Handbook of respiratory protection: safeguarding against current and emerging hazards 1st edition le
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Respiratory Protection Against Hazardous Biological Agents 1st Edition Katarzyna Majchrzycka (Author)
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Racz, LeeAnn, editor.
Title: Handbook of respiratory protection : safeguarding against current and emerging hazards/edited by LeeAnn Racz, Dirk P. Yamamoto, Robert M. Eninger.
Description: Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, 2018. | Includes bibliographical references.
Identifiers: LCCN 2017032936 | ISBN 9781498781145 (hardback : alk. paper)
Subjects: LCSH: Breathing apparatus--Handbooks, manuals, etc. | Respirators-Handbooks, manuals, etc. | Respiratory organs--Diseases--Prevention-Handbooks, manuals, etc.
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017032936
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com
Dedicated to health and safety professionals who keep the industry moving forward by ensuring workers have safe air to breathe.
10. Social Marketing Campaign Promoting the Use of Respiratory Protection Devices among Farmers ........................................................ 193 Lea C. Pounds, Ellen Duysen, Mary E. Cramer, Mary Wendl, Risto Rautiaiuen, and Debra J. Romberger
Section III Respirator Fit
11. Respirator Fit Testing 211 Dirk P. Yamamoto
12. Performance of Elastomeric Respirators against Ultrafine Combustion Particles 233 Xinjian “Kevin” He and Sergey A. Grinshpun
13. Impact of Facial Leakage on Respirator Efficiency: Recent Developments 261 Sergey A. Grinshpun
Section IV Respiratory Protection for Industry
14. Respiratory Protection against Isocyanate Exposures 273 Youcheng Liu, Suyang Liu, Xiaoyi He, and David A. Sterling
15. Application of Activated Carbon Fibers in Respiratory Protection for Volatile Organic Compounds ........................................ 293 Jo Anne G. Balanay
Section V Respiratory Protection for Health Care and Infectious Disease
16. Facemasks and Respirators for the Prevention of Infection in Healthcare and Community Settings ..................................................... 335 C. Raina MacIntyre and Abrar Ahmad Chughtai
17. Efficacy of Face Shields against Cough Aerosol Droplets from a Cough Simulator ......................................................................................... 387 William G. Lindsley, John D. Noti, Francoise M. Blachere, Jonathan V. Szalajda, and Donald H. Beezhold
18. Respiratory Protection for Medical First Responders and Receivers
Jan Schumacher
19. Respiratory Protection for Emergency Responders 429
Terrence K. Cloonan, Frank Palya, Robert Stein, Christopher C. Coffey, Kerri L. Wizner, Lee Greenawald, and Jonathan V. Szalajda
20. Evaluation of CBRN Canisters for Use in Post Fire Overhaul Environments: In Mask Analyte Sampling with Integrated Dynamic Breathing Machine ...................................................................
Leaton Jones and Eric A. Lutz
Section VII Emerging Issues
21. Respiratory Protection against Nanoparticle Exposure in Workplaces ................................................................................................... 469
Samy Rengasamy, Evanly Vo, Michael Bergman, and Ziqing Zhuang
22. An ab initio Approach for Modeling Respirator Penetration Distribution .................................................................................................
Ziv Klausner and Eyal Fattal
23. Improving Respirator Filter Formulations through Combinatorial Science ...............................................................................
Jennifer V. Romero and Jeff R. Dahn 24. US Air Force
Preface
Although respirators are ideally used as a last resort measure of protecting worker health, they continue to be critical tools in removing contaminants from breathed air. However, there have been many advances in respiratory protection policy and technology over the past decades. In addition, personal protective equipment has been required to evolve with the changing nature of occupational and environmental respiratory hazards. There are new hazards in health care, emergency response, manufacturing operations, maintenance activities, and other industries which have emerged over the years that have prompted research and development of advanced industrial hygiene and safety practices.
The Handbook of Respiratory Protection: Safeguarding against Current and Emerging Hazards provides a contemporary update and adjunct to previous texts on the subject, with a focus on the state of current understanding. Research in respiratory protection is cross-disciplinary, and contributions from many academic areas have expanded our current understanding of human factors and compliance, mask fit and comfort, and use of respiratory protection against health hazards that may not be completely understood. Therefore, authors from many disciplines have contributed to this handbook to provide a broader understanding of the multifaceted nature of today’s respiratory protection.
The handbook opens with a section on the fundamentals of respiratory protection and the next covers various aspects of program management. Following a section on respirator fit, the handbook covers developments in respiratory protection for industry, health care and infectious disease, and emergency responders. Finally, we discuss emerging issues such as protection against nanoparticles, respirator modeling, and other research advancements.
The limits of industrial hygiene and safety professionals’ conventional wisdom may be pushed as they attempt to provide respiratory protection for evolving hazards. These highly trained individuals must be aware of the latest advances in respiratory protection. This handbook provides guidance for protection during processes and scenarios only recently encountered as well as those long since in practice.
Acknowledgments
We gratefully acknowledge the contributions and support of all those who played a part in the development of the manuscript for this book. Special thanks go to our families for their support and patience in this important endeavor to help protect the industrial workforce.
Editors
LeeAnn Racz is a bioenvironmental engineer in the US Air Force having served at bases across the globe. She currently serves as Chief of Consultative Services at the US Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine. Previous assignments have also included assistant professor of environmental engineering and director of the Graduate Environmental Engineering and Science Program in Systems & Engineering Management at the Air Force Institute of Technology. She presently holds the rank of Lieutenant Colonel. She is a licensed professional engineer, certified industrial hygienist, and board certified environmental engineer. She holds a BS in environmental engineering from California Polytechnic State University (San Luis Obispo), an MS in biological and agricultural engineering from the University of Idaho, and a PhD in civil and environmental engineering from the University of Utah. Her areas of interest include characterizing the fate of chemical warfare agents and pollutants of emerging concern in the natural and engineered environments as well as environmental health issues and using biological reactors to treat industrial waste. She has authored dozens of refereed journal articles, conference proceedings, magazine articles, presentations, and two handbooks. She is a member of several professional associations and honor societies and has received numerous prestigious teaching and research awards.
Dirk P. Yamamoto is the senior industrial hygienist for Force Health Protection Research at the US Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine in Dayton, OH, providing both consultative and research support to support warfighters. He retired from the US Air Force in 2015 as a Lieutenant Colonel, having served 23 years as both an electronics engineer and bioenvironmental engineer. While on active duty, assignments included serving as an assistant professor of industrial hygiene and director of the Graduate Industrial Hygiene Program at the Air Force Institute of Technology in Dayton, OH, along with other positions in Texas, Utah, California, and North Dakota. He holds a BS in electrical engineering from the University of Minnesota, MS in engineering systems management from St. Mary’s University (TX), MS public health (industrial hygiene emphasis) from the University of Utah, and a PhD in systems engineering (industrial hygiene emphasis) from the Air Force Institute of Technology. He is a certified industrial hygienist, certified safety professional, and is licensed as a professional engineer. He also volunteers for the American Industrial Hygiene Association, American Board of Industrial Hygiene, and ABET (Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, Inc.).
Robert M. Eninger is presently the director of the Graduate Industrial Hygiene Program at the Air Force Institute of Technology. Among 10 assignments as an active duty US Air Force bioenvironmental engineer, he has previously served as a commander of an aerospace medicine squadron, as the team chief of the Air Force Radiation Assessment Team during its response to the Fukushima nuclear accident, and as the director for all Bioenvironmental Engineering officer and enlisted training. He holds a BS in civil and environmental engineering from the US Air Force Academy, an MS in industrial hygiene from Purdue University, an MS in civil eng ineering from the University of Texas at San Antonio, and a PhD in environmental health from the University of Cincinnati. He is a certified industrial hygienist.
Contributors
Jo Anne G. Balanay
Environmental Health Sciences Program
Department of Health Education and Promotion
East Carolina University Greenville, North Carolina
Daniel J. Barker
U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center
Aberdeen Proving Ground Aberdeen, Maryland
Donald H. Beezhold
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Health Effects Laboratory Division Morgantown, West Virginia
Nikki Bell
Health and Safety Laboratory
Health and Safety Executive Buxton, Derbyshire
United Kingdom
Michael Bergman
National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory
National Institute for Occupational and Health Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Francoise M. Blachere
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Health Effects Laboratory Division Morgantown, West Virginia
Abrar Ahmad Chughtai
School of Public Health and Community Medicine University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia
Kathleen Clark
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Respiratory Health Division
National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Morgantown, West Virginia
Terrence K. Cloonan
National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Christopher C. Coffey
National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Morgantown, West Virginia
Craig E. Colton
3M Personal Safety Division
St. Paul, Minnesota
Karen M. Coyne
Food and Drug Administration (Formerly with U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center)
Aberdeen Proving Ground Aberdeen, Maryland
Mary E. Cramer
College of Nursing
University of Nebraska Medical Center
Omaha, Nebraska
Jeff R. Dahn
Department of Physics and Atmospheric Sciences
Dalhousie University
Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
Ellen Duysen
Central State Center for Agricultural Safety and Health College of Public Health
University of Nebraska Medical Center
Omaha, Nebraska
Robert M. Eninger Department of Systems Engineering and Management
Air Force Institute of Technology
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base Ohio
Eyal Fattal
Applied Math Department
Israel Institute for Biological Research
Ness-Ziona, Israel
Richard Graveling Institute of Occupational Medicine
Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Lee Greenawald
National Personal Protective
Technology Laboratory
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Morgantown, West Virginia
Sergey A. Grinshpun Department of Environmental Health
University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, Ohio
Xiaoyi He Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology School of Public Health University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth, Texas
Xinjian “Kevin” He Department of Industrial and Management Systems Engineering West Virginia University Morgantown, West Virginia
Steven M. Hetrick Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surgical Center
Joint Base San Antonio—Lackland Lackland, Texas
Jane Hopkinson
Health and Safety Laboratory Health and Safety Executive Buxton, Derbyshire United Kingdom
Leaton Jones Occupational Safety and Health Division
North Carolina Department of Labor Raleigh, North Carolina
Ziv Klausner
Applied Math Department
Israel Institute for Biological Research
Ness-Ziona, Israel
William G. Lindsley
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Health Effects Laboratory Division
Morgantown, West Virginia
Youcheng Liu
Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences
School of Medicine
Wayne State University Detroit, Michigan
Suyang Liu
Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences
University of Texas Health Science Center
Houston, Texas
Eric A. Lutz
Spokane Mining Research Division Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Spokane, Washington
C. Raina MacIntyre
School of Public Health and Community Medicine
University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia
John D. Noti
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Health Effects Laboratory Division Morgantown, West Virginia
Frank Palya
National Personal Protective
Technology Laboratory
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Lea C. Pounds
Department of Health Promotion University of Nebraska Medical Center
Omaha, Nebraska
Riso Rautianien
Central States Center for Agricultural Safety and Health College of Public Health University of Nebraska Medical Center
Omaha, Nebraska
Samy Rengasamy
National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory
National Institute for Occupational and Health Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Debra Romberger
Nebraska Western Iowa Healthcare System and
Central States Center for Agricultural Safety and Health University of Nebraska Medical Center
Omaha, Nebraska
Jennifer V. Romero Cowansville, Quebec, Canada
Kathleen S. Rogers
Respiratory Health Division
National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Morgantown, West Virginia
Jan Schumacher
Consultant Anaesthetist
Guy’s and St. Thomas’ National Health Service Foundation Trust
London, United Kingdom
Robert Stein
National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
David A. Sterling
Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology
University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth, Texas
Jonathan V. Szalajda
National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Jeff Throckmorton
Risk Management, Safety and Compliance Department
Brigham Young University Provo, Utah
Nick Vaughan
Health and Safety Laboratory
Health and Safety Executive Buxton, Derbyshire
United Kingdom
Evanly Vo
National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory
National Institute for Occupational and Health Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Joseph D. Wander
Acquisition Branch (AFCEC/CXAE)
Air Force Civil Engineer Center Tyndall Air Force Base Panama, Florida
Mary Wendl College of Nursing University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, Nebraska
Kerri Wizner
National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Dirk P. Yamamoto
Department of Aeromedical Research US Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base Ohio
Ziqing Zhuang
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Section I
Overview and Fundamentals
1 An Overview of Respiratory Protection
Dirk P. Yamamoto and Robert M. Eninger
No one should have to sacrifice their life for their livelihood, because a nation built on the dignity of work must provide safe working conditions for its people.
Thomas E. Perez Former US Secretary of Labor
1.1 Introduction
A respirator is a type of “personal protective equipment” (PPE) designed to protect an individual from harmful inhalational exposures, such as from chemicals and particulate matter. Under the traditional “hierarchy of controls,” PPE is the “last resort,” relied on only when material substitution, engineering control, and administrative control options have been exhausted. Respirators function by either physical removal of contaminants from the air being breathed or by supplying clean respirable air.
In the United States, an estimated 5 million workers are required to wear respirators in approximately 1.3 million workplaces (OSHA 2016). Selecting the right type of respiratory protection is driven by an exposure assessment, usually performed by an industrial hygienist or safety professional. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulates respiratory protection through 29 CFR 1910 Subpart I Personal Protective Equipment, under the standard 29 CFR 1910.134 Respiratory Protection. Other industries, such as those covered under Parts 1915 Shipyards, 1917 Marine Terminals, 1918 Longshoring, and 1926 Construction, defer to 1910.134 for respiratory protection purposes. Key elements of 1910.134 include
requirements of a respiratory protection program, selection of respirators, medical evaluation, fit testing, use of respirators, maintenance/care of respirators, breathing air quality and use, filters/cartridges, training, program evaluation, and recordkeeping. Employer compliance remains a challenge, with the Respiratory Protection standard typically being a top 10 most frequently cited OSHA standard, year after year.
This text, the Handbook of Respiratory Protection: Safeguarding against Current and Emerging Hazards, contains 24 chapters organized in 7 major areas. It is intended to be a contemporary update and adjunct to previous texts on the subject, with a focus on the state of current understanding. Research in respiratory protection is cross-disciplinary, and contributions from many academic areas have expanded our current understanding of human factors and compliance, mask fit and comfort, and use of respiratory protection against health hazards that are or may not be completely understood, such as certain biological agents. By necessity, we have reached out to authors in many disciplines to gain a broader understanding of respiratory protection.
1.2 Handbook Organization
In Section I, Overview and Fundamentals, a basic overview is provided and respirator classification and types are reviewed. Additionally, two chapters focus on human factors aspects of respirator wear—spirometry and speech intelligibility. When worn, respirators may limit mobility, and can negatively impact productivity. In Chapter 5, speech intelligibility is insightful because verbal communication is a factor in potential unsafe conditions in workplaces that require teamwork and auditory communication.
In Section II, Program Management, several aspects and intricacies of respiratory protection programs are discussed. It is the editors’ opinion that effective wear of respiratory protective equipment can only be sustained within the framework of an adequately managed program. Health and safety practitioners must take this into consideration as they apportion their time among multiple programs. In this section, elements of effective respiratory programs and factors that impact workplace implantation are discussed. An additional chapter is provided on using novel social media approaches to promote effective respiratory program equipment (RPE) use. Additionally, a case study on RPE program management in academic settings is provided, although there are observations that are generalizable to other industries.
Section III, Respirator Fit, begins with a chapter reviewing respirator fit testing. There are few elements as important in an effective RPE program than assessing respirator fit on the individual who will be using it in the workplace. This critical task is not only to assure fit in a test-setting, but also serves to train the individual user on putting the RPE on and taking
it off, among other responsibilities. This is a useful and concise chapter to review these basic principles if the reader is returning to this area of health and safety practice. The other two chapters from this section focus on more nuanced technical observations of respirator fit, and particle penetration through both filters and small leaks. Over the last 15 years, our understanding has significantly increased of the role of two pathways for particle penetration in RPE devices. Our understanding of the ratio of penetration from leakage as compared to filter penetration underscores the importance of RPE that fits well and suits a variety of face shapes and sizes.
Section IV, Respiratory Protection for Industry, dives into two specific areas of relevance to health and safety practitioners: isocyanate exposures and developing RPE protection provided by activated carbon fibers. Isocyanates are substances which can cause sensitization by both the respiratory and dermal route. At the same time, substances which use isocyanates have wide use in industry. Although this chapter focuses on RPE to protect against isocyanate exposure in autobody repair and refinishing, there are useful observations which may be applied to other industries. As the most common adsorbent used in chemical cartridges employed on respirators is granulated activated carbon, the next chapter reviews breakthrough curves of different activated carbon fiber formulations when challenged with toluene. Activated carbon fibers are a novel approach to respirator cartridges. The reader may note that this chapter provides insight into the technical behavior of adsorbent behavior in general. The same principles which govern removal of chemicals in a respirator cartridge also apply to chemical air sampling into an adsorbent tube.
Section V focuses on RPE for healthcare and infectious disease protection. This has been an area of intensive research for over a decade. Healthcare and infectious disease are one of the few settings that protective masks may be worn to protect against not only respiratory exposure (what is breathed in), but also what may be expired, coughed, splattered, etc, that may possess infectious materials. It is a very complex environment that deserves the critical attention and awareness of health and safety practitioners. The first chapter in this section discusses an evaluation of facemasks and respirators to avert infection in a community environment. As facemasks and respirators must comply with different regulatory and testing requirements, this chapter is enlightening for generalist practitioners to help them understand differences in workplace performance and employment. The next chapter summarizes a unique study which utilized a cough simulator to test the effectiveness of face shields in protecting against expired particles. It is a useful study that illustrates some of the physical aspects of potential infectious particle generation in a healthcare setting.
In Section VI, Respiratory Protection for Emergency Responders, three chapters discuss RPE for specific worker populations. The first chapter looks at medical responders and receivers. It is important to note the differences in workplace stressors faced by medical first responders as compared to the
healthcare environment, as addressed in Section V. Additionally, a chapter discusses RPE for firefighters during certain operations that may have high chemical and particle exposures. The authors utilized chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) canisters to evaluate their possible use by firefighters. Firefighters have very complex exposure profiles and this study provides insight into alternative protection methods being evaluated for their use.
Section VII, Emerging Issues for Respiratory Protection, presents four chapters. The first addresses RPE against nanoparticles, which has been an area of substantial interest among researchers for some time. Nanomaterials may have unique or different toxicity than the same substance in bulk form, and this chapter addresses how RPE protects against this emerging hazard. The next chapter provides a contribution to our understanding of how to model respiratory protection, and asserts that the beta distribution is more appropriate than the lognormal distribution. Modeling RPE program effectiveness can be a technique used by epidemiology researchers who lack data about past exposures to populations who wore respiratory protection. This chapter is a useful contribution to our understanding of the topic. Next is a chapter that presents an approach to rapidly evaluate candidate activated carbon adsorbents. The proposed method aims to assist manufacturers of respiratory protection in considering differing activated carbon formulations for use in RPE. This provides insight into some of the development considerations that go into RPE design and manufacturing. Last in Section VII is an overview of a wide range of respiratory protection research in the United States Air Force. The USAF has over 21,000 employees enrolled in respiratory protection programs at a given time and uses RPE against a very wide variety of hazards. This chapter summarizes research and discovery activities on both civil and military-specific protective masks.
1.3 Summary
To summarize, this text is a wide-ranging attempt to capture contemporary RPE knowledge and to highlight emerging issues across a range of applications. It touches on the basics and applies practical as well as highly technical (and some theoretical) aspects of respiratory protection. This book should serve as an update in some technical areas and an adjunct in other areas to previous texts on the topic. It has material appropriate for both general safety and health practitioners as well as researchers in one of several academic disciplines.
The editors wish to thank each of the contributors. Without their efforts this book would not have been possible.
Reference
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 2016. Safety and Health Topics/Respiratory Protection. Available online at https://www.osha.gov/ SLTC/respiratoryprotection/
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suomennettu.
Siihen liittyy hauska tarina. Oli niillä mailla eräs varakas mies, joka piti Hainaria suuressa arvossa ja aina tilaisuuden sattuessa jutteli hänen kanssaan. Hän ei ollut kirjallisiin asioihin mainittavasti perehtynyt. Chicago-kirjassa mainitaan m.m., mitä siellä päivässä syödään, niin ja niin monta kiloa lihaa ja perunoita ja jauhoja j.n.e. Kun meidän liikemies luki tämän kohdan, sanoi hän täynnä ihmettelyä: "mistä hitosta hän senkin tietää?"
Niinakin vuosina, kun Hainari asui Jyväskylässä, ei hän Karjalaa unohtanut. Hän oli vuosien varrella oppinut rakastamaan Laatokan luontoa. Hän oli ruvennut viettämään kesänsä ensin Haavuksen saaressa ja sitten omassa huvilassaan kauniissa Vasikkasaaressa. Jyväskylästäkin tuli hän joka kesä tänne. Sitä paitse teki hän tuontuostakin matkoja rajapitäjiin.
Saaristossa eläessään tuli hän Laatokan kalastajain ystäväksi seurustellen ahkeraan heidän kanssaan. Rajalaisia kävi usein hänen luonaan ja kirjeenvaihto oli ehtymätön.
Ja oleskellessaan muuallakin ei yhteys katkennut. Muuanna kesänä oli hänen satunnaisista syistä vietettävä kesäkausi Lohjalla. Kerran maantietä kulkiessa tuli pari vienankarjalaista laukunkantajaa häntä vastaan. Hauskuudekseen tokaisee hän heille: "kudamall' tsurall' doroga proidii". - Samalla oli tuttavuus valmis. Laukunkantajat kävivät hänen luonaan, lähettivät muitakin. Ja Lohjalla pidettiin karjalaista pakinaa pitkin kesää. Muutamat hauskat valokuvat kertovat vieläkin tästä seurustelusta.
* * * * *
Tilaisuuden sattuessa muutti Hainari takaisin Sortavalaan.
Karjalaisharrastukset pääsevät taas etualaan. Nyt tulee suurten kysymysten vuoro, laajoja pitäjiä koskevien kysymysten. Rajapitäjät olivat vanhaa lahjoitusmaata. Valtio oli lahjoitusmaat lunastanut. Pitkän odotuksen jälkeen oli pantu toimeen isojako. Vähitellen olivat olot kehittyneet sille kannalle, että voitiin kohta maat luovuttaa talonpojille, entisille n.k. lampuodeille. Mutta metsiä oli karttunut paljon, niistä ajallaan saataisiin paljon rahaa. Ja tukkiyhtiöt vaanivat kuin haukat saalista. Moni käsitti, että jos maa joutui ilman muuta lampuotien käsiin, ei kestänyt kauvan, ennenkuin keinottelijat olivat sen heiltä houkutelleet pois. Tämän vaaran torjumiseksi ryhtyi Hainari puuhaamaan kunnallisrahastoja, joihin ainakin osa metsärahoista saataisiin pelastetuksi ennen maiden ja metsien jakoa. Kunnallisrahastoja saatiinkin perustetuksi, toinen Suojärven kunnalle käsittäen yhden miljoonan markkaa, toinen Ägläjärven kyläkunnalle käsittäen 90,000 markkaa.
Sanomattakin ymmärtää, että näitä rahastoja ei ilman muuta saatu perustetuksi. Siinä oli monet neuvottelut pidettävä ja monet vaikeudet voitettava. Oli näet voitettava ihmisten omanvoitonpyynti.
Hainari sai senaatilta erityisen valtuuden neuvotella asiasta asianomaisten talonpoikien kanssa. Tammikuussa 1908 hän piti Suojärven kuntalaisten ja Korpiselän pitäjän Ägläjärven kyläläisten kanssa kokouksia asiasta. Näitten neuvottelujen johdosta asetettiin erityinen komitea, joka kokoontui Helsinkiin Hainarin johdolla asiata lähemmin pohtimaan. Koko Hainarin vaikutusvoima ja vuosikymmenien ystävyyden perustama arvonanto oli pantava liikkeelle, ennenkuin komitean jäsenet suostuivat tulevien sukupolvien hyväksi luovuttamaan käyttöoikeuden omaisuuteen, jota he itsekin olisivat voineet käyttää.
Aikaisemmin jo v. 1907 oli Hainari kutsuttu jäseneksi hallituksen asettamaan komiteaan, jonka tuli tutkia Viipurin läänin oloja ja erittäinkin tehdä ehdotus tarpeellisiksi toimenpiteiksi sen epäkohdan poistamiseksi, että monet lahjoitusmaiden talonpojat möivät tilansa ylen halvasta hinnasta henkilöille, jotka eivät harjoittaneet maanviljelystä. Tämän komitean mietintö Salmin kihlakunnan oloista on melkein kokonaan Hainarin kirjoittama.
Olisi paljonkin kerrottavaa näistä komiteatöistä ja niiden yhteydessä olevista seikoista. Mutta osittain ovat ne kovin arkaluontoista laatua, osittain ne vaativat erityisen esityksensä. Jätän ne sen vuoksi sikseen.
Luonnollisesti sellaista henkilöä kuin Hainaria käytettiin myöskin monenlaisiin kunnallisiin ja valtiollisiin luottamustoimiin. Sekä Sortavalassa että Jyväskylässä ollessaan hän oli valtuusmiehenä. Viimeisillä säätyvaltiopäivillä hän oli pappissäädyn jäsenenä, koulun opettajain edustajana vuosina 1899, 1900 ja 1904-5. Yksikamariseen eduskuntaan hänet valittiin Viipurin läänin itäisen vaalipiirin edustajaksi vuosina 1908 ja 1909. Valtiopäivätyöhön antautui hän, niinkuin kaikkeen muuhunkin, koko sielullaan ja mielellään.
Varsinaiseksi suureksi puhujaksi ei Hainaria voi sanoa, mutta silloin tällöin hän kuitenkin piti erinomaisia puheita. Ehkä paraimpana hänen puheistaan pidän sitä, minkä hän piti Sortavalassa v 1901 Savo-karjalaisen osakunnan kesäjuhlassa. Siinä hän käyttää muutamia Kiven Seitsemästä veljeksestä ottamiaan aiheita erinomaisen taitavasti, samoin erästä kirjettä, jonka Antti Kaksonen oli saanut Jalovaaran lapsilta. En tätä puhetta huoli tarkemmin selostaa. Se kumminkin antoi aihetta ilmiantoon, aivan hullunkurisen
vääristetyssä muodossa. Muutamat muut yhtä turhat ilmiannot vaikuttivat, että hänen oli pakko, muka "kansan villitsijänä ja valtiollisesti vaarallisena" henkilönä näillä rajamailla, muuttaa Sortavalasta pois Helsinkiin.
Kesken ahkeraa työtä, puuhaillessa koulunopettajana, kirjailijana, historioitsijana, Karjalan kansan lämpimänä ystävänä toimiessa, koko Suomen hyväksi kuolema odottamatta Oskar Hainarin saavutti 23 p. tammik. 1910.
Perustukseltaan oli Hainarin luonne optimistinen ja valoisa. Hän meni aikoinaan melkein liiallisuuteen siinä, ettei tahtonut puhua pahaa kestään. Muistan monesti sattuneen, että kun minä tai joku muu tulimme hänen luokseen ja puhe sattumalta kosketteli jotakin yleistä päivän juorua, voi sattua, etten minä sitä tiennyt: "jollet sinä sitä tiedä, niin minä en kerro, minä en tahdo puhua pahaa toisista"."No, mutta saanhan minä sen tietää ensimäiseltä, joka kadulla vastaan tulee, voithan sinä sen yhtä hyvin kertoa." - "En, se on saman tekevä, minä en levitä juoruja."
Siitä ajasta, jolloin Hainari toiseen kertaan muutti pois Sortavalasta, alkoi raskaampi ajanjakso hänen elämässään. Elettiinhän silloin n.s. "routa- eli kirovuosia", eikä Hainarikaan säästynyt siltä vihalta, joka kohtasi kaikkia huomatuimpia, suomalaiseen puolueeseen lukeutuvia kansalaisia. Olisi luullut sellaisen miehen säästyvän syytöksistä, sellaisen miehen kuin Hainari, jolla oli sellainen elämäntyö takanaan.
Hänen muistoaan eivät nuo ajat himmennä. Kauniina se säilyy lukuisain kansalaisten mielessä, kauneimpana niiden, jotka tunsivat hänet läheltä.
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