier ",.".1 rhe ssme *'"1. bashallv i"""i"r.*r radicat nass movement in the province is noi to say Pl;ii"rerThor"onhd(cmad'ir -ploin that i r i s si l hout i l !.hort.ohi nF" Ii ke al l unioneit i' .."i d"v"l- .o.ai -* "iJi"a,u,) .o*"pi .t t'o' to en'ourssrindu"rrial ii^L rtr"l' to rF.pondro n" t dev.l o pm ent '.and fromrhatof rhe a bit "concerned to" a;ti-' {un,lom.nralll about mantaining too "*"iia*' -i Liberal opposition. within the orsanization. One recent exanPle of this o{ the sovernnent's pro' So hhat is rher to bc oprimisrirabout o"er Llle has been the NrU handlins type of land bank A socialist posed schene land brnk Ia'lor 0n' current Sast.lcl.{an poliri'al ""ne? but the govern' by th€ Waffle advocated ;is odsinalh is tlsl in lol4 nor thich did *" *a 'risr {hich sill land bank sysrem instead for a nent o;t€d "i""""ro"opl" $ho dc'ir funda'nFnral'onial '}ang' ihore ag€ncy real €statc than a be little rnore is governm€nt sovernment an NDP havefiw illusionsaboutwhat ol interesl generat€d was a tremendous amount There leaders the amons is evident This likelv to accomplish.

NEXT YEARCOUNTRY

ano.g farners about the land bank as irdicated by the lact that lhe so.calledh€arings (which were not geruinc hpir ing ar d l ' r h e l d u n d q B o tp rn m c n rdu-p' .c.

6ll, a. lpd ot pr 1 0 ,0 0 0r-o ri .. T h . \fl a D p F a rro hd\p r nn, , . l a ; o, d, n o t,p o i ru n l trto r.i -. rh . .o n -r i ou-n.ol id, m . , . b\ fri l i n g to ro rn . u r, n i rh a n d r,u bl i .i zea r " J i. al r ' r ulo. a J o f i h .i r o \" a l a n a l t.rn i ti ' . ro rh. r ot . r r m " nl t lin . T n -t,d d th p \ J d o !tp d r: r r:i r and s pr " s lt iludp s a . l a n ra m o L n lto s v o i d i ns thej r " h i .h responsibilities as the most adranced leaders of th€ farm .onmunitv. Sinct then the Union has been nore . oF niz anlof r l-p i " ' u p . L ) .,i ri , i /i n B tl , Eo!" rnmpnl l. E i. l, t ion d p rJ n J i n p AF h u i n ph " d ri n j -' on l he . uhjp. r I ! "rro, lr,,,. o ' ,. o f l h , n s ," r of th" " .x .,* .

I ninn h1- hF q' h s r. h h i r" i t h a " i o u ;_ hatj ,n n o d t :tsndi ng dF r pn- ir p L' a, t i r a :a i n -t th - p n ,ro d ,h mp n t" ot 3!ri Lu- inp- " J r . J r \, n -f.' r' n u . I,rn o f g o frr,,. arr.. rr hd. nul J { F lot " .j i \ i a l ,,FJ l tp " n .t,," t, d r l o r n r," " tthl , ur aJ , , , , nor \ i r,:...rr.h F x d n . T h F \F I rp ,u;ri l " lhis $eakDessdr,i it is Do$ busr remrdlin,t ir lil what amounts to a la.hers' task {orce on a8lcurure to come up Nilh an alte.nati'. to the proposals contained in the iederll jrorenmerts Task Force.

The \FU remains the organizarior most rdfaue ol genef at nr g .l e ma n d sl o r ra d i c a l s o c i a l chanse amoDg peopte in rural Saskatche$an.

The other massofgarizations Saskarchewarare currently no )no.e progfessire on most issuesrhan the NDP and sonetines even mo.e conservativear the top leadership level. The hadem or Lhe Saskir.lrerLan Teachers Ferleration rSTl r hare Do ,,oncept of rhc D6ed for basn, .hanAe in Lhe educarional srnem o r : o, ; " r , r - a rh ,,l " . T h r. i - n ,.t l o .a \ t\dt th" r" are not signilicant nurnl,ers oI so(ialist rea.hers. lut in re.ent iears th.\' t,are not beer a. imt)orr. ant fa.tor in the STF. Prrhaps rhar is nee.ded within lhe lederaLion is {of a lew fAdical,"ro take the init iar ne and o rg a n i z ea re { o rn .a u .u s $ h i ch coul d aeit at e\ it hir th e i r o { n o rg a n i z a ri o na n d a m ong the public lor basic cLange in the ed!.arjonai slsrn, and sociel\ in teneral.

T he S as k a tc h e q a F n e d e .a ti o no i L a L o u r (S FLr i-!- of courue. r {ormatio. $iL} much more porentiaL Ihan the STt and mal in d,e long run be of more impodance i. brjngjng about social .ha.ge in rhe prodnce tban rh. Nl.U. Risht nov the SFL is suiieri.g irom the ssne kind ol uninaginAtne. timid a.d bureau(.atic leadership as the CaC at rhe ranonar lerel. Political edu.ation to rhe SFL hierarchl senerall! n)eanssupporting lhe \DP ar elerrion rjme, apolog ; z ing f o. il Lp rrc F r e l -,ri o n s i n .l I.u r" u a d i rJ TU ,. lo. n, uninn. lo tl F I,a ,t,. T h p fn r ?,,,n ' o " rfi l i i l p we.t through a perio.l of militan;\ NLile Thar.hef vas i. ])oker an.l busy attempL;ngto desLror trade uDion .is ht s . lo\ L t ha t th c N l )P;s b a .k ;n o tfi c e t he S FL leaders sr:e their role as sainins nodest coxcesrons fuom the gorernment bv ;eans of quiet consuuat,on a r . l in r aur n lo , -L ,h ,o n -F ' i o n -. t* 6 J " .,i r.: uni " n ist to hoderate $.if denands and aroid dre ,lpt or tactics wbich might disfupt ihe econonrrand/of embar.ass the solerDment. About th. o.ly time drat SFL p.e6ident RGs Hale has publicly disagreed wiih Prem;er Blakeney ras rhen rhe Prenier direcrlr opposed ol{icial SFL.CLC policr and relealed his .tass biases br r:alling upo. the fcderal tovernmenr n) impose wage and price controls. Dren then Hale's

NEXT YEAR COUNTRY

publ i , r" .rons. sn. l i ul e more rhan a sti qhr and indi rect tap on rhe \ri -r. ThF sFL hi .rauhl . l i l ,e r heir C LC .ount.rtarl -. have 6 p6yl no;6 {.ai thar r r ade unj oni 5tsmi B hl more rapi dl y i n a radi .sl di re clion l nd rl ,rpal pnthp traJi ri onalsd' of doi nCrhi nC s.Th"y are perlornins the sane role as the tradJuniois undei rhc l orm,, C cf r.si m.: rhe) d.taeer{.,ri reagen. iFs o{ social control while att€mptins to sain mode;t con. cessions for orga.ized labor wirhin the capitalisr There arc. forrunrtel y.grosi ng numbersof t r ade uni oni rr- al rhc gras.oots and l o.rl hddersl ,i pl Aels $ho are becomi.g fed up with rh€ old way ol doing th;nss and are d;ernin;d to build a soci;hsr u.ron movehent wi.h the ultimate goal of chansus ure s)stem rather thaD merely work;ng wirhin ir. There hare beeD encoura8ing signs of grealer nilitancy by some t.ade unions in terns o{ boih ihmediate econohic ald broadef political denands. It is dil{icutt to pr.dict $hether lhjs {ill becohe the doninant tendency $ithin the SFL as a whole or, if ir does,how tong thd frocess {ilL take. It may be nore ditficult todislodS. SFL bureaucrats or mole then in a nore .adical direction tban in mosr provinciat labour federatio.s. Uanr ol them are sold our ex.llarxists and thus nrore dif{i.ult lo iishr than the tIDe of naive sociat democratswho have ne,er had nucli ;nderstandins o{ ciass shlggle. They understandrery we how qui;kly rddical r.ldencies can erow within trade u.io;s anil rhus molc ,ruickh rhemselvesto render radicals inelfectire by means ol character assassinatioDor to ' onl .l l hFrn b\ m,rn. of.l prp, n" noFul c,i " - r r

, h Ps t I J o ^

; : ; ; r , ; ' r' ' . ; p

;;;';;

i;, i ;

" " ' peofle it should be kepr in mind needs of Norking that ne* labor {ormario.s hale spfung up rn txe past and lrere is no reason to beiiere that rhey hight .ot .lo so in the futufe.

Il rhe people $ho presently run the NDP and the prolincial golernnent do not change rheir $ays it is not inconceivablerhat a ne$ poiiricil lo.matio; night take sfiapein Saskar.,heNan $;thin |he next few lca.s.

Such a delelopneni would be consisrenrwilh th; historr ot struggle in our province. It would be foolhardy to attenpt io predict norL wherher such a formation ,on" abol r .r. I i r dop-. xhpl hcr i L \ ili "ill rdr' ' hp to,' i of d I r$ t,ol i tnal !xrtr. fururc evFnt r hi l i ,l ,t,pnJ \,., mu.h ut' on F.oron i . der.topm"nr - .

ThFr ,,' -,, dep" nd rpon .ter" topm" ntsr;thin ' ,i ' l ." oup- l ,t. ,1,. \\i Ir- i n,]. mor- tmporranrtl .m "* oreanizationslike the SFL and r"FU. Thev wili depend a.sret del.upon hoa, fie \DP leaderehip,both-pro. linciail! nnd .ationalh, ..sponds to rhe cnalteng; of the immrdiate furure. Those leades of the Sask;rche(an \DP {}o still hdve somelons raDgecommirtmenr a.d some political insighi sould be we advised to !onnpr ' l , t1tc oi t\p P roA rp-.:rcpart\., th" S CCA rhF S ..l ar, ha\.' n r o.nt, tl ;\aro, C ompmy and a h o- r oi othe. organizatio.s *hich played a usetut rote in our listor_! rnd theD {enr into Derhanenr decljne and werc eclipsedl,r rew lo.mations Bhen rhey coutd no longer respond to the needsof ouf people.

This tdito/ial dtpeats dt the rcncl sion ol dn drti.le b. Lotnt) Blaltn; A Hhte dnd Rebets_ the story al tltc Saslntchel;)dt1Fanrcls Mol,enent, ;n the curr(nt ttue al Cunad.ian Dinension.

0]CltilR01[ Il|I $I[RY

ilrilRPil$t

HE RED \IA}'LT LEAF FLIES ATOP THE Industrial Park ILAG POLE in Saskatoon's FhDDinri,r-l Lelotvit.,ror'-ns un,omiorl at,ly ,loJ, j' r Irrge. ung3inlt S-R. bla.k emblazonedon yellow. It s thc trademarkof farm impl€ment Smith-RolesLtd., .1Saskaloon'based company owned by eDgiDee.and burinessnanClem Roles.

Roles grabbedheadlinesand public interest in that if late \Iarch ;l this yeaf with his announcement the NDP Drovincial governn€nt proceeded$ith its plannedsuicessionclLrtieslegislation,he $as going to iake his ilag. his conrpant,,and about 90 jobs next door io Alberla where the ciimate is "friendlier."

Since then tir€ governmenthasn't back€d dorvn, rnd neither has Roles. lt now appearscertarn that s ffagile manufactufingsector,alr€ady Saskatcheryan reelin,rfrom the loss of oil refineries.flout nlil1s.and packins houses,will shrink even lLrrther with the departure of the Roles operation.a company xhich started in Saskatoonexactly 25 yearsago.

Shutdo$nsof branch plants hav€ becomealmost routiDein this province.IJut this shutdownof homesrown industrt demaDdsspeciaiattertion. lt indjcates ihat local priYale busincssis not a realisticalternative to outside capital in developingthe Saskatch€wan econony- The reasonslor this are appar€nl in the recorcland philosophyof Smiih-RolesLlcl., and i1s soleonner, Clen Rol€s.

CIen Roles: headinglor "greener" fastures.

LEII ROLES'HLI]IBI-E BEGINNI\GS ARE DDSCRIBED in a self congralulatory handbook, An ldea and Fowte.n Dollat:;, The Stoty ol A Pldnie Faln.r's Extelpllise He was born on a farm near Bruno, Saskatche_ wan, left scboolio Nork on the tarm after gradeeight. pur'uedht hii{} s,hoolmarri lrrron l,) cur'P.pondi,n.. and g-a,lu.r'",1 lrolr \rrrrn",ollFqidle in sa'latoon at the ageof 21. From therc he went on to study engineerinB an.{ .(,1, rp l '$o delr('-. J Ba helor of Sipn.F in ele.,ri al ensrrFe-iniron \lnrirola in 1946,and later anotherbachelor'sd€gre€in m€chani €al engineeringlrom Saskatchewan.

Smith-RolesLtd. clatesfrom l9'17 when Roles began selling build-it-yourself $'elding kits lo Saskatch€wan iarmers utilizins war surplus generalors.

ThF ,omppn) hi- or) i. .i'Pn' on r\e 'tu.'rioi ^t $herc lhe dcJ orisin"reJ,and dwell. ir-re d on he fourteendollars that Roles nade as r down-payment on 12 generators;nBuifalo.New York, during his In fact, rhe first $orking mod€lol the welderwas put togetherby Ralph Sweet,a lorgan districr farmer who was a welding instrucbr in the engineerinllde' partment of th€ university. Roles e'as an observer when Sweet and others first iested the d€\'ice. As Sieet describesit, 'Clem saw the potential and went ... home and staftedmaking them in his basenrent Num€roustim€s Clem Roleshas staled how he engineered the thing in his basement without publicly giving credit for the original concept." [ihile Ro]es may be a little reticent about ack nowledgingthe role his colleaguesplayed in devclop ing the welder. no one questionslbat it was he ryho saw the comercial possibilities of cheap, pofiable farm market relding equipmentin the Saskatchewan and leapedat the opportunity. The "Idea that ac companiedthe lourteen dollars seenNlo ha\,e been. iThere's gold in them ther€ prairi€s."

The ll€dgling company.operatingout ol a garage behind Rol€'s home on Ave. J. South in Sarkatoon. beganan expansionwhich ran uncheckeduntil 1968.

Although the welding kits were his establishingpro duct, Roles realizedlhat to gro$. the conpany would haveto div€rsify its producl line. Soonhe was assembIing th€ weldersb€lore marketing them, and the beginnings of a nanufacturing operation were tating shape. Graduaily through licencing arangementshe broadenedthe array and increasedthe sizeand power range of his products,getting into air compressors, bin clean€rs,grinders, augers and a multitude of smaller products.

Throughout the early period of growth, after buying out his partner Smith in 1949.Roles maintained clos€ p€rsonalcontrol over all aspectsof the NEXT YEAR COUNTRY

business- product designand acquisition,producl accounting and personion,pricing,sales,adverrising. nel.ln his own words, AI iirst I kept rrackof every ro be done. thing.T kneweveryco"t and shat needed But lhen a' we sot Lisger,T 'ouldni hdndleit all myself.I had to hire other peopleind delegateresponsibility. They didn't alwa)'sund€rstandrhat we were doing,so we got into somedifficr.tlties."

EFORE THE DIFFICULTIES SET IN Sl{ITH,ROLES ENJO\*ED AN EXTENDED PERIOD OF SUCCESS.And behindthe upwardslopingcurvpson Ihe LompJn), hart' a:tutF maneJ\erin\.$hat lay consideraLle might evenbe called sharp"practke5.

One ot t)re moreinlpre'.ingstorie.;. told b] an independent manufacturer's agent who perslladed Roles to undertakethe produciion of battery boostef cableswhen they were selling for $12.00a pair. The agenthad a hard time convincingRolesto take action becauseit seemed,"everything had to be his idea to be a sood idea." l'inallv it becameClem's idea and the ag;nt sold boosterdbles manulacturedby SmilhRoles to jobbers all acrossrestern Canada.It $as a fruitful collaboration,but too good to last. "I didn t like Roles' peculiaf arroganc€,' recounts the agent.

"He was fronting that b.s.yankeesalescours€at the time (a reierenceto Roles job as instructor of the Dale Carnegi€course,a positionhe held for 12 years.)

Well, one Sunday morning he came banging on ny door complainingabout ny work and saying I would have to do things his way, becomea Carnegie€xperl, or get out. lvell, you don't ow€ that to anyone,uniess you're married to them. I told him to get out."

After thiiting abou! what had happened.the agent concludedthat he had in fact outlived h;s use' fulnessto Roles.and that the quarrel over the Carn' egie salesapproachwas r.rsedto antagonizehim and nake him quii. Wasn't Roles sincere;n his belief in the Carnegiesales philosophy and techniqu€?The agent summedup his rather bitter experiencethusi "Clen Rolesis rather like Pi€rreTrudeau.He believes what he seesin the mirror."

.So the future looks bright to CIem Roles. The crisis of 1969-70is weathered and forgotten. The motto is onward and upward . . . and, it must be said,

"Do you have any labour problems,Mr. Roles?l' "No, we askedthe mento forman employees association, buf they didn't want one."

This ingenuousremark revealsmore about Clem Rol€s than it doesabout the thinking of th€ men who work for him. $'hile salesgr€w from nothing to $2 million annually, $hiie the valu€ of the plant and land rose to over $500,000, the eslimatedvalue of the businessto over gl million, and Roles'equity (by his own estimate) to $700,000or mor€, Rol€'s payroll $as aiso growing.He had on€ emplot'eein 1950,and by 1967Jthe number had grown to a peak of at least 90 (Roles)or 115 (companyhandbook).

If now in 1972, his men don't want even an employeesassociation,in the early 60'she was hiring a dilferent breedi they wanteda union. Dave Cooper, who is now a Steelworkerwith Potash Company of America,recallsihe dismal conditionsat Smith-Roles when he startedthere in 1961.

The main .omplainrra. rh.r Clemwas paying starvation wages.The range llas $1.001.50an hour, but h€ startedm€ at $1.30.,{t the sametime there was a ?-y€ar man working nexl to me $ho sas only gering Sl.t(, l,ur he $a. an Indian \\rrming lo cooper the ropicol minurirygroup. ar Srnilh-Roles. went on to discussRoles' poiicy ol hiring the handi capped."He had citations on his wall for employing parapal€glcs.But he wouldn't pay th€m. eicept with a pai on thq back. They work€d just as well as anyone,probibly better on the jobs they did. They did mor€ on the assemblyline than the able-bodied men, becausethey didn't take as many breaks or horse around. But Clem wouldn't give ihem equal pay, becausethey couldn't do every job in the plant " In thosedays,Coopetexplain€d,it was normal to work 12 hours a day in the wintertime.The slandard week was 44 hours, but on the paychequesovertime was often as important as the base salary. The men generallvled up with the wages,and early in "ere a lqo2,-agrouiof them includingGooperapproached union organizer.He irnmediarelysuggesteda strike, which scaredoff someof the core grouP,so no plans

S;**:$iq:$t*nq#r:ng

y€ar, high of $1.5nillion in 1967,Smith-Roles'best but was do$n to $l million by 1970.At the sametime the companywas stretchedthin fron rapid expansion.

Roleshadboughrthe BlanchardFoundryCompdnyin 1965 to s€curethe slrpply of some of his inputs. In 1966he openedsalesolfices in London. Ontario and llinot, North Dahota. His networh bf larmer agents had grown to over 400 in Canada,and employmentin the Sashatoonplant and oflice had reach€d115."In 1969r,vewere ov€rstaffed,"saysRoles."We lost more money that year than we'd made ;n any other, sales were so low. \ow we have about 80 peopleon staif, and our cost control proceduresare much betler."

Smith Rolesretail saleswill hit $ 1.5million again this year. $ith total rev€nuefrom all sourcesup to about $2 miilion. In Rotes'vision of things this is by no meansa plateau."\Ve have a pot€ntial of $4 millve can double our lion in salesand 200 ernployees. businessby producing more and larger ptoducts."

NEXTYEARCOUNTRY

'rThe next dav Clem knew about it. It was a Saturday morning, and he lectured us for over half an hour about how we didn't need an outsideunion."

He encouragedthe men to set up an employees'com_ mitte, which eventually brought forth a request for higher 11ag.s.Rolesqranleda 5 cent per hour increa,e.Ar about Lhesamelime hc asled lhe men to submit estimates of their tiving expenses.When Cooperhandedhis in, Roles Ieafedthrough it, looked at him earnestly,and announced,"You'r€ living be-

vond vour means," "It was true," recalls Cooper' i'Th".i *as no bus serviceout to that plant of his, so you ha'l ro ha\e r (ar. The wholething mademc mad,but what couldyou dol It took more than a year lor the next move l'inallv CooDer conlacted lred Nlcclelland of the UniteA Ston; afld Allie(l Products\Vorkersfor advice Toqerhcrrhcv $enl oul and signed75 per centof lhe woikea ro union card- in four niahrs The Labour RelationsRoard cerlified local 200 of th€ Stonework' in February e$ as bar:aininsaqFnlfor S11ilh_Roles 1064.and ihe fiisr pre. d"nr was DavPcoopcr' Old Clernua-n r roo hrppy. He knewI d bcenpushineil. t d brpn sorlins in ihp print chop.and lhey said T d hunq a calendarover the windo$ so they couldn't see whaf we were up to. Don Friesenand 1 wer€ fired on the spot." Tbe unjon thr€atenedRoles wift an uniair labour practicesuit, and the tvo men were reinstated, "But h; wouldn'l pay us lor the two days lost, the cheapold brrggprt $d.n r realll scaredmy'elt 'Juse I had nnrhingro lo.c. Ir wasearyenoughlo:ee whal he sa. up ro. lryine I^:.are rhe re"l of lhe boys.Bul cvertonefelt a lol bpllPrqhen we werpreinstaredThe lirst round ol barsainingestablisheda range of rates lrom $1.19to $1.8aat Smith'Roles.The men weren't excited by the increases.which varied from nothing to 15 centson the starting rates, and 8 to 34 c€ntsat the 1op for different jobs. However,the principle of collective bargaining had b€en €stablished despiteRoles' opposition.

In the next four years the union succeed€din raising the baserate at Smith'Rolesto $1.80and the top rate to g2.80.Fred Mcclelland, who sat through

threedifferent roundsof bargainingwith Roles,cdled him rhe mo(l .lubbornemployerI ever dcalt wilh Proof neverneanr anylhingto him. Oncehed made up his mind. no amount of argument rvould make him cbanseit. ,{nd h€ was always crying poor, when we knew damn w€lt he could pay l suggestedthat we hire an auditor to go over his books,but he ignor€d that."

HE CRUNCH CA}IE IN 1969.BARGAINING HAD STALLED AND THE IIEN \IORKED wilhouta contractafter Oclober.

196E.ltthough Nageswere at the heart of the dispute other issuessynbolized the low ebb of labour-managementrelations, particularly Rol€s' demandthat employeespay the cost ol installing plug-ins for their parking stalls in the remote industrjal park.

The tlinister ol Labour appointeda conciliation board in January, 1969,and in febtuary tbe majority made a findins larorable to the Lrnion.In a letter to the Chairman. tbe dissentins imployer representativ€, in parr ...1 IPel thdl rhe ludse L L Flvnn 'aid ;on;ai) ileli$rd el' negorir,pdin bad faith. in rhr hop€ that eventually a conciliation board might go along with hin. I fcel this is evidencedby his offer ol a nrer€ l0 centsand 5 cents,and secondlybecause he made no sincere attempt before the board to justify his stand. . . Thirdly, the very documentshe filed showshis wagesare out of line...he iil€d a number ol reporis all of which show his wage rates ar€ low and will still be low after the 35 cenl incr€ase (we have recommended)."

Ltd..,ert/a-tidt lo, the photopaiher.

The shot fioot at Smith-Rol,es N€XTY€ARCOUNTRY

Predictably Roles rejected the lindings of the conciliationboard,and on llarch 21. l96q local 3-200 of ih€ Stoneworl€rswallied out to try to remedytheir grievancesagairst Smiih-Roles.The sixt]' odd strikers beganin brave spirits. but arfay€d agajnstthem Nere severallactors th€y couldnt anticipate or control, as wcll a, sonrF had no bu-incssorFrloo\inJ. 'hcI In 1969 the prairi€ economywas noving into a seriousrec€ssion.Sales$€re way do\In in the farm machinerybLrsiress. and this meant that a strike was not costing CllenrRoles as much as it would havc in more prop€roLrs times.This. coupiedxith his practice (since abandoned)of building up a large invent.xv over tlre winter months, ieft him in an extremely strong position io outwait the strikers.This was doubly true bec:rusethe previolrs Novenrber 8, the Saskatchei'anEconomir D€vebpmentCoeoratior. an agency of the proviicial governm€nt.had thoughtfully extendcd Roies credil by {i150.000over and abovethe $300,000 it had lenr to him;n 1966"to purchasefrom tinre to time, certain equipment." In lhis caseSEDCO lound itsell,whetherby designor accident-financing Roles in his ventur€ into unionDrlstrng.

was disintegrating.with ntost of the strikers driltiDg away to find other jobs.

LI, THESE CIRCU}IST.\NCI'S ]IITIG.\T. ED .{G.{I\ST A SUCCESSFUL S'IRJKE Th. u|l on i .Flf ' o ,,pour.l.d,r. ,li t, u'r:cby failing to achiev€solidarit] in the initial decisionto walk out. This in trrn was due iL' th€ father interestinghiring praclicesof Smith-Roles Ltd.

Nimirowski was a nuisanceto Clem Roles becausehe could not be curcd of ihe idea that €qual $ork d€servesequal pai'. He recalls an incident in 1968.the year beforethe strike. .T $as geliingg2.00an houf.A guy cameofl the streei and got exactlt the samcrate. even lhough I'd been ihere five ]'ears. Other gu)s on the same line were getting more,but T \ras in r theelchair. T asked Ior an incrcasecauscI knew I rvaskeepingup with ihe b€sl and I deserved;t.' !rom the other men f,-inrirowskilearnedthat Rolcs response$as to order a speed'upon the transformerassemblyline - and put extra men on it. keeping the manpoweron the tinishing line $here Njmirowski worked the same.

'They really speededup, but we knen what was happening.so $e just put out harder. They couldn't beat us," recountsAnd] $ith justiliablepride.

There are a great rnany larmers in Sasliatchervan who dont earn enoughto nake ends meet frorn the land. and s'[o are anxiousfor part time 1{ork iD the off season.Roleswas well a$are of this. and lor ycars had beenhiring peoplelrom the lvarman,llartinville Haguedistrict to $'odi in his planr. {ihat rvasrpecial about this arfangementwas ihat most of thesepeople were llennonites. and many were relatedby biood or marriage.The unjon nen estimatethat at one time no less than 23 workers were relat€d in som€way to Roles'shop foreman,llrank Ginther.

Support for the strike position was at best fragm€nrary$ithin this group. and Roles was quick to play on their uncertainty. Within a week of the beginningof the walkout sone r,!€reback on the joir. and this number gradually inrreased as the strike dragged on. The Lrnion as unable to slem this erosion ol solidarity, and when Roles began toi supplement the skeleton crew wilh fresh scabs from out-idc. ir qa- apparenrlo rlp t0.odd relrd:ring strikers that the strike was lost. Dlrring the 8th week they r€ali2edihat even the option of acceptingRoles' original ofier was no longeropen ro them.

In the words of RossHale. then the international repr€sentativ€of the Ston€workers."Once the strike slartedj Clen was determin€dto beat us at any cosl.

He is essentiallya ruthlessrnan,absolutelyand conrpletely stubborn. I bave dealt with hundreds of enployers but I've never seen one as low as Clem Roles."

While the companyand union and Labour Rela' tions Board werejocteying over which companyoffer lhe employe€swould be allowed to accept,the union NEXTYEARCOUNTRY

Clem contributed to th€ processwh€rever pos, sible. Or ltay 6, And] \imerowski. a parapalegic emplo)'edwitb Roles since 1963.and chairmanof the union welfare commitlee, receiveda ters€ letter of notice,$hich said in part . - .

"We havechangedour steel shearing machinery and our stacking methods.We therefore do not have enough work tor you.

Th€ labour RelationsBoard upheld Roies' right ro do this. Thus Roles who enjoys slowing citations Irom the Saskatchewan Corncll for CrippledChildren and ,\dulis as a nodel €nrplot€r.had nranaged1l) rid hinNell ol .\ndy Nimirowshi. It ias not his first

"Finally the for€manstarted giving us bad ste€l to slow us down. Bul still they couldn't beat us. At fifst th€ quota wls 15 translormersa day. At the peak of the speedup w€ finished 35 a day. lve kept that damn line moving, but 1le never reportedhow many \'€ lv€re doins, cause they would have made that "You know, he didn't need them really. There were l0o transformersin stock already."

HE REST OF THE STRIKE \\TAS AT-L DOWI.]HILL. ['ith the usual assistance Iroln the police and courts, Roles was able to keep his sirikebound plant turning out enoughto meet the reduc€ddemandsior his equipmentby using scab labour. \Ihen the Labour RelationsBoard scheduledfor Decembera vote on Roles' \Iay olfer to the union. onl) tnelve ol the origjnal stfikers $€re eligible to vote. They accepted.but the meagregains went to the scabs.\ot one of the men who held out was re_ €mployedat Smith'Roles.The union \vas d€certiiied by an employeevote at the earliestopportunity.Now Clem Roleshas no labour problems.

1

In SeDtember1971.just six montbs b€fore annoumins ili. intenli^nro pha'e our his tlanuia'rur;ns operarionin 5r.karoon Clem Role' -re'Prvedr tt"* rhe Iede Jl Dcparrmcnrot RFriunal "i'.", u"p""-l* for iao8?l ll. pu'po'e' To E-..mi, a n.r produ'r expdn_ionprosrrm rl an encourrge .o-' of r120.355t(hi(h Roles'lairncd wi]l ""i"'"[A jobs in Saskatoon n€w createsix

ROLES IS THE KIND OT BUSINESS .I'ITH rte \ r:l r. nor ju'r tre'"u.e ^i $la' ir doe' I! .." t be,au.e'oiir' poL.nrir: t: ' un rh' -l ", ."";. still sroiling . Clenr Roles is a sood E a great deal oi ciiizen. i'ie LeinvesLs ".-ii*t. r't," 'peatcr '' :ru l i$'err' Sa'kaoons his prolii.' ln hi:rrir1 lretelol'nenrU"':' Pr H' i' a$ rrc oi ho\v :"", ri Rol;' has r;cJ up in lJnd and buil4in!' ".""r ar'l i' nnr "nr;r"h 'onvin'Fd 'h he i" i".1,'"o'" *lrio"ii up sral.e' This inphe' rh:r Rol+ prtbiit pron6unceni"nr. hate bFenJ \luff a (iFs pri\aleh held bl' SEDCO ollicials as vell ,{ conversatio! wiih Roles quicklv dispells anv <a_l-ir^nn 3n4 sr, h norion.Hc ,orr.cde'JI fir'r rh,rl Resinaare rhe bFSrIo, trior' ror hi' lrr':nF's r'1\ io"'.i4"'.,rion.J'idF \onF hclF.. hP hJ' s\ifr"d li' iesalr..i.i.n e ro EJmonronre':snedrrom rhF}oard oi Co\en !r. of Ihc I ni!.r.;rl nf S"'ka'rheuan and in olher $3)- -Pt aLourro,rrr hi. ncr.on3lriP' $i h ihe ronp:ny uill foll^w him ro E'lrlunSa.karoon. ion when suitable atconodation can b€ arranged In no sensedoesRoles intend to cut olf his nose ro.Dite hi. fa,P in rhe prn'e* Thc no'e i' al"ul in\p.'cd in lar" and Luil'lin-t in Sa'kd'oon $50d.000 Thi' rnalc. pul':nqoul whi.h i. not ver) nrarl,eriblF. aLruollr unlhinkdllc. so { lern doA'nr lhink aboul it. "i\:e worl\ jusr up and leave.\\e'll sort oi ooze out of Saskarciewanbjt bv bjt Everv time we add a new product.it'll be in Ednonton.' Bv the tim€ he closesthe Saskatoonopetation.the property will be completelydepreciated Roles' reason for leaving Sashatoonis sirnple Lrnder the nos'expired federal eslatestax law. with rhe 7; DerLenrrcbare\lr. Thar.hFr$a. pr) int. Role. in rhe evenr of h' d"ath at fieurerlrax oL,liiiarion The \DP\ suc,e"inn d.rlie. (3vs ab-odr$100,000.

Roles.$ould raLc a $d00000birP.JnJ rhe ra{ bill rvould force his hens ($ife. son and two daughiers) ro sell lhe .ornpar) . Il s I he 'orl of , hoicewhi,h le'l' Iour lovJlrv Io home.oil Jnd Role. reJ(lion i' un_ equiro.il. :ttho,an i'tford ro'rr) herPar lhar pri,e?

I can fl\ La,k herc in (0 m nurPs loJ \now He eoe.on i" ridi,ule qhrr he reqar,l'a. 'he ab.Ltrllo:ir 6f tle \lovor of Sa'kaoon an4 trlnrme,l Provin(ial governmeni official- $ho ha\e J"urcd him rhrl rhe iax law has enouahloophole-rhrr hq wonl have Io Da\ the nominalrarcs.\\irh complcrein'en.;li\itv io'the public retat;onsproblems of the governm€nt h€ asks. "If I'm not intended to pav it, then \vbv oassthe sruDidrhins in rhc firsrplare He nole. lhal it t'e hoAt,esunto di'id. his osratefivc $a\' rhro gh sifrs, berinning20 )edr. ago.he s^uld have no Iax iroblem todar. Hc lamens the hlpocris) of rhe rax iaw once arain, and laun,h€sinlo an impa',ioned defenseof iirnall" businessand local entr€preneurial 8

talent, coupledwith praise for th€ good senseof the governm€ntof Alberta.

T AI,L SEEIIS I-IKE STTCH A PERI'ECT CLICHE . .. small tirne capitalist and devolee ot Daie Carneqielanrentsunlairnessof system of ne$ ^rruncsluushrr ,nrk". a,'nr,.'ing "hi.l rlian ,lelenseof ol'l Jortune" \\'h) (an-r lhe hinterhnd creat€its own classot wealthy men? Isn'l it better to b€ exploiteCby local businessnenthan Dy fararvriy,nnpersonatcorporalions?

Oi roLrrF.lcn Role' doe'nt lce rr.Ih4r sdv al ell. He .l.r'nr"nu inrFr"L ir p"$er qeaIh or pr'\il' people well, hardlv ,iun r 1.n," "eahhv who "ii.l:i ir,e. .';strr "ny oc ruu ex.'prior' L,e"on. u"nv. profesional rhF r'PrdkP livi anr difiienrl} f,or personirith an incone ol twelve or lourteen lhorsand n'r' nu.h u+ in putuuin'-sealth i re"r.. rh...

1"i;1.6sn sal', iou In,,$ \^'r 'Jn only:pFnd so ,,'r.-.l;nrr;r.hulidar' Ih(n $har do )ou do?' ;i'.h It mar"; be lhis iack of imaginalnrnwhich ir keeping Clem ioles out of the circles $here $€alth and its usesare more apprectaleo, $'hat Roles does liLe about monev is the power it conferson him. brt hes shv of the $od "Let's rhrnqs Ir lr-: "ur rh,r money all"s' )"J ro do i' his *rv or ii,'rl.1"" r"."p.na ','ur-,reirrrirl Duttin; jt. and he obviously geis gteat satisfaction show xhole nning the irom ii \o e of rhi.. al lca.l ;f you lalF ir al iace ralue.erpla'r' Clrnr Role' p-Po.,up1 i"n wirh $har h;;o;". ro iri' compan-'an't hs m^nF) drrPr his n. eog".n."j to avoid successionduties' a"iit' i.ih"p--a h. .irnplr $anr. hi' $ih I^ be '"mrorrable' nnd a liul. b I ;f in m""ali') ir lhe fo'tl oi wPallhv and oo$eriul childrenlNoi on )our lile! It must be tlot $'ealtb and po$:erare fundamentallv "nii"i.tooa burden. curse. a a can "I'm not inkrested in passingit on trlorey nePd it $hen ir yorr if cPr vnu be rery dc- ru,l'!c The b;.r rime ro in'r.;rr mone\ i' uhen j'u donl nFed ir . . \l) famil! $ill Ia\? a.5Frinusprolrlem sta-insrl pm ln rhe f:r,. shen rhPI inherirrhis L'u'i' ne.- lhet ll haverorun'ror'ell iI TtIhe) rr) torun il and iiil ir uill hurr rhe;r irnd:e of rhemsel!eq iheir ori,l.. an'l rhl .ould Le d rroLlcm qhnh would .ra! virh rhenrfor 'h. Th' fello\v$irhourrhi' rhine ha' a l,ePIiie .omparalivrhi: Lind of re.p!nsiL,ilir\. ely sp€aking."

LEII ROLES IS AFFLICTED \\:ITH THE RICH IIAN S tsURDEN. ,{ccordins to bis testinony the tife of a self'nade man. even wnh DREE qrants and SEDCO loans. is a difficult and lrying one.Perhapsthe m€n who :Denr\.ear:r$prrin: in hi. erploy onl) Io Le 'rnashed line our.ide hi. sdre- r,e simply too oi' a bi.r. nnd small miDdedto understandhis trials ins€nsitive It is sobering to consider that th€ econonic future of Saskatchewanand its peopie lies in the carine hands of eithef Gulf. Irnperial Oil, Quaker corporale citizensor' when Oa'r and olhcrre.ponsible rhev tail u'. in lhc .arina h rndsot hnme-grosnmen - like clem Roles. of iniriariveand enlerpriqe NEXTYEARCOUNTRY

slo.l business.bankine, rcal p.tsre, havP a "Far on lhP $ i nD i pesGrai n E r.hang" . o" n P i oncFtE l aaror. and a nice fanily farlE. In rgfl Jam€s Richardson clinbed on the Trudeaunania bandwagon,got el€ctedand becane Miniter of S ueD l \. \ol l he l oD .Jri nd po:r hul ;n tl -P ..Lr nPl i i ," l " -. In rn a,ti .l . i ; uJ.l een' \' l dga?ihe " .* 19?2 €dition, eulosizins Richardso! rs a hero or June the west, Don Bsron, editor of the United Grain Growers.orned Countr) Cuide, explains how the Mi.ister o{ Supply is championi.g a new concept o{ Conted€rationshich would Sive the Xest nore auton' ony. He also stateshow hard Richardson is fi8htiDs to have nore crorvn corporatiorc and bran.hes o{ the Federal Government estabtishedin $restern Canada

FARM CANADAGRAINCOUNCIL \lhen Mac Runciman, presidenr ol United Grain Gro$ers- becane chairman of the mwlv organized CanadaGrains Council early in 1969,he stat€dthe ain of the Council would b€ ro Provide a voice lor the ertire s.ain industry including growers, shipPers' handlers and useF. This was interesling nets for the {arners considerinjr that the council rnembershiplist was doninared by such illustrious agribusiness nanes a' lhe t r inr ; D e a G ra i n E :i rh a n s ., Va n c o u r er C rai n Lx c har r e. ll6nrre s l C ' rn [.x .h a n e .. Bo a ' d o L Trdde ol l\ lar ooolir a n T o ro n to " C a n a d i m \a ri o n a l l \l i l l er' s Associatiin. Canadian Feed Manufacturer's Associa' tior, Canadian Pacific Raitways and so on Shortly therealter ihis group was joined by the Palliser Wleat Grower's and the SaskatchewanAssociation of Rural Municipaliti$.

Runcimar, the professio.ai comprador, relired rrently and was replacedby Cordon AIen olToronto, Vice-PresidentoI Maple Lea{ flour llills llour division. Ol cous. Runcinan still r€taiN his position as presid€nt ol United Grain Grouers and his direcror. ships or the CPR and Creat West LiIe. Itlaple Leal Mills is engaged in flour mitlinF operatesgrain elevators,rnanulactureslivestock feeds, deals in lesetable oils and seeds,owns bakeries,raisa poultry. is the largest poultry proc€ssorin Ontario and deals in grass and legume seedson the side.

Obviously,Mr. Ailan will be very corcerned about th€ fate ol rhe farmer in Lis role as president of tbe 'siDglevoi.€ for the entire grain industry.' He Nill be ably assisted by his new vice"prGidert, Everertt Murphy, president of the Saskarch€wenAssociationoi Rural Municipalities.

This is rery enlightening. Richardson\ searing Westerr Patriotism, not his greed,nobilized the forces required to persuade Air Canada to rent seren com. plete floors jn tle d7 storey Richardson Building in Winnipeg. And so rbr sl,oullrit Otto Lang as I'linister ih charg. of lhe Cd.adian \:heat Doard rent lhc huge inland terninals in Xlloose Jaw and Saskatoor to Pioneer Elevator Company? Afterall, the o$ners ol Pioneer Eievator Companr are Richardsons and rhey are tr'esterDers- aDd they o$n a farm to boot just like Otto Lang.

WHO GETSTHE LIBERAL PARTYHANDOUTS? By no* ever-r'one las held of ihe Oppoilunities for Youth Programne. and nost peopLehare also heard ol some prettti rierd projects. Dut ii is do.e

This rear. five udiversitr studerls ir Saskatoon applied {or a grant. Tl,ei re.e all lron {!.m {adiliesand neededsumner elnplotment to he all. to continue their edu{,ation.ert fall. Bur lhey {antc{l to do sornelhing usefDl. They proposed to do a stud) reiared to their family experie.ce.First, lh.y {ere to compile statisrics on agr;busiress in (la.aila: th.i degreeto {!ich it i, concentraled,thc degree to which it is foreign ovned and/or co.rrolled, and its inpad on rural Saskatchewar. The secondproject rvas to cohr)are so.ial lorns of farnirg in Saskatchewari the indiri.lual famih {arm, the co.op farm, the communal larn and the coryorate farm. Their studl $as ained dt dete.mini.g rlhich lorn of farniDg Nould suport the most people in rural Saskatchera" and at the highest standard of liling. Their total request for funds ras 85.260. This project was rejected.

Last summer OFY approred the SaskatoonYoulh Farn and Carden Proj@t and sranred them $65,000.

They rented sixteen aces about l0 niles out of to{n Not all the wealth produced in Saskatch.$anand on the Pike Lake hishwar. Fi{tr students$ere to be other Western Provinces is stolen fion us by the employed,to groN regclablcs to be eilen aNav free to bucaneers in the bis. bad East and our Anerican the poo! h Saskaroon.The pfoject {as a disaster.The friends. A sood deat is {iltered out of the sneam as n stuilenh, Nho l,ad no erperien.e in ma.k.t garde.i.g, passesby ihe Richardson Building at the corner ol korked onlv shen lhev {elt like it..At lhe end of the summer there were only 15 vorking. About one.hau Portageand Main in Winnipeg.

Richardson\ ar,i an old, verl well established of the acreagewas overilro$n Nith !.eds and the c.op Winnipeg family. They have been in the grain trading lost. It is etimated tlat the! produced !bo!t $600 busiress a lonc tine. Thev sre in the securities and

OTTO JAMES RICHARDSON, LANG AND SOMEGOODOLD FASHIONED GRAFT

NEXT YEARCOUNTRY

KEEPON TRUCKING

Bud Olson'sfri€nd. . . Mr. Delnar Pound.. . forxner .bairnan of the CalsaryChamberof Conberce.prior aDdorior t;that A .umber of corporationsand asencieshave been to rhat with Mccab€Cmin ComDany ' playinS slound with aD expedment that is being with Oliver Farh EouiDmdt. hailedby the yahoo'sin th€ massnedia as a bold new conc€pi in grain handling and tramportstion. Basic.

ILLUSIONSOF CHANGE ally, thia bold new concepr involves trucking barley ftom country el€vatoB within a 70 nile ndius of The pro ncial governrnentclaim! the SaskaicheSekatoonand MooseJawto the huseinlaDdterminals wan Land Bank Commis€ion a6 on. ol lhF major located in th6e two citie3. The terminak are owned by the Federal Governnent and recently leasd to achiev€mentsof its first year in offic€. According to Pioeer Grain Company.The srain will b€ cteanedto the Minister oI Asriculture, Jack Messer, rh€ Lahd export standardq by Pioneer, loaded into hopper Banl( will not solve all larn problens, but it is sup. botton cal3 and shippedby rail to ThunderBay lor posed to make it nuch easier for youns farmers to 8pt Etarted.Sone of the iacts about the LaDd Bank, combined with ce ain statementsbv officials of the Departrnento{ Agriculture, help to put it in rhe nore modest perspectiveit d6erve€.

The much publiciz€dj usti{ication lor this Foglstn is to seeif it will not speedup the floy of gra;n and find oul $hFLheror not this is Lhemostefficienrmeans of handling aDd lransportjnggrain. P.rhaps.. . bur The total capital ol the Land Bank is limited perhapsnot. Wlarcver th. final ourcom" rs. some lo $100 million. this seernsljke a substantialamounr things are d€ad celtain. oI moDey, until it is .onpared to the total value oI PioneerGrain Company'snewlv l€asedfacilities {arn land in Saskatchervan,which ranses bet$een four and five billion dollars. It appears that the *ill be Leptbusy.Thiais-rei s.od io. Pio"*' c*i". govenm€nt nev€r int€nds to hold nor€ than about

thc railwayswill .ot have to spor and pick up two percen! of what is Dow privare laDd - hardly a big change in the land tenure systen. The sovernbox cars at coutry elevatorpoinrs.1..1""d. th€y "iil ment owns and teasesasricultural larm lands worth simply spot a t.ainloadot c;rs st the r$o rerminals. fiey've been tryins to beat down th€ Crow's Nesr considerably nol€ than gl00 nillion already. This asreamentfor years anyway. This m€thod lor haDd. lends suport to the charge that the Land Bank is ling gain acconpaniedby the FederalGovernment's ner€ly a real estate agency, a ninor, snsll-impact gift of 2,000box cars to the railwaysis a st€pin thc reform whi.h gi\es rhF illusion ot rhance sirhout dsht diretion for the CPR. Cleanioggrain for export standardsar inland termin&lswill nor.by irself.sp€edup th€ flos of Srain one iota. Vancouv€rand Thunder-Bayalreadl-ha"e cleaningcapacitythat far exceedsthe ability of the railwaysto deliver.

This interyreration is reinlorced b) lhe Urpury l{inbter oI Agri(ullure, DouB M.Arrhur, sh€D he deals with !h€ question ol rents. "The rent will nor necessarily be based on the purchase value of rhe land. Doe that mean LhariL sjil be lower o! hieher Saskatchews. taxpayerswill haveto foor the bill than pr€sent land prices dictale? C;b Sesson,-the dir€ctor of rhe Conmission, revealedofficial thinkins for increas.droad and high$ay nainrenaDc€ cost3. by sayi ngthat Ihe governmentri l l be ab h r o r . cow; II thb erpeimenr turDs out to be the wave oI the its "inv€Etment" in th€ Land Bark throush-"nornat future branch line abandonnent wiu be rnuch easier capital gains." This can only nean that iI land prices Io. the railwaysto achiae. But ii wonl sropthere. rise the goverDmentintends to raise the level oI rent i t charg$ Lo i r6 tehanl s and.apturc rhe ga; n f or It will b. a v€ry simple sleDfor the rruck€ro i tsel f. Thi l si l l be i n l i n. ri l h an i nrer F. r incner bjpass lhe country ehvato;s and pick rhe srain up " " oci ai ha pr;n' i pl " " al hd profi r msrj m iuar i; n. lf risht at the farmer'sbin. The onty ;rumblinsblock 6 thi . i . j nd* d thp sovprnn.nt. i nr" nri on.r hpr . is no this oDe b that the trucks $ill b. huee s; t"ailers reason{or any {arber to prefer renting over the more carryins about 750 b$hels of wheat to over 900 traditionsl attempt to own the land.

bushelsof btrhy per IoEd.Therefore.only the larger famers. thosewirh a bis enouehquotabase.vould-be A further indication thar th€ Land Bank i6 not ablc t6 usq1b;. method-andrh'eyiould b€ €nticedto part of any significant new direction in agriculrural useit via a lower handliry chaige. policy is that it is not designedto encouragedny €r-

SnaI€. Iarmerscould still haul to th6l countr perim€ntation with alte.natives to the family farm. elevatorthough.. . until they close&eir doorsb€caus€ The most Mr. S ;" son L,1 ,o orr.. i n thi s r sar d ess of low volune. The questiondren becornes wheredo that "a person could corne in on , "o-op""utlre ". rangemcnl.The Land Bsnk is not oppo.Fd or ihhunc the snaller farners delivertheir srain?

An interetilg lidelight to this episod€ iB that the Ceada Grains Commtusion,the tederal agency r€sponsiblefor the t€rminals, is the body. responsible lor promorirgand co-ordinatingthis rrucking-.experi m.nt.' The chief ot the CanadaCrainsCommission is t0

to co.operativ€ ariangements." By the sahe token it obviously isn't doing anv positive thinking sbout LhFmFi rhrr. In fed. l h" Land B anl ( F\ Dahnce in. dicates that the government is ;nrvillins io ente ain ideas nhich rvould lead ro structural change and po.i l i \p qoi i al ,hi ns" i n rl p rurat rommunlt i.

NEXTYEARCOUNTRY

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tohn Richard.s,the MLA lront Saskatoon'Uti1)er' jitr. ;s an econotftittltith heenintercst in Saskatche' wiis rcsour"" irtd.uttaes ht this artictre he argues tJtat oul faila/es in resourceilerelotr/tent, especially oil, aft lailures ol Polilkdl will ond ina<ination. afld cannot be exotaiied sudv as the tin|le unlolding ol econorrtEnece|st&y,

EYOND ANY DOUBT THE OIL CORPORATIONS ARE PULLING OUT OF SASi(s Sas KATCHEWAN.In1970Gultclosed katoonrefinervand has tow r€strictedits MooseJawph;t to asphaltproductiononly.

In 1971,Huski clos;d down its refinerv in lloose Jaw, and Imperial Oil announcedils inlenlion 1o phaseout its Regina refinery.

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Theserefinety closuresare all the consequ€nce.of decisionsmade in lhe corporateboardroomsof major prairie refininginve'tto concentrate oil companies, Besidesthe closurec Edmonlon aity in one ment m€ntioned above, Gulf closed a small refiner) in Brandon and restricted its calsary plant lo asphalt Droduction.To replace lhi" refining caPacily Gult brouqht on stream last year a new 80000 barrel per dav r-efinervin Edmonron lmperial is doing the same bui on an iven larser scale.Ii sill closerelincries in Regina,winniprg;nd Calsary ln-thejr-place it is plannine a huge la0,000barrel per day relrner) at an lstimat;d caoital cosl ot $170 miilion The new relinery is to 6e located,of course,in Edmonton wlen all these shutdowns- partial and comDlete- have occured.Saskatche\tanwill be l€ft q'ith 6nlv one fullv operalional refinery - rhe Co-op re_ lhe onlv sizefinirv in Reeina,which is, incidentally, refinerv in Canada able Canadian-owned At the explorationlevel, there is a sequelto the oullout in refinine.1972may rurn our Io be beller drilling ihan last vear. bit tgzt saw Saskalchewan activity at'onli half the Peaklevelsof the mid 1960's 1458 ;ells were drilled in 1965 for a total footage drilled of 5.1 million feet.In l97l only 767wells were drilled for a total of 2.1 million feet drilled. is obviouslyexp€ri€ncingindustriat Saskatchewan pro$ess.

Overallprovincialman laclur_ "recress.'not has declinedby o0o in five years ing"employme'nr in 1971and Sas_ from 15,?00jobs in 1960to 14.800 NEXT YEARCOUNTRY

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katchevran'sDoDulatioithas declinedbv 46,000in four years - from !62,000in Octob€r 1968to 916'000in June 1972.

In re-Donselo the lefinery shutdownsrhe provin_ li't Decemberadopledan oil c;al \DP Lonvenrion provincial governmenlld enter lhe callins on Dolirv ' an. integraledoil [t" 6it indu-.lryby establishing. crown corporauon companyrun as a Before discussingthe pros and cons of a government run Saskatch&an oil corporation, tbere are some or€liminarvquesrions.So what if refin€rie' doesir make whal difference closein Saskarchewa;?

Why in.Edmonlon? cenlralizes ifJhe refininginduslry 'foreign-con I rolled oil indusrrv? sel uDliaht;bour a Would iCanadian-controlled indusrrv b€ any better' or more efficientT NE SIMPLE ,{NSWER IS THAT THOSE WHO 1VORKED IN SASI'ATCHEWAN REFINERIES tiked the province - thev wanted to live and work here Ron Duncan. a representativein Reginaof the oil, Chemical and Ato;ic Workers International Union, put it this wavr "Most of our workersare one communlly oeoole-or from small townq nearbv They re nol '*oiiti. f.unste.s take a heavv toll on established social rclations - friendships,lamilies, and so on When Gulf and Husky closed refineries in Moos€ Taw and Saskatoon.rnany rcfused transiers ro jobs ;avins $5.00 oer hour. Thev preferred lo slay here init rite rhe;i chances.They are alrached ro lh€ir communities.bur thev don l know how to cxpresslhis arla(hmenrin a ooliiicallyeffec:ivewav Thcv have into believing bv rhe eclablishment beenbamboozled best." know oil companies that the In our society,howeter, economists,government bureaucrats.and businessmenare not impressedby argumenlsin terms of what peoplefeel about the Ihey live in. II youre nol impressed co-mmuniries eitler, there are other considerationsthat you might think about. If, as many reputablescientific studies now areue. the world will within a century iace serrarionalenergy rhena lone_term iousene-rgy shortaqes. now, the use of oolicv rnav $ell imDlv con.Prvation n€ed' and the bandnaOirn i,;l una gri tor C^anadian n;nq of exports.Long lerm rationalily in lhi' case runi against the shorarLrnlogic of privale oil corpor-

ationssellingnow ac muih nii and gasas possibleto the glutronoust.S. markel.In such-a situationit i. tle re.ponsibiliry oi peoplpro insi't rhar oil and gas b. Lrscd on lons-trrm Drospe.ts.

Thar 'levelopment in elfe,I rne.rn.morc gov.rnrninrinreiveirionin rhe lndustry, If neilher abourpeoplesarrachment lo "rsument lheir .onrn)uniti.: nor e, arguments inpress ^logi.al you. llere i. r rhi"d argun)enr . oiliorporarioniare earningexorbirrnlprofirs and somerhiigshouldbe Tn trying ro di-cotcr vhat prof;lsoil (ompanies arr a,lually€arning.you sill nor lFarnrucl fron rhe conpany financial reports uniesi!you are an accounrani lnoshJgealrle :lbour deprerialion allowances,accelerrledsrire.orfs rax huli,lays.rhe iniamou.deplelron allo\\ao,e.tnd mtny olher deviieswherebyoil com-panies legally transformdollars that are in reality profits into accounting costs. Taxable incom€ goes down,and oil companiismake a farce of ary ,,ability to pay" taxationprinciple. ' T he s e rti ,e s ra ri o no p e ra to r i q l h F f i nat l i nk i n the oi l r r r- . ng . h a m o l o p a a ri o n s s n d rh F onl y person rho ar t uall) . r e p rp -e n tsrh e o i l c o mp a n l i n di re;r hi l h t hF pubr i. ,.l h p o p " rrl o r fi n d s h i l n s p l f i n l he" onts.r ambi guous position of being parr employe and parr small business:rnan.

It hasn't always been that way. Ten or fifteen years ago, a.co.diDg to o.e operaror NyC spoke to, there were m in) o p e ra to r ru n n i n g l h ei r oun bu.i nFsse.. e nsLg a s u n d e c a n t r r e) \ 'rnde r pn ltrn .e ldtrn b ra n d nome rh.l w ere jun s dling p a . T h tl h u d to b u v rh " ;r B s5 anJ oi t .omewc r c oblig F d .ro b u ) e \p r)l h i h E h o m l h" haj ort _ and lhnl s p lc d th c " n d fo r l h . i n d e p .n d enr..One afrFr the ot her r h. m a j o rs r.fu s .d l o s e th p i r p roduct5unt.ss l he retailers used their brand name - and sisned a lease on To get sone idca of what ir vas like to be an operator we taiked to a Regina Inan who has been in the businesslor

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I nr nx o' m y l e l l a s a s mi l l L ' $ i n c s .m d n sJs \l r. A dams lnor f ii. r al n s l l re ,.r.p l ) a n d h e l h o u g h rLhdrmor ol ,erarorq f " lr r h. . am . \,\ H e .d m i q t h o s a ;r. r har ,x,,,d,,) $a).5 the owDel-operarorol a 3.r ce station was an employe€_

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"omiani"irh { nr c n ne na"ld s rg n e dth e te a re , On€ irend has rnade rhe operator nore of an employee , I r ul ol t he s m p l i m. g i \.n h i m a b i l mo re se.urj ry _ ;nd that is thc rr_endtoward having atl operarorb.i8n iranch;e agr er m ents\l. r, A d a m s e .l ;m s r.srh ;l i n rh. ti i i rd )e.r of lhe lr an( hi.e y h e h , ttro rh i rd s o f rh F o p e rarorshav-si en" d t hal lv pe o f a p re e m e n r.T h e trs n .h i s " d" at ofhrs;me s e. ur ilr lo l h c o p rrd to r. th a r L h n d i dn.t ha!c bcfore. ' ' I luallt ah o p F ra ro r* i l l .i g n a fi re l e ar tea6eand \ahcr r h. . t r J m hi+ o fh " . i . a g u a ra n re erh a r rhe.ompanl w onl buir d anot h e rs ta ri o ni n d t$ o m i l e ra d i u.. B FGre l hat, i l the company wanted ro build two btocks away to meer changiog traffic parrd.nswe had no say nr the narter.', tr'hat does franchise rnean to ihe conpany? .,What . t hey ar e r r )i n s ro d o i s to .o mp te L F l ysra;da;di z" rhei r es ne r igh t n .ro !. t} . .6 u n l r\. T h " sppearenr" of rh.

- lalr on. lhc+ r\i .r. a e ra tl i n F i -.u p p o ,.d l o br rhe sdmc;n par h s r at io n . U i t .o mp a n i ^ . i i k . rh c b i . food .hsi ns, hsr. s pldomr om p rrrd b t s a ) o f p ri c e !. T h e ) .ompel eby l r)i ng

SQUEEZEPLA\

to out-do each other in their ability to brainwash people ro g.t jnto the habit ol going to "their" ourlers.

The greater the trend to$ard the lranchise arrangenert the less indeperdent b€come€tbe operaror vho take; partThe .ompani e rnormou. nari onal adr er r isins . dm paign are perpetuated!iahout consukation with rhe operators bur ar€ ca.ried out on a cost sharing ba6is.Ea.h op€rator pa)' part of the adyertisinf;bill.

The china, books and other goodies offered by the various compaDiesare also something rhe operarors have no say ;n. S r ha!" ro pav for the giir s se pive oLr rlo lhe .u.romers and.rhe companypa)! to r t he adr pr r i. inS.Bur the ginnicks don't work. A snall percentasefal {or-it bur nostly it!6 a $aste of time. T}te ontv succissful prornotion was th_etig-er tliis. People weDt c.azy abour rhe iiger raits A frer l hat rh. $ hol efr omori onrhi n* h a" a $. n"d ; er cise. ' C ompsni e.fol os rh. had of rh" i ;r; \ Jt . r psar dt p. sof r h. eth.ti venes.,ofany gi ten rypp of pr om ot ion:The op. r ar o ooes rne qork and pays the shot, The.operator.is treated like an enployee ,n omer ways a" sdl . " \v. srpni ro,al t o, i- "^ op". ur o* snt mo' p. l he .ompon)' uppo.ed ronts u. to .d t i our . elr es - dr ivesa\ qhsm" n" cnd thsl s hor rh,) rcf.r t o us al r hF m eelings Th" m.eti oss a,e.,tuatt) roorlt dLsuispd ppp r ; l|', w,npr. the " drr\pra) .at4mcn - arc Fn. our agFdlo s" m or . . rnl rodu.pd l o neB gi mmi .k" ohd proJur r s. snd gir . n t h. ' ' opporrxn;t)- t.otrkr parl i n rcnte.r s.Su. h m eet ing" r ak. pra.? €bdt rhi .F a ,ear and ta.r l or r ho or t hr ; da) s. trarrthc,ost ot th.6e ppp ral k. i s psjd by t hr opr r ar or s rhp op.ral or re morF and mor e r r f ar e. l in r hp sam c mann_er in Dhich he is labelled-as a salesnan.The neerings 0re ;drnri cal to sn) .onv.ol i on of ,at e. m en.in, lud; nS r ir . company inspired gung.ho atmosphere.

"Ve have spot checks by inspectors rhroughout the Iear - sometrm€sonce a monrh_ som€timesmaybe onl) or. a $mmtr.ThFt ner }otd r.l ionsl . on, pr c . you nasal and rhe l i kc _ f or $o. F l}ho haie the chand stati oh.Th€ i nsppcrors si ll gir e 1ou a m ar lr our

NEXT YEARCOUNTRY

OT SURPRISINCLYI\ HIS RECENT SPEECHES, DAVID LEwIS HAS inctudedoil "ompanies asprimFexrmptes ot corporareuellarcbum:.In I9o9,LewisreDoit_ ed,556of 681oil andgasproducers paidno

incomeraxesat ali. From loo4 ro 1609,Shelltlanada hadlolal Farlint: of g5| 7 rnillion,Lur owedno income tax thanks to the host of tax co;cessionswon by the oil industry..In 1970,Shell had to pa). g16 million rncometaxr Dut on net earningsof gl23 million that amountedto a rate of t3 per cent.

Another way to measureoil profits is to break down the cost of a gallon of gas at the pumps.After counting ali costs, from exploration to retail dealer mark-up, including road tax, there is 14 cents per gallon left as profit. With gasotin€salesin Saskatcewan oi 240 million gallonsannually, ihis meansthat Lheoil companie"lake $r0 million a year in profits rrom Stskat(Den3n Lonsumers.

AT THE PUMPS o l 0 h u n d rd - il lou s eL 3 0 l o u q p r p i s h l ti (k e l s i n L he barrel."

An o l h "r ol r hc s im m i,t ' o ffF fd ro L h " o p .,d l " r. i . i hp so-called "incenrivr plar" Ior enplolees. lt involves a p im *orl h ou- pJ . n f " r . \a mp h :f J n p mp l o \." -c 1 ..i l a n b.l l h e Eelqd bonu. -ui I0 , p l r- o r r,T F -u ,1 ,, h p rp " T hq ,Jo n 1, ^m " our and.J r i t L u l t,,-. h o fp th d t l h i s $ ill en .o u rd ir em t lo\ pF s r o ..l l fp o p l e l h i n e s th c ) d o nt ne€d. Some are uascrupulous I've elen heard ot cases where an employee will cut a {an belr and then seu a ne$ NIr. Adams doesnl usethe schemesund he doesn'trhink nost operatorsdo so. rlAs frr as trying ro .hear the customer it'6 not in the b€st ;nteresrsol the operators.tr'Iosrot us have regula.s and if you want them to come back Iou trear th€h We asked Mr. Adams rhat h€ thought o{ public conplaints about how garages overcharge lor tepair and haintenance trork. "For the naioritr of oDeratorsrhe same applies - you don't cheat rhi regutar iread and butter But repair cosrs !.e high - now about $8.00 an hour for ma.hine work fo. $hich the mechanc sers ouy $1t00. Hos is this e\ptai.ed? "Trventy rrars ago I was selling twice the ahount oI gas I'n selling todat but ny income is about the same. I didn't use to L;v€ a nechanic but now o!e. hal{ ml incone .ones from rha! end of rhe What about incone? Mr. Adans told us rbat his ayerageincorne over 25 vears was $10,000 a ]ear lnd rhat he made around that nuch each year. The most he ever nade was $15,000. Over the past six years it\ been sr€ad! ar ! l'uu r b 1 0 . 000.T hr - r . pr - " n r- x m d i u , ' h ' l ;n e i n ,.;l incon€ over hlenty-fire 1;ars ot sready i.{larion. For ten to t$elve hours a da). {hich most opjrators worK tsone. times sitr or seven dals a weekl $e operaror does seu to natch the hourlv wage o{ his nechanic.

Despite rbat the prlern.l giants Nould like th€ir NEXT YEAR COUNTRY

operators to believe all is not as rosy as th€ ginr.micks,pep talk6 and {fanchise guaranteeshake ir look. "One ol the newer operationsthe companiesare i.ro is rhe cut rat€ sale centres.EcoDo.Casfor exampleis wholly owned by lrnperialEsso, only you'lr *" ih" ti,,p".iut.r."o oi. uny ""*. ""-. open up i norhpr rg ular of rl ,. pfndu,t.. Thp.ompdn) .Jnl .tari on i n )our Jrpa bur rherr' " norhi ngstopti ng l h" m lr om ope.ing r cut rate gas station across the streer {rom you.

It's bee. done rnany times and oiren rh€ r€gular operator has no idea thar tho Econo.cas or whatever; is ow;ed by the sanerompany. Ail thesecentresdo is sell rhe producrthey won't even changette oil."

The operator of the standard brand nme outler, while not forced to do so, is encouragedto sell at '.competitive" p.ices whil6 morher Esso (or GuX, Texaco, etc.) b;il& the i l l u,i on ol al l o,,i ne.i ndeppndent compFri l i on . aB r:n a r Lhe expenseor rhe tol at empl o]€e, That's not all. AIte. torcing ope.arors ro expand their operatio.s into repair and naintenance work (thus increas inA thd and $orking hoursr Ly continued proli{er. rl i on ot-olefhead unnppdcdoul l ets,i t i s.utri ns i n on rhar end t oo.

The compani " .:re bcgi nni ngro op.n l drge. hi gh,ap o, ir l se,\,,e,pnrrp-i rrpri r.r,to morori -r- rppai r and mxi rte nance r.d.. ThF+ d,p .omps,,\ osnFJ Jnd ,un _ b) sa ls, ied .,nd , ommi {i oh mrnager-.B r h;ri ng fi rp or si r me.hsni. s rhp\ ,an td| \p bu.i npqsa\a\ hom the smal l op" rdtoh sho ohl ) ha\r Th.,. Jr ' ou' su.h centrFei ; R egi naend it's just the^nc beginDing. ,{ll is not well at morher Esso on $e other hand - or in the orlq oil board roons either. Appa.entty rhey have heJ!l rl -r rh. \l )P rot" rnmFnr i " i oi ns on. ot ir , ' ' -tud;pL or l hp oi r i ndu" tq and on" u.peq i " rh. .l j i , ien,y of rl ," oJti a.. Thp tsa| | pnI omrni -i " o,,on food .o,rs i n r he P rri r+ P rovi r," . " l ,or" d -uper.narLa. \erp opprar inear i n fpr.Fr' -..f,n.i r\ Th...,;F i - " ni marqt fo r Lhe j ndusrrl ayerage.etai l operator;n the oi' il..ur" and rhe, lave d-i d" ,l ro,,ri r otpni ni nFs ,,urJFrs !nti l ;hr \D p j p;de: Fo, hi - !d,r. Inrj u-rrr cnJ C ommr!e \ti ni ster Kim T1," r-.n h,- ad.-urpd L, .onrt,nn\ ,FD ..-pntdti \r<lhar m1l ;n: p,ofi t. i - rhpi r I.d,i ne-; dnd rhar l or l he NDp osoership anrl profirs are not rhe issue.tr wi be interesring lo see if he doninates lbe parr! on rhis natter.

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are unsure $'hether oil should b€ a priority for the qovernmeDt.\\ie are certainly not preparedto advoin lhe induslry. iate generalnationalization I asked him about the int€ntions the co-op had for its own oil activities.The ans er was not encour_ aeine. "Oil is not slrfficiently related to our rnember n6edi. and. therefore.we plan to r€duce our crude in AlLerlr.\t; plan 'ro n"tr oil explorarion opFrarions lo lhe u'e oi risl moneyin .r;l:v'ry.\\'e a-e upposed oil.

"We woutd like to increaseorlr mark€t sharein rhe rur.rlmdrlcr,bu se do nor plan any majorpenetration of the urban market."

He l{as, however.qllite optimistic about the pros' pects of a hjgh rate ol retLun for the co op intensive feedlots.

rn#*,

Gi\en rhe nrip .I|uc,Jr. . rrLli.hF4L\ rhe oil .rr.el ,he no-r rrofr'111, ,, iri,) :. ?r rhF lp\pl oi crude produclion, not refiniDg of rctail dislribution.

The diiference ir Saskatche\'rarbetlleen th€ average total costol producinga barrelof crude($1.41)and the av€rag€"$etl head'price of that barrel ($2.48) is {i1.0?.Sincethe oil comp!Djesextractt0 nlillion barrelsof oil annurlly lfoln Sa-qlatclewanirells. thcir grosspfoiits on c.ude operationsfre in the order ol $90 million.The co!1 es{inlalesof 51.11per barrel come fron Oilxeek. a respcctedtrade jorfnal of the CanadianPetroleumTndustry. \\iho can put a stop to this treNendousdrain on our resources ? Thc ferleralgoYernnrent -qhould,but it is drifting into a coDtineDtal ener$'policy. $'ith tbe notabieexceplionoi the \.Iional En€rg] Board's decisionlast )ear to ban a hngo natural gas saie to the Lr.S..it has leen rnrpreparedto challengethe oil

HAT ABOUT THE CO OP IIOVEIIENT? The Regina Co-op Relinerr' $as brih in the 1930sl)) Saskatchewan co operators prepared,iD the Dridst ol depressionand with limiled linaDcial and technic:rl re sources. to tacklethe giantcorporations of the indus! ty. I decidedto talk to a seniore\ecutiveoffic€rof FederatedCo-op(who aflted ro reDrainanonymous) to lind out $helher the coi)p nrovemeniis still preparp,lro $.rsF:r fi.I' si,h Ihp.il in,lu-rr).

I eDteredthe new l-ederaredCo op office building in Saskatoon,went up in tbe elevator,and steppedout onto the thick caect of the sth floor. \\'alLing be twecnhardwood-linedwa1ls.I passedthe spnciousand luxuriousboar(lroonr.arxl iinall)' enteredthe executive suite.It $as oblious that tinreshave changed,and the Clo-opwilh iheDr.The snroothelevaior with the finger rouch controls.the carpets.the discreetsecretaries. ths opulent boardroonr,the hardwood lining the walls, the oifice stereo the] ali i ply status.

The radical organizathn of )ears goDebtr has made jt into the $'orkl of corporatecomfort. The Co-op is not going to the lrrrricarles.In guarded tones. our c\Arrive pxpliine,l TI'" co-on is pre "eninrLo-up pared to anallze the oil problem objectjlely. but we

bv the stairwa]. Out on 22nd Street I lelt asain. I lolted aiross at the fo!ndations ol the burntout SiskatoonCo{p Departnrentand Food Slore. It ha.l been a financi;l diaasterwhen standing, and is as the co-op continuesto a financial disasternow sell- There is some_ it cannot a site taxes on Dav 'thinq tragic about the co-op,or ma)'bejusl pathetic rt hir foisaken its radical traditions. but in its new caDitalist.it has met with repeated role as resDectable com.mercialfailures. Havins lost its old fri€nds who suDpoft€dit out of an ideologicalcommitment to a ir ir iorncl L'y ir" ne$ cor,ol,re'"". pl-ir',-^pl.). porjre .olt"a;r* :. a Iumbline roun rl hi'k The onl\ orqanraliol har nrighlin'pr!cnein lhe oil in hr.rrvi- rheprovincirlgot.-nrnnr' \\'hArFr. irs choices,and does the cabinet have the courageand inaginationto act?

For comic relief $e n;ght recall the solution to llalor Harry rhe Drob'Fn ofhre I L,r RF;inz. LiL,eral rtolier. On a R"gina -Jdio holline he publiclv thanked I perial Oil for having beenin Regina these many years-sinc€1916when the companylirst built the local refinery. llayor $'alker's shuffling and gro'r'' Putting a-qide basic options for tackling the ar€ three elling, theri oroble-. One is incentivegrants 10 encourageprivate investment in Saskatcheranoi1. ?resumably Dave 5 p,r:rr_sd. .upportingIhi. opti^n $hen hp $a' auorLJ la'l O rol,Fr '1 Ihc Re:ina I eader_Postisurelr the goterrrtenr'saprol h ro 'he lmperralOil affair should be to sit do;n $ith the companv and like reasonabl€men try to n€gotiateterms whereby Imperial Oil will stay in Regina. . ."

HE LEVEL OF SLTBSIDYREQLTIRED TO INDLTCE J]IPERIII, OIL VOLUNTARII-Y TO I\\:EST in n€w refining capacilv $irh'n S.r.trr,be$jn sould bp prohibilive.

Inp.ri.rl $.uld plrr Sa-11,'he$anoff a-qainst llanitobi in an attempt to jncreasethe subsidy could not win at such a crazy offersl Saskatchewan ganle becauseour $ealthier neighbourscould, and would. out-subsidizeus.

If refineriescan't be kept h€re by bribes, maybe a nlrmberof threatsare in order: _ a increaseroyaltiesi NEXT YEAR COUNTRY

,

CRUDE OIL COSTSPER BARREL These cost €stimotes.coverthe five-yeor period 1966,1970.They demonstroTe rwo foctsl (l) Costs ore significontlylower in,Western Conado thon in the US.A_ rzr lhe crude pricing s)5te'n inoosed by rhe oil (orrer - ot $h,(h tmperioris the price ollo'4slo. exorb,ronrprofrls ro be eorned by rhe oil conponiesor rhe crLoe re!er.

Alta, Expforotionond Dev€lopment Costs,totol Explorotion DevelopmentDrilling Lond Acquisition ond Renrol Producing Fociliiies

..

Producing ond Royolty Costs, total ProducjngCosrs Royolties Toxes ond Other Totol Crude Oil Costsper Borre'

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AverogeCrude Price per B onel (1971) O rcslri

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a tax oil producisreiired out of pfovjncear a olscrrlnrnai0r],f.|le ; a .Bilt ot Riglis Io. s€rvicestalio! ar esrablish operalors In o(ler Lo ircelherrrfro|n rhe p ni trvc contraclsin)posc(l upon ihe|l1by rhe oil . companres, ThesereforDsare flll x,orlh$hilein th€nrselves.

Olerall Sasl{rtche$.rn oil rolalLies,rran averageof approrrnratel,v 12 per cerr afe lover even thRn Al_ ber ,r's /appor\ir rrarrl\t( n,r..nr, In,l ( ar,.tian royallreiare .L'l,"taIli.lly lo\rr th..n r rhp I nired slile:- in) reforr, rh:rt rp.lri,r. lhe lFjrt B,,p r\"r cisedLy rhe orl .or.,p:rnips o er oil -c-pr!e. n r-r ats^ be welconled,but none oi these measureswill force a,nraror.oil ,orrpany ro t"ritd a rplinFry hFrp I nc orr rndustr')ha. a renrrrtdLlF,,Liti v to ,1eie"r l}le Lesrresularion:and rrrcs. For cxalr_ptethc industry may collude to pass royalry increaseson ro lhe ,urtornerlhrouehhigher ferait DnLes.The n€r resull$ould Lc aq if rhego'ernrrrnrhrd in.rp".p.lLhe rodd rax a( Ihe purnp. lhF gorqrnmenrro.rl,1h:ve .. thc publi. ko.rid pj1 h rher priL.. and rne^rndu_stry soutd erperienrelit|lp Lhantc iI rhc profjtabilit) ol its operations.

TIIIRD OPTIO\, SUPPORTED BY THE SASK-\TaHEIVAN IEI)DRATTON OF LAtsOUR aDd th€ \l'affle, is ro creaie a ' provinciaily,bwned crown corDoration S_askoil- ro op€rate as an dlegrated oil conrpany kon) sc .h.rd to qaspump To unde^,anrl lne econonrics oI thi:.oprionwe musrunder.landwh) relnefl€s are presenflybeing closeddown I}{E rlr I

NEXT'YEAR COUNTRY

.. .. .

O 42

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$i. O. Twaits,Cbairnran of tbe Boa.dand Chiel ExccxlireOlfn.erol lnpe.ial Oil. rried to blaDrerhe .lo.'rrp, t Tn'tcr:l - RFr; J rpfir-r\ on the , ^Tnrny s ncn\i'.,,r,F rrl ,|,.Ic.Iir|L rhJr lhey 'on.Frn fur $anted to produceno iead and lorv-lerdgasolinesani that the old refinerieswere nor equiDdd to do so.

Thn ua- \er) n;-tea,linsr! -ay thc l;dsr. .\r retrrrv.l] ro$ , n. . thp e\n, rS rpf.rpriF:roild hive been adapledto prodlrcethe new fuels_ . The r€al explanatiur for closuresinvolves trvo srmple.econonricfacrs.Fjrst, the existingreljneries afeold aDd obsotescent and need ro be repJacerJ. Secondly, t€chnical changeshave resul{edi! rower unlr refining costs in targer relineries. l.he combinalion nlaliesit econonicallyrdtional ro buitd a few centratIconornically, ao integrated crown,ov/nedSas. katchewanoil company is quite f€asiLte.Saskatche_ $an s.rerailma.lFt. Si0 nr Ilion oa ons "npru\i.lrarFty or r.rghitLel satcsannurll). is ldr:e cnoushro allow an rn eerd'F4.ron"-ri..r.$I ol,^rlodn\ all needed e(onon.ie.of <ah for an pffnie,rrr;rin;ry if ir has.the prolincial marker ro ilself. If ai1 "provinciai iuel nFed. scre .uppl;c.l lrorl .ronre-ri,;efineries 5dskal,haan so l'l requrp app1.\irra,ely70000bar. relc.p.r 'la) oI rpfininq,"pJ,:rr 5d.kOit.rhc pro. vrncrar, rowr oit .olporurion.$ould havero .on.rru.r - maybe adjacent ro the $,€yburn Estevan oil field - a new meclilrm-larg€reiinerv. Saskatchewanconsumes only one third as much oil as ,! p.oouces. rre.enrl). of (ourse..in,erhF Reena-Ilood Jas re rnerF., rre i n-,rear.r L,\ lnrFrpro\jn(ialpipetine rrom lh. lrrJ.< prod , inA \a-k r'.hc$an fiplds thosein rhc\tclL, -n-Fste\anareil . rion S/star(he. wan cfu,h h c\po e,t ca.rs!rd. and Sa.kdrchewan rerrneri€s useprimarilyAlbertacrude.

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BEWARE OF THOSE WHO WOULD SERVE TWO MASTERS "ll I had not beend leader in rhe no!.nent, holding etery lanie^' pasition in that noftnent honL sec. retarl ol a counuy local to the secorul lishest ollbe in the silt ol the olsan. ization, | .lo not beliete it ;s l;kely 1 uouLl haue ]*en intited to become( nrcnb?t ol this garcrnmc ."

-

C. A. Dunnnry (ln Sask.Legilature,1919J

When Canada's ruling elite have to deal with challengesfron people's movements they resort to vdious $ a ) s of s af eguird j n B th e i r p o re r.

On e oI t he $r ls i s to re n d e r rl e leadership of the challengirg organ. izations ioeffective and there are rwo common meaN ol accohplishins rhis.

On e m eansi5 t o use i h e ;a k e d p o " e r o I the s t at er o k jll. i m l rj s o n o r e x i l e the leade$ ol the peopte.The other is to co.opt leaders by o{fering then power,.realth or privilege on rhe pretens. rhat such mores are .onc€ssions to the people. This usually involves pultinA leadersin a conllict ot interest situation lhere rhey spend nost o{ their time apologizing to rheir own people for the actions of th€ author. ities and discouraging then {rom protesting on their own behalf. The worth of a l€ader to his peopl€ ca. u su ailrbe juds ed b ) rh e c ;mta n r h e ke e psand t he des re ero $ h i a h h e j r reviled bI the state authorities and the birsinessconnunity. Ii a leader in a farm or labor organization trecones an inportanr functionary in th€ stat€ or corporate apparatus in o u r 6oc ieh it iq B en e ra l l )g o o d p o l i c y to d is o$n him $ir h o u r d e l a r. H e i 5 either beins lessthan hon€st $ith the rank and {il€ nembers or is too naiv€ to be of any use to th€m.

Our history is lull o{ eianples of the two methods of dealing wirh trouble nakers or potential irouble NEXT YEAR COUNTRY

nakers. Sonetirnesthe state execures them !s they did with nany ol the leadersof the 1837 rebellion and Nirh Louis Riel and several othe.s sheD rhey led their people asainst the federai aorernmenr jn 1885. Sometines they are driven into exile as Nere william Lyon Mackenzie and GaLrjei Dunont. Often rhey ar€ im-

pri3onFd as h.ere Bis Bear. J. S. \t ooJsrorrh.Ti m B ucI snd hundr eds o{ olhrs in thd history o{ peopl€'s struggles in our .ountrr. Th6 more cohmon expedientis {or the business. poljtical etile and their collaborators in the mass media ro resort ro lillifi. cation and chrracter assassinationin an attempt to discredit Eriliranr

HazenArgue

TomasCrerar

W. R. Motherwell

C. A. Dunning t7

Mreat olDosed rhe establish'nentof a r hougn rP sson rl pc' ent Th. S or,.t.

I t ' vas C rerar uuul d ne\q ' dmit pr or t r s j nterterc r h€ h t thol i t mi A ht , f t ni te,l C rai n C roners lt e eLec' Lron$di n" qonP r " \er \1r r n Lr er ar .nd hi 5 Jol l oser' \' re ' l jcker r ngvt r n ro the Liberals behind the scenes 3 Lr er ar Iofl n a c,' al i ti oni ' ^ernm ent DNo l dt t . . t o i r' nnL. l reLe i ntenl i onr lne a nes rrsrtvt. s' ri oul \ chdt lenge r elor m eo o i i A e tu. buL w nrrs our slcceed not did He Part-v Libefai ano l rut ,l xri ni th" n' rt {e$ \ ed6 he dPsr r oy t o mrnal ed hi m ,,rhetsl j kc o1 t he kdd 'one anJ P roFLasi \ethc cd!1rts L' tr,k i nto rhe L Lber alr ar l) C rerar l i ou Jue+ ed i t l - lt cr m . a nr s Ie.l er.l , dhi netmi ni .tP rand endeu r uct r onar Y most oj the ne rar.er r' , rn rnemlcr. o{ rhe C atradianSenat e hi s dd\ C ,errt had ' er! ed t he eslanagr ar r an l i ql ment\el l h\ chann elLing De unred cl ofP P drh' " hit h $ould or cen_ Lr r '16 i !l i nE harnl er. l " th" ta1 Canada frunni nS .l l other$l l 3nd Cr er a' h e ,l i !i P l €' todr\' Lhoughr nanY ne rho fol l oi j n l hei r l ooFt els 'nal m isleader sor Ther unaraLe o{ i t gener alr loe q.nar.. ca n communi t) ".,r,,.,, , the fnrm $heat iil"'i" .,"o an\ at { oun,l on t}e P Latform ddnSc r ' The o ne s * ho s Fr p m s P t ed J l h p . o u n t r \ r h r o L . h--,i1,'i"" \\orl,r.$al I' ool cnn\Fnti orr'Tl Lel at e nuner ous \ : r l lhr ' r , p up u ', ou s $ e,c rhp on", wh^ l. pl l. { r , r " , b e . d , , \ l i r , i - l p ' ,t co-oper.ti \e,cr(Ji t u nion and com ' co nra rls hilh lhe { dr m m moni t)-3Luul ,.on\ eni ion' : "T't iT* one ot Lhem.an be loun'r - . chd ng ( on_ the sS ri .ul Luralpanela i 3n i\ ur rne are the) $als vention. ln some .Fr ibu'iness. r om the best { ri end; muni t\ cl ul d h.!e Th e) t 'ill alssv' nreac} ccuti or ro the ir f ollo$er s. lest ihe appl", srt be upset and they lose $ r i 'i f!!our n i th 1l ' ep.opl. sho pr e- senr r l a' spnr_ardrs \hile .or,lin uin i l" b, r ^. k ar ul' on f ie f d r m I n o \ F a e n r hol d oorcr i n our "ociel) . lt t heY the h eight s o{. t heir ,.ant ro ' ec.hp" rhap s t hev shoDld r' red.res.ors l rP | nr' o h" d r o . n, l u p o p " n l \ l i :h ri r,: $ h en l h. po,ernr' enl ' l oul nFi dduoL.s thei r morrotht $or ds of an i nfamour A meri cdnpolit icolbo5s. .l .een my thancr and I t ook em ' p o rr! b \ b p re mJ n . s ar ded hr h i ! o . o," l ,.t .u.h pr^rFr trom,..rons n hder al L i b .ra l .J l .i n e l mrn r!rP r' o l rhF fa,m mdFm.nl bdl .Lre' $

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l8

TheyGot TheirMan Major Lashnore, the leader of two platoons o{ R.C.}I.P" fell of{ his horse during a dot at rhe Saskatoon Exhibition Grounds, on NIay 9, 1933, becoDiDg one of the {irst martyrs in the R.C.}I.P. crusade asainst inter. national communlm.

In the 1930's the Exhibition Grouds in Saskatoonwere used as an emergencycamp to house the D. elnployed.Durins the sprins o{ r9$, attempB to organizeits reidenrs into a unio. of unemployed were met with rcsistance from the provincial government. Mos! oI the organizers were single nen and known ro R. B. Benn€tt'sConse ative governm€ntas danserous subrerdres. Therelore an order to send fifty single men to the R esj nacamp to al l erj ate(r owdins i, r S askatoon ras l ooked xpon ! , it h suspicion by the unenployed. this suspicion.$as shorvn ro be justilied wheD, on May 6, the names of lifty nen were posted and contain, ed most ol the agitators, They re. fusedto go. The residentsof the canp rallied around the organizersright .; stay in the camp lhe1 rvished, usually rorked closely with the state Th€ suthori ri es di d not aar ee authorities and the emplorers. ri th the unemp)o1e,J and csiled t he Alel Lockboad Prcsident ol the Uounties - to so in and get rheir Anticonrnunist Leasueol Flin Fton) nen. Two platoonsof mounra Dotice. to R. R, Benne lune 26, 1935. led by the ill-fdLedXIajor l-ashinore.

Anti.Communist "The Leasue of Flin FIon js a non{olitical, non.sectarian charpedthe di ni ns hal l ar r he cam o around hoon ." M,, 4 L, . h^. , ; . organization. It stands lor the rurhthe only casualr1 {ell off his horse less supressionol Commu.ism in all but his foot caught in the stjrrup. He its forns. Should our actilities bring rvas dragged the {ull lenglh of the us i.to contact Nith the laN, $e still charge and finall) cahe to rest, far shali not hesitateas we deen Canada allv injured, in lront o{ the Sta. to be iq dire peril at the present Phoenix rest house. monert and no sacri{ice any of us na1 nake will be considered too The police arrested 26 of the g.eat a price! if it in turn preserves people who wefe attackedand chersou. country {rom the R€d Nlenace." ed them with rioting. They harched lThe lefter contirues rirh a lensout of the camp to a sai ri ng noving thy p!.aa.aph dehaDding risorous vah a. the R C N IP had n n paddl action djrainsi the "reds." Ir denoun. wagon big eDoush for fiis elent. ces "foreign" agilators and othel The next day the hovins r.n took allesed rrotrble make.s.) the prisoners to the lraib station to Beanett's teply to Lochood. send then in a sealed coach to the Iuly 8, 1935. jail in Princ€ Albet. But th€ unemYou should communic.re Nirh rloled citizens got there {irst. The ihe Attornel ,Ge..ral o{ NIan;toba. coach was draped with red flaes and as under our CoNl;tutio.. rratters as it left th€ station ihe pri6oners of Ihis kind cone under his inside joined in with th6 crowd for jurisdiction. However. if vou will a clorus of "\le'll hang R. B. Bennert send me in confidence the nanes ot on a Sour Apple Tree." rhose to {hom vou refer I $ill ascer.

Lashnore lives on in RCIIP iain $hether or not ir is possilll€ to accounts as a hero. The organizers deport then as undesirables. of unemplored $ent on to l.ad the Congratulating you upoD tour famotrs trains that were stopped on fine senseof public duty as a citiz€n th.;r Nay to OrraNa in the Resina Riot the next year.

LAW AND ORDER In th€sedays when our politicians are cohstanlly talking about "law and order" it is a good idea to exaniDe what th€y realiy nean by it. Sometimes we can get sond ctues L,y exsmining rvhat some o{ ou. leaders m.ant by it in rhe past. R. B. Bennett, Prime Minister oI Canada, lron 1930-1935, {as one of the great exponenrsof "law and order" durine a pe od of jntense social unrest. It was Benne.trho declaredthat social. ists, communisrs and other elenenrs alleged to be against law and order should be stampedout rvith "the iron heel oI ruGlessness." ts€nnett. ho$. firn belieler tlat the law should b. applied differenrly to differenr people. The letters quoted belo$ are not at aU untypical of many rhich have been preerved in the BeDnett Papers in tbe Public Atchives of Carada.

The Anti.ConhuDist League of Flin Flon appears io have [een a Iisilante group of the type which existed i. many towns and cities throushoul Canadadurinc the 1930's.

They speialized jn ;rinidation. shike breakins, runnins leople out oI town and somerines resorred to tarring and feethering and similal cowardlr acts.They seemedto thrive especialh ir towns like Flin Flon \rhere working people sere auempt. ing to stand up for their rights. They NEXT YEAR COUNTRY

t9

HonestUis our PolicY in, Si'lr loon OLat" r U Jri i orP orarc ' i ri zP nship trat Sa'r r" zz. rH e Qrl \E|..9\ r s ,l.ii,l'tl N n^t trrc r,,.'.X1i'" " l t \l in 2rrrr i*".ii".j R U L L E Da \T 5 r lll L I\ i' no' a n ' r -'o t $orld 'h' or r."i.r.""i' i; L-PJ,lb:'kc' i t ' r rru n l :H l l n o \\ \' onehr r ndr cd i;:'.1, ;i,," io qr"in. r'h'' nus be ^r some

men an'l women lost ana tnu.ntv_tiu.

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GOALSOF QUAKEROATS

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prelerentialtarilf. Sincethe $ar Quaker Oars has bxiit plants in the LrK 10 iill rhal (leDrandteaving th€ Snshaloonptrnt with crcesscapacity. llour exports have not lared much beller. By r967 th€ Saskatoonplant operared at onl) 67 per c€nl ol capacitv.an.l l)l tbis year it r'as do{n ro 50 pFr .cn . .\ 'hc j1r F r",-Qr"tF r,.r:.rpan.^n. lur-lhp t-oIr' .,1 olnF- lro,.-.F, fuu,l-r.,orrph,p

rn I c lP r l, , - ' 0 .r" l r' ,, ^l I n pan t he d c c l i n e o f C a n a d i a n tk ,u r txpons (oir l) 12 t er c en l o l o L rr $ h e :rr j s u ri l l e d i n Canada) i : du. or hF I.i -:r h " rJ j , ,r' I p ur r . , r ' 1, , nr iP ,:. - ,,.\.. I l ,\ rh . h i l n I r' :n i , on. l, ir t or . ,r - l i ,,,,!, ru \.1 .1 -rrr rd_ vant r ge of c heapl x l )o u r a n d . i n \\ e s l e rDErro pc. rari ft p r olec iion a. d ol h e r i n c c rl j y e r.

Canr r iian ex p o rl s h l re p l u n rn e te d i n ure rafe of tlris competiikD. \\ e e\porled ?6 lri ion hun.lr€drveight of llour a fte f th e $ i f, a n (] b v 1 9 6 9 ihi s had fa l len b lc s s t h a n t1 n ttl i o n . A t' i h e s a D re rrme cl om es t icnee( lsr o s e l )r.D i ! 5 mi tti o n , w i L h u re resurr th a t ( ' r nadia. p fo rl n rl i o n s h ra n k b , l 0 D ri tl i on hunclredseishl ovcratl. \ \ hilF ol l l .' . . ,F .,ri n o .,,.,,,,.rj l e '..

-,t-, ' ,l F ,.tu :.,:,t n Fs r - r , I n ,r rer..,rI nP 5. - 1. r ' , i. \ In ' ,,ri I ri . O ...,, - O i l . d u n R oLi n Hood, 11cresubsidiaries oi -\nreiican corDoratbns. The r'.S S r lF J . . ri -' ..r1 .o .,,1e n .,rr.r-,.r rr.,Je ' r . \\1r r '. o, ' . ' I r . ,u I r' .- s } : h l " rh ,h e -, " ,[N ri F. h. ,r:h A:r (--F -^ r pr-r rre of 9 )..1 ., I !c ,o zn r . t r r I , r r s | o ti , \ " ,r,:rro Tr i i 4 ta .r , Frr ol r anr , t r . . t , , . J i r F , h F I r\R o r,x p ^.r ro " t r' u r ' x . L, u, LF \ d . .rro ,n r i l ' h .r' r,. o " -r i n l hi , mpr y . 1nr ' , , lp. Ou | , I n ., . h : I d " " ; " 4 6p o,, Ie h. , lJ ' h. r r ul. r i . rr .,u -.. $F " ," ,,) q o Lr l. l r il' , pr nor " n ,J .h i r I,ro .l ,,- i to .r rtn r .. :r rv I ubi .

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NEYT YEAR COUNTRY

. ..Tr:-.,o- t-onj ,,r,. ," .r' i L i nn h.r ,, eFn in r t , ' rcr' r ot i .dvF i -i ni Orpr i 0 JFJ.. rP anprh' p ot 4r.r H .nr\ P Jr.on: , r,,.\- rhp , , r I. r) sa our ro cl i r .i ra,. i . ,ont" ri ri ,n ard r. , i. t . t r e ,,t-,:l i ,u. Fr L\ .tpnl i ns ,i -i\ Ft r ' .l nl Ffl ,dn ,,n nn ronrl J,l rFri .rnB Th? ?.,rtr. tr.,t, hcpr,. r in- i . a. .ron to oth€r corporation lead€rs evcr sjncc. trom l o06 l o l ot , l he,.,r.pi n! ,.r,l n ha\. ,o r o r , . { a ,crl -. rl q.ri pi ,' F\pJn.ron $ r. i r,r,.F.t ,u r , t , iF our ot.proti r.. rnd rhcr" r:. .r,ore, Lfr . r 'r r -f t"r!

The. Qualef symbot was choscn ro pLoject an . i nl r!e ^l ' ru-r{,,-i h nF.. rr,d i , $ ,. n.,. , , . , i1r r n er.rr ,-r,p n.rr.t. si ,!: . i , rr l i pr,to-., I p, . rt.. .ampi i rp. tr," trr, r. ,,r.r4r, pr' ' .F.ri ,.on:, 1. ^r ( H. . . , , K t,rh rnl rhF Iri on q nr' rt l -l - Lp r.rrrLr r U. , . . / . f.F..nttp. r,. t.,,.,,. .r,l ' a" n-p /e,orrc-r.

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'nol rr'lu-'r,\ i":r i,l.n i"i'"1;' 'lol,lh rhFr ,'' i1 ' h' rr.','F'p n! r i'b: rJj' ex peno' r ur c b qx ' c ' Pvoi N Ad'; v er ;'I.i t t s r ng .."'p"nr;r l i i ai i wh as '" iole ; . \i spenl is dollar tt'".un.u'"' i, p* ."nt ,li ;L; ln la. ] udr\ Ih : )e - rl tP h e F ' ^ l r ' ' fi \i nq :' l l ' " p ' ; r rr' !l ' trf i F' i" - " " i' : " ' " " r r i. in., 1,"I'n ag -r 'o'"l.rn-cL' l"i-.,1

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Ihe n.Jrn I tr 'lL'-. i*J"'C","i."i"" lo:0 rhF l{i- I o'r' In r^"rr 'a J drd Letweento,o Throrqh JLorrr lc0 L'r'r1'' J{ "r'"1 rrPn ri"r*i"" rhP) n:l "t r rr'r pr' I ' I'ar' Ii""iLi.:.r 'r;:" r"t ' !i"l | :".,lii,i"irt aitt"*"r:,re'r ;rr'l '' --""'' ' h:' \ll 'Fi Irlr t r'i"lour an'l indLrsl ol thc ""iiii;"". slructure nonopolv r'"'."a 1L""". "tur"a ry."

1ll) The resul r' ordin: ' rhPI lr sr' J ri r'i'n' rir'i F' proi'' pri F-, i(P i.rl"tJ.;;;"1 -x o{ ;; ;;",r.' ; i;;"i,i'"" ,n" 'n ."-"r' t r r''c-irr L'F n :^.-inPrr it",."'.n' .;'i;;i;r;"i' * l'''''gr' if rrF i"ii,i*,;i tr rhc o'r''o.e or rl'i' '

; i . i ; ; t . ; r - ' . ,;'l ,,.e rr'h n ),r'i "', s rr ''o r or \' n- '

The peflornrance ol the irreaklast lood corl)rag ro l rn(l s even t ions has ' r ec e n tl y b e e n c ri ti c i z e d o n tha'n price lixing aDd profiteerinA lt ;;; r hlr lh F p n ' l r r' h " r ' ' 1 \a ' , ec r n-";;;

to take the job at Quaket. But as his 1[ife not€d, ' is rio betr"r rhan anvthins else -i";;ii;* ;d"' inntl"inonlai..itt' 20 vear' scrvi'e slarPdthal lh€ errDlo\ec. rPrP xngr) all righl bul serF more ' r'r",i l'. roirg Io Le pre'ry roughgPltinga ne$ "job '' The union shop steward,Alex Conponi, has put in 28 rcar. 1. r ilour parker'Hi' rFacion $as more

and ;\il;.;il];,i. :r"r. ii," ir. P,ofit-'omerirsr. dFvelop' lhi' is naLural '2ir' fnr a bu''ness 'econ'larv,'o down Lo ";;;tl"'r" i*'i'. ril"";r,om".ii.lr rhe communiv iL of rh-P for :ooJ i" l" t'"' Io be puLli'll 'onrr"llPd l hen rhe l*i^ ""'","i"",t t die '".ii in it, it wouldn

ii,i'iii"iiv I'". an ;nvistmeni

as quicl.ly as this " Studiesin Saska' Tbe Institute for Saskatchewan n oi.,"',e r'' meerinron rre 'hrrrdornshi'I wa: ar rhe.PmplolePS ' hpld oilla) l?. fhP 'tarcrrerrrs.of rlar rrcF'nt \Le-einlere:lingan l reveanng L\RL\CL - is n

L\O\5. bI TJ\ESS \GE\.f.FOR

ir r - r r ' t r s t o o D. \ \ D \L L IEr l ii-onrrrt, Rt..\LLLIJ How rHFIR

nrn ..Fn planr". oqcin T\loo'pJaw l{lor silh 200 ,s.,,, ,.i,h 800 Roojobsr i;l^ Robin RoL;r Hood,$ith iS"iit, planr' "iti' pcr food ,d Oar' QJal"r ;o1,-, 5"'1, r urr"nr i.-,.r, oo :,r - and Ucl\:itF 'S*rlL, sirh, ?00job-s)r00

jnl'. o Lhep-ntinre rs i:en"r"1:,rr i- i. I lo--oI I wereownedbv planls these i" iir"-i^ii io y** .qttof me rh P . , 4 , " , ' o rn ' i' i. " " " . i: " ; , " i ' rrr" n r e . j uaur ' r c arne $orP proIiF ji ir r,l.ed nr{ thc

so-\ed and then lelt ' mrchiner\. " n,,"'ni,A uorrrtd for rhe Qua\er Orr' planr for \ I \ .ri rou-'. n nembpr' o' hi' farilv hrd been ;;;;;;;; .,",r.(,rr'i .'r 'r* \ r "'r'' '".,r' itJnI 1r' ' rq' {r"rn 'u'eper o.suprrnlench .o, P I' r' ' l .

Conjr r e- ionr l I o n rri l ' rrtl"r.e' nn ' ' r' - are alnhsl delon] or l lhe r t": He 'F 'rdrc o" lhF plant anl1rne ce;€als drv J.a?a il"t the ""r rl' t lr n nrachinervand concludedthat it is "good enougnto .i*'"t. ar4 hrrhqu' 1 l"o ra "iiirli'.. rP r mn ior iean. \ew machin€r] cannot produce anv f.i '"y"" t l rhehe1'|e' i1 'l:\ J n '\" l' ' ' "n in ':' Hp rur"r rhi rh-eFDe'rle. 'lirh Ihe "i r"rr". iJ";." ;;i"l ;"",'"- - . c.n. rt"ll, i|. l Jr'r:rh "i r' 'rouu,;", r'' F' |'r o r' .",- , 1r prod.r(e i' 000 w"rrh of .'l.i .r nur. h"r rh' iiii "'Fj ',l.rl.' ' smallest thc .nc prlied ricc "prui'le f],r Lr r ir i"l*, anrl b) \-icror $J' rF | ' : ii* t'o"'. oo"'ar:nn "rii"J p" Lou frr'r+' "-h' ) 'leq ribed sorkrne i"nl1"r. '.rt" l'ePn rr'' hr4 rh' planl ",t"'i* r'1 of J' | i. "t | l Drl! -,.\ larL il"v a,e, ho'."'-, '-v ^n ^i'.:: )d i.,;-.' ; iob p"'...' ,oi'" i'v rhP^Q'rJ\eroar' rh" rhe prn,e"edi""d in l'r Ir\ i' li nlrnr or,-hr'",1 r"il"d o|'' for r.rrrr\' Rob:n Hood "i "*l-;'i' n.ar \ 1ll thar sa' di'' r:bured t"."" '." i O'l"t'", i. s",rl , r,l.' 'r an l \ll,er:r The ^nl) orher rol ed l\ tkli l\C \ \ lr T \ - \ - \DV E RIl\t\G. .. \\e.r,11 canrLrdi' o!'lv:e' in \r:n'I' ;,': \\I] cO\TRoL. l,l.i LlIlr' \ o iiUtrr ';;,.';;;" 't pern \ l< T "i*".'ir,; Ol|,t,", onr' ,onprl) soul'l n 1n'l i p itirnt- \t<n \l rH n tnR \r' .'Hr e err oprarion ru hd \c t'. -; of ,- l i ir'i 'ar' U " -i * -- p ri .' i ,-- o ' Qu l tp r plan.t0 Thav h:nerv rrd dF-rr' \ Ihc ",'-' ,' r"re t il.. "not ; , t " s l r| p ri s i rg . th e n , i h a t th e .s a me l )rsrc prl n ,'' i" ;i.i', .". 'h. - noconolroo'ir'onLr di'tribtrS:r srh i d',l,n. ,;" ;;*-,ol'li; .'ol* Oru\pllnt - finrr LhcPererLornuBhr3l' $irh-rhe follnwin: On'Jr r) r0 loro H LLI\tJrLl riorL r.ir-" hi' en"ei il'. r'o' ' ''11 Fi ;:i ;r*'o 'Qi 'trr " . . ' r "i ' r " !' ' i' Pr :r'o,,r1'h"v i i i . r "*"."lnpt"i".' arp closinerhe Se<L;toor *".ri.i,"': -i"A i"+"toon ,na r"ln rhe "'rrplot'e rhlr hP $r' ' on p'oducLi"n Lo PPrPruo'ou'hBur .frr I -l;t'i"; iia""t'"f tr'; r..e:r'',' qr^sr\ ^i \\'' Prn I rd1 i'".rr i",'i. ol Ih; lrls' lP:iJari^nir rhe I'n;rF'l ot"" ttt' o tp 't'1 InF 'r'\ r'orr i i 'r'"' ."'.-. i n," t;, h:r $ilhin air'' ]Par' rhe Pererhor"rJ 'll"rhi. p".'"-'."n," lr It' l rrr r\e l- i i'n r" bv Ciien or. :' "itt bF ' l^'F'l do$n and all produ{rion closeLanpa.:r .\o,l: lu h" l'al .rrfl ') "' Rrpid' ro cPdar "rn! back o.,. \ill bp 'h:frFd b;i; $" l:"'l 'ar 2l )e1rfor"n' rrl plln' Ios'a." a Jubr' Jin $as rfie noU'r H^".r .nilt n \loo-p .lr\r st h r"on r ur EI ar nR l ro SJ:k ^r :. Ioo7.He rhFnrran5iPr-P -n^\r \vIT H "f'uia"*" :.ii'.s r:r'F aro'r''l'r c \ r E T t PL o YEE ii: r iiir n e s i i",,. ol'1,rrr'l rho'F'^n'l "'r PL \N T . \ KER r HE he scid t r . , r ir r t : Q l teeth,' in the realki([ t he need d onl pl anl \\' e ' ' \\' e .ar rhe rJn \\i'rk AnorherQurkFr.nplolPF s'rh '' ]e r w e need r ' onc \i l maraq' rnenl Qul ksr -e.alle'l ihii hP hJ'i 'nld hi' rcrr r". ifr;;l;"'l NEXT YEARCOUNTRY 22

olficial from either the federal, proviDcial or mumcipal governmentto act as a selling agent. It js disgusting lhat we can get no slrpport from the people $€ elect to office those sho are supposedto be looking after our interests."

Quaker Oats retired someoi their Saskatoonemployeeseari]. None ol the orkers were oifered iobs at other QuakerOatsplants in Canada.On June 2'1,66 ol the 125 fodner Qulker Oat. empl)yeeswere still lookiDglor jobs.

G O V E R N M E NIN T A C TI O N On March 21. the SaskatoonCiti' Council unenimously passeda resolution asking Quaker to dcla] closing until meeting could be helcl bet$een local, provincial and lederalgovernmenlson $,aysto continue the oprration of th€ plant. Spccificalllr,the citl asked the provincial ancl lederal governmentto take over the mill and run it.

A week later the Sashatoonrnd District Lehour Council passeda resolutionasking the t€derrl govetnment, either on its own or in co operation $ith the prorincial government.to rtakc over the mill and run it at capacit).at a profit, using as its marhet its External -{ni program.' As an alternatiye.they sug, gestedthat the pfovincial governmentnationalizeihe plant "if tbe fed€ral governm€ntlrould guaranteeit a market througlr its ]txternal Aid Programsas well as other markeis that the fed€ral governmenthas available through its agencies.such as ihe Canadian \Vheat Board."

A similar sussestionwas madeby John Richards.

NDP llLA fron -sasliatoon I'niversity and a leading \lraffle novenrent spoltcsnan.He pr;poscclrhat the provincial gov€rDnrentnationaliz€all the plants thal are being -qhutdown in the provirce. No comoen-sa tion would be nade to the o$rnersunlessthe planis could be operateclat a profir. ln flanitoba. lhc Schreyergovernmcnthas over the past year nrtio.alplanls that feceivedprovincial subsidjei ized a <1ozen throush the llanitoba I)evekrpment Iund bL't h:r(l gon€ bankrrpt. As a group thel are norv mating a profit.

T HE T RI ALSO F A BRANCHPLANT MANAGER Some of the probleDs a foreigD cont.olled com' pan) face\ $ere reveale(l b] Donrld Kelly in an i nteryi en rvi th the Trl d1l r.S l d/ on A ugust 2 6, 1972.

D onal d trel l ], x (l aD arl i an,j oi ned Quaker O at s of Canacla ill 1964 as ric€ president in charge ol rnaF ireting. h) 1969 hc becaorepfesidcnt of the Canadian subsidiar) i he resisned in disgust in the same

year,

The inierview relalcd sorne ol the problems that the Qualer Oats managementin Canada faccd. Kell) s nrain concenr Fas that there was "no Canidirn stralegy." He afgued that all the managementin Canadawas to do was "simply to implementa L'.S. stratcgl for Canada."H€ gav€ a numlrer oi specilic cranplcs which occureddurine his tenure$'ith rbe conrpany: O Chicagodecnledthai lhe Canadjansubsid, iary could not bid oD the contract to seli flour to Cuba: O The headoliice jmposeda cerealbox design on. the Canxdian operatjon overlurning a locai decisionaheady implerneDted; t

Tbe parent lirm lorced the Canadiancompant to institute higher prices in order to raise the prolit level ro that of the U.S.;

O The Chicrgo mauagem€ntopposed iheir decision to market "Pamper" pet food, pressuringthem to use the "Puss! Boots" brandnane (a batrle' rhat the Canadians lintllly won); a The decisionto dned Qualer Oats of Canaclaol its rgficlrlture division. a profitabl€ operationprovidjns one-halfof the tlanrdian sales,was r ade simply to iorce thcm to coDlorn with a decisior nade lor the lmerican operation;

H"$ffi*i**i*;ll*':*

a The return ol prolits to the Lr.S.was push, ed. ]et the Canadirn sul)sidiaryhad great iliflicultics in gelling investDenl funds frorn the Chicaeoolficer and

Quaker Oats closed.On Auerlst 2 it was anno|nccd that Parish and Heimbecl<erof $'inniDeq had bought the plant to useits criin handlingfaciliries.Now iris iust anotlrerelevator.

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NEXTYEARCOUNTRY

O After the Canadiancompanv developeda proiitable \Yest Indies tra(le, the head oflice hot it a$ay and gave it to the Ne$Yorh operation.

The sra$' that broke the canrel's back for Kelly Nas when the h€ad office orderedrhe Canadian narketing operation to mole lronr P€l€rbor, ough to Chicrgo Rather than mahe the nove. the entire Canadirn marketine leam resigDedalong with Kelly.

A CON JOB The Human ResourcesDevelopnent Agencv ras the nam. rhosen by the new Nt'P 3o\ernment ro

it had Veri' DePsrtmenr i.orr* ir,. t.al-'*a is de'isn'd The nes deparrmenr rii-i""a r. "t"ti.t'. noLjustnativePeoph' I helpall di.adtantaged PeoPh. ''

ANY RELATIONTO SPIRO?

-appoinretl *hen rhe gov.inminr -ig.n.r l"ab"ll' Conn rh' LeaderPo't d;reaJ. of lh. o"" as ".ri.g prinl hcr "sLorv"at lo mouF} foundhir inraerting thplop o[ thpeomenspoSeWhalmadPherrnlerar'ng

ri at.hp had on" r b.en o' , $Fl tarc and lhis \ 3' " a. . pt* - empdthv\i rh rh' pcopl ebhc hould " rw i Ll i O f lh F h u n d rc d . o f n a ri v e si n l h P n orth rho are " * b, a varuabl eas-' r' U r" Conn- s " oul d {or the job are not clear' although "'L af lelt ed e a c h v .s r fo r mi n o r l i q u o r \ ' ol al i ons and "other oualifi.alions Engli'h With the ."nnor ,""""ii "r'"'*.'.*y aon. a P ol l uri onnud) i n \ota S colis' 6ul "p.ui rind to arenoLhard andrhese il-;i'; ili;,.*'" 1" The role of the reN agencvis to co'ordinate, sa)s -1 a"t.narn.one,eltin 'ourt 'houldnt NIrs. Conn. i^ ri. ol "One o{ the problems i3 t}at a lot enrror'ed "".ii t burunrilthcr.Fi Ir 'houldn ;; ;;J'i;;. \ lan) proer sm ' of juds' of Lh' Vasi$ r,i opl " do" l l ol e ad,anrrg" ei !en .**'i"ri." .t Tom Agner.rh" add jt prEcri'ei " ,l i tno" " to ro." .r" .i - 1h; i d.a rhP ntas r o help sa"ommon riorth. ii"i!, c.".1 for the province - to the in 1o welfare t"* . t'.m"' in i".1" *.,'"a ro bFJFni.drherishro( 'Pex\ins D eoD i erp.pi \e rh" bFn" fi l srhF) $.' c enti rlr d lo NI r '' his own defence. On at l€ast one occasion when a tori n srar.d rhaL l h. JA Fn' ) $;l l not Le liLe or her native de{endant continued lo speak to the couri aeen,i .sbFsusc;t w i l l hatr a tol l o$ up pro: r sm "lf E n8a fl rr b e i n s l o l J ro spP Jl i " r.p -r.. if " " , pf , i n sFrti n ghelp se ll rl i ' ep.reon har be.n un' d,' "" -sful li: h. T om Ag n .r r.l u ' e d to l i ' re n l n A gnFs: ' ou' t 1ou s pok e E n g l i s h o r )o u d i d n \ s p eak' IVhite she has bad some experienceas a wel{are Ho$ did a nan such A3 Torn Agnew becone the reciDient.there is evidencethat this na} not be quite her Maj6ty's jusrice in nolrhern Sa$ enoirgh. In the int.rliew vith the Leader-Posi MiB' di"D;;" "f L"r'.h-"an? The fact is that the requirem€nts for a Conn- sincled out sinsle parents as one ol nost dis' ofo"ial nigistrate are few, sinpl€ and crude One ddvsnl ds;dsroup.. rS h. h.rrl f sss a r sr enl 5ht luPge<Po m u. r hr r" c " o n r" mplro r L h ep ' o Pl e n d ul e l o rhP 6rea hh.n s} p hFnl l o uni \P r' rl l on $P l l arP r'^-inFh \' i rh s h o s ri Ga i ro g a nc' that h' l i e* r * soman ri rh pre-s' l ool a3' ' hi l dt' n r "r r ld be - Further' rhat ' :"ii*" "i - ,1 " ' .a s rF rh ri r o rn bett.r off r." ei \i ns hel fatp .' nd l al i nr i o m P r oa of " o rs t " n e mi ' " ' ' -t pirn r' o rra n t. i t i . n re " ' a r) to see l he naLrreq and n o' ri t h onepr e' as r hildr c n I c o n n a n l l } ' i n n e e d o t moral tearhi ng R e" Lenl l a f. \^uns r nra n, separatad L o , i ri l i z . rh ' m . T o m A gnn' had r ' " i" r, chi l d' xenl ro !l rs. Lonn afl " r fi nd inB her celf "r he. " i er ha ra' -" t,i " 'ri c si n s b u n d a n ...T t s ss hi ' common -:hool c r.rF in need ol assisranceand redenberins the a icte native women in his cou slrrts and iiescribins tbe new agencv and its director. She was i. t o kno' ".""r"" l h i s re d rh F 6 rm o f a )ounA Indi an ro;nr to' uni \.Fi l l i n rhe fal l an' l i^t " - . . tl . -tt " anl ' d " * " re .ti fy i n s u n d e r o a rh b p rau' e h" di dnt \hal 6hFmi :hl .rpF.l t' om l hr sdfar' J'lst lm enl gi. i " t ' . " r. believe her testimon).

Mrs. Con rold her that it was verv unlikelv she get any assistanc€at all aDd suggestedthat she wouid shen l a n sj u ' l l hal bul ln m o s t.o u rte a c q u i tta mF ;to n }ous€ {ith rent lo$er than the $95 she N snots B utfal o an lndian in luds p Aq n .r a ..ru i rL e .i -."" l .db" l l . i as ' urF rhdr i f sd 'ar e Pa\ e sas D d\i n:. + ,-' * o f i i o l s ri n a i i -h i n s t' e u l 6ti on' he then soul d c.rl si nl ) not l d! for m or e r han l hc\ ". " an\l hi n: bccau+ ur or eed p dro .a l l h i m a l i a r a n d a ' o ta r d and dscl l i nF Furl hFrmor' .l o Pet sclf dr e. l n e $ s h o ^* ss.aui l t\' rol d a om b.drc;m f" fr rr.. d e fe n d d n L it " " " soul d ti rsl ha\. ro peronall) laI ' morh.r a separsred t ' i- lu a i a n o L d c s Pn P ro b e A C anadi an ' i ri ?en l or support.S i e furlh€r 'ue3'6t ro court hu-band h.r Agnew's Tom Moralizing and lectuing were part of lind a part'time job and tet young wonan that the ed slyl€, 'Vidualtr-all IIrs. Conn's advice turned out to be Ehen it came lo sentercing, fines wer€ Eual\' handed fines per than unn...sssr). A t t hp welf ar e higher cent h" r E U A s" ,Li ons hundred Iah" and io one filtv ott".."" in Prinie Albert ln the north ol l ne the roman di ..o!.red l hdl .h" di d nt have lo "'i'r.. "i-ir* per cent oI rh€ native poputarion is nove to a smaller home, that she {as eligible {or shere sev€ntr.tive ii.".f nornal vetfare benefits and that she did not have to $30 might nean s jail tern ." " ";"" '"lfa.e. if t h. d, .trs .d $ .rF n o r g i v F nl i m P l o pd). Tom A S nes take her husband to court. If that $as nec€ssary' m r r lc o f l h a r' 4 l l l i n P ' h s n rl e dd osn ro nari tes welfare would .ake tbe action, nol the reciPient. ' u re A ccordi ns l o rhi . parl i ,ul sr r..i p;enr \ 'lr s Conn $F r p lo b F l ,a i d fo tl h $ i th . O n o n e dav i n (ourt al l he Lo u n dbl P i e re a.l mi l l .J rhdl ' shc di dnr raal l l knob' sh at a8encies m a n \ n a ti te B I - " Lo.h e P av o n .s o f ' ' t or t hs i rh ''fi J u d g e A s n e r l h st i l l ook Lhree er;l l ed for \hdl purpo.r. h. ta. onl J a. t inB dir c. r _ re. bu" ' b,raus. .he di dn r hr e enough o' and aut . r o l ru n " p o ,r rh " m a l i ro rh e Pri n " A l bert j ai L " *didn't know how big a staf{ she wss and N D P sup' staff Soing to \ o" a fr.r mo n l h . o f n rc a s u refrom e\ pen'i! '. {ss l o i l . i l ri ghl dorn W hen hare. rou sar brouSlt has Romanow Dorlers. 4tlornev Cenryal 4! an PxP.rt. \tre. Conn is ignewis arbitrary, racist teign to an end.Ilis successor eonfu.in; eo-ordinar;on. paid $u,000

24

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ll:"*-11'

The History Of Canadian Wealth

by GUSTAVUSMYERS J o m e s , L e w is o n d So m u e l

Price $2.95 Myers History of Concdian W€dlth wos publishedin the U.S. ln 1914, but the first Conodionedition hos lust €orneout this yeor' Meonwhile,it has been neglectedby ocodemics, ond lhere l^o\e beer LmoLr-sihol .opie' of th€ eorly edition \/ere boushr up ond suP pr€ssedby roilroodcomponies.StonleyRyerson, in the introductionto the new edition, soys thot ocademicneglect hos been due ro bios: "The ocodemicworld nestlesin a socieiy of corporoteelites."

Myers *os orong rhol q oup of Arre' e'porJ e of b g bu'ineq, con rou'rolrsrcwl_o>e e"'nia tnem the title of "muckrokers." His book is o hlghlyombitiouswork, trocingeconom c life in Conodofrom the eorliestdoys ot ihe fur trode to the completionof the CPR just be{orethe turn of the century.

He begins by descrlblngin his prefoce the.oncentroilon of wealth in Conado. Alreodv in 1914, he stotes," essihon fifty men contio $r 000,000000, or ro.e rhon orethrd of Corodo s norerrol "'olth " I o 'lot how this come obout,he first goesbock to ihe eorl est sourceof weolth in Conodo,the iur trode. Conodo begon os on extroctiveeconomv. with ihe proceedsof th€ fur rrode goins to ironce, ond oter England. Even though chartersweregrontedto the fur trodlng componies with the corolory thot settlemeht would be encourcsed,that siipuotion wos virtuollv iqnored.A holf'heorredottempt io preveni the for troders from debouchingthe Ind on populotion\t th brondywos olso ignor ed; in facr, the SovereignCounci gove per missionio al the French in Conodo io sel sirong drinks io the Indions Myers quotes sourcesio show ihoi the Jesuits,too, were much interested n beaver pelts, not onlv in the savingof souls With the cohqLesrof the Frenchbv rhe Brtlsh the Enqlish become mosters ol the f,rr tr;de The some men who controlledthe fur trode, ihot ls, the ownersof the Hudson

B cy C ompony, ol so conrrol l ed the l ond ond ti mber resources and most i mportont, hod vrrol i nl erest' n the crcrtered bcnks -hus i n €xorobl e l i nks ore drow n from the fur trode to the gi ont noropol ,v ol tl _e H udcon' s B o, C ompany, to i he begi nni hgs of the roi l w oy, shi ppi ng ond banki ng componi es.

For i hose reoders versed i n the ki nd ot hl story toughi i n our school s, w hi ch i el l s oi rhe sel l l ess srotesmonshi p of our pol i tl cl ons ond the humani i ori on gool s of the roi l w oy bui l ders, the l otter hol f of My€rs' book i s i ndeed o revel oti on. " There w os hordl y o member o{ the porl i ornent of the provi nce of C onodo or of the other l egi sl oti ve or executi ve bodl es w ho w os not i n some w oy zeol ousl y pushi ng roi l w oy or oi her proj eci s i n w hi ch he or hi s ossoci otes w ere persono l y i ni erested."

The documeni ed cccounts of l ond gronts, ti mber and ml nerol ri shi s grani s, cosh l oons, ohd bohd suorontees gi ven by rhe federol government to the pri vai e i nvestors for the bui l di ng of rhe roi l roods, ore moterl ol w i th w h ch most of us ore ol l too unfomi l i or w e di scover thot i he orgumeni s l sed by pol i i cl ons to j usti fy i nducemeni s i o pri voi e copi i ol have not chohged over the yeors; i t w e don' t gi ve cohcessi ons,i hey soy, i here w i l l be no devel opment Thus, th. pub i c s hoodw nked i nto be i ev ng i hot these l nducements ore for i i s o\rn bene{i r.

Myers' book bes ns to te I thc si ory of some of the economi c forces i hot hove shoped ond ore shopi ng C onodi oi soci ety. t remo ns for some othcr hi stori on or econom st to toke up Myers chol l enqe ond i roce C onodi an econ omi c hl story from i he begl nni ns of rhc 20th ,Lrp n,. .Fhr .,r r.. - ,t-. 1 the .on e dpra tl . pr' roa l rFrr of A rer co. .opi tol ond i ts eventuol domi nati on of C onod ond po i t col l i fe