HIGH-RISE RESEARCH
High-Rise Research Nicole Hovest Peter Land Spring 2013
TABLE OF CONTENTS North America
pg. 2-22 pg. 1-19
Asia
pg.pg. 42-59 38-55
1000 Feet Tower- Lev Zetlin- Milwaukee, WI Bank of China- I. M. Pei Partners- Hong Kong, China 1500 Feet Tower- Lev Zetlin- New York, NY Burj Khalifa- SOM- Dubai, United Arab Emirates 500 Story Tower- Robert Sobel- Houston, TX Century Tower- Norman Foster & Partners- Tokyo, Japan Chicago Spire- Santiago Calatrava- Chicago, IL [proposed] Hong Kong Bank- Norman Foster & Partners- Hong Kong, China Citicorp Center- Hugh Stubbins & Associates- New York, NY Lighthouse Tower- Atkins Global- Dubai, United Arab Emirates [proposed] Clean Technology Tower- Adrian Smith Gordon Gill- Chicago, IL [proposed] Linked Hybrid- Steven Holl- Beijing, China Hearst Tower- Norman Foster & Partners- New York, NY Lippo Centre- Paul Rudolph- Hong Kong, China Hooker Building- Cannon Design Inc.- Niagra Falls, NY Menara Mesinga Tower- Dr. Ken Yeang- Selangor, Malaysia Inland Steel Building- SOM- Chicago, IL Millenium Tower- Norman Foster & Partners- Tokyo, Japan John Hancock Building- SOM- Chicago, IL Nakheel Tower- Woods Baggot- Dubai, United Arab Emirates [proposed] Lever House- SOM- New York, NY National Commercial Bank- SOM- Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Manitoba Hydro Place- KPMB Architects- Winnipeg, Canada Nara Tower- Dr. Ken Yeang- Tokyo, Japan Marina City- Bertrand Goldberg Associates- Chicago, IL Kabuki-Cho Tower- Richard Rogers Partnership- Tokyo, Japan New York Residential Tower- Santiago Calatrava- New York, NY Sino Land Tower- Paul Rudolph- Hong Kong, China New York Times Building- Renzo Piano- New York, NY Treasury Building- Hugh Stubbins & Associates- Singapore Pepsi-Cola Building- SOM- New York, NY Turbine Tower- Richard Rogers Partnership- Tokyo, Japan Sears Tower- SOM- Chicago, IL World Trade Center- Atkins Global- Bahrain, Saudi Arabia World Trade Center- Minoru Yamasaki- New York, NY pg.pg. 60-63 WTC[2]- Norman Foster & Partners- New York, NY Australia 56-58 WTC[3]- Richard Rogers Partnership- New York, NY Australia Square- Harry Seidler & Associates- Sydney pg. 23-41 Europe pg. 20-37 Grollo Tower- Harry Seidler & Associates- Melbourne MLC Center- Harry Seidler & Associates- Sydney Commerzbank Tower- Norman Foster & Partners- Frankfurt, Germany Daiwa Finance Headquarters- Richard Rogers Partnership- London, England Glass Skyscrapers- Mies Van Der Rohe- Berlin, Germany [proposed] GSW Headquarters- Suarerbach and Hutton- Berlin, Germany 122 Leadenhall St- Richard Rogers Partnership- London, England [proposed] Lloyds Building- Richard Rogers Partnership- London, England Lloyds Register of Shipping- Richard Rogers Partnership- London, England Post Tower- Murphy/ Jahn Architects- Bonn, Germany Potsdamer Platz- Renzo Piano- Berlin, Germany Project 112- Future Systems- London, England RWE Headquarters- Ingenhoven Overdiek, Kahlen & Partners- Essen, Germany Skyhouse- Marks Barsfield- London, England [proposed] Strata SE1- BFLS- London, Englad Swiss Re Tower- Norman Foster & Partners- London, England The Shard- Renzo Piano- London, England Tour Sans Fins- Jean Nouvel- Paris France Turning Torso- Santiago Calatrava- Malmo, Sweeden Wind Tower- Sinisa Stankovic- United Kingdom
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NORTH AMERICA
2
1000 FEET TOWER Lev Zetlin Milwaukee, WI 1960
Height: 1,000 feet Material: steel Structure: 5 hyperbiolic shaped drums (60-90 feet diameter) stacked/ dynamic staking system with cables Energy Concept: tension vs. compression resist wind loads Other Info: Drums made of straight, intersecting steel pipe segments and horizontal tension rings
3
1500 FEET TOWER Lev Zetlin New York, NY 1960
4
500 STORY TOWER
Robert Sobel/ Nat W Krahl Houston, TX 1975
Height: 5,000 feet Levels: 500 Material: steel Structure: 16, 200 foot bundled tiangular tubes, tapered from botom to top Other Info: The base was proposed to cover nearly 16 city blocks (250 feet by 250 feet)
5
CHICAGO SPIRE Santiago Calatrava Chicago, IL 2009
Height: 2,000 feet Levels: 150 Material: steel/ glass Structure: curtain wall system Energy Concept: spiral floor plates decrease wind load on building Other Info: Each floor is rotated 2 degrees from the one below/ totaling 270 degrees
6
CITICORP CENTER
Hugh Stubbins & Associates/ William LeMessurier Associates New York, NY 1977
Height: 915 feet Levels: 50 Floor to Ceiling Height: 12’-9� Material: steel/ glass Structure: diagonal steel bracing Other Info: tuned mass damper to control wind sway movement
7
CLEAN TECHNOLOGY TOWER Adrian Smith Gordan Gill Chicago, IL 2012
Energy Concept: wind turbines/ photovoltaic cells/ net-zero energy/ LEED Other Info: a domed double roof cavity captures air, creating a wind farm/ negative pressures ventilate the interior/ wind turbines at the corners capture wind at its highest velocity
8
HEARST TOWER
Norman Foster & Partners/ WSP Cantor Seinuk New York, NY 2006
Height: 597 feet Levels: 42 Floor to Ceiling Height: 13’-6� Material: steel/ glass Structure: steel truss frame/ triangulated structure/ curtain wall Energy Concept: 80% recycled steel and designed to consume 25% less energy Other Info: no vertical steel beams are used above the base of the building
9
HOOKER BUILDING Cannon Design Inc. Niagra Falls, NY 1980
Height: 120 feet Levels: 9 Material: steel/ glass Structure: double glass facade Energy Concept: ventialtion space is located between sepperate glass panes, where air is drawn in from the bottom and released at the buildings top/ louvers are also located between the panes of glass to adjust the level of natural light into the building, keeping it cool in the summer and warm in the winter
10
INLAND STEEL BUILDING SOM Chicago, IL 1957
Height: 332 feet Levels: 19 Material: steel/ glass Structure: stainless steel curtain wall Other Info: the design of the curtain wall was the first of its kind/ coulumns are offset from the glass curtain wall
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JOHN HANCOCK BUILDING SOM/ Fazlur Kahn Chicago, IL 1969
Height: 1,127 feet Levels: 100 Floor to Ceiling Height: 8’- 8” Material: steel/ glass Structure: exterior columns and spandrel beams reinforced by diagonal bracing and structural floors Other Info: the form of the building tapers from bottom to top 12
LEVER HOUSE
SOM/ Weiskopf and Pickworth New York, NY 1952 Height: 307 feet Levels: 24 Material: steel/ glass Structure: steel frame/ curtain wall Energy Concept: heat resistant glass Other Info: major renovation in 1998 replaced existing facade with aluminum glazinf channels, stainless steel mullions and caps, and new glass
13
MANITOBA HYDRO PLACE
KPMB Architects/ Crosier Kilgour and Halcrow Yolles Winnipeg, Canada 2009 Height: 377 feet Levels: 21 Material: steel/ glass/ concrete Structure: double wall/ insulated curtain wall Energy Concept: consumes 88 kWh/m 2 per year/ solar chimmney/ geothermal HVC/ 100% fresh air Other Info: column free space
14
MARINA CITY TOWERS
Bertrand Goldberg Associates/ Severud Associates Chicago, IL 1962
Height: 587 feet Levels: 65 Material: concrete/ glass Structure: 35 foot diameter concrete structural core Other Info: cylindrical core stabalizzes tower
15
NEW YORK RESIDENTIAL TOWER Santiago Calatrava New York, NY 2006
Height: 826 feet Levels: 56 Material: steel Structure: steel frame/ cubes offset from eachother Other Info: each cube consists of 4 levels that makeup a single family home
16
NEW YORK TIMES BUILDING Renzo Piano/ Thorton Tomasetti New York, NY 2004
Height: 1,140 feet Levels: 50 Material: steel/ glass/ concrete Structure: braced core and four exterior braced X-frames Energy Concept: exterior sunscreen Other Info: double curtain wall
17
PEPSI-COLA BUILDING SOM New York, NY 1960
Levels: 13 Material: steel/ glass/ concrete Structure: curtain wall/ 10 steel columns/ concrete floor plates Other Info: 9’ x 13’x 1/2” glass panels were the largest obtainable at the time/ the building appears to be supported by the two piers at the ground level
18
SEARS TOWER SOM/ Fazlur Kahn Chicago, IL 2004
Height: 1,450 feet Levels: 110 Material: steel/ glass Structure: bundled-tube structural system/ steel exoskeleton Other Info: tubes vary at height and the building form tapers from bottom to top
19
WORLD TRADE CENTER
Minoru Yamasaki/ Leslie E Robertson & Associates New York, NY 1973
Height: 1,353 feet Levels: 110 Material: steel/ glass/ concrete Structure: rigid hollow tube of closely spaced steel columns/ floor trusses extended across a central core/ columns 18.75� wide and 22� apart Other Info: towers were destroyed in 2001 20
WTC[2]
Norman Foster & Partners/ Cantor Seinuk Group New York, NY 2014
Height: 1,764 feet Levels: 98 Material: steel/ glass/ concrete Structure: steel frame/ curtain wall/ triangular diagrid Other Info: towers act jointly to resist wind loads 21
WTC[3]
Richard Rogers Partnership New York, NY 2014 Height: 1,168 feet Levels: 80 Material: steel/ glass Structure: diamond shape bracing/ load sharing system Energy Concept: Other Info:
22
EUROPE
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COMMERZBANK TOWER
Norman Foster & Partners/ Ove Arup and Partners Frankfurt, Germany 1997 Height: 980 feet Levels: 53 Material: steel/ concrete Structure: triangular, reinforced concrete slabs supported by steel columns Energy Concept: every office is daylit and has operable windows Other Info: atrium and gardens divide the floor plan and facade
24
DAIWA FINANCE HEADQUARTERS
Richard Rogers Partnership/ Ove Arup and Partners London, England 1999
Height: 246 feet Levels: 18 Material: steel/ concrete/ glass Structure: curtain wall Energy Concept: triple glazed windows (minimum solar gain/ maximum daylight) photocells Other Info: atrium and gardens divide the floor plan and facade
25
GLASS SKYSCRAPERS Mies Van Der Rohe Berlin, Germany 1921
Levels: 20 Material: glass Structure: curtain wall Other Info: composed of three towers
26
GSW HEADQUARTERS
Suarerbach and Hutton/ Ove Arup and Partners Berlin, Germany 1999
Height: 267 feet Levels: 22 Material: steel/ glass Structure: double skin facade Energy Concept: natural ventilation, reduced solar gain, daylighting, passive strategy for sun screening, air cross ventilation, thermal storage, stack heating
27
122 LEADENHALL STREET
Richard Rogers Partnership/ Ove Arup and Partners London, England 2003
Height: 728 feet Levels: 47 Material: steel/ glass Structure: perimeter based mega frame tube structure Other Info: ladder frame
28
LLOYD’S BUILDING
Richard Rogers Partnership/ Ove Arup and Partners London, England 1986 Height: 289feet Levels: 14 Floor to Ceiling Height: 9’-9” Material: steel/ glass Structure: steel frame/ curtain wall Energy Concept: triple glazed solar control glass (minimum solar gain/ maximum daylight)/ ventilated cavity
29
LLOYDS REGISTER OF SHIPPING
Richard Rogers Partnership/ Anthony Hunt London, England 2000
Height: 190 feet Levels: 14 Material: steel/ concrete/ glass Structure: steel frame/ concrete floors Energy Concept: minimum solar gain/ maximum daylight/ photocells/ 30% less emissions
30
POST TOWER
Murphy Jahn Architects/ Werner Sobek Bonn, Germany 2003 Height: 498 feet Levels: 42 Floor to Floor Height: 11’-8� Material: steel/ concrete/ glass Structure: double skin facade/ concrete core/ composite structure/ pile foundation Energy Concept: minimum solar gain/ maximum daylight/ natural ventilation/ solar energy/ 60% less cost/ programmable blinds
31
POTSDAMER PLATZ
Renzo Piano/ Ove Arup and Partners Berlin, Germany 1999
Height: 196 feet Levels: 17 Material: steel/ concrete/ glass Structure: curtain wall
32
PROJECT 112 Future Systems London, England 1984
Height: 2,132 feet Levels: 152 Material: steel/ concrete Structure: central structural core and outer geodesic framework of structural members
33
RWE HEADQUARTERS
Ingenhoven Overdiek, Kahlen & Partners/ Hochtief AG Haptniederlasseny Rhein-Ruhr, Hoch-end Ingenieurbau Essen, Germany 1996
Height: 416 feet Levels: 32 Material: steel/ glass Structure: double skin facade/ twin shell/ fully glazed Energy Concept: daylighting/ naturally ventilated 34
SKYHOUSE
Marks Barsfield London, England 2010 Levels: 40 Energy Concept: wind turbines/ solar collectors/ rainwater and greywater collection/ CHP system/ photovoltaics Other Info: 3 leaf plan channels wind through the building’s center into turbines.
35
STRATA SE1
BFLS/ WSP Group London, England 2010
Height: 486 feet Levels: 43 Material: steel/ glass Structure: post tension slabs/ triple layer facade Energy Concept: wind turbines/ biomass CHP centers/ grey water collection
36
SWISS RE TOWER
Norman Foster & Partners/ Ove Arup and Partners London, England 2003
Height: 590 feet Levels: 41 Material: steel/ glass/ concrete Structure: perimeter steel diagrid of intersecting columns and horizontal hoops around building circumfrence Energy Concept: building shape allows for reduced wind load 37
THE SHARD
Renzo Piano/ Ove Arup and Partners London, England 2010 Height: 1,016 feet Levels: 66 Floor to Ceiling Height: 9’-0� Material: steel/ glass Structure: tapered steel beams Energy Concept: 33% less energy costs/ double ventilated facade/ dry-air cooler/ tapered form reduces wind load
38
TOUR SANS FINS
Jean Nouvel/ Ove Arup and Partners Courbevoie, France 1989 Height: 1,396 feet Levels: 100 Material: steel/ glass/ concrete Structure: steel and glass facade/ concrete core Energy Concept: tuned mass damper
39
TURNING TORSO Santiago Calatrava Malmo, Sweeden 2004
Height: 623 feet Levels: 50 Material: steel/ concrete Structure: circular reinforced concrete structural core/ steel truss exoskeletion/ curtain wall/ pile foundation Energy Concept: building for reduces wind load
40
WIND TOWER Sinisa Stankovic United Kingdom 2001
Height: feet Levels: Material: Structure: Energy Concept: Other Info:
41
ASIA
42
BANK OF CHINA
I.M. Pei Partners/ Leslie E Robertson Associates Hong Kong, China 1990 Height: 1,205 feet Levels: 70 Material: glass/ steel/ concrete Structure: composite steel and concrete floor slabs/ columns braced by steel diagonals Energy Concept: structure designed so that less steel had to be used
43
BURJ KHALIFA
SOM/ Hyder Consulting Dubai, United Arab Emirates 2008
Height: 2,716 feet Levels: 162 Material: glass/ steel/ concrete Structure: hexagonal central core with upward spiraling mass Energy Concept: low wind impact/ reflective glass/ cooler concrete mixture Other Info: y-shaped floor plan allows for max light and views
44
CENTURY TOWER
Norman Foster & Partners/ Ove Arup & Partners Tokyo, Japan 1991 Height: 341 feet Levels: 21 Material: steel/ glass Structure: diagonal bracing linking every floor/ curtain wall Energy Concept: seismic engineering (rollers)
45
HONG KONG BANK
Norman Foster & Partners/ Ove Arup & Partners Hong Kong, China 1985 Height: 586 feet Levels: 44 Material: steel/ concrete/ glass Structure: steel tube columns with cross bracing Energy Concept: daylighting/ sun shades
46
LIGHTHOUSE TOWER
Atkins Global/ IBE Consulting Engineers Dubai, United Arab Emirates 2012 Height: 1,319 feet Levels: 64 Energy Concept: wind turbines/ solar panels/ reduced energy 65%/ reduced water 40%
47
LINKED HYBRID
Steven Holl/ Guy Nordenson & Associates Beijing, China 2009 Height: 223 feet Levels: 21 Material: steel/ glass/ concrete Energy Concept: geothermal walls for heating and cooling Other Info: 8 towers linked by sky bridge
48
LIPPO CENTRE Paul Rudolph Hong Kong China 1998
Height: 564 feet/ 610 feet Levels: 44/ 48 Material: steel/ concrete/ glass
49
MENARA MESINGA TOWER
Dr. Ken Yeang/ Reka Perunding Sdn Bhd Selangor, Malaysia 1993 Height: 206 feet Levels: 15 Material: concrete/ glass Structure: central core/ curtain wall Energy Concept: solar panels/ sky gardens/ natural ventialtion/ daylit/ shades to reduce solar gain
50
MILLENIUM TOWER
Norman Foster & Partners/ Ove Arup & Partners Tokyo, Japan 1989 Height: 2,775 feet Levels: 170 Material: steel/ glass Structure: helical bands around conical mass Energy Concept: wind and solar generators/ aerodynamic shape to reduce wind loads
51
NAKHEEL TOWER
Woods Baggot/ WSP Group Dubai, United Arab Emirates 2008 Height: 3,300 feet Levels: >200 Material: steel/ glass Structure: 4 central cores Energy Concept: wind passes through core openings reducing wind load/ black water treatment/ storm water harvesting/ solar panels/ wind turbines
52
NATIONAL COMMERCIAL BANK SOM/ SOM Jeddah, Saudi Arabia 1983
Height: 400 feet Levels: 27 Material: travertine facade Other Info: 3 triangluar courtayrds interrupt solid facade
53
NARA TOWER Dr. Ken Yeang Tokyo, Japan 1993
Height: 2,887 feet Levels: 210 Structure: spiral mass Energy Concept: bioclimatic skyscrapers/ vertical gardens clean air, muffle sound, and cool building
54
ROVER BUILDING
Richard Rogers/ Umezawa Design Office Tokyo, Japan 1990 Levels: 12 Material: steel/ concrete/ glass Structure: steel cables between concrete floors Other Info: Kabuki Cho Building
55
SINOLAND TOWER Paul Rudolph Hong Kong, China 1989
Height: >1,000 feet Levels: 90 Structure: 4 columns frame building mass Other Info: first 150 feet of building are open/ seperated into 8 blocks, consisting of 10 levels/ each block is seperated by a floor housing mechanical systems
56
TREASURY BUILDING
Hugh Stubbins & Associates Singapore, Republic of Singapore 1977 Height: 770 feet Levels: 52 Floor to Ceiling Height: 9’-3” Material: steel/ concrete/ glass Structure: mat foundation/ curtain wall/ central core and outrigger
57
TURBINE TOWER
Richard Rogers Partnership/ Ove Arup & Partners Tokyo, Japan 1992 Energy Concept: wind turbines/ photovoltaic/ naturally daylit and ventilated Other Info: wind tunnel tested form
58
WORLD TRADE CENTER
Atkins Global/ WS Atkins & Partners Bahrain, Saudi Arabia 2008 Height: 787 feet Levels: 50 Material: steel/ concrete/ glass Energy Concept: wind turbines between towers/ solar panels Other Info: skybridges hold turbines/ building shape funnel wind to turbines
59
AUSTRALIA
60
AUSTRALIA SQUARE
Harry Seidler & Associates/ Pier Luigi Nervi Sydney, Australia 1967 Height: 557 feet Levels: 50 Material: concrete Structure: tapering columns/ curved screen walls Other Info: world’s tallest lightweight concrete building
61
GROLLO TOWER
Harry Seidler & Associates Melbourne, Australia 2000 Height: 1,837 feet Levels: 113 Material: steel/ prestressed concrete Structure: diagonal bracing
62
MLC CENTER
Harry Seidler & Associates/ Pier Luigi Nervi Sydney, Australia 1978 Height: 748 feet Levels: 60 Floor to Floor Height: 11’-4” Material: reinforced concrete Structure: octagonal floor plan/ 8 load bearing columns/ curtain wall/ tube in tube system
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