TEST BANK FOR Administering Medications, 8e Donna Gauwitz by StudyGuide

Chapter 01 Orientation to Medications

Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which is the definition of the term pharmacology? A. The body's response to drugs B. The absorption of drugs C. The study of drugs D. The metabolism of drugs Pharmacology is the study of drugs and their uses.

ABHES: 3. c. Apply various medical terms for each specialty Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. C. 12. Describe the relationship between anatomy and physiology of all body systems and medications used for treatment in each Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 01-01 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Pharmacology

2. Which is the definition of the term pharmacodynamics? A. The body's response to drugs B. The absorption of drugs C. The study of drugs D. The metabolism of drugs Pharmacodynamics is the body's response to drugs.

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Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

3. Which is the definition of anatomy? A. The study of the function of body parts B. The study of the structure of body parts C. The study of the function of drugs D. The study of the disease process Anatomy is the study of the structure of body parts.

4. Which is the definition of physiology? A. The study of the functions of cells, tissues, and organs of living organisms B. The study of the structure of body parts C. The study of the function of drugs D. The study of the disease process Physiology is the science that deals with the functions of cells, tissues, and organs of living organisms.

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

5. Which is the definition of pathology? A. The study of the function of body parts B. The study of the structure of body parts C. The study of the function of drugs D. BVThe study of the disease process Pathology is the study of disease processes, including changes in the structure and function of the body.

6. Which is the source of the drug digitalis? A. A wildflower B. An animal C. A mineral D. Chemicals Digitalis is a cardiac glycoside used to treat congestive heart failure from the wildflower purple foxglove.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 01-02 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Drug Sources Topic: Drug Uses

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

7. Which is a source of morphine? A. A plant B. An animal C. A mineral D. Chemicals Morphine comes from the poppy plant.

8. Which is a source of heparin? A. A plant B. An animal C. A mineral D. Chemicals Heparin, used to reduce the formation of blood clots, is taken from the intestinal lining of cattle and pigs.

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

9. Which is a source of Epsom salts? A. A plant B. An animal C. A mineral D. Chemicals Epsom salts are minerals used in drug therapy.

10. Which is the source of Bactrim? A. A plant B. An animal C. A mineral D. Chemicals Bactrim is developed through chemical processes and is used in the treatment of urinary tract infections.

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

11. Which is an example of a drug or drugs used to prevent disease? A. Birth control pills B. Hepatitis B vaccine C. Antibiotics D. Chemotherapy Hepatitis B vaccine is used to prevent disease.

12. Which is an example of a drug or drugs used to treat disease? A. Antihistamines B. HPV vaccine C. Vitamins D. Barium Antihistamines are used to treat allergy symptoms. Benadryl, an example, treats allergy symptoms and motion sickness.

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

13. Which is an example of a diagnostic drug? A. Iodine B. Iron C. Magnesium D. Sodium chloride Iodine is a diagnostic drug or dye that is used as a contrast medium to show up on fluoroscopes or x-rays.

14. Which is an example of a drug or drugs used to promote health maintenance? A. Birth control pills B. Vitamins C. Analgesics D. Antihistamines Health maintenance helps patients maintain or enhance their current level of health such as vitamins.

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

15. Rules that ensure the uniform quality, strength, and purity of drugs are known as: A. indicators. B. standards. C. quality control. D. quality assurance. Drugs differ in strength, quality, and purity, depending on how they are manufactured. To control these differences, certain standards have been set up that products must meet.

ABHES: 6. c. 3. Comply with legal aspects of creating prescriptions, including federal and state laws ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions CAAHEP: IX. A. 3. Recognize the importance of local, state and federal legislation and regulations in the practice setting Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 01-03 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Drug Standards

16. Which is an example of a drug or drugs used to cure disease? A. Antihistamines B. Analgesics C. Antibiotics D. Antihypertensives Antibiotics cure disease. For example, penicillin cures pneumonia.

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

17. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has the responsibility of enforcing: A. drug patents. B. drug prices. C. drug standards. D. drug abuse prevention. Drug standards are enforceable by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

ABHES: 6. e. Comply with federal, state, and local health laws and regulations Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: IX. A. 3. Recognize the importance of local, state and federal legislation and regulations in the practice setting Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 01-07 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: You and the Law

18. The official list of drug standards, as recognized by the U.S. government, is contained in the: A. United States Pharmacopeia/National Formulary (USP/NF). B. Physicians' Desk Reference (PDR). C. United States Pharmacopeia Dispensing Information (USPDI). D. American Hospital Formulary Service (AHFS) Drug Information. Drug standards are listed in a reference book called the United States Pharmacopeia/National Formulary (USP/NF).

ABHES: 6. c. 3. Comply with legal aspects of creating prescriptions, including federal and state laws ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions CAAHEP: IX. A. 3. Recognize the importance of local, state and federal legislation and regulations in the practice setting Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 01-03 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Drug Standards

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

19. Which is the rationale for having drug standards? A. Drugs differ in strength, quality, and purity. B. Drugs have several different brand names. C. Drugs are distributed by many different companies. D. Drugs are sold by many different stores. Drugs standards are developed because drugs differ widely in strength, quality, and purity.

20. Which is the drug name that describes the molecular structure of a drug? A. Chemical name B. Generic name C. Official name D. Brand or trade name The chemical name describes the chemical composition and molecular structure of a drug.

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

21. Which is the official nonproprietary drug name assigned by a manufacturer? A. Chemical name B. Generic name C. Official name D. Brand or trade name The generic name is the official, nonproprietary name assigned by a manufacturer.

22. Which is usually the same as the generic name? A. Chemical name B. Generic name C. Official name D. Brand or trade name The official name is the same as the generic name.

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

23. Which is also known as the trade, or proprietary, name? A. Chemical name B. Generic name C. Official name D. Brand name The trade, or proprietary, name is also known as the brand name.

24. Which is the name under which a drug is sold by a specific manufacturer? A. Chemical name B. Generic name C. Official name D. Brand or trade name A brand- or trade-name drug is sold by a specific manufacturer.

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

25. Which drug name is owned by the drug company and may not be used by another company? A. Chemical name B. Generic name C. Official name D. Brand or trade name A brand or trade name may not be used by any other company other than the company that owns it.

26. Nitro-Bid, Nitrong, and Nitrostat are all examples of: A. chemical names. B. generic names. C. official names. D. brand or trade names. Nitro-Bid, Nitrong, and Nitrostat are brand or trade names sold under the generic name nitroglycerin.

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

27. Which is an example of a brand or trade name? A. Aspirin B. Bufferin C. Acetylsalicylic acid D. Acetaminophen Bufferin is an example of a brand or trade name for aspirin.

28. Which is an example of a chemical name? A. Aspirin B. Bufferin C. Acetylsalicylic acid D. Acetaminophen Acetylsalicylic acid is an example of a chemical name.

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

29. Which provides information about the drug products of major pharmaceutical companies? A. Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs B. United States Pharmacopeia Dispensing Information C. American Hospital Formulary Service Drug Information D. Physicians' Desk Reference (PDR) The Physicians' Desk Reference (PDR) gives information about drug products of major pharmaceutical companies.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 01-05 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Drug References Topic: Preparing Your Own Drug Cards

30. Which term refers to the unintended and undesirable effects of drugs? A. Interactions B. Precautions C. Side effects/adverse reactions D. Indications Side effects/adverse reactions are the undesirable effects of drugs.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 01-05 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Drug References Topic: Preparing Your Own Drug Cards

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

31. Which term refers to the conditions for which a drug is used? A. Interactions B. Precautions C. Side effects/adverse reactions D. Indications Indications are the conditions for which drugs are given.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 01-05 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Drug References Topic: Preparing Your Own Drug Cards

32. Which term refers to the undesirable effects produced when drugs are taken with certain foods or other drugs? A. Interactions B. Precautions C. Side effects/adverse reactions D. Indications Interactions are the undesirable effects that may occur when drugs are taken with certain foods or other drugs.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 01-05 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Drug References Topic: Preparing Your Own Drug Cards

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

33. Which term refers to the warnings to consider when administering drugs to patients with specific conditions or diseases? A. Interactions B. Precautions C. Side effects/adverse reactions D. Indications Precautions are the warnings that are given when administering drugs to patients with certain conditions.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 01-05 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Drug References Topic: Preparing Your Own Drug Cards

34. Which term defines how a drug works? A. Indications B. Action C. Description D. Administration Action is how a drug works.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 01-05 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Drug References Topic: Preparing Your Own Drug Cards

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

35. Which section of the Physicians' Desk Reference would you consult to match a tablet with its color illustration? A. Brand and Generic Name Index B. Product Category Index C. Product Identification Guide D. Product Information The color illustration of a drug is found in the Product Identification Guide of the PDR.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 01-05 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Drug References Topic: Preparing Your Own Drug Cards

36. Which section of the PDR would you use when referencing information about an antihistamine? A. Brand and Generic Name Index B. Product Category Index C. Product Identification Guide D. Product Information Information about an antihistamine is found in the Product Category Index in the PDR.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 01-05 Level of Difficulty: Medium Topic: Drug References Topic: Preparing Your Own Drug Cards

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

37. Which section of the PDR would you use to find detailed information on a drug such as generic and brand or trade names, description, and clinical pharmacology? A. Brand and Generic Name Index B. Product Category Index C. Product Identification Guide D. Product Information Generic and brand or trade names, description, and clinical pharmacology on drugs are found in the Product Information section of the PDR.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 01-05 Level of Difficulty: Medium Topic: Drug References Topic: Preparing Your Own Drug Cards

38. Which section of the PDR would you use to reference Tylenol? A. Brand and Generic Name Index B. Product Category Index C. Product Identification Guide D. Product Information Tylenol is found in the Brand and Generic Name Index of the PDR.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 01-05 Level of Difficulty: Medium Topic: Drug References Topic: Preparing Your Own Drug Cards

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

39. In the following PDR entry: TYLENOL SEVERE ALLERGY CAPLETS (McNeil Consumer)¼¼¼322, 1943, the number 322 refers to which section of the PDR? A. Brand and Generic Name Index B. Product Category Index C. Product Identification Guide D. Product Information Tylenol Severe Allergy Caplets 322, 1943, the number 322 refers to the Product Identification Guide in the PDR.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 01-05 Level of Difficulty: Medium Topic: Drug References Topic: Preparing Your Own Drug Cards

40. In the following PDR entry: TYLENOL SEVERE ALLERGY CAPLETS (McNeil Consumer)¼¼¼322, 1943, the number 1943 refers to which section of the PDR? A. Brand and Generic Name Index B. Product Category Index C. Product Identification Guide D. Product Information Tylenol Severe Allergy Caplets 322, 1943, the number 1943 refers to the Product Information in the PDR.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 01-05 Level of Difficulty: Medium Topic: Drug References Topic: Preparing Your Own Drug Cards

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

41. Which is the term for printed sheets of information located inside the boxes in which drugs are packaged? A. PDR supplements B. Drug cards C. Package inserts D. Orange Book Package inserts are found inside the boxes of drugs and are detailed information on the drugs.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Apply CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 01-05 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Drug References Topic: Preparing Your Own Drug Cards

42. Which law states that only drugs listed in the USP/NF may be prescribed and sold? A. Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 B. Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 C. Drug Regulation and Reform Act of 1978 D. Controlled Substances Act of 1990 Only drugs governed by the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 may be listed in the USP/NF.

ABHES: 6. e. Comply with federal, state, and local health laws and regulations Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: IX. 13. Discuss all levels of governmental legislation and regulation as they apply to medical assisting practice, including FDA and DEA regulations CAAHEP: IX. A. 3. Recognize the importance of local, state and federal legislation and regulations in the practice setting Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 01-06 Level of Difficulty: Medium Topic: Drug Legislation

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

43. Which law states that the federal government must review safety studies on new drugs before they can be put on the market? A. Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 B. Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 C. Drug Regulation and Reform Act of 1978 D. Controlled Substances Act of 1990 Only drugs governed by the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 may be put on the market because they are studied for safety.

44. Which law identifies the drugs that are dangerous or subject to abuse? A. Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 B. Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 C. Drug Regulation and Reform Act of 1978 D. Controlled Substances Act of 1990 Drugs that may lead to dangerous abuse are found in the Controlled Substances Act of 1990.

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

45. Which schedule of controlled substances contains drugs with the highest potential for abuse? A. Schedule I B. Schedule II C. Schedule III D. Schedule IV Schedule I has the highest potential of abuse for controlled substances.

46. Which agency has the responsibility of enforcing the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938? A. Food and Drug Administration B. Drug Enforcement Administration C. The Federal Trade Commission D. The Consumer Product Safety Commission The Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 is governed by the Food and Drug Administration.

ABHES: 6. c. 3. Comply with legal aspects of creating prescriptions, including federal and state laws ABHES: 6. e. Comply with federal, state, and local health laws and regulations Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: IX. A. 3. Recognize the importance of local, state and federal legislation and regulations in the practice setting CAAHEP: IX. P. 8. Apply local, state, and federal health care legislation and regulation appropriate to the medical assisting practice setting Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 01-07 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: You and the Law

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

47. Which agency has the responsibility of enforcing the Controlled Substances Act of 1990? A. Food and Drug Administration B. Drug Enforcement Administration C. The Federal Trade Commission D. The Consumer Product Safety Commission The Drug Enforcement Administration oversees the Controlled Substances Act of 1990.

48. Which term describes drugs that have special restrictions as to who can prescribe and sell them and how often they can be prescribed? A. Controlled substances B. Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs C. Prescription drugs D. Legend drugs Controlled substances are restricted as to who can prescribe and sell them and how often they can be prescribed.

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

49. Which is an advantage of synthetically created drugs? A. Less expensive B. Fewer side effects C. Less regulated D. More effective Synthetic drugs are less expensive than nonsynthetic drugs.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand CAAHEP: I. C. 12. Describe the relationship between anatomy and physiology of all body systems and medications used for treatment in each Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 01-02 Level of Difficulty: Difficult Topic: Drug Sources Topic: Drug Uses

50. Which chemical materials, through biotechnology and genetic engineering, are combined to make new drugs? A. AFP B. DNA C. HCG D. THC DNA materials are combined through biotechnology and genetic engineering to make new drugs and drug products available.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Analyze CAAHEP: I. C. 12. Describe the relationship between anatomy and physiology of all body systems and medications used for treatment in each Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 01-02 Level of Difficulty: Difficult Topic: Drug Sources Topic: Drug Uses

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

51. Before diagnostic iodine is administered, the patient should be asked if he or she is allergic to which of the following? A. Gluten B. Shellfish C. Penicillin D. Peanuts It is critical that the patient is asked if he or she is allergic to shellfish, which indicates an iodine allergy.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. C. 12. Describe the relationship between anatomy and physiology of all body systems and medications used for treatment in each Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 01-02 Level of Difficulty: Medium Topic: Drug Sources Topic: Drug Uses

52. Which term describes a drug's desired or predicted physiological response? A. Therapeutic effect B. Biological effect C. Pharmacologic effect D. Kinetic effect Therapeutic effect is the term for a drug's desired physiological response.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Analyze CAAHEP: I. C. 12. Describe the relationship between anatomy and physiology of all body systems and medications used for treatment in each Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 01-02 Level of Difficulty: Difficult Topic: Drug Sources Topic: Drug Uses

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

53. Analgesics that are used for pain management in the case of terminal illness are an example of which of the following types of drugs? A. Diagnostic drug B. Curative drug C. Palliative drug D. Drug used to promote health maintenance Palliative drugs are drugs used to improve quality of life but not offer a cure for a disease. An example would be pain management controlled by analgesics.

54. State and federal governments permit, encourage, and even mandate that customers be given which of the following types of drugs? A. Generic B. Brand or trade C. Chemical D. Synthetic State and federal governments permit, encourage, and can even mandate that customers be given generic drugs.

ABHES: 6. c. 3. Comply with legal aspects of creating prescriptions, including federal and state laws ABHES: 6. e. Comply with federal, state, and local health laws and regulations Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand CAAHEP: IX. A. 3. Recognize the importance of local, state and federal legislation and regulations in the practice setting CAAHEP: IX. P. 8. Apply local, state, and federal health care legislation and regulation appropriate to the medical assisting practice setting Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 01-07 Level of Difficulty: Medium Topic: You and the Law

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

55. Which section of the United States Pharmacopeia Dispensing Information contains nontechnical language that is easy for patients to understand? A. Advice for the Patient B. Orange Book C. Approved Drug Products D. Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs Advice for the Patient is the section of the United States Pharmacopeia Dispensing Information that has easy-to-understand information for patients using nontechnical language.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 01-05 Level of Difficulty: Difficult Topic: Drug References Topic: Preparing Your Own Drug Cards

56. Healthcare workers can save time and find information about medications more quickly when they reference which of the following? A. Nursing drug reference books B. Package inserts C. Physicians' Desk Reference D. Drug cards Drug cards provide condensed information about drugs, saving time rather than accessing huge drug references.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 01-05 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Drug References Topic: Preparing Your Own Drug Cards

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

57. The sale of over-the-counter products that contain pseudoephedrine and ephedrine is restricted by which act? A. Controlled Substances Act B. Patriot Improvement and Reauthorization Act C. Drug Regulation and Reform Act D. Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act The Patriot Improvement and Reauthorization Act restricts the sale of drugs containing pseudoephedrine and ephedrine.

58. Under the Controlled Substances Act, which drug classifications cannot be refilled without a new written prescription from a doctor? A. Schedule I B. Schedule II C. Schedule III D. Schedule IV Schedule II drugs cannot be refilled without a new prescription under the Controlled Substances Act.

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

59. Prescription drugs are also referred to as? A. Over-the-counter drugs B. Diagnostic drugs C. Legend drugs D. Palliative drugs Legend drugs are another name for prescription drugs.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 01-02 Level of Difficulty: Medium Topic: Drug Sources Topic: Drug Uses

60. Under the Controlled Substances Act, which drug classifications has no accepted medical use? A. Schedule I B. Schedule II C. Schedule III D. Schedule IV Schedule I drugs under the Controlled Substances Act have no medical use. Examples are marijuana and LSD.

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

61. The mandate governing childproof drug packaging is enforced by which regulatory agency? A. Drug Enforcement Administration B. Food and Drug Administration C. Consumer Product Safety Commission D. Federal Trade Commission The Consumer Product Safety Commission regulates childproof packaging through laws such as the Poison Prevention Packaging Act (PPPA).

Fill in the Blank Questions 62. The study of drugs and their uses is termed ________________________. pharmacology Pharmacology is the study of drugs and their uses.

ABHES: 3. c. Apply various medical terms for each specialty Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. C. 12. Describe the relationship between anatomy and physiology of all body systems and medications used for treatment in each Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 01-01 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Pharmacology

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

63. The body's response to drugs is termed ___________________________. pharmacodynamics Pharmacodynamics is the study of the body's response to drugs.

64. The study of the structure of body parts is termed ___________________. anatomy Anatomy is the structure of body parts.

65. The study of the function of body parts is termed ____________________. physiology Physiology is the science that deals with the functions of cells, tissues, and organs of living organisms.

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

66. The absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs is termed _____________________. pharmacokinetics Pharmacokinetics is the study of a drug during absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.

67. The study of disease processes is termed _____________________. pathology Pathology is the study of disease processes.

68. Digitalis, used to treat congestive heart failure, is of _______________ origin. plant Digitalis is made from the wildflower purple foxglove and is used to treat congestive heart failure.

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

69. Heparin is of __________________ origin. animal Heparin is of animal origin, made from the intestinal linings of cattle and pigs.

70. Iron is an example of a(n) _________________ used in drug therapy. mineral Minerals are used in drug therapy. Examples are iron, iodine, and calcium.

71. Bactrim, used in the treatment of urinary tract infections, is synthesized in the _____________________ through chemical processes. laboratory Bactrim is a drug used in urinary tract infections that is synthesized in the laboratory through chemical processes.

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

72. Humulin is a(n) ______________________________ drug used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. genetically engineered Biotechnology and genetic engineering combine DNA material from different organisms, making new drugs and drug products available. Humulin insulin is a genetically engineered drug used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

73. Vaccines are an example of the use of a drug for disease ___________________. prevention Vaccines inoculate the body against disease microorganisms used in disease prevention.

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

74. Vitamins are examples of drugs used to promote __________________________. health maintenance Vitamins are drugs used to promote health maintenance. They help keep the body healthy and strong by ensuring that the body systems function normally.

75. Radiopaque dye, administered to detect gallbladder malfunctions, is an example of the _____________________ use of a drug. diagnostic A diagnostic drug is a chemical substance used to diagnose or monitor conditions such as gallbladder diseases.

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

76. Antibiotics are used to ____________ diseases. cure Certain drugs such as antibiotics are used to cure diseases.

77. The prevention of pregnancy is possible with the use of _____________________, drugs that control fertility. contraceptives Contraceptives are drugs designed to prevent conception.

78. Aspirin and antihistamines are examples of drugs used to ________________ disease symptoms. treat Drugs such as aspirin and antihistamines may be used to treat disease symptoms.

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

79. Drugs that improve the quality of life but do not cure or treat the disease are termed ____________________. palliative Drugs that improve quality of life but do not cure or treat the disease are termed palliative drugs.

80. ___________________ are rules ensuring uniform quality, strength, and purity of drugs. Standards Standards are rules that ensure uniform quality, strength, and purity of drugs.

ABHES: 6. c. 3. Comply with legal aspects of creating prescriptions, including federal and state laws ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions CAAHEP: IX. A. 3. Recognize the importance of local, state and federal legislation and regulations in the practice setting Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 01-03 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Drug Standards

81. Drug standards are listed in the ________________________________. United States Pharmacopeia/National Formulary (USP/NF)

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

82. The molecular structure of a drug is described by its ______________________ name. chemical A chemical name describes the chemical composition and molecular structure of a drug. Acetylsalicylic acid is an example of a chemical name.

83. The official nonproprietary name assigned to a drug by the manufacturer is its ______________________ name. generic The generic name of a drug is also the nonproprietary name assigned by the manufacturer with the approval of the United States Adopted Names (USAN) Council. Aspirin is an example of a generic name.

84. The _______________ name of a drug is usually the same as the generic name. official The official drug name is usually the same as the generic name.

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

85. The _________________ or _______________ name is the name under which a drug is sold by a specific manufacturer. brand; trade The brand or trade name, also called the proprietary name, is the name under which a drug is sold by a specific manufacturer.

86. Bufferin is an example of a(n) ______________ or ____________ name for aspirin. brand; trade An example of a brand or trade name for Bufferin is aspirin.

87. When using the PDR, you would turn to the _________________________ to obtain information about antibiotics. Product Category Index The Product Category Index in the PDR includes information on antibiotics such as penicillin.

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

88. Actual-sized, colored photos of drugs would be found in the __________________ of the Physicians' Desk Reference. Product Identification Guide The Product Identification Guide provides colored photos of drugs arranged alphabetically by manufacturer.

89. The law that states only drugs listed in the USP/NF may be prescribed and sold is the ___________________________________. Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 The Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 states that only drugs listed in the USP/NF may be prescribed and sold.

ABHES: 6. e. Comply with federal, state, and local health laws and regulations Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: IX. 13. Discuss all levels of governmental legislation and regulation as they apply to medical assisting practice, including FDA and DEA regulations CAAHEP: IX. A. 3. Recognize the importance of local, state and federal legislation and regulations in the practice setting Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 01-06 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Drug Legislation

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

90. The _______________________________ spells out regulations concerning the purity, strength, effectiveness, labeling, and packaging of drugs. Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 The Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 spells out requirements concerning the purity, strength, effectiveness, labeling, and packaging of drugs.

91. The law that identifies the drugs that are dangerous or subject to abuse is the ___________________________________. Controlled Substances Act of 1990 The Controlled Substances Act of 1990 identifies drugs that are dangerous or subject to abuse such as narcotics.

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

92. The agency that enforces the Controlled Substances Act is the ________________________. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) The Controlled Substances Act is enforced by the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA).

Essay Questions 93. Define pharmacology. Answers will vary Feedback: Pharmacology is the study of drugs and their uses.

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

94. Define pharmacodynamics. Answers will vary Feedback: Pharmacodynamics is the study of the body's response to a drug.

95. Define anatomy. Answers will vary Feedback: Anatomy is the study of the structure of body parts.

96. Define physiology. Answers will vary Feedback: Physiology is the science that deals with the function of the cells, tissues, and organs of living organisms.

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

97. Define pathology. Answers will vary Feedback: Pathology is the study of the disease processes.

98. List the major sources of drugs. Answers will vary Feedback: The four major sources of drugs are plants, animals, minerals, and chemicals.

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

99. Give an example of a drug extracted from parts of plants. Answers will vary Feedback: Digitalis is an example of a drug that is made from a plant. It is made from the wildflower purple foxglove.

100. Give an example of a drug of animal origin. Answers will vary Feedback: An example of a drug of animal origin is insulin, made from the pancreas of cattle and pigs.

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

101. Give an example of a mineral used in drug therapy. Answers will vary Feedback: Iron, iodine, and calcium are examples of minerals used in drug therapy.

102. List the seven uses of drugs. Answers will vary Feedback: The seven uses of drugs are to prevent, treat, diagnose, and cure diseases. They are also used for health maintenance, as contraceptives, and for palliative therapy.

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

103. Define drug standards. Answers will vary Feedback: Drug standards are rules that drugs must meet with regard to strength, purity, and quality.

ABHES: 6. c. 3. Comply with legal aspects of creating prescriptions, including federal and state laws ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions CAAHEP: IX. A. 3. Recognize the importance of local, state and federal legislation and regulations in the practice setting Est Time: 3-5 minutes Learning Outcome: 01-03 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Drug Standards

104. List four types of names by which drugs are known. Answers will vary Feedback: Drugs are known by their chemical, generic, official, and brand or trade (proprietary) names.

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

105. Name three drug references. Answers will vary Feedback: Three drug references are the Physician's Desk Reference, United States Pharmacopeia Dispensing Information, and Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs.

106. Name three major drug laws. Answers will vary Feedback: Three major drug laws are the Controlled Substances Act of 1990; the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938; and the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906.

ABHES: 6. c. 3. Comply with legal aspects of creating prescriptions, including federal and state laws ABHES: 6. e. Comply with federal, state, and local health laws and regulations Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: IX. 13. Discuss all levels of governmental legislation and regulation as they apply to medical assisting practice, including FDA and DEA regulations CAAHEP: IX. A. 3. Recognize the importance of local, state and federal legislation and regulations in the practice setting Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 01-06 Level of Difficulty: Medium Topic: Drug Legislation

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

107. Name the federal agency that enforces the Controlled Substances Act of 1990. Answers will vary Feedback: The federal agency that enforces the Controlled Substances Act of 1990 is the Drug Enforcement Administration.

ABHES: 6. e. Comply with federal, state, and local health laws and regulations Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: IX. 13. Discuss all levels of governmental legislation and regulation as they apply to medical assisting practice, including FDA and DEA regulations CAAHEP: IX. A. 3. Recognize the importance of local, state and federal legislation and regulations in the practice setting Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 01-06 Level of Difficulty: Medium Topic: Drug Legislation

108. In a drug reference, the information under ______________ describes how the drug works. Action Feedback: When looking up a drug in a drug reference, the Action section describes how a drug works.

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

109. A drug reference that gives information about the drug products of major pharmaceutical companies is called the _________________________________. Physicians' Desk Reference (PDR) Feedback: The PDR gives information about drug products of major pharmacology companies. It lists the description, clinical pharmacology, mechanism of action, indications, contraindications, warnings, precautions, adverse reactions, over dosage, dosage, and administration, and how the product is supplied.

110. A drug reference that includes state and federal requirements for prescribing and dispensing drugs is called the _________________________________________. United States Pharmacopeia Dispensing Information (USPDI) Feedback: The USPDI is a drug reference including state and federal requirements for prescribing and dispensing drugs.

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

111. A drug reference that contains an objective overview, in outline form, of almost every drug available in the United States is called the ___________________________. American Hospital Formulary Service (AHFS) Drug Information Feedback: The American Hospital Formulary Service (AHFS) Drug Information contains an objective overview, in outline form, of almost every drug available in the United States.

Check All That Apply Questions 112. Which is a major source of drugs? __X__ Plants _____ Textiles __X__ Animals __X__ Chemicals

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

113. Which is a reason for healthcare workers to be familiar with drug laws? __X__ To protect them from errors and possible lawsuits __X__ To be able to educate patients __X__ To protect the public _____ To control the high costs of medications _____ from errors and possible lawsuits, and to educate patients and protect the public. It is not essential that healthcare workers are concerned with controlling the high costs of medications.

114. Which publication is a drug reference? __X__ Physicians' Desk Reference __X__ United States Pharmacopeia Dispensing Information __X__ Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs _____ Drug Enforcement Administration Source Book

Chapter 01 - Orientation to Medications

115. Which is a parameter regulated by drug standards? __X__ Drug strength __X__ Drug quality __X__ Drug purity _____ Drug price

ABHES: 6. c. 3. Comply with legal aspects of creating prescriptions, including federal and state laws ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions CAAHEP: IX. A. 3. Recognize the importance of local, state and federal legislation and regulations in the practice setting Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 01-03 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Drug Standards

116. Which is a category into which all drugs must fall? __X__ Controlled substances __X__ Over-the-counter __X__ Prescription _____ Health maintenance

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

Chapter 02 Principles of Drug Action

Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which term describes the passage of a drug from the site of administration into the bloodstream? A. Absorption B. Distribution C. Metabolism D. Excretion Absorption is the passage of a drug from the site of administration into the bloodstream.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 02-01 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Drug Action Topic: Pharmacokinetics

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

2. Which term describes the transportation of a drug from the bloodstream to the body tissues and intended site of action? A. Absorption B. Distribution C. Metabolism D. Excretion Distribution is the transportation of a drug from the bloodstream to the body tissues and intended site of action.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 02-01 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Drug Action Topic: Pharmacokinetics

3. Which describes a series of chemical reactions that inactivate a drug by converting it to a water-soluble compound? A. Absorption B. Distribution C. Metabolism D. Excretion Metabolism is a series of chemical reactions that inactivate a drug by converting it to a watersoluble compound.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 02-01 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Drug Action Topic: Pharmacokinetics

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

4. Which term describes the body's way of removing the waste products of ordinary cell processes? A. Absorption B. Distribution C. Metabolism D. Excretion Removing the waste from the body is called excretion.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 02-01 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Drug Action Topic: Pharmacokinetics

5. Which statement describes the action that antihistamines have on the body? A. Slow the body's natural reactions to irritation B. Speed up the energy-producing functions of cells C. Destroy parts of cells D. Replace natural substances that the body lacks Antihistamines are drugs that slow the body's response to irritation.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 02-01 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Drug Action Topic: Pharmacokinetics

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

6. Which statement describes the action that stimulants have on the body? A. Slows the body's natural reactions to irritation B. Speeds up the energy-producing functions of cells C. Destroys parts of cells D. Replaces natural substances that the body lacks Stimulants speed up the energy-producing functions of cells.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 02-01 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Drug Action Topic: Pharmacokinetics

7. Which statement describes the action that insulin has on the body? A. Slows the body's natural reactions to irritation B. Speeds up the energy-producing functions of cells C. Destroys parts of cells D. Replaces natural substances that the body lacks Insulin is prescribed when the pancreas is unable to produce insulin (an natural substance produced by the body) to maintain normal blood glucose levels.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 02-01 Level of Difficulty: Medium Topic: Drug Action Topic: Pharmacokinetics

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

8. Which statement describes the action that antibiotics have on the body? A. Slow the body's natural reactions to irritation B. Speed up the energy-producing functions of cells C. Destroy parts of cells D. Replace natural substances that the body lacks Destruction of parts of cells describes the action of antibiotics.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 02-01 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Drug Action Topic: Pharmacokinetics

9. Age, size, sex, and genetics are factors that affect: A. drug excretion. B. drug metabolism. C. drug action. D. drug distribution. Drug action is affected by age, size, sex, and genetics.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 02-02 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Factors Affecting Drug Action

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

10. The route of administration, the time of day the drug is administered, diet, and environmental conditions are all factors that affect: A. drug excretion. B. drug metabolism. C. drug action. D. drug distribution. The route of administration, the time of day the drug is administered, diet, and environmental conditions are all factors that play a role in drug action.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 02-02 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Factors Affecting Drug Action

11. Which statement describes how a healthcare worker can create a positive attitude in patients who are undergoing medication therapy? A. Review with the patient the important reasons for taking the medication. B. Treat the patient in a cheerful and caring manner. C. Maintain your own positive, confident attitude. D. All answers are correct. Creating a positive attitude in a patient can be done by reviewing with the patient the medication, treating the patient in a cheerful and caring manner, and maintaining your own confident attitude.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 02-02 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Factors Affecting Drug Action

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

12. Which describe the effect of a drug that is mainly limited to the area where it is applied or enters the body? A. Side effect B. Local effect C. Systemic effect D. Therapeutic effect Drugs are given for their local effects when they are applied to where they enter the body or are applied to the body.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 02-02 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Factors Affecting Drug Action

13. Which describe the effect of a drug that must travel through the bloodstream to affect cells or tissues in various parts of the body? A. Side effect B. Local effect C. Systemic effect D. Therapeutic effect A drug that travels through the bloodstream to affect cells or various tissues in the body is given for its systemic effect.

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

14. Which describe the desired effect of a drug, or the reason the drug is administered? A. Side effect B. Local effect C. Systemic effect D. Therapeutic effect Therapeutic effect is the result of a drug given for its desired effect, or reason the drug is administered.

15. Which describe additional effects on the body that are not part of the goal of drug therapy? A. Side effects B. Local effects C. Systemic effects D. Therapeutic effects Side effects describe the additional effects on the body that are not part of the goal of drug therapy.

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

16. Which term describes the interaction of two drugs to inhibit or cancel each other's effect? A. Synergism B. Potentiation C. Antagonism D. Idiosyncrasy Antagonism is the interaction of two drugs that inhibit or cancel each other's effect.

17. Which term describes a drug interaction in which the effect of two drugs in combination is greater than the effect of each drug given separately? A. Synergism B. Potentiation C. Antagonism D. Idiosyncrasy Synergism is the effect of two drugs given in combination for the greater effect both give than when they are given separately.

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

18. Which term describes the drug interaction that occurs when two drugs are administered at the same time, and one drug increases the effect of the other? A. Synergism B. Potentiation C. Antagonism D. Idiosyncrasy Potentiation is when the effect of one drug is greater after being administered with another drug.

19. Psychological drug dependence is: A. a drive or craving to take a drug to relieve discomfort. B. a physical need for a drug. C. the self-administration of a drug in chronically excessive quantities. D. a problem with people who take their own medications at home. A drive or craving to take a drug to relieve discomfort is called psychological drug dependence.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 02-05 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Drug Dependence or Drug Abuse

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

20. Physical drug dependence is: A. a drive or craving to take a drug to relieve discomfort. B. a physical need for a drug. C. the self-administration of a drug in chronically excessive quantities. D. a problem with people who take their own medications at home. When a patient has a physical dependency on a drug, there is a physical need for the drug.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 02-05 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Drug Dependence or Drug Abuse

21. Withdrawal symptoms can occur as a result of: A. physical drug dependence. B. psychological drug dependence. C. drug misuse. D. drug side effects. When a patient has a physical dependency on a drug, withdrawal symptoms occur when the drug is taken away.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 02-05 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Drug Dependence or Drug Abuse

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

22. Which of the following are examples of drugs that are commonly abused? A. Caffeine, nicotine, alcohol B. Barbiturates, depressants, stimulants C. Anabolic steroids, sedatives, hypnotics D. All answers are correct Caffeine, nicotine, alcohol, barbiturates, depressants, stimulants, anabolic steroids, sedatives, and hypnotics are commonly abused drugs.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 02-05 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Drug Dependence or Drug Abuse

23. Which statement describes the healthcare worker's responsibilities with respect to the administration of drugs? A. The healthcare worker is expected to be aware of possible adverse drug reactions, drug dependence, and the improper use of drugs. B. The healthcare worker must consult his or her supervisor when drug abuse is suspected. C. The healthcare worker must keep medicines locked up when not in use. D. All answers are correct. The healthcare worker's responsibility in the administration of drugs is to be aware of possible adverse drug reactions, drug dependence, and the improper use of drugs. The healthcare worker must also consult his or her supervisor when drug abuse is suspected, and keep medications locked up when not in use.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 02-05 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Drug Dependence or Drug Abuse

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

24. Which describes why pain medications are prescribed? A. For the local effect they provide B. For the systemic effect they provide C. For the side effects they provide D. For the cumulative effects they provide Pain medications are prescribed for their systemic effect because travel to various parts of the body through the bloodstream.

25. The ability of a drug to cross the cell membrane and the rate at which it can do so affects which of the following? A. Pharmacokinetics B. Tolerance C. Side effects D. Therapeutic effect Pharmacokinetics affects the ability of a drug to cross the cell membrane and the rate at which it can do so. Pharmacokinetics is the study of a drug during absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 02-01 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Drug Action Topic: Pharmacokinetics

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

26. How quickly and completely a drug is absorbed into the bloodstream affects which of the following? A. Drug action B. Drug tolerance C. Drug toxicity D. Drug dependence Drug action affects how quickly and completely a drug is absorbed into the bloodstream.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 02-02 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Factors Affecting Drug Action

27. Which route of administration provides the fastest and most dependable absorption of a drug? A. Oral B. Intramuscular C. Buccal D. Intravenous The fastest way to administer drugs is intravenously.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Analyze CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 02-02 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Factors Affecting Drug Action

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

28. Which is an example of a drug that is administered through the sublingual route? A. Ibuprofen B. Nitroglycerin C. Epinephrine D. Demerol Nitroglycerin is a drug administered by the sublingual route.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Analyze CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 02-02 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Factors Affecting Drug Action

29. Bactrim is considered a long-lasting antibiotic for which reason? A. Bactrim collects in drug reservoirs. B. Bactrim is absorbed very slowly. C. Bactrim is prescribed for 7 to 10 days. D. Bactrim resists metabolism. Bactrim is a long-lasting antibiotic because it is absorbed very slowly.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Analyze CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 02-02 Level of Difficulty: Difficult Topic: Factors Affecting Drug Action

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

30. The process in which enzymes break down a drug is called? A. Absorption B. Distribution C. Metabolism D. Excretion Metabolism occurs when enzymes break down a drug.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 02-01 Level of Difficulty: Medium Topic: Drug Action Topic: Pharmacokinetics

31. In which organ does most of the metabolism and detoxification of drugs take place? A. Kidneys B. Stomach C. Liver D. Colon Most of the detoxification and metabolism of drugs takes place in the liver.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 02-01 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Drug Action Topic: Pharmacokinetics

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

32. The chemical composition of a drug, the rate of metabolism, and how often a drug is administered all affect? A. Absorption B. Distribution C. Detoxification D. Excretion The chemical composition of a drug, the rate of metabolism, and how often a drug is administered all affect excretion.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 02-01 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Drug Action Topic: Pharmacokinetics

33. Which are used to calculate proper adult dose? A. Age and body weight B. Body mass index and percentage of body fat C. Lean body mass and height D. Body surface area and muscle mass Age and body weight are used in a specific formula to calculate the proper adult dose.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 02-02 Level of Difficulty: Medium Topic: Factors Affecting Drug Action

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

34. Which decreases the effect of Coumadin on blood clotting? A. Milk products B. Green leafy vegetables C. Mineral oil D. Antacids Green leafy vegetables that are rich in vitamin K decrease the effects of Coumadin on blood clotting.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 02-02 Level of Difficulty: Medium Topic: Factors Affecting Drug Action

35. Which is an inactive substance that has no pharmacological effect but can make a patient feel better? A. Placebo B. Palliative drug C. Legend drug D. Supplement A placebo is an inactive substance that has no pharmacological effect but may make a patient feel better.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Analyze CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 02-02 Level of Difficulty: Medium Topic: Factors Affecting Drug Action

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

36. Which will cause drugs that are taken orally to be absorbed more quickly? A. Gastrointestinal tract free of food B. Increased fluid intake C. Exercise D. Good oral hygiene The gastrointestinal tract that is free of food will cause drugs that are taken orally to be absorbed more quickly.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 02-02 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Factors Affecting Drug Action

37. Which can occur with older adults who see multiple doctors and are prescribed multiple drugs? A. Drug toxicity B. Cumulative effect C. Drug interactions D. Drug tolerance Drug interactions can occur with older adults who see multiple doctors and are prescribed multiple drugs. Each provider may be unaware of what the other is prescribing.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Analyze CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 02-02 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Factors Affecting Drug Action

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

38. Which is a side effect of aspirin therapy? A. Stomach irritation B. Constipation C. Rash D. Urine retention Stomach irritation or pain is a side effect of aspirin.

39. When observing a patient's reaction to a drug that has been administered, determine whether you are seeing the drug's therapeutic effect or a: A. side effect. B. systemic effect. C. drug effect. D. local effect. When observing a patient after a medication has been administered, evaluate whether the patient is having a therapeutic drug effect or a side effect.

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

40. Constriction of the bronchial muscle, edema of the pharynx and larynx, severe wheezing, and dyspnea are symptoms of which of the following? A. Drug overdose B. Anaphylaxis C. Enzyme deficiency D. Drug toxicity Constriction of the bronchial muscle, edema of the pharynx and larynx, severe wheezing, and dyspnea are all symptoms of anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis is an extreme hypersensitivity reaction to a previously encountered antigen.

41. What is the recommended treatment when a patient presents with an idiosyncratic response to a drug? A. Increase ordered medication B. Continue medication C. Stop medication D. Decrease ordered dose Idiosyncrasy is an abnormal or peculiar response to certain drugs and is thought to be caused by an abnormal metabolism of drugs as the result of an enzyme deficiency.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Analyze CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 02-05 Level of Difficulty: Medium Topic: Drug Dependence or Drug Abuse

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

42. Drugs such as opiates, nitrates, and barbiturates frequently produce? A. Toxicity B. Potentiation C. Tolerance D. Synergism Tolerance to a drug is the increased larger dose of a drug to produce the same effects. This occurs with drugs such as opiates, nitrates, and barbiturates.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 02-05 Level of Difficulty: Medium Topic: Drug Dependence or Drug Abuse

43. Which can be used to reverse overdose symptoms? A. Placebo B. Antidote C. Histamine D. Antihistamine An antidote may be a drug that is given to reverse the effect or overdose of another drug.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Analyze CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 02-05 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Drug Dependence or Drug Abuse

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

44. Patients who take sedatives are advised to avoid drinking alcohol to avoid the possibility of? A. Antagonism B. Synergism C. Potentiation D. Toxicity Potentiation occurs when drugs such as sedatives and alcohol are both taken. The result is an increased effect as one drug increases the effect of the other.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 02-01 Level of Difficulty: Medium Topic: Drug Action Topic: Pharmacokinetics

45. The process whereby antacids and iron supplements work against the absorption of the antibiotic tetracycline is described as? A. Antagonism B. Synergism C. Potentiation D. Idiosyncrasy When both antacids or iron supplements and tetracycline are given, antagonism occurs, which means the two drugs inhibit or cancel each other's effect.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 02-01 Level of Difficulty: Medium Topic: Drug Action Topic: Pharmacokinetics

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

46. Which term refers to the self-administration of a drug in chronically excessive quantities, resulting in a psychological or physical dependence? A. Drug abuse B. Drug overuse C. Drug self-use D. Drug tolerance When a patient takes a drug chronically in excessive quantities, it results in drug abuse or a psychological or physical dependence.

ABHES: 6. d. Properly utilize Physician's Desk Reference (PDR), drug handbook and other drug references to identify a drug's classification, usual dosage, usual side effects, and contraindications Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Analyze CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 02-05 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Drug Dependence or Drug Abuse

Fill in the Blank Questions 47. The energy-producing functions of cells are sped up by ____________________. stimulants Stimulants speed up the energy-producing functions of cells.

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

48. The body's natural reaction to irritation is ____________________ by antihistamines. depressed Antihistamines depress the body's natural reaction to irritation.

49. The passage of a drug from the site of administration into the bloodstream is called ________________. absorption Absorption is the passage of a drug from the site of administration into the bloodstream.

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

50. The transportation of a drug from the bloodstream to the body tissues and intended site of action is called _________________. distribution Distribution is the transportation of a drug from the bloodstream to the body tissues and intended site of action.

51. The series of chemical reactions that inactivate a drug by converting it into a watersoluble compound so that it can be excreted by the body is termed ___________________. metabolism Metabolism is a series of chemical reactions that inactivate a drug by converting it into a water-soluble compound so that it can be excreted.

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

52. The body's way of removing the waste products of ordinary cell processes is termed __________________ excretion Excretion is the body's way of removing the waste products of ordinary cell processes.

53. Smaller doses and different drugs are required in treating young or older adult patients. This is an example of how _____________ is a factor that affects drug action. age Age affects drug action through smaller doses and different drugs that are required in treating young or older adult patients.

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

54. To diminish the unpleasant effects of drugs secreted through saliva, the patient should be educated to chew ______________ or suck hard candy. gum Instruct the patient to chew gum or suck on hard candy to diminish the unpleasant effects of drugs that are secreted through the saliva.

55. Combining certain drugs with certain foods can alter the drugs' effects. This is an example of the effect that a person's ___________ has on drug action. diet Certain drugs when combined with certain foods can alter the drug's effects. This is an example of the effect that a person's diet has on drug action.

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

56. Because some drugs may harm the fetus, ______________________ women must be extremely careful about taking any medication, and must avoid taking medications without first consulting their physician. pregnant Pregnant women should be instructed to avoid taking any medication without first consulting their physician because some drugs harm the fetus.

57. Each person's individual makeup causes slight differences in basic processes like metabolism and excretion. This is an example of the effect that ______________ has on drug action. genetics Genetics has an effect on drug action. For example, each individual's makeup causes slight differences in basic processes like metabolism and excretion.

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

58. Diseases of the liver and kidneys can have an important effect on the processing and elimination of drugs. This is an example of how _________________________ affect drug action. pathological conditions Pathological conditions may affect drug action. An example is diseases of the liver and kidneys that affect the processing and elimination of drugs.

59. A patient's mental state is an important factor in the success or failure of drug therapy. This is an example of the effect __________________________________ have on drug action. psychological factors Psychological factors such as the patient's mental state are important in the success or failure of drug therapy.

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

60. A(n) ______________________ is an inactive substance that has no pharmacological effects but may make a patient with a positive attitude "feel better." placebo A placebo is an inactive substance that has no pharmacological effect but the patient may express a sense of well-being.

61. As a member of the healthcare team, you can influence a patient's response to medication by creating a(n) _______________________ attitude in the patient. positive A positive attitude in the patient may influence a patient's response to medication.

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

62. Drugs are absorbed, distributed, and metabolized differently when given by different _________________. routes Routes of drug administration affect drug action.

63. A drug will act most quickly when it is __________________ into the bloodstream. injected The fastest administered drug via intravenous route is injected into the bloodstream.

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

64. The route of administration resulting in the longest time for drugs to show their effects is the _______________ route. oral Orally administered drugs result in the longest time for drugs to show their effects.

65. When possible, drugs that make a patient sleepy are ordered to be taken at bedtime. This is an example of the effect ________________ has on drug action. time of administration Time of administration affects how the patient feels. For example, to avoid sleepiness, administer certain drugs at bedtime.

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

66. Drugs that are taken orally are absorbed most quickly if the gastrointestinal tract is free of _______________. food Oral drugs administered when the stomach is free of food are absorbed more quickly.

67. When drugs collect in the body and produce an increased response, it is termed a(n) ______________________ effect of drug action. cumulative A cumulative effect occurs when a drug collects in the body and produces an increased effect.

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

68. When a patient is less responsive to a drug after repeated doses, it is termed drug __________________. tolerance A tolerance builds up when a need for a high dose of a medication is necessary to produce the same physical and psychological effect.

69. If a patient has a drug _________________, it must be clearly marked on the front of the chart with a bright sticker. allergy A patient's drug allergy must be marked on the front of the patient's chart.

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

70. Older adult patients often see several doctors who prescribe what is needed in a patient's particular case. Multiple doctors and multiple drugs can lead to serious drug ____________________. interactions Drug interactions may occur when older patients are prescribed drugs by several doctors.

71. Heat relaxes the blood vessels and speeds up the circulation, so drugs act faster. This is an example of the effect that _______________________ conditions have on drug action. environmental Environmental conditions affect drug action by heat relaxing the blood vessels and speeding up the circulation.

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

72. Drug __________________ refers to the chemical changes the drug produces in cells and tissues. action Drug action refers to the<<change back to original>>. with chemical changes the drug produces <<change back to original>>. in cells and tissues.

73. The combination of biological, physical, and psychological changes that take place in the body as a result of the drug action is termed the drug _________________. effect A drug may bring about a combination of biological, physical, and psychological changes termed the drug effect.

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

74. The desired effect, or the reason a drug is administered, is termed the _____________________ effect. therapeutic A therapeutic effect is the desired or predicted physiological response caused by a drug.

75. Additional effects that drugs have on the body that are not part of the goal of drug therapy are termed _______________________ effects. side Side effects are effects not part of the goal of therapy.

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

76. Aspirin, taken orally, is beneficial for the treatment of arthritis, but tends to irritate the lining of the stomach. This side effect is controlled by giving the drug with milk or ____________. food Certain drugs taken without food may upset the stomach. For example, aspirin irritates the stomach if taken without food, but may be better tolerated when taken with food or milk.

77. Some drugs mainly affect the area where they enter or are applied to the body, for example, eye drops and sunburn creams. This is an example of the ________________ effects of drugs. local Local drugs are given for their local effects and mainly affect the area where they enter or are applied to the body, such as sunburn creams or eyedrops.

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

78. Pain medications that must travel through the bloodstream to affect cells or tissues in other parts of the body are an example of drugs given for their _____________________ effects. systemic Systemic drug effects occur when they enter the bloodstream and affect cells and tissues in other parts of the body.

79. Occasionally, the body has an unexpected or dangerous response to a drug. These unexpected conditions are called ___________________ reactions. adverse Adverse reactions occur from a drug when intended or undesirable effects occur.

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

80. A drug ______________ is an abnormal response that occurs because a person has developed antibodies against a particular drug. allergy When a patient has a drug allergy, an abnormal response may occur when antibodies develop against a particular drug.

81. ___________________ is a substance released by injured cells that is responsible for the symptoms usually seen in allergic reactions. Histamine Histamine is released by injured cells usually seen in allergic reactions.

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

82. A substance (for example, a drug) that stimulates the production of antibodies and causes allergic reaction is termed a(n) _________________. antigen An antigen is a substance that stimulates production of antibodies and causes an allergic reaction.

83. A(n) ______________________ is a substance produced in the body that helps the body fight off foreign invaders like microorganisms and antigens. antibody An antibody is a substance produced in the body to fight off foreign invaders like microorganisms and antigens.

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

84. An extreme, possibly life-threatening, hypersensitivity reaction to a previously encountered antigen is termed _____________________. anaphylaxis Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction to a previously encountered antigen.

85. ______________________ are abnormal or peculiar responses that people may have to certain drugs. Idiosyncrasies An abnormal or peculiar response to a drug is an idiosyncrasy.

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

86. Drug ___________________ is the need for an increasingly larger dose of a drug in order to produce the same physiological or psychological effect. tolerance Drug tolerance is the need for a larger dose of a drug to produce the same physiological or psychological effect.

87. When the body cannot metabolize and excrete one dose of a drug completely before the next dose is given, a(n) ________________________ effect occurs. cumulative A cumulative effect occurs when a body cannot metabolize and excrete a drug before the next dose.

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

88. A(n) __________________ is a dose of a medication that is too large for a patient's age, size, or physical condition. overdose An overdose is a dose of medication that is too large for a patient's age, size, or physical condition.

89. ___________________ refers to a drug's ability to poison the body. Toxicity Toxicity occurs when the body is poisoned by a drug.

90. A(n) ______________________ is a drug that has an opposite effect and can reverse the overdose symptoms. antidote An antidote is a drug that has an opposite effect and can reverse the overdose symptoms.

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

91. When one drug modifies the action of another drug, it is termed a drug ________________________. interaction Drug interaction occurs when a drug modifies the action of another drug.

92. When two drugs administered together produce a more powerful response than the effect of each drug given separately, it is called ___________________. synergism Synergism occurs when two drugs are administered together to produce a more powerful response than when each drug is given separately.

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

93. ____________________ occurs when two drugs are administered at the same time, and one drug increases the effect of the other drug. Potentiation Potentiation is when two drugs are given at the same time and one drug increases the effect of the other drug.

94. A drug interaction in which two drugs inhibit or cancel each other's effect is called ____________________. antagonism Antagonism occurs when two drugs inhibit or cancel each other's effect.

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

95. Drug ______________________ is a strong psychological or physical need to take a certain drug. dependence Drug dependence is a strong psychological or physical need to take a certain drug.

96. When a person has a drive or craving to take a certain drug for pleasure or to relieve discomfort, he or she is experiencing ______________________ drug dependence. psychological Psychological drug dependence is when a person has a drive or craving to take a certain drug for pleasure or to relieve discomfort.

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

97. In _____________________ drug dependence, the body grows so accustomed to the drug that it needs it to function. physical Physical drug dependence occurs when the body grows so accustomed to the drug that it needs it to function.

98. ___________________ symptoms are a set of physical reactions that occur when a person stops taking a drug on which he or she is physically dependent. Withdrawal Withdrawal symptoms are a set of physical reactions that occur when a person stops taking a drug on which he or she is physically dependent.

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

99. Drug ____________________ refers to self-administration of a drug in chronically excessive quantities, resulting in a psychological or physical dependence. abuse Drug abuse is the self-administration of a drug in chemically excessive qualities resulting in a psychological or physical dependence.

100. The overuse or careless use of any drug is termed drug ___________________. misuse Drug misuse is the overuse or careless use of any drug.

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

Essay Questions 101. State the four main drug actions. Answers will vary Feedback: Depressing or stimulating cell function, destroying cells, and replacing substances are the four basic drug actions.

102. Name the four body processes that affect drug action. Answers will vary Feedback: Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion are the four body processes affecting drug action.

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

103. Identify 10 factors influencing drug action. Answers will vary Feedback: Drug actions are affected by age, size, diet, sex, genetics, pathological conditions, psychological factors, route of administration, the time of day the drug is administered, and environmental conditions.

104. Differentiate between systemic and local drug effects. Answers will vary Feedback: Systemic drugs travel through the bloodstream to affect cells or tissues in various parts of the body. Local drugs are given for their local effects, and affect where they enter or are applied to the body.

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

105. State the difference between the therapeutic effect and side effects of a drug. Answers will vary Feedback: The therapeutic effect of a drug is the desired effect or the reason the drug is administered. Side effects are the effects on the body that are not part of the goal of drug therapy.

106. Define synergism. Answers will vary Feedback: Synergism is a drug interaction in which the effect of two drugs in combination has a greater action. For example, two blood pressure drugs may be given because the effect of the two drugs more successfully lowers the blood pressure.

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

107. Define antagonism. Answers will vary Feedback: Antagonism is when two drugs taken together inhibit or cancel the other's effect. For example, antacids and iron supplements should not be taken by a patient prescribed tetracycline because they decrease the absorption of tetracycline.

108. Define potentiation. Answers will vary Feedback: Potentiation is when one drug increases the effect of the other such as when alcohol is given with sedatives. The sedatives have a much greater effect.

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

109. Explain the difference between psychological and physical drug dependence. Answers will vary Feedback: Psychological dependence occurs when a patient has a drive or craving to take a certain drug for pleasure or to relieve discomfort. No physical symptoms occur if the drug is taken away; however, the patient may feel anxious about not having the drug. Physical drug dependence occurs when the body grows so accustomed to the drug that if it is withdrawn, the patient may develop withdrawal symptoms such as extreme physical discomfort.

110. List five commonly abused drugs. Answers will vary Feedback: Commonly abused drugs include anabolic steroids, barbiturates, nicotine, alcohol, sedatives, depressants, marijuana, amphetamines, LSD, narcotics, opium, and cocaine.

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

111. State the healthcare worker's responsibilities with regard to adverse reactions of drugs, dependence, and drug abuse. Answers will vary Feedback: When adverse reactions, dependence, or drug abuse occur, healthcare workers are expected to be aware of possible reactions and to notify their supervisor as soon as they notice any sign of an adverse reaction. When drug abuse is suspected, their primary responsibility is to consult the nurse in charge. Medications must be locked up, and the healthcare worker must watch for signs of drug dependence and improper use of drugs.

Check All That Apply Questions 112. Which one of the four processes affects drug action? __X__ Absorption. __X__ Metabolism __X__ Distribution _____ Potentiation

Chapter 02 - Principles of Drug Action

113. Which is a way a drug interacts with the normal processes carried on by body cells? __X__ The size and shape of drug molecules __X__ The ability of drugs to dissolve in water or fat __X__ The pH balance of drugs and cells _____ The route of administration

114. An increased risk of toxicity from exposures to high doses of a drug is associated with which g patient type? __X__ Older adult patient __X__ Pediatric patient __X__ Patient with kidney disease _____ Pregnant patient

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

Chapter 03 Measurement and Dosage Calculations

Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which term describes a way of expressing an amount that is part of a whole? A. Roman numeral B. Numerator C. Fraction D. Centimeter A fraction describes a way of expressing an amount that is part of a whole.

ABHES: 3. c. Apply various medical terms for each specialty Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: 6. c. 2. Identify appropriate abbreviations that are accepted in prescription writing Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 03-01 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Math Review: Fractions

2. Which term describes the number of parts you are taking of the whole? A. Denominator B. Numerator C. Sum D. Fraction The numerator describes the top number of a fraction. It is the number of parts you are taking of the whole.

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

3. In the fraction 3/5, the number 5 is the: A. numerator. B. denominator. C. base. D. sum. The denominator in the fraction 3/5 is 5. The denominator is the bottom of a fraction.

4. Which statement describes how to reduce a fraction? A. Divide the numerator by the denominator. B. Divide the denominator by the numerator. C. Divide both the numerator and the denominator by the largest number that will go into them evenly. D. Divide both the numerator and the denominator by the smallest number that will go into them evenly. Dividing both the numerator and the denominator by the largest number that will go into them evenly describes how to reduce a fraction.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. C. 1. Demonstrate knowledge of basic math computations Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 03-01 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Math Review: Fractions

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

5. When doing calculations, mixed numbers must be changed to: A. proper fractions. B. improper fractions. C. lowest terms. D. whole digits. Mixed numbers must be changed to improper fractions when doing calculations.

6. Which is an example of an improper fraction? A. 4/5 B. 5/4 C. 1 1/5 D. 1.75 The size of the numerator is greater than or equal to the value of the denominator in an improper fraction. The fraction 5/4 is an example.

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

7. Which is an example of a proper fraction? A. 2/3 B. 3/2 C. 1 2/3 D. 1.33 When the value of the numerator is less than the value of the denominator, it is a proper fraction. The fraction 2/3 is an example.

8. Which is an example of a mixed number? A. 3/4 B. 4/3 C. 1 1/2 D. 1.5 A mixed number is written with both a whole number and a fraction. The fraction 1 1/2 is an example.

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

9. Which statement describes how to multiply fractions? A. Multiply numerator by numerator and denominator by denominator. B. Multiply numerator by denominator and denominator by numerator. C. Multiply numerator by denominator and numerator by denominator. D. Multiply denominator by numerator and numerator by denominator. The proper method to multiply a fraction is to multiply the numerator by the denominator.

10. Which statement describes how to multiply a fraction by a whole number? A. Multiply the whole number by the denominator of the fraction. B. Multiply the whole number by the numerator of the fraction. C. First change an improper fraction to a mixed number, and then multiply by the denominator. D. First change a mixed number to an improper fraction, and then multiply by the numerator. The proper method to multiply a fraction by a whole number is to multiply the whole number by the numerator of the fraction.

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

11. Which statement describes how to cancel fractions? A. Divide the denominator of one fraction and the numerator of the opposite fraction by the same number. B. Divide the denominator and numerator of the same fraction with the same number. C. Divide the denominator and numerator of the opposite fraction by the same number. D. Divide the numerator by the denominator of both fractions. The proper way to cancel a fraction is to divide the fraction and the numerator of the opposite fraction by the same number.

12. Which statement describes how to divide fractions? A. Put the numerator on the bottom, the denominator on top, then multiply the two fractions. B. Divide the denominator by the numerator, then multiply the two fractions. C. Divide the numerator by the denominator, then multiply the two fractions. D. Invert both fractions and then multiply them. The proper way to divide fractions is to invert the divisor, then multiple the two fractions.

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

13. When working with metric numbers, fractions are expressed as: A. improper fractions. B. decimals. C. whole numbers. D. minims. Fractions are expressed as decimals when working with metric numbers.

14. Which is the metric equivalent of the fraction 1/4? A. 0.10 B. 0.25 C. 0.50 D. 0.75 The metric equivalent of the fraction 1/4 is 0.25.

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

15. Which describe how to change a common fraction to a decimal fraction? A. Divide the denominator by the numerator. B. Divide the numerator by the denominator. C. Divide the whole number 1 by the numerator. D. Divide the whole number 1 by the denominator. The proper way to change a common fraction to a decimal fraction is by dividing the numerator by the denominator.

16. Which is the correct answer to the following multiplication problem: 1.5  0.35? A. 0.525 B. 5.25 C. 52.5 D. 525 1.5  0.35 = 0.525. When deciding where the decimal point goes, look at the original problem and count the total number of places shown to the right of the decimal points in the two numbers. Starting from the last digit of the answer, count that many places to the left, and place the decimal directly after that digit.

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

17. Which term describes the different amounts of a drug that can produce therapeutic effects? A. Maintenance range B. Therapeutic range C. Dosage range D. Administration range The dosage range refers to the different amounts of a drug that can produce therapeutic effects.

ABHES: 3. c. Apply various medical terms for each specialty Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: 6. c. 2. Identify appropriate abbreviations that are accepted in prescription writing Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 03-02 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Systems of Measurement

18. Which term means to change from one unit or system of measurement to another? A. Reduce B. Simplify C. Convert D. Cancel To convert means to change from one unit of measurement to another.

ABHES: 3. c. Apply various medical terms for each specialty Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: 6. c. 2. Identify appropriate abbreviations that are accepted in prescription writing Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 03-02 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Systems of Measurement

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

19. Which system of measurement is based on units of 10? A. Apothecary system B. Household system C. Metric system D. International unit system The system of measurement that is based on units of 10 is the metric system.

ABHES: 3. c. Apply various medical terms for each specialty Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: 6. c. 2. Identify appropriate abbreviations that are accepted in prescription writing Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 03-02 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Systems of Measurement

20. Which are the basic units of metric measurement? A. Minim, fluidram, fluid ounce B. Pint, quart, gallon C. Meter, liter, gram D. Fahrenheit, Celsius, Kelvin Meter, liter, and gram are the basic units of metric measurement.

ABHES: 3. c. Apply various medical terms for each specialty Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: 6. c. 2. Identify appropriate abbreviations that are accepted in prescription writing Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 03-02 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Systems of Measurement

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

21. In the metric system, which units of volume is most often used in preparing liquid medication? A. Liter B. Milliliter C. Gram D. Kilogram Milliliter (mL) is the unit of volume most often used in the metric system when preparing liquids.

ABHES: 3. c. Apply various medical terms for each specialty Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand CAAHEP: 6. c. 2. Identify appropriate abbreviations that are accepted in prescription writing Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 03-02 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Systems of Measurement

22. How many kilograms (kg) are equivalent to 1 pound (lb)? A. 1 kg B. 1.2 kg C. 2.1 kg D. 2.2 kg 2.2 kg are equivalent to 1 lb.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. C. 1. Demonstrate knowledge of basic math computations Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 03-02 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Systems of Measurement

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

23. Which are used to record fractions of metric doses? A. Proper fractions B. Common fractions C. Decimal fractions D. Improper fractions Decimal fractions are used to record fractions of metric doses.

ABHES: 6. c. 2. Identify appropriate abbreviations that are accepted in prescription writing Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. C. 6. Identify both abbreviations and symbols used in calculating medication dosages Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 03-02 Level of Difficulty: Medium Topic: Systems of Measurement

24. Which statement describes how to convert grams (g) to milligrams (mg)? A. Move the decimal point three spaces to the left. B. Move the decimal point three spaces to the right. C. Move the decimal point two spaces to the left. D. Move the decimal point two spaces to the right. Move the decimal point three spaces to the right when converting grams to milligrams.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand CAAHEP: II. P. 1. Prepare proper dosages of medication for administration Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 03-04 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Converting Among Measurement Systems Topic: Dosage Calculations

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

25. Which equation describes how to convert milligrams to grams? A. mg  1000 g B. mg  1000 g C. 1000 g/mg D. 1000 mg/g mg  1000 g is the equation to convert milligrams to grams or dividing by 1000.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. P. 1. Prepare proper dosages of medication for administration Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 03-04 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Converting Among Measurement Systems Topic: Dosage Calculations

26. Which is the correct metric weight for a person who weighs 165 lb? A. 1650 kg B. 16.5 kg C. 75 kg D. 750 kg A person who weighs 165 lb is equivalent to 75 kg in the metric system.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Apply CAAHEP: II. P. 1. Prepare proper dosages of medication for administration Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 03-04 Level of Difficulty: Difficult Topic: Converting Among Measurement Systems Topic: Dosage Calculations

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

27. Which is the correct equation for converting a Celsius temperature to the Fahrenheit scale? A. ºF = 1.8ºC + 32 B. ºF = 32ºC + 1.8 C. ºF = 1.8ºC - 32 D. ºF = 32ºC - 1.8 1ºF is equal to 1.8ºC plus 32.

28. Which is the metric equivalent of 1 teaspoon (tsp or t)? A. 1 mL B. 4-5 mL C. 15 mL D. 30 mL 4-5 mL is equivalent to 1 tsp.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. C. 5. Convert among measurement systems Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 03-04 Level of Difficulty: Medium Topic: Converting Among Measurement Systems Topic: Dosage Calculations

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

29. Which terms describes a tablet that is bisected by a groove to allow for breakage into halves? A. Bisected B. Scored C. Grooved D. Indented A scored tablet is when the surface is bisected by a groove to allow for breakage into halves.

ABHES: 3. c. Apply various medical terms for each specialty Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: C. 6. Identify both abbreviations and symbols used in calculating medication dosages Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 03-04 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Converting Among Measurement Systems Topic: Dosage Calculations

30. Which describes how to document a number less than 1? A. Place a zero after the last digit. B. Place a zero before the first digit. C. Place a zero before the decimal point. D. Place a zero after the decimal point. Place a zero before the decimal point to document a number less than 1.

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

31. Which describes the proper way to round numbers? A. If the last number is less than 5, round down. B. If the last number is more than 5, round down. C. If the last number is less than 5, round up. D. If the last number is the same as 5, don't round. The proper way to round numbers is when the last number is less than 5, round down.

32. Which is the correct way to calculate medication doses? A. Round medications to the tenth place. B. Round medications to the hundredth place. C. Round medications to the thousandth place. D. Never round medication calculations. The correct way to calculate medication doses is to round to the hundredth place.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: C. 6. Identify both abbreviations and symbols used in calculating medication dosages Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 03-04 Level of Difficulty: Medium Topic: Converting Among Measurement Systems Topic: Dosage Calculations

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

33. Which describes a correct practice to follow when doing medication conversions? A. Convert the smaller unit to the larger unit. B. Convert the smaller unit to an improper fraction. C. Convert the larger unit to the smaller unit. D. Convert the larger unit to an improper fraction. Convert the larger unit to a smaller unit when doing medication conversions.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: C. 6. Identify both abbreviations and symbols used in calculating medication dosages Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 03-04 Level of Difficulty: Medium Topic: Converting Among Measurement Systems Topic: Dosage Calculations

34. Which statement is correct when converting pounds to kilograms? A. Round the pound weight to one decimal place. B. Round the pound weight to two decimal places. C. Round the kilogram weight to one decimal place. D. Round the kilogram weight to two decimal places. When converting pounds to kilograms, round the kilogram weight to one decimal place.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: C. 6. Identify both abbreviations and symbols used in calculating medication dosages Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 03-04 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Converting Among Measurement Systems Topic: Dosage Calculations

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

35. Which is a method used to calculate pediatric doses of medication? A. Age B. Gender C. Body weight D. Height Body weight is used to calculate pediatric doses of medications.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. C. 2. Apply mathematical computations to solve equations Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 03-04 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Converting Among Measurement Systems Topic: Dosage Calculations

36. Which factors is NOT a reason that pediatric doses of medication are different from doses prescribed for adults? A. Infants have a larger percentage of water in the body. B. Children metabolize drugs faster. C. Infants and children have immature physiological responses to absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. D. Infants have an underdeveloped immune system. Pediatric doses are smaller than adult doses but may be proportionally larger per kilogram of body weight as compared to an adult dose. Infants less than 1 year have a larger percentage of water in the body and a decreased ability to absorb water-soluble drugs. Children also metabolize drugs faster, and because their bodies are constantly changing, children have immature physiological responses to absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. P. 1. Prepare proper dosages of medication for administration Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 03-04 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Converting Among Measurement Systems Topic: Dosage Calculations

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

37. Which age ranges still falls under pediatric dose guidelines? A. 10-18 years of age B. 13-18 years of age C. 15-18 years of age D. 16-18 years of age Children 13-18 years of age are often confused as adults. This is a dangerous assumption because their bodies are still immature and have unpredictable growth and hormonal spurts. Because of these facts, pediatric calculation methods should still be used.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. P. 1. Prepare proper dosages of medication for administration Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 03-04 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Converting Among Measurement Systems Topic: Dosage Calculations

38. Which unit is used to calculate body surface area (BSA)? A. Centimeters squared B. Kilograms squared C. Meters squared D. Pounds squared Meters squared (m2) are used to calculate body surface area.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. C. 2. Apply mathematical computations to solve equations Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 03-04 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Converting Among Measurement Systems Topic: Dosage Calculations

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

39. Which is a graphic device showing the relationship between numerical values designed to estimate the body surface of a child according to height and weight? A. Nomogram B. BSA graph C. Drug dose grid D. Pediatric weight graph A nomogram is a graphic device used to show the relationship between numerical values designed for healthcare professionals in pediatrics to estimate the body surface of a child according to height and weight.

ABHES: 3. c. Apply various medical terms for each specialty Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: 6. c. 2. Identify appropriate abbreviations that are accepted in prescription writing Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 03-04 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Converting Among Measurement Systems Topic: Dosage Calculations

40. When using a nomogram, a straight line is drawn from which of the following to find a child's BSA? A. BMI, height B. Age, weight C. Height, weight D. Growth percentile, height A straight line is drawn from a child's height and weight when using a nomogram to find the BSA.

ABHES: 3. c. Apply various medical terms for each specialty Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand CAAHEP: 6. c. 2. Identify appropriate abbreviations that are accepted in prescription writing Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 03-04 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Converting Among Measurement Systems Topic: Dosage Calculations

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

41. Which term describes the calibration of IV tubing? A. IV factor B. Drop factor C. Drip factor D. Rate factor The drop factor describes the calibration of IV tubing.

ABHES: 3. c. Apply various medical terms for each specialty Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: 6. c. 2. Identify appropriate abbreviations that are accepted in prescription writing Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 03-06 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Calculating Intravenous Flow Rate

42. Which unit is used to express the drop factor? A. mL per minute B. gtt per mL C. mg per mL D. minim per mL When calculating IVs, gtt per mL is used to express the drop factor.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. P. 1. Prepare proper dosages of medication for administration Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 03-06 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Calculating Intravenous Flow Rate

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

43. Which describes where the drop factor would be found when administering IV fluids? A. On the package insert for the medication B. In a PDR C. On the package containing the tubing D. On the physician's order sheet The drop factor is found on the package containing the tubing when administering IVs.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. P. 1. Prepare proper dosages of medication for administration Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 03-06 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Calculating Intravenous Flow Rate

44. Which is the basic unit of weight in the apothecary system? A. Gram B. Ounce C. Grain D. Minim The basic unit of weight in the apothecary system is the grain (gr).

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. C. 5. Convert among measurement systems Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 03-02 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Systems of Measurement

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

45. Which is the basic unit of volume in the metric system? A. Liter B. Meter C. Gram D. Minim The basic unit of volume in the metric system is the liter (L).

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. C. 5. Convert among measurement systems Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 03-02 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Systems of Measurement

46. Which is the basic unit of length in the metric system? A. Mile B. Foot C. Inch D. Meter The basic unit of length in the metric system is the meter (m).

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. C. 5. Convert among measurement systems Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 03-02 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Systems of Measurement

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

47. Which term describes a system of measurement in which the basic units are the fluid ounce (fl oz) and ounce (oz)? A. Household B. Metric C. Apothecary D. International The fluid ounce (fl oz) and ounce (oz) are the basic units of measurement in the household system. The basic unit of fluid ounce is volume and the basic unit of ounce is weight.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. C. 5. Convert among measurement systems Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 03-02 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Systems of Measurement

48. Which term describes these numbers: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9? A. Roman numerals B. Proper numerals C. Common numerals D. Arabic numerals Arabic numerals describe the numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

49. Which is the boiling point of water on the Celsius temperature scale? A. 0ºC B. 100ºC C. 32ºC D. 212ºC The boiling point of water on the Celsius temperature scale is 100ºC.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. C. 5. Convert among measurement systems Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 03-03 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Temperature Scales

50. Which is the freezing point of water on the Fahrenheit temperature scale? A. 0ºF B. 100ºF C. 32ºF D. 212ºF The freezing point of water on the Fahrenheit temperature scale is 32ºF.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. C. 5. Convert among measurement systems Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 03-06 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Calculating Intravenous Flow Rate

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

51. Which metric units is 1/100th of a meter? A. Centimeter B. Kilometer C. Millimeter D. Decimeter The centimeter is 1/100th of a meter. Adding prefixes to meter, gram, and liter indicate smaller or larger units in the metric system. All units are a result of either multiplying or dividing by 10, 100, or 1000.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. C. 5. Convert among measurement systems Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 03-02 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Systems of Measurement

52. A child who is 20 kg would weigh how many pounds? A. 9 lb B. 18 lb C. 44 lb D. 200 lb A 20-kg child weighs 44 lb. You multiple 20 kg by 2.2 lb to get 44 lb.

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

53. Drops, teaspoons, and tablespoons are examples of units used in which measurement system? A. Household B. Metric C. Apothecary D. Celsius Drops, teaspoons, tablespoons, cups, pints, quarts, and gallons are the units of measurement for the household system.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. C. 5. Convert among measurement systems Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 03-02 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Systems of Measurement

54. Why should a healthcare worker in a doctor's office encourage a patient to obtain accurate measuring utensils from a pharmacy? A. Household utensils vary in size. B. Pharmacy supplies are reimbursed by healthcare insurance plans. C. Pharmacy supplies use standard abbreviations. D. Household supplies are not sterile. Measuring utensils from a pharmacy are accurate measuring utensils. Avoid household utensils such as teaspoons and cups because they vary in size and accuracy. For example, the average teaspoon has 4-5mL more than the standard 5 mL.

ABHES: 6. c. 2. Identify appropriate abbreviations that are accepted in prescription writing Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Apply CAAHEP: C. 6. Identify both abbreviations and symbols used in calculating medication dosages Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 03-02 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Systems of Measurement

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

55. Which is the temperature scale at which water freezes at 32º? A. Fahrenheit B. Celsius C. Kelvin D. Absolute The temperature scale that freezes water at 32º is the Fahrenheit temperature scale.

56. Which is the average normal body temperature range on the Celsius scale? A. 34-36ºC B. 36-38ºC C. 35-37ºC D. 39-39ºC The normal temperature range in Celsius is between 36 and 38ºC.

Fill in the Blank Questions

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

57. Complete the following: Metric system: The basic unit of length is the _________________ which is abbreviated _____. The basic unit of volume is the ___________ which is abbreviated _______. The basic unit of weight is the ___________ which is abbreviated _______. meter; m; liter; L; gram; g The three basic units of measurements are the meter (m), the unit of length; the liter (L), the unit of volume; and the gram (g), the unit of weight.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. C. 5. Convert among measurement systems Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 03-02 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Systems of Measurement

58. When converting among measurement systems a(n) _______________________ error usually occurs in making the conversion. 10 percent When converting between measurements, a 10 percent error usually occurs because equivalents are not exact, they are only approximate.

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

59. All numbers less than 1 must be documented with a(n) ________________ before the decimal point. zero All numbers less than 1 must be documented with a zero before the decimal point. For example, 0.75 mg.

60. A math problem answer must always be labeled with the appropriate ________________________. unit of measure Always label a math problem with the appropriate unit of measure. For example, 60 mL.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. C. 1. Demonstrate knowledge of basic math computations Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 03-02 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Systems of Measurement

61. Calculation guidelines say to round medication calculations to the _______________ place. hundredth Round medication calculations to the hundredth place according to calculation guidelines.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Blooms: Apply CAAHEP: II. C. 1. Demonstrate knowledge of basic math computations Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 03-01 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Math Review: Fractions

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

62. The physician orders 50 mg of a drug to be given orally bid. The available dose of the drug is 100-mg tablets. How many tablets do you administer for each dose? 1/2 tablet 1/2 tablet is the dose to be given when the physician orders 50 mg of a drug to be given orally bid. The available dose is 100-mg tablets. Calculate the problem using this formula: D (desired) = X (what you are solving for) H (on hand) V (vehicle)

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Blooms: Apply CAAHEP: II. C. 2. Apply mathematical computations to solve equations Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 03-04 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Converting Among Measurement Systems Topic: Dosage Calculations

63. Pediatric dosages of drugs are based on children's unique characteristics and constantly changing small bodies. Because of these facts you must consider body __________________, _________________, __________________, ________________, and the general _______________________ of the child. weight; height; age; body surface; overall condition Calculate pediatric dosages of drugs on a child's body weight, height, age, body surface, and general overall condition of the child.

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

64. When administering medications to pediatric patients, you must first determine if a medication dose is within the ______________________. safe range Determine if a medication dose is within the safe range when administering medications to pediatric patients.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. P. 1. Prepare proper dosages of medication for administration Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 03-04 Level of Difficulty: Medium Topic: Converting Among Measurement Systems Topic: Dosage Calculations

65. Infants less than 1 year of age have a lower percentage of ______________ in their body than children of a larger body size and may necessitate a(n) ________________ dose of some drugs because they have a(n) _____________ ability to absorb water-soluble drugs. water; higher; decreased Infants under 1 year of age have a lower percentage of water in their body than children of a larger body size and may necessitate a higher dose of some drugs because they have a decreased ability to absorb water-soluble drugs.

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

66. Because the bodies of infants and children are constantly changing, special care must be taken to prevent __________________ and _________________ reactions. overdoses; toxic As a result of the bodies of infants and children constantly changing, special care must be taken to prevent overdoses and toxic reactions.

67. To administer an IV solution to your patient you will need to know the total _____________ of the IV fluid, the length of ____________________ over which it is to be given, the calibration of the _______________, and the ____________________. volume; time; tubing; flow rate The guidelines of administering an IV solution are to know the total volume of the IV fluid, the length of time over which it is to be given, the calibration of the tubing, and the flow rate.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. P. 1. Prepare proper dosages of medication for administration Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 03-06 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Calculating Intravenous Flow Rate

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

68. Complete the following: Apothecary system: The basic unit of volume is the _________ which is abbreviated _______. The basic unit of weight is the _________ which is abbreviated ______. minim; m; grain; gr In the apothecary system the basic unit of weight is the grain (gr). The basic unit of volume is the minim (m).

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. C. 5. Convert among measurement systems Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 03-02 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Systems of Measurement

69. Complete the following as it applies to medication administration: Household system: The basic unit of weight (dry) is the _________ which is abbreviated _____. The basic unit of weight (liquid) is the _______ which is abbreviated _____. ounce; oz; teaspoon; tsp (or t) In the household system, the basic unit of weight (dry) is the ounce (oz). The unit of volume (liquid) is the teaspoon (tsp or t).

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. C. 5. Convert among measurement systems Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 03-02 Level of Difficulty: Medium Topic: Systems of Measurement

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

70. A standard-sized teaspoon used for medication administration will hold ______________ mL. 5 A standard teaspoon is equivalent to 5 mL.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. C. 5. Convert among measurement systems Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 03-02 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Systems of Measurement

71. One pound is equivalent to ______________ kg. 2.2 One pound is equal to 2.2 kg.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. C. 5. Convert among measurement systems Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 03-02 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Systems of Measurement

72. The Fahrenheit temperature scale defines _______________ as the freezing point of water and ________________ as the boiling point of water. 32; 212 On the Fahrenheit temperature scale the freezing point of water is 32º and the boiling point is 212º.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. C. 5. Convert among measurement systems Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 03-03 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Temperature Scales

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

73. The Celsius temperature scale defines _________________ as the freezing point of water and ________________ as the boiling point of water. 0; 100 On the Celsius temperature scale the freezing point of water is 0º and the boiling the point is 100º.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. C. 1. Demonstrate knowledge of basic math computations Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 03-03 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Temperature Scales

74. When converting a Fahrenheit temperature to the Celsius scale, subtract ________ from the Fahrenheit temperature and then divide that number by __________. 32; 1.8 When converting a Fahrenheit temperature to the Celsius scale, subtract 32 from the Fahrenheit temperature and then divide that number by 1.8.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. C. 1. Demonstrate knowledge of basic math computations Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 03-03 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Temperature Scales

75. To convert a Celsius temperature to the Fahrenheit scale, multiply the Celsius temperature by _______________ and then add _____________. 1.8; 32 When converting Celsius temperature to a Fahrenheit temperature, multiple the Celsius temperature by 1.8 and then add 32.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. C. 5. Convert among measurement systems Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 03-03 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Temperature Scales

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

76. When converting grams to milligrams, __________________ the number of grams by _________________. multiply; 1000 Multiply the number of grams by 1000 when converting grams to milligrams.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. C. 1. Demonstrate knowledge of basic math computations CAAHEP: II. C. 5. Convert among measurement systems Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 03-02 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Systems of Measurement

77. When converting milligrams to grams, __________________ the number of milligrams by ____________. divide; 1000 Divide the number of milligrams by 1000 when converting milligrams to grams.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. C. 1. Demonstrate knowledge of basic math computations Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 03-02 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Systems of Measurement

78. One teaspoon equals ___________ mL. 4-5 One teaspoon is the equivalent of 4-5 mL.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. C. 1. Demonstrate knowledge of basic math computations Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 03-02 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Systems of Measurement

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

79. When a tablet is _____________, you can break it into two halves. scored A groove makes it possible to bisect a scored tablet into two halves.

ABHES: 3. c. Apply various medical terms for each specialty Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. P. 1. Prepare proper dosages of medication for administration Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 03-04 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Converting Among Measurement Systems Topic: Dosage Calculations

80. All numbers less than 1 must be documented with a(n) ___________ before the decimal point. zero Place a zero before the decimal point when the number is less than 1.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. C. 1. Demonstrate knowledge of basic math computations Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 03-01 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Math Review: Fractions

81. A math problem must always be labeled with the appropriate ___________ of measure. unit Always label a math problem with the appropriate unit of measure.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. C. 1. Demonstrate knowledge of basic math computations Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 03-01 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Math Review: Fractions

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

82. All weights must be rounded to the nearest ____________ place. tenth Round all weights to the tenth place.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. C. 1. Demonstrate knowledge of basic math computations Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 03-04 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Converting Among Measurement Systems Topic: Dosage Calculations

83. Round medications to the ____________________ place. hundredth Round medications to the hundredth place.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. C. 1. Demonstrate knowledge of basic math computations Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 03-04 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Converting Among Measurement Systems Topic: Dosage Calculations

84. If the last number in rounding is less than 5, round ____________. down When the last number in rounding is less than 5, round down.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. C. 1. Demonstrate knowledge of basic math computations Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 03-04 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Converting Among Measurement Systems Topic: Dosage Calculations

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

85. If the last number in rounding is greater than 5, round ________. up When the last number in rounding is greater than 5, round up.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. C. 1. Demonstrate knowledge of basic math computations Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 03-04 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Converting Among Measurement Systems Topic: Dosage Calculations

86. When the physician orders a dose of a drug in a different form from that which is available, you will need to ___________ from one unit of measurement to another. convert When a physician orders a dose of a drug in another form from which it is available, convert from one unit of measurement to another.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. C. 5. Convert among measurement systems Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 03-04 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Converting Among Measurement Systems Topic: Dosage Calculations

87. When changing milligrams to grams, the decimal point moves three places to the _________. left Move the decimal point three places to the left when changing milligrams to grams.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. C. 5. Convert among measurement systems Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 03-04 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Converting Among Measurement Systems Topic: Dosage Calculations

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

88. In most pediatric situations, the most commonly used way to calculate pediatric doses is based on body ________________. weight The most commonly used way to calculate pediatric doses is based on body weight.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. C. 1. Demonstrate knowledge of basic math computations Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 03-05 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Pediatric Doses

89. A(n) _____________________ is a graphic device showing the relationship between numerical values to estimate the body surface of a child according to height and weight. nomogram A graphic device showing the relationship between numerical values to estimate the body surface of a child according to height and weight is a nomogram.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. C. 1. Demonstrate knowledge of basic math computations Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 03-04 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Converting Among Measurement Systems Topic: Dosage Calculations

90. When calculating intravenous (IV) flow rate, the calibration of the tubing (drop factor) is expressed in _________________. gtt per mL When calculating intravenous (IV) flow rate, the calibration of the tubing (drop factor) is expressed in gtt per mL.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. C. 1. Demonstrate knowledge of basic math computations Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 03-06 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Calculating Intravenous Flow Rate

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

91. The drop factor is generally 15 or 16 drops per mL for a(n) _____________ patient and 60 microdrops per mL for a(n) __________________ patient. adult; pediatric The drop factor for an adult patient is 15 or 16 drops per mL and 60 microdrops per mL for a pediatric patient.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. C. 1. Demonstrate knowledge of basic math computations Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 03-06 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Calculating Intravenous Flow Rate

92. The bottom number of a fraction is termed the ______________. denominator The denominator is the bottom number of a fraction.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. C. 1. Demonstrate knowledge of basic math computations Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 03-01 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Math Review: Fractions

93. The different amounts of a drug that will produce therapeutic effects but not serious side effects or toxicity are specified in the ________________. dosage range The dosage range is the different amount of a drug that will produce therapeutic effects but not serious side effects or toxicity.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration ABHES: 6. c. 2. Identify appropriate abbreviations that are accepted in prescription writing Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. C. 6. Identify both abbreviations and symbols used in calculating medication dosages Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 03-04 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Converting Among Measurement Systems Topic: Dosage Calculations

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

94. A(n) ____________________ is a way of expressing an amount that is part of a whole. fraction An amount that is part of a whole is called a fraction.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. C. 1. Demonstrate knowledge of basic math computations Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 03-01 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Math Review: Fractions

95. A(n) ___________________ fraction is a fraction in which the value of the numerator is greater than or equal to the value of the denominator. improper When the numerator is greater than or equal to the value of the denominator, it is an improper fraction.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. C. 1. Demonstrate knowledge of basic math computations Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 03-01 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Math Review: Fractions

96. A milliliter is _____________________________ of a liter. one-thousandth A milliliter is one-thousandth of a liter.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. C. 1. Demonstrate knowledge of basic math computations Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 03-02 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Systems of Measurement

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

97. A(n) _______________________ is a number written with both a whole number and a fraction. mixed number A mixed number is a number written with both a whole number and a fraction.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. C. 1. Demonstrate knowledge of basic math computations Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 03-01 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Math Review: Fractions

98. The ________________________ is the top number of a fraction. numerator The top number of a fraction is the numerator.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. C. 1. Demonstrate knowledge of basic math computations Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 03-01 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Math Review: Fractions

99. A fraction in which the value of the numerator is less than the value of the denominator is termed a(n) _________________ fraction. proper When the value of the numerator is less than the value of the denominator it is a proper fraction.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. C. 1. Demonstrate knowledge of basic math computations Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 03-01 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Math Review: Fractions

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

100. I, II, III, IV, V, and VI are examples of ____________________. Roman numerals Examples of Roman numerals are I, II, III, IV, V, VI.

ABHES: 6. c. 2. Identify appropriate abbreviations that are accepted in prescription writing Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. C. 6. Identify both abbreviations and symbols used in calculating medication dosages Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 03-02 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Systems of Measurement

101. Reduce 16/24 to its lowest term: _____________. 2/3 16/24 reduced to its lowest term is 2/3. You divide the numerator and denominator by the largest number that will go into them evenly. In the example of 16/24, the number is 8.

102. Change the improper fraction 55/25 to a mixed number: _________________. 2 1/5 The mixed number of the improper fraction 55.25 is 2 1/5.

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

103. Multiply 2/3 by 3/4 and reduce to the lowest terms: ______________. 1/2 2/3  3/4 = 1/2. To multiply two fractions, multiply numerator by numerator and denominator by denominator.

104. Multiply 6 by 2/3 and reduce to the lowest terms: ________________. 4 6  2/3 = 4. When multiplying a fraction by a whole number, multiple the whole number by the numerator of the fraction. Express the whole number as a fraction by giving it the denominator 1, then place the product over the denominator and simplify.

105. Divide 3/4 by 1/3 and reduce to the lowest terms: ___________________. 2 1/4 3/4  1/3 = 2 1/4. To divide fractions, invert the divisor and then multiply the two fractions. Reduce to the lowest terms.

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

106. Write the fraction 2/5 as a decimal: ________. 0.4 2/5 written as a decimal is 0.4.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Blooms: Apply CAAHEP: II. C. 5. Convert among measurement systems Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 03-01 Level of Difficulty: Medium Topic: Math Review: Fractions

107. Change the decimal 0.25 to a fraction: _________________. 1/4 0.25 changed to a fraction is 1/4. You divide the decimal by 100.

108. Convert from grams to milligrams: 4.75 g = _____________ mg. 4750 4.75 g = 4750 mg. When converting grams to milligrams, multiply the number of grams by 1000.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. C. 5. Convert among measurement systems Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 03-04 Level of Difficulty: Medium Topic: Converting Among Measurement Systems Topic: Dosage Calculations

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

109. Convert 99 lb to kilograms: _________________. 45 kg 99 pounds = 45 kg. You divide the weight in pounds by 2.2 lb.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Blooms: Apply CAAHEP: II. C. 5. Convert among measurement systems Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 03-03 Level of Difficulty: Medium Topic: Temperature Scales

110. The physician orders heparin 7000 units to be administered subcutaneously, and the dose available is 10,000 units per mL. You give the patient ______________ mL. 0.7 Heparin 7000 units is ordered subcutaneously and the dose available is 10,000 units. So the dose to administer to the patient is 0.7 mL. Use this equation: D (desired) = X (what you are solving for) H (on hand) V (vehicle)

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Blooms: Apply CAAHEP: II. P. 1. Prepare proper dosages of medication for administration Est Time: 3-5 minutes Learning Outcome: 03-04 Level of Difficulty: Medium Topic: Converting Among Measurement Systems Topic: Dosage Calculations

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

111. The physician orders 500 mL of dextrose 5% in water (D5W) to be administered in 4 hours. The drop factor is 15 drops per mL. You should regulate the IV to deliver ____________ gtt/min. 31 When 500 mL of D5W is administered in 4 hours and the drop factor is 15 drops per mL, you should give 31 gtt/min. Use this formula: V (volume) in mL  calibration or drop factor = rate (gtt/min) T (time) in hours

112. The physician orders phenytoin (Dilantin) for a 45-lb child. The appropriate dose is 10 mg/kg/24 hours. Calculate how much Dilantin you should give in 4 divided doses: ___________________. 51.3 mg/dose When phenytoin (Dilantin) is ordered for a 45-lb child, the appropriate dose is 10 mg/kg/24 hours. You should give 51.3 mg/dose in 4 divided doses. You convert from pounds to kilograms.

Essay Questions

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

113. What is the formula used to convert between different measurements? Answers will vary Feedback: The formula used to convert between different measurements is: D (desired) = X (what you are solving for) H (on hand) V (vehicle)

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Blooms: Apply CAAHEP: II. C. 5. Convert among measurement systems Est Time: 3-5 minutes Learning Outcome: 03-04 Level of Difficulty: Medium Topic: Converting Among Measurement Systems Topic: Dosage Calculations

114. What is the formula used to calculate flow rate? Answers will vary Feedback: The formula used to calculate flow rate is: V (volume) in mL  calibration or drop factor = rate (gtt/min) T (time) in hours

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Blooms: Apply CAAHEP: II. C. 5. Convert among measurement systems Est Time: 3-5 minutes Learning Outcome: 03-06 Level of Difficulty: Medium Topic: Calculating Intravenous Flow Rate

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

115. What is the formula used to convert from grams to milligrams? Answers will vary Feedback: The formula used to convert from grams to milligrams is: g  1000 = mg

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Blooms: Apply CAAHEP: II. C. 5. Convert among measurement systems Est Time: 3-5 minutes Learning Outcome: 03-04 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Converting Among Measurement Systems Topic: Dosage Calculations

116. What formula is used to calculate BSA in m2 based on the metric measurement of height and weight? Answers will vary Feedback: The formula used to calculate BSA in m2 based on the metric measurement of height and weight is: BSA (m2) = ht (cm)  wt (kg) 3600

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Blooms: Apply CAAHEP: II. C. 2. Apply mathematical computations to solve equations Est Time: 3-5 minutes Learning Outcome: 03-02 Level of Difficulty: Difficult Topic: Systems of Measurement

Chapter 03 - Measurement and Dosage Calculations

117. The average normal temperature when using the Celsius temperature scale is from _______________ to ______________ Celsius. 36º; 38º Feedback: On the Celsius temperature scale, the average normal temperature is from 36º to 38º Celsius.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. C. 5. Convert among measurement systems Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 03-03 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Temperature Scales

118. Convert 36ºC to Fahrenheit: _________________. 96.8ºF Feedback: 36ºC converts to 96.8ºF. You multiply the Celsius temperature by 1.8 and add 32.

ABHES: 6. b. Demonstrate accurate occupational math and metric conversions for proper medication administration Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: II. C. 5. Convert among measurement systems Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 03-03 Level of Difficulty: Medium Topic: Temperature Scales

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

Chapter 04 Administering Parenteral Medications

Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which term describes the process of giving medications by injection using a needle and syringe? A. Oral medication administration B. Transdermal medication administration C. Buccal medication administration D. Parenteral medication administration Giving medications by injection using a needle and syringe is called parenteral medication.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 04-01 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Orientation to the Parenteral Route

2. Which term is NOT a route that can be used to administer parenteral medications? A. Oral B. Intramuscular C. Subcutaneous D. Intradermal Parenteral medication routes of administration are intradermal (ID), subcutaneous (SC), intramuscular (IM), and intravenous (IV).

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

3. The parenteral route involves breaking through the skin's protective covering, which increases the risk of: A. pain. B. fear. C. infection. D. inflammation. Infection is a risk of parenteral injection because the skin's protective covering is broken.

4. Which terms describes how a standard hypodermic needle is calibrated? A. In cubic centimeters B. In units C. In ounces D. In millimeters The standard hypodermic needle is calibrated in cubic centimeters (cc) and minims (m).

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

5. Which term describes how an insulin needle is calibrated? A. In cubic centimeters B. In units C. In ounces D. In millimeters The insulin syringe is calibrated in units (U).

6. Which statement describes how a tuberculin syringe is calibrated? A. Cubic centimeters B. Tenths of cubic centimeters C. Hundredths of cubic centimeters D. Thousandths of cubic centimeters A tuberculin syringe is calibrated in hundredths of cubic centimeters.

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

7. Which term describes the part of a syringe that is a hollow cylinder and holds the medication? A. The barrel B. The flange C. The plunger D. The hub The part of the syringe that holds the medication is the barrel.

8. Which term describes the part of a syringe that changes the air pressure in the syringe, pulling air or medication in, and forcing air or medication out? A. The barrel B. The flange C. The plunger D. The hub The part of the syringe that changes the air pressure in the syringe, pulling air or medication in, and forcing air or medication out is called the plunger.

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

9. Which terms describe the diameter of the lumen of the needle? A. Length B. Gauge C. Circumference D. Depth The diameter of the lumen of the needle is the gauge or the hollow part inside the needle through which medication passes.

10. A needle with a length of 1 ½ inches is most commonly used for which type of injection? A. Intradermal injection B. Subcutaneous injection C. Intramuscular injection D. Intravenous injection A needle length of 1 to 1 1/2 inches is considered a longer-length needle and used for an intramuscular injection.

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

11. Which term is used to describe a medication that is thin and watery? A. Viscous B. Gelatinous C. Aqueous D. Liquid A thin and watery medication is an aqueous medication.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 04-04 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Drawing Up Medications

12. Which term is used to describe a medication that is thick and sticky? A. Viscous B. Gelatinous C. Aqueous D. Liquid A thick and sticky medication is a viscous medication.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 04-04 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Drawing Up Medications

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

13. Which gauge needle would be used to administer a thick and sticky medication? A. 18G B. 22G C. 23G D. 25G An 18G to 20G needle is used to give viscous medication.

14. To maintain asepsis, which part of a needle can be handled when administering an injection? A. Needle point B. Needle hilt C. Needle shaft D. Needle cover To maintain asepsis when administering an injection, the only part of a needle that can be handled during an injection is the needle cover.

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

15. To maintain asepsis when administering an injection, all parts of the syringe can be handled EXCEPT the: A. flange. B. plunger end. C. hub. D. outside of the barrel. To maintain asepsis when administering an injection, the part of the syringe that cannot be handled during an injection is the inside and outside of the hub, in addition to the inside of the needle cover, the needle point, the shaft, the syringe tip, the inside of the barrel, and the plunger.

16. What is the most common route of exposure to blood-borne diseases? A. A cut by broken glassware B. An accidental spraying by blood or body fluids C. A needlestick injury D. Soiled medical equipment The most common route of exposure to blood-borne diseases is needlesticks.

ABHES: 9. a. Practice standard precautions and perform disinfection/sterilization techniques Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: III. P. 2. Practice Standard Precautions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 04-02 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Standard Precautions

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

17. Which term describes a single-dose glass container with a bulb that can be broken off at the neck? A. Ampule B. Vial C. Cartridge D. Unit dose A single-dose glass container with a bulb that can be broken off at the neck is an ampule.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 04-04 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Drawing Up Medications

18. Which term describes a small bottle with a rubber stopper through which a needle can be inserted? A. Ampule B. Vial C. Cartridge D. Unit dose A small bottle with a rubber stopper through which a needle can be inserted is a vial.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 04-04 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Drawing Up Medications

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

19. Which statement best describes the first step to use when withdrawing a dose of medication from an ampule? A. Inspect the container to see if there is medication in the top portion. B. Securely grip the neck with bare hands and break at the scored line. C. Inject an amount of air equal to the amount of medication you plan to withdraw. D. Use a standard hypodermic syringe and needle to withdraw the medication. Inspect the container to see if there is medication in the top portion of an ampule. Then wrap gauze around the ampule when breaking the top off to avoid shattering the glass and causing injury. Since the ampule is an open container, the pressure in the ampule is equal to the pressure outside and there is no way to create a vacuum. Use a needle with a filter to avoid withdrawing pieces of glass.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 04-04 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Drawing Up Medications

20. Which statement best describes the proper technique to use when withdrawing a dose of medication from a vial? A. Inspect the container to see if there is any medication in the top portion. B. Carefully break the neck of the container at the score line. C. Add a filter needle to the syringe before withdrawing. D. Inject an amount of air equal to the amount of medication you are withdrawing. Injecting an amount of air equal to the amount of medication you are withdrawing is the proper way to withdraw a medication from a vial.

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

21. Which statement describes what each calibration mark represents on a 3-cc syringe? A. 1 unit B. 10 units C. 1 milliliter D. Two-tenths of a milliliter Each calibration mark represents two-tenths of a milliliter on a 3mL syringe.

22. When counting the number of marks between labeled units of measurement on a syringe, and there are 10 marks between units, each mark measures: A. 1 unit. B. 10 units. C. one-tenth of a unit. D. one-hundredth of a unit. If there are 10 marks between units on a syringe, each mark is one-tenth of a unit.

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

23. When counting the number of marks between labeled units of measurement, and there are five marks, each mark measures: A. one unit. B. five units. C. two-tenths of a unit. D. five-tenths of a unit. When counting the number of marks between labeled units of measurement, and there are five marks, each mark measures two-tenths of a unit.

24. Which term describes the process of adding liquid to a medication that has been stored in powdered form? A. Liquefying B. Suspending C. Reconstituting D. Dissolving Reconstituting is the process of adding the recommended amount of fluid to dissolve powdered substance that is a powdered drug.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 04-04 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Drawing Up Medications

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

25. Which statement describes the proper way to dissolve a reconstituted medication completely? A. Shake the vial. B. Place the vial on a countertop and wait 10 minutes. C. Roll the vial between your hands. D. Rapidly invert the vial. The appropriate way to reconstitute a drug is to dissolve the medication by rolling the vial between your hands; never shake the vial.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 04-04 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Drawing Up Medications

26. Which term describes the formation of granules that cloud a liquid or settle to the bottom of a medication? A. Granulation B. Precipitation C. Turbidity D. Opaqueness Precipitation occurs when granules cloud a liquid or settle to the bottle of a medication.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 04-04 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Drawing Up Medications

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

27. Which statement describes how to mix different types of insulin in a syringe? A. Withdraw the long-acting type, then the fast-acting. B. Withdraw the long-acting type, then the clear. C. Withdraw the fast-acting type, then the long-acting. D. Never mix long-acting and fast-acting insulin. The procedure for mixing different types of insulin in a syringe is to draw up the fast-acting or clear first, then the long-acting.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 04-04 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Drawing Up Medications

28. Which statement accurately describes the total amount of liquid that should be in a syringe after mixing two drugs? A. The total amount should be the same as the larger dose minus the smaller dose. B. The total amount should be the same as the larger dose multiplied by the smaller dose. C. The total amount should be the same as the larger dose converted to the smaller dose. D. The total amount should be the same as the two individual doses added together. The appropriate amount of liquid that should be in a syringe after mixing the two drugs is the amount of the two doses added together.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 04-04 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Drawing Up Medications

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

29. Which client information is NOT considered when choosing a site to administer an injection? A. Client's build B. Client's age C. Client's gender D. Client's other recent injections The client's build, age, and recent injections are to be considered when choosing a site to administer an injection.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 04-05 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Common Injection Sites

30. The inner lower arm, upper chest, and back are sites that can be used when using the ___________________ route to administer an injection. A. intramuscular B. intradermal C. intravenous D. subcutaneous The intradermal injection is usually administered in the inner lower arm, chest, and back.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 04-05 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Common Injection Sites

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

31. Which type of syringe would be used when administering an intradermal injection? A. Standard three cc B. Insulin C. Tuberculin D. Five cc A tuberculin syringe is used when giving an intradermal injection.

32. Which dosage range describes the amount of medication that is given by the intradermal route? A. 0.01-0.1 mL B. 0.01-0.2 mL C. 0.1-0.2 mL D. 0.02-0.1 mL 0.1-0.2 mL is the amount of medication usually given by the intradermal route.

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

33. Which gauge and length of the needle is used to perform an intradermal injection? A. 25G-26G; 3/8-inch needle B. 25G-26G; 5/8-inch needle C. 21G-23G; 1-inch needle D. 18G-20G; 1 1/2-inch needle A 25G-26G, 3/8-inch needle is used to give an intradermal injection.

34. Which angle(s) should be used when administering an intradermal injection? A. 100-110 B. 20-40 C. 45º-90º D. 5º-15º when you list 90 and 45 degrees and the range you are giving away the correct answer Give an intradermal injection at a 5º-15º angle.

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

35. Which term describes what is observed at the injection site if an intradermal injection is administered correctly? A. Inflammation B. Bleb C. Induration D. Wheel A bleb is seen at the site of an intradermal injection when the injection is done correctly.

36. What is the correct position of the bevel of the needle when performing an intradermal injection? A. Bevel down B. Bevel up C. Bevel left D. Bevel right The correct position of the bevel of the needle when performing an intradermal injection is bevel up.

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

37. Which statement describes a use of intradermal injections? A. To administer allergy shots B. To determine exposure to tuberculosis C. To deliver medication to control diabetes mellitus D. To reverse anaphylaxis An intradermal injection is used to determine the presence of tuberculosis.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 04-05 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Common Injection Sites

38. Which of the following statements describes the time period that should elapse before reading a diagnostic skin test? A. 12-23 hours B. 24-35 hours C. 36-47 hours D. 48-72 hours About 48 to 72 hours should elapse before reading a diagnostic skin test.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 04-05 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Common Injection Sites

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

39. When reading a diagnostic skin test, the healthcare worker is observing the injection site for: does not belong and not related to learning outcomes - also if different diagnostic test may observe for other reaction A. inflammation and edema. B. induration and erythema. C. irritation and pruritus. D. urticaria and pustules. About 48 to 72 hours after intradermal injection of tuberculin, the area is checked for induration (hardening of tissue caused by inflammation or edema) and erythema or redness.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 04-05 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Common Injection Sites

40. Which reaction indicates that a patient has a negative skin test? A. An area of erythema 20 mm in diameter B. An area of induration and erythema 15 mm in diameter C. An area of induration and erythema 10 mm in diameter D. An area of induration and erythema 5 mm in diameter An area of erythema 20 mm in diameter indicates a negative skin test.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 04-05 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Common Injection Sites

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

41. Which term describes the type of injection performed using the fatty tissues on the outer upper arm, the front of the thigh, the abdomen, and the upper back below the shoulder blades? A. Intradermal B. Intramuscular C. Intravenous D. Subcutaneous A subcutaneous injection is used in the fatty tissues on the outer upper arm, the front of the thigh, the abdomen, and the upper back below the shoulder blades.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 04-05 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Common Injection Sites

42. Which dosage range describes the usual amount of medication that is administered using the subcutaneous route? A. 0.1-0.2 mL B. 0.5-1.0 mL C. 1.0-2.0 mL D. 2.0-3.0 mL The usual amount of medication administered by subcutaneous route is 0.5-1.0 mL.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 04-01 Learning Outcome: 04-05 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Common Injection Sites Topic: Orientation to the Parenteral Route

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

43. What is the preferred site for intramuscular injections in infants and children? A. Dorsogluteal sites B. Ventrogluteal sites C. Deltoid site D. Vastus lateralis muscle The vastus lateralis on the outer upper thigh is the preferred site for intramuscular injections in infants and children because the buttock (gluteal) muscles are not well enough developed to safely receive dorsogluteal and ventrogluteal injections.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 04-05 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Common Injection Sites

44. Which dose is the maximum amount of medication that may be injected via the intramuscular route? A. 1.0 mL B. 2.0 mL C. 3.0 mL D. 4.0 mL A large amount of medication up to 3 mL may be administered as an intramuscular injection.

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

45. Which statement reflects the speed of absorption of medications from slowest to fastest injection types? A. Intramuscular; subcutaneous; intradermal B. Subcutaneous; intradermal; intramuscular C. Intradermal; subcutaneous; intramuscular D. Subcutaneous; intramuscular; intradermal Intradermal injection has the slowest absorption speed of medications, with subcutaneous absorption moderate to fast and intramuscular absorption fastest.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 04-05 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Common Injection Sites

46. What is the maximum amount of medication that can be administered using the deltoid muscle? A. 0.1 mL B. 1.0 mL C. 2.0 mL D. 3.0 mL 1.0 mL is the maximum amount that can be administered in the deltoid muscle. It is a small site with undeveloped muscles.

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

47. Which of the following is the correct needle angle to use when performing an intramuscular injection? A. 5-15 B. 45º C. 45-90 D. 90º The correct needle angle when giving an intramuscular injection is 90º.

48. Which statement describes a site that would NOT be used to perform an intramuscular injection? A. Healthy muscle B. Heavy muscle C. Hard muscle D. Muscle free of tenderness Avoid a hard muscle when giving an intramuscular muscle. It indicates the last injection was poorly absorbed or caused tissue damage.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 04-05 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Common Injection Sites

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

49. Which statement describes the correct way to disinfect the skin prior to performing an injection? A. Cleanse in an up-and-down motion 2 inches above and below the injection site. B. Cleanse in a right-and-left motion 2 inches beside the injection site. C. Cleanse in a circular motion starting at the injection site and working outward for 2 inches. D. Cleanse in a circular motion, starting 2 inches outside the injection site and working inward. The appropriate method to disinfect the skin prior to an injection is to cleanse in a circular motion, starting at the injection site and working outward for 2 inches.

50. Which statement describes the correct preparation of the skin prior to administering an injection? A. Intramuscular taut; subcutaneous pinch; intradermal taut B. Intramuscular pinch; subcutaneous taut; intradermal pinch C. Intramuscular taut; subcutaneous taut; intradermal taut D. Intramuscular pinch; subcutaneous pinch, intradermal pinch The correct preparation of the skin for intramuscular and intradermal injections is to pull the skin taut; for a subcutaneous injection, pinch the skin.

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

51. Which term describes the process of pulling back slightly on the plunger of a syringe while administering an injection? A. Plunging B. Injecting C. Aspirating D. Backing Aspirating is the process of pulling back slightly on the plunger of a syringe while administering an injection.

52. All routes of parenteral medication administration require that aspiration be performed prior to injection of the medication EXCEPT: A. intradermal. B. subcutaneous. C. intramuscular. D. intravenous. Aspiration is not necessary when administering an intradermal injection. The rationale is that the needle does not penetrate deep enough to contact large vessels.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 04-05 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Common Injection Sites

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

53. Which statement describes why the healthcare worker must aspirate before administering an injection? A. To maintain asepsis B. As a safety check to make sure the needle has not entered a blood vessel C. To decrease the amount of pain that the patient experiences D. To follow OSHA guidelines The purpose of aspirating before an injection is to make sure the needle has not entered a blood vessel.

54. Which statement describes the proper procedure to follow if blood is visible in the plunger when aspiration is performed? A. Immediately remove the needle. B. Discard the syringe into a sharps container. C. Repeat the procedure. D. All answers are correct. If blood is found in the plunger when aspirating, remove the needle immediately, discard the syringe into a sharps contain, and repeat the procedure.

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

55. Which statement describes the procedure used to inject parenteral medications? A. Fast and completely B. Slowly and completely C. Hard and completely D. Deep and completely Slow and completely is how a parenteral injection should be administered.

56. Which technique should be used when administering medications to reduce pain and prevent tissue damage? A. Insert the needle slowly. B. Inject the medication quickly. C. Withdraw the needle at the same angle at which it was inserted. D. Keep the skin loose when inserting the needle. Withdraw the needle at the same angle at which it was inserted to reduce pain and prevent tissue damage.

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

57. Which action describes the correct way to dispose of a used syringe and needle? A. Never recap the needle. B. Do not break the needle. C. Dispose of the syringe and needle in a sharps container. D. All answers are correct. When disposing of a used syringe and needle, never recap or break the needle, and dispose of both syringe and needle in a sharps container.

58. Which statement describes the information that must be charted after administering medications? A. The specific parenteral route B. The location of the injection C. Patient reaction D. All answers are correct. Chart the specific parenteral route, location of the injection, and patient reaction after administering medications.

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

59. Which symptom describes a systemic reaction to a parenteral medication? A. Erythema B. Inflammation C. Rash D. Shortness of breath A systemic reaction to a parenteral medication is shortness of breath.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 04-06 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Principles of Intravenous Therapy

60. Which term describes the formation of pus inside the tissues? A. Necrosis B. Sloughing C. Abscess D. Urticaria An abscess is the formation of pus inside the tissues.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 04-06 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Principles of Intravenous Therapy

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

61. Which type of injections involves the use of site rotation to prevent tissue damage from repeated injections? A. Intradermal and subcutaneous B. Intradermal and intramuscular C. Intramuscular and subcutaneous D. Insulin and tuberculin Intramuscular and subcutaneous injections use site rotation to prevent tissue damage from repeated injections.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 04-01 Learning Outcome: 04-05 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Common Injection Sites Topic: Orientation to the Parenteral Route

62. Which term describes the leaking of medication into the channel made by the needle during an injection? A. Tracking B. Seeping C. Leaking D. Channeling The leaking of medication into the channel through which a needle enters tissue is called tracking.

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

63. All methods used to prevent tracking include all EXCEPT: A. Z-track B. injecting very slowly C. advising client's to wear loose-fitting clothing D. massaging the site Using the Z-track, injecting medication very slowly, and advising patients to wear loosefitting clothing are all ways to prevent tracking.

64. Which term describes an injection procedure that prevents medication from backing up into other tissue layers? A. Backflow B. Z-track C. Zigzag D. Crosscut Z-track prevents medication from backing up into other tissue layers. It decreases irritation by sealing the medication in muscle tissue.

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

65. What attribute must the healthcare worker develop to relieve clients' fears and concerns while administering injections? A. Positive attitude B. Skill C. Confidence D. All answers are correct Developing a positive attitude, skill in administering injections, and confidence in performing procedures is necessary to alleviate patients' fear and concerns while administering injections.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 04-01 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Orientation to the Parenteral Route

66. Which term describes the administration of fluids, medications, electrolytes, blood, or even nutrients through a vein? A. Intramuscular therapy B. Intradermal therapy C. Intravenous therapy D. Subcutaneous therapy The administration of fluids, medications, electrolytes, blood, or even nutrients through a vein is called intravenous therapy.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 04-06 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Principles of Intravenous Therapy

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

67. Which term describes isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic solutions that contain electrolytes? A. Hypertonic-hyperosmolar preparations B. Hydrating solutions C. Colloids D. Crystalloids Crystalloids describe electrolytes such as isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic solutions.

68. Which term describes solutions such as albumin, dextran, plasmanate, and artificial blood substitute? A. Hypertonic-hyperosmolar preparations B. Hydrating solutions C. Colloids D. Crystalloids Colloids are solutions such as albumin, dextran, plasmanate, and artificial blood substitute.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 04-06 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Principles of Intravenous Therapy

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

69. Which term describes glucose solutions such as dextrose 5% in water and dextrose 5% in 0.45% normal saline? A. Hypertonic-hyperosmolar preparations B. Hydrating solutions C. Colloids D. Crystalloids D5W has also been considered a crystalloid although it has very limited electrolyte composition. Dextrose 5% in water and dextrose 5% in 0.45% normal saline are classified as hydrating solutions. They supply supplemental calories or nutrients and provide free water for rehydrating or maintenance while promoting effective renal

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 04-06 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Principles of Intravenous Therapy

70. Which term describes mixtures of partial or complete nourishment that are administered to patients who are unable to ingest or use sufficient calories and nutrients to sustain metabolic functions? A. Hypertonic-hyperosmolar preparations B. Hydrating solutions C. Colloids D. Crystalloids Hypertonic-hyperosmolar preparations are mixtures of partial or complete nourishment that are administered to patients who are unable to ingest or use sufficient calories and nutrients to sustain metabolic functions.

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

71. Which statement describes a use of intravenous therapy? A. Fluid volume maintenance and replacement therapy B. Loss of blood, body water, electrolytes, and nutrients C. Administer medications in a life-threatening emergency D. All answers are correct The purposes of intravenous therapy are for fluid volume maintenance and replacement therapy. IV therapy is also used when a patient suffers a loss of blood, body water, electrolytes, and nutrients; and to administer medications in a life-threatening emergency.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 04-06 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Principles of Intravenous Therapy

72. Which solution could be used as a diluent for medication administration? A. 0.9% NaCl B. D5W C. Lactated Ringer's D. 0.45% NaCl D5W may be used as a diluent for medication administration.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand CAAHEP: I. C. 11. Identify the classifications of medications, including desired effects, side effects and adverse reactions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 04-06 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Principles of Intravenous Therapy

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

73. Which solution could be used to treat a burn victim? A. 0.9% NaCl B. D5W C. Lactated Ringer's D. 0.45% NaCl Lactated Ringer's solution is used in the treatment of burns.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 04-06 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Principles of Intravenous Therapy

74. Which term describes redness, warmth, and discomfort along the vein that may result from prolonged use of the same vein? A. Local infiltration B. Pyrogenic reaction C. Thrombophlebitis D. Phlebitis Phlebitis is a complication that produces redness, warmth, and discomfort along the vein when a solution is given in the same vein over and over again.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 04-06 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Principles of Intravenous Therapy

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

75. Which term describes edema at the IV site and a significant slowing or complete stoppage of the intravenous flow that may be caused by a dislodging of the IV needle from the vein? A. Local infiltration B. Pyrogenic reaction C. Thrombophlebitis D. Phlebitis Local infiltration is a complication caused by a dislodged IV needle from the vein. Symptoms include edema at the IV site and significant slowing or complete stoppage of the flow.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 04-06 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Principles of Intravenous Therapy

76. Which body fluid is the most common vehicle for transmission of pathogens? A. Saliva B. Urine C. Blood D. Vaginal secretions Blood is the most important vehicle for transmission of pathogens.

ABHES: 9. a. Practice standard precautions and perform disinfection/sterilization techniques Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Apply CAAHEP: III. C. 11. Describe Standard Precautions, including: a. Transmission based, precautions, b. Purpose, c. Activities regulated Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 04-02 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Standard Precautions

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

77. All pathways describe the primary ways healthcare workers are exposed to bloodbornepathogens EXCEPT: A. Mucous membranes B. Nonintact skin C. Needlesticks D. Spills Healthcare workers are exposed to blood-borne pathogens by mucous membranes, nonintact skin, and needlesticks.

ABHES: 9. a. Practice standard precautions and perform disinfection/sterilization techniques Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Apply CAAHEP: III. P. 2. Practice Standard Precautions Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 04-02 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Standard Precautions

78. Which term describes a valuable route of medication administration in emergencies? A. Oral B. Parenteral C. Rectal D. Topical Parenteral drug administration is valuable in emergencies.

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

79. Which type of syringes is calibrated in hundredths of cubic centimeters? A. Tuberculin B. Insulin C. Standard hypodermic D. Oral medication syringe The tuberculin syringe is used for intradermal injections or very small amounts of substances. It is calibrated in hundredths of cubic centimeters.

80. Which term describes the two main parts of a syringe? A. Hub and flange B. Barrel and plunger C. Tip and shaft D. Hilt and lumen The two main parts of a syringe are the barrel and plunger.

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

81. A needle with a length of 1 to 1 1/2 inches would be used for which type of injection? A. Intradermal injection B. Intramuscular injection C. Subcutaneous injection D. Intravenous injection A needle 1 to 1 1/2 inches long is used for intramuscular injections.

82. Which statement demonstrates the differences in procedure when withdrawing medication from a vial as compared to an ampule? A. It is not necessary to inject air. B. It is necessary to remove air bubbles. C. It is necessary to use a filter on the needle. D. It is necessary to break the neck of the container. The neck of an ampule is broken before withdrawing the medication. A vial has a rubber seal. As a result of having the air pressure the same inside and outside of an open ampule, there is no need to inject air into the ampule. The air pressure in a vial is less than the pressure outside, so air must be added. Air bubbles prevent the measurement of an accurate dose whether withdrawing from a vial or ampule.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Apply CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 0-1 minute Learning Outcome: 04-04 Level of Difficulty: Medium Topic: Drawing Up Medications

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

Fill in the Blank Questions 83. Under _____________________________, all patients are considered potentially infectious with blood-borne pathogens. Standard Precautions All patients are considered potentially infectious with blood-borne pathogens under Standard Precautions.

ABHES: 9. a. Practice standard precautions and perform disinfection/sterilization techniques Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications CAAHEP: III. C. 11. Describe Standard Precautions, including: a. Transmission based, precautions, b. Purpose, c. Activities regulated CAAHEP: III. C. 12. Discuss the application of Standard Precautions with regard to: a. All body fluids, secretions and excretions, b. Blood, c. Non intact skin, d. Mucous membranes CAAHEP: III. C. 4. Identify personal safety precautions as established by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) CAAHEP: III. P. 2. Practice Standard Precautions CAAHEP: III. P. 3. Select appropriate barrier/personal protective equipment (PPE) for potentially infectious situations CAAHEP: III. P. 4. Perform handwashing Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 04-02 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Standard Precautions

84. The standard hypodermic syringe is calibrated (marked) in minims and _________________________________. cubic centimeters Minims and cubic centimeters calibrate the standard hypodermic syringe.

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

85. The insulin syringe is calibrated in _________________. units Units calibrate the insulin syringe.

86. The tuberculin syringe is calibrated in minims and in ___________________________. hundredths of cubic centimeters Minims and hundredths of cubic centimeters calibrate the tuberculin syringe.

87. The hollow cylinder part of the syringe that holds the medication is the ________________. barrel The barrel is the hollow part of the syringe that holds medication.

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

88. The diameter of the lumen of the needle is its _______________. gauge (G) The gauge (G) is the diameter of the lumen of the needle.

89. A single-dose container that has a bulb that can be broken off at the neck is a(n) ________________. ampule An ampule is a single-dose medication container that has a bulb that can be broken off at the neck.

90. A small bottle with a rubber stopper through which a needle can be inserted is a(n) _______________. vial A vial is a small medication bottle with a rubber stopper through which a needle can be inserted.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 04-04 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Drawing Up Medications

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

91. When withdrawing medication from a vial, you must first insert the same amount of ________ as medication to be withdrawn. air Before withdrawing medication from a vial, you must first insert the same amount of air.

92. Powdered medications must be _________________________ by adding liquid before they can be injected. reconstituted Reconstituted medications are powered medications in which liquids must be added before they can be injected.

93. The skin on the inner surface of the inner arm is used when administering a(n) _____________________________ injection. intradermal When administering an intradermal injection, the skin on the inner surface of the inner arm is used.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 04-01 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Orientation to the Parenteral Route

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

94. Intradermal injections can be used to determine exposure to ______________________. tuberculosis Tuberculosis is diagnosed by intradermal injections to determine exposure.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 04-05 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Common Injection Sites

95. When reading a diagnostic skin test, erythema without hardness __________________ tuberculosis. rules out Erythema without hardness rules out tuberculosis as a diagnostic skin test.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 04-05 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Common Injection Sites

96. The fatty tissues on the outer upper arm, the front of the thigh, and the abdomen are used when administering _________________________ injections. subcutaneous When administering subcutaneous injections, use the fatty tissue on the outer upper arm, the front of the thigh, and the abdomen.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 04-05 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Common Injection Sites

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

97. The maximum amount of medication that can be administered using the deltoid muscle is ________________ mL. 1.0 Administer no more than 1.0 mL in the deltoid muscle.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 04-01 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Orientation to the Parenteral Route

98. The preferred site for parenteral medication administration in infants and children is the ________________. vastus lateralis The vastus lateralis is the preferred parenteral medication site in infants and children.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 04-05 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Common Injection Sites

99. When the needle is fully inserted into the skin while performing an injection, pull back slightly on the plunger; this is called ________________. aspirating When the needle is inserted into the skin while performing an injection, pulling back slightly on the plunger is called aspirating.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 04-01 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Orientation to the Parenteral Route

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

100. When performing an injection, the medication must be injected slowly to avoid ____________________ the tissues. injuring Medication is injected slowly to avoid injuring the tissues when performing an injection.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 04-01 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Orientation to the Parenteral Route

101. To avoid causing the patient unnecessary pain, withdraw the needle at the same _________________ at which it was inserted. angle Withdrawing the needle at the same angle as it was inserted avoids causing the patient unnecessary pain.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 04-01 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Orientation to the Parenteral Route

102. When performing an intramuscular injection, the _________________ method should be used to prevent medication from backing up into other tissue layers. Z-track A Z-track intramuscular injection is used to prevent medication from backing up into subcutaneous tissue layers.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 04-01 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Orientation to the Parenteral Route

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

103. The administration of fluids, medications, electrolytes, blood, and even nutrients through a vein is _____________________ therapy. intravenous Intravenous therapy allows the administration of fluids, medications, electrolytes, blood, and nutrients through a vein.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 04-06 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Principles of Intravenous Therapy

104. Dextrose 5% in water and 0.45% normal saline are examples of __________________ solutions. hydrating Examples of hydrating solutions are dextrose 5% and 0.45% normal saline.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 04-06 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Principles of Intravenous Therapy

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

105. A complication of IV therapy that may occur after administering an irritating fluid or the prolonged use of the vein and presents with symptoms including redness, warmth, and discomfort along the vein is called ______________. phlebitis Phlebitis is an IV therapy complication from an irritating fluid or the prolonged use of a vein that presents with the symptoms of redness, warmth, and discomfort along the vein.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 04-06 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Principles of Intravenous Therapy

106. A key to successful parenteral medication administration is the healthcare worker's _____________________. attitude The healthcare worker's attitude is the key to successful to parenteral medication administration.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 04-01 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Orientation to the Parenteral Route

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

107. Healthcare workers should practice injection procedures until they can perform them with __________________ accuracy. 100% Healthcare workers should practice injections until they can perform them with 100% accuracy.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 04-01 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Orientation to the Parenteral Route

108. Parenteral drugs can be administered by four routes: _____________________, _____________________, _________________________, and ___________________________. intradermal; subcutaneous; intramuscular; intravenous The four routes of parenteral drug administration are intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravenous.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Blooms: Remember CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 04-05 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Common Injection Sites

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

109. The two main parts of a syringe are the ____________________ and ___________________. barrel; plunger The barrel and plunger are the two main parts of a syringe.

110. The ______________________ the gauge, the _________________ the needle diameter. smaller; larger When the gauge is smaller, the needle diameter is larger.

111. When withdrawing medication from an ampule, you should use a needle with a _______________. filter When withdrawing medication from an ampule, use a filter needle.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Blooms: Apply CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 04-04 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Drawing Up Medications

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

112. Certain drugs such as antibiotics are stored in their powdered form because they quickly lose ______________________ and _____________________ when in liquid form. freshness; effectiveness Medications such as antibiotics are stored in powdered form because they quickly lose their effectiveness when in liquid form.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Blooms: Understand CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 04-04 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Drawing Up Medications

113. When mixed together, some drugs form a(n) ______________________, or granules, that cloud the liquid or settle to the bottom of the syringe. precipitate All drugs cannot be mixed with other drugs because they form a precipitate, or granules, that cloud the liquid or settle to the bottom.

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

114. When mixing different types of insulin in a syringe, withdraw the _______________________ or clear insulin first and then the __________________________ type. fast-acting; long-acting Withdraw the fast-acting insulin in a syringe first, and then the long-acting type when mixing in one syringe.

115. When administering a parenteral injection, the choice of needle length depends in part on the patient's ___________ and ____________________. age; body fat The choice of needle length depends on the patient's age and body fat when administering a parenteral injection. For example, children need shorter needles and heavy adults need longer needles.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Blooms: Apply CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 04-01 Level of Difficulty: Easy Topic: Orientation to the Parenteral Route

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

116. Three criteria that a healthcare worker needs to consider when choosing a site to administer a parenteral injection are patient _____________________, patient __________________, and sites of other recent ____________________. build; age; injections Three criteria to consider when administering a parenteral are the patient's age, build, and sites of other recent injections.

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Blooms: Apply CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 1-3 minutes Learning Outcome: 04-05 Level of Difficulty: Medium Topic: Common Injection Sites

Essay Questions 117. Describe the procedure used to draw medication from a vial. Answers will vary

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Blooms: Apply CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 3-5 minutes Learning Outcome: 04-04 Level of Difficulty: Medium Topic: Drawing Up Medications

118. Describe the procedure for removing air bubbles from a syringe when withdrawing medication from a vial. Answers will vary

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Blooms: Apply CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 3-5 minutes Learning Outcome: 04-04 Level of Difficulty: Medium Topic: Drawing Up Medications

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

119. Describe the procedure for removing air bubbles from a syringe when withdrawing medication from an ampule. Answers will vary

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Blooms: Apply CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 3-5 minutes Learning Outcome: 04-04 Level of Difficulty: Medium Topic: Drawing Up Medications

120. Describe how to administer an intradermal injection. Answers will vary

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Blooms: Apply CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 3-5 minutes Learning Outcome: 04-01 Level of Difficulty: Medium Topic: Orientation to the Parenteral Route

Chapter 04 - Administering Parenteral Medications

121. Describe how to administer a subcutaneous injection. Answers will vary

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Blooms: Apply CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 3-5 minutes Learning Outcome: 04-01 Level of Difficulty: Medium Topic: Orientation to the Parenteral Route

122. Describe how to administer an intramuscular injection. Answers will vary

ABHES: 9. f. Prepare and administer oral and parenteral medications and monitor intravenous (IV) infusions Blooms: Apply CAAHEP: I. P. 9. Administer parenteral (excluding IV) medications Est Time: 3-5 minutes Learning Outcome: 04-01 Level of Difficulty: Medium Topic: Orientation to the Parenteral Route