Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery
VOLUME 2
Editors
John C Watkinson MSc (Nuclear Medicine; London) MS (London) FRCS (General Surgery) FRCS (ENT) DLO
One-Time Honorary Senior Lecturer and Consultant ENT/Head and Neck and Thyroid Surgeon, Queen Elizabeth Hospital University of Birmingham NHS Trust and latterly the Royal Marsden and Brompton Hospitals, London, UK Currently Consultant Head and Neck and Thyroid Surgeon, University Hospital, Coventry and Warwick NHS Trust; and Honorary Consultant ENT/Head and Neck and Thyroid Surgeon, Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH) Honorary Senior Anatomy Demonstrator, University College London (UCL) Business Director, Endocrine MDT, The BUPA Cromwell Hospital, London, UK.
Raymond W Clarke BA BSc DCH FRCS FRCS(ORL)
Consultant Paediatric Otolaryngologist, Royal Liverpool Children’s Hospital, Liverpool, UK Senior Lecturer and Associate Dean, University of Liverpool, UK.
Section Editors
Christopher P Aldren MA (CANTAB) MBBS FRCS (Eng) FRCS (ORL-HNS)
Consultant Otolaryngologist, Wexham Park Hospital, Slough, UK.
Doris-Eva Bamiou MD MSc FRCP PhD
Professor in Neuroaudiology, Honorary Consultant in Audiovestibular Medicine
MSc in Otology & Audiology (UCL) Course Co-Director, UCL Ear Institute, Royal National Throat Nose Ear Hospital, London, UK.
Raymond W Clarke BA BSc DCH FRCS FRCS(ORL)
Consultant Paediatric Otolaryngologist, Royal Liverpool Children’s Hospital, Liverpool, UK
Senior Lecturer and Associate Dean, University of Liverpool, UK.
Richard M Irving MD FRCS (ORL-HNS)
Consultant in Neurotology, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust and Diana Princess of Wales (Birmingham Children’s) Hospital, Honorary Senior Lecturer, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Haytham Kubba MBBS MPhil MD FRCS(ORL-HNS)
Associate Professor, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Consultant Otolaryngologist, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Australia.
Shakeel R Saeed MD FRCS (ORL)
Clinical Director RNTNEH, Professor of Otology/Neuro-otology, UCL Ear Institute
Consultant ENT and Skull Base Surgeon, The Royal National Throat, Nose & Ear Hospital and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.
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International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-138-09461-1 (Hardback; Volume 1)
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-138-09463-4 (Hardback; Volume 2)
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Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data
Names: Watkinson, John C., editor. | Clarke, Ray (Raymond), editor.
Title: Scott-Brown’s otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery : basic sciences, endocrine surgery, rhinology / John Watkinson, Ray Clarke. Other titles: Scott-Brown’s otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery |Otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery.
Description: Eighth edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2018] | Preceded by Scott-Brown’s otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery. 7th ed. c2008. | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2017032760 (print) | LCCN 2017033968 (ebook) | ISBN 9780203731031 (eBook General) | ISBN 9781351399067 (eBook PDF) | ISBN 9781351399050 (eBook ePub3) | ISBN 9781351399043 (eBook Mobipocket) | ISBN 9781138094611 (hardback : alk. paper).
Subjects: | MESH: Otolaryngology--methods | Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases--surgery | Head--surgery | Neck--surgery | Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures—methods.
Classification: LCC RF20 (ebook) | LCC RF20 (print) | NLM WV 100 | DDC 617.5/1--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017032760
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com
Section 1 Paediatrics
Raymond
Raymond
Daniel
Peter
Kate
Lesley
31:
Michael J. Rutter, Alessandro de Alarcón and Catherine K. Hart 32:
Rania Mehanna and Michael Kuo
33: Paediatric voice disorders ......................................... 377
Ben Hartley and David M. Wynne
34: Foreign bodies in the ear, nose and throat 385 Adam J. Donne and Katharine Davies
35: Paediatric tracheostomy ............................................ 395 Michael Saunders
36: Perinatal airway management 413
Pensée Wu, May M.C. Yaneza, Haytham Kubba, W. Andrew Clement, and Alan D. Cameron
37: Cervicofacial infections 423
Nico Jonas and Ben Hartley
38: Diseases of tonsils, tonsillectomy and tonsillotomy 435
Yogesh Bajaj and Ian Hore
39: Salivary glands 443
Neil Bateman and Rachael Lawrence
40: Tumours of the head and neck in childhood 451 Fiona B. MacGregor and James Hayden
41: Cysts and sinuses of the head and neck ................... 465
Keith G. Trimble and Luke McCadden
42: Haemangiomas and vascular malformations 477
Daniel J. Tweedie and Benjamin E.J. Hartley
43: Drooling and aspiration 491
Haytham Kubba and Katherine Ong
44: Reflux and eosinophilic oesophagitis 501
Ravi Thevasagayam
45: Oesophageal disorders in children 513 Graham Haddock
Section 2 The Ear Audiovestibular
medicine
46: Anatomy and embryology of the exter nal and middle ear 525
Peter Valentine and Tony Wright
47: Anatomy of the cochlea and vestibular system: relating ultrastructure to function 545
Jonathan Gale and Andrew Forge
48: Physiology of hearing 567
Soumit Dasgupta and Michael Maslin
49: Physiology of equilibrium .......................................... 593
Floris L. Wuyts, Leen K. Maes and An Boudewyns
50: Perception of sounds at the auditory cortex 617
Frank E. Musiek and Jane A. Baran
51: Psychoacoustic audiometry ...................................... 627
Josephine E. Marriage and Marina Salorio-Corbetto
52: Evoked measurement of auditory sensitivity 649
Jeffrey Weihing and Nicholas Leahy
53: Prevention of hearing loss ......................................... 663
Shankar Rangan and Veronica Kennedy
54: Hearing aids 671
Harvey Dillon
55: Beyond hearing aids: an overview of adult audiological rehabilitation .......................................... 685
Lucy Handscomb
56: Age-related sensorineural hearing impairment 693
Linnea Cheung, David M. Baguley and Andrew McCombe
57: Noise-induced hearing loss and related conditions 701 Andrew McCombe and David M. Baguley
58: Autosomal dominant non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss ......................................... 711
Polona Le Quesne Stabej and Maria Bitner-Glindzicz
59: Ototoxicity 721 Andrew Forge
60: Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss 739
Tony Narula and Catherine Rennie
61: Tinnitus and hyperacusis 753 Don McFerran and John Phillips
62: Evaluation of balance 775
Adolfo M. Bronstein
63: Ménière’s disease ...................................................... 817
Vincent W.F.M. Van Rompaey
64: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo 831 Yougan Saman and Doris-Eva Bamiou
65: Superior semicircular canal dehiscence 843
Harry R.F. Powell and Shakeel R. Saeed
66: Vestibular neuritis 849
Charlotte Agrup
67: Vestibular migraine 855
Louisa Murdin and Linda M. Luxon
68: Vestibular rehabilitation .............................................. 863
Marousa Pavlou
69: Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder and retrocochlear disorders in adults and children 873
Rosalyn A. Davies and Raj Nandi
70: Understanding tinnitus: a psychological perspective .... 893
Laurence McKenna, Elizabeth Marks and David J. Scott
71: Auditory processing disorders across the age span 901
Doris-Eva Bamiou and Cristina Ferraz B. Murphy
72: Neuropsychiatric aspects of vestibular disorders ...... 909
Julius Bourke, Georgia Jackson and Gerald Libby
Otology
73: Clinical examination of the ears and hearing 919
George G. Browning and Peter-John Wormald
74: Furunculosis 931
Malcolm P. Hilton
75: Myringitis 935
Samuel A.C. MacKeith
76: Keratosis obturans, primary auditory canal cholesteatoma and benign necrotizing otitis externa 941
Tristram H.J. Lesser
77: Acquired atresia of the external ear 949
Jonathan P. Harcourt
78: Otitis externa and otomycosis ................................... 953
A. Simon Carney
79: Perichondritis of the external ear 959
James W. Loock
80: Exostosis of the external auditory canal ................... 963
Philip J. Robinson and Sophie J. Hollis
81: Osteoradionecrosis of the temporal bone 967
James W. Loock
82: Acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion in adults ..................................................................... 971
Anil Banerjee
83: Chronic otitis media 977
George G. Browning, Justin Weir, Gerard Kelly and Iain R.C. Swan
84: Myringoplasty 1021
Charlie Huins and Jeremy Lavy
85: Ossiculoplasty 1029
Daniel Moualed, Alison Hunt and Christopher P. Aldren
86: Eustachian tube dysfunction 1039
Holger H. Sudhoff
87: Otoendoscopy 1047
David A. Bowdler, Annabelle C.K. Leong and David D. Pothier
88: Tuberculosis of the temporal bone 1057
Ameet Kishore
89: Otosclerosis ............................................................. 1061
Christopher P. Aldren, Thanos Bibas, Arnold J.N. Bittermann, George G. Browning, Wilko Grolman, Peter A. Rea, Rinze A. Tange and Inge Wegner
90: Otological effects of paget’s disease 1093
Ian D. Bottrill
91: Ear trauma 1099
Stephen C. Toynton
92: Otalgia 1141
Philip D. Yates
Implantation otology
93: Bone-conduction hearing devices 1149
James Ramsden and Chris H. Raine
94: Cochlear implants .................................................... 1157
Andrew Marshall and Stephen Broomfield
95: Middle ear implants 1169
Maarten J.F. de Wolf and Richard M. Irving
96: Auditory brainstem implantation 1177
Shakeel R. Saeed and Harry R.F. Powell
Section 3 Skull Base
97: Imaging of the temporal bone.................................. 1187
Steve Colley
98: Anatomy of the skull base and infratemporal fossa 1197
Charlie Huins
99: Evaluation of the skull base patient ......................... 1211
Jeyanthi Kulasegarah and Richard M. Irving
100: Vascular assessment and management 1221
Joe J. Leyon, Kurdow Nader and Swarupsinh Chavda
101: Natural history of vestibular schwannomas 1229
Mirko Tos†, Sven-Eric Stangerup and Per Caye-Thomasen
102: Surgical management of vestibular schwannoma 1239
Shakeel R. Saeed and Christopher J. Skilbeck
103: Stereotactic radiosurgery 1259
Paul Sanghera, Geoffrey Heyes, Helen Howard, Rosemary Simmons and Helen Benghiat
104: Neurofibromatosis 2 1267
D. Gareth R. Evans
105: Non-vestibular schwannoma tumours of the cerebellopontine angle 1275
Simon K.W. Lloyd and Scott A. Rutherford
† deceased
106: Middle fossa surgery .............................................. 1289
Raghu N.S. Kumar, Sunil N. Dutt and Richard M. Irving
107: Jugular foramen lesions and their management .... 1299
Rupert Obholzer
108: Petrous apex lesions 1317
Michael Gleeson
109: Approaches to the nasopharynx and Eustachian tube .................................................... 1325
Gunesh P. Rajan
110: Tumours of the temporal bone 1339
Marcus Atlas, Noweed Ahmad and Peter O’Sullivan
111: Clinical neuroanatomy ............................................ 1351
John J.P. Patten
112: The facial nerve and its non-neoplastic disorders .... 1381
Christopher Skilbeck, Susan Standring and Michael Gleeson
113: Tumours of the facial nerve .................................... 1413
Patrick R. Axon and Samuel A.C. MacKeith
114: Osteitis of the temporal bone 1419
Cheka R. Spencer and Peter Monksfield
115: Squamous cell carcinoma of the temporal bone ..... 1425
Liam Masterson and Neil Donnelly
116: Complications of skull base surgery 1435
Abdul Karim Nassimizadeh and Chris Coulson
Contributors
Charlotte Agrup MD MSc FRCP PhD
Consultant Audiovestibular Physician UCLH
London, UK.
Noweed Ahmad MBChB BSc (HONS) MSc FRCS Ed (ORL-HNS)
Consultant Otolgist, Neuro-Otologist and Skull Base Surgeon Department of Otolaryngology
James Cook University Hospital Middlesbrough, Cleveland, UK.
Alessandro De Alarcón MD MPH
Associate Professor of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
Division of Paediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Centre Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, USA.
David Albert FRCS
Senior Consultant ENT Surgeon Department of Otolaryngology
Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children London, UK.
Christopher P Aldren MA FRCS (ENG) FRCS (ORL-HNS)
Consultant Otolaryngologist
Wexham Park Hospital Slough, UK.
Sue Archbold PhD (HON) LLD
Consultant on Research, Public Policy and Practice on Deafness and Hearing Loss, Cochlear Implantation and Deaf Education
Consultant to The Ear Foundation
Marcus Atlas MBBS FRACS
Garnett Passe and Rodney Williams Memorial Foundation Chair
Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Director, Ear Science Institute Australia Ear Sciences Centre University of Western Australia.
Patrick R Axon MD FRCS (ORL-HNS)
Consultant Otologist and Skull Base Surgeon Department of Otolaryngology, Cambridge University Hospitals Cambridge, UK.
David M Baguley MSc MBA PhD
Head of Audiology
Addenbrooke’s Hospital Cambridge, UK.
Yogesh Bajaj FRCS ORLHNS
ENT Consultant
Royal London Hospital London, UK; and Visiting Professor
Canterbury University Kent, UK.
Doris-Eva Bamiou MD MSc FRCP PhD Professor in Neuroaudiology
Honorary Consultant in Audiovestibular Medicine
MSc in Otology & Audiology (UCL) Course CoDirector
UCL Ear Institute
Royal National Throat Nose Ear Hospital London, UK.
Anil Banjeree MBBS FRCS FRCS(ORL-HNS) Consultant ENT Surgeon/Honorary Senior Lecturer University Hospitals of Leicester/Leicester University Medical School Leicester, UK.
Jane A Baran PhD Professor and Chair Department of Communication Disorders University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst, USA.
Neil Bateman BMedSci BM BS FRCS (ORL-NHS) Consultant Paediatric Otolaryngologist
Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital Manchester, UK.
Helen Benghiat FRCR Consultant Clinical Oncologist (Neuro-Oncology) Hall-Edwards Radiotherapy Research Group Cancer Centre
Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, UK.
Crispin Best MBBS FRCA Consultant in Paediatric Anaesthesia Department of Anaesthesia
Royal Hospital for Sick Children Glasgow, UK.
Thanos Bibas Cert Math MSc PhD FRCSI(Otol)
Assistant Professor in Otolaryngology
University of Athens Athens, Greece
Honoray Reader
UCL Ear Institute London, UK.
Maria Bitner-Glindzicz BSc MBBS DCH FRCP PhD
Professor of Clinical and Molecular Genetics Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme UCL Institute of Child Health; and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children London, UK.
Arnold JN Bittermann MD PhD ENT Surgeon (special interest Paediatric ENT) University Medical Center Utrecht The Netherlands.
Kate Blackmore FRCS(ORL-HNS) MClinEd
ENT Consultant and Honorary Clinical Senior Lecturer
The James Cook University Hospital Middlesbrough, UK.
Derek Bosman FRCS ENT Consultant
The James Cook University Hospital Middlesborough, UK.
Ian D Bottrill BM FRCS FRCS(ORL) Consultant ENT Surgeon
Oxford University Hospital NHS Trust; and Honorary Senior Lecturer University of Oxford John Radcliffe Hospital Oxford, UK.
An Boudewyns MD PhD
Antwerp University Hospital Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Edegem, Belgium.
Julius Bourke MBBS MRCPsych
Principal Investigator: The Brain in Pain Study
Clinical Senior Lecturer in Neurophysiology and Clinical Psychiatry
Honorary Consultant Liaison Psychiatrist Centre for Psychiatry
Wolfson Institute for Preventive Medicine
Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry London, UK.
David A Bowdler MBBS FRCS (GEN SURG) FRCS (OTOLARYN) Consultant ENT Surgeon
Adolfo M Bronstein MD PhD FRCP
Professor of Clinical Neuro-otology
Head, Neuro-otology Unit, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London
Consultant Neurologist
Charing Cross Hospital (Imperial NHS)
National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square (UCLH) London, UK.
Stephen Broomfield FRCS
Consultant Otologist
University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust Bristol, UK.
George G Browning MD FRCS
Emeritus Professor of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery
University of Glasgow; and Visiting Professor to the MRC/CSO Institute of Hearing Research Glasgow, UK.
Iain Bruce MD FRCS(ORL-HNS)
Consultant Paediatric Otolaryngologist
Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital Manchester, UK.
Alan D Cameron FRCOG FRCP(Glas) MD MBChB
Consultant Obstetrician and Subspecialist in Maternal and Fetal Medicine
The Ian Donald Fetal Medicine Unit Southern General Hospital; and Honorary Professor University of Glasgow Glasgow, UK.
A Simon Carney BSc (HONS) MBChB FRCS FRACS MD Associate Professor and Head of ENT Unit Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre Adelaide, South Australia.
Per Caye-Thomasen MD DMSc
Associate Professor Ear, Nose and Throat Department Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen Hellerup, Denmark.
Swarupsingh Chavda MBChB DMRD FRCR
Consultant Diagnostic & Interventional Neuroradiologist
Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, UK.
Linnea Cheung BSc(HONS) MBChB MRCS-DOHNS Speciality Registrar in Otorhinolaryngology
Severn Deanery Gloucestershire, UK.
Raymond W Clarke BA BSC DCH FRCS FRCS(ORL)
Consultant Paediatric Otolaryngologist
Royal Liverpool University Children’s Hospital Alder Hey Liverpool, UK.
W Andrew Clement FRCS MBChB
Consultant Paediatric Otolaryngologist
Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology
Royal Hospital for Sick Children Yorkhill Glasgow, UK.
Lesley Cochrane BSc FRCS
Consultant Paediatric Otolaryngologist
Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children London, UK.
Steve Colley MB ChB MRCS FRCR
Consultant Head & Neck Radiologist
Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, UK.
Chris Coulson PhD FRCS (ORL-HNS)
Consultant Otolaryngologist
NIHR Clinical Lecturer, Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery
School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, UK.
Soumit Dasgupta MBBS DLO MS FRCS MSc FIAOHNS
Consultant Audiovestibular Physician and Neurotologist
Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool Sheffield Vertigo and Balance Centre, Sheffield Honorary Tutor, University of Manchester Manchester, UK.
Katharine Davies MBBCh MRCS (DOHNS) ENT Registrar Aintree University Hospital Liverpool, UK.
Rosalyn A Davies FRCP PhD
Honorary Consultant in Audio-Vestibular Medicine
The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery London, UK.
Sujata De FRCS(ORL-HNS)
Consultant Paediatric ENT Surgeon Alder Hey Children’s Hospital Liverpool, UK.
Maarten de Wolf MD PhD
Consultant ENT Surgeon AMC Amsterdam The Netherlands.
Harvey Dillon BEng PhD
Senior Research Scientist
National Acoustic Laboratories Visiting Professor of Auditory Science University of Manchester; and Adjunct Professor Macquarie University Sydney, Australia.
Adam J Donne PhD FRCS (ORL-HNS)
Consultant Paediatric Otolaryngologist
Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust Liverpool, UK.
Neil Donnelly MSc FRCS (ORL-HNS)
Consultant ENT Surgeon Department of Neuro-otology and Skull Base Surgery Cambridge University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust Cambridge, UK.
Sunil N Dutt MS DNB PhD FRCS (ED) FRCS (ORL-HNS)
DLO (ENG) DORL
Professor, Senior Consultant and Clinical Director Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery
Apollo Group of Hospitals Bangalore, India.
D Gareth R Evans MBBS MRCP MD FRCP
Medical Genetics and Cancer Epidemiology
Manchester University Manchester, UK.
Louisa Ferguson BSc FRCS(ORL-HNS) Cleft Fellow Evelina London Children’s Hospital London, UK.
Andrew Forge PhD MSc BSc
Emeritus Professor of Auditory Cell Biology
UCL Ear Institute London, UK.
Jonathon Gale PhD Professor of Auditory Cell Biology and Interim Director
UCL Ear Institute London, UK.
Julian Gaskin MBChB FRCS (ORL-HNS) DOHNS
Consultant ENT Surgeon University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust Bristol Royal Hospital for Children Bristol, UK.
Michael Gleeson MD FRCS FRACS FDS
Professor of Otolaryngology and Skull Base Surgery Institute of Neurology University College London
Consultant, Guy’s, Kings and St Thomas’ and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery
Honorary Consultant Skull Base Surgeon Great Ormond Street Hospital for Sick Children London, UK.
Wilko Grolman MD PhD
Professor of Otorhinolaryngology Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery University Medical Centre Utrecht Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Graham Haddock MBChB MD FRCS(GLAS) FRCS(PAED)
FFST(EDIN)
Consultant Neonatal and Paediatric Surgeon Royal Hospital for Children Glasgow, UK
Honorary Clinical Associate Professor University of Glasgow Glasgow, UK.
Lucy Handscomb MSc
Clinical Scientist
Module Co-ordinator (Rehabilitation, Counselling Skills, Tinnitus UCL Ear Institute London, UK.
Jonathan P Harcourt MA FRCS
Consultant ENT Surgeon Charing Cross Hospital London, UK.
Suzanne Harrigan BSc
Speech & Language Therapist The Ear Foundation Nottingham, UK.
Catherine K Hart MD
Assistant Professor of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery
Division of Paediatric Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Centre; and Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery
University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, USA.
Benjamin EJ Hartley MBBS BSc FRCS(ORL-HNS)
Consultant Paediatric Otolaryngologist
Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children London, UK.
James Hayden PhD FRCPCH Mb ChB
Consultant Paediatric Oncologist
Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust Liverpool, UK.
William PL Hellier FRCS(ORL-HNS)
Consultant Paediatric Otolaryngologist
Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children London, UK.
Geoffrey Heyes PhD
Lead Physicist for Stereotactic Radiotherapy
Hall-Edwards Radiotherapy Research Group Cancer Centre
Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, UK.
Malcolm P Hilton MA BM BCh FRCS (ENG) FRCS (ORL-HNS)
Consultant Otolaryngologist
Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital; and Clinical Sub-Dean University of Exeter Medical School Exeter, UK.
Sophie J Hollis MRCS (DO-HNS)
ENT Registrar University Hospitals Bristol Bristol, UK.
Ian Hore FRCS (ORL-HNS)
ENT Consultant
Evelina London Children’s Hospital London, UK.
Helen Howard MSc
Hall-Edwards Radiotherapy Research Group Cancer Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, UK.
Charlie Huins MSc FRCS (ORL-HNS)
Consultant ENT Surgeon Specialising in Otology Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, UK.
Alison Hunt FRCS
Consultant Otolaryngologist
Milton Keynes General Hospital Milton Keynes, UK.
S Musheer Hussain MBBS MSc (MANC) FRCS (EDIN) FRCS (ENG) FFST FRCS (ORL)
Consultant Otolaryngologist Head and Neck Surgeon Honorary Professor of Otolaryngology and Consultant ENT Surgeon; and Licenced Teacher of Anatomy
Ninewells Hospital & University of Dundee Medical School
Dundee, UK.
Richard M Irving MD FRCS (ORL-HNS)
Consultant in Neurotology
University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust and Diana Princess of Wales (Birmingham Children’s) Hospital
Honorary Senior Lecturer University of Birmingham Birmingham, UK.
Georgia Jackson MBBS MRCPCH PG D(AUDIOVESTIB MED (DIST)
Previously Consultant Community Paediatrician Royal Berkshire Hospital NHS Foundation Trust Reading, UK.
Chris Jephson BSc FRCS (ORL HNS)
Consultant Paediatric Otolaryngologist Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children London, UK.
Nico Jonas MBChB FRCS FCORL(SA) MMed Consultant Paediatric Otolaryngologist Addenbrooke’s Hospital Cambridge University Hospital Foundation Trust Cambridge, UK.
Gerard Kelly MB ChB MD Med FRCS(ED) FRCS(ORL-HNS)
Consultant ENT and Skull Base Surgeon Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust Honorary Senior Lecturer in Otolaryngology University of Leeds Leeds, UK.
Veronica Kennedy MBBS FRCS MSc Consultant Audiovestibular Physician Bolton NHS Foundation Trust Halliwell Children’s Centre Bolton, UK.
Ameet Kishore MBBS(AFMC) FRCS(GLAS) FRCS(EDIN) FRCS-ORL(UK)
Ear Nose Throat Neuro-Otology & Cochlear Implants Director & Chief Consultant, ADVENTIS (Advanced ENT Service)
Senior. Consultant Surgeon & Professor, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals
Founder & Managing Trustee, I Can Hear Foundation ENT OPD, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals New Delhi, India.
Haytham Kubba MBBS MPhil MD FRCS(ORL-HNS) Associate Professor Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne; and Consultant Otolaryngologist Royal Children’s Hospital Parkville, Australia.
Jeyanthi Kulasegarah MD FRCS (ORL-HNS) Fellow in Neurotology
University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust and Diana Princess of Wales Hospital University of Birmingham Birmingham, UK.
Raghu Nandhan Sampath Kumar MS DNB MRCS (ED)
DOHNS FRCS (ORL-HNS) MCh PhD Clinical Fellow in Neurotology and Skull Base Surgery Queen Elizabeth University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Birmingham, UK.
Thushitha Kunanandam MBChB FRCS(ORL-HNS) Consultant Paediatric Otolaryngologist Royal Hospital for Children Glasgow, UK.
Michael Kuo PhD FRCS (Eng) FRCS (ORL-HNS) DCH Consultant Otolaryngologist – Head and Neck Surgeon Birmingham Children’s Hospital Birmingham, UK.
Jeremy Lavy MBBS (LON) FRCS (ENG) FRCS (ORL-HNS) Consultant Otologist
Royal National Throat and Ear Hospital London, UK.
Rachael Lawrence MBBS BSc ENT Registrar East MidlandsDeanery Leicester, UK.
Nicholas Leahy AuD Clinical Audiologist Louisville Kentucky, USA.
Annabelle CK Leong MBBS (HONS)(LOND) BSc (HONS) DOHNS FRCS (ORL-HNS) Consultant ENT Surgeon/Otologist Singapore Medical Specialists Centre Paragon.
Polona Le Quesne Stabej DVM PhD Research Associate Centre for Translational Genomics – GOSgene Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health London, UK.
Tristram HJ Lesser AKC MBBS FRCSEd MS FHKCORL Consultant ENT Surgeon Renacres Hospital NHS Treatment Centre Lancashire, UK.
Joe J Leyon MBBS MRCP FRCR Consultant Diagnostic & Interventional Neuroradiologist Royal Preston Hospital Lancashire, UK.
Gerald Libby FRCP FRCPsych Professor of Gastrointestinal Psychiatry King Edward VII Hospital; and Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry London, UK.
Simon KW Lloyd MBBS BSc(HONS) MPhil FRCS(ORL-HNS)
Professor of Otolaryngology
Consultant Otolaryngologist
Department of Otolaryngology
Salford Royal Hospital; and Department of Otolaryngology
Manchester Royal Infirmary Manchester academic Health Science Centre University of Manchester Manchester, UK.
James W Loock MBChB (UCT) FCS(SA)ORL FRCS (ENG) ad eundem
Professor and Head Department of Otorhinolaryngology University of Stellenbosch Tygerberg Hospital Cape Town, South Africa.
Linda M Luxon CBE BSc FRCP
Emeritus Professor of Audiovestibular Medicine UCL; and Honorary Consultant Physician in Neuro-otology National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCLH NHS Trust London, UK.
Caroline J MacEwan MBChB MD FRCS FRCOphth
FFSEM FRCP(ED)
Consultant Ophthalmologist
Ninewells Hospital Dundee; and Professor of Ophthamology University of Dundee Dundee, UK.
Fiona MacGregor MBChB FRCS (ORL-HNS)
Consultant Otolaryngologist
Gartnavel General Hospital Galsgow, UK.
Samuel AC MacKeith MBChB FRCS(ORL-HNS)
Consultant ENT Surgeon Department of Otolaryngology John Radcliff Hospital Oxford, UK.
Leen K Maes PhD
Professor and Doctor (Audiologist) Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Ghent University Ghent, Belgium.
Elizabeth Marks D Clin Psy
Clinical Psychologist
Royal National Throat, Nose & Ear Hospital London, UK.
Josephine E Marriage BSc Speech Science MSc
Audiology PhD
Clinical Scientist in Audiology Director at Chear Ltd., Director at Chear Ltd., Bermondsey; and Research Associate Cambridge University Cambridge, UK.
Andrew Marshall FRCS Consultant Otologist Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust Nottingham, UK.
Michael Maslin MSc PhD Audiologist and International Clinical Trainer Interacoustics Academy Middelfart, Denmark.
Liam Masterton FRCS ORL-HNS Department of Neuro-otology and Skull Base Surgery Cambridge University Teaching Hospital NHS Trust Cambridge, UK.
Luke McCadden MB BCh FRCS(ORL-HNS)
Specialist Registrar Otolaryngology Royal Victoria Hospital Belfast, UK.
Andrew McCombe MC FRCS Consultant ENT Surgeon Mediclinic City Hospital, Dubai; and Adjunct Clinical Professor of Surgery Mohammed bin Rashid University Medical School Dubai, UAE.
Don McFerran BA MA MB BChir FRCS FRCS (ORL-HNS) Consultant ENT Surgeon Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust Colchester General Hospital Colchester, UK.
Laurence McKenna M Clin Psychol PhD Clinical Psychologist Royal National Throat, Nose & Ear Hospital London, UK.
Rania Mehanna MBBChBAO BMedSci FRCS(ORL-HNS)
Paediatric ENT Consultant Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital Crumlin Private Clinic Dublin, Ireland.
Peter Monksfield FRCS (ORL-HNS) Consultant ENT and Skull Base Surgeon University Hospitals Birmingham Birmingham, UK.
Mary-Louise Montague MBChB(Hons) PGDipClinEd FRSC(ORL-HNS)
Consultant Paediatric Otolaryngologist, Honorary Clinical Senior Lecturer The Royal Hospital for Sick Children Edinburgh, UK.
Gavin AJ Morrison MA MBBS FRCS
Consultant ENT Surgeon Guy’s, St Thomas’ and Evelina Hospitals London, UK.
Daniel Moualad MA MRCS Specialist Registrar in Otolaryngology Oxford Deanery Oxford, UK.
Payal Mukherjee MBBS MS FRACS
Clinical Associate Professor University of Sydney
Executive Member - RACS NSW Committee
ENT Research Lead - RPA Institute of Academic Surgery
Adult and Paediatric ENT Surgeon Otologist, Cochlear Implant and Skull Base Surgeon Sydney, Australia.
Louisa Murdin PhD MRCP Consultant Audiovestibular Physician Guy’s Hospital London, UK.
Cristina FB Murphy PhD Specialist Audiologist Cromwell Hospital London, UK.
Frank E Musiek PhD Professor Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences University of Arizona Tucson, USA.
Kurdow Nader MBBS MSC FRCR Consultant Diagnostic & Interventional Neuroradiologist Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, UK.
Raj Nandi FRCS MSc
Consultant in Audio-Vestibular Medicine Department of Neuro-otology Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital London, UK.
Antony Narula FRCS FRCS(ED) Consultant ENT Surgeon Professor of Otolaryngology London, UK.
Abdul-Karim Nassimizadeh MBChB, BMedSci, MRCS (ENT) ENT Specialty Registrar University Hospital Birmingham Birmingham, UK.
Jaya Nichani FRCS(ORL-HNS)
Consultant Paediatric Otolaryngologist
Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital Manchester, UK.
Rupert Obholzer BA(Oxon), MBBS, FRCS (ORL-HNS) Consultant ENT / Skull Base Surgeon Guys Hospital, Kings College Hospital; and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery London, UK.
Katherine Ong B App Sci (Speech Path) MA (Appl Ling) Speech Pathologist
Royal Children’s Hospital Parkville, Australia.
Peter O’Sullivan Bsc MPhil FRCSI (ORL-HNS)
Clinical Fellow, Neurotology Department of Otolaryngology
Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Nedlands, Western Australia.
Glynis Parker MB ChB FRCP DCH MSc
Audiovestibular Physician Sheffield Children’s Hospital Sheffield, UK.
John JP Patten BSc MB FRCP Consultant Neurologist (retired) South West Thames Regional Health Authority London, UK.
Marousa Pavlou PhD BA MCSP Lecturer in Physiotherapy Centre of Human and Aerospace Physiological Sciences King’s College London London, UK.
John Phillips BSc(HONS) MBBS MRCS(ENG) FRCS(ORL-HNS) Consultant ENT Surgeon Norfolk & Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Norfolk, UK.
David D Pothier MSc MBChB FRCS (ORL-HNS)
Staff Neurologist
Assistant Professor University of Toronto; and Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Toronto General Hospital University Health Network Toronto, Canada.
Harry RF Powell MBBS BSc DOHNS FRCS (ORL-HNS)
Consultant ENT Auditory Implant Surgeon Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust London, UK.
Steven Powell MBBS MSc FRCS(ORL) Consultant Paediatric Otolaryngologist
Newcastle-Upon-Tyne NHS Foundation Trust Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK.
Chris H Raine MBE ChM FRCS(ORL-HNS)
Consultant ENT Surgeon Yorkshire Auditory Implant Service Listening for Life Centre Bradford Royal Infirmary Bradford, UK.
Gunesh P Rajan MD DM FMH FRACS Professor & Head of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery
Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery School of Surgery University of Western Australia Perth, Australia.
James Ramsden FRCS PhD ENT Consultant & Honorary Clinical Lecturer University of Oxford; and ENT Department John Radcliff Hospital Oxford, UK.
Shankar Rangan MBBS DLO FRCS MSc Consultant Audiovestibular Physician Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Trust Wirral, UK.
Peter A Rea MA FRCS (ENG) FRCS (ORL-HNS) Consultant Otolaryngologist Leicester Royal Infirmary Leicester, UK.
Catherine Rennie BSc MBBS DOHNS PhD FRCS ENT Consultant Charing Cross Hospital Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust.
Peter J Robb BSc(HONS) MBBS FRCS FRCS (ED) Consultant ENT Surgeon Epsom & St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust Epsom, UK.
Benjamin Robertson BDSc(HONS) MBBS PGDiP OMS FRACDS (OMS) FRCS (OMFS) Craniofacial and Oral & Maxillofacial Surgeon Alder Hey Children’s Hospital Supra-Regional Craniofacial Unit Liverpool, UK.
Philip J Robinson MB ChB FRCS FRCS (OTOL) Consultant Adult & Paediatric Otolaryngologist University Hospitals Bristol NHS Trust Bristol, UK.
Natalie Ronan FRCS (ORL-HNS) Consultant ENT Surgeon Torbay Hospital Torbay, UK
Scott A Rutherford MBChB FRCSEd(NEURO SURG) Consultant Neurosurgeon Department of Neurosurgery
Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust Manchester, UK.
Michael J Rutter MBChB FRACS Professor of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery Division of Paediatric Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; and Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, USA.
Shakeel R Saeed MD FRCS (ORL) Clinical Director RNTNEH Professor of Otology/Neuro-otology
UCL Ear Institute
Consultant ENT and Skullbase Surgeon
The Royal National Throat, Nose & Ear Hospital and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery London, UK.
Marina Salorio-Corbetto PhD AFHEA Research Associate Department of Experimental Psychology University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK.
Yougan Saman MBBCh MSc FCORL(SA) PhD Head of Department
Nelson R Mandela School of Clinical Medicine University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban, South Africa.
Paul Sanghera FRCR
Consultant Clinical Oncologist (Neuro-oncology/ Head & Neck)
University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre Birmingham, UK.
Mike Saunders MD FRCS Consultant Otolaryngologist
Bristol Royal Hospital for Children and St Michael’s Hospital Bristol, UK.
David J Scott BA Dip Clin Psy (Otago) Clinical Psychologist
Royal National Throat, Nose & Ear Hospital London, UK.
Fiona Shackley
Consultant Paediatrician (Allergy and Immunology)
Sheffield Children’s Hospital Sheffield, UK.
Rosemary Simmons BSc
Radiotherapy Lead Manager
Hall-Edwards Radiotherapy Research Group Cancer Centre
Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, UK.
Ajay Sinha MS MCh FRCS(SN) Consultant Neurosurgeon Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust Liverpool, UK.
Tony Sirimanna MBBS DLO(RCS-UK) FRCS(ED) FRCP
MS(OTO) MSc
Consultant Audiological Physician
Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust London, UK.
Christopher J Skilbeck MPhil FRCS
Consultant ENT Surgeon Guy’s & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust London, UK.
Cheka R Spencer MSc FRCS (ORL_HNS) ENT Specialist Registrar University Hospitals Birmingham Birmingham, UK.
Susan Standring MBE PhD DSc FKC FRCS(HONS)
Emeritus Professor of Anatomy Department of Anatomy King’s College London, UK.
Sven-Eric Stangerup MD DMSc
Associate Professor Ear, Nose and Throat Department Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen Hellerup, Denmark.
Nicola E Starritt MBBS MD FRCS(ORL-HNS)
Consultant Paediatric Otolaryngologist
The Royal Hospital for Sick Children Edinburgh, UK.
Kate Stephenson FRCS FCORL-HNS(SA) MMed
Consultant Paediatric Otorhinolaryngologist
Head and Neck Surgeon Birmingham Children’s Hospital Birmingham, UK.
Holger H Sudhoff MD PhD FRCS (LON) FRCPath (LON) Professor and Chairman Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Bielefeld Academic Teaching Hospital Münster University Bielefeld, Germany.
Iain RC Swan MD FRCS Consultant Otologist Glasgow Royal Infirmary Glasgow, UK.
Rinze A Tange MD PhD UHD
Associate Professor of Otology Department of ORL, Head and Neck Surgery
Academic Medical Centre University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Ravi Theyasagayam FRCS(ORL-HNS)
Consultant ENT Surgeon Sheffield Children’s Hospital Sheffield, UK.
Mirko Tos† MD DMSc
Emeritus Professor Ear, Nose and Throat Department Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen Hellerup, Denmark.
Stephen C Toynton MB FRCS(OTOL)(ENG) FRCS(ORL) Consultant Otolaryngologist Hawke’s Bay Soldier’s Memorial Hospital Hastings, New Zealand; and Honorary Consultant Plymouth Hospital’s NHS Trust, UK
Former Otology Advisor to Diving Diseases Research Centre and Hyperbaric Medical Unit Plymouth, UK.
Keith G Trimble MB MCh MPhil FRCS(ORL-HNS)
Consultant Paediatric Otolaryngologist
Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children Belfast, UK.
Daniel J Tweedie MA FRCS (ORL-HNS) DCH
Consultant Paediatric ENT, Head and Neck Surgeon Evelina London Children’s Hospital NHS Trust Guildford, UK.
Peter Valentine BSc FRCS (ORL-HNS)
Consultant Otologist and ENT Surgeon Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Trust Guildford, UK.
† deceased
Vincent WFM Van Rompeaey MD PhD
Senior staff member Antwerp University Hospital FacultY of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Antwerp Belgium.
Astrid Webber BSc MBBS FRCP
Consultant in Clinical Genetics Liverpool Women’s NHS Foundation Trust Liverpool, UK.
Inge Wegner MD PhD
Resident Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery
University Medical Centre Utrecht Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Jeffrey Weihing PhD CCC-A, FAAA Audiologist
Maine Medical Center Maine, USA
Justin Weir MBBS MD FRCPath
Consultant Head and Neck Pathologist Charing Cross Hospital; and Imperial College Healthcare Trust London, UK.
Claire Westrope MBCHB MRCPCH
Consultant PICU/ECMO
Clinical Lead PICU/CICU
University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust Leicester, UK
Paul S White MBChB FRACS FRCS (Ed)
Consultant Rhinologist, Ninewells Hospital Honorary Senior Lecturer, University of Dundee Dundee, UK.
Ian Williamson MD FRCSEd FRCGP
Clinical Senior Lecturer School of Medicine, Primary Care & Population Sciences University of Southampton Southampton, UK.
Sally A Wood MSc
Consultant Clinical Scientist (Audiology) NHS Newborn Hearing Screening Programme UK National Screening Committee/NHS Screening Programmes
Public Health England London, UK.
Peter-John Wormald MD FRACS FRCS (EDIN) FCS (SA) MBChB
Chairman and Professor of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery
Professor of Skull Base Surgery University of Adelaide Adelaide, Australia.
Tony Wright LLM DM FRCS Tech RMS
Emeritus Professor of Otorhinolaryngology
UCL Ear Institute London, UK.
Pensee Wu MRCOG MD (RES) DFSRH MBChC Honorary Consultant Obstetrician and Subspecialist in Maternal and Fetal Medicine
Lecturer in Obstetrics and Gynaecology
University if Keele; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
University Hospital of North Staffordshire Stoke-on-Trent, UK.
Floris L Wuyts PhD Professor, Faculty of Sciences Lab of Biophysics and Biomedical Physics
Antwerp University Research Center for Equilibrium and Aerospace Antwerp, Belgium.
Michelle Wyatt MA (CANTAB) FRCS (ORL-HNS)
Consultant Paediatric Otolaryngologist
Head of Clinical Service for ENT, Cochlear Implant and Audiology
Great Ormond Street Hospital London, UK.
David M Wynne MB ChB PgDip FRCS
Consultant Paediatric Otolaryngologist
Royal Hospital for Children Glasgow, UK.
May MC Yaneza FRCS-ORL PGDip PGCert DOHNS MRCS MBBS BSc
ENT Registrar West of Scotland Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology
Royal Hospital for Sick Children Glasgow, UK.
Philip D Yates MB ChB FRCS (ORL-HNS) Consultant Otolaryngologist
Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Volume 1 – Table of Contents
Section 1 Basic sciences
Cell biology
1: Molecular biology
Michael Kuo, Richard M. Irving and Eric K. Parkinson
2: Genetics in otology and neurotology
Mohammed-Iqbal Syed
3: Gene therapy
Seiji B. Shibata and Scott M. Graham
4: Mechanisms of anticancer drugs
Sarah Payne and David Miles
5: Radiotherapy and radiosensitizers
Christopher D. Scrase, Stewart G. Martin and David A.L. Morgan
6: Apoptosis and cell death
Angela Hague
7: Stem cells
Navin Vig and Ian C. Mackenzie
8: Aetiology and pathogenesis of goitre
Neil Sharma and Kristien Boelaert
9: Genetics of endocrine tumours
Waseem Ahmed, Prata Upasna and Dae Kim
Wound healing
10: Soft and hard tissue repair
Sarah Al-Himdani and Ardeshir Bayat
11: Skin flap physiology
Colin MacIver and Stergios Doumas
12: Biomaterials, tissue engineering and their application in the oral and maxillofacial region
Kurt Busuttil Naudi and Ashraf Ayoub
Immunology
13: Defence mechanisms
Ian Todd and Richard J. Powell
14: Allergy: Basic mechanisms and tests
Sai H.K. Murng
15: Evaluation of the immune system
Moira Thomas, Elizabeth Drewe and Richard J. Powell
16: Cancer immunology
Osama Al Hamarneh and John Greenman
17: Human papillomavirus
Mustaffa Junaid and Hisham M. Mehanna
18: Connective tissue diseases: ENT complications
Eileen Baildam
Microbiology
19: Microorganisms
Ursula Altmeyer, Penelope Redding and Nitish Khanna
20: Viruses and antiviral agents
Richard B. Townsley, Camille A. Huser and Chris Hansell
21: Fungal infections
Emily Young, Yujay Ramakrishnan, Laura Jackson and Shahzada K. Ahmed
22: Antimicrobial therapy
Ursula Altmeyer, Penelope Redding and Nitish Khanna
23: Human immunodeficiency virus
Neil Ritchie and Alasdair Robertson
Haematology
24: Blood groups, blood components and alternatives to transfusion
Samah Alimam, Kate Pendry and Michael F. Murphy
25: Haemato-oncology
Robert F. Wynn and Mark Williams
26: Haemostasis: Normal physiology, disorders of haemostasis and thrombosis
Elizabeth Jones and Russell David Keenan
Pharmacotherapeutics
27: Drug therapy in otology
Wendy Smith
28: Drug therapy in rhinology
Wendy Smith
29: Drug therapy in laryngology and head and neck surgery
Wendy Smith and Rogan Corbridge
Perioperative management
30: Preparation of the patient for surgery
Michael Murray and Urmila Ratnasabapathy
31: Recognition and management of the difficult airway
Valerie Cunningham and Alistair McNarry
32: Adult anaesthesia
Daphne A. Varveris and Neil G. Smart
33: Adult critical care
Robert I. Docking and Andrew Mackay
34: Paediatric intensive care
Louise Selby and Robert Ross Russell
Safe and effective practice
35: Training, accreditation and the maintenance of skills
B. Nirmal Kumar, Andrew Robson, Omar Mirza and Baskaran Ranganathan
36: Communication and the medical consultation
Uttam Shiralkar
37: Clinical governance and its role in patient safety and quality improvement
Samit Majumdar and S. Musheer Hussain
38: Medical ethics
Paul Baines
39a: Medical jurisprudence in otorhinolaryngology
Maurice Hawthorne
39b: Medical negligence in otorhinolaryngology
Maurice Hawthorne
40: Non-technical skills for ENT surgeons
Simon Paterson-Brown and Stephen R. Ell
Interpretation and management of data
41: Epidemiology
Jan H.P. van der Meulen, David A. Lowe and Jonathan M. Fishman
42: Outcomes research
Iain R.C. Swan and William Whitmer
43: Evidence-based medicine in medical education and clinical practice
Phillip Evans
44: Critical appraisal skills
Paul Nankivell and Christopher Coulson
Advances in technology
45: Electrophysiology and monitoring
Patrick R. Axon and Bruno M.R. Kenway
46: Optical coherence tomography
Jameel Muzaffar and Jonathan M. Fishman
47: Recent advances in technology
Wai Lup Wong and Bal Sanghera
48: Image-guided surgery, 3D planning and reconstruction
Ghassan Alusi and Michael Gleeson
49: Interventional techniques
James V. Byrne
50: Laser principles in otolaryngology, head and neck surgery
Brian J.G. Bingham
51: Contact endoscopy of the upper aerodigestive tract
Mario Andrea and Oscar Dias
Section 2 Head and neck endocrine surgery
Overview
52: History of thyroid and parathyroid surgery
Waraporn Imruetaicharoenchoke, Ashok R. Shaha and Neil Sharma
53: Developmental anatomy of the thyroid and parathyroid glands
Julian A. McGlashan
54: Developmental anatomy of the pituitary fossa
John Hill and Sean Carrie
55: Physiology of the thyroid and parathyroid glands
Martin O. Weickert
56: Physiology of the pituitary gland
Mária Hérincs, Karen Young and Márta Korbonits
57: Imaging in head and neck endocrine disease
Steve Colley and Sabena Fareedi
58: Thyroid and parathyroid gland pathology
Ram Moorthy, Sonia Kumar and Adrian T. Warfield
Thyroid disease
59: Clinical evaluation of the thyroid patient
Andrew Coatesworth and Sebastian Wallis
60: Investigation of thyroid disease
Anthony P. Weetman
61: Benign thyroid disease
Christopher M. Jones and Kristien Boelaert
62: Management of differentiated thyroid cancer
Hisham M. Mehanna, Kristien Boelaert and Neil Sharma
63: Management of medullary thyroid cancer
Barney Harrison
64: Management of anaplastic thyroid cancer/lymphoma
James D. Brierley and Richard W. Tsang
65: Management of locoregionally recurrent differentiated thyroid cancer
Iain J. Nixon and Ashok R. Shaha
66: Non-surgical management of thyroid cancer
Laura Moss
Thyroid surgery
67: Thyroidectomy
Ricard Simo, Iain J. Nixon and Ralph P. Tufano
68: Surgery for locally advanced and nodal disease
Joel Anthony Smith and John C. Watkinson
69: Minimally invasive and robotic thyroid surgery
Neil S. Tolley
70: Surgery for the enlarged thyroid
Neeraj Sethi, Josh Lodhia and R. James A. England
Parathyroid disease
71: Clinical evaluation of hypercalcaemia
Mo Aye and Thozhukat Sathyapalan
72: Investigation of hyperparathyroidism
M. Shahed Quraishi
73: Management of hyperparathyroidism
Neil J.L. Gittoes and John Ayuk
74: Management of persistent and recurrent hyperparathyroidism
David M. Scott-Coombes
75: Management of parathyroid cancer
Pamela Howson and Mark Sywak
Parathyroid surgery
76: Bilateral parathyroid exploration
R. James A. England and Nick McIvor
77: Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy
Parameswaran Rajeev and Gregory P. Sadler
78: Surgical failure and reoperative surgery
Schelto Kruijff and Leigh Delbridge
Thyroid and parathyroid outcomes
79: Complications of thyroid and parathyroid surgery and how to avoid them
Erin A. Felger, Dipti Kamani and Gregory W. Randolph
80: Thyroid and parathyroid surgery: Audit and outcomes
David Chadwick
81: Medicolegal aspects of head and neck endocrine surgery
Barney Harrison
Pituitary disease
82: Clinical evaluation of the pituitary patient
Sean Carrie, John Hill and Andrew James
83: Investigation of pituitary disease
Thozhukat Sathyapalan and Stephen L. Atkin
84: Primary pituitary disease
Christopher M. Jones and John Ayuk
85: Surgical management of recurrent pituitary tumours
Mihir R. Patel, Leo F.S. Ditzel Filho, Daniel M.
Prevedello, Bradley A. Otto and Ricardo L. Carrau
86: Adjuvant treatment of pituitary disease
Andy Levy
Section 3 Rhinology
87: Anatomy of the nose and paranasal sinuses
Dustin M. Dalgorf and Richard J. Harvey
88: Outpatient assessment
Martyn L. Barnes and Paul S. White
89: Physiology of the nose and paranasal sinuses
Tira Galm and Shahzada K. Ahmed
90: Measurement of the nasal airway
Ron Eccles
91: Allergic rhinitis
Quentin Gardiner
92: Non-allergic perennial rhinitis
Jameel Muzaffar and Shahzada K. Ahmed
93: Occupational rhinitis
Hesham Saleh
94: Rhinosinusitis: Definitions, classification and diagnosis
Carl Philpott
95: Nasal polyposis
Louise Melia
96: Fungal rhinosinusitis
Eng Cern Gan and Amin R. Javer
97: Medical management for rhinosinusitis
Claire Hopkins
98: Surgical management of rhinosinusitis
A. Simon Carney and Raymond Sacks
99: The frontal sinus
Salil Nair
100: Mucoceles of the paranasal sinuses
Darlene E. Lubbe
101: Complications of rhinosinusitis
Stephen Ball and Sean Carrie
102: The relationship between the upper and lower respiratory tract
Nigel K.F. Koo Ng and Gerald W. McGarry
103: Nasal septum and nasal valve
Shahram Anari and Ravinder Singh Natt
104: Nasal septal perforations
Charles East and Kevin Kulendra
105: Management of enlarged turbinates
Andrew C. Swift and Samuel C. Leong
106: Epistaxis
Gerald W. McGarry
107: Nasal and facial fractures
Dae Kim and Simon Holmes
108: CSF leaks
Scott M. Graham
109: Granulomatous conditions of the nose
Joanne Rimmer and Valerie J. Lund
110: Abnormalities of smell
Richard L. Doty and Steven M. Bromley
111: Disorders of the orbit
Nithin D. Adappa and James N. Palmer
112: Diagnosis and management of facial pain
Rajiv K. Bhalla and Timothy J. Woolford
113: Juvenile angiofibroma
Bernhard Schick
114: Endoscopic management of sinonasal tumours
Alkis J. Psaltis and David K. Morrissey
115: Surgical management of pituitary and parasellar diseases
Philip G. Chen and Peter-John Wormald
116: Extended anterior skull base approaches
Carl H. Snyderman, Paul A. Gardner, Juan C. Fernandez-Miranda and Eric W. Wang
117: Imaging in rhinology
Gregory O’Neill
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me. She said it never failed. I have no friends to lose, but I am a stranger to poverty and sickness.”
“I will give it to her to-morrow,” taking from her hand a smooth dark-green stone, about the size of a filbert. “As to having no friends, may Miss Gordon and I not call ourselves your friends?”
“How can an English lady, and an English sahib, be the friends of —a woman of my people?” she inquired, with a face as expressionless as a mask.
“It shall be as you will,” he answered gravely. “But I see nothing to stand between us. Remember that we wish to be your friends, if you will have us. And now I’m afraid I must go.”
He saw her lips quiver, as she suddenly turned away her face, and dismissed him with a quick imperious gesture.
Ere he left the valley he looked back once. The Persian was standing precisely where he had left her. In answer to his farewell signal, she waved a handkerchief—and thus involuntarily betrayed herself. It was the action of an Englishwoman!
Mr. Pollitt was actually reluctant to abandon this life of pastoral simplicity. The fragrant garden, the clear exhilarating air, the sturdy simple hill folk, the view of hill and plains, steeped in a blue or violet haze, appeared to hold him fast. He and Fernandez agreed to travel together in a leisurely comfortable fashion; but Mark would not and could not wait. He was in love. Where love exists, it is the only thing in life—all else is nothing. He laid a dâk of his three ponies on the road, and, early one afternoon, galloped off to Shirani, with two wedding presents in his pocket.
Perhaps the grey and bay ponies were as anxious as their rider to return to their former haunts; at any rate, the forty miles which lay
between the Pela Kothi and Rookwood were accomplished at a pace that has never yet been approached, and as the result of this rapid travelling, Mark Jervis arrived a considerable time before he was expected. That evening Lady Brande had been entertaining a dinnerparty, one of her most superior “burra-khanas.” People had left the table and were assembled in the drawing-room, where it was generally noted that Miss Gordon was looking brilliantly handsome. Yes, she had entirely recovered her looks. A few months ago she had gone off most terribly; but that queer hushed-up love affair of hers had been quite enough to blanch her face and waste away her flesh. Some one was at the piano singing a penetrating Italian love song, when it became evident that an exceedingly late guest was on the point of arrival. There was the flash of a lantern outside, the stamping of ponies’ hoofs, and the sound of a manly voice that set Honor’s heart beating.
Sir Pelham slipped away for a moment, and then returned and glanced significantly at his wife.
She rose at once, and hurried out of the room, and was seen through the open verandah in animated conversation with a young fellow in riding dress. Etiquette forbade Honor—the most concerned —to move. Propriety chained her hand and foot.
“I hope you will excuse me,” panted Lady Brande, returning somewhat breathless, and addressing her guests, in a voice between laughing and crying. “He declares that he is not fit to appear. He has just come back.—It is only Mr. Jervis!”
