Running with scissors - Collage Makes You Go Crazy by Niccolò Borgia

NiccolĂ˛ Borgia, Minneapoli College of Art and Design

Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 Book Design by NiccolĂ˛ Borgia niccolo.borgia@mcad.edu niccolo.borgia@isiadesign.fi.it

Collage is the noble conquest of the irrational, the coupling of realities, irreconcilable in appearance, upon a plane which apparently does not suit them. â&#x20AC;&#x201D;Max Ernst

Running with scissors: process book,

Introduction and overview

This process book intend to explane how I develloped the Infamous Collage project; step by step during the first 5 weeks of the Graphic Design course at the Minneapolis College of Art and Design, Fall Semester 2008.

typo in a completely new form. You get a linear quality from collage that is more rapid than the swiftest drawn line â&#x20AC;&#x201D; as Thomas Marca Relli used to say. The final goals for this project were to develop an intermediate skill level in collage techineque. To be able to create typographic and images based compositions ThIs five weeks assignment formed an with clear hierarchies, to understand how intense workshop. It proceeded through four visual principles of composition directly progressive stages of design implementation inform concept and communication. The in which visual language was developed most valuable experience during this based on supplied content. Each of the steps assignement was the critique time, a real and progresses were equally important as precious moment in which my work was the final. This first experience was incredibily commented and implemented thanks hard and incredibily important to me. It was fundamental to understand the importance to always great advices to improve it. // of handmade making nowadays and it was Questo libro intende provare a spiegare a great experience to play with images and il processo attraverso il quale si eâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; svolto

Niccolò Borgia, Minneapoli College of Art and Design

il progetto Infamous Collages durante le prime cinque settimane del corso di Graphic Design: Forms and Methods presso il Minneapolis College of Art and Design, Semestre Autunnale 2008. La tecnica del collage mi ha permesso di capire l’importanza del “fare a mano”, soprattutto al giorno d’oggi. Questa forma d’arte permette di lavorare con le immagini, le textures, i pattern e il testo in un modo completamente nuovo, primitivo forse, ma sicuramente molto istintivo, immediato. Il termine Collage (dal francese) indica la tecnica utilizzata per la realizzazione di opere di ogni livello prodotte per mezzo di sovrapposizione di carte, fotografie, oggetti, ritagli di giornale o di rivista. Queste opere o composizioni sono realizzate con l’utilizzo di materiali diversi incollati su un supporto che può essere di vario tipo ma generalmente rigido. La tecnica del Collage venne adottata agli inizi del Novecento per la creazione di opere d’avanguardia, principalmente da esponenti del Cubismo ed in particolare Braque e Picasso, che lo adottà sin dal 1912. Secondo molti il primo in assoluto a trasformare questa tecnica in una forma d’arte e a presentarla al pubblico fu John Heartfield nel 1924 che la usò come terribile arma satirica contro Hitler

e il Nazismo, applicandosi prevalentemente su materiale fotografico. Tra gli altri precursori ricordiamo Raoul Hausmann, Hanna Höch, Paul Citroen, Michael Mejer e in genere tutti gli artisti di riferimento di movimenti come Bauhaus e Dada e addirittura il Surrealismo: Max Ernst, ad esempio utilizzava per i propri lavori incisioni b/n di inizio secolo. Il Collage viene utilizzato anche dai futuristi italiani e da numerosi artisti lungo il corso del ventesimo secolo, tra questi è giusto ricordare Robert Rauschenberg, uno dei principali maestri di questa tecnica e nome di spicco della Pop Art che mette in evidenza oggetti e frammenti della vita quotidiana nello spirito del movimento stesso. E’ come un illuminazione. Hai

una qualita’ lineare dai collage che si puo’ considerare persino piu’ rapida di una pennellata — come disse Thomas Marca Relli. Gli obbiettivi principali di questo progetto sono consistiti nello sviluppare delle competenze intermedie nella tecnica del taglia ed incolla, provando a unire il testo e le immagini basandosi su composizioni con una gerarchia dei contenuti molto chiara. Si e’ trattato di capire in che modo i principi visivi della composizione possono influenzare direttamente il progetto e la comunicazione del progetto.

Running with scissors: process book,

Not all the animals are in a zoo PART ONE Reserch / make / collect

Select a sound effect album-this album will be the fuel for your explorations over the next five weeks.Listen and relisten. Create an archive of collected and authored imagery that relates to your album. Divide your content into two categories/folders: abstract image: patterns, textures, ornaments, shapes, and indexical signs (signs that indicate direction: dotted lines, arrows). Image (representational/abstract): photographs, illustrations, pictograms, symbols, etcetera. Make sure there is diversity in the style in which these images are rendered, such as photography, cartography, line-art, etc. You will need to collect samples from as many different sources as possible-from a variety of regions, user groups, time periods, media origins. This will increase the success of your end results. Relying on the

internet as a singular research device is not acceptable; the resolution of most images will be too low to use in your final project. Authoring your own photography, illustration, handwork is encouraged. When you photograph,make sure you consider various vantage points, micro and macro, texture, isolating your subject matter. Take notes and make sketches along the way. You and your classmates will create a digital image bank housed on our class server; it will hold a wide variety of images to build from over the next couple weeks. It may be helpful to make contact sheets so that you have a working knowledge of the inventory of images. Your source material and sketches will be contained in a final process book, so stay organized throughout the project. Save everything.

PART TWO Typographic template

PART THREE Abstract/image compositions

Analyze your content. There will be various tiers of type- consider how youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ll treat the headline, headers, subheads, body copy, lists, captions, etc. Feel free to add layered info/do not subtract content. The typographic structure that you create will be the basis for your future collages. Please be very considerate in selecting your typeface{s). I suggest limiting yourself to a type family; you may use one additional typeface if you see fit. Your layouts and typography should be organized yet evoke the essence of your subject matter- it may be expressive and dramatic or calm and melancholy. Consider typographic details: size, weight, leading, kerning, margins, proportions, justifications, line length, etc. to create relationships and contrasts. Use your knowledge of gestalt, grids, composition, and hierarchy. Note: No imagery/rules/decorative ornaments/ fields of color; only typography in this first study. Text can bleed off the edge. Black and white; no color or greyscale.Come to class with at least three template studiesllayouts (and all process). Trim compositions to size. Black and white laser printouts. If you are working on the computer you must printout your sketches at periodic intervals so we can visualize your process. Place sketches in three-ring binder. You need to have a strong text template before you can successfully move onto the next layout. This will be the framework for your future studies.

Replace the typographic hierarchy from layout one (the template) with your collected imagery. Interpret the verbal message of your layout using all types of imagery that youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve collected: from highly abstract to representational. Abstract images may include: patterns, textures, and indexical signs, dots, lines, etc. Images may include: photography, illustration, halftone images, linear!. Maintain the original verbal hierarchy on your text template with nonverbal imageryconsider the rhythm and relationships of your typography and translate into imagery. Do not simply replace the text with image elements, but follow the basic structure of the original. Develop liberal visual themes using previously existing composition and its positive/negative space, weight variations, scale variations. Be aware of how the scale, styles and shapes of the imagery effects the dynamics of the layout. Eye movement can be mapped to further animate the layout as well as reinforce hierarchy. Fine details and gestures should be included; elements should be integrated. Develop layouts that express a vi.sual theme and are conceptual in nature. Be aware of how connotations within each image effects neighboring or sequential images. The success of your concept will be determined by the accuracy of your image selection, manipulation and the sequence in which these images are interpreted.

Running with scissors: process book,

Reserch, inspiration, raw material sketches.

NiccolĂ˛ Borgia, Minneapoli College of Art and Design

Running with scissors: process book,

NiccolĂ˛ Borgia, Minneapoli College of Art and Design

Running with scissors: process book,

NiccolĂ˛ Borgia, Minneapoli College of Art and Design

Running with scissors: process book,

Flokways records and service corp., 43w. 61st., N.Y.C. 10023 long playng non-breakble mic tion of this recordings prohibited by federal law and subject to criminal, prosecution. All sound ders and Folkways Records. Written permission is necessary for commercial use or reproductio

Flokways records and service corp., 43w. 61st., N.Y.C. 10023 l tion of this recordings prohibited by federal law and subject to c ders and Folkways Records. Written permission is necessary for

Tiger: the lion’s roar is easy to recognize. The tiger’s voice is not as loud as the lion’s but is extremely savage. Z over it’s dinner, growling and snarling at the man who is preparing food for a puma that can be heard in the background. R an adjoing stall. One male rhinoceros usually bangs the iron door with its horns and utters a plaintive call. Resume monke give voice to a number of sounds under various conditions. Rhea the rhea or so called american ostrich is a large flightless the male incubates them and cares for the babies. Young rheas follows their father and cry...Chimpazees: zoo men who w very active, jump up and down and loudly slap the sides of their enclosures with their hands and feet. Breakfast consisting chimpanzees are interrupted while eating and their food taken away. Just before feeding time they all started to whine and c meal-time, but finally all the monkeys are fed.Chimpanzees use a variety of extremely expressive sounds.There is some do to do first with food including waiting to be fed and actual eating; and secondly those sounds associated with people and o to sidle off the seat. When not permitted to do so...During the daily play period the chimpanzees roll and tumble on the floor keeper leaves the building for the day and the apes sound unhappy. Peccaries: peccaries are the american members of th are very noisy during feeding time. A keeper opens an iron door the peccaries start munching and chewing their meal of ce angered...Hippopotamus: the hippopotamus on occasion gives vent to loud snorts and roars. Despite its large size this an like a spinning log. Puma: the puma or cougar is a large cat found in north and south america. Pumas sometimes scream the cage. After some prolonged petting on the part of the keeper, this puma responds with a variety of calls, . And will freq certain keepers and by yowling and spitting, voices her displeasure in no uncertain terms...Lion: feeding time in the lion ho gate in the cage with an iron bar. The second spears a piece of meat with a big fork and shoves it through the gate. The ro be depended upon to roar about half an hour after feeding. Indian elephant: the indian elephant utters a number of sound or want. Loud throat roar is caused by extreme anger. Low deep rumbling in the base of the trunk expresses contentmen

Tiger: the lion’s roar is easy to recognize. The tiger’s voice is not as loud as the lion’s but is extremely savage. Zoo tigers generally growl and snarl at feeding time. A over it’s dinner, growling and snarling at the man who is preparing food for a puma that can be heard in the background. Rhinoceros: the african black rhinoceros become res an adjoing stall. One male rhinoceros usually bangs the iron door with its horns and utters a plaintive call. Resume monkeys: indian makacos or rhesus monkeys are perhaps give voice to a number of sounds under various conditions. Rhea the rhea or so called american ostrich is a large flightless south american bird. In the spring the males or cocks the male incubates them and cares for the babies. Young rheas follows their father and cry...Chimpazees: zoo men who work with chimpanzees can recognize individuals and very active, jump up and down and loudly slap the sides of their enclosures with their hands and feet. Breakfast consisting of milk and fruit is being served...It is amusing to hear chimpanzees are interrupted while eating and their food taken away. Just before feeding time they all started to whine and cry for their food. As their keeper approaches with gra meal-time, but finally all the monkeys are fed.Chimpanzees use a variety of extremely expressive sounds.There is some doubt as to whether these great apes actually have the to do first with food including waiting to be fed and actual eating; and secondly those sounds associated with people and other creatures which include…or so-called talking am to sidle off the seat. When not permitted to do so...During the daily play period the chimpanzees roll and tumble on the floor with their keeper….Someone enters the chimpanzee keeper leaves the building for the day and the apes sound unhappy. Peccaries: peccaries are the american members of the swine group. They resemble small dark pigs with m are very noisy during feeding time. A keeper opens an iron door the peccaries start munching and chewing their meal of celery and then several engage in a short argument...P angered...Hippopotamus: the hippopotamus on occasion gives vent to loud snorts and roars. Despite its large size this animal can move rapidly. This female hippopotamus se like a spinning log. Puma: the puma or cougar is a large cat found in north and south america. Pumas sometimes scream in a wierd and startling manner. A gentle male puma the cage. After some prolonged petting on the part of the keeper, this puma responds with a variety of calls, . And will frequently purr like any contented house cat. A not so ge certain keepers and by yowling and spitting, voices her displeasure in no uncertain terms...Lion: feeding time in the lion house is always exciting and noisy. The huge cats pace gate in the cage with an iron bar. The second spears a piece of meat with a big fork and shoves it through the gate. The roar of the african lion is awe-inspiring sound and the. be depended upon to roar about half an hour after feeding. Indian elephant: the indian elephant utters a number of sounds. Some originate in the throat and others are produc or want. Loud throat roar is caused by extreme anger. Low deep rumbling in the base of the trunk expresses contentment. A soft warning sound is made by rapping the tip o express their resentment. When the elephants are exercised indoors their voices echo throughout the building. Some of their musical trumpets sound like rifle shots. Domestic but many people do not know that chickens have many other vocalizations that have special meanings. We would like to play some of these sounds and as we play each one baby chick is lost, cold, or hungry, it gives distress calls. When the baby chick is returned to its companions or to the warm incubator from the cold, or is given food, it gives ple human ear. Another group of sound signals are made by mother hens to attract her chicks. As the brooding hen walks along she keeps clucking to the chicks and this cluckin and pecks at the food and calls her chicks with excited food calls and the chicks come running from all directions. At night-fall the mother hen finds and settles down in a good p a special roostint call that to our ears sounds like the purring of a contented cat. Chickens have various notes to express different deveea and kinds of danger. One of these wa the chicken yard the adult chickens each live a loud scream and thia hawk warnin, causes the chicks to run and hide at once under or next to any nearby object. In conclusio chickens have their own special vocal communication which help them 'to solve their own living problems’. Goats and sheep: goats and sheep have a number of vocalizations which have been recorded on magnetic tape. Goats have a warning call against predators; for example, motherrecords goats may snort on smelling or seeing dogs. When is sepa Flokways and service corp., 43w. 61st., N.Y.C.a kid 10023 lo A mother goat separated from her kid bleats in distress. These calls are high-pitched relatively prolonged When a kid prohibited is returned toby its federal mother, she a lower-pitch tion of notes. this recordings lawshifts and to subject to cr a ewe is separated from her lamb she calls her characteristic baaaaa and when her lamb is returned she shifts to a lower-pitched gurgling note. The mother of a new-born lamb ders and Folkways Records. Written permission is necessary for c a new-born kid gives low segmented calls repeatedly and these calls apparently attract the kid. Billy-goat gives a rolling sex-call as he approaches and comes next to a female Tiger: the lion’s roar is easy to recognize. The tiger’s voice is not as loud as the lion’s but is extremely savage. Zoo buly-goat moans loudly and attacks his rival. Goats may give low, relatively prolonged threatover sounds just before driving competitors from food a food supply. Threat sounds are intersp it’s dinner, growling and snarling at the man who is preparing for a puma that can be heard in the background. Rhi an adjoing stall. One male rhinoceros usually bangs the iron door with its horns and utters a plaintive call. Resume monkey threat sounds and in quite similar form to these sounds as given by goats. In conclusion, these various recorded sounds help illustrate some of the functions and similarities of give voice to a number of sounds under various conditions. Rhea the rhea or so called american ostrich is a large flightless so

the male incubates them and cares for the babies. Young rheas follows their father and cry...Chimpazees: zoo men who wo very active, jump up and down and loudly slap the sides of their enclosures with their hands and feet. Breakfast consisting of chimpanzees are interrupted while eating and their food taken away. Just before feeding time they all started to whine and cry meal-time, but finally all the monkeys are fed.Chimpanzees use a variety of extremely expressive sounds.There is some doub to do first with food including waiting to be fed and actual eating; and secondly those sounds associated with people and oth to sidle off the seat. When not permitted to do so...During the daily play period the chimpanzees roll and tumble on the floor w keeper leaves the building for the day and the apes sound unhappy. Peccaries: peccaries are the american members of the are very noisy during feeding time. A keeper opens an iron door the peccaries start munching and chewing their meal of cele angered...Hippopotamus: the hippopotamus on occasion gives vent to loud snorts and roars. Despite its large size this anim like a spinning log. Puma: the puma or cougar is a large cat found in north and south america. Pumas sometimes scream in the cage. After some prolonged petting on the part of the keeper, this puma responds with a variety of calls, . And will freque certain keepers and by yowling and spitting, voices her displeasure in no uncertain terms...Lion: feeding time in the lion hous gate in the cage with an iron bar. The second spears a piece of meat with a big fork and shoves it through the gate. The roar be depended upon to roar about half an hour after feeding. Indian elephant: the indian elephant utters a number of sounds. or want. Loud throat roar is caused by extreme anger. Low deep rumbling in the base of the trunk expresses contentment. express their resentment. When the elephants are exercised indoors their voices echo throughout the building. Some of their but many people do not know that chickens have many other vocalizations that have special meanings. We would like to pla baby chick is lost, cold, or hungry, it gives distress calls. When the baby chick is returned to its companions or to the warm in human ear. Another group of sound signals are made by mother hens to attract her chicks. As the brooding hen walks along and pecks at the food and calls her chicks with excited food calls and the chicks come running from all directions. At night-fa a special roostint call that to our ears sounds like the purring of a contented cat. Chickens have various notes to express diff the chicken yard the adult chickens each live a loud scream and thia hawk warnin, causes the chicks to run and hide at onc chickens have their own special vocal communication which help them 'to solve their own living problems’. Goats and shee which have been recorded on magnetic tape. Goats have a warning call against predators; for example, mother goats may sn A mother goat separated from her kid bleats in distress. These calls are high-pitched relatively prolonged notes. When a kid a ewe is separated from her lamb she calls her characteristic baaaaa and when her lamb is returned she shifts to a lower-pitc a new-born kid gives low segmented calls repeatedly and these calls apparently attract the kid. Billy-goat gives a rolling sex-c buly-goat moans loudly and attacks his rival. Goats may give low, relatively prolonged threat sounds just before driving compe threat sounds and in quite similar form to these sounds as given by goats. In conclusion, these various recorded sounds help

Flokways records and service corp., 43w. 61st., N.Y.C. 10023 long playng non-breakble micro groove 331/brpm unau tion of this recordings prohibited by federal law and subject to criminal, prosecution. All sound on this record are copyri

TIGER: The lion’s roar is easy to recognize. The tiger’s voice is not as loud as the lion’s but is extremely savage. Zoo Tigers generally growl and snarl at feeding time. A keeper has given a ten-pound meat steak to a large Female Siberian Tiger. The cat is crouched over it’s dinner, growling and snarling at the man who is preparing food for a puma that can be heard in the background. RHINOCEROS: The African black Rhinoceros become restless at feeding time. Since these animal are treacherous , keepers place their hay and grain in an adjoing stall. One Male Rhinoceros usually bangs the iron door with its horns and utters a plaintive call. RESUME MONKEYS: Indian Makacos or rhesus monkeys are perhaps one of the most popular of the old world monkeys to be seen in any zoo. They are noisy and give voice to a number of sounds under various conditions. RHEA The Rhea or so called American ostrich is a large flightless south American bird. In the spring the males or cocks attack each other viciously and utter a deep blooming call. After the female Rhea lays its eggs, the male incubates them and cares for the babies. Young Rheas follows their father and cry...CHIMPAZEES: Zoo men who work with chimpanzees can recognize individuals and their movements by voice alone...Several Chimpanzees await their morning meal.The apes are very active, jump up and down and loudly slap the sides of their enclosures with their hands and feet. Breakfast consisting of milk and fruit is being served...It is amusing to hear them grunt as they peal and eat their bananas and oranges. Listen to what happens when the Chimpanzees are interrupted while eating and their food taken away. Just before feeding time they all started to whine and cry for their food. As their keeper approaches with grain, fruit, vegetables and bread, the tempo and cries change….Squabbles invariably arise during meal-time, but finally all the monkeys are fed.Chimpanzees use a variety of extremely expressive sounds.There is some doubt as to whether these great apes actually have the power of speech. However, one study has classified meaningful sounds into those which have to do first with food including waiting to be fed and actual eating; and secondly those sounds associated with people and other creatures which include…or so-called talking among themselves. A young Chimpanzee is told to sit on a chair alone. It pleads to leave and tries to sidle off the seat. When not permitted to do so...During the daily play period the Chimpanzees roll and tumble on the floor with their keeper….Someone enters the Chimpanzee house and is greeted...A keeper is teaching an ape to make a resounding good-bye kiss...The keeper leaves the building for the day and the apes sound unhappy. PECCARIES: Peccaries are the American members of the swine group. They resemble small dark pigs with manes which can stand up and bristle when the animals are aroused. At the zoo these creatural are very noisy during feeding time. A keeper opens an iron door The Peccaries start munching and chewing their meal of celery and then several engage in a short argument...Peccaries have very sharp and strong tusks in both jaws which they click together rapidly when angered...HIPPOPOTAMUS: The Hippopotamus on occasion gives vent to loud snorts and roars. Despite its large size this animal can move rapidly. This female Hippopotamus seems to delight in snorting and for no apparent reason frequently rolls over and over in the water like a spinning log. PUMA: The Puma or cougar is a large cat found in North and South America. Pumas sometimes scream in a wierd and startling manner. A gentle male Puma enjoys baving its head scratched and its body rubbed. The cat is pressing against the bars of the cage. After some prolonged petting on the part of the keeper, this puma responds with a variety of calls, . and will frequently purr like any contented house cat. A not so gentle female puma is the mother of two kittens. Curiously she becomes enraged at the sight of certain keepers and by yowling and spitting, voices her displeasure in no uncertain terms...LION: Feeding time in the lion house is always exciting and noisy. The huge cats pace back and forth impatiently awaiting their meal...Two keepers feed the cats. One opens a small gate in the cage with an iron bar. The second spears a piece of meat with a big fork and shoves it through the gate. The roar of the African Lion is awe-inspiring sound and the. Lion house actually trembles when all the cats roar at the same time. At the zoo the Lions can be depended upon to roar about half an hour after feeding. INDIAN ELEPHANT: The Indian Elephant utters a number of sounds. Some originate in the throat and others are produced by blowing air through the trunk. The famous shrill trumpet varying in sound indicates anger or want. Loud throat roar is caused by extreme anger. Low deep rumbling in the base of the trunk expresses contentment. A soft warning sound is made by rapping the tip of the trunk on the ground...During their daily outdoor show frequently the elephant will loudly express their resentment. When the elephants are exercised indoors their voices echo throughout the building. Some of their musical trumpets sound like rifle shots. DOMESTIC FOWL: Everyone has heard the crowing of a Rooster telling the world that he is cock of the walk, but many people do not know that chickens have many other vocalizations that have special meanings. We would like to play some of these sounds and as we play each one describe the meaning which we believe each sound or signal has for other chickens. When a baby Chick is lost, cold, or hungry, it gives distress calls. When the baby Chick is returned to its companions or to the warm incubator from the cold, or is given food, it gives pleasure or contentment notes. These notes, unlike the distress calls sound quite pleasant to the human ear. Another group of sound Signals are made by mother hens to attract her Chicks. As the brooding hen walks along she keeps clucking to the chicks and this clucking means 'follow me’. When the mother hen discovers some grain or other food she scratches and pecks at the food and calls her Chicks with excited food calls and the Chicks come running from all directions. At night-fall the mother hen finds and settles down in a good place where she wiehes to spend the nilbt and calls her Chicks to come and be brooded, using a special roostint call that to our ears sounds like the purring of a contented cat. Chickens have various notes to express different deveea and kinds of danger. One of these warnings sipifies a ground predator such as an approaching dog or mzn. When a hawk fiies into the chicken yard the adult chickens each live a loud scream and thia hawk warnin, causes the Chicks to run and hide at once under or next to any nearby object. In conclusion, these various recorded sounds suggest that just as man has his own special language. so chickens have their own special vocal communication which help them 'to solve their own living problems’. GOATS AND SHEEP: Goats and sheep have a number of vocalizations that serve as a means of communication. Some examples will be given of these vocal signals which have been recorded on magnetic tape. Goats have a warning call against predators; for example, mother Goats may snort on smelling or seeing dogs. When a kid is separated from its mother, the kid gives distress calls. These are high-pitched and prolonged cries. A mother Goat separated from her kid bleats in distress. These calls are high-pitched relatively prolonged notes. When a kid is returned to its mother, she shifts to a lower-pitched attraction call. A lamb separated from its mother gives high, prolonged distresl calls. When a ewe is separated from her lamb she calls her characteristic Baaaaa and when her lamb is returned she shifts to a lower-pitched gurgling note. The mother of a new-born lamb calls repeatedly in the low gurgling voice that apparently attracts the lamb. A mother Goat with a new-born kid gives low segmented calls repeatedly and these calls apparently attract the kid. Billy-Goat gives a rolling sex-call as he approaches and comes next to a female in heat. He does some snorting as well. A rival male approaches the same oestrus female. The Buly-Goat moans loudly and attacks his rival. Goats may give low, relatively prolonged threat sounds just before driving competitors from a food supply. Threat sounds are interspersed with thrashing of horns. It may be remarked that Sheep also give the rolling sex-call and threat sounds and in quite similar form to these sounds as given by goats. In conclusion, these various recorded sounds help illustrate some of the functions and similarities of vocal communication among goats and sheep.

SOUND OF

ANIMAL Audible communication of zoo and farm animal

TRAKS SIDE A recorded by Arthur Greenhall Introduction and tiger -Rhinoceros - Rhesus monkeys - Rhea - Chimpanzee - Peccary - Hippopotamus Puma - Lion - Indian elephant TRACKS SIDE B recorded by Nicholas Collias Domestic Fowl - Goats and sheep

copyright 1954 by Folkways Records and service corporation, 43w 61st, N.Y.C. 10023 - long playng non-breakble micro groove 331/brpm unauthorized reproduction of this recordings prohibited by federal law and subject to criminal, prosecution. All sound on this record are copyrighted by the recorders and Folkways Records. Written permission is necessary for commercial use or reproduction to another mechanical or electronic medium

Flokways records and service corp., 43w. 61st., N.Y.C. 10023 long playng non-breakble micro groove 331/brpm unauthorized reproduction of this recordings prohibited by federal law and subject to criminal, prosecution. All sound on this record are copyrighted by the recorders and Folkways Records. Written permission is necessary for commercial use or reproduction to another mechanical or electronic medium

Tiger: the lion’s roar is easy to recognize. The tiger’s voice is not as loud as the lion’s but is extremely savage. Zoo tigers generally growl and snarl at feeding time. A keeper has given a ten-pound meat steak to a large female siberian tiger. The cat is cr ver it’s dinner, growling and snarling at the man who is preparing food for a puma that can be heard in the background. Rhinoceros: the african black rhinoceros become restless at feeding time. Since these animal are treacherous , keepers place their hay and n adjoing stall. One male rhinoceros usually bangs the iron door with its horns and utters a plaintive call. Resume monkeys: indian makacos or rhesus monkeys are perhaps one of the most popular of the old world monkeys to be seen in any zoo. They are no ive voice to a number of sounds under various conditions. Rhea the rhea or so called american ostrich is a large flightless south american bird. In the spring the males or cocks attack each other viciously and utter a deep blooming call. After the female rhea lays i he male incubates them and cares for the babies. Young rheas follows their father and cry...Chimpazees: zoo men who work with chimpanzees can recognize individuals and their movements by voice alone...Several chimpanzees await their morning meal.The a ery active, jump up and down and loudly slap the sides of their enclosures with their hands and feet. Breakfast consisting of milk and fruit is being served...It is amusing to hear them grunt as they peal and eat their bananas and oranges. Listen to what happens w himpanzees are interrupted while eating and their food taken away. Just before feeding time they all started to whine and cry for their food. As their keeper approaches with grain, fruit, vegetables and bread, the tempo and cries change….Squabbles invariably aris meal-time, but finally all the monkeys are fed.Chimpanzees use a variety of extremely expressive sounds.There is some doubt as to whether these great apes actually have the power of speech. However, one study has classified meaningful sounds into those whi o do first with food including waiting to be fed and actual eating; and secondly those sounds associated with people and other creatures which include…or so-called talking among themselves. A young chimpanzee is told to sit on a chair alone. It pleads to leave a o sidle off the seat. When not permitted to do so...During the daily play period the chimpanzees roll and tumble on the floor with their keeper….Someone enters the chimpanzee house and is greeted...A keeper is teaching an ape to make a resounding good-bye ki eeper leaves the building for the day and the apes sound unhappy. Peccaries: peccaries are the american members of the swine group. They resemble small dark pigs with manes which can stand up and bristle when the animals are aroused. At the zoo these c re very noisy during feeding time. A keeper opens an iron door the peccaries start munching and chewing their meal of celery and then several engage in a short argument...Peccaries have very sharp and strong tusks in both jaws which they click together rapid ngered...Hippopotamus: the hippopotamus on occasion gives vent to loud snorts and roars. Despite its large size this animal can move rapidly. This female hippopotamus seems to delight in snorting and for no apparent reason frequently rolls over and over in th ke a spinning log. Puma: the puma or cougar is a large cat found in north and south america. Pumas sometimes scream in a wierd and startling manner. A gentle male puma enjoys baving its head scratched and its body rubbed. The cat is pressing against the he cage. After some prolonged petting on the part of the keeper, this puma responds with a variety of calls, . And will frequently purr like any contented house cat. A not so gentle female puma is the mother of two kittens. Curiously she becomes enraged at the ertain keepers and by yowling and spitting, voices her displeasure in no uncertain terms...Lion: feeding time in the lion house is always exciting and noisy. The huge cats pace back and forth impatiently awaiting their meal...Two keepers feed the cats. One opens ate in the cage with an iron bar. The second spears a piece of meat with a big fork and shoves it through the gate. The roar of the african lion is awe-inspiring sound and the. Lion house actually trembles when all the cats roar at the same time. At the zoo the li e depended upon to roar about half an hour after feeding. Indian elephant: the indian elephant utters a number of sounds. Some originate in the throat and others are produced by blowing air through the trunk. The famous shrill trumpet varying in sound indicate r want. Loud throat roar is caused by extreme anger. Low deep rumbling in the base of the trunk expresses contentment. A soft warning sound is made by rapping the tip of the trunk on the ground...During their daily outdoor show frequently the elephant w xpress their resentment. When the elephants are exercised indoors their voices echo throughout the building. Some of their musical trumpets sound like rifle shots. Domestic fowl: everyone has heard the crowing of a rooster telling the world that he is cock of th ut many people do not know that chickens have many other vocalizations that have special meanings. We would like to play some of these sounds and as we play each one describe the meaning which we believe each sound or signal has for other chickens. aby chick is lost, cold, or hungry, it gives distress calls. When the baby chick is returned to its companions or to the warm incubator from the cold, or is given food, it gives pleasure or contentment notes. These notes, unlike the distress calls sound quite pleasan uman ear. Another group of sound signals are made by mother hens to attract her chicks. As the brooding hen walks along she keeps clucking to the chicks and this clucking means 'follow me’. When the mother hen discovers some grain or other food she sc nd pecks at the food and calls her chicks with excited food calls and the chicks come running from all directions. At night-fall the mother hen finds and settles down in a good place where she wiehes to spend the nilbt and calls her chicks to come and be broode special roostint call that to our ears sounds like the purring of a contented cat. Chickens have various notes to express different deveea and kinds of danger. One of these warnings sipifies a ground predator such as an approaching dog or mzn. When a hawk f he chicken yard the adult chickens each live a loud scream and thia hawk warnin, causes the chicks to run and hide at once under or next to any nearby object. In conclusion, these various recorded sounds suggest that just as man has his own special langu hickens have their own special vocal communication which help them 'to solve their own living problems’. Goats and sheep: goats and sheep have a number of vocalizations that serve as a means of communication. Some examples will be given of these voca which have been recorded on magnetic tape. Goats have a warning call against predators; for example, mother goats may snort on smelling or seeing dogs. When a kid is separated from its mother, the kid gives distress calls. These are high-pitched and prolonge mother goat separated from her kid bleats in distress. These calls are high-pitched relatively prolonged notes. When a kid is returned to its mother, she shifts to a lower-pitched attraction call. A lamb separated from its mother gives high, prolonged distresl calls ewe is separated from her lamb she calls her characteristic baaaaa and when her lamb is returned she shifts to a lower-pitched gurgling note. The mother of a new-born lamb calls repeatedly in the low gurgling voice that apparently attracts the lamb. A mother g new-born kid gives low segmented calls repeatedly and these calls apparently attract the kid. Billy-goat gives a rolling sex-call as he approaches and comes next to a female in heat. He does some snorting as well. A rival male approaches the same oestrus fem uly-goat moans loudly and attacks his rival. Goats may give low, relatively prolonged threat sounds just before driving competitors from a food supply. Threat sounds are interspersed with thrashing of horns. It may be remarked that sheep also give the rolling sex-

produce recorc medium

an tiger. The cat is crouched s place their hay and grain in any zoo. They are noisy and he female rhea lays its eggs, r morning meal.The apes are n to what happens when the abbles invariably arise during ounds into those which have e. It pleads to leave and tries ounding good-bye kiss...The d. At the zoo these creatural y click together rapidly when ls over and over in the water pressing against the bars of omes enraged at the sight of the cats. One opens a small me. At the zoo the lions can ying in sound indicates anger ently the elephant will loudly d that he is cock of the walk, s for other chickens. When a sound quite pleasant to the or other food she scratches come and be brooded, using mzn. When a hawk fiies into is own special language. So given of these vocal signals pitched and prolonged cries. rolonged distresl calls. When he lamb. A mother goat with he same oestrus female. The o give the rolling sex-call and

Running with scissors: process book,

Final typographic template 22

SIDE A Introduction And Tiger

Rhinocerous Rhesus Monkeys Rhea Chimapzee Peccary Hippopotamous Puma Indian Elephant Lion Recorded By Arthur M. Greenhall

SIDE B Domestic Fowl Goats And Cicks Recorded By Nicholas Collias

TIGER: The lion’s roar is easy to recognize. The tiger’s voice is not as loud as the lion’s but is extremely savage. Zoo Tigers generally growl and snarl at feeding time. A keeper has given a ten-pound meat steak to a large Female Siberian Tiger. The cat is crouched over it’s dinner, growling and snarling at the man who is preparing food for a puma that can be heard in the background. RHINOCEROS: The African black Rhinoceros become restless at feeding time. Since these animal are treacherous , keepers place their hay and grain in an adjoing stall. One Male Rhinoceros usually bangs the iron door with its horns and utters a plaintive call. RESUME MONKEYS: Indian Makacos or rhesus monkeys are perhaps one of the most popular of the old world monkeys to be seen in any zoo. They are noisy and give voice to a number of sounds under various conditions. RHEA The Rhea or so called American ostrich is a large flightless south American bird. In the spring the males or cocks attack each other viciously and utter a deep blooming call. After the female Rhea lays its eggs, the male incubates them and cares for the babies. Young Rheas follows their father and cry...CHIMPAZEES: Zoo men who work with chimpanzees can recognize individuals and their movements by voice alone...Several Chimpanzees await their morning meal.The apes are very active, jump up and down and loudly slap the sides of their enclosures with their hands and feet. Breakfast consisting of milk and fruit is being served...It is amusing to hear them grunt as they peal and eat their bananas and oranges. Listen to what happens when the Chimpanzees are interrupted while eating and their food taken away. Just before feeding time they all started to whine and cry for their food. As their keeper approaches with grain, fruit, vegetables and bread, the tempo and cries change….Squabbles invariably arise during meal-time, but finally all the monkeys are fed.Chimpanzees use a variety of extremely expressive sounds.There is some doubt as to whether these great apes actually have the power of speech. However, one study has classified meaningful sounds into those which have to do first with food including waiting to be fed and actual eating; and secondly those sounds associated with people and other creatures which include…or so-called talking among themselves. A young Chimpanzee is told to sit on a chair alone. It pleads to leave and tries to sidle off the seat. When not permitted to do so...During the daily play period the Chimpanzees roll and tumble on the floor with their keeper….Someone enters the Chimpanzee house and is greeted...A keeper is teaching an ape to make a resounding good-bye kiss...The keeper leaves the building for the day and the apes sound unhappy. PECCARIES: Peccaries are the American members of the swine group. They resemble small dark pigs with manes which can stand up and bristle when the animals are aroused. At the zoo these creatural are very noisy during feeding time. A keeper opens an iron door The Peccaries start munching and chewing their meal of celery and then several engage in a short argument...Peccaries have very sharp and strong tusks in both jaws which they click together rapidly when angered...HIPPOPOTAMUS: The Hippopotamus on occasion gives vent to loud snorts and roars. Despite its large size this animal can move rapidly. This female Hippopotamus seems to delight in snorting and for no apparent reason frequently rolls over and over in the water like a spinning log. PUMA: The Puma or cougar is a large cat found in North and South America. Pumas sometimes scream in a wierd and startling manner. A gentle male Puma enjoys baving its head scratched and its body rubbed. The cat is pressing against the bars of the cage. After some prolonged petting on the part of the keeper, this puma responds with a variety of calls, . and will frequently purr like any contented house cat. A not so gentle female puma is the mother of two kittens. Curiously she becomes enraged at the sight of certain keepers and by yowling and spitting, voices her displeasure in no uncertain terms...LION: Feeding time in the lion house is always exciting and noisy. The huge cats pace back and forth impatiently awaiting their meal...Two keepers feed the cats. One opens a small gate in the cage with an iron bar. The second spears a piece of meat with a big fork and shoves it through the gate. The roar of the African Lion is awe-inspiring sound and the. Lion house actually trembles when all the cats roar at the same time. At the zoo the Lions can be depended upon to roar about half an hour after feeding. INDIAN ELEPHANT: The Indian Elephant utters a number of sounds. Some originate in the throat and others are produced by blowing air through the trunk. The famous shrill trumpet varying in sound indicates anger or want. Loud throat roar is caused by extreme anger. Low deep rumbling in the base of the trunk expresses contentment. A soft warning sound is made by rapping the tip of the trunk on the ground...During their daily outdoor show frequently the elephant will loudly express their resentment. When the elephants are exercised indoors their voices echo throughout the building. Some of their musical trumpets sound like rifle shots. DOMESTIC FOWL: Everyone has heard the crowing of a Rooster telling the world that he is cock of the walk, but many people do not know that chickens have many other vocalizations that have special meanings. We would like to play some of these sounds and as we play each one describe the meaning which we believe each sound or signal has for other chickens. When a baby Chick is lost, cold, or hungry, it gives distress calls. When the baby Chick is returned to its companions or to the warm incubator from the cold, or is given food, it gives pleasure or contentment notes. These notes, unlike the distress calls sound quite pleasant to the human ear. Another group of sound Signals are made by mother hens to attract her Chicks. As the brooding hen walks along she keeps clucking to the chicks and this clucking means 'follow me’. When the mother hen discovers some grain or other food she scratches and pecks at the food and calls her Chicks with excited food calls and the Chicks come running from all directions. At night-fall the mother Flokways records and service 43w. 61st ST, N.Y.C. long finds and settles down in a good place where she wiehes to spend the nilbt and calls her Chicks to come and be brooded, using a special roostint call that to our ears sounds like the purring corp. playing non- breakable micro of a contented cat. Chickens have various notes to express different deveea and kinds of danger. One of these warnings sipifies a ground predator such as an approaching dog or mzn. When groove 331/brpm unauthorized of this recordings a hawk flies into the chicken yard the adult chickens each live a loud scream and thia hawk warnin, causes the Chicks to run and hide at once under or next to any nearby object. In conclusion reproduction prohibited by federal law and these various recorded sounds suggest that just as man has his own special language. so chickens have their own special vocal communication which help them 'to solve their own living problems. subject to criminal, prosecution. All sound on this record are GOATS AND SHEEP: Goats and sheep have a number of vocalizations that serve as a means of communication. Some examples will be given of these vocal signals which have been recorded copyrighted by recorders.Writpermission is necessary for on magnetic tape. Goats have a warning call against predators; for example, mother Goats may snort on smelling or seeing dogs. When a kid is separated from its mother, the kid gives distress ten use or reproduction calls. These are high-pitched and prolonged cries. A mother Goat separated from her kid bleats in distress. These calls are high-pitched relatively prolonged notes. When a kid is returned to its tocommercial another electronic medium mother, she shifts to a lower-pitched attraction call. A lamb separated from its mother gives high, prolonged distresl calls. When a ewe is separated from her lamb she calls her characteristic Baaaaa and when her lamb is returned she shifts to a lower-pitched gurgling note. The mother of a new-born lamb calls repeatedly in the low gurgling voice that apparently attracts the lamb

Running with scissors: process book,

NiccolĂ˛ Borgia, Minneapoli College of Art and Design

Abstract/ images composition 25

Running with scissors: process book,

NiccolĂ˛ Borgia, Minneapoli College of Art and Design

Running with scissors: process book,

NiccolĂ˛ Borgia, Minneapoli College of Art and Design

Running with scissors: process book,

NiccolĂ˛ Borgia, Minneapoli College of Art and Design

Running with scissors: process book,

NiccolĂ˛ Borgia, Minneapoli College of Art and Design

Running with scissors: process book,

NiccolĂ˛ Borgia, Minneapoli College of Art and Design

Running with scissors: process book,

NiccolĂ˛ Borgia, Minneapoli College of Art and Design

Running with scissors: process book,

NiccolĂ˛ Borgia, Minneapoli College of Art and Design

Running with scissors: process book,

NiccolĂ˛ Borgia, Minneapoli College of Art and Design

Running with scissors: process book,

NiccolĂ˛ Borgia, Minneapoli College of Art and Design

Running with scissors: process book,

NiccolĂ˛ Borgia, Minneapoli College of Art and Design

Running with scissors: process book,

NiccolĂ˛ Borgia, Minneapoli College of Art and Design

Running with scissors: process book,

NiccolĂ˛ Borgia, Minneapoli College of Art and Design

Running with scissors: process book,

NiccolĂ˛ Borgia, Minneapoli College of Art and Design

Running with scissors: process book,

NiccolĂ˛ Borgia, Minneapoli College of Art and Design

Running with scissors: process book,

NiccolĂ˛ Borgia, Minneapoli College of Art and Design

Running with scissors: process book,

NiccolĂ˛ Borgia, Minneapoli College of Art and Design

Running with scissors: process book,

NiccolĂ˛ Borgia, Minneapoli College of Art and Design

Running with scissors: process book,

NiccolĂ˛ Borgia, Minneapoli College of Art and Design

Collages become posters 61

+ + + + ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ + + + + + + + + ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ + + + + Running with scissors: process book,

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NiccolĂ˛ Borgia, Minneapoli College of Art and Design

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November 10, 2008 MCAD_GALLERY 2501 Stevens Avenue 8PM // 25$ // Open Bar www.notalltheanimal areinazoo.com

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November 10, MCAD_GALL 2501 Stevens A 8PM // 25$ // Op www.notallthe areinazoo.c