NICOLE LYNN HARNER UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA [ 2016 - 2017 ] SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE + COMMUNITY DESIGN
“If one advances confidently in the direction of his dreams, and endeavors to live the life which he has imagined, he will meet with a success unexpected in common hours.” HENRY DAVID THOREAU
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CITY TRAILS
[ TEMPORARY IN THE URBAN FABRIC ]
NICOLE LYNN HARNER
A Master’s Research Project presented to the Graduate School of Architecture and Community Design at the University of South Florida in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master in Architecture. Date of approval
Thesis Chair
Thesis Committee
May 2017
Stanley Russell
Associate Professor USF SACD
Josue Robles
Adjunct Professor USF SACD
DEDICATION
- To my family and friends who have stuck by my side through the years. Thank you for your support.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
To my professors who have molded and guided me over these past years. To my friends for being my constant sounding board. To my family for always believing in me. Thank you.
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CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES
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PROBLEM STATEMENT
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ABSTRACT
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PROJECT DESCRIPTION + GOALS
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PROJECT CONCEPT
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PRECEDENT STUDIES
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TEMPORARY | LANDSCAPE
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TEMPORARY | CITY
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TEMPORARY | YBOR CITY
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SITE SELECTION
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PROCESS
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INTERVENTION
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CONCLUSION
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pg 16 Figure 1 pg 16 Figure 2
Biwak | http://www.hellowood.eu/biwak.html The Rolling Pub and The Hedge of Hello Wood | http://www.archdaily.com/776805/hello-wood-2015-it-takes-a-village-toraise-outstanding-architecture\
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20 Figure 11 20 Figure 12 20 Figure 13 20 Figure 14 22 Figure 15 22 Figure 16 22 Figure 17 24 Figure 18` 25 Figure 19 26 Figure 20 29 Figure 21 31 Figure 22 33 Figure 23 34 Figure 24 35 Figure 25 36 Figure 26 37 Figure 27 41 Figure 28 43 Figure 29 45 Figure 30 47 Figure 31 49 Figure 32 49 Figure 33 49 Figure 34 49 Figure 35 50 Figure 36
Figure 3
Biwak | http://www.hellowood.eu/biwak.html
Figure 4
Project Village | http://www.archdaily.com/776805/hello-wood-2015-it-takes-a-village-to-raise-outstanding-architecture
Figure 5
Prairie Shelter | http://morelab.com/the-taliesin-west-shelters/
Figure 6
Prairie Shelter | http://morelab.com/the-taliesin-west-shelters/
Figure 7
Prairie Shelter | http://morelab.com/the-taliesin-west-shelters/
Figure 8
Prairie Shelter | http://morelab.com/the-taliesin-west-shelters/
Figure 9
Prairie Shelter | http://morelab.com/the-taliesin-west-shelters/
Figure 10
Prairie Shelter | http://inhabitat.com/taliesin-west-students-built-protective-desert-shelters-using-mostly-local-materials/littleshelters-by-frank-lloyd-wright-school-of-architecture-taliesin-west-1-2/ Boy Scout Hut Lions Park Butterfly House Antioch Baptist Church Kara - Za Theater Plan and Section Drawing | Kara-za, A Movable Theater. (1990). Perspecta, 26171. Kara - Za Theater Exterior | Kara-za, A Movable Theater. (1990). Perspecta, 26171. Kara - Za Theater Interior | Kara-za, A Movable Theater. (1990). Perspecta, 26171. Walden Book Cover | http://www.loyalbooks.com/book/walden-by-henry-david-thoreau Cradle to Cradle Diagram | https://omnivoro.lamula.pe/2015/06/17/cradle-to-cradle-de-la-cuna-a-la-cuna/karencilla/ Dry Tortugas Hanging Lake Memory Map Dry Tortugas Memory Map Hanakapi’ai Falls Memory Map Dry Tortugas Collage Collage Diagram Hawaii Collage Collage Diagram London Memory Map Munich Memory Map Prague Memory Map Paris Memory Map Amsterdam Memory Map Barcelona Memory Map Berlin Memory Map Florence Memory Map Ybor City | Alleyway
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52 Figure 37 54 Figure 38 56 Figure 39 56 Figure 40 57 Figure 41 58 Figure 42 61 Figure 43 62 Figure 44 62 Figure 45 65 Figure 46 67 Figure 47 69 Figure 48 70 Figure 49 72 Figure 50 74 Figure 51 76 Figure 52 77 Figure 53 78 Figure 54 80 Figure 55 82 Figure 56 84 Figure 57 84 Figure 58 85 Figure 59 86 Figure 60 86 Figure 61 87 Figure 62 88 Figure 63 88 Figure 64 89 Figure 65 89 Figure 66 90 Figure 67 90 Figure 68 91 Figure 69 92 Figure 70 94 Figure 71 97 Figure 72 98 Figure 73 100 Figure 74
Ybor Layer Analysis Model Ybor Layer Analysis Model Ybor City | Alleyway Ybor City | Vacant Lot Ybor City | Underutilized Space Potential Site Diagram Site Selection Diagram Model Draft Wireframe Site Diagram Model Wireframe Site Diagram Model Wireframe Site Diagram Model Speculative Wireframe Model Speculative Wireframe Model Process Plan Drawing Process Longitudinal Section Process Model Process Model Process Model Final Model Detial | Gallery Garden Walk Final Model Final Model Detail | Rooftop Garden Final Model Detail | Cafe Gathering Space Final Model Detail | Cafe Gathering Space Final Model Final Model Detail | Over Street Connection Final Model Detail | Gallery Gathering Spaces Final Model Final Model Detail | Rooftop Garden Final Model Detail | Rooftop Garden Final Model | West Rooftop Garden Final Model | East Rooftop Garden Final Model Detail | Main Gallery Final Model Detail | Main Gallery Final Model Final Plan Drawing Final Section Drawing Rendering | Green Gallery Walk Rendering | Green Gallery Walk Expansion Diagram
LIST OF FIGURES
PROBLEM STATEMENT The urban fabric is one of high density, but even within that are holes which exist in all of them. Spaces that are underutilized which in turn become have collected a negative connotation making them undesirable to inhabit. Inhabitants of the city have been warned of avoiding certain spaces and proceed to go out of they way to avoid them. Which in turn leads to a perpetual cycle, only furthering reinforcing the tendency to avoid these spaces. Architecture can play a role in reversing this negative connotation.
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ABSTRACT The urban condition is full of holes that take many forms, which over time have gained a negative connotation. Abandoned buildings, vacant lots, and highway overpasses, alleyways all exist within the urban fabric, becoming a place most do not want to be within. My intention is to create temporary interventions within the urban fabric to begin to shift the connotation from that of a negative one to that of a positive one. My goal is to activate and connect these spaces through a series of interventions and create positive memories within the spaces which will begin to alter the way people view a space, instead of a dead space, they are viewed as a space of opportunity, a space of engagement, a space of enjoyment. As a generator, I am using my lifelong experience in backpacking and hiking and being temporary within a natural landscape. These experiences have positive memories associated with them, which I want to bring into the urban landscape. Similar to the pack-in pack-out mentality that many campers abide by, I aim to create interventions that do not leave a lasting impact on the site, leaving them open to future interventions. These interventions would be temporary, but with no predestined removal date, removal from the space in some cases would occur once something else comes to occupy the space.
PROJECT DESCRIPTION + GOALS City trails is an attempt to activate and connect negative spaces in the urban fabric through a series of interventions focused on bring the emotions and feelings of rejuvenation one would associate with experiences in nature. These interventions aim to take one off the well beaten path into a place they would not normally explore to generate positive memories in these spaces and therefor changing the connotation associated with the space. The goal of city trails is to create temporary interventions that fill certain spaces until something else may come to fill the space.
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PROJECT CONCEPT The concept behind this Master’s Project involves a design process in which spatial and emotional relationships within the urban fabric are questioned. As part of the process City Trails experiments with the connotations of space and temporary inhabitation.
fig. 1 biwak
fig. 3 the rolling pub and the hedge of hello wood
fig. 3 biwak
fig. 4 project village
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PRECEDENT STUDIES
[ HELLO WOOD | PROJECT VILLAGE ]
Hello Wood is and international education program that “Project Village explores the reciprocal relationship between communities and their built environment using the rural terrain as its canvas.” It is a week long exercise in which a temporary village is constructed it is a “settlement that will become the temporary home of its builders.” One of the constructs, built during the the 2015 workshop tilted a “Biwak” was based on a Hungarian painting by Pál Szinyei-Merse’s. Titles “Majális”, it “represents the relationship of citizens with nature. It refers to the connection of humans and nature, even though the village people on the picture are not its main characters. Citizens are bringing their civilized equipment such as a blanket, a basket, a napkin, etc. to a picnic party. In the architect’s opinion, Biwak is also a piece of equipment. The concept of Biwak is a minimal, low-cost, and simultaneously comfortable answer to the desire of the citizen to move into nature. The Biwak can be a shelter, a hut, or even a secret meeting point of lovers from the village.”
“PROJECT VILLAGE.” HELLO WOOD. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 May 2017. “BIWAK.” HELLO WOOD. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 May 2017.
fig. 5 prairie shelter
fig. 9 prairie shelter
fig. 6 prairie shelter
fig. 7 prairie shelter
fig. 10 prairie shelter
fig. 8 prairie shelter
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[ TALIESIN WEST | PRAIRIE SHELTERS ]
Frank Lloyd Wright believed that in order to create good architecture student must learn from the landscape. Taliesin West is located just outside Scottsdale, Arizona. Wright embedded them within it forcing them to “learn from the land, the wind, sun and shadow, soil and sky, the sight, sound and smell of it, the plants and animals of it, and to let the landscape reveal itself for inspiration for designing shelter that is positioned deeply of its site” Students are challenged to create designs in the course of twelve weeks using materials found on the site and those that can be acquired inexpensively.
“The Taliesin West Shelters | MORELAB.” ART :: DESIGN :: MORE. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 May 2017.
fig. 11 boy scout hut
fig.12 lions park
fig. 13 butterfly house
fig. 14 Antioch Baptist Church
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[ RURAL STUDIO ] Rural studio is an undergraduate program of the School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape Architecture at the University of Auburn. Similar to a study abroad program Rural Studio is design-build studio semester away from the main campus. Located in Newbern, Alabama they work to enrich the local community. Many materials are donated to the school which provides an interesting challenge to the students to create innovative designs utilizing materials supplied to them. Students come up with innovative designs and then, unlike traditional architecture schools are challenged to build them as well, as the community is counting on them to finish. There are numerous projects in the works simultaneously, both those for community use as well homes for the community. The started the 20k house movement, designing and building homes for the community that only cost 20k and in turn revitalizing the community, giving the residents of Newbern, Alabama homes they can be proud of.
fig. 16 theater interior
fig. 15 plan and section drawing
fig. 17 theater exterior
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[ KARA - ZA THEATHER | TADAO ANDO ]
The Kara-za was Tadao Ando’s response to the modern theater. The theater was designed to be a temporary theater to for a theater troupe. It was intended to travel with the troupe. “Because the theater was to be moveable the main structure is an assemblage of pipes used in scaffolding” This served as a challenge in construction. In order to realize the concept “the members are pipes 48.6mm In diameter and 2mm thick. The longest are 9 meters long, twenty-five thousand ready-made clamps are used. The members are held together solely by frictional force. The analysis of the joints was too difficult to substantiate. In order to concentrate as much of the stress as possible in the joints we special ordered brackets and 20mm diameter braces. There are twenty types of joints in all.” The theater is meant to immerse one in the performance. Ando wanted the audience to be “emotionally involved throught the many possibilities that are generated: actors can appear on stage from different directions, the auidence can physically surround the actors and vice versa”
“Kara-Za, a Movable Theater.” Perspecta, vol. 26, June 1990, p. 171. EBSCOhost, ezproxy.lib.usf.edu/login?url=http:// search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edo&AN=33332168&site=eds-live.
[ WALDEN ]
Walden recounts two years in the life of David Henry Thoreau in which Thoreau takes residence in nature, living off of the land and isolating himself from society. It was a temporary experiment. He emphasizes living deliberately, stating that we should “spend one day as deliberately as possible in nature, not to be throw off by every nutshell and mosquito’s wing that falls on the rails. Let us rise early and fast, or break fast, gently and without perturbation; let company come and let company go. Let the bells ring and the children cry determined to make a day of it” From his experience he emphasized focusing on what is important in life. That “if we respected only what is inevitable and has right to be, music and poetry would resound along the streets. When we are unhurried and wise, we perceive that only great and worthy things have any permanent existence, that petty fears and petty pleasures are but the showed of the reality.” Much can be learned from Thoreau, that there are more important issues in life than those in which society focuses on. A great deal can be learned from living with intent in nature. Thoreau, Henry David., and James L. Shanley. Walden. Princeton, NJ: Princeton U, 1992. Print.
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[ CRADLE TO CRADLE ]
fig. 19 cradle to cradle diagram
Written by a Chemist and an Architect Cradle to Cradle places an emphasis on smart design and using waste as food. By that they mean that in a perfect world everything would be reusable. That instead of recycling, which is really just down-cycling until the material is worn out, products would serve as the building blocks of another product is a continuous straight line cycle. Emphasizes the necessity to take better cane of our planet. That by the utilization of certain principals and ethics this can be achievable. The condemn international style, stating that architecture should design for the local ecosystem, using local materials so to avoid contaminating ecosystems with foreign materials. From their perspective there are “two kinds of material flows on the planet” which are “biological and technical nutrients. Biological nutrients are useful to the biosphere while technical nutrients are useful for what we call the technosphere, the systems of industrial processes.” Systems exist within nature which we could learn a great deal from, yet choose to ignore. Mcdonough, William, and Michael Braungart. Cradle to Cradle: Remaking the Way We Make Things. New York: North Point, 2002. Print.
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TEMPORARY [ LAND SCAPE ]
fig. 20 dry tortugas
LANDSCAPE [ HANGING LAKE HIKE ]
When approaching the task of selecting a masters project topic, I wanted to integrate my extended experience with camping, backpacking, and hiking to develop a project, as this was a integral part of my childhood. Through my numerous travels over the years I have found those where I traveled into the wilderness to be much more nurturing than those which were spent in the city context. I began with a series of watercolor studies focusing on being temporary within nature quantifying my past experiences, mapping memories and experiences within nature. Each mapping reflects on a time when I was immersed in nature. Hanging Lake is located in Colorado. To reach the lake it is a thousand foot climb along the distance of one and a half miles following along Dead Horse Creek. Hanging Lake sits nestled within Glenwood Canyon. This hike was one of the first major hikes I completed. The lake at the top is teaming with life along the calm, cool waters of the lake which is only accessible to those willing to scale the cliffs. The nodes on the mapping correspond to the trail head, one of the large vistas along the trail and Hanging Lake.
fig. 21 hanging lake memory map
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LANDSCAPE [ DRY TORTUGAS ]
The Dry Tortugas is an island seventy miles off the coast of Key West. It is surrounded by the third largest coral reef system in the world. I camped on the island, spending two nights and three days with the island as my home. The Dry Tortugas is named as such because there is no fresh water on the island, all supplies including water must be transported to the island for an extended stay there. This mapping is a memory map of my time spent there. The circles represent my perceived amount of time spent in an area of the island as well as my enjoyment of that area. The island is home to Fort Jefferson which was built in 1847, the fort is technically unfinished as it began sinking into the ocean, forcing construction to halt and the third level never constructed. The island welcomes visitors daily but once the seaplanes and charter boat leaves for the day the island is quite, save for the few campers, park rangers and a small collection of Airmen stationed there.
fig. 22 dry tortugas memory map
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LANDSCAPE
[ HANAKAPI’AI FALLS HIKE ]
Hanakapi’ai Falls is a three hundred foot waterfall in the Na Pali National Forrest on the island of Kauai. It is a challenging four mile hike to the falls with almost three thousand feet in elevation gain. The nodes along the trail correspond to the trail head at Ke’e Beach, Hanakapi’ai Beach, the various river crossings required to stay on the trail, and the final destination of Hanakapi’ai Falls. The stunning views and waterfall made the strenuous hike worth while
fig. 23 hanakapi’ai falls memory map
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fig. 24 dry totugas collage
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fig. 25 dry totugas collage diagram
fig. 26 hawaii collage
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fig. 27 hawaii collage diagram
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TEMPORARY [ CITY ]
CITY
[ LONDON ]
To contrast the nature memory maps, I conducted a series of mappings focusing on being temporary within cities, and the perceived experiences there. These mappings focus on what I classified as non-nurturing spaces. Each of the eight maps focuses on a different city in Europe that I inhabited while backpacking for ten weeks. Similar to the maps examining nurturing spaces the circles on the maps identify spaces I remember inhabiting while quantifying the amount of time I spent there with how much I enjoyed inhabiting that location. While I enjoy cities, the hustle and bustle tends to wear one down. Within the nature there is a sense of adventure, exploration, and discovery and this exists within the urban fabric too but unlike cities, the emotions associated with nature are those of clarity, peacefulness, wonder, relaxation, and escape.
fig. 28 london memory map
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[ MUNICH ]
fig. 29 munich memory map
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[ PRAGUE ]
fig. 30 prague memory map
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[ PARIS ]
fig. 31 paris memory map
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[ AMSTERDAM | BARCELONA | BERLIN | FLORENCE ]
fig. 32 amsterdam memory map fig. 33 barcelona memory map fig. 34 berlin memory map fig. 35 florence memory map
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TEMPORARY [ YBOR CITY ]
fig. 36 ybor city | alleyway
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YBOR CITY [ SITE ANALYSIS ]
Ybor City is a city with a vibrant history, now known mostly for its night life. Those who flock to the city at night are quite in contrast with those that inhabit it during the day. Daytime the city is quite, tourists wander the historic streets, old men sit outside smoking cigars, a variety of restaurants welcome the business men and women alike. At night the city lights up, filling with a young crowd of college students for a variety of nightlife and social drinking. Venues host live music, tattoo parlors are buzzing with business, the city becomes loud and chaotic. There is a unique dichotomy that exists in Ybor between those there during the day and night. Which leaves the city feeling quite desolate during the day. Those there during the day would certainly not be found there at night. During the day most of the life exists along 7th Ave, the surrounding streets are quite bare of pedestrians. The city is filled with opportunity for more life to exist within it, containing many spaces that most do not venture into.
fig. 37 ybor layer analysis model
Early Morning Late Morning Afternoon Evening Late Night Select Nights Unoccupied
fig. 38 ybor layer analysis model
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I began my research into Ybor City by looking at why the activity levels from day to night are so drastically different. Within this model are seven layers, each indicating a general time of day in which businesses open. Businesses are grouped into the seven categories, those being early morning, late morning, afternoon, evening, late night, select nights, and unoccupied. Many of the buildings do not open until late morning. Many more are unoccupied leaving the city with much more potential than what it currently has. When walking along the main street in Ybor City many of the storefront windows are dark, the businesses that are open are for the most part restaurant, which accounts for many not opening until late morning. Tourists are told to visit Ybor as it is a historical city, but many are witnesses wandering the streets due to the lack of activities to partake in.
fig. 39 ybor city | alleyway
fig. 40 ybor city | vacant lot
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YBOR CITY [ SITE SELECTION ]
fig. 41 ybor city | underutilized space
fig. 42 potential site diagram
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[ SITE SELECTION ]
Identifying potential sites, I created this mapping to look at the potential of how they could connect to one another and in turn connect the city upon itself. Identified were vacant lots, alleyways, underutilized spaces and weaving them together in a matrix which connects the city. Ybor City is filled with potential places for activity to exist. One rarely walks down alleys as they have come to be known as places for potential danger, and a great number of the buildings along 7th ave. are separated by a service alley. Many urban fabrics like Ybor contain similar negative spaces, these spaces if activated properly have the potential to serve as positive spaces within the community and instead of being a space one goes out of their way to avoid.
[ SITE SELECTION ]
Ybor City has many potential sites to choose from, I identified seven sites which matched the criteria I was looking for. Sites that were underutilized, and viewed with a negative connotation. These sites exist in and along the main street in Ybor. One of them a vacant lot that has been vacant for as long as most can remember, waiting for someone to utilize the space. Another is a corner lot along the main road which is currently only used for a few parking spaces. The rest of the sites are alleyways along the back side of the main road and empty lots scattered throughout the city.
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fig. 43 site selection diagram model
fig. 44 draft wireframe site diagram model
fig. 45 wireframe site diagram model
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PROCESS
[ SITE RELATIONS ]
The decision was made to focus on three of the site that are linked together given the spatial relationship between the three and that each is a different site within the city. Working within this site gives the most opportunity to explore the potential of different scales of temporary within the urban fabric. This site combines an underutilized corner lot, an alleyway and a large space currently only dedicated to parking. The corner lot is along 7th ave. the main street in Ybor city. This is a smaller lot, the other lot is much larger, twice the size of the corner lot, connected by the alley that spans across one of the cross streets. Wireframe models were constructed to analyze the sites and their relation to one another and the surrounding context. The context buildings were constructed without the roves to illustrate that the rooftops of these buildings are yet another place that is a waste of potential space within the urban fabric. The wireframe models illustrate the potential for the intervention to weave within the sites.
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[ SITE RELATIONS ]
fig. 46 wireframe site diagram model
PROCESS [ FRAMING SPACE ]
Upon completion of the small scale site analysis I then moved on to larger scale models. Continuing with the wireframe I strove to create a gesture of the spaces I intended to create utilizing the wireframe and mylar. These gesture models begin to show the potential form of the intervention.
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fig. 47 speculative wireframe model
[ FRAMING SPACE ]
fig. 48 speculative wireframe model
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fig. 49 process plan drawing
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fig. 50 process section drawing
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fig. 51 process model
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One of the things I observed when wandering throughout Ybor is the lack of places to congregate outside, save for restaurant tables. Because one of my goals is to positively effect the urban fabric with the emotions associated with those of being within nature and many times the urban fabric can be lacking in green space I strove to create a garden walk that filled the forgotten spaces with life, taking the form of plant life, art culture and people. The corner lot strives to bring people in by providing shaded areas to relax with a cafe, book-share and WiFi hot-spot. Ybor is close to three places of higher education, students can be found where ever there is shade, seating and most importantly WiFi. By providing a these amenities students would be more likely to venture from there respective campuses or coffee shops for some fresh air.
fig. 52 process model
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Ybor City is home to an artist colony, which is little know those outside of the art world. As part of my proposed intervention I want to create a space where the artists could showcase their work. Not only would this give the artist colony the exposure that they deserve but also serve to bring in a different culture of people to Ybor City, people that might not normally venture there. Much like the gathering space on the east side of the intervention, the gallery would be open air but shaded lending itself to a variety of artistic uses.
fig. 53 process model
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INTERVENTION [ FINAL ]
The intervention that inhabits the alleyway becomes a gallery walk. Raising above the street level of the alley as to not disturb the function below. The gallery walk has many moments of pause, where smaller gathering places exist. Much like that of a vista on a hiking trial with scenic backdrops, the moments of pause along the walk exist as moments of opportunity for small gatherings. Along with activating the alleyway the gallery walk extends vertically to occupy and activate the rooftops. These rooftops become garden spaces where one can overlook the city, at night one could witness the mass amount of acWtivity from above. Seeing the city grime all the while surrounded by lush gardens.
fig. 54 final model detail | green gallery walk
fig. 55 final model
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fig. 56 final model detail | rooftop garden
INTERVENTION [ CAFE ]
fig. 57 final model detail | cafe gathering space
fig. 58 final model detail | cafe gathering space
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fig. 59 final model
INTERVENTION [ GREEN GALLERY WALK ]
fig. 60 final model detail | over street connection
fig. 61 final model detail | gallery gathering space
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fig. 62 final model
INTERVENTION [ ROOF GARDENS ]
fig. 63 final model detail | rooftop garden
fig. 64 final model detail | rooftop garden
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fig. 65 final model | west rooftop garden
fig. 66 final model | east rooftop garden
INTERVENTION [ GALLERY ]
fig. 67 final model detail | main gallery
fig. 68 final model detail | main gallery
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fig. 69 final model
fig. 70 final plan drawing
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fig. 71 final section drawing
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fig. 72 rendering | green gallery walk
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fig. 73 rendering | green gallery walk
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EXPANSION [ PROPOSED SITES ]
fig. 74 potential expansion diagram
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CONCLUSION Architecture is a powerful tool that shapes the world around us. It can be used to positively effect the space around us and shape how we view the world. Through this winding trail of a process I have discovered much about myself and about architecture. The way we think about architecture is taught to us, but is also part of us, in our past experiences. These become the drivers for what is created in the future. I do not intend for this to be a final product but simply a moment of pause along the trail that I take through life, with its many nodes and places of rest. This project has taught me that every space has potential to be great. Architecture can be used to shape any space into one that makes habitation comfortable and change the connotation of wasted spaces in the urban fabric.