Uncover the Stories of Great Civilizations
Discover Your Global Identity through National Geographic Exploration
Discover the legacies of the past
Join the Explorers, Scientists, Writers, and Consultants Who Share Their Life’s Work
National Geographic Unit Explorers and Scientists
Steven Ellis Archaeologist National Geographic Grantee
William Parkinson Archaeologist National Geographic Grantee
Francisco EstradaBelli National Geographic Grantee
Aziz Abu Sarah Cultural Educator National Geographic Emerging Explorer
Maurizio Seracini Cultural Heritage Engineer National Geographic Fellow
Fredrik Hiebert Archaeologist National Geographic Fellow
Louise Leakey Paleontologist National Geographic Explorer-in-Residence
Christopher Thornton Archaeologist National Geographic Lead Program Officer of Research, Conservation, and Exploration
Albert Lin Research Scientist / Engineer National Geographic Emerging Explorer
Learn About Today’s Stories Making History World History: Ancient Through Early Modern Times
World History: Great Civilizations
Verso page, Chapter 27 head etc s/b blue like Ch 26
S TO RIE S M AKING HIS TO RY
Please run B.C. and A.D. as roman, not ital, in Unit head
WHY STUDY HISTORY Dr. Fredrik Hiebert Archaeology Fellow, National Geographic Society
The world changes on a daily basis, and National Geographic is there. Join five National Geographic voices as they tell the stories of five current global events. Learn about these newsworthy topics, discuss what might come next, and think about how these events impact you, the place you live, and the people you know—your global citizenship.
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198
Introduction .......................................................................... 832
World History: Great Civilizations
Great Civilizations: Ancient Through Early Modern Times
Lexile®: 1040L
Lexile®: 1040L
Print and eEdition available in both English and Spanish
Print and eEdition available in both English and Spanish
Alternate Edition Units
Origins of Cultures and Civilization
American Civilizations
Origins of Cultures and Civilization
African Civilizations
Early Civilizations
Empires of Asia
Early Civilizations
American Civilizations
The World of the Romans Byzantine and Islamic Civilizations African Civilizations
Medieval and Renaissance Europe Revolutions and Empires The Modern World
UNIT 3
GREEK
Saving Cultural Heritage ................................................. 836 Brave individuals work to preserve Syria’s cultural heritage amidst civil war and unrest. NG VOICE: Salam Al Kuntar, Emerging Explorer
CIVILIZATION Section 2 Kingdoms and Exile 2.1 Israel and Judah .................................... 132 2.2 Exile and Return ................................... 134 2.3 The Diaspora ........................................ 136 2.4 National Geographic Explorer Beverly Goodman: Uncovering the Story of Caesarea’s Port .................................... 138
Our Shared History ............................................................ 838 When precious artifacts are stolen or go missing, specialists spring into action to return them to their homeland. NG VOICE: Fredrik Hiebert, Archaeology Fellow Into the Okavango Delta: A Live-Data Expedition ................................................ 840 Conservationists survey the Okavango Delta in Africa, sharing all of their data in real-time to call attention to the protection of the delta’s unique ecosystem and the threatened species that rely on it for survival. NG VOICES: Steve Boyes and Shah Selbe, Emerging Explorers
Comprehensive Edition Units
Greek Civilizations
Renewing Relationships: Cuba and the United States ........................................... 834 After decades of hostility, two neighboring countries work to reopen trade, travel, and diplomacy. NG VOICE: Juan José Valdéz, Geographer
Chapter 6 ANCIENT INDIA ........................................... 142 Section 1 Indus River Civilizations 1.1 The Geography of Ancient India ............. 144 1.2 Harappan Civilization ............................ 146 1.3 Aryan Migrations .................................. 148 1.4 Hindu Beliefs and Practices .................... 150 1.5 Document-Based Question: Hindu Sacred Texts ............................... 152 1.6 Siddhartha and Buddhism ...................... 154
Peacemaking Through Photography ....................................................................... 842 The unfolding story of the world’s newest nation is captured in photographs by South Sudanese students participating in National Geographic’s Photo Camp.
Section 2 Indian Empires 2.1 The Maurya Empire ............................... 156 2.2 The Gupta Empire ................................. 158 2.3 The Legacy of Ancient India ................... 160
Think It Through ............................................................... 844
Greek Civilizations
Empires of Asia
The World of the Romans
Medieval and Renaissance Europe
ANCIENT CHINA .......................................... 164 Section 1 River Dynasties 1.1 The Geography of Ancient China ............ 166 1.2 Shang and Zhou Dynasties ..................... 168 1.3 Chinese Philosophies ............................ 170 1.4 Document-Based Question: Contrasting Belief Systems .................... 172
ON LOCATION
William Parkinson, Archaeologist .................... 200 Time Line of World Events ............................. 202 Geography in History: Ancient Greece ........... 204
Chapter 8
Section 2 China’s Empires 2.1 Biography: Shi Huangdi ......................... 174 2.2 The Great Wall ..................................... 176 2.3 Moments in History: Terra Cotta Warriors ............................. 178 2.4 The Han Dynasty .................................. 180 2.5 The Legacy of Ancient China .................. 182
ANCIENT GREECE ........................................ 206 SectionPlease 1 Early Greece run B.C. and A.D. as 1.1 Mysterious Minoans.............................. 208 roman, not ital, in Unit head 1.2 Mycenaean Civilization .......................... 210 1.3 The Age of Heroes ................................ 212 1.4 City-States ........................................... 214 1.5 Colonization and Trade ......................... 216
Section 3 East Meets West 3.1 The Silk Roads ..................................... 184 3.2 Trade on the Silk Roads.......................... 186 3.3 History Through Objects: Goods from the Silk Roads .................... 188 3.4 National Geographic Explorer Fredrik Hiebert: Excavating Along the Silk Roads ............. 190
Section 2 Sparta and Athens 2.1 Sparta’s Military Society ........................ 218 2.2 Athens’s Democratic Society ................. 220 2.3 Uniting Against the Persians .................. 222 2.4 Moments in History: The Battle of Thermopylae .................... 224
UNIT 2 WRAP-UP ON LOCATION
UNIT 8
Reference Section ................................................................. R1
Christopher Thornton, Archaeologist ............... 194
EMPIRES OF
ASIA
xxi ON LOCATION
Byzantine and Islamic Civilizations
(2000 B.C.—323 B.C.)
Chapter 7
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Albert Lin, Research Scientist/Engineer ............. 514 Time Line of World Events ............................. 516 Geography in History: Asian Empires.............. 518
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Chapter 18 DYNASTIES OF CHINA ............................... 520 Section 1 A Golden Age of Prosperity 1.1 Reunification Under the Sui Dynasty ....... 522 1.2 The Spread of Buddhism ........................ 524 1.3 Tang and Song Dynasties ....................... 526 1.4 The Legacy of Chinese Inventions ........... 528 Section 2 The Mongol Empire 2.1 Biography: Genghis Khan ....................... 530 2.2 Life in Yuan China ................................. 532 2.3 Document-Based Question: Travels on the Silk Roads ........................ 534 Section 3 The Ming Dynasty 3.1 Return to Chinese Rule .......................... 536 3.2 Zheng He’s Explorations ........................ 538 3.3 China Turns Inward ............................... 540 3.4 National Geographic Explorer Christine Lee: Exploring China’s Diverse Cultures .......... 542
Chapter 19 JAPANESE CIVILIZATION ............................ 546 Section 1 Early Japan 1.1 The Geography of Japan ........................ 548 1.2 Early Beliefs and Cultures ...................... 550 1.3 Prince Shotoku ..................................... 552 1.4 Influences from China ........................... 554
(400—1912)
CLASSICAL GREECE ..................................... 228
Section 2 The Peloponnesian War WHY STUDY HISTORY 236 2.1 War Breaks Out .................................... 2.2 The Defeat of Athens ............................ 238 Dr. Fredrik Hiebert 2.3 Document-Based Question: Archaeology Fellow, Athenian Democracy............................. 240 National Geographic Society Section 3 Alexander the Great 830 3.1 Philip of Macedonia .............................. 242 3.2 Biography: Alexander the Great.............. 244 3.3 The Spread of Hellenistic Culture ............ 246 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Section 4 The Legacy of Ancient Greece 4.1 Philosophy and Literature ...................... 248 4.2 Arts and Architecture ............................ 250 4.3 Moments in History: The Parthenon ....... 252 4.4 Democracy and Law .............................. 254
UNIT 3 WRAP-UP
UNIT 11 xi
THE
xii
Section 2 Japanese Art and Culture 2.1 Literature and the Arts .......................... 556 4/23/15 10:00 AM ix-xxi_SE52303_TOC.indd 2.2 Document-Based Question: Poetry and Prose .................................. 558 2.3 Zen Buddhism ...................................... 560 Section 3 Japanese Feudalism 3.1 Samurai and Shoguns ............................ 562 3.2 History Through Objects: Tools of the Samurai.............................. 564 3.3 Unification and Isolation........................ 566
Chapter 20 KOREA AND SOUTHEAST ASIA ................. 570 Section 1 Korea’s Early History 1.1 The Three Kingdoms ............................. 572 1.2 History Through Objects: Korean Artifacts ................................... 574 1.3 Koryo and Choson Dynasties .................. 576 1.4 Korean Culture ..................................... 578 Section 2 Southeast Asian Civilizations 2.1 Vietnamese Kingdoms ........................... 580 2.2 The Khmer Empire ................................ 582 2.3 Angkor Wat.......................................... 584
UNIT 8 WRAP-UP ON LOCATION
Albert Lin, Research Scientist/Engineer ............. 588
ON LOCATION
William Parkinson, Archaeologist .................... 258
MODERN WORLD (1900—Present)
12
4/23/15 10:00 AM
ON LOCATION
Aziz Abu Sarah, Cultural Educator ................... 752 Time Line of World Events ............................. 754 Geography in History: The Modern World ....... 756
Chapter 26 THE WORLD AT WAR .................................. 758 Section 1 War and Revolution 1.1 The Great War ...................................... 760 1.2 Technology and the War ........................ 762 1.3 Document-Based Question: Memories of World War I ....................... 764 1.4 The Russian Revolution.......................... 766 1.5 Europe After World War I....................... 768 Section 2 Between the Wars 2.1 Economic Collapse ................................ 770 2.2 Life in the Great Depression ................... 772 2.3 The Rise of Authoritarianism .................. 774 Section 3 World War II 3.1 War in Europe ...................................... 776 3.2 War in the Pacific.................................. 778 3.3 On the Home Front............................... 780 3.4 The Holocaust ...................................... 782 3.5 Moments in History: D-Day ................... 784 3.6 Allied Victories ..................................... 786
Chapter 27 GLOBAL CONNECTIONS .............................. 790 Section 1 A Postwar World 1.1 The Partition of India ............................ 792 1.2 Independence in Southeast Asia ............. 794 1.3 Postcolonial Africa ................................ 796 1.4 Shifts in Southwest Asia ........................ 798 Section 2 The Cold War 2.1 The Iron Curtain ................................... 800 2.2 A Divided Berlin ................................... 802 2.3 Mao’s China ......................................... 804 2.4 Cold War Hot Spots .............................. 806 2.5 The Fall of Communism ......................... 808 Section 3 Into the 21st Century 3.1 Transitions to Democracy ...................... 810 3.2 Oil and Conflict in Southwest Asia .......... 812 3.3 Moments in History: The Attacks on September 11................. 814 3.4 Confronting Terrorism ........................... 816 3.5 The Arab Spring .................................... 818 3.6 Global Citizens in a Global Economy........ 820 3.7 New Faces ........................................... 822
UNIT 11 WRAP-UP ON LOCATION
Aziz Abu Sarah, Cultural Educator .................. 826
xvii
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Chapter 9 Section 1 The Golden Age of Greece 1.1 Pericles and Democracy ........................ 230 1.2 The Athenian Empire ............................. 232 1.3 Religion and the Gods ........................... 234
4/23/15 10:28 AM
xx
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Students Find the Answer to Why Study History?
4/23/15 10:35 AM
Uncover the Stories of Great Civilizations
Print and Digital Paths through History
Discover the legacies of the past
Motivate and Engage Your Classroom with myNGconnect myNGconnect.com for Students • Student eEdition (English and Spanish) • Online Modified Text (mt) • Student Handbooks • Student Field Journal
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CHAPTER
CHAPTER
UNIT
• Vocabulary Practice pages • Formal assessment (quizzes, tests through ExamView®) • Social Studies Skills Lessons
10
10
UNIT
4
CHAPTER
10
RESOURCES AND ASSESSMENT
THE
509 B.C. – 44 B.C.
SECTION 1
EARLY ROME NAMES & PLACES
consul dictator legend patrician peninsula plebeian republic tribune veto
Aeneas Cicero Cincinnatus Etruscans Forum Romulus and Remus Senate Tiber River Twelve Tables
ORGANIZE IDEAS: COMPARE AND CONTRAST
INTRODUCE THE PHOTOGRAPH
SHARE BACKGROUND
Remind students that comparing and contrasting two topics or ideas can help them better understand new information. Model completing the Venn diagram by reading the first paragraph under “The Young Republic” in Section 1.3 and adding the terms patricians and plebeians under the headings “Rich People” and “Poor People,” respectively.
Have students study the model of Rome and the images that accompany it. Explain that this model represents the city at its greatest point during the time of the Roman Empire and that, in this chapter, they will learn about factors that contributed to its growth and development. ASK: How does Rome resemble modern cities you have seen? (Possible responses: It has many roads and buildings of different sizes. It contains places for entertainment and worship. It has an infrastructure that provides resources for its citizens.)
The model of imperial Rome was commissioned by Mussolini in 1933 to commemorate the 2,000th anniversary of the birth of Caesar Augustus. Depicting the city during the time of the emperor Constantine, it is built on a scale of 1:250 and is more than 55 feet across. The model is currently on display at the Museum of Roman Civilization in Rome.
Painting of gladiators in the Colosseum
Rich People
Poor People
SECTION 2
SOCIETY AND CULTURE KEY VOCABULARY
NAMES & PLACES
aristocracy pantheon patriarchy
Council of Plebs
INTRODUCE CHAPTER VOCABULARY
INTRODUCE THE READING STRATEGY
ROMAN REPUBLIC
KEY VOCABULARY
The Roman Republic
INTRODUCE THE CHAPTER
Temple of Venus and Rome
KEY DATES 753 B.C.
Traditional founding of Rome
509 B.C.
Beginning of the Roman Republic
450 B.C.
Creation of the Twelve Tables
264— 146 B.C.
The Punic Wars
59 B.C.
Formation of the First Triumvirate
48 B.C.
Defeat of Pompey by Julius Caesar
44 B.C.
Assassination of Julius Caesar
SECTION 3
THE ARMY AND EXPANSION KEY VOCABULARY
NAMES & PLACES
legionary province
Carthage Hannibal Punic Wars
SECTION 4
Claudian Aqueduct
THE END OF THE REPUBLIC NAMES & PLACES
First Triumvirate Julius Caesar
READING STRATEGY
World History: Ancient Through Early Modern Times
World History: Great Civilizations
KEY VOCABULARY
civil war reform
ORGANIZE IDEAS: COMPARE AND CONTRAST When you
Rich People
Poor People
read, you often compare and contrast one thing with another to help you understand new information. As you read the chapter, use a Venn diagram like this one to compare and contrast the lives of rich people and poor people in the Roman Republic.
This model of Rome shows the city as it might have looked in A.D. 312. 269
268 UNIT 4
270-271_SE52303_U04CO10.indd 268
World History: Great Civilizations
Great Civilizations: Ancient Through Early Modern Times
Lexile®: 1040L
Lexile®: 1040L
Print and eEdition available in both English and Spanish
Print and eEdition available in both English and Spanish
Comprehensive Edition Units
Alternate Edition Units
Origins of Cultures and Civilization
American Civilizations
Origins of Cultures and Civilization
African Civilizations
Early Civilizations
Empires of Asia
Early Civilizations
American Civilizations
Greek Civilizations
Medieval and Renaissance Europe
Greek Civilizations
Empires of Asia
The World of the Romans
Medieval and Renaissance Europe
Revolutions and Empires
Byzantine and Islamic Civilizations
The Modern World
11/24/14 8:54 AM
Introduce Essential Question and click to see Teacher Notes
Become Part of the Global Conversation
UNIT
4
CHAPTER
Teach from clean, crisp 2-page lessons with vocabulary defined at point of use
10 284-293_SE52303_U04CH10S3.indd 286
The World of the Romans
Enjoy embarking on a journey
11/24/14 270-271_SE52303_U04CO10.indd 8:54 AM 269
3.2
HIS TO RY TH ROUG H O BJEC T S
ROMAN ARMOR
Galea, or Helmet
The iron helmet followed a design used by warriors from Gaul.
The ridge protected against vertical sword strikes.
“The infantry soldier carries so much equipment that he differs little Wide cheek flaps protected the face but left ears exposed to hear orders.
from a mule,” said an observer frrom the first century A.D. Along with his armor, shield, and weapons, which combined weighed some 50 pounds, a soldier had to carry food, tools, and personal belongings that could double the weight. Based on what you see here, what might have been some challenges that Roman soldiers encountered on and off the battlefield?
Javelin
Hooded Cloak
Wool kept soldiers warm.
The heavy javelin was thrown at close range and was designed to bend on impact.
Breastplate
A wide projection shielded the neck and deflected blows from behind.
Made of steel plates bound by leather straps, it weighed about 20 pounds and was lined with padding for comfort.
Stake
Each soldier carried two to build a palisade.
Iron Pick
Picks were used in camp construction.
Byzantine and Islamic Civilizations
Canteen
Canteens held posca, a mixture of vinegar and water.
1/8/15 284-293_SE52303_U04CH10S3.indd 2:19 PM 287
African Civilizations
Discover the Online Atlas with over 50 World and Regional Maps, Historical Maps, and Feature Maps
Legionaries wore it on the right; officers wore it on the left.
Rucksack
Ladle
Soldiers carried cooking and eating utensils.
Dagger
Learn how Rome’s Geography Helped it Become Powerful
Sword
The short dagger had a stone handle and was worn on the hip.
The carryall contained tools and rations.
The shield’s iron boss and rim were used as weapons to punch the enemy.
Around two feet long, the javelin’s iron spear had a pyramidal, or arrow-shaped, tip.
Engage students by exploring details in history to captivate their interest Made of ash, the javelin’s shaft measured between four and five feet.
Sheath
Made of wood, it was covered in decorative leather.
Click on tabs and icons for interactive planning and to access concise teaching strategies
Tunic
Soldiers wore red wool tunics under armor.
Shield
Scabbard
Made of iron and often engraved, the scabbard had rings to attach it to the belt.
The Roma
Sandals
Sandals were made
The leather-covered wooden shield weighed over 20 pounds. A legion’s unique emblem was painted on the front.
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I study history because it’s fascinating and because I can ... I love finding out how similar or different people were from us ... I’m proud that we are excavating the stories of families whose histories would otherwise never be told.
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