Focus on Pharmacology: Essentials for Health Professionals, 3e (Moini) Chapter 4 Drug Toxicity and Pharmacogenomics 1) Side effects are generally predictable, and their intensity is: A) dose dependent B) based on the patient's age C) based on preexisting conditions D) based on gender Answer: A Explanation: A) Side effects are generally predictable, and their intensity is dose dependent. They are peripheral or secondary effects caused by drugs and other agents. Some side effects develop soon after drug use begins, whereas others may not appear until a drug has been taken for weeks or months. 2) Programmed cell death that allows cells to self-destruct is called: A) necrosis B) ascites C) toxicosis D) apoptosis Answer: D Explanation: D) Programmed cell death that allows cells to self-destruct is called apoptosis. This process involves the activation of specific proteins. It is helpful when the process kills damaged cells but does not harm surrounding tissue. In cancer cells, apoptosis is often inhibited. 3) Unknown mechanisms of action of an adverse effect of a drug are referred to as: A) overdose B) idiosyncratic C) prophylaxis D) polymorphism Answer: B Explanation: B) Unknown mechanisms of action of an adverse effect of a drug are referred to as idiosyncratic. These responses are unpredictable reactions to a drug, and occur rarely. 4) The FDA requires serious or unexpected events to be reported within how many days? A) 3 B) 7 C) 15 D) 30 Answer: C Explanation: C) The FDA requires serious or unexpected events to be reported within 15 days of occurrence. During new drug application studies, all adverse events must be reported, regardless of their severity. Additionally, once the drug reaches the market, adverse events of all types must still be reported.
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