NICOLE GARCIA VOGT BACHELOR THESIS
“URBAN HOMEOPATHY” Regeneration processes of the urban network through empty space Sector Petare Norte - La Urbina By Beatriz A. Gamero Rodríguez & Nicole García Vogt APRIL 2017
Note: This is a summary of the original text. The original version is written in Spanish and is 170 pages long.
CONTENT Introduction......................................................................................... 4
About “Urban Homeopathy”.........................................................4
The multiple realities of Caracas: Fragments, Fractals and Limits.................................................................................................................................6 Project Framework............................................................................8 Analysis of Sector Petare Norte and La Urbina.............................8 Homeopathic Systems: Accessibility / Sustainability / Regeneration.......................................................................................................................................10 Process of Homologation and Hybridization......................................36 Stage 1: Comercial Axis 5 de Julio Stage 2: Environmental Corridors Stage 3: Hills Stage 4: Macro Manzanas Stage 5: Avenues Stage 6: Manzanas and Exceptional Places Stage 7:Paths Stage 8: Condominiums To our uneasy, chaotic, noisy, tireless, sometimes hostile and inaccessible, but other times kind, cozy and comforting city. Your multicolored patches and stains play with our feelings, hide your true face, and turn you superficial. The natural beauty of the Cerro Ávila poses silently next to your streets, corners and plazas, those that saw us grow up, laugh and dream but in other occasions fall, cry and sometimes give up. You built up our characters, to recognize your beauty, that lead us to dream of transforming you into a better place. You are the cause of all our problems, but the reason and impulse of all our goals. Thanks to you we have a place we can call home...
Conclusions........................................................................................63 References.........................................................................................64
“URBAN HOMEOPATHY” In medicine, homeopathy consists of a system that treats the disease through the use of small amounts of substances (catalysts), which in large quantities would produce the symptoms of the disease in a healthy person. It is also governed by the law of similarity, created by the precursor of homeopathy Samuel Hahnemann, which dictates that similar cures the similar. It must be understood that part of this premise is to relieve the urban body, and subsequently its society from dependency. To translate these notions into urban terms one must first understand that these problems affect both cities, both the formal city and the informal city in equitable terms. “Urban homeopathy” is a regeneration strategy that resorts only to the immanent elements of the urban fabric, formalizing and adapting dynamics and previously informal flows. The aforementioned limitations that originated a dependent citizen include problems and deficiencies, which in turn can be classified in the following subjects: mobility, economy, security, organization, among others. These themes can be attributed to the following three strategies: rehabilitation, sustainability, accessibility. These strategies are applied on an empty space (specifically the public and private), converting it into the place of action. This way a spatial physical system is built, that promotes a second system of actions and presumed solutions; functioning as a great fabric of actions and reactions.
PAGE
4
PAGE
5
The multiple realities of Caracas: Fragments, Fractals and Limits The current urban composition of Caracas is a result of the agglomeration of isolated urban settlements, a repetition of two realities that attenuated its division in unrelated fragments and finally transformed it into a fractal city. When we see the city as a dynamic system in continuous and infinite movement, we recognize patterns that are geometrically incongruous and generate fractures, so that it is never perceived as an entity. The two constant structures resulting of these fragments (catalogued as formal and informal city), despite their multiple differences, share similar problems and virtues that originated because of their disarticulation and lack of accessibility. This phenomenon can be recognized at different scales, when the detachment between parts of the same totality is also reflected on the behavior of the society that occupies those spaces.
Caracas : Fragmentation
Caracas : Fractals
PAGE Caracas 6 : Limits
Caracas : Empty Space
PAGE
7
Sector Petare Norte - La Urbina It is possible that La Urbina and Petare Norte are read as two irrevocably segregated and different fragments of city. But being part of a larger system (Caracas) is important to visualize that only focusing on solutions to a single “type of city� tends to fail, because each will evolve as a system in parallel and this will accentuate its condition of Isolated fragment in the city.Understanding that the formal and informal city have virtues and deficiencies, one seeks the homologation of both realities, and how one model complements the other to the extent that they benefit each other.
PAGE
8
PAGE
9
Interaction of society
Analysis of Sector Petare Norte and La Urbina -related to accesibility system Like many sections of the city, when the town of Petare was founded, coffee, cacao, maize and sugarcane plantations proliferated around it, and it was not until the 1950s and with the chances of progress that an abrupt process of growth in the city began, which obligeted a replacement in the uses of the agricultural soils to give way to the new urbanizations of the zone. Parallel to this the constructions of slums began, a product of the exodus of many people from the interior of the country to the capital and the great migration that occurred in Venezuela from the 50s (Joffre, 2012). In spite of its simultaneous growth even the typology of housing is very different. These contrasts are also evident in marked limits that have divided the sectors. This lack of opportunity of interaction has resulted in one of the most well-known consequences of the area: violence. PAGE
10
Public and private space interaction
Analysis of the current Accessibility System
Borders
Violence
Urban space
Sector La Urbina- Petare - El Marques - Terrazas de Ă vila
Vehicular flows
Pedestrian flows
PAGE
11
VEGETABLE SPECIES ORCHID SPECIES ENDEMIC SPECIES
Analysis of Sector Petare Norte and La Urbina
-related to sustainable system
We can talk about various aspects of environmental, economic and social potential as a remarkable scenic beauty both by the presence and proximity of the Avila mountain, and the incredible morphology of the terrain. The topographic wealth that circumscribes the urbanization La Urbina, is also a scenario where the management of living in slope in different forms is observed. As a result of the morphological fortune of this micro valley, a variety of water bodies are evident, where the Guaire River and the Quebrada Caurimare stand out. However, its potential environmental contribution is affected by its mismanagement, causing serious accidents such as flooding of the lower areas and the collapse of structures in geologically unsuitable land for construction. The dichotomy between the two cities, formal and informal, is reflected in the analysis of uses. La Urbina is characterized by the division of uses by sectors (zoning), which has generated soulless areas, empty for the city, and some denominated, non- places (Auge, 1996). It seems that multifunctionality, which even condenses in one unity, is more suiting for the demands of society, nevertheless alluded by their poor distribution, inaccessibility, organization, and culminate absorbed by great pieces such as supermarkets and malls (FUNDACOMĂšN, 2001). PAGE
12
BIRD SPECIES BUTTERFLY SPECIES MAMMAL SPECIES
Analysis of the current Sustainable System
Activities
Use
Sector La Urbina- Petare - El Marques - Terrazas de Ă vila
Structures in risk
Hydrography
Vegetation
PAGE
13
Situation PETARE NORTE – LA URBINA
Situation GUAIRE RIVER
Situation CAURIMARE Creek
Analysis of Sector Petare Norte and La Urbina -related to rehabilitation system
In spite of the abundance of bodies of water, the area is lacking water service, and this is due, not only to poor maintenance, but also to the disorganization and availability of pipes (IMAS, s / f). Thelimited presence of other services, such as electricity, is linked to issues such as lighting and security, where poor management of light and shade are essential for daytime and nighttime comfort. Opportunities provided by the tropical climate, from the rains to the illumination and the winds are wasted. It is also observed that the organization of services such as waste collection is designed only for the vehicle, discriminating again the pedestrian capacity, causing the agglomeration of waste in places of inaccessible recollection, which ultimately contribute to water pollution, environmental and health problems (FUNDACOMÚN, 2001).
PAGE
14
Situation ÁVILA - EL MARQUES
Situation NORTH PETARE – SOUTH PETARE
Analysis of the current Rehabilitation System:
Accumulation and Contamination of waste
Waste routes
Sector La Urbina- Petare - El Marques - Terrazas de Ă vila
Natural Light and Shadows
Artificial Light / Electricity
Rain water flow
PAGE
15
About empty space as a potential It is almost imperative to talk about urban spaces as a consequence of the potetial of empty spaces, but also as an origin (Bencomo, 20011). In the spontaneous city (like the traditional city) one catches a glimpse of this conception, because however reduced; empty space represents those places associated with greater human interaction. Each programmatic use around empty space feeds it and avoids that this place becomes a useless remnant of the city. When this concept is translated to the planned city (traditionally the modern city) it is possible to notice its transfiguration to an inadequate shape that doesn’t speak of intrinsic dynamics of the place: a “formal” tissue with and fragmented social dynamic, lacking public space where the empty space is presented as a place of nobody and disarticulates the city. The growth of contemporary Caracas lead to what nowadays is called an polycentric city, so to say, a city with multiple centers (attracting places) and empty spaces that don’t manage to articulate them functionally- and efficiently (non-place). Empty space understood as a non-place, has been transformed into residual space (Auge,1996) where we identify several types of empty spaces, distinguishing physical and special empty space between public and private. Nevertheless there is also an physical- spatial empty space not starting from what’s occupied on the ground floor, but empty space related to the density of the population, where one discovers a valley with low population indexes compared to the occupied mountains. PAGE
16
Public empty space
Private empty space
Public empty space can be comprehended as the one that has no explicit ownership and to which by write every user of the city could access, that is to say the exterior space of the confines owned by a community.
Private empty space is pointed out as an interior space of the confines owed by several individuals of a community and to which only users belonging to it can access.
PAGE
17
PAGE
18
Accesibility > Movement + Urban Space System Hibridization of current and proposed systems The operations described stimulate universal accessibility; that is to say, they keep order, function, orient and facilitate public and private flows of citizens(vehicular, motorized, pedestrian or mechanical). In general terms, public and private empty spaces are used to accommodate both mobility issues and the urban space associated with it. Therefore a system of vehicular flows was established that takes into account the availability of parking lots (and their respective entrances and exits), main and secondary streets of minimum 13 m wide, public transport stops every 150 m (public intramunicipal transport) With a clear nomenclature, a direct connection of public intermunicipal transport and new vehicular connections respecting the geometry of the existing urban fabric. As for the semi-pedestrian flow system, the installation of mechanical urban devices (elevators and escalators) and non-mechanical (ramps), which allow the passage to all citizens to new spaces without restrictions of age or capacities;and the projection of a bicycle path where you can pass with motobikes and bike, rental stations and bicycle station. The prioritization of the pedestrian is stimulated with a system of pedestrian flows that examines the installation of sidewalks of at least 1,5m- 3 meters wide accompanied by vegetation (arborization) and spaces of rest and recreation, pedestrian crossings every 150 meters, traffic slowers, homogeneous pavement of porous materials that do not inhibit the passage or flow. And creating passages through stairs, ramps, paths, micro plazas, fountains and parks. Therefore, a classification of the mobility components in main and secondary vehicular streets, avenues, boulevards, sidewalks, passages and corridors is achieved, which ends up establishing the following accessibility network. PAGE
19
CURRENT MOVEMENT SYSTEM SITUATION
Vehicular Flows- Public and Private
PAGE
20
Pedestrian Flows- Stairs and Paths
PROPOSED MOVEMENT SYSTEM
Vehicular Flows- Public and Private
Pedestrian Flows- Stairs, Paths and Bicycle Route
PAGE
21
CURRENT URBAN SPACE SiTUATION
Public Space
PAGE
22
Non- Places
PROPOSED URBAN SPACE SYSTEM
Public Space
Common Space
PAGE
23
PAGE
24
Sustainability> Economic + Ambiental System Hibridization of current and proposed systems This network refers to issues of green spaces, environmental corridors, collaborative economies, uses, equipment and activities. Above all, it is committed to a more flexible economic model, where possibilities, new jobs, links and information are offered through the digital environment: collaborative economies. This is not only manifested in a virtual way, spaces that manage these collaborative economies related to transport, education, services, culture, commerce, residence, tourism and sporting events are contemplated. These networks of collaborative economies could follow the models of companies like Airbnb or Uber, where the user requests a service and connects with another that offers it. These networks foster the opportunity to cross experiences, experiences and information capable of generating links, enhancing the sense of belonging, cultural exchange and the feeling of beloning to a neighborhood. On the other hand this model is strengthened with the creation of programmatic axes related to equipment, shops and other buildings of public use always taking into consideration the preexisting or successful activities on the fabrics. The network of sustainability also refers to the entire network of spaces capable of regenerating a balance between environment and inhabitant. A network of improvement and rehabilitation of green spaces is established which seeks to activate great areas such as the Caurimare creek or Francisco Fajardo highway, as well as small undeveloped green spaces, so that they begin to take part of the collective memory and generate a sense of belonging. Spaces which are at geotechnical risk are given a recreational / productive character, which generate a network of micro-agriculture associated with the collaborative economies mentioned earlier. PAGE
25
CURRENT ECONOMIC SiTUATION
Equipment
PAGE
26
Uses
PROPOSED ECONOMIC SYSTEM
Collaborative Economies Equipment
PAGE
27
CURRENT ENVIROMENTAL SiTUATION
Vegetation and Topography - Geologic Risk
PAGE
28
Hydrography
PROPOSED ENVIROMENTAL SYSTEM
Vegetation
Water elements- Swiming pools, fountains, water mirrors
PAGE
29
PAGE
30
Rehabilitation > Services + Waste System Hibridization of current and proposed systems In the area of ​​infrastructures, existing potable water networks are strengthened as well as channelled and organized for their circulation through the stairs or paths. New branches are created, and new tanks installed to store the water from the northern supplier to help correct the lack of service. In the case of sewage and rainwater, not only does it seek to improve existing facilities by harnessing more branches, but also channeling them through ladders and paths, since they are currently circulating through natural drainage systems, which leads to health and risk problems. In the case of electricity and lighting lines different parameters are established depending on the importance of the space, having metropolitan electricity equipment (poles) to a more local type (lanterns attached to walls or furniture with lighting). Waste and its collection system is managed in a similar way, which works with garbage deposits per condominium where it is stored in an orderly, classified and accessible way to main roads for later collection and transfered to recycling centers. These are responsible for separating and treating the matter for later sale to industries. This system makes the current model efficient from an environmental and economic point of view by taking advantage of most of the material currently discarded.
PAGE
31
CURRENT INFRASTRUCTURAL SiTUATION
Water Pipelines (Potable/ Served/ Rain)
PAGE
32
Electricity
PROPOSED INFRASTRUCTURAL SYSTEM
Potable Water Pipelines
Rain Water and Residual Water
PAGE
33
CURRENT WASTE SiTUATION
Waste Routes
PAGE
34
Enviromental Contamination
PROPOSED WASTE SYSTEM
Waste Route
Recycle and Recollection Centers
PAGE
35
Sector Petare Norte - La Urbina Although urban homeopathy, as has been reiterated previously, is only a strategy that is part of the wide range of solutions to achieve the improvement of the city; it forms the infrastructure of operations acting as a process that activates a succession of operations that are happening in a certain order over time. This is why it was decided to start the proposal on the 5 de Julio bridge, a communication of great importance because it is currently the only direct transverse connection between Petare Norte and Urbina, and an area that becomes an opportunity to check the “urban homeopathy� startegy. The intervention in that point will derive as a detonator that will generate a chain reaction and will form new systems, consequently activating other systems in a gradual way.
PAGE
36
Strategic metropolitan plan Urban homeopathy can be understood as a process, regardless of how it is activated, acting in a bidirectional way between the public and the private empty space; Activating other components and triggering interventions of a greater nature (urban acupuncture and / or urban surgery); would create systems associated with it. As mentioned before, given the particularity in the existence of a connection in both fragments of city it was decided to carry out the intervention there; with which it is understood that it is not confined to territorial limits but begins to form part of influences not only local but of metropolitan reach.
PAGE
37
Pre-Existences Stage 1 :
Comercial axis 5 de julio
Section 1 Street 1-3 La Urbina
Floorplan- Verification points Section 2 Street 1-3 La Urbina
Section 1 Main Street 5 de Julio Petare Norte
Section 2 Main Street 5 de Julio Petare Norte PAGE
38
BEFORE- View of Main Street 5 de Julio
STAGE 1:
Comercial axis 5 de julio
Section 1 Street 1-3 La Urbina
Section 2 Street 1-3 La Urbina
Floorplan- Verification points
Section 1 Main Street. 5 de Julio Petare Norte
Section 2 Main Street 5 de Julio Petare Norte
AFTER- View of Main Street 5 de Julio PAGE
39
Pre-Existences Stage
2:
Enviromental corridors
Section Caurimare Creek La Urbina
Floorplan- Verification points
Section Bridge 5 de Julio Fransisco Fajardo Highway
Section Highway Fransisco Fajardo Highway PAGE
40
BEFORE- View of 5 de Julio Bridge
Stage
2:
Environmental corridors
Section Caurimare CreekReservoir La Urbina
Floorplan- Verification points
Section Bridge 5 de Julio Fransisco Fajardo Highway
Section destrian Bridge- Sport and Education axis Fransisco Fajardo Highway
AFTER- View of 5 de Julio Bridge
PAGE
41
Pre-Existences Stage
3:
Hills
Section 12 de Octubre Hill Petare Norte
Section Miguel Otero Silva Park La Urbina PAGE
42
Floorplan- Verification points
BEFORE- View of Miguel Otero Silva Park
Stage 3:
Hills
Section Vivarium Park- 12 de Octubre viewer Petare Norte
Floorplan- Verification points
Section Miguel Otero Silva Park- Vertical Gym La Urbina
AFTER- View of Miguel Otero Silva Park PAGE
43
Green Corridors Arborization Ppl. Pipeline Potable Water Ppl. Pipeline Sewage Manhole Ppl. Pipeline Rain Water Ppl. Illumination Ppl. Traffic Collector Secundary Traffic Collector Traffic light Crossing Boulevard Parking lot Bus stop Bicycle route Equipment that supports public space PAGE
44
Components that form a MACRO MANZANA
Grouping of approx. 28 buildings (11430 inhabitants) or 430 homes (approximately 7200 inhabitants)
Services Availability of main drinking water, sewage and rainwater drainage pipes. Tasks of electricity and lighting of main character.
Urban space Minimal paths of 1.5 to 3 meters wide, space of rest with vegetation linked to micro parks. Bycycle route circuit.
Enviroment Proximity to green corridors and / or ravines.
Economy 1 Sports equipment and 1 Educational equipment as a minimum.
Mobility Adjacent to public transport station with metropolitan impact.
PAGE
45
Pre-Existences Stage 5:
Avenues
In La Urbina the structure of the existing vehicular streets is maintained, however a differentiation between main and secondary streets is proposed. The main streets are characterized by wide vehicular routes, and in general terms they are accompanied by a commercial / productive edge encouraging the activity and the constant traffic on them. In spite of its virtues, the main streets could offer more variety of programs for the user. In the secondary streets the vehicular flow is not abundant, nevertheless it is counted on two ways in the same sense currently in said streets. In Barrio 5 de Julio, narrow and poorly planned ladders, roads and streets (blind spots, maximum curves, inadequate widths, blind streets, etc.) should only be used by pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists (since it is the most efficient means of transport in small spaces such as the slum or barrio).
Section Secundary Street 3A La Urbina
Section Main Avenue La Urbina La Urbina
BEFORE- View of Main Avenue La Urbina
Section Residual Empty Space Petare Norte Section Guaicaipuro Street Petare Norte
PAGE
46 BEFORE- View of Guaicaipuro Street
5:
Stage
Avenues
It is proposed to reduce dependence on the almost exclusive use of the vehicle in La Urbina, providing options such as the implementation of a bicycle route, conditioning of sidewalks to provide a ordered pedestrian flow; rest, recreation, contemplation places as micro squares; and urban furniture such as fountains, water mirrors, pavilions, public transport stops, among others. This diversification of flows can also be translated into Barrio 5 de Julio, where crosses are proposed consisting of stairs, paths and existing ways, formalized and completed by public stairs and proposed paths leading to the highest point of the hill.
Section Secundary Avenue 3A La Urbina
Section Main Avenue La Urbina La Urbina
AFTER- View of Main Avenue La Urbina
Section Avenue 1 - Sport Axis Petare Norte
Section Guaicaipuro Boulevard Petare Norte
PAGE
AFTER- View of Guaicaipuro Boulevard
47
Preexistencias FASE 6:
Espacios excepcionales
The organization in “Manzanas� or apples was developed from the conformation of the avenues. Although the physical division in apples already exists in the sector of La Urbina, the grouping of the houses that comprise it does not bring any benefit to them. However, this pre-existing organization can be used to benefit its users to manage issues not specified in the current block as waste, economic issues and public space. This same can be homologated to the Petare Norte sector, due to the formalization and determination of the mentioned transverse connections that cross the area to the top of the hill.
Aereial Diagram- Buen Vecino Park La Urbina
PAGE
48
Aerial Diagram- Residual Empty space Barrio 5 de Julio Petare Norte
BEFORE- View of Buen Vecino Park
BEFORE- View of Guaicaipuro Rooftop
FASE
6:
Espacios excepcionales
Exceptional spaces consisting of parks, squares, cultural, welfare or sports facilities are also proposed. Proposals are likely to be endowed with reference properties in terms of orientation and reinforcing the topic of nomenclature and categorization of public space. Floorplan- Verification points
View Buen Vecino School La Urbina
Aerial Diagram- Buen Vecino Park La Urbina
AFTER- View of Buen Vecino Park
View Recycling Center Guaicaipuro Petare Norte
Aerial Diagram- Guaicaipuro Park Petare Norte
AFTER- View of Guaicaipuro Park
PAGE
49
Green Corridor Arborization
Public space with vegetation Recycling Center Public Swimingpools & water works Ppl. Pipeline- Potable Water Water Tank Ppl. Pipeline - Sewage Manhole Ppl. Pipeline - Rain Water Ppl. Illumination Residential Illumination Ppl. Traffic Collector Secondary Traffic Collector Path Stairs Traffic light & Crossing Grandstand Boulevard and Parkinlot Bus stop
PAGE
Support equipment Public field/court Public halffield Bicycle Public Baseball Route & field Station
50
Components that form a MANZANA Grouping of approx.16 buildings (approx. 880 inhabitants) or 160 houses (approx. 2400 inhabitants.) Services Availability of 2 electricity lines (residential light), 1 drinking water supply, sewage drainage and drainage. Urban Space A square to a radius of 200 meters of distance..
Environment A recycling center within a radius of 200 meters away. Systematization of afforestation and vegetation on sidewalks that circumscribe it.
Economy A care center and a cultural / sports equipment within a radius of 300 meters away.
Mobility Access to a pedestrian path or corridor, 1 Pedestrian bridge, 3 public transport stops, and a vehicular or motorized street.
PAGE
51
Preexistences Stage
7:
Paths
To change the vehicular predisposition of La Urbina through the creation of two pedestrian axes that connect with the proposed pedestrian bridges. These two thematic axes (educational / sports and cultural / welfare) make the overflow of La Urbina into a tangible space, according to the human scale and the residential area; Character that owns by its organic nature and density the fabric of North Petare. In the case of North Petare, its density deserves North-South connections to ensure full accessibility to all dwellings Floorplan- Verification points
Section 1 Lateral withdrawal La Urbina
Section 2 Lateral withdrawal La Urbina
PAGE
52
Section Stair 5 de Julio Petare Norte
BEFORE- View of Lateral withdraw
BEFORE- View of Stairs in Barrio 5 de Julio
Stage 7:
Paths
The new pedestrian corridors in La Urbina ,have another scale then the passages and paths of the slum (barrio), nevertheless they seek to emulate their characteristics with the insertion of elements that generate shade, comfort and neighborhood like vegetation, urban furniture, playgrounds, water elements, pavement and textures. The new longitudinal passages of North Petare extend along the irregular terrain and slope are formalized through proposed and existing stairways and paths, and when classifying them as public should be provided with appropriate lighting, signage, services, among other elements.
Floorplan- Verification points
Section 1 Pederstian Path- Sport Axis La Urbina
Section Pedestrian Path 2 Petare Norte Section 2 Pedestrian Path- Cultural Axis La Urbina
AFTER- View of Pedestrian Passage
AFTER- View of Transversal Path 1
PAGE
53
Arborization
Public space with vegetation Recycling Center Public Swimingpools & water works Ppl. Pipeline- Potable Water Water Tank Ppl. Pipeline - Sewage Manhole Ppl. Pipeline - Rain Water Ppl./Residential Neighboring Illumination Ppl. Traffic Collector Secondary Traffic Collector Path Stairs Traffic light & Crossing Grandstand Boulevard and Parkinlot Bus stop Bicycle Route & Station Support equipment Public field/court Public halffield Public Baseball field Common Space Entrance/ Guard PAGE
54
Components that form a CONDOMINIUM Grouping of approx. 8 buildings (approx. 440 inhabitants) or 40 dwellings (approx. 1200 inhabitants.) Services Availability of 2 electricity lines (light of a neighborhood character), two common rainwater harvesting tanks, a pool or reservoir.
Urban Space Two guardhouses or a guarded building, a central space with community equipment..
Environment Two garbage dumps, two green roofs.
Economy Four common halls or workshops, a community / administrative center
Movilidad Access to a public or private parking lot at a maximum of 200 meters away and a pedestrian passage that distributes the resident to their respective home. Minimum two private entrances and exits.
PAGE
55
Pre-existences Stage
8:
Condominiums
Stage
8:
Condominiums Condominium Type 1 - Grouping around Center La Urbina
Common Passage
Approximate data:
8 buildings 176 vehicules 352 habitants
Common Parking lot
Common Space
Floor plan Situation Current Condominium grouped in a row La Urbina
PAGE
56
Condominium Type 2Grouping in a row La Urbina
Services and Public space
Floor plan Situation Current Condominium grouped around a cente La Urbina
BEFORE- View of Central space
Approximate data:
Common Passage
3 builings 66 vehicules 132 habitants
Common Parking lot
Common Space
Services and Public space
AFTER- View of Common Space
Pre-existences Stage
8:
Condominiums
Condominium Type 1 - Grouping around Center Petare Norte
Condominium Type 2Grouping in a row Petare Norte
Common Passage
Common Passage Approximate data:
Approximate data:
40 houses 100 vehicules 1000 habitants
Common Parking lot
Common Space
Floor plan Situation Current Condominium grouped around a center Petare Norte
Floor plan Situation Current Condominium grouped in a row Petare Norte
Services and Public space
BEFORE- View of Residual space
40 houses 10 vehicules 1000 habitants
Common Parking lot
Common Space
Services and Public space
AFTER- View of Common Space PAGE
57
New public space with comercial gallery Main Avenue La Urbina
Productive Roof
Productive Roof / Rain Water collector Rain Water collector
Public Transport Common space of condominium Common Space Caurimare Creek Axis 5 de Julio
Buen Vecino School Water sport center
Buen Vecino Park
CONDOMINIUM La Urbina 1-1B-1 Macromanzana 1 Manzana 1B Condominio 1
PAGE
58
-Borders North: Sport Axis South: Street 1-3 West: Street 4B East: Main Avenue La Urbina
Common space of condominium Productive Roof Productive Roof/ Rain Water Collector Productive Roof/ Rain Water Collector
Productive Roof/ Rain Water Collector
Productive Roof Public Transport New public space with commercial gallery Axis 5 de Julio
Street 2A
Street 3A
Public Space
CONDOMINIUM La Urbina 2-3A-1 Macromanzana 2 Manzana 2A Condominio 1 -Borders North: Street 1-3 South: Cultural Axis West: Street 2A East: Street 3A PAGE
59
Multiuse/ Guard Building
Rain Water collector
Rain Water collector Common space
Roof as common space
Productive Roof
Productive Roof Urban elevator
Boulevard
Micro park
Roof as common space Commercial Axis 5 de Julio
CONDOMINIUM 5 de Julio 224 Macromanzana 2 Manzana 2 Condominio 4
PAGE
60
-Borders North: Main Street 5 de Julio South: Boulevard Guaicaipuro West: Boulevard Guaicaipuro East: Path 1
Micro park Productive Roof Urban elevator
Multiuse/ Guard Building Rain Water collector
Transversal Path 1
Common space
Rain Water collector
Path 1 Productive Roof
CONDOMINIUM 5 de Julio 222 Macromanzana 2 Manzana 2 Condominio 2 -Borders North: Avenue 1 South: Avenue 2 West: Path 1 East: Path 2
PAGE
61
PAGE
62
Conclusions This work proposed a process of recycling of urban networks, where their integration is the consequence of homologation. An utopian vision of an ordering of the existing city space was presented; two opposite city models, that can be ordered equally. Regardless of its different urban form, it was aimed to match them in terms of mobility, urban space, economy, environment, services and health; understanding equality as the accessibility to the same rights. After the study of the theoretical and practical concepts presented in the work and its application on the tissues of La Urbina and Petare Norte, we corroborate that the exploration and development of a vision of the city as a system can lead to initial solutions and can create catalysts of low impact to immediate problems produced by the neglect of the empty space, without having to discard the values ​​of the existing.
PAGE
63
REFERENCES 2001.com.ve, R. (01 de Marzo de 2016). Cronograma de racionamiento de agua para Caracas (+Foto). Recuperado el 09 de Enero de 2017, de http://www.2001.com.ve/en-la-agenda/125230/ cronograma-de-racionamiento-de-agua-para-caracas---foto-. html Albornoz, M. (14 de Noviembre de 2009). Basta con 180 litros de agua al día. Recuperado el 09 de Enero de 2017, de http://www. consumid.org/detalle/8173/basta-con-180-litros-de-agua-al-dia Alcaldía de Sucre. (27 de Julio de 2014). Mejoramos sistema de bombeo de agua en embalse La Pereza. Recuperado el 09 de Enero de 2017, de http://alcaldiamunicipiosucre.gob. ve/2014/07/27/21357_mejoramos-sistema-de-bombeo-deagua-en-embalse-la-pereza/ Amaya, F. (2011). La sistematización de experiencias, una forma de apropiación por parte de las comunidades de los procesos de habilitación física de barrios: análisis del caso de San Blas petare sur, en Caracas. Caracas: Escuela de Arquitectura Carlos Raúl Villanueva (EACRV), Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, Universidad Central de Venezuela. Arqui5. (2005). Upgrading San Rafael Unido. Booklet, LafargeHolcim Foundation , Caracas. Auge, M. (1996). Los “no lugares”: espacios del anonimato : una antropología de la sobremodernidad. Barcelona: Gedisa. Bacon, E. (1974). Design of Cities. Penguin Books. Baldo Ayala, J., & Villanueva Brant, F. (1995). Un Plan Para Los Barrios de Caracas. Un Plan Para Los Barrios de Caracas. Sintesis del “Plan Sectorial de Incorporacion a la Estructura Urbana de las Zonas de los Barrios del Area Metropolitana de Caracas y de Region Capital (Sector Panamericana y Los Teques). Caracas: Ministerio del Desarrollo Urbano - Consejo Nacional de la Vivienda. PAGE
64
Bencomo, C. (2011). Las teorías del diseño urbano en la conceptualización del espacio urbano y sus dos categorias: espacio público y privado. Caracas: Instituto de Urbanismo. Benevolo, L. (1984). Historia de la Arquitectura Moderna. Barcelona: Gustavo Gili. Blanco, C., & Kobayashi, H. (s.f.). Urban Transformation in Slum District through Public Space Generation and Cable Transportation at Northeastern Area. The Journal of International Social Research, 2,8. Brand, P., & Dávila, J. (2011). Mobility innovation at the urban margins. Recuperado el 17 de 10 de 2016, de http://www.bartlett.ucl. ac.uk/dpu/metrocables/dissemination/abstracts/abstracts Caracas, M. d. (s/f). Cabletren Bolivariano de Petare. Recuperado el 28 de noviembre de 2016, de https://www.metrodecaracas.com. ve/?page_id=2568 Cardona, I. (2003). Caracas. Ciudad “Formal” vs. Ciudad “Alterna”. Reflexiones en Torno a la Formalización del “Sistema Intersticial” de la Ciudad. Caso de estudio: Sistemas de Quebradas “Chacaito”. Tesis de Maestría, Universidad Metropolitana, Departamento de Diseño Urbano, Caracas. Chueca Goitia, F. (1967). Breve historia del Urbanismo. Clarke, A., Bilss- Herrera, A., & Meyers, P. (2013). Medellin, Colombia: A Case of STudy of Healthy Cities. Recuperado el 17 de 10 de 2016, de http://healthymedellin.weebly.com/ Cooper- Hewitt. (2011). Design with the Other 90% of the Cities. (N. D. Museum, Ed.) New York: Smithsonian . Enlace Arquitectura. (2015). CABA: Cartografía de barrios en Caracas. (I. O.-G. Intenso, Ed.) Caracas, Venezuela: Fundación Espacio.
Fink, A. (2013). Medellín: Murder Capital to World’s Most Innovative City. Recuperado el 18 de 10 de 2016, de https://www. credit-suisse.com/us/en/news-and-expertise/publications/ bulletin/editions/2013/3-13-freedom.article.html/article/pwp/ news-and-expertise/2013/08/en/medellin-liberated.html Foro Urbano Mundial. (2014). Equidad Urbana en el Desarrollo- Ciudades para la Vida. Recuperado el 18 de 10 de 2016, de http://wuf7.unhabitat.org/wuf7themees-ES Freud, S. (1929). El malestar en la cultura (3º edición ed.). Alianza Editorial. Fundación Espacio. (2012). Intervenciones de espacio públicos en barrios del municipio Sucre. Caracas, Venezuela: Fundación Espacio. Fundacion WIkimedia Inc. (2013 de 20 de 2). Estética del vacío. Recuperado el 10 de 2016, de Wikipedia: La enciclopédia libre: https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%A9tica_del_vac%C3%ADo FUNDACOMÚN. (2001). CAMEBA. Proyecto CAMEBA, Mejoramiento de barrios 1999-2004 Construyendo obras y ciudadania. Republica Bolivariana de Venezuela. Ministerio de Infraestructura. La Vega, Petare Norte y Vargas.: INAVI, CONAVI, IVI MIRANDA, HIDROCAPITAL.
IMAS. (s/f). Instituto Municipal autónomo de Aguas y Acueductos de Sucre (I.M.A.S.). Recuperado el 5 de Enero de 2017, de http:// alcaldiamunicipiosucre.gob.ve/gobierno-municipal/institutos/ instituto-municipal-autonomo-de-aguas-y-acueductos-de-sucre-i-m-a-s/ Jaramillo Henao, G., & Zapata Márquez, L. M. (2008). Aprovechamiento de los residuos sólidos orgánicos en Colombia. Antioquia: Universidad de Antioquia. Joffre, A. (2012). Historia de Petare. Recuperado el 10 de 11 de 2016, de https://fundalamas.wordpress.com/contacto/historia-de-petare/ Klee, P. (1920). Creative Creedo. En P. Klee, The Thinking Eye. Koolhaas, R. (1978). Delirious New York. Barcelona: Gustavo Gili. Koolhaas, R. (1997). La ciudad genérica. Barcelona: Gustavo Gili. Lerner, J. (2005). Acupuntura Urbana. Iaac (Institut d’Arquitectura Avançada de Catalunya), Barcelona. Mashini, D. (2012). Cómo hacer ciudad: EL modelo de Medellín. Recuperado el 16 de 10 de 2016, de http://www.plataformaurbana.cl/ archive/2012/01/09/como-hacer-ciudad-el-modelo-medellin/
Geisinger, J. (2013). Connective Spaces and Social Capital in Medellín. Recuperado el 16 de 10 de 2016, de http://archleague. org/2013/03/connective-spaces-and-social-capital-in-medellin-by-jeff-geisinger/
Melendez, L. (25 de Marzo de 2015). Autorizan nuevo patio para transferencia de basura en el municipio Sucre. Recuperado el 05 de Enero de 2017, de http://contrapunto.com/noticia/autorizan-nuevo-patio-para-transferencia-de-basura-en-el-municipio-sucre/
Harvey, D. (2005). La libertad de la ciudad. New York. Obtenido de http://148.206.107.15/biblioteca_digital/capitulos/216-3555rhp.pdf
Montgomery, C. (2013). Happy city (1º edition ed.). Great Britain: Penguin Books.
Herrera, C. (2006). Híbridos Urbanos: una nueva mirada para intervenir a Caracas. Caracas: Instituto de Urbanismo.
Moore, V. (2012). India’s Dharavi recycling slumdog entrepreneurs. Recuperado el 09 de Enero de 2017, de https://www.sustainablebusinesstoolkit.com/dharavi-indias-recycling-slumdog-entrepreneurs/
PAGE
65
Navarrette, J. (2014). Por qué el renacimiento de Medellín es un modelo de exportación. Recuperado el 18 de 10 de 2016, de http:// blogs.iadb.org/urbeyorbe/2014/04/05/por-que-el-renacimientode-medellin-es-un-modelo-de-exportacion/
Reportaje Basura Caracas. (22 de Junio de 2009). Entrevista a Asociaciónes de Vecinos. Recuperado el 05 de Enero de 2017, de http://reportajebasurauma.blogspot.com/2009/06/entrevista-asociacion-de-vecinos-la.html
Negron, M. (1989). Territorio y sociedad en la formacion de la Venezuela contemporanea. La Caracas que no fue. Caracas: Instituto de Urbanismo.
Silva, E. (2011). Extracto. En F. Espacio, Intervenciones de espacio públicos en barrios del municipio Sucre. Caracas: Fundacion Espacio.
NullValue. (13 de enero de 2007). Medellín, en cirugía mayor. Recuperado el 15 de Noviembre de 2016, de http://www.eltiempo.com/ archivo/documento/MAM-2357002
Solá-Morales, I. (2009). Terrain Vague. En I. Ábalos, Compendios de la Arquitectura Contemporánea. Barcelona: GG.
Olalde, A. M. (2005). La Geometría Fractal en el caos urbano. El concepto del infinito y la geometría fractal en el hecho urbano. Tesis de Maestría, Universidad Metropolitana, Departamento de diseño urbano, Caracas. OPS, O. (2004). Guía de diseño para captación de agua de lluvia. Lima: Organizacion Mundial de la Salud. Piccinato, G. (2007). Un mundo de ciudades. Caracas: Fundación Para La Cultura Urbana. Primero Justicia. (23 de Julio de 2014). Imapsas: servicio de recolección de basura está 100% operativo. Recuperado el 09 de Enero de 2017, de http://www.primerojusticia.org.ve/cms/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=16222:imapsas-servicio-de-recoleccion-de-basura-esta-100-operativo&catid=158&Itemid=537 Ramírez, A. (09 de febrero de 2015). Complejo Deportivo Mesuca. Recuperado el 28 de noviembre de 2016, de https://www.viceversa-mag.com/complejo-deportivo-mesuca/ Real Academia Española. (2001). Vacío. Recuperado el 20 de 9 de 2016, de Diccionario de la lengua española: http://dle.rae. es/?id=bEnWlap PAGE
66
Solaz- Portolés, J. J. (s/f). El espacio vacío y sus implicaciones en la historia de la ciencia. Trancik, R. (1986). Finding Lost Space. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. Trias, E. (1991). Lógica del límite. Barcelona: Destino. Vargas, A. C. (2013). Mapas de Transporte y Homicidios en Petare Norte. Recuperado el 15 de Diciembre de 2016, de http:// www.anavargas.net/es/proyectos/urbanismo/mapas-de-transporte-y-homicidios-en-petare-norte/ Villanueva, F. (2008). La política de vivienda para venezuela. Recuperado el 25 de Noviembre de 2016, de Tecnología y Construcción: http://190.169.94.12/ojs/index.php/rev_tc/article/ view/2620/2514
PAGE
67
Nicole Garcia Vogt c/o Hartenstein Schloßstraße 61 70176 Stuttgart nicolegvogt@gmail.com 0176 5785 28 37
BACHELOR THESIS Presented at the Distinguished Simón Bolivar University Caracas, Venezuela As requirement to obtain the title of Architect