ARCHITECTURE STUDIO AIR 2014 DESIGN STUDIO
AIR
Thi Nhu Lan Nguyen 569295
THI NHU LAN NGUYEN 569295
Something about me My name is Lan. I am a third year student at the university of Melbourne undertaking bachelor of Environment majoring in architecture. I am from Vietnam-one of the fastest developing countries in the world where I believe I can get greatly further in the architecture field. I am interested in pretty much everything related to art. Especially, I have a great passion for cinema industry apart from architecture. I grew up from a background that leads me to have a special relationship with architecture. Since I was small, I have always been interested in my father’s constructional models as he is a civil engineer and gaining a chance to study architecture at Melbourne University is something out of expectation to me. I have learned to have critical thinking in my study and been showing how to research and bring deep meaning to my design unlike what other people do in Vietnamese architecture university, they are all great at computing skills but not the design ideas that count. During my studies, I have got really interested in environmentally sustainable design and that has always been what I want to persuade in my future career. I love how architecture has a strong impact on human being and especially on the environment. We live a world where environmental issue has recently been one of the greatest concerns and we have diligently been working on how to treasure the mother of nature. I found passive design and innovative technologies in architecture nowadays are how I could give a helping hand.
Past experience with Rhino Through several architectural design studios, Rhinoceros has been an important tool to do modelling, rendering and to express my ideas in the design presentations. I am a type of person that is not great at computer related stuff. I have tried to experience through and continued to improve myself in using and controlling architectural software. The first time I was introduced to Rhinoceros was in my first year subject called Virtual Environments. Believe it or not, I was so scared at that time when the subject actually requires students to work on a design process in which they transform an 3D physical model into a digital presentation of that form using Rhino to panel and do modelling. First year student with an overwhelmed feeling when I had to get to use many different softwares that I had never had a single idea of them beforehand. However, throughout the process, I was amazed at how a computing tool can aid us that much in creating and transforming our design into a digital model and finally bringing it to life by making a physical model of it. Apart from Rhinoceros, I have been developing my skills in several computer-aided design software such as Revit, Photoshop, Indesign, 3ds Max. Especially, I have never thought of persuading grasshopper as a aided tool in my future career since I have been receiving advices from other graduated architecture students that it is not popular in Vietnam to use grasshopper to make a digital model and parametric design has still been something uncommon in architecture field in Vietnam. However, once I got to know grasshopper and was introduced about parametric design, I have got a feeling that it is what I want to persuade in the future.
CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Something about me
PART A A 1. D E S I G N F U T U R I N G Energy technology research: Flying Wind Farms: Future Power Harvesters. Design precedent: MARY-GO-ROUND IN 2.0 A 2. D E S I G N C O M P U T A T I O N Computation and Computerisation Design precedent: ICD-ITKE Research Pavilion 2012 Design precedent: Beijing Olympic Stadium A 3. C O M P O S I T I O N / G E N E R A T I O N Design Precedent: Eco-Sustainable Housing Design Precedent: Favela Cloud Design Precedent: Marine Gateway, Kaohsiung Taiwan A 4. C O N C L U S I O N A 5. L E A R N I N G O U T C O M E
A1. DESIGN FUTURING Flying Wind Farms: Future Power Harvesters. How would you like swarms of kite-like airborne turbines spinning at high altitudes sending power down via nano-tube cable tethers to generate power for your community? This could very well be a true picture of future power harvesters according toNASA. A federal fund of $100,000 is being reserved for exploring these high-altitude, nano-tube cable tethered, above-ground wind farms. The project will check all aspects as well as weigh the pros and the cons of a wind farm such as this one. Features of Flying Wind Farms A prototype planned by Italian start-up TWIND has a pair of balloons at 2,600 feet. The open sails move antagonistically so while one moves downwind the other moves upwind. This movement spins a turbine to generate power. The option of offshore flying wind turbines is also being explored to solve the airspace competition issue. Advantages Presented At higher altitudes, wind has more power and velocity and is more consistently predictable. As power generated goes up because of higher wind resistance proportional to the cube of relative velocity, more power can be generated. That works out to be some 8 – 27 times the power produced at ground level. The tethers can haul in the kites/balloons housing the turbines during storms or for general maintenance work. Less pollution is an advantage, as well as the fact that it will not take up much precious ground space for installation.
German company Nature Technology Systems (NTS) develops unconventional wind energy systems. Instead of towers and turbines, they use giant kites flying at an altitude of 500 meters. Compared to conventional wind power generators, the increased height and wind speeds lead to increased energy output, the company says. The kites automatically fly in circles and are attached to a vehicle on tracks which in turn powers an electricity generator as it is being pulled. NTS’s technology is still in the early stages of development and there is still uncertainty about how exactly the wind power is transformed to produce energy.
MARY-GO-ROUND IN 2.0 Artist Team: Quentin Duvillier, Adrien Piebourg Artist Location: Paris, France In agreement with the master plan prepared by the’’ Department of Recreation & Park’’, the project sets up on the summit of the site. Visible from everywhere, it offers by its rotation a slow show and a surprise for the visitors who come to take advantage of the site. The project was designed based on the ideas of the virtual world and the ecological one that are fighting on the earth and how billion people in the world using the internet and when every day more people are posting comments on Facebook, than doing things for the environment Here, a carousel of three rings is powered by wings using wind energy at a very high altitude. The wind circulation is as invisible as the information on the web. The wings represent the individuality of each user in one system. Starting from the central core, the rings are a diagram of the controls exercised between the web and a man, between energy and the web, between man and the environment. the project really impressed me at the first sight, it preserves the quality of Freshkills site by its low ground impact. I actually did a research about creative alternative energy solutions which is Flying Wind Farms: Future Power Harvesters. instead of towers and turbines, they use giant kites flying at an altitude of 500 meters. Compared to conventional wind power generators, the increased height and wind speeds lead to increased energy output. and even thought this technology is still in the early stages of development and there is still uncertainty about how exactly the wind power is transformed to produce energy but I am still really interested in it, i was thinking that how far would i go with that and how would I transform that into my studio air project, would it be a possible mission to bring that to life until I saw this amazing project on Lagi website. I was like, this is exactly what I need. The wings create a signal visible from dozen of kilometers. This is the signal of an attraction offering the public a confrontation between the web and nature. Above the ground, the outer ring provides a mobile lookout over the surrounding countryside. This viewpoint is the place of confrontation, where walkers and wildlife lovers meet the virtual world lovers coming to acquire the latest digital consumer products. The closer we get to the center, more pervasive web is felt: The central rings of the hosts the body’’ plug’’.
“Design futuring� has to confront two tasks: slowing the rate of defuturing (because, as indicated, for us humans the problem adds up to the diminution of the finite time of our collective and total existence) and redirecting us towards far more sustainable modes of planetary habitation.�
A2. DESIGN COMPUTATION
What is COMPUTATION?
Computation allows software and artificial intelligence to engage more directly with the design process, with the designer creating general guidelines and boundaries for the computer to abide by. Thís allows for further exploration in a more ad-hoc manner without a dominant preconceptualised plan. This approach to design contains a large amount of complexity, giving rise to amergent characteristics. “Parametric thinking introduces the shift in the mindset between the search for an specific static and defined formal solution, and the design of the specific stages and factors used to achieve it. It is the use of algorithms and advanced computational techniques not for the sake of drawing shapes, but creating formal possibilities. It is not about producing a solution, but the family of possible outcomes.”
AND What is COMPUTERISATION?
Design by computerisation suggests that the designer has already conceived an idea where computer modelling software and other rendering/drawing/design tools are later used to help in visualisation. Most part of a design would have already been predetermined before any use of computers. This is a more tradition approach when compared with computation methods. “The computerisation of the catalogue to the architectural collections started in 1996 and was fully integrated into the database structure. It was decided to undertake a major upgrade to the data content as data entry progressed so that the work is still only 50% complete.”
ICD-ITKE Research Pavilion 2012
“The Institute of Building Structures and Structural Design (ITKE) and the Institute for Computational Design (ICD) at the University of Stuttgart are collaborating on a new temporary research pavilion. The focus is on biomimetic design strategies for performative morphology in architecture. Specifically, the structural morphology of natural fibre-composites as found in the exoskeletal cuticula of arthropods, are transfered into a carbon-fibre and glass-fiber reinforced composite lay-up through a custom robotic filament placement process. The project will be located on the University’s campus in the city centre of Stuttgart and is scheduled to be opened at the end of August 2012. The robotic filament placement will happen on-site in a custom fabrication setup, which was developed as part of this project.�
Beijing Olympic Stadium This magnificent stadium, popularly known as the “bird’s nest” from the tangle of twisted metal pieces that make up its architectural structure, was built with the primary objective of being the main stage of the Olympic games, the opening and closing ceremonies, and some parties in the Olympic Football Tournament at the 2008 Beijing Olympics. The Stadium, designed by Swiss Jacques Herzog and Pierre de Meuron in collaboration with ArupSport and China Architecture Design & Research Group, won the international convened in 2002 precisely because the original settlement proposal, inspired by the plot of a nest and made up a myriad of twigs and entanglement, managed to impress a jury which included professional and impressive Koolhaas, Nouvel and Perrault. The project received a budget of $500 million dollars. The Olympic Stadium in Beijing was the view of the architects “brilliant aesthetic and structural challenges”. The special features of this stadium, which was the main stage of the 2008 Olympics, suggest it being completely closed. In fact, in correspondence with the central area, the ceiling is a transparent membrane, through which passes the light from outside. The remaining part of the structure is covered by a translucent layer that protects it from adverse weather and a second layer of acoustic insulation. To the architecture of Herzog & de Meuron, attentive to the materials and implementing new solutions, this project has also become an opportunity for experimentation and research, both during the “creative” stage as during its work. The design is based on the nests of birds, not only aesthetically but also at a structural level. The entire structure, visible from the outside, mirrors the branches of the nests that working together with each other achieve unimaginable resistance to the elements. At the center of the area that also houses other Olympic structures, the stadium seems to be perched like a spaceship, with a quiet majesty whose appeal is given by its slight undulation.
A 3. C O M P O S I T I O N
What is Parametric design? There is no precise definition and there are other related terms and synonyms: generative, computational, digital, computer aided, associative. Basically it’s far more sophisticated than using computer instead of drawing board. Often when You draw/model your concept, You follow certain operations which are monotone and repetitive, they are algorithms and what’s for sure computers are best at algorithms, so why should You do it manually ? For example, think of an elevation with windows, each window must have an area equal to 1/8 of room’s floor area. It’s simple, but when next day You’ll decide that 1/7 will do better, and there are 1000 windows ? Let the computer handle this algorithm!
Everyday objects, data mapping and visualization, elevations, structures, floor plans, urban plans. In my opinion floor plans and urban plans should be done in very limited amount, because they are synthetic and context-aware. Such algorithms are extremely hard to figure out. Parametric design is another tool for designers, architects, as any tool You have to learn it to make benefits of it, and benefits are impressive.
/ G E N E R A T I O N Eco-Sustainable Housing – Parametric Design This project focuses on the development of new housing typology in Oman, generated through the accumulation of independent variables into a system of relationships, where the interdependencies generate a variation of possibilities that is able to adapt to local conditions. The development of inhabitable units will be dependent on environmental variables and eco-sustainable principles to achieve new spatial and per formative configurations. The housing unit will use a rhomboid framework constrained within two strips to produce a parametric model. Through the control of the width, length, and thickness of the surface it is possible to create a responsive inhabitable unit that increases the wall thickness in high temperatures and deforms the rhomboid framework according to internal pressure and wind velocity. The idea of improving the light conditions and creating different micro climate areas inside the unit was solved with the use of local materials (limestone) and simple manufacturing techniques. Cutting the stone in different sizes that respond to the variation of solar radiation along a surface is possible thanks to complex geometries, such as the arch. To create a two bedroom unit only eight cubic meters of limestone are necessary; the waste cut will be used to create mixed concrete for the foundation. The proliferation of the units on the site will be driven from a quarry organization. By arraying the units along the contour lines of the topography it is possible to control the quantity of materials that will be cut from the landscape. The space between the units will be used for water collection during heavy rain storms.
Marine Gateway, Kaohsiung T
The new Kaohsiung Marine Gateway Terminal designed by Asymptote is a new sta change, an urban destination with both terminal and public facilities including exhibiti of Kaohsiung as well as for national and international visitors. The project transform into a dynamic urban hub and a global gateway that bring a powerful and electric ex
The port terminal as envisioned by Asymptote is designed to invigorate an at the water. The port terminal extends the urban realm from the center terfront and connects this new urban space with the vitality of the futu er public recreational and commercial activities that are to be located along th
Key components of Asymptote’s design are two elegant towers, a sculptural termina an elevated position between them, and a plinth below that connects the towers an ban space. This open plaza is an articulated yet continuous public space that is loca culation paths that seamlessly draw the urban space of Kaohsiung into the heart of edge and back towards the city. These provide access to a number of important pub contribute to the dramatic entry sequence to the port facilities. This intertwining of programming creates an activated public realm, providing a unique experience to ship
The curved form of the terminal hall sits delicately yet majestically above the large open moving back and forth between the harbor and the city. From the city, the terminal forms the harbor and water beyond. The sculpted underside of the floating building provides strong sun and seasonal rains while at night it provides dramatic illumination for the ong ebrations. The interior of the terminal building provides a spectacular culmination; a so above leads up to the large clear span of the terminal hall with sweeping panoramas of t one side and of the Sea, the sky and the horizon on the other. These are experienced wi sophisticated geometry of the curved shell roof and the lightweight sculptural panels sus pattern of the assembly creates ever-changing spatial and light effects, celebrating the e
Taiwan
ate of the art transportation intertion and event spaces for the people ms the site from its industrial roots xperience to the city 24 hours a day.
nd activate Kaohsiung’s city edge of Kaohsiung to the city’s waure Pop Music Center and othhe planned park at water’s edge.
al hall that is framed and hovers in nd accommodates a new public urated at the very intersection of cirf the project through to the water’s blic spaces and programs as well as public and private access as well as p passengers and city dwellers alike.
plaza activated by the flow of people an urban scaled aperture that frames s shelter to the urban space from the going public activities, events and celoaring vertical space naturally lit from the City and the Kaohsiung skyline on ithin a dramatic space defined by the spended below where the geometric events of both arrival and departure.
REFLEC CONCLUSION After
exploring
and
exposing
myself
to
many
Parametric
designs
and
computation
al processes, I am amazed that there are so much to learn about and the research for this journal has brought me to so many awe-inspiring projects all over the world. Part A has shown me the computational processes and challenged me through algorithmic ap proach. However, it has been a significantly great experience for me to learn about paramet ric designs which are still seen as an “alien� in my country or to be exactly, in my hometown- a very small city in Vietnam. It has broadened my mind and shown me a world where any archi tectural form is possible. Even I have yet to reach my studio air design but the feeling of design ing something beyond the traditional architectural style has brought me so much excitement.
CTION LEARNING OUTCOME Throughout part A of studio AIR, I have developed a strong understanding by learn ing about architectural computing. Therefore, I again want to use Rhino and Grasshopper for my future studies as well as my career in architecture field instead of thinking to swap to Re vit (Virtual environments had somehow driven me insane but I think I decided to love studio Air) Furthermore, the research that we all carried out the past few weeks about applying tech nology into the design culture has really enlightened me and many more other architec ture students as well. Heading to the next phase of the semester, I wish to learn to bet ter my skills in order to convey my ideas through computation and the use of parameters. As ct
mentioned, in
architecture
Sustainable and
thank
design you
has to
always
Studio
Air
been
my
that
now
most I
know
interested parametric
espe de
sign and sustainable design are a perfect combination that I want pursuade in the future.
REFERENCES http://www.oliverdibrova.com/blg/?tag=parametric-design http://nparametric.tumblr.com/page/6 http://www.evolo.us/architecture/favela-cloud-new-spatial-and-social-possibilities-in-rio-de-janeiro/ http://www.evolo.us/author/marija/page/23/ http://www.grasshopper3d.com/profiles/blogs/nbbj-parametric-strategies-in http://www.dezeen.com/2013/02/14/sou-fujimoto-to-design-serpentine-gallery-pavilion-2013/ http://www.evolo.us/architecture/eco-sustainable-housing-parametric-design/ http://www.di.net/articles/intelligent-building-design/ http://cesaregriffa.com/2013/02/08/advanced-parametric-tools-for-sustainability-in-architecture/ http://www.rethinking-architecture.com/introduction-parametric-design,354/ http://www.parametriccamp.com/en/what-is-parametric-design/ http://intarch.ac.uk/journal/issue15/5/dm2.html http://www.marcelmuench.de/2013/08/design-futuring-important-ideas-of-tony-frys-book/ http://en.wikiarquitectura.com/index.php/Beijing_Olympic_Stadium
B1
RESEARCH FIELD
C O N T E N T
PART B CRITERIA DESIGN B.1. RESEARCH FIELD B.2. CASE STUDY 1.0 B.3. CASE STUDY 2.0 B.4. TECHNIQUE: DEVELOPMENT B.5. TECHNIQUE: PROTOTYPES B.6. TECHNIQUE: PROPOSAL B.7. LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOME B.8. ALGORITHMIC SKETCHBOOK
Source: http://www.dailytonic.com/biothing-a-transdisciplinary-lobratory-founded-by-alisa-andrasek
With ‘biothing’ the New York based architect Alisa Andrasek founded a transdisciplinary lobratory that focuses on the generative potential of computational systems for design. Her major intrest is the analysis of self organising and .adaptive systems, which can become manifest in different scales For the Seroussi Pavilion we looked into self-modifying patterns of vector“ fields based on behaviors of electro-magnetic fields (EMF). The logics of attraction/repulsion were computed in plan and than “lifted” via series of structural micro-arching sections through different frequencies of the sine function. Additional feature built into our script allows for local adaptation to the site in regards to the section – given that the pavilion is implanted into a ”.”quite steep hill EMF trajectories needed to “find the ground This is provided as a definition of strip technique for our part B1 case study, as we learned through it in grasshopper and made changes to archive many different possibilities from the orgirinal form. As when we experienced through this case study, we know that it was not easy to create such form and it a well parametrically designed precedent for us to learn from or apply into our design .later since there are not so many good precedents for the strips technique
B I O T H I N G
Archipelago Pavilion
Source: http://www.evolo.us/architecture/archipelago-parametrically-designed-pavilion
Designed and built in collaboration between Chalmers University of Technology and RÜhsska Museum of Design in Copenhagen, the Archipelago Pavilion is a network of seating structures that inhabits the cortyard in front of the Museum. The structure provides shaded seating inside and creates shaded spaces around it to place existing .chairs and tables. The structure was built on site by 33 architecture students The pavilion was parametrically designed in Grasshopper and Rhino and built from 2 mm thick laser-cut steel sheets. Exactly 133 pieces of steel were joint together with 1535 joints with a total of 3640 bolts holding it together. Inside the pavilion visitors can lie comfortably on the surface, thanks to the steel’s possibility to stay cool when shaded. The intricate web of spaces resembles clusters of small islands in an archipelago. The perforation on the roof spreads out an organic pattern resembling the one you would see .from a tree in the forest The Archipelago Pavilion was initially created for the purpose of the course, as an exploration of translating computer generated design into built architectural objects through digital fabrication Using archipelago as a precedent for our part B in both developing our skills in Grasshopper and observing more sense of strips technique but learning the pavilion building process and the materiality they have used for this. This can be considered as a successfully parametrically designed and well built project. However, the idea of using steel for this project was good in terms of model-making but it can at the same time get .heated during summer which is not really pleasing .
LOOP 3
Loop_3 is a project conceived and realized by Loop_3 design team, a group of students form Architectural Design 3 course at the Faculty of Engineering, Università di Bologna, for an installation on invitation by the 1st Architectural Biennale of Thessaloniki - “Architecture .)and the City in South-Eastetrn Europe” (18.01-26.02 2012 The installation is a self-standing object that uses mathematical trigonometric functions (explored through parametric design software) as a mean of aesthetic device, exploring a use of rationality in complex shapes that merges user spatial interaction, curvature as a structural and expressive strategy (the voluptuous ripples also strengthen the overall shape) and form as a sorting device to deploy functions. Carrying 3D models, showing pictures from various projects as well as a pad to interactively explore design strategies We have thought of using this one as a precedent for case study 2.0, however after getting through it, we were aware of our grasshopper skills which are not able to reach this standard and create such complex structure yet. This can be considered as a successfully parametrically designed and built using strips technique
Source: http://www.co-de-it.com/wordpress/loop_3.html
ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2010 The structural analysis model is based on a FEM simulation. In order to simulate the intricate equilibrium of locally stored energy resulting from the bending of each element, the model needs to begin with the planar distribution of the 80 strips, followed by simulating the elastic bending and subsequent coupling of the strips. The detailed structural calculations, which are based on a specifically modeled mesh topology that reflects the unique characteristics of the built prototype, also allows for understanding the internal stresses that occur due to the bending of the material in relation to external forces such as wind and snow loads, a very .distinct aspect of calculating lightweight structures The computational design model is based on embedding the relevant material behavioral features in parametric principles. These parametric dependencies were defined through a large number of physical experiments focusing on the measurement of deflections of elastically bent thin plywood strips. Based on 6400 lines of code one integral computational process derives all relevant geometric information and directly outputs the data required for both the structural analysis model and the manufacturing with a 6-axis industrial robot This was successfully built and gave us a strong sense of materiality in strips technique when the whole structure was built by bending all the flywood to archive such aesthetically pleasing yet .very eco-friendly looking Source: http://icd.uni-stuttgart.de/?p=4458
B.2 CASE STUDY 01
Exploring the possibilities of the Biothing definition provided by changing existing ..parameters, input geometries and component options Such as: Longer field lines, Elliptical original curve, Increased start points, Altered curve gradient, Originalcurve is a field line, Large central circles, Altered original curves, Spin Force instead of Point Force, Additional field lines, Altered original curves to 3D, Original, mirrored and lofted, Original, pipes
C
B.3
C A S E S T U D Y 02
FORM GENERATION
After archiving and being quite satisfied with our outcome, we took a look back to the orgirinal precedent to see what similarities we have successfully got and what .differences we have not been able to pursuade regarding our grasshopper skills As the main purpose of the archipelago pavilion is to create a small community place for students to come, sit down or lie down comfortably on the surface of the pavilion as it was purposedly designed for it. As we can see clearly in the photo down there, those entrances were made to be perpect circle which did chanllenged us a lot in making our own model to have such looking. Furthermore, we also did not make those tiny small holes on our grasshopper model as what they did on the surface of the pavilion. There is one column cut into half whereas ours is not cut in half. However, after all, we are still quite satisfied with the shape we have got and by far it helps bring us to the next step where we have to create our own design which ..may be even in more complex shape. It is a good starting point to push us further
Source: http://www.evolo.us/architecture/archipelago-parametrically-designed-pavilion
We started our form generation by making a curve which seems to be the same shape as the archipelago bottom part
We made the top curve and then divided into 3 pieces and again made 3 small curves at the middle of bottom curve and top curve in order to create those 3 columns .like the archipelago pavilion
Learning from the method of making grid shell in week 3 online tutorial, divided those curves we created earlier into many points
in order to make all those vertical curves that connect the top curve, middle curve and top curve together to create a comfortable surface for people to lie on as the purpose of Archipelago pavilion
After, adjusting the height and the bottom, top, middle curves' sizes and the number of points on those curves to archive our desirable shape at the end
B.4
TECHNIQUE DEVELOPMENT
T
Iterations slowly evolve away from the original definition, until they are no longer identifiable
B.5
T E C H N I Q U E P R O T O T Y P E S
Our very first attempt at strips architecture which was hand-made to simply get an idea of how strips connect to each other and to test out the materiality as well as the solidity that if they could stand by themselves with no support. We were trying to make a floral shaped pavilion with those strips connected to each other to provide self-support. We .considered this as a failure but still, we learned, understood and got more sense about strips
Our second hand-made prototype after double thickening the materiality and re-constructing. Finally we could archive our attempt at making a small .floral shaped pavilion which is something inspiring for our design proposal
Unrolling our grasshopper model and making the prototype by using Fab-lab tool were considering as the most challenging parts of our part B. We had been struggling during the process of unrolling since we could not figure out how to unroll the model into all those strips after several attempts. However, we tried to exploited the grasshopper 3d forum as much as we could. We got quite a lot unrolling scripts there, however, not all of them works and easy to understand. We went through Kangaroo and some more plug-ins untill we got the right plug-ins we need which are unroll-brep GHpython and Generation. Even though, this part was considered as the hardest part yet most successful part as we could early pursuade the unrolling .technique which we believe not every one in the subject have reach this stage
B.6 T E C H N I Q U E P R O P O S A L
R E S E A R C H
Energy Generation Human Movement
Piezoelectric: vibration to electricity Flywheel: method of storing energy as rotational motion energy Dynamo: converts mechanical energy to electricity
ENERGY GENERATION EXPLANATION
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SCbKeklrY9c
PRECEDENTS
GRASSHOPPER PARAMETRIC MODEL
P A V I L I O N I N S I T U
As responding to the design brief, we are required to design an artwork which can capture the energy from the nature in order to generate a new alternative renewable energy. Our site is at Denmark. "Many humans spend hours each week using energy in the form of exercise for its own sake. Treadmills, weight machines, and exercise bikes take energy pro- duced by our muscles and counteracts it using friction, gravity or air resistance. But what if we harnessed that energy and used it to generate electricity." That is what our proposal initially aims at. Our design will not only capture the nature of energy but only draw attention at how it can be used in its different forms. Providing an engaging, communal electricityproducing activity is what we have been really working on in order to design an innovative and eye-catching artwork . By utilising computational techniques for form generation and fabrication, we generated an aesthetically pleasing structure which will draw people to the park and create an engaging yet healthy community
B.7 LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOME
Throughout part B of studio AIR, I have developed a strong understanding by learning about architectural computing and brought our grasshopper skills to the next level by experimenting through 2 case studies, which are exploring the possibilities of Biothing pavilion and reverse-engineering The archipelago pavilion. Later on, we had to continue with Case Study 2.0 technique, which is to develop the definition to extend and alter its functionality. Those tasks practically help students get really into the software and be familiar with creating a complex object in grasshopper. Furthermore, getting our desirable shape was hard but it was even harder when getting to the unrolling part. We did actually invest a huge amount of time to investigate and experiment how to unroll the object we made. We thought of giving up on the archipelago pavilion reverse-engineering and changed to another precedent which may be easier to re-engineer since it seemed to be out of our ability to unroll the object. However, we realized that it was about success but endless experiments that bring us further in the subject. We decided to get on Grasshopper 3d forum for some unrolling scripts. Finally, we could get it done with GHpython, Generation plug-ins .and successfully sent them to the Fab lab for the next step which is prototype making Getting through each step helps us understand more and more about parametric design. Creating a grasshopper model of the design is hard but building, constructing and bringing it to life are also another significant challenge. We have got several troubles building the prototype, which we thought was easy and could be done just by a few hours. However, it turned out taking us the whole day to figure out how to join those strips together and especially how to prevent them from collapsing. Furthermore, through the model-making process, it helps us understand more about how materiality has a strong influence on the project as well as the size of the model and the real project makes a huge difference when it comes to connect those strips together. We have got 3 prototypes demonstrating each stage we got through and we thought they were all failures until the guest critique said they did not think those .prototypes were failure but successful trials at this stage
At the end of journal B is where our design proposal takes place, which prepares to bring us to our final design in Part C. At this point, after several experiments through the case studies, we had to think out of the box, accord to the LAGI design brief to make our own. At first, we need to utilise the precedents provided as a starting point to draw out our initial design idea as well as incorporate the energy generation technique into our design. There are many options of renewable energy technologies provided in the design guide that we can choose from. We thought of using Piezoelectricity method, which utilizes human movement to generate energy. However, we do not think it would be efficient enough to produce energy so we were bold enough to make another decision, which is rotational energy and it is not in the design guide. We have done a lot of research online, physics explanation and comparison in order to make sure it works efficiently and be able to incorporate into our design. The idea of making our artwork as a gymnastic place where engage people and create a friendly community was good as the guest critique commented. However, inserting unsubtly the giant treadmill into our initial design, which was inspired heavily by the archipelago and a bit of hesitation to go for something more creative and serious .lack of experiment that lead our initial design to be considered as insufficient work In conclusion, we still do believe that we have invested a huge amount of time and made an effort for our design proposal, which includes the interesting idea of renewable energy generation and several attempts of prototype-making by both using Fab-lab and hand-made. However, in terms of algorithmic technique, we still find it hard to work logically in grasshopper and have met several difficulties to archive our desirable shaped Grasshopper model. We decided to choose strips as our technique and have found it intellectually and technically challenging both in making grasshopper model and unrolling for model making. Throughout the next few weeks until the end of the semester and the final detailed design, we need to improve our grasshopper skills as much as possible if we want to persuade a more complex design idea and translate it into the grasshopper model as our current initial .design for the proposal part is not innovative enough to get further for the next step
B.8
ALGORITHMIC SKETCHBOOK
First attempt at making grasshopper model based on the archipelago as a precedent. We divided the model into 2 half, made the bottom half first and then later use the mirror component to reflect that upside down to archive our desirable shape but unfortunately the archipelago pavilion is .not symmetrically built
Second attempt in order to make the perfect circle entrances as the Archipelago and the comfortable surface to lie on but we did not get the shape by this method
Third attempt which was most successfully built compared to the other two and most simaliar to the archipelago shape. We applied the same method as the grid shell grasshopper model making and finally .archive our desirable shape
REFERENCES
C1 DESIGN CONCEPT
1.Site analysis:
2.Refining:
This shows more how the surroundings and natural factors would affect the design and how we take those into account.
This shows more precedents and reasons why we came up with the final form of our pavilion.
3.Rese
This shows more p how rotational e used all over
earch:
precedents about energy has been r the world.
4.Energy integration: This shows how the energy will be from human movement and how energy generator would be incorporated into the design.
5.Ways of determining and controlling shape and formation of our pavilion
Site analysis
"The design site boundary encompasses the Sønder Hoved pier section of Refshaleøen and some of the surrounding waterways. The pier is an old landfill that is partially comprised of material from buildings that used to exist on the now empty site. There are no LAGI 2014 design restrictions on foundation depth or type. The proposed artworks can exist anywhere within the site boundary, but must not break the plane of the site boundary at any height. The design proposals must not exceed 125 meters in height at any point (height measurement is not an average but an absolute limit).
There are some other design considerations to note. At the southwest corner of the site there is a water taxi terminal which is to remain. There are plans to develop the waterway to the south of the site with houseboats, and boat access into the channel north of the site must also be maintained." (LAGI DESIGN BRIEF)
COPENHAGEN WIND ROSES
Source: http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/sites/windrose.
COPENHAGEN SUN PATH DIAGRAM
Source: http://www.gaisma.com/en/location/kobenhavn.html
Having a good understanding of the site and a careful site analysis have always been the first step to start an architectural project. Taking the natural factors and surrounding into account helps to design an insightful design and to decide the orientation of the project.
I n s p i r a t i o n The idea of spining inspiried by Energy generation: Rotational energy
Windmill at Copenhagen (Denmark)
Source: www.kevinandamanda.com
Insprirattion from nature: Bringing a sense of water into the design as well as to respond to the little Mermaid sculpture at the site
Source: gascoynewater.com.au www.aiche.org
Natural landscapes of Suburbia: Copenhagen Denmark
Source: manwiththemuckrake.wordpress.com
It’s a spectacular presentation of large scale photographs of astonishing natural landscapes and this one of one of the suburbs of Copenhagen, Denmark, which insprires our landscape design in this prpject.
ENERGY INTEGRATION
A non-profit called Empower Playgrounds has developed a way to harness the energy of kids playing in order to provide electricity to poor rural villages in Africa. The organization is making merrygo-rounds that have a clean tech twist -- onboard kinetic energy harvesters that store that energy in batteries for later use. How much energy can a merry-go-round really provide? In an interview with Fast Company, founder Ben Markham says that a healthy 8- to 12-year-old generates about 150 watts of energy per hour whilst vigorously playing. Source: http://www.treehugger.com/clean-technology/merry-
All the energy is stored into battery p households.
packs which are later used for private
Copenhagen
http://subsite.kk.dk/sitecore/content/Subsites/CityOfCopenhagen/SubsiteFrontpage/
Victoria
http://energymadeeasy.gov.au/bill-benchmark/results/3660/4
GRASSHOPP
LANDSCAPE
ER MODEL
E DESIGN
SMALLEST PAVILION ACTS AS A SCULPTURE AT THE SITE
CHILDREN PLAYGROUND PAVILION AS A SMALL ENERGY GENERATOR
RELAXING PAVILION
MAIN PAVILION AS A ENERGY GENERATOR
ALL THE PAVILIONS ON THE SITE ARE A PATH AND THE FIELD LINE FR
RELAXING PAVILION
ALL CONNECTED BY THE WALKING ROM LANDSCAPE DESIGN.
AMPITHEATER PAVILION
CHILDREN PLAYGROUND PAVILION AS A SMALL ENERGY
CHILDREN PLAYGROUND PAVILION AS A SMALL ENERGY
A R T W PAVI INITIAL DE
W O R K ILION SIGN IDEA
GRASSHOPPER MODE
As the design was inspired by the idea of idea in Rhino 2D drawing to have a sens oped it using Grasshopper and Kangaroo As the diagram above, we started with th it into a 3D shaped mesh then utilised K ponent to minimise the initial mesh and
L-MAKING PROCESS
f spinning, we have started our design se of the whole project then later develo Physics to archive our desire shape. he spiral shape and gradually developed Kangaroo Physics with it relaxing comd finally archived the final outcome.
PAVILIO
NS IN SITU
MAIN PAVILION
AMBITHEATER PAVILION
CHILDREN PAVILION
RELAXING PAVILION
THE ENVISAGED CONS
UNROLLING
STRUCTION PROCESS
G PROCESS
1. Take all the strips off and divide them into a group of 4 with continuous numbers (0,1,2,3/ 4,5,6,7...)
2. Join them carefully together to make sure all the edges fit perpectly, especially need to bend them while joining
3. When finish joining all the strips from the bottom of the pavilion, start to take those group of 4 strips and join them carefully together as a whole.
4. For the top part, the technique only works the same way for each individual group of 4 strips. Take each of the group of 4 strips and place them upon the according part at the bottom.
5. Leave the top part un-stuck so we can easily work inside of the pavilion, join the top parts together as a whole when finish joining all the side parts.
C2
TECTONIC ELEMENTS
JOINERY 1
JOINERY 2
JOINERY 3
JOINERY 5
JOINERY 4
JOINERY 6
JOINERY 7
After 7 experiments in order to search for the best joinery that suits our project as well as to provide a high sense of solidity when building the pavilion, the joinery 7 is the one that could satisfy the need as our project is significantly hard and complex to build.
PROTOTYPES AND FINA
AL MODEL FOR JOINERY
C3 F I N A L M O D E L
PROTOTYPES
THE FABRICAT
TION PROCESS
PHOTOS OF F
WITH DIFFERENT LIG
FINAL MODEL
GHTING EFFECTS
C4 LAGI COMPETITION
PROJECT DISCRIPTION As responding to the design brief, our site is at Copenhagen, Denmark and we are required to design an artwork, which can capture the energy from the nature in order to generate a new alternative renewable energy. Many humans spend hours each week using energy in the form of exercise for its own sake. Treadmills, weight machines and exercise bikes take energy produced by our muscles and counteracts it using friction, gravity or air resistance. But what if we harnessed that energy and used it to generate electricity.� That is what our proposal initially aims at. Our design will not only capture the nature of energy but also draw attention at how it can be used in its different forms. Providing an engaging. Communal electricity-producing activity is what we have been really working on in order to design an innovative and eye-catching artwork. By utilizing computational techniques for form generation and fabrication, we generated an aesthetically pleasing structure, which will draw people to park and create an engaging yet healthy community. Taking archipelago and Biothing as precedents for our design to make sure that it will not only has an aesthetically pleasing outlook but also a high constructability. Besides, the project was also inspired by many other factors. The form of the design was created based on the idea of spinning from rotational energy (circular treadmill, windmill) and a sense of water’s movement, which is to respond to the little mermaid at the site. Furthermore, the project is not only about the artwork itself but designing the landscape into account is also one of our greatest concerns. Using the Copenhagen’s suburbian urban design as an inspiration for the landscape design in order to connect all the pavilions on the site together. Due to the huge area at the site, instead of taking a good amount of the area by creating an extremely massive artwork, the project was divided into many small different pavilions with different functions in order to avoid interest conflict. There are 5 types of the pavilions. The largest pavilion (diameter is 13 meters and the ceiling height is 3,2 meters =, the total height is 4,2 meters), which is the main one that can produce energy and is built at the highest elevation to show its dominance at the site. The other two pavilions, which can also produce energy but are designed at a smaller scale that act as a playground for children and are built at the same level as the ground to bring more sense of safety. Besides, energy production, the project also has 2 pavilions for relaxing and chilling purposes, which are designed to be at the lowest elevation to provide more sense of peace and intimacy. There is one more pavilion with the same design as the relaxing pavilions but acts as a performing theater that helps to draw people to the site since there are many music festivals occurring frequently in Copenhagen. The last one is a very small sized pavilion (diameter is 3,8 meters and the height is 1,1 meters), which just acts as a sculpture at the site. They are all made by Polypropylene 0.6mm 600x900.
Strips/folding technique was used in this project which work based on the same principle as the Biothing project , Archipelago pavilion, Loop and ICKE Pavilion 2010 A non-profit called Empower Playgrounds has developed a way to harness the energy of kids playing in order to provide electricity to poor rural villages in Africa. The organization is making mery-go-rounds that have a clean tech twist onboard kinetic energy harvesters that store that energy in batteries for later use. There was a question which is how much energy can a merry-go-round really provide? In an interview with Fast Company, founder Ben Markham says that a healthy 8- to 12-year-old generates about 150 watts of energy per hour whilst vigorously playing. According to that, the assumption of how much energy can a healthy adult produce can be made. For instance, while vigorously working out, a healthy adult can generates about 450 watts of energy per hour and there could be 30 people coming to the site for exercise a day therefore there would be about 13,5 Kwatts generated at the main pavilions per day. For the other two pavilions which are designed as playgrounds for children, applying the same assumption of the number of children coming to the site a day and the calculation, there would be 4,5 Kwatts of energy generated perday. In total, there would be 18 Kwatts of energy generated at the site per day. According to the research about how much energy a typical 4-person household uses per day, the amount of energy produced at the site can totally satisfy the need.
Environmental impact statement The pavilion not only acts as a gymnastic at the site but also as an energy generator that helps to produce electricity by human movement and supply to the households nearby. Human beings have been known for just simply using the natural resources over the past thousand years and now, the rapid exhaustion of the Earth’s natural resources has been urging people to invent and search for an alternatively renewable energy. Apart from solar, wind and water which can produce energy, the idea of human movement which can possibly produce energy is also really intriguing but at the same time challenging. There is a question raised up that how to get people to exercise to produce energy. That is the reason why there is a performing theater for holding all the music festivals occurring around Copenhagen that actually helps to draw people to the site so they will get to exercise more therefore the more amount of energy will be produced. Sustainability has been one of the greatest concerns nowadays and this project is to work towards an environmentally sustainable planet where people do not simply use the natural source but also they can possibly produce it to serve their needs without compromise the future generations’ needs just by simple actions which are exercising and playing at the pavilions. Besides, the project will also create an engaging yet healthy community and make a massive step towards the future of alternatively renewable energy generation.
L E A R N I N G O B J E C T I V ES & OUTCOMES
C5
This part of the journal brings us to the end of the subject where student should have learn a lot from the studio as well as their own mistakes and failures during the studying process. In my own case, after the final project presentations, we realized that there are still many factors that we have not really thought of and taken into account. Taking the feedback into a careful consideration in order to fix up our mistakes for the final submission, we have decided to rebuild our model since as the guest critique commented, our model is the strongest point that we got in our whole design project. Especially, when you can successfully build the model, there will be high chance that the project can be constructible in reality. Besides the model, we decided to do many more experiments with the joint for the tectonic elements part and could finally make one that can satisfy what we need and at the same time brings high sense of solidity to the pavilion’s structure. Moreover, even though some of the guest critique those did not like the idea of our energy generation, I personally still keep my decision which is using human movement to produce energy and make the pavilion as a gymnastic at the site. As the pavilion was inspired by the idea of spinning from rotational energy, I still found that there is a strong connection between the pavilion and the energy generator, which is the circular treadmill inside the pavilion. Our initial idea was to create an engaging and healthy community at the site, which will not happen if I use solar power as the energy generator as one of the guest critique suggested. As I am myself aware that our rendering photos did not show the connection between the pavilions at the site as well as the landscape design that we did earlier. That is why we rebuilt the physical model in order to take a good photo of it and later put into the site context to archive higher sense of reality. Throughout this semester, we have learned to develop our skills in various three- dimensional media and specifically in computational geometry, parametric modelling, analytic diagramming and digital fabrication. To be more specific, we have chosen strips as our area of interest to develop and design our project, we have found that making the grasshopper digital model is hard but figuring out how to unroll the digital model and to actually build a physical one is even harder. As we observed from other students’ projects, they seem to avoid curvy shapes and our area of interest, which is strips seems to be unique and outstanding from others’ and that is what we have been proud of. Apparently our project is not good enough compared to many other people’s work in this course, however, we still decided to go with something really challenging in order to learn a lot out of this course, which later may assist us in our future study and career in architecture field. We have learnt a new software as well as developed the ability to make a case proposals by developing our critical thinking, research skills and encouraging construction of rigorous and persuasive arguments informed by the contemporary architectural discourse.
At this stage of the semester, I believe that we are able to utilize the software to create some architectural forms but not yet reach to the standard where we can really control the tool and we still need to really learn and improve a lot in order to easily create and archive our design idea. During the design process, I have found that all the students were driven from the software instead of being a master of it. In my own case, even though we have drawn out our desire shape and were very clear of how to make it in grasshopper but we still could not create and archive that shape in any way and finally the software took us to the final outcome which is a symmetrical shaped pavilion. However, it fortunately became a good thing which is the symmetrical shape that provides more sense of stability and solidity. During the design concept part, apart from working intensively in grasshopper to archive our final digital model, my groupmate and I had to do many more research in order to create and design an insightful project in which every factor should be taken into account. As earlier stated in part B learning objectives, we have decided to make our own way of generating energy as well as for the tectonic part, instead of simply using bolds to connect all the strips together, we have designed our own joints that could connect the strips well. Furthermore, our landscape design part may not be very successful, however, it is a good part to include into our project. As an architecture student, I have never just simply designed the project itself, I have always taken the landscape design into account and actually design to whole site to show how my project interacts with the nature and its surrounding. Especially, this subject is named “Air� which partly emphasizes that relationship between architecture and air which is shown through interrogation of design proposal as physical models in atmosphere.
REFERENCES 1. Copenhagen wind roses and sunpath diagram http://www.gaisma.com/en/ location/kobenhavn.html 2. Copenhagen electricity consumption http://subsite.kk.dk/sitecore/content/ Subsites/CityOfCopenhagen/SubsiteFrontpage/ 3. Empower playgrounds http://www.treehugger.com/clean-technology/merrygo-round-turns-clean-energy-powerhouse.html 4. Natural landscape of Surbubian: Copenhagen, Denmark manwiththemuckrake. wordpress.com 5. Victoria electricty anual comsumption http://energymadeeasy.gov.au/billbenchmark/results/3660/4 6. Water image gascoynewater.com.au 7. Water image www.aiche.org 8. Windmill at Denmark www.kevinandamanda.com