ARCHITECTURAL PORTFOLIO NIKI NIKOLAOU
CURRICULUM VITAE| C.V. PROFESSIONAL WORKS
UNIVERSITY ISLAND,PEVOGLIA| A.1. MUNICIPALITY OF MORPHOU| A.2. HIGH-RISE TRAFFIC PORT| A.3. ART EDUCATIONAL CENTER| A.4. PRIVATE FAMILY HOUSE| A.5.
ARCHITECTURAL PORTOFOLIO
CONTENTS
ACADEMIC WORKS
TU-DELFT UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSPARENT ENCLOSURES| B.1. ANTARCTIC RESEARCH HOSPITAL | B.2. RIBBON SHADING | B.3. BEYOND TRANSPARENCY | B.4. UNIVERSITY OF CYPRUS ADD - ACTIVE SURFACE| C.1. WIND TUNNEL | C.2. VERTICAL ARCADE| C.3.
NIKI NIKOLAOU ARCHITECT ENGINEER
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C.V. NIKI NIKOLAOU CURRICULUM VITAE
ARCHITECT-ENGINEER, BUILDING TECHNOLOGY SPECIALIST
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PROJECT DESCRIPTION
1|PERSONAL DETAILS: FIRST NAME: NIKI LAST NAME: NIKOLAOU DATE OF BIRTH: 17/06/1989 NATIONALITY: GREEK CYPRIOT ADDRESS:
2|CONTACT INFO: TELEPHONE NUMBER: E-MAIL:
3|LINKS TO SOCIAL NETWORKS:
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EDUCATION: 2013-2015: MSc. in Architecture, Urbanism and Building Science Specialization in Building Technology TU Delft-University of Technology, Netherlands
201 1-2012: Diploma of Architect - Engineer University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus 2007-201 1: B.Sc. in Architecture University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
PROFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIP: 2014-2017: Registered Member of Technical Chamber of Cyprus WORKING EXPERIENCE:
NOVEMBER 2016 - CURRENT: IMA Architectural Studios: Ierides & Michael Architects, Associate Architect Engineer CURRENT: Free Lance, Niki Nikolaou Architect-Engineer SUMMER 2016: collaboration with SIMPRAXIS Architects-Engineers, Nicosia SUMMER 2012 - AUTUMN 2013: M.C. Phocas Architects-Engineers, Nicosia SUMMER 2012: participation in a research project at University of Cyprus
PUBLICATIONS IN REFEREED JOURNAL PAPERS:
2015: M.Sc. N.Nikolaou, Dr.ir. F.A. Veer, Ir. P.Eigenraam, Transparent Form-Active System with Structural Glass. Submitted to the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures (IASS) Symposium 2015, Amsterdam 2014: Phocas,M.C., Kontovourkis, O., Nikolaou, N., Design Approaches of Kinetic Form-Active Hybrid Systems. International Journal of Design and Nature and Ecodynamics, WIT Press, Southampton. Vol. 9, No. 1, pp.13-30, March 2014
TECHNICAL/COMPUTER SKILLS: - Rhinoceros 2D and 3D modelling, Revit 2D and 3D modelling CAD Autodesk 2D modelling - Rhino’s Plug-in for parametric design: Grasshopper additional plug-ins: Kangaroo, LunchBox, Panelling Weavebird, Ladybug, Honeybee, Diva - Artlantis Studio for Rendering - Adobe Suite: Photoshop, Illustrator, In-Design, - Corel Video Studio - MsOffice: Word, Excel, Power Point - TNO DIANA FEA, CSi SAP2000 FEA, Linpro (2d and 3d structural analysis) - CES EduPack 2014 (material analysis)
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PROJECT DESCRIPTION
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TYPE OF WORK:
INTERNATIONAL YOUNG ARCHITECTS COMPETITION SUBMISSION DATE:
15/06/2016 SITE LOCATION: POVEGLIA ISLAND, VENICE, ITALY TYPE OF BUILDING:
UNIVERSITY CAMPUS PROJECT PARTICIPANTS:
NIKI NIKOLAOU ELENA PILAVAKI OLIVER SHALABI
A.1 UNIVERSITY ISLAND, POVEGLIA PROFESSIONAL WORK
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Poveglia island floats over Laguna Veneta along with a significant natural and cultural heritage. The starting point of the project for this abandoned island, is to adapt a new living environment in harmony with the existing. Thus, allowing coexistence between history, nature, myths/rumours and the new campus life. With the main circulation as the backbone of the design, three main areas are defined and therefore add points of reference and directions of orientation. First, the complex with the existing ‘first-born’ buildings, second a complex of additional faculty facilities in combination with the dorms and thirdly, located on the second part of the island -above the river, the sports facilities. Simultaneously, the key of the design is to develop along with the main circulation the potentials for new places of belonging. Places of attachment between locals and the place, locals and visitors or visitors and place. The transformation of Poveglia to a Venetian Gem, emerges from merging the old architecture and new tectonics, which as whole bring to Laguna Veneta a new condition of living spaces. The place of abandonment is converted through the new experiences, to a place of belonging, enjoyment and culture. A university citadel will be born.
[ top view plan ]
B. New buildings and Circulation system
C. Open Public Spaces/ Plazas
A’
The composition of the functions is organised in discrete areas but mixtures of functions are also integrated to allow more social interaction. Particularly, special focus is given to student life on the island and its combination with leisure activities for visitors and tourists. Hence, there is a variety in levels of public spaces (small or large plazas, patios, terraces corridors, alleys). The most exposed plaza which is directly connected with the main dock hosts marketplace, food and shop areas and is surrounded by the library, administration offices and exhibition halls. From this central plaza someone can follow the routes created by the axes to reach his destination either as a student or visitor. The guest house combines the function of hosting visitors with hosting foreign researchers to support university facilities. And finally, the integration of green area on land and rooftops does not limited as an intuitive mechanism but can facilitate cultivation and production of local products to sustain the island.
A. Additional structures on top of the existing
A
The backbone is consist of four parts that link the forestry side of the island where the sport facilities are located with the mainland and the access to the octagon. Despite, the small altitude differences, the axes system unifies the ground and at the same time gives access to the buildings. Its material is differentiated from the rest ground in colour and hardness. The chosen material comes from local industry and belongs to the pavestone palette used in Venetian plazas traditionally, whereas the adjacent plazas are smoother both in colour and hardness and host green expansions. The five endings of the system mark significant directions towards and away from the island. At the western end point the main dock is located to establish the formal connection with the surrounding islands, Venice and Italy. The south-eastern point is a secondary dock and renders the major connection with Lido Island. Again, towards the southern direction from the western side, the axis leads to the auditorium which reaches the octagon. The fourth end point on the east mainly connects the “first-born” buildings complex with the main educational centre (library, classrooms and dorms) and leads to the sea and guest house. Finally, the fifth point connects the “first-born” buildings sports facilities.
[ longitudinal section A-A’ ]
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01
[campus library]
02
A.1
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EXISTING - NEW - LANDSCAPE
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What connects the existing buildings with the new ones is a cinematographic composition of background and foreground. The massive and almost neutral in colour new buildings dominate the background view of the plaza surrounded by the old buildings and water tower. The wide openings follow a rhythm as similarly happen to the existing old buildings. By this way, the interior is either exposed or hide behind the facade. Additionally, the wide openings give snapshots of the backward,- the sea and surrounding lands. Green runs through the interior and exterior of the faรงades to add colour and texture to the background and gives the sense of transformable environment (introduction of time factor). On the other way around, the background of the observer comes to foreground by reflections on the facade. This situation in combination with specific vista views from plazas and alleys constitute the sense of orientation, belonging and enclosure to the passer. Finally, regarding the almost flat altitude of the island the ground and the rooftops create a new topography as a mixture of natural and built environment.
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02
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[section of the main accommodation building]
A.1 03
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03
04
05
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PROJECT DESCRIPTION
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TYPE OF WORK:
EUROPEAN ARCHITECTURAL COMPETITION SUBMISSION DATE:
17/10/2012 AWARDED WITH 2ND PRIZE SITE LOCATION: CYPRUS, NICOSIA TYPE OF BUILDING:
PUBLIC BUILDING - MUNICIPALITY PROJECT PARTICIPANTS:
MARIOS C.PHOCAS GEORGE TRYFONOS NIKI NIKOLAOU
The main idea of the building is the arrangement of functional spaces around an inner courtyard which distributes the movements into the building. While this configuration of space refers to memories associated with the enslaved town of Morphou,it re-approaches the concept of this space by creating a place for new experiences and collective memories.
A.2 MUNICIPALITY OF MORPHOU PROFESSIONAL WORK
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The inner courtyard receives vital significance for the building since allows the natural lighting and air ventilation for each volume in the complex and in addition provides a pleasant place for recreation. Furthermore, the composition of the building is considered environmentally friendly because of the fact that its construction does not require any felling.
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[existing topography]
[the movements are distributed by the inner courtyard (blue arrows) cars’ move (red arrows) pedestrians’ move]
A.2
[the inner courtyard interacts with the indoor public spaces]
[buildings’ primary structure]
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[interior micro-climate] 1. summer ventilation 2. winter passive heating
[1]
A.2
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[2]
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PROJECT DESCRIPTION
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TYPE OF WORK:
INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURAL COMPETITION E-VOLO 2013 SKYSCRAPER COMPETITION SUBMISSION DATE:
18/01/2013 SITE LOCATION: EUROPEAN CAPITAL CITIES TYPE OF BUILDING:
HIGH RISE PUBLIC BUILDING/ TRANSPORTATION PROJECT PARTICIPANTS:
MARIOS C.PHOCAS GEORGE TRYFONOS NIKI NIKOLAOU
A.3 HIGH-RISE PROFESSIONAL WORK
TRAFFIC PORT
[outrigger diagonals inclination adjustment primary structure with 100, 154, 260m height and prefabricated functional units. GFRP-Units Plug-in typology.]
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The redefinition of the skyscraper in the 21st Century is sought after a utopia following contemporary technology driven design realities. Aspects of globalization, sustainability, technological material and system advances and modes of interdisciplinarity are driving forces for the development of the proposed High-Rise Traffic-Port systems prototype that uses fewer resources and adapts efficiently to differing urban sites and programmatic requirements. The design results from the integrative development of its influential components: the environmentally friendly air-transfer network that enables an experiential bridging of urban sites while preserving visual, spatial and time perceptions in human scale; the adaptable high-rise structures that serve as vertical airport elements with inherent geometrical and mechanical features of deploy-ability, vertical expansion, modular assembly, reliability under differing heights and environmental conditions, re-usability of the lightweight components and prefabrication of the functional and green open units hosted within; the air-travel vehicles with enhanced features of ecological symbiosis above the existing urban grounds, loads transfer, speed, structural stability and safety. High-rise structures of 100 to 260m height and 30m diameter, the ‘port-elements’, are positioned as needle arteries within major European cities creating a network of physical and cultural inter-transfer and -communication. A central high-rise structure of 600m height and 70m diameter on ground serves as vertical city that complies with a humanistic and technological emergence of vertical operations. The ‘basis-element’ is equipped with cognitive programmatic functions of vertical resources-sensitive living spaces, operability, reproduction and maintenance of the network components. The airships travel distances across the continents spatial network, with up to 400 Km/h and a loading capacity of 26 passengers, serving different possible private, public, humanitarian, commercial and industrial purposes. The journey above the urban grounds ends with a vertical one. Landing at the port-element induces the vertical bridging to the reality of the contemporary city, throughout private, public and green open spaces. An experiential journey develops equally from the ground to the respective intermediate departure floor on the height. The port-elements offer furthermore an infrastructure of applied digital activities, becoming thus significant nodes of transnational urban reference.
[click: watch animation]
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[airship structure]
[central structure static analysis]
1. [primary internal frame CFRP tube]
[an application of three active tuned mass dampers over the height with 1% of the overall buildings weight is expected to yield approximately 40% reductions in the horizontal displacements response of the system]
2. [primary internal frame CFRP tube with
adaptable strengthening compression member. Closed tube in longitudinal floating direction acting as wind tunnel]
Q=12.5 kN/m2 W=01.0 kN/m2 1. Uw100=0.04 m | T100= 1.78s 2. Uw200=0.10 m | T200= 3.17s 3. Uw260=0.36 m | T260= 5.90s 4. Uw600=1.14 m | T600= 10.50s
3. [primary internal frame CFRP tube with
A.3
adaptable strengthening compression and tension member. Suspension of passengers GFRP-capsules]
4. [airship cladding of single-layered ETFE membrane]
5. [airship cladding of single-layered ETFE
membrane and photovoltaic membrane (1350 m2) with enclosed helium]
1
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2
3
4
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PROJECT DESCRIPTION
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TYPE OF WORK:
EUROPEAN ARCHITECTURAL COMPETITION SUBMISSION DATE:
12/07/2016 SITE LOCATION: CYPRUS, PAPHOS, LEMPA VILLAGE TYPE OF BUILDING:
ART EDUCATIONAL CENTER AND HOSTEL FOR ARTISTS PROJECT PARTICIPANTS:
SIMPRAXIS ARCHITECTS-ENGINEERS, NICOSIA
The proposal consists of two areas, the south and the north, both neighbouring the center of Lempa village and an archaeological site. The areas combine traditional buildings, wild green and some makeshift art and sculpture studios as well as short stay living spaces. The existing random arrangement of working spaces concentrates at the southernmost part of the site and it is combined with the main entrance order to save and exhibit the identity of the place.
A.4 ART EDUCATIONAL CENTER PROFESSIONAL WORK
The development of the proposed buildings firstly follows the boarders of the given site by the competition in terms of arrangement and secondly, in terms of form, follows geometries from the existing traditional buildings. The working spaces offer a specious open plan for pleasant eduction regarding arts. On contrary, the short staying spaces feature compact units with an arrangement which creates small neighbourhoods with collective spaces such as kitchens and circulation corridors. Overall, the concept focuses on the creation of places which enhance the sense of belonging by allowing spacial variation in terms of scale, privacy and collectivity.
[longitudinal section of the south complex]
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[plan section of the south complex]
01
01
02
02
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01| combination of living units and workshop 02| entrance with the characteristic features of the place.
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[south complex]
02
01
01
02
[north complex] 03
04
A’
A.4
2| short stay housing typologies
A
3|section A-A’: common glass kitchen cube
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[plan section of the north complex]
B
[vertical sections of the north complex]
B
04
C
03
C
03
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PROJECT DESCRIPTION
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TYPE OF WORK:
FREE LANCE ARCHITECT STATE:
UNDER DEVELOPMENT [2015-PRESENT] SITE LOCATION: DALI, CYPRUS TYPE OF BUILDING:
PRIVATE FAMILY HOUSE [245m2] PROJECT PARTICIPANTS: ARCHITECT-ENGINEER: NIKI NIKOLAOU CIVIL ENGINEER: VARNAVAS VARNAVA MECHANICAL ENGINEER: XENIOS PAPASTAVROU [NUMECH ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS] ELECTRICAL ENGIREER ANDREAS KYPROU [AK ANDREOU ADVANCED ENGINEERING LTD] CLIENTS: RODOULLA & STEFANOS IOANNOU
A.5 PRIVATE FAMILY HOUSE PROFESSIONAL WORK
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This project is about a family house for 4-6 people and is going to be built in Cyprus, near the suburbs of Nicosia. The composition of the house merges the international contemporary architecture with the traditional architecture of Cyprus. The composition starts from a cubic prism which is divided into two levels and then a game between units with variations of the identical shape of ‘Γ’ begins. By this way the program of the building is organised as it is shown on the corresponding conceptual model. The overall composition revolves around the relationships between interior and exterior as well as the introduction of intermediate spaces (patios). The philosophy behind the way they are interconnected lies on bioclimatic issues and the concept of the traditional “ηλικακός” which is a south oriented part of the house and it is useful for taking advantage of the solar gains during winter. In addition, allows plenty of light to enter the interior of the house. In contrast, this part must be protected from the intense solar radiation during summer. As a result, the south elevation becomes complicated in comparison with the others because of the intermediated zones and shading systems for regulating the thermal and light comfort. The core of the house, where the family will spend the most of their time is represented with a blue colour on the conceptual model and combines the living and dining room with a fireplace in the middle. This part receives plenty of natural daylighting and connects visually and physically the front south part of the courtyard with the north back part (section A-A’). In addition, the core (2) is adjacent to the kitchen on the western side (1) and utility rooms on the east (3). The introduction of sliding panels/doors allows both physical separation and connection between the three different spaces (threefold space). Last but not least, the ultimate goal of the project is to establish a nearly zero energy building of high quality performance by combining renewable resources and bioclimatic design.
[conceptual schematic model]
[ground plan view]
E
N
S
W
threefold space N 1
2
3
S natural ventilation
SOLAR GAINS: natural light heating energy generation (solar thermal panels and PV panels applications)
PATIOS:
2
south: winter patio (1) north: summer patio (2) 1
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[bird eye view _south and west side]
sunpath of 21st June
primary wind direction (all seasons)
sunpath of 21st December
secondary wind direction (more possible in warm seasons)
A.5
[section A-A’] 21st June 12:00
21st December 12:00
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[south elevation, front view]
[west elevation]
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[winter patio]
[winter patio with the main entrance]
A.5
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[construction section of window-wall] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
230mm thermal brick 40mm plasterboard 1 layer of water resistant sheet 50mm XPS insulation concrete beam aluminium frame with embedded thermal break double glazing filled with argon gas, 80mm shading element by Glass Fiber Polymer
2
1 3 4 5
6
8
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PROJECT DESCRIPTION
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TYPE OF WORK:
MASTER OF SCIENCE GRADUATION THESIS, BUILDING TECHNOLOGY TRACK MSc. Architecture, Urbanism and Building Science TU-DELFT University of Technology, The Netherlands GRADUATION DATE:
30/06/2015 TOPIC: TRANSPARENT ENCLOSURES: “Design strategies for free-form shell with structural glass� CASE STUDY:
BRITISH MUSEUM COURTYARD ROOF SUPERVISORS:
Dr. Ir. FRED VEER Ir. PETER EIGENRAAM Dr. CRAIG LEE MARTIN
B.1 TRANSPARENT ENCLOSURES ACADEMIC WORK _ TU-DELFT UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Free-form transparent wide-span spatial structures which have being constructed so far, are based on the concept of three sets of components, the structural components, usually steel elements to ensure both compressive and tensional capacity; the glass cladding elements for expressing transparency; and thirdly an in between set for connecting the cladding with the primary skeleton. Even though glass technology is becoming more and more promising, glass is still considered doubtful in a load-bearing capacity, which implies to a repetitive architectural and engineering repertoire. Nevertheless, in the last two decades there has been a tendency to explore the design and realization of pure structural glass domes. The outcome of these experiments, resulted in glass domes of the same conservative geometry of a sphere of small spans between 5-12.5m. Therefore, the glass still has not reached its limits in terms of architectural forms and span size. Additionally, those studies do not pay any attention n climate performance of the structures limiting to structural aspects. Therefore what is of special interest concerning the presented research is whether or not there are possibilities to implement glass plates in the construction of free-form spatial structures, as a main load-bearing component and the same time fulfil climate performance requirements. In respect to the emerging technologies of glass technology and computation, design strategies revolving around the assumption of using glass to realize a transparent form-active system, are presented through a new concept for an innovative connection method. In particular, the concept of connection relies on the composition of a transparent hybrid composite composed by thermally strengthened glass, sentry glass plus and woven fabric composite. Particularly, the composite has an extended part outwards of a reinforced glass plate, used for easy assembly and disassembly as well as the transfer of tensile forces and
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design. The ultimate target, is to apply the concept of this joining method to any free-form shell geometry constructed out of planar glass plates. In particular, the concept of the hybrid transparent composite is explicitly analysed and numerically modelled in order to determine the parameters influencing the performance of structure. The analysis and FE modelling as well as thermal performance simulations took place in three levels, the micro, meso and macro scale so giving information about the performance from the smallest part to the whole structure. For investigating the macro scale, that is a case study of an application of the hybrid transparent composite, an existing transparent roof shell was chosen for the purposes of the research. The existing shell sets the framework of a specific engineering problem giving so a context to the research. Therefore, by re-approaching the same engineering problem, the aim is to maximize the levels of transparency, to minimize the visual disruption caused by the connections and in addition, to solve the same engineering problem with less construction materials by which the use of steel is minimized and the attention focuses on the load-bearing capacity of glass.
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RESEARCH CONCLUSIONS
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The component design relies on specific parameters which the designer/ engineer must explore during design and then determine the final optimum product regarding the requirements of a specific architectural application. The tests on the scale of plate component, obtained through this research, showed that the combination of glass layers with the Phenolic/E-glass woven fabric composite biaxial lamina, allows for the minimization of stress concentrations at the boundaries of the facets. That can be seen as an embedded frame able to absorb energy so avoiding any glass fracture at the boundaries and more importantly improves the redundancy of the whole structure in case of glass fractures in the middle of the plate. If the glass brake in the middle, then the embedded frame can bridge the tensile loads. As a result, in the case of accident, a total collapse is avoided and a ductile failure can be achieved. The idea of the extended part placed in a linear contact block, is very functional when demount-ability and free-form configurations are considered. Additionally, adds more safety to the use of glass since glass’ edge surfaces are protected against contact damage. What is important about this part, is to achieve the optimum stiffness for the specific location on the overall structure. The linear contact blocks must be kept to the minimum dimensions and regarding their stiffness, this can be enhanced by the embedded rods in the edge of the Phenolic/E-glass woven fabric composite biaxial lamina. Thus, this allows to the part between the linear contact block and glass layers to be relatively flexible in order to exhibit a form-active performance. A form active system can allow for transform-ability of the overall shape during asymmetrical live loads. Generally, in a form-active system the joints can behave as springs, accumulating energy during a live load and then, after loading, they return back to their initial state. By this way, it is assumed that the plates are more likely to translate than bend, ensuring safety with less use of material.
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[anatomy of the transparent hybrid composite (plates)]
FUNCTION
SECTION OF THE HYBRID TRANSPARENT COMPOSITE
HEAT CONTROL depends on the building’s climate performance requirements
Glass Insulating Unit
B.1
Sentry Glass Plus Foil Optional Additional Fabric Layer Embedded Reinforcement Sentry Glass Plus Foil Laminated Glass
Approximate Total Thickness: 30 mm with double glazing unit
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used for laminating the layers together improves redundancy
DOUBLE FUNCTION structural and architectural
[connection detail concept]
11 12 7 9 4 6
7
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.
3.5mm fully tempered glass 2 layers of 2mm heat strengthened glass laminated with Sentry Glass Plus foil 2 layers of 2mm heat strengthened glass laminated with Sentry Glass Plus foil phenolic/E-fiber woven fabric composite biaxial lamina, 4mm thickness pultruded glass fiber composite tube with 24mm diameter protective sleeve made of POM coated with rubber for extra friction linear contact block (extruded aluminium or pultruded glass fiber polymer profile pre-stressing bolt rubber sheet for friction and insulation cap for sealing and reduction of heat transfer transparent silicone filling for sealing soft plastic gadget 8mm air cavity filled with argon
11
1 2 3
7
6 4
13
5
8
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[ 1:1 prototype of the connection detail ]
B.1
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Heat Flows [climate/thermal performance] 𝑙𝑙𝑝𝑝 𝑈𝑈𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 = 𝑈𝑈𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡.𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐.𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 + 𝜓𝜓 𝑆𝑆𝑝𝑝
[the panels of the presented system (orange and grey line) have less heat losses than the existing panels in British Museum Courtyard roof]
Heat Flows Through Hybrid Transparent Composite Panel
PANEL HEAT LOSS [W]
140.00
𝛷𝛷𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 𝑈𝑈𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡.𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐.𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 ∗ 𝛥𝛥𝑇𝑇 ∗ 𝐴𝐴𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡.𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐.𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝
120.00
φideal = 46.58 W
100.00
𝛷𝛷𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗 = 𝛷𝛷𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 − 𝛷𝛷𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
80.00 60.00
𝛷𝛷𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗 𝜓𝜓 = 𝑙𝑙𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗 ∗ 𝛥𝛥𝑇𝑇
40.00 20.00 0.00
Thermal Bridges:
CASE A
CASE B UNIT 1
CASE B UNIT 2
aluminium contact block
Heat Flows 𝑙𝑙𝑝𝑝 𝑆𝑆𝑝𝑝
𝑙𝑙𝑝𝑝 𝑆𝑆𝑝𝑝 = 𝑈𝑈𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡.𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐.𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 ∗ 𝛥𝛥𝑇𝑇 ∗ 𝐴𝐴𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡.𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐.𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝
𝑈𝑈𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡.𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐.𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 + 𝜓𝜓 𝑈𝑈composite 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 =contact block 𝛷𝛷𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
𝑈𝑈𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 = 𝑈𝑈𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡.𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐.𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 + 𝜓𝜓
𝛷𝛷𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 𝑈𝑈𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡.𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐.𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 ∗ 𝛥𝛥𝑇𝑇 ∗ 𝐴𝐴𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡.𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐.𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝛷𝛷𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗 = 𝛷𝛷𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 − 𝛷𝛷𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝛷𝛷𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗 = 𝛷𝛷𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 − 𝛷𝛷𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
[aluminium contact block: ψ= 1.04W/mCo composite contact block: ψ = 0.62W/mCo composite reduces 𝛷𝛷 thermal bridges 40.38%.] 𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗
𝜓𝜓 = 𝑙𝑙𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗 ∗ 𝛥𝛥𝑇𝑇 NIKI NIKOLAOU ARCHITECT ENGINEER
𝜓𝜓 =
𝛷𝛷𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗 𝑙𝑙𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗 ∗ 𝛥𝛥𝑇𝑇
[37]
[parametric associative design]
TOPOLOGY A
800 PANELS
TOPOLOGY C
B.1
1800 PANELS
TOPOLOGY B
GAUSSIAN CURVATURE ANALYSIS FOR EACH PLATE
1300 PANELS
FORM FINDING SIMULATION [PARTICLE SPRING METHOD] CONSTRUCTION OF QUADRILATERAL TOPOLOGY
[38]
RESULTS EVALUATION AND INPUTS FOR FURTHER FEM ANALYSIS
[structural performance: influence of micro-scale on macro-scale] PRINCIPAL STRESS S1 ON TOP SURFACE UNDER SELF-WEIGHT MODEL C1 (DIRECT CONNECTIONS) MODEL C1 (INDIRECT CONNECTIONS)
simulation considers detail properties DIRECT CONNECTIONS MODEL C1
INDIRECT CONNECTIONS MODEL C1
Uniform distribution is more preferable when designing with brittle materials such as glass because the variations and concentrations can initiate small cracks on glass surfaces and then by fast propagation can result to sudden failure.
stress concentrations in the plates
uniform distribution of stresses
PRINCIPAL STRESSES FOR MODEL WITH DIRECT CONNECTIONS
S1
MAXIMUM STRESSES (N/mm2)
{-7.25E-04, 1.21}
{-6.02E-04, 2.17}
{-1.15, 0.91}
{-1.38, 1.01}
S3
{-2.35, 1.45E-03}
{-2.35, 1.45E-03}
PRINCIPAL STRESSES FOR MODEL WITH INDIRECT CONNECTIONS TOP SURFACE
BOTTOM SURFACE
S1
{-1.85, 33.61}
{-9.08E-03, 26.35}
S2
{-9.08, 4.94}
{-10.52, 4.48}
S3
{-56.00, 5.20E-03}
{-51.31, 0.02
RANGE OF STRESSES (N/mm2)
NIKI NIKOLAOU ARCHITECT ENGINEER
TOP SURFACE
MAXIMUM STRESSES (N/mm2)
S2
PRINCIPAL STRESSES
PRINCIPAL STRESSES DIAGRAMS UNDER SELF-WEIGHT
BOTTOM SURFACE
RANGE OF STRESSES (N/mm2)
S2
S3
S1
BOTTOM SURFACE S2
S3
MODEL C1 (INDIRECT MODEL C1 (DIRECT CONNECTIONS) CONNECTIONS)
PRINCIPAL STRESSES
TOP SURFACE
[39]
[comparison between existing structure’s construction process with the presented system]
EXISTING STRUCTURE
SIZE OF CONNECTION DETAIL
CONSTRUCTION COMPONENTS
glass plates joints between structural and cladding components structural node diagrid steel bars (6 per node) welded on site
plates: load bearing components
linear joints: mechanically fixed on site
8.00
90.29
24.00 41.08
B.1
PRESENTED SYSTEM
LESS USE OF STEEL COMPONENTS | LESS COMPONENTS | FASTER CONSTRUCTION TIME | LESS VISUAL DISRUPTION BY THE CONNECTIONS
[40]
[generic applications of the system: suspended free-form building envelope]
[roof connection detail]
[design strategies summary] discrete free-form shell
stable form
(form-finding process)
+
+
joining method
indirect connection (connection detail)
ensure safe use of brittle glass
+
uniform stress distribution
+ hybrid transparent composite
sufficient boundary conditions
NIKI NIKOLAOU ARCHITECT ENGINEER
[41]
|
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
|
TYPE OF WORK:
MASTER OF SCIENCE DESIGN STUDIO, TU-DELFT University of Technology, The Netherlands TERM:
SPRING 2013-2014 TOPIC: RESEARCH STATION/HOSPITAL FOR EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS [ANTARCTICA] INSTRUCTORS:
JOS LAFEBER JOB SCHROĂ‹N PARTICIPANTS:
NIKI NIKOLAOU [INDIVIDUAL WORK]
B.2 ANTARCTIC RESEARCH HOSPITAL ACADEMIC WORK _ TU-DELFT UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
The aim of this project addresses the design of a building in an extreme environment such as Antarctica. Problems encountering this kind of environment meet the little daylight during winter, the difficulty of getting things to Antarctica and the difficulties in case of emergency. The present project introduces a hospital research station for the northern area of Antarctica (Coats Land). Additionally, in respect of an integral design, the station focuses on function, materialization, climate, daylight, construction, structure and technical solutions. The research hospital station can be described in respect of three main aspects, the function, the structure and energy. The function is divided in primary and secondary researches which are the human biology and physiology in combination with hospital services and meteorology respectively. These functions and the living spaces are split into three independent identical volumes. Secondly, the structure refers to a modular system which is split in three entities, a bridge like platform, the envelope and compact living units which host the functions described above. Thirdly, the station is primarily supplied by wind turbines and secondly by PV panels when there is sufficient sunlight. Each volume has its own central unit to avoid total black out in case of technical problems. The whole station can be recovered by fuel as a backup plan. Interestingly, the envelope design integrates in one system the climate control and a rigid shell substructure for distributing the wind loads. The substructure is consist of identical cross GFRP custom elements following the curvature of the tube. For finding the geometry of each element, grasshopper plug in was used (paneling and 3d-morhped on surface as diagrid). The elements designed in order to achieve thicker areas where the main joints are and thinner where the less important joints are. For more stiffness to the diagrid, the elements have their strong axis perpendicular to the surface’s plane so reducing bending moments and mainly develop axial forces.
[42]
D1
[construction details] 20oc
16oc
23oc
16oc
16oc
1. 2. D1 3. 4. D2 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
panel load bearing joint
insulation 100mm GFRP 3mm layere load bearing joint transparent polycarbonate panel GFRP pultruded IPE profile GFRP pultruded beam corrugated insulated floor panel wooden coating 40mm panel joint GFRP custom unit element GFRP support element
1 2
3
4
D2 5
6
7
8
9 10
11
NIKI NIKOLAOU ARCHITECT ENGINEER
[43]
|
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
|
TYPE OF WORK:
MASTER OF SCIENCE DESIGN STUDIO, TU-DELFT University of Technology, The Netherlands TERM:
AUTUMN 2013-2014 TOPIC: SHADING SYSTEMS DESIGN & FABRICATION
INSTRUCTORS:
MARCEL BILOW PARTICIPANTS:
NIKI NIKOLAOU ELIA GALIOUNA LEMONIA KARAGIANNI
B.3 RIBBON SHADING:
ACADEMIC WORK _ TU-DELFT UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
ACTING BEYOND THE STRICT BORDERS
The main concept of the shading system is a lightweight flexible ribbon, which can be rolled and unrolled into the strict window borders by the mechanical or manual rotation of a lever. The rotation of the lever extracts the ribbon, which causes unique-random shape formation and consequently a variable distribution of solar intensity is achieved. When the ribbon is fully unrolled covers the frame and prevents direct sunlight to penetrate the building. In a cloudy day or in the winter a clear empty frame that allows the light to enter the interior is necessary in order to take advantage of the natural daylight. Apart from the climate function the proposed panels give an identity to the building, which set an interactive environment/scene between viewers and occupants. The architectural composition of the ribbon shading in order to be applicable is described by panels, which enclose the ribbon into strict borders. The lightweight aluminium frames exhibiting the unique-random forms of the ribbon and they are attached on buildings creating either a primary skin or a second skin in terms of double faรงade. During this course, a prototype on 1:1 scale have been constructed within 6 working days.
[44]
[construction details]
A A
movable glass
movable glass
movable glass
A
B
B
B
B B
B
A A
B B A
section A-A
A
B
section A-A section A-A fig. 3.10
fig. 3.10
section B-B
NIKI NIKOLAOU ARCHITECT ENGINEER
A
16
section B-B
fig. 3.10
A
A| spring mechanism fig. 3.9| Perspective view of the unit with different width of ribview of the bon. A| spring mechanism fig. 3.9| Perspective unit with different width of ribB| frictionbon. mechanism fig. 3.10| 2d drawings of the unit, presenting a view, a top and B| friction mechanism fig. 3.10| bottom 2d drawings sectionof ofthe a typical ribfig. ashading 3.9| view of dithe A| spring mechanism unit, presenting view,Perspective a frame top andunit bon with unit with different width ribbottom section of a typical ribmensions of 3x3m. Also, theoftwo bon. bon shadingmechanisms, frame unit with thatdi-will analyse mensions offurther, 3x3m. Also, the two are illustrated. B| friction mechanism fig. 3.10| 2d drawings of the mechanisms, that will analyse unit, presenting a view, a top and further, are illustrated. bottom section of a typical rib100 400 frame unit with dibon shading mensions of 3x3m. Also, the two 800mm 200 100 400mechanisms, that will analyse further, are800mm illustrated. 200
section B-B
100
200
400 800mm
16
16
[45]
A
B.3
[46]
A
03
fig. 3.21
R I BBO N SH AD I NG| AC TI NG BE YO ND TH E STR I C T BO R D E RS| B
The trud the of th widt cm in side. poss
A
A
B
B
03
Whe the pane tach the a be d fixin
fig. 3 case
fig. 3 whe ing.I doub The open
fig. 3 a: gr b: lo The tion As re signe this signe rosio
NIKI NIKOLAOU ARCHITECT ENGINEER
fig. 3.21
fig. 3.22
RIBBON SHADING| AC T ING BEYOND THE ST RIC T BO R D E RS| BE YO ND BO R D E RS| BU C K Y LAB| AR 1 AE 0 1 5
[47]
|
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
|
TYPE OF WORK:
MASTER OF SCIENCE DESIGN STUDIO, TU-DELFT University of Technology, The Netherlands TERM:
WINTER 2013-2014 TOPIC: FACADE RENOVATION SITE LOCATION: MARITIME MUSEUM, ROTTERDAM, The Netherlands INSTRUCTORS:
VAN DER MEEL HUBERT PARTICIPANTS:
NIKI NIKOLAOU [INDIVIDUAL WORK]
B.4 BEYOND TRANSPARENCY
ACADEMIC WORK _ TU-DELFT UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
[48]
The structure of the glass made envelope which wraps the chosen fragment is supported from the existing load bearing structure of the building. Instead of inserting glass panes into the building fabric, the glass elements are suspended. In the current proposal the loads are been transferred through a network consists of compression elements (steel rods) and tension elements (steel cables) The primary structure of the net-like structural system is positioned aligned to the existing concrete beams (following the existing structural grid at every 10,20m horizontally), where they are supported to, forming a planar lattice. The south-east and south façades of the chosen fragment are designed based on the principles of Transparent Insulation Façade System in order to improve the climate performance of the Maritime Museum. The existing wall of both façades is replaced by the proposed hybrid wall consist of: a. concrete mass wall with high thermal capacity (lightweight structural concrete with an oven-dry density lower than 2,000 kg/m3 and thickness of 0.37m), b. water pipes for solar energy distribution which are coated with black paint to absorb heat, c. honeycomb transparent insulation material (thickness: 10cm) covered with d. tempered float glass with low iron content. Then, the façades are wrapped with a second transparent skin in order to take advantage of the “green house” effect for heating up the thermal mass more efficiently. There is a distance of 1,30m between the hybrid wall and the second skin. This air cavity in between, functions as a ventilation on or cooling barrier by adjusting openings for heat extraction and natural ventilation to the interior. Since the protection against overheating during summer is obligatory for TI materials, a sun shading system is also added in between the two skins. The sun shading system is a roller blind is made from ETFE material with high reflection of solar radiation.
[climate function]
i. Summer 21 June - between 12:00-13:00 Sun angle: 65o
ii. Winter 21 January - between 12:00-13:00 Sun angle: 23o
c.
a.
b.
a.
a. extruded air-traps from outside plaza b. a composite floor deck combined with concrete core activation c. time delay between solar radiation being absorbed and the thermal energy reaching the inside surface of the wall.
1 2 3 4 5
6
Detail of the Hybrid Wall System 1. IPE aluminium profile 2. tempered float glass-low iron 3. Transparent Insulation Material 4. water tube 5. double glazing 5. insulation 50mm 6. shading device (rollers) 7. reinforcement concrete
7
NIKI NIKOLAOU ARCHITECT ENGINEER
[49]
|
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
|
TYPE OF WORK:
DIPLOMA GRADUATION THESIS DIPLOMA OF ARCHITECT ENGINEER UNIVERSITY OF CYPRUS, NICOSIA, CYPRUS GRADUATION DATE:
06/2012 TOPIC: RESPONSIVE KINETIC ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS: “ADD-ACTIVE SURFACE” CASE STUDY:
KINETIC FORM-ACTIVE SYSTEM SUPERVISORS:
Dr. MARIOS C.PHOCAS Dr. ODYSSEAS KONTOVOURKIS Dr. PARIS PHOKAIDES
In architecture and specifically in the design of structures, natural systems are
C.1 [ADD] ACTIVE SURFACE ACADEMIC WORK _ UNIVERSITY OF CYPRUS
of particular interest as far as their principle characteristic is concerned, that of a multi-layered, finely tuned and differentiated combination of their components, leading to an optimization and autonomous adaptability with regard to varying external conditions. The implementation of such principles in the development of adaptable lightweight structures takes place on the basis of tensegrity of member structures, or elastic bending of the material members’ sections. In the present thesis the design approach of a kinetic hybrid structure for a building membranes’ envelope is presented. The primary structure is composed of scissor compression and bending-active members interconnected in series through continuous tension-only members with closed circuit. The transformability of the system case example is presented in an initial configuration and five transformation states that correspond to respective transformation states of the membranes’ envelope. Following the structures composition and its configurations design, the system’s horizontal load-bearing behaviour is evaluated throughout its transformation pathway. A discussion on the motion planning of the structure builds on issues of inherent material and structural deformability properties, as well as minimization of external energy consumption for obtaining different operational configuration states are explained in a published paper (Phocas,M.C., Kontovourkis, O., Nikolaou, N., Design Approaches of Kinetic Form-Active Hybrid Systems. International Journal of Design and Nature and Ecodynamics, WIT Press, Southampton. Vol. 9, No. 1, pp.13-30, March 2014).
The research focuses on the relationship between the human and the environment through interactive architectural elements. It explores in architectural terms, in detail the relationship between inside and outside, and proposes the
[50]
development of a kinetic envelope system. The envelope is defined as an architectural technological filter, which through an artificial intelligence produces complex organic relationships between the environment and its user. The state of art review in the field of “responsive” architecture, as well as the critical analysis of some examples had as a target to frame the approach of the design that addresses the effort to develop a light-weight elastic transformable structure. The ultimate aim of the design study is to propose an architectural technological filter that regulates the comfort of indoor environment in relation to the thermally changing external environment, while consolidating and / or separating each of the filter’s sides. The light control is achieved through the folding of the two types of membranes that differ in their degree of transparency. The regulation of air is achieved through openings that transform the envelope into a porous surface. In addition to its contribution to energy efficiency this architectural technological filter, transforms the transparency relationship between inside and outside, when the surfaces fold to adjust to certain conditions. Generally, the architectural technological filter in the form of an envelope, is defined as the entity that tries to manage both sides that are related to the external natural flows and the use of space, by the human factor. For the transition to design and manufacturing system implementation, the theoretical and qualitative analysis is decoded into a logical process that transforms data into input and output information setting the envelope variable each time. This kind of decoding makes it possible to analyse the behaviour of the system through parametric and simple digital simulation programs. The results derived from this process guided the design process and scenarios of interaction. The system is constructed from planar flexible units, which are placed into a vertical chain arrangement. Each unit consists of pairs of compression members, the tensile element acting like a tendon and a third elastic element that bends under the influence of the tendon (tension member / cable), whose section is mechanically connected in its weak axis on the main perpendicular direction of the unit’s plane. Basically every unit forms a closed loop of four controlled joints (4-bar mechanism). The activation of the system is developed through the reduction of the cable’s length, which causes bending deformation to the bending member, which in turn moves the compression members responsible for the unfolding of the surfaces with higher transparency. For the reverse movement (folding inward) the system is activated via tensile elongation of the primary component, supported by the corresponding mechanical energy accumulated in the main bending members. The vertical chain arrangement of the units produce a surface system with the addition of horizontal tension elements (cables) that unite the vertical bodies. The entire system takes the form of a network, whose stability is generally based on the pre-stressing of the tension elements and the peripheral supports.
NIKI NIKOLAOU ARCHITECT ENGINEER
[51]
[add] active surface
[system kinetic behavior]
[parametric associative design]
parametric activation of the system
secondary cables
add physical properties to the geometry of the system
START information from outside environment
use of space information
outside environmental conditions as information
[3]
use of space information
fixed anchor points (system’s basic supports)
primary vertical cables
or
sensors
sensors
input
actuators
computational control system
input
C.1
actuators output
computational control system
[Niki Nicolaou _ May 2012]
[06]
mechanical cable
elasticity
physical
feedback
output kinetic structure:
feedback/
current state of structure
cable tension
tension
lock/unlock magnetic
current state of structure
joints
lock/unlock joints
compression members
elasticity (active bending members)
bending members
interface between inside and outside conditions
output
kinetic structure: next state END
alternative fixed anchor points [1]
[2]
[click: watch animation] [perpheral fixed supports][1]
[52]
mechanically magnetic physically output
[up,down and intermediate fixed supports][2]
[up and down fixed supports] [3]
.00
0
.00
.0
-2
.0 0
[stage 5]
-2
.00
.00 -2
.00 -2
-2
.00
-2
0
-2
.0 0
[stage 3]
-2
.0 -2
-2
A typical geometry was assigned for the ideal structural model as described in the previous section. The structural system consists of the edge primary structures of 4.64m length, a middle primary structure of the same length and two primary structures of 3.48m length positioned in-between at relative horizontal axial distances of 2.0m. In all cases examined, e.g. in the initial configuration and five transformation states, the edge primary structures were considered of constant geometry, corresponding to the geometrical characteristics of transformation state 2, with additional compression members of high stiffness to ensure constant relative inclinations of the scissor compression members. A preliminary horizontal system’s behaviour has been obtained following static non-linear analysis to represent the behaviour of tension-only bracing modelled as frame objects with zero compression limits. No pre-stress has been assigned to the tension-only members for the load case investigated, in order to account for the actual kinematics of the system. The maximum absolute values of the internal axial forces, N, and bending moments, M3-3, as well as the maximum joints’ displacements, U1-1 and U3-3, in the initial configuration and the five transformation states of the system under horizontal loading, are included in the table below.
.00 -2
|
.00 -2
STRUCTURAL PERFORMANCE
[stage 5]
|
Figure 8: Static system with horizontal loading in a transformation state; F΄= 0.58 kN, F= 1.16 kN. Table 2: Maximum absolute response values under horizontal loading.
Bending members Compression members Primary cables Secondary cables Support members
Response value [kN, kNm, cm] N M3-3 N N N N U1-1 U3-3
[Niki Nicolaou _ May 2012]
System joints
0 9.24 0.03 10.49 1.05 17.20 1.54 0.53 0.13
[04]
Structural member
1 8.02 0.26 3.97 8.18 5.50 4.93 4.08 1.21
State 2 3 8.12 8.37 0.32 0.33 3.98 3.94 8.29 8.55 4.65 3.38 4.90 5.03 4.56 5.21 1.45 1.40
4 7.97 0.28 3.83 8.13 1.58 4.93 5.09 1.50
5 8.08 0.37 3.93 8.23 3.96 5.00 4.86 1.84
]
A direct comparison of the maximum response values in all geometrical cases provides [53] an
NIKI NIKOLAOU ARCHITECT ENGINEER [Niki Nicolaou _ May 2012]
“It would seem that after a century’s preoccupation with the physiology of buildings, we are beginning to become involved with their metabolism and are even starting to develop a central nervous system.” [Sean Wellesley-Miller, “Soft Architecture Machines”]
C.1
[54]
[unit transformation]
initial configuration state state 00
target configuration state state 01
state 02
state 03
state 04
initial configuration state state 00
state 05
target configuration state state 01
NIKI NIKOLAOU ARCHITECT ENGINEER
state 02
state 03
state 04
state 05
[55]
|
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
|
TYPE OF WORK:
BARCHELOR OF SCIENCE 3rd YEAR MAIN DESIGN STUDIO UNIVERSITY OF CYPRUS, NICOSIA, CYPRUS TERM:
SPRING 2009-2010 TOPIC: TEMPORARY RESEARCH CENTER FOR SUSTAINABILITY CASE STUDY:
RESEARCH CENTER FOR ADVANCED MOBILITY TECHNOLOGIES INSTRUCTORS:
Dr. MARIOS C.PHOCAS Dr. EMILIOS MICHAEL PARTICIPANTS:
NIKI NIKOLAOU, GEORGE TRYFONOS, ELENA PILAVAKI
C.2 WIND TUNNEL
ACADEMIC WORK _ UNIVERSITY OF CYPRUS
Wind tunnel can be a remarkable respond to the crucial issue of using renewable energy sources in architectural design. The ultimate goal is to utilise the wind in order to supply the building with energy needed for building’s functions. A tube was developed within a tunnel to capture the wind. A respective review on the Venturi effect and physical properties of wind led to a specific geometry of the tube: a symmetrical tubular shape which narrows in the middle to maximize the wind velocity. The building’s structural system is consists of parallel GFRP planes placed in transverse direction of tunnel. Each plane supports the prefabricated parts of tube which provide a significant contribution to the minimization of the intensive bending moments. The planes are interconnected with tubular steel profiles along the longitudinal direction of tunnel. As a result, the diaphragm is ensured with stiffness properties at the entire structure level. The space splits in two categories of program. The public functions which are mostly used by visitors, such as the exhibition, entertainment and educational areas, are based on new digital interactive technologies and they are located along to the tunnel’s corridor. The other functions, including private and public, such as research centers, green spaces and multifunctional spaces as well as a cafeteria and some rest rooms, are placed into prefabricated unit capsules. Overall, the spatial configuration creates organic interactive relationships between visitors and researchers. From an overall perspective, the design of the wind tunnel focuses on assemblage method using prefabricated units as well as construction method by which less material is used. Additionally, the proposed structure has the flexibility of adding or removing capsules at any time and also it is capable to be sited at similar environments.
[56]
NIKI NIKOLAOU ARCHITECT ENGINEER
[57]
[facade vertical section]
[concept of building]
1. screw 2. clamping rail 3. ETFE film membrane: 15% transparency, one layer 4. steel circular hollow section,d=150mm 5. steel t-section 80x80 mm 6. steel plate 20mm 7. primary GFRP structural element
01|GFRP tube/wind tunnel with energy production capacity of 450 KWp| 02|GFRP planes| 03|open-air corridor/ public space| 04|functional spaces/ capsules| 05|building envelope integration- UV resistant membranes|
[click: watch animation]
01 1
2
02
4
C.2
03
04
3 5
[horizontal section of the primary structural system]
05
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4
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[ section through primary structural member and capsule]
steel plate primary structural element GFRP capsule
embedded metal cast node steel circular hollow section d=30mm
NIKI NIKOLAOU ARCHITECT ENGINEER
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PROJECT DESCRIPTION
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TYPE OF WORK:
BARCHELOR OF SCIENCE 4th YEAR MAIN DESIGN STUDIO UNIVERSITY OF CYPRUS, NICOSIA, CYPRUS TERM:
SPRING 2010-2011 TOPIC: URBAN RESERVE CASE STUDY:
PUBLIC HIGH-RISE BUILDING IN NICOSIA, CYPRUS INSTRUCTORS:
Dr. SOPHIA VYZOVITI SOTIRIA ALEXIADOU PARTICIPANTS:
NIKI NIKOLAOU, GEORGE TRYFONOS, ELENA PILAVAKI
The course’s aim was the development of a multifunctional public building capable of hosting collective activities. Considering an unstable system of functions and users, the building program and form should be able of being variable at any time.
C.3 VERTICAL ARCADE
ACADEMIC WORK _ UNIVERSITY OF CYPRUS
The methodology of the course was split into three phases: 1. Site analysis focuses on the collective activities that taking place at public spaces. (individual work) 2. Graphical and physical representations of collective activities which were transformed later into pre-tectonic concepts. (individual work) 3. Final concept of urban reserve. (group work) During the first and second phase each person of the group studied the activities of a certain group at a specific public space. Elena Pilavaki focused on a group which practices Parkour at the old city of Nicosia, George Tryfonos studied the behavior of children in the Mall of Cyprus and I studied the metric and topological properties of sitting spaces at Phaneromeni Square (old city of Nicosia) associated with certain users. Turning on the third phase, the information of Parkour produce a system of territories sequence, which embedded to the building to provide the movement distribution into ‘Vertical Arcade’. All planned uses were organized both vertically and horizontally, while the entire building creates a field of collective activities where the public and the private, the planned and unplanned are interwoven. Additionally to the morphogenetic process of the urban reserve, a responsive skin is integrated to the building in order to ensure a sustainable performance.
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[3rd phase: typological and morphogenetic process of urban reservoir]
[system of move-distribution]
01
02
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04
01: volume of program: formal uses 02: volume of move distribution and informal uses 03: vertical arcade envelope: secondary system which acts as a filter between the external urban field and the urban reservoir 04: the interlaced form
[3rd phase: indoor and outdoor public spaces of urban reservoir]
C.3
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[The program is organized vertically in a volume which is conceptually eroded from another volume that involves the movement and all the informal uses. This produces an intermediate public space that hosts the programmatic instability of urban reservoir.]
[street perspective view of urban reservoir]
NIKI NIKOLAOU ARCHITECT ENGINEER
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