THE AMERICAN HOSTEL 4
a prototype for the lodging industry
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1
PROJECT INTRODUCTION - problem statement -goals & objectives
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CONTEXT - site & demographics -existing building - client & user needs
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DESIGN THEORIES & TRENDS -european hostels - lodging trends - austin’s tourism - austin’s style & culture
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PRECEDENT STUDIES - hostelling international- boston - generator- barcelona - generator- berlin mitte
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS & GUIDELINES - proximics - way finding - branding - multi-user kitchens & trends - activity/ people grouping - sustainable living - trends: materials, lighting, color - behavioral setting theory - sociological needs - territory - privacy - universal design - rewards programs
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SPATIAL REQUIREMENTS & CODES - spatial requirements - adjacencies - international building code 2012 - ada
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
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PROJECT INTRO
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PROJECT INTRO| 5
PROBLEM STATEMENT The hospitality industry was one of the largest and most profitable industries
This new style of specialized economic hotels still doesn’t compare to
in the world this year. It contributed to 9% of global GDP (gross domestic
popular European hostels that offer economic packages with tourist
product) and accounted for 255 million jobs. The industry is projected to
amenities based on local cultural customs. International travel will continue
increase 4% annually and by 2020, it will account for 1 in 10 global jobs.
to increase in the future as well as the number of millennial tourists, who
With an increase in demand, comes intense competition and a wide variety
are becoming the largest customer demographic making this a new client
of options for tourists to choose from. The United States’ lodging industry is
for the hospitality industry to design for. Millennials are changing the way
mostly composed of full service hotels chains. Since the economic downfall
the industry thinks about lodging, amenities, sustainability, technology,
in 2008, it has been found that tourists are interested in economic options for
convenience, and affordability.
business and leisure travel. The options for this sector are almost exclusively limited to dingy motels and outdated full service hotels. Trends predict hotel
Austin, Texas is no exception to these trends with its largest demographic
chains are either moving away from full service hotels to upgraded luxury
group between the ages of 25 - 44. Its hip culture, art festivals, organic food
boutique hotels, or down grading to economic specialized service hotels to
trend, the University of Texas, and famous live music scene draws in young
better fit into the economic market.
tourists each year. Millennials want the luxury of location and security without all the frills and expensive price tag. This calls for a new prototype in the lodging industry - an American hostel.
6| PROJECT INTRO
The intent of this project is to reflect European hostels that have been carefully designed to promote their respective city. They have been termed boutique hostels because they are usually smaller in occupancy load, offer limited amenities based on a specific clientele niche, and have been created by local designers or artists. This American prototype will occupy a historic warehouse in downtown Austin at the corner of 4th and Colorado. Re-purposing this
The hostel will capture the essence and values of European hostels in order to create unique solutions for a sustainable, safe, and community-oriented lodging experience dedicated to the millennial generation and their cultural education through travel.
building promotes Austin’s green building initiative and the sustainable efforts of this project. Limiting the amount of private space, and expanding the public spaces will promote this sustainable lifestyle.
(ACS Profile Report 2012) (Edwards, Gavin) (Kendall College) (List Infographic) (Powers, Thomas F., and Clayton W. Barrows)
PROJECT INTRO| 7
GOALS & OBJECTIVES
spatially efficient
EXPERIENCE
SUSTAINABLE daily living
Reduce the amount of dedicated individual space by creating shared sleeping quarters.
Implement passive sustainable techniques into the construction of the built environment.
Create community kitchens that promote guest interaction through culinary experiences.
Reduce the amount of waste produced, promote recycling, encourage the reuse of linens, and provide reusable dish and glassware.
Design a flexible community living space for socializing, working, entertaining, and relaxation.
Implement energy efficient products and systems. Provide access to public transportation to minimize the use of personal automobiles.
8| PROJECT INTRO
ENHANCE the community Design a public living area for the hostel that is also open to the community. Create a roof top garden that allows guests and citizens to collect produce to use in the community kitchens. Provide a unique lodging experience that celebrates the city’s distinctive character.
alter american
PERCEPTIONS Create a safe and welcoming atmosphere. Provide advanced door hardware to increase room security and check-in efficiency. Create a design aesthetic that reflects the local culture of the community. Create consistent way-finding cues throughout the hostel.
Promote local artists and attractions by establishing partnerships. PROJECT INTRO| 9
CONTEXT
2 stamen maps
CONTEXT| 11
SITE
The hostel will be located in downtown Austin, TX at the corner of 4th and Colorado in the Warehouse District. This location was chosen because of it’s convenience to I-35, Lady Bird Lake, 6th street restaurants and bars, shopping, and public transportation. Guests can take advantage of the nearby bus stops, and bike lanes as shown in the image in blue. It is with-in walking distance of multiple shops, restaurants, walking trails, and recreational sports.
stamen maps
bus stop
12| CONTEXT
major highway
recreational activities
restaurants & bars
retail area
EXISTING BUILDING
The existing building was constructed in 1905 as the Davis (Nelson) warehouse and was chosen for this project because it is one of the city’s last historical warehouses remaining today. It was designated as a CIty of Austin Landmark in 1990. Renovating this building structure into a hostel promotes the sustainable aspect of the project. The exterior is composed of a red brick facade, google maps
wood windows and doors, black powder coated steel, and concrete. The structure and design aesthetic will be incorporated into the new design for sustainability and cost reasons. parking site pedestrian access
stamen maps
CONTEXT | 13
EXISTING BUILDING
photos by kendra locklear ordia
14| CONTEXT
EXISTING BUILDING
The existing building is located on 4th and Colorado in the Warehouse district. It is one of the only remaining warehouses left with-in the city limits. As seen in the images, it has a brick facade and a flat roof with potential for rooftop access. The window voids will be left in tact but will have new efficient windows installed. There are 2 levels as well as a basement that will be developed into the hostel and community spaces. There is sidewalk access as well as ramps to the main level. CONTEXT | 15
DEMOGRAPHICS The ACS Profile Report 2012 states that in
Austin, Texas's Age Demographic
Austin, TX the median age in years is 31.7 and
17,804
that the largest population group is between the
35,260 33,963
ages of 25-44 years. The report also says that there are 105,722 students enrolled in college
8,035 58,339 59,193
43,643 41,720
or graduate school. The information also states that 9,829 people lived abroad 1 year ago,
49,709
99,080
suggesting a strong interest in travel and cultural education. (ACS Profile Report 2012) 85,165
<5
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
25-34
35-44
45-54
55-59
60-64
65-74
75-84
85+
U.S. News states that Austin and its suburbs are the fastest growing areas in the United States.
131,702
According to the Census Bureau, the fastest population growth was in the year 2013. Three of Austinâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s suburbs were listed in the top 10 most rapid growing cities in the U.S. An article written by U.S. News Today states that Austin is ranked the No. 1 market for millennials (Peralta, 16| CONTEXT
Katherine.)
178,982
Median Age: 31.7 years
USER BACKGROUND
Generation Y - Born after 1980 to early 2000’s -
Increased dependency on technology, social media, constant communication
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Considered the Trophy generation because of the dependency on rewards and recognition.
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Approximately 80 million millennials in the U.S. or about 30% of the population.
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Known for lengthening the transition to adulthood or the ‘real world’ delaying marriage or starting a career.
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Focused on materialistic values- money, fame, image.
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Open minded, supportive of equal rights
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Confident, self expressive, liberal, upbeat, receptive to new ideas and ways of living.
This hostel is targeting the up and coming largest tourist demographic, Generation Y or Millennials. They are changing the way the lodging industry, is designing, operating, and marketing their companies. Most often this demographic aspires to travel the country they are visiting and learn the lifestyle of the local people, visit with other tourists, plan their own excursions, and participate in local activities in the community (Edwards, Gavin 14). “Interaction among backpackers can lead to the sharing of experiences and new ideas benefiting both parties by expanding their knowledge and understanding of other’s cultures and way of life” (Edwards, Gavin 7). Research has shown that hostel users are typically young with the majority being in the ages of 18-35, well educated, and at a transitional point in their life (Edwards 15). Studies have found that this age group tends to be more social than any other age and find inexpensive means to do so (Edwards 15).
(Main, Douglas) CONTEXT | 17
CLIENT PROFILES
couples
RETREAT
These guests are looking for a beautiful oasis for a long weekend vacation. They are looking for a private room, specialized amenities, great food, low key nightly entertainment, and opportunities to make new friends. 18| CONTEXT
GROUP vacation These guests are long- term friends and are comfortable being around each other and have similar interests. They are looking for a dorm room to stay together, convenient location, music night scene, and a place to chill during down time.
RECREATIONAL traveler
work
ENTHUSIAST
This guest is independent and looking to meet new friends in a different environment.
This guest is in town on business and maybe extending through the weekend for a personal trip.
They are looking to stay in a dorm, safe location, public transport, group activities to join in on, cultural education.
They are looking for a dorm or private room, a place to work in between meetings, group activities to join in on, convenient location.
CONTEXT | 19
GUEST WISH LIST
One of the most dominant preferences for hostels is afford-ability (Edwards 17). The benefit to having a cheaper lodging option is that visitors can extend their length of stay in the region based on need or want (Edwards 18). It has been found that hostel visitors stay for any length of time from 4 weeks to a year. Rooms can vary from dormitories with single or mixed sex occupants, to private quarters (which are more popular in U.S. locations) (Edwards 17). Other amenities include a shared kitchen, common room, restaurant, and a place to buy food to name a few. This allows visitors to cook their own meals, keeping their budgets in tact while allowing them to relax and socialize with other tourists. Studies have shown that meeting other travelers, making new friends, and socializing with others - especially locals - is a key priority for hostel users (Edwards 17). Once again it is noted that the top priorities for hostel users are locations near points of interest, near transportation, and in a safe part of town (Edwards 17).
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Affordable Convenient Location Safe Clean Public Transportation Walk/ Bike Accessibility Sustainable Lounge Cafe/ Bar Nightly Entertainment Cultural Experience Unique/ Cool Design
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CONTEXT | 21
HOSTEL NEEDS Space
Size
Lounge
500
1
socializing, entertaining
Coffee Bar
500
1
prepare drinks, snacks
Meeting Room
200
1
small meetings
Reception
200
1
check in/ out, security
Entry Restroom
125 each
2
1 men, 1 women
Manager Office
250
1
manager, paperwork, finance
Storage
100
1
loading, back stock
Delivery
100
1
laundry, food, supplies
Elevator
100 each
2
vertical circulation
Stairs
200
2
vertical circulation, fire escape
Business Center
300
1
computer, print, charging docks
Laundry
300
1
washer, dryer, folding, storage
Housekeeping
300
1
cleaning products, storage, carts
22| CONTEXT
Quantity
Activities
Space
Size
Quantity
Activities
Private Room
200
5
double bed with en-suite
Dorm Room
500
2
10 bed, with lockers
Female Dorm Room
500
1
10 bed, with lockers
Small Dorm Room
350
2
6 bed with lockers
En-Suite Restroom
50
5
toilet, vanity, shower
Hall Restroom
500
2
toilet, vanity, shower
Community Kitchen
600
2
cooking, eating, lessons
Nodes
50
5
small conversation spaces
Roof Garden
1000
1
collect produce
Garden Shed
150
1
storage for garden
Yoga/ Mediation
500
1
group classes
Entertainment Space
500
1
night entertainment
CONTEXT | 23
THEORIES & TRENDS
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THEORIES & TRENDS| 25
HISTORY OF HOSTELS
The origin of hostels can be traced back to Medieval times when some apprenticeships required obligatory travel to another town or country to practice and hone the skills or trade that was being developed. These lodging accommodations were meant to meet the needs of a particular demographic- students, educators, and apprentices, very similar to modern day hostels. In the 19th century this type of lodging started to appear in Europe and transformed to accommodate traveling youth emphasizing religions, scholastics, and recreations. In 1844 George Williams founded the YMCA and YWCA organizations creating a ‘refuge of bible study and prayer for young men seeking escape from hazards of life on the streets’. He opened first official hostel opened in Germany and was created for students in high school and university. Through the 1800’s many recreational and fitness clubs were established throughout Europe for Youth Activity having a large impact in hostel development. Through the 1800’s many recreational and fitness clubs were established throughout Europe for Youth Activity having a large impact in hostel development. The vision of hostels was very popular in the 20th century because of youth movements that encouraged people to reject the influence of mainstream society and turn to nature for fun and recreation. These young people would travel the country carrying everything in backpacks, camping wherever they could developing the ‘backpacking’ trend.
26| THEORIES & TRENDS
In 1908 The Boy Scouts of America was founded followed by the Girl Scouts of America in 1910. These organizations were started “with the purpose of teaching young boys (& girls) how to survive and live off the land, enhance their moral characteristics, and encourage helpfulness”. These organizations along with the associations before them, emphasized the enjoyment of nature as well as traveling from one hostel to the next while appreciating nature. In the early 20th century, Richard Schirmann founded the first true hostel by the definition we know today in Altena, Germany. He was a teacher and found a way to communicate with language barriers through class trips in nature. “When he and some students were caught in a thunderstorm and forced to take refuge in a school building, Schirrmann envisioned the youth of Germany welcoming the idea of learning while walking through nature”. This began the movement of hostels in Europe were more than 83 were created by 1913. The cities supported these hostels and often gave donations for their development or by providing services for free, some cities built the hostels and then donated them to the Youth Hostel Association (YHA). This association created rules and standards for the lodges, and by 1931 there were 12 YHA’s throughout Europe with over 2600 hostels. In 1932 the major YHA’s created the International Youth Hostel Federations (IYHF) whose purpose was to set up universal standards and which are is still in use today. (Edwards 7-11) THEORIES & TRENDS | 27
EUROPEAN HOSTELS
Big Hospitality UK informs its readers of a new trend in boutique hotels. They believe that the hotel industry is moving away from luxuriously expensive hotels to highly designed, yet low price point lodging. Sarah Sekula, a writer for Fox News states that there is a trend for upscale hostels in Europe catered to young adults who are traveling on leisure or business. These hostels are usually designed by a local architecture company, who understand the culture, tourist attractions, and how to 70
reflect this in the hostel creating a unique experience. They are catered towards young adults between 18 and 35 who have a passion for cultural education and therefore want to stay somewhere that genuinely understands and promotes that culture. These hostels offer specific amenities to their guests depending on the activities available such as: biking, locally brewed beer or coffee, entertainment, walking tours, group activities, music/movie/ book rentals, common spaces, etc. Carl Michel of Generator Hostels states that he sees â&#x20AC;&#x153;luxury hosteling expanding in a big way across the U.S. and also in Asiaâ&#x20AC;? in the next two years. (Perkins, Carina) 70
28| THEORIES & TRENDS
LODGING TRENDS
Hostels have a significant role in the world’s lodging industry but haven’t flourished in the U.S. in comparison with Europe. Hostels may be the key to unlocking growth in the lodging industry by offering cheaper accommodations and creating interest in destinations that were once too expensive. The average room rate for the U.S. is $98.07 a night, creating a perfect market for hostels since they average at $15-45 a night. (Edwards 5). Agata Losantos, author of the New Hotels series, believes that luxury “no longer means providing ostentation spaces, full of glitz and chandeliers”. In other words, “tourists want to feel special, and with that, stay in a unique space that offers one of a kind experiences and amenities”. This theory is proven through hotel chains breaking up their uniform designs across the country, and personally catering them to the local clientele and tourism attractions. Large full service hotels are renovating to become specialized lodging experiences to attract guests to specific destinations and maintain a high level of loyal customers. (Losantos, Agata) 28
THEORIES & TRENDS | 29
AUSTIN’S TOURISM
Music is a huge part of Austin’s tourism industry. “Live music, and music in many other forms, is everywhere in Austin. Musicians play in everything from grocery stores to city council meetings” (Morthland). Local music festivals include: Austin City Limits, South by Southwest, Pachanga Latino Musical Festival, Urban Music Festival, Fun, Fun, Fun Fest, Chaos in Tejas and others worth checking out. Austin musicians can be found at clubs, coffeehouses, bars, taquerias, auditoriums and concert halls - adding up to 250 live music venues with-in the city. The food scene in Austin is growing tremendously each year. Recent honorary awards have driven chefs to the city including Top Chef Texas Paul Qui (executive chef at the newly opened Qui), James Beard award nominee and former Iron Chef America competitor, and chef David Bull, who recently opened Warehouse District venture Congress which has already been given a five star acclaim. Austin is know for its creative art and design scene. There are many museums available such as the Blanton with the nation’s largest university owned collection on exhibit and the Harry Ranson Center with the Gutenbergy Bible. You can find local work of painters, writers, filmmakers, dancers, and musicians to name a few. There are also unique activities unique to Austin to attend to such as the Cathedral of Junk and the Austin Car Art Parade. (Why Austin?) 30| THEORIES & TRENDS
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THEORIES & TRENDS | 31
AUSTINâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S CULTURE 11
62 Visiting food trucks is a popular social activity in Austin
Whole Foods, the supermarket, has its flagship store established in Austin 30
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Austin has a monthly BBQ festival to celebrate its love for food
32| THEORIES & TRENDS
The boardwalk at Lady Bird Lake is a popular place for recreational activities
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9 Paddle boarding at Lady Bird Lake is a favorite summer activity
Biking is popular for leisure, sport, and commuting to work
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24 Visiting Hamilton Pool is a must during the hot humid summer months
Barton Springs is a natural pool and a popular spot during summer months
THEORIES & TRENDS | 33
PRECEDENT STUDIES
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PRECEDENTS| 35
36| PRECEDENTS
HOSTELLING INTERNATIONAL BOSTON
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PRECEDENTS| 37
INFORMATION
Name: Hostelling International- Boston, MA Project Type: Hostel Location: Boston, Massachusetts Project Team: Bergmeyer Associates Stegman Associates Key Dates: Building was built in 1888 Opened in 2012 Sq Footage: 55,500 sq feet in 6 stories 68
(Hostelling International Boston) 38| PRECEDENTS
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FACTS • adaptively reused downtown building • leed gold certified • 1st leed certified accommodation in boston • 1st leed gold hostel in the country 68
• 480 beds • housing starts at $29/ night • 60% international guests • targeted user group: 18-30 years • 46,000 guests annually
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PRECEDENTS| 39
CONCEPT
“creating an attractive flagship urban hostel for a more design conscious market & dispel per-conceived notions about hostelling” Amenities: • Boston City Map • Breakfast • Coffee and Tea all day • WiFi • Linen and towels • Lockers in guest rooms • Shampoo and Body Soap in all showers • Evening programs/activities • Museum Nights
First Floor: • lobby • coffee bar • community meeting room • activity room
• Movie Sneak Previews • Walking tours (Hostelling International Boston) 40| PRECEDENTS
68 for all images
PLANS Second Floor: • guest kitchens • group dining spaces • library • game & t.v. rooms • laundry • private guest rooms Standard Upper Floors •guest rooms •restrooms
PRECEDENTS| 41
SUSTAINABILITY
Facts: • adaptive reuse- leed gold certified • high performance heating & cooling • building envelope enhancements • high recycled content furniture & finishes • bicycle storage • reduced lighting power density • regionally sourced recycled materials • solar thermal panels for hot water heating
(Hostelling International Boston) 42| PRECEDENTS
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OPEN TO PUBLIC Facts: • inter-cultural exchange between the guests and the community • provides places to congregate & connect • lobby, coffee shop, & community room are open to the public • promote educational & service programs ex. alternative spring breaks Materials • Energy-efficient windows • reclaimed materials including: beams from the building for its wood tables and stair treads • blending a rough industrial aesthetic with a clean modern palette
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PRECEDENTS| 43
44| PRECEDENTS
GENERATOR BARCELONA
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PRECEDENTS| 45
INFORMATION
Name: Generator Barcelona Project Type: Hostel Location: Barcelona, Spain Project Team: Carlos Coido- architect Anwar Mekhayech- interior architect Matt Davis- interior architect Key Dates: building was built in 1963 renovation completed in 2013 Sq Footage: 73,000 sq feet
(Generator Hostel Barcelona) 46| PRECEDENTS
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FACTS • target audience includes: budget conscious travelers, core youth market, business group, ‘flash packers’ • 154 rooms including 40 hotel rooms on the upper floors with private terraces • accommodates 726 guests • was originally a spanish national gas co. 66
• all rooms include an en-suite • rooms include: private twins, dorm rooms,
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female only rooms, private hotel rooms • captures barcelona’s nautical history by creating a ship hull in lobby
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PRECEDENTS| 47
CONCEPT
“in 2007 we set out to create an original hostel concept: the marriage of superb locations, unique buildings, cutting edge design, & an energy driven public space fostering local culture & social engagement” Amenities • wi-fi • evening events • breakfast & local food • laundry • 24 hour reception • luggage storage • free guided walking tour daily • multi-lingual staff • complimentary towels • lockable storage in rooms (Generator Hostel Barcelona) 48| PRECEDENTS
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PLANS
Ground: • Lobby • Bar • Dining • Ships hull
mezzanine
• Meeting spaces • Restrooms Mezzanine: • Library • Photo booth • Tech Room • Lounge • Game room
ground
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PRECEDENTS| 49
SUSTAINABILITY
• Ecolab certificate • EPC rating of grade A • smart watt energy metering system that monitors and adjusts energy consumption • installed photo-voltaic cells on the roof • 95% of the property has LED lights Jason Gunn, Development Manager, Patron Capital
(Generator Hostel Barcelona) 50| PRECEDENTS
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MATERIALS Facts: • warm and energetic hotel lobby • rear bar with a vibrant mix of textures and patterns • ornate Hungarian concrete floor tiles • earthy raw metals and woods • 300+ lanterns inspired by Barcelona’s annual Festa Major de Gràcia by local artist, Julie 66
Plottier.
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• vibrant colors inspired by Barcelona’s energy and sunlight
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PRECEDENTS| 51
52| PRECEDENTS
GENERATOR BERLIN MITTE
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PRECEDENTS| 53
INFO
Name: Generator Berlin Mitte Project Type: Hostel Location: Berlin, Germany Project Team: Anwar Mekhayech- design lead Ester Bruzkus- interior architect Mark Asipowicz- lead architect Key Dates: Opened in 2013 Sq Footage:
(Generator Berlin Mitte) 54| PRECEDENTS
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FACTS • joined 2 existing office buildings around a central courtyard • reflects berlin’s culture- open ceilings & simple furniture • themes: old vs new, bright vs dark, rough and moody vs smooth and sleek • london artist created street art in the corridors • rooms include: dorms and twins • all rooms include en-suites • contemporary & unpretentious
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PRECEDENTS| 55
CONCEPT
“backpackers across Europe were starting to show interest in more than just a cheap bed for the night” Amenities: • wi-fi • evening events • breakfast & local food • complimentary towels & linen • lockable storage in rooms
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• laundry • 24 hour reception • luggage storage • multi-lingual staff
(Generator Berlin Mitte) 56| PRECEDENTS
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PLANS • lobby • courtyard • gallery • cafe • canteen • bar • rooms- help guests feel at home when visiting a new city
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ground
PRECEDENTS| 57
CUSTOM ART
• London artist Luke Embden created colorful murals in the corridors • Thierry Noir festooned the corridors with his famous ‘heads with big lips’. • Artist Bella Leonard crocheted a sculpture in the shape of Generator’s “G”.
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(Generator Berlin Mitte) 58| PRECEDENTS
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MATERIALS Facts: • raw materials • reclaimed wood • exposed concrete • steel
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• mastic asphalt • mirrored ceiling • raw copper panels • black walls
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PRECEDENTS| 59
COMPARISON
These hostels were chosen as precedents because they had major details in common: they are in leading cities, they have central locations, are internationally known, and have all used design companies to help promote their brand.
Hostelling International Boston
All of the amenities listed in the chart will be incorporated into the design of this hostel, proving that it will be a unique lodging experience even in comparison with its precedents.
60| PRECEDENTS
Hired Designers Relates to Local Culture Rennovation of Existing Building Sustainable Featuers Lounge CafĂŠ Dorms Private Rooms Entertainment Space Shared Baths Cooking Space
x x x x x x x x x
Generator Barcelona
Generator Berlin Mitte
x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x
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PRECEDENTS| 61
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
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CONSIDERATIONS| 63
PROXEMICS
Proxemics is defined as: The study of the cultural, behavioral, and sociological aspects of spatial distances between individuals. In correlation, communication has been defined in several ways “a symbolic process in which people create shared meanings.” When defining the differences in cultural proxemics we categories them in two groups, contact and non-contact cultures. Although we as Americans are very aware of the boundaries that we live by when we communicate with one another, “the norms for personal space seem to vary considerably from culture to culture” . (Altman, Irwin 129) 64| CONSIDERATIONS
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Western standard for Proxemics
PROXEMICS â&#x20AC;&#x153;A contact culture is when there are Cultural groups in which people tend to stand close together and touch frequently when they interact together. A non-contact culture is when Cultural groups tend to maintain more space and often less touch than contact cultures.â&#x20AC;? Some examples of contact cultures are: South America, 42
the Middle East and Southern Europe with the Middle East being the highest contact. Some examples of non-contact cultures are: Great Britain, the Far East, Japan and the United States with the Far East being the most non-contact. Some scholars believe the United States is more in the middle of the non-contact culture. (Altman, Irwin 113).
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CONSIDERATIONS | 65
BEHAVIORAL SETTING
Steinzor (1950) found that people directed more comments to people they faced than to those sitting in adjacent seats (Altman, Irwin 95). When studying a variety of seating positions, it was found that users preferred to converse in 2 sofas sitting across from each other than any other seating arrangement. At 1’3’ apart, people faced each other from each couch, when spacing exceeded 3’, people sat side by side on the same couch to converse (Altman, Irwin 96). When using chairs, people preferred to sit across from each other at 1’2’ apart rather than sitting side by side. 48
1 - 3’ apart
66| CONSIDERATIONS
> 3’ apart
49
1 - 2’ apart
PERSONAL SPACE
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Personal space involves “an invisible boundary around the self, intrusion into which creates tension or discomfort” (Altman, Irwin 53). It can be thought of as an individual boundary literally ‘attached’ to the self. It is dynamic in that it permits differential access to the self as situations change. When this boundary is crossed, anxiety or stress results. There is some research that shows that extroverts generally maintain a smaller personal space boundary than introverts. This promotes the idea that self directed people approach others more easily as well as the notion that high self esteem individuals get closer to others. It has also been noted that males have a larger personal space boundary than females. Crowding is based on density or the amount of people per amount of space. It is a psychological perceived restriction and infringement through one’s space supply or adjustment of social/ personal variables. Reactions include stress, anger, hostility, and aggression. (Altman, Irwin) CONSIDERATIONS | 67
TERRITORY
Territory has its roots in sociological studies of urban life in the 1920’s (Altman, Irwin 103). Territories are areas controlled on the basis of ownership and exclusiveness of use, for example “mine” or “keep off” (Altman, Irwin 106). Primary Territories are owned and used by a group or individuals, are clearly identifiable by others, are controlled on a permanent basis, and are central to daily life. Control is highly valued, invasion is a serious matter causing an upset to personal identity. Secondary territories are less central; they are pervasive, and exclusive. These are buffer zones between private and semipublic spaces such as a hallway in an apartment building. Markers serve as a preventative function to let others know who is the owner and occupier of the designated space. They are represented by symbols that help define the boundaries of the space. The more markers present, the longer the use will be
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occupied by that user, for example pictures at work. Creating ways for users to define these boundaries and personalize their temporary ‘home’ will be important in creating a comfortable non-hostile environment. (Altman, Irwin) 68| CONSIDERATIONS
Personalize?
PRIVACY Privacy is a central regulatory process by which a person or group makes himself more or less accessible and open to others. By altering the degree of openness, a hypothetical personal boundary is more or less receptive to social interaction with others. Privacy is achieved when the degree of desired contact with others has been met. Crowding comes into play when privacy mechanisms have not functioned effectively, resulting in an excess of undesired social contact. (Altman, Irwin 10) There are four types of privacy: Solitude- you are alone and free from others (most extreme), Intimacy- when a small group separates from outsiders to be alone, Anonymity- you are lost in a 20
crowd such as at a concert, and Reserve- the creation of a psychological barrier against unwanted intrusion, tuning people out (Altman, Irwin 18). In Western cultures, privacy mechanisms in the form of physical barriers is extremely important. For example, doors with locks on restrooms, fences, hedges, separators, etc. The user wants a desired level of privacy, then based on this, expects a level of behavioral mechanisms to be put into play. For example, the restroom door is closed, there is a high level of privacy desired, and the user expects a knock. There is also a clear definition of privacy ranks, for example, children receive less privacy than adults. Creating these defined boundaries will be important to creating a safe and comfortable
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environment for users of all cultures and ages (Altman, Irwin 37). CONSIDERATIONS | 69
PERCEPTION Environmental Perception is the processing of the complex, often meaningful stimuli that we encounter in everyday life. Examples include: patterns, sensations, part to whole, things of significance to us. Environmental Load is the maximum amount of attention and information processing one can handle at any given time. A consequence to excessive stimulation is â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;tunnel visionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; or
42
all of ones attention is focused on one stimulus. When the Behavior
amount of information from the environment exceeds the individuals capacity to process all the information that is relevant, information overload or over stimulation occurs. This theory will be kept in mind when specifically designing the sleeping quarters. Guests will be sharing rooms in most cases, and therefore there will already be a greater amount of stimuli than a standard hotel room. The spaces will need to attract the target audience while providing a calming environment to end the day in. (Altman, Irwin)
70| CONSIDERATIONS
Personal Factors cognitive, affective, biological events
Environmental Factors
KITCHEN DESIGN
55
The communal kitchen will be a unique aspect to the hostel in separating it from its competitors. Guests will be able to have unlimited access to the kitchen in order
57 The rooftop garden will provide produce for guests to use in the kitchens
Modern finishes and appliances keep this culinary school organized
to keep food costs at a minimum while on vacation. There will be programs for local chefs to teach cooking classes at the hostel to incorporate the cultural education goal of the hostel.
17 This culinary school provides â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;podsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; for groups to cook together
10 An herb garden will be included in the kitchen for its aroma and use
CONSIDERATIONS | 71
WAYFINDING
3
21 Sign-age codes for ADA regulations
LEDs and plexiglass
Corridor sign-age located on a handrail
47
26
65 Sign-age and cove lighting
72| CONSIDERATIONS
Simple sign-age with decals and concrete wall
Way-finding icons on corridor wall
65
25 Installations
Simple window graphics
34 Beautiful branding graphics
32
6 Icons and metal
54
6
40 Extruded sign-age on focal wall
Functional graphics
Quirky Accessories
Door sign-age
CONSIDERATIONS | 73
71 for all photos
BRANDING The Bivvi is a hostel in Breckenridge, CO who has designed a cohesive branding package for their young company and is finding great success through new and returning customers. They have created a custom logo, website, design aesthetic, business cards, and even air vents to create a consistent brand identity to target millennials. They pride themselves on offering an affordable lodging accommodation
Materialâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s reflect the active lodge design aesthetic that makes up their cohesive branding package
where the average room rate is $200/ night. They provide great services to keep their young clients active and entertained.
Custom air vents throughout with the logo voided in the metal
74| CONSIDERATIONS
Toe kick at the bar
The website includes activities for visitors reflecting their active brand
Yoga in the lobby
They have multiple social media accounts in order to reach their target audience: millennials
Business cards and room keys add to the cohesive branding
Included hearty breakfast for their active guests #earnyourbreakfast
CONSIDERATIONS | 75
SUSTAINABLE LIVING
This hostel will not only implement sustainable
19
22
fixtures into the built environment, it will also provide guests with effortless ways to practice sustainable living. Sustainability is a popular topic internationally as well as in Austin, TX. Incorporating sustainable living options into the hostel will open the market to more customers than hotels without a sustainable plan.
Exercise equipment that produces electricity from the userâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s physical effort to put back on the grid 27
29
The rewards program will help promote the idea of sustainable living and travel by compensating visitors for their everyday tasks. This has been found as a useful tactic by other hotels worldwide and studies done on Millennials, the target audience.
Herbs will be provided for use
76| CONSIDERATIONS
A rooftop garden will provide produce to the community and guests
13
Bicycle rental and storage will be available to promote sustainable travel
41 Smart fixtures that help users watch the amount of water they obtain
38
photo by kendra Reusing linens and towels will help reduce the amount of water use
Keeping the existing shell will help reduce the amount of waste produced
CONSIDERATIONS | 77
SUSTAINABLE LIVING
37 Electricity only with key card use
39
61 LED light fixtures throughout the building will reduce energy use
28
Minimizing personal space and materials promotes a sustainable lifestyle
78| CONSIDERATIONS
50 International outlet saves energy by not converting through adapters
14 Smart phones can unlock hotel rooms to reduce plastic cards produced
1 Design with recycled materials
12
51 Sound and motion detectors turn off lights when no one is in the room
Install refillable shampoo containers instead of giving take-away bottles
59
31 Design creative recycling collectors to grab attention of visitors
Install solar lights on the roof to safe electricity in the evenings
1 Re-purpose furniture/ materials
16 Use technology to reduce paper
CONSIDERATIONS | 79
TRENDS
1) The Kex Hostel creates an ‘at home’ vibe for it’s clients. 2) The Prahran Hotel creates ‘nodes’ for small conversation groupings. 3) Embracing the ‘raw’ structure, aesthetic, and materials of an existing building. 4) Using installations to create a unique experience. 5) Capturing the local culture
70
80| CONSIDERATIONS
46
53
67
53
CONSIDERATIONS | 81
TRENDS- LOBBY
Hostelling International Boston 68
This trends comparison looks at 6 popular hostels from around the world and 1 hotel in Austin to analyze what trends they are following and what guests are looking for.
Generator Barcelona
66
Generator Berlin Mitte
Bivvi Hostel Breckenridge 71
KEX Hostel Iceland
82| CONSIDERATIONS
70
65
Saint Cecilia Austin 69
MATERIALS: Each hostel uses materials that reflect the local culture and nearby resources available. Concrete, exposed structure, and industrial products create an urban feeling environment. Graphics help create a unified brand while adding to the way-finding of the hostel. Durable materials such as concrete and steel combined with dark colors help minimize wear over time. Combinations of eclectic furniture make the hostels feel more like a lived in â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;homeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; rather than a put together hotel. COLORS: Lively colors in some cases, help showcase the culture and mood of the hostel. LIGHTING: Recessed can lighting is popular for ambient lighting but is supplemented with pendants such as industrial steel for task lighting over reading and dining areas. In some cases, dimmer lighting is used to create a specific ambiance for the lobby/ bar area.
Ace Hostel London
64
CONSIDERATIONS | 83
TRENDS- DINING
This trends comparison looks at 6 popular hostels from around the world and 1 hotel in Austin to analyze what trends they are following and what guests are looking for.
Hostelling International Boston Generator Barcelona
68 Bivvi Hostel Breckenridge
Generator Berlin Mitte
66
71
KEX Hostel Iceland 70
84| CONSIDERATIONS
65
69
MATERIALS: Each hostel uses materials that reflect the local culture and nearby resources available. Similar to the lobby; concrete, tile, and wood floors are popular for durability against sliding dining chairs. The walls are usually a little more unique or graphic in this space, really showcasing the brand of the hostel. The ceilings are once again usually exposed. COLORS: The colors are usually neutral to frame a backdrop against the bold furniture, art, or statement walls. Vibrant accent colors such as yellow, red, and orange are often found here showcasing the brandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s identity.
Saint Cecilia Austin
LIGHTING: Pendant lighting is popular in this space providing task lighting for eating, drinking, and socializing. Track lighting is also common because it can be changed for different moods, events, and art displays.
Ace Hostel London 64
CONSIDERATIONS | 85
TRENDS- ROOMS
Hostelling International Boston 68
Bivvi Hostel Breckenridge
86| CONSIDERATIONS
71
This trends comparison looks at 6 popular hostels from around the world and 1 hotel in Austin to analyze what trends they are following and what guests are looking for.
Generator Barcelona 66
KEX Hostel Iceland
70
Generator Berlin Mitte
65
Saint Cecilia Austin
69
MATERIALS: Each hostel uses materials that reflect the local culture and nearby resources available. Durability and dust collection should be considered closely when looking at sleeping room materials. Concrete, carpet, and wood floors are seen the most often. The walls are usually painted gyp board with an accent wall or art work of some sorts. Most of the ceilings are finished gyp board to keep the dust collection at a minimal. Secure storage of some sort is a necessity. COLORS: Most rooms arenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t decorated identically so off white walls are most popular so they are versatile with the decorations. Accent colors are used to reflect the gender of the user and the hostelâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s brand.
Ace Hostel London
LIGHTING: Recessed can lighting is popular for ambient lighting but is supplemented with pendant or bed side lighting for reading in the evenings. 64
CONSIDERATIONS | 87
REWARDS PROGRAMS
The following hotels provide 3 of the top 10 hotel rewards programs in the United States and are price competitors of the hostel. (Perkins, Ed)
Rewards programs are very common throughout the lodging industry in the U.S. These programs help companies retain repeat guests while offering loyal guests promotions and savings on their lodging options. The following options will give visitors points to redeem at the hostel: 1) Returning Visitors 2) Reuse/ Recycle 43
3) Producing Energy 4) Working in the community garden 5) Teaching a class (yoga, cooking, etc.) 6). Using public transportation or biking 88| CONSIDERATIONS
Guests earn 10 points per in-hotel dollar spent. Earn points on Air Canada, Alaska, American, Delta, United, and American. Free nights are based on point â&#x20AC;&#x153;pricesâ&#x20AC;? that vary by location, season, and expected occupancy. The first substantial benefits, at Gold (which requires 10 stays or 10,000 points), are the best available room and snack or beverage.
43
43
Earn 10 points per in-hotel dollar spent at most brands and five points per dollar. Free nights are based on point “prices” that vary by location, season, and expected occupancy. Choice points can be transferred to Air Canada, Alaska, American, Southwest, Spirit, and United. Entrylevel benefits include late check-in, high-speed Internet, local calls, and newspaper.
Earn one to two airline miles per dollar on Air Canada, Alaska, Delta, Frontier, Hawaiian, JetBlue, United, Virgin America, and 600 miles per stay on Southwest. Pernight award points are based on point “prices” that vary by location, season, and expected occupancy. The first substantial benefits, at Gold and Platinum, are room upgrades, complimentary premium Wi-Fi, access to lounge or free breakfast, late checkout, and free local calls. CONSIDERATIONS | 89
BUILDING CODES
6
BUILDING CODES| 91
IBC 2012
Occupancy classification: 310.3 Residential Group R-1. Residential occupancies containing sleeping units where the occupants are primarily transient in nature, including: Hotels (transient) & Motels (transient) Type of Construction: Type II A Allowable Building Height: 65ft Maximum Building Area: 24,000sf Maximum Building Height: 4 stories Evaluate Mixed Occupancy: Assembly Group A-2 Occupant Load Factor: 200sf/ occupant
92| BUILDING CODES
IBC 2012: R-1 SECTION 420 GROUPS I-1, R-1, R-2, R-3 420.1 General. Occupancies in Groups I-1, R-1, R-2 and R-3 shall comply with the provisions of Sections 420.1 through 420.5 and other applicable provisions of this code. 420.2 Separation walls. Walls separating dwelling units in the same building, walls separating sleeping units in the same building and walls separating dwelling or sleeping units from other occupancies contiguous to them in the same building shall be constructed as fire partitions in accordance with Section 708. 420.3 Horizontal separation. Floor assemblies separating dwelling units in the same buildings, floor assemblies separating sleeping units in the same building and floor assemblies separating dwelling or sleeping units from other occupancies contiguous to them in the same building shall be constructed as horizontal assemblies in accordance with Section 711. [F] 420.4 Automatic sprinkler system. Group R occupancies shall be equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.2.8. Group I-1 occupancies shall be equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.2.6. Quick-response or residential automatic sprinklers shall be installed in accordance with Section 903.3.2. [F] 420.5 Smoke detection and fire alarm systems. Fire alarm systems and smoke alarms shall be provided in Group I-1, R-1 and R-2 occupancies in accordance with Sections 907.2.6, 907.2.8 and 907.2.9, respectively. Single-or multiple-station smoke alarms shall be in accordance with Section 907.2.11. BUILDING CODES | 93
IBC: EGRESS Egress Table 1016.2 Exit Access Travel Distance: Occupancy A : With Sprinkler System = 250 ft 1005.1 Minimum required egress width: The means of egress width shall not be less than required by this section. The total width of means of egress in inches shall not be less than the total occupant load served by the means of egress multiplied by 0.3 inch per occupant for stairways and by 0.2 inch per occupant for other egress components. The width shall not be less than specified elsewhere in this code. Multiple means of egress shall be sized such that the loss of any one means of egress shall not reduce the available capacity to less than 50 percent of the required capacity. The maximum capacity required from any story of a building shall be maintained to the termination of the means of egress. 1010.5.1 Width. The minimum width of a means of egress ramp shall not be less than that required for corridors by Section 1018.2. The clear width of a ramp between handrails, if provided, or other permissible projections shall be 36 inches minimum. 1018.2 Corridor width. & 1023.2 Width. The minimum corridor width and exit passageways shall not less than 44 inches except that exit passageways serving an occupant load of less than 50 shall not be less than 36 inches. 1007.3 Stairways: In order to be considered part of an accessible means of egress, a stairway between stories shall have a clear width of 48 inches minimum between handrails and shall either incorporate an area of refuge within an enlarge floor level landing or shall be assessed from either an area of refuge complying with section 1007.6 or a horizontal exit . Exit access stairways that connect levels in the same story are not permitted as part an accessible means of egress. 1003.5 Elevation change: Where changes in elevation of less than 12 inches exit in the means of egress, sloped surfaces shall be used. Where the slope is greater than one unit vertical in 20 units horizontal (5-percent slope), ramps complying with Section 1010 shall be used. Where the difference in elevation 6 inches or less, the ramp shall be equipped with either handrails or floor finish materials that contrast with adjacent floor finish materials
94| BUILDING CODES
IBC: FLOOR AREA FLOOR AREA, GROSS: The floor area within the inside perimeter of the exterior walls of the building under consideration, exclusive of vent shafts, and courts, without deduction for corridors, stairways, closets, the thickness of interior walls, columns, or other features. The floor area of a building, or portion thereof, not provided with surrounding exterior walls shall be the usable area under the horizontal projection of the roof or floor above. The gross floor area shall not include shafts with no openings or interior courts. FLOOR AREA, NET: The actual occupied area not including unoccupied accessory areas such as corridors, stairways, toilet rooms, mechanical rooms, and closets Residential: 200sf gross Assembly Without Fixed: Unconcentrated: 15sf net
BUILDING CODES | 95
IBC: PLUMBING
96| BUILDING CODES
BUILDING CODES | 97
SPATIAL NEEDS
98| BUILDING CODES
all images from human dimension and interior space
BUILDING CODES | 99
ACCESSIBILITY
100| BUILDING CODES
all images from accessibility design manual
BUILDING CODES | 101
ADA FLOOR SPACE
102| BUILDING CODES
all images from human dimension and interior space
ADA FLOOR SPACE
BUILDING CODES | 103
ADA DOOR SWINGS
104| BUILDING CODES
all images from human dimension and interior space
ADA KITCHENS
BUILDING CODES | 105
ADA LODGING
106| BUILDING CODES
all images from human dimension and interior space
ADA RESTROOMS
BUILDING CODES | 107
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17
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