ARCHITECTURE, HOUSING, ETC...
NIEVES FERNANDEZ CASTAÑERA
Master in Collective Housing 2013
3
4
INDEX
00 PREFACE
6
Urban Design. 01 02 03 04
DOMESTICITY
8
Slowmadness/Juan Herreros
PLAYING IN A STRUCTURE
20
Play in the city/Francisco Burgos
MAD-BUILDING
26
Residential urban design/Bernardo Ynzenga
SLUM UPGRADING
34
Low cost/Emergency housing María Teresa Diniz
Housing Design 05 06 07 08 09
18 METRES DEPTH
44
Deep house experiments/Andrea Deplazes
MR. OTTER AND I
52
Live with/like animals/Hrvoje Njiric
INHABITING A SKYLIGHT Inhabited screens/Cino Zucchi HOUSING: A WORKING METHODOLOGY From city to house/Dietmar Eberle SHARE Quality of life/Anne Lacaton
62 68 74
Housing Systems 10 11
METABOLIC HIGHPOINT ONE
78
Construction and Technology/Ramón Araujo
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY Javier García German
12 SUMMARY
90
100 5
00 PREFACE
This booklet is the result of an intensive work during this year. The main topics addressed here go from the urban to housing design. Housing is not easy, from my point of view is the most difficult part in architecture, because is the place where the people spends the most parte of their time. Housing should be rethinked and adapted to the current ways of living. We should think in new construction methods, in sustainability, and of cours in comfort. There are several ways to face architecture, this Master tries to open your mind and think in architecture as something that can be approached from the most functional to the most utopic way. Who would imagine that housing can be design from the house of an animal? I would like to say thank you to all the teachers involved in this project, to the Director of the MCH for creating an excellent Master, to Sevastian Severino and MarĂa JosĂŠ Manga for all the help, and specially to all my classmates and friends for this wonderful year.
6
URBAN DESIGN
7
01
DomestiCITY
SLOWMADNES
Juan Herreros
LOCATION
When the speed is decreased, it affects the different scales and provides a new interest to the domestic space, its surroundings and the rest of the city understanding it as a continuous transition. The models of quality, prestige and confort established during the “boom� have failed, but it is necessary to act quickly inventing new options. Considering the urban tissue, preservation values of the catalogued buildings and the social richness, we will work with total freedom to design at a scale that is somewhere in between a building and an urban plan. These conditions will generate advanced residential projects that can read the diversity of its users and the demand of the of the building and housing types excluded by traditional real estate. Facilities, colective programs and public space will be main ingredients of this project.
Embajadores
The location is in Embajadores, Madrid. This neighborhood is the most dense in the city (500inh/ha). The blocks in Embajadores have architectural treasures from a preservation point of view, but also sub-standard housing and overcrowding.
LAVAPIES
Madrid city centre 8
DomestiCITY What is the situation in Embajadores?
65% of the population
NO panoramic views
over
60 years old
50% dwellings
1 multisport
30m2-60m2 4-10 inha-
court for
are between
narrow streets and alleys
150.000
inhabitants
bitants per apartment
NO space for
bikes
1 bascketball court for
small courtyards inside the buildings
150.000
inhabitants
NO space
NO space
for
for
storage
laundry line
1 park
NO space
in all the
for
NO space for
neighborhood
visitors
gardens
9
DomestiCITY
10
add a new city on top
use the existing facilities
preserve the existing
Strategies
The main intention of the proyect is preserve the existing conditions in the neighborhood. Embajadores and Lavapies have a unique and special atmosphere that you can not find anywhere else in Madrid; labyrinthic streets, people form different nationalities, exotic shops, bohemian cafĂŠs and bars... The strategies followed tries to keep these atmosphere and take them to a new elevated level that does not compete with the current fabric, but take advantages of the existing facilites inside and outside the buildings to work in a synergistic way.
DomestiCITY Masterplan Vertical connection STORAGE
Block 1 & 2 DWELLINGS EXTRA-ROOMS:
Roof Top COMMUNITY FACILITIES
The idea is to implant a new multilayer city in the top of the building providing new rooms for those who already live here (bigger kitchen, extra bedroom, storage room,etc...) and dwellings for new residents. 11
DomestiCITY What means DomestiCITY? room area
extent
Space
possession
residence
control
SPACE COMFORT RELATIONSHIP OWNERSHIP
Comfort
DomestiCITY
quiet
Ownership Relationship
home occupancy
interaction
family connection
agreement 12
wellbeing
intimacy
relax
ease
rest
DomestiCITY
Ingredients Spaces
13
DomestiCITY Activities
Space Features VIEW PANORAMIC VIEW SKY VIEW NATURAL LIGHT PRIVACY SPACE ADAPTABILITY NON PHASED ACTIVITY STEPED SPACES FLEXIBILITY OPEN SPACE
BBQing To project DomestiCITY, we start from redefining the space, looking for new optimum spaces based on everyday activities and others based on the new ways of living.
14
DomestiCITY Section
Plan
m
2
Rooms
The unit
22m2
13m2
15m2
12m2
15
DomestiCITY Dwelling typology cooking eating sleeping studying
cooking eating
sleeping studying
relaxing entrance hobby reading
Entrance level 1
relaxing watching TV gaming
entrance hobby reading
watching TV gaming
level 0
public corridor
84 m2
168 m2
More inhabitants, more space to live 16
252 m2
DomestiCITY
17
DomestiCITY
18
DomestiCITY
19
02 Playing
in a structure
PLAY IN THE CITY Francisco Burgos
When we talk about the design of objects for children, designers often make the mistake of over-figuration: a duck-shaped seat, a seesaw that is a horse, a frog or an elephant. But we all know that for a child just any stone can be a boat, a branch can be a horse and a lot of sand a castle. Those shapes that are not completely certain are the ones that stimulate more the imagination and the creative development of a child. Because one day a stone is a boat and the next day that same stone is a turtle or a race car.Is then a wise move to shape the slides as elephants in city playgrounds? The aim of this project is to imagine places where objects appear with a sufficient degree of abstraction as to not limit the child’s imagination. Any element can be whatever a child wants at any moment or even nothing specific, but simply that of which hangs, jumps, passes, or whatever that allows all kinds of games and movements
20
Playing in a structure
In dense cities all over the world there are lots of empty and abandoned plots in-between buildings usually long, dark and very narrow. This spaces are dirty voids in the urban fabric, wasted areas that can be used by the neighbors. Sometimes these narrow gaps are use just to propping up the buildings on each side with scaffoldings but, How about using the scaffoldings as a playground? How about creating a space for kids, neighbors, elders just around the corner? How about solving those forgotten areas and turn them on important points in the city?
What happend with 1 support?.............................and 2?............and 3 or more? 21
Playing in a structure Strategies SKYLINE VIEW
AREAS TO STAY / REST
OPENINGS FOR LIGHT
DENSER AREA FOR SAFETY
R 0,75 m
R 0,55m CONTINUITY IN GROUNDFLOOR
R 0,45m
22
The
strategies are simple. The distances between the sticks are the minimum that allow adults and children to climb and move through the whole structures in a safe way. The spaces that are created not just in the ground floor but in different heights are easily reached and provide areas of rest, enjoyment, and stay.
Playing in a structure
23
Playing in a structure
24
Playing in a structure Details
We
believe in a playground that have the appropriate risk to develop children personality and give them more challenges, more fun and enjoyment but without forgetting the safety in the whole place. This play area is not just focused in kids, it is a place for teenagers, or youngsters to work out, for adults that can stay there while watching up their children, for elders to stay and chat. This structure allows the entire neighborhood to climb to the top and enjoy the skyline view of the whole city.
This is a structure that solves a gap in the city. This is a structure that solves a gap in the neighborhood. This is a playscape.
25
03
MAD-BUILDING
RESIDENTIAL URBAN DESIGN Bernardo Ynzenga
The three chosen plots are located between Atocha´s and Delicias´s neighborhoods. The main problem of these areas are the total disconnection with the surrounding due to the railroads, the break in the topography and a not well resolved urbanism due to the change from the old industrial fabric to an new one made from offices and services which results in some empty spaces. According to this, our answer is dealing, on the one hand, with these problems; but on the other hand trying to find how people want to live in the 21st century and giving a common and total response to the three zones. In the 21st century people from the town is moving the city. People nowadays want to be collective, wants to be compact in the sense of having their work and the basic services near their house. In contrast to this feeling, the urban planning of the 21st century is creating huge city expansions along the suburbs with very low density and where the car is becoming more and more necessary.
26
MAD-BUILDING Strategies
1 12,4 ha
10,7 ha
2
6,2 ha
1
-increase the connectivity with the metro stations. -solve the railroad gap.
2
-create more connections between the 3 areas. -Apply the same strategy to the 3 zones.
27
MAD-BUILDING COMPACT CITY
Compact City
CONNECTIVITY
COMMERCE
10,879 sqm
ITY UN
SERVICES SIC
PEDESTRIAN
URBAN FACILITIES
41,580 sqm
BA COM M
SHORT DISTANCES
PEDESTRIAN / CAR DENSITY
OFFICE 16,990 sqm
DIFFERENT TYPOLOGIES
HEALTHCARE
Total area: 36,2 ha Density: 244 p/ha Housing: 265,000 sqm Urban facilities: 84,000 sqm SOCIAL COHESION
HOUSING
265,000 sqm
1,827 sqm
SUSTAINABILITY
COMMUNITY SPACE
28
EDUCATIONAL
R CA
We believe in a compact, sustainable and collective city, where the pedestrian is the protagonist. A compact city means less roads for cars, fewer resources used, less transportation and less impact in the environment. We believe in the ancient Kashba, the traditional Chinese house, the patio-houses in Seville, with a completely different and independent world in the interior. Our proposal is based on all these typologies; we want to create a mix-use neighborhood with patio-building typologies and a sense of collectivity in the entire area. Our project is composed by three “mat-buildings” that solves the railroads barriers and creates more connections with the current fabric.
MIX-USE
PUBLIC SPACE COMMUNTY LIFE
MAD-BUILDING
29
MAD-BUILDING Density compare to other cities
The importance to the public space first is given by the organization into a hierarchy of the different public spaces; streets, alleys, squares, patios…, which connects the inner spaces in-between the “MAD-building” with the urban space in a free and permeable way. All these allow the compatible connection between the pedestrians, cars and buildings.
30
MAD-BUILDING
Car circulation ground floor
Pedestrian circulation 1st floor
Greenery 31
MAD-BUILDING
72 m
Cell System
72 m
The “MAD-building� is a threestory building with a series of different collective housing sizes, services and streets. The aim of the project is a completely functional 72x72 meters cell which is multiplied and spread all over the surface trying to take advantage of every available meter connecting and sewing the different pieces of the existing fabric.
32
MAD-BUILDING
COMMERCE
COMMUNITY LIFE
KINDERGARDEN HEALTHCARE
COMMERCE
33
04
SLUM UPGRADING
LOW COST/EMERGENCY HOUSING MarĂa Teresa Diniz
LOCATION
More than the half of the world’s dwellings have been built with any regulation. This is the case of Sao Paolo, Brazil, where one third of the population lives in favelas. This is a problem that must be solved, people is building in any available squared meter. This slums are erected in high-risk areas (near rivers or slopes) and most of the time are in precarious conditions due to the lack of the infrastructures and facilities required. The intervetion area is located in Vila Cristina. This zone is surrounded by a river where all the sewage and drainage is going and contaminating it.
Vila Cristina
The aim of this project is definying the priorities in this settlement, preparing different programs to reactivate the zone, optimizing all the resources and stablish new systems of roads, sewage, drainage and water supply in order to reorganize and clean the entire neighborhood.
Sao Paolo 34
SLUM UPGRADING What is the situation in Vila cristina?
1,240 FAMILIES
78% BRICK CONSTRUCTION 22% WOOD CONSTRUCTION
590.43 in/ha
35
SLUM UPGRADING Removal Map
1.Risk
2.River
3.Infrastructure + Urbanism
36
SLUM UPGRADING New Infrastructure water proposal
sewage proposal
drainage proposal
Strategies LINK TO THE CITY
NODAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
PHYTOREMEDIATION
PHYTOREMEDIATION
37
SLUM UPGRADING Proposal
38
SLUM UPGRADING
After removing 488 families, the aim of the project is located them the closest as possible as they were before, so the new housing is projected near the river and in the south west slope. The proposal is based in a linear park surrounding all the neighborhood and linking it. It is a nodal system that starts and ends with two important points: the Agora/library and the Environmental school. This to buildings creates a circular movement throughout the entire settlement and give the same importance to all the facilities. Along the river we can find commerce, sport facillties, and shops to make the linnera park alive. Two phytoremediation pools are located where the river emerge in order to clean the water that comes out. An environmental school will teach the neighborhood how to take care of the river, and make them take part in all the process.
PARK
NEW SERVICES
UPGRADED FAVELAS 39
SLUM UPGRADING Housing typology
6,5
50 m2 8
40
Basic unit
50 m2
Increased unit
61 m2
Decreased unit
41 m2
SLUM UPGRADING MASTERPLAN
Phytoremediation pools
41
SLUM UPGRADING
42
HOUSING DESIGN
43
05 18
METRES DEPTH
DEEP HOUSE EXPERIMENTS Andrea Deplazes
5,5 6,6
8,3
11
16,5
The layout of a 100 m2 house changes depending on the depth of the building. The main problems that we have to deal with are the light and the space. When we talk about 6m or 18 m depth these problems are harder to solve.
15 m
The investigation of deep plan houses leads us to understand that many depths have common qualities and how a plan must be addapted to achieve good housing conditions.
12 m
In addition to this, there are some other question that must be solved in this workshop. The housing project must have at least 3 different sizes of dwellings, adding or substracting a room from the prototype. Besides, the building complex must be fitted in an imaginary plot of 100x100m. This project is an 18 m depth atelier where the open and double-height space is the protagonist, allowing all the light go through the house.
44
18 m
9 m 0 m
100 sqm
18 METRES DEPTH Dwelling assamblage
Evolution of the prototype
TUNNEL
The double-height allows the entrance to the prototype 1 trough a tunnel.
1 3 2
100 100 m2m2
85 85 m2m2
115 115 m2m2
Prototype
45
18 METRES DEPTH Type 2
Type 1 6 2,2
3,8
2,2
The housing complex consist of 3 different typologies that can be repited n times.This prototypes consist in 2 basic pieces: an open double-hight volume, and a closed 2,5m height piece hosting all the housing facilities in niches.
3,8
18
1
2,7
2,1
3,7
2,1
1,8
3,8
2,2
3,1
2
Section 1 46
18 METRES DEPTH
Second floor
First floor
Section 2
Ground floor 47
48
Loggia
Bedroom
Bedroom
Wardrobe
Sink
Toilet
Entrance
Bedroom
Shower
Sink
Toilet
Kitchen
Loggia
18 METRES DEPTH
Niches
18 METRES DEPTH
49
18 METRES DEPTH Faรงades catalogue
29 dwelling
17 dwelling
33 dwelling
50
18 METRES DEPTH Archetype catalogue CLOSED SQUARE Permeability (green areas) 144 units
72 units
24 units
54 units
54 units
54 units
54 units
72 units
144 units
144 units
45 units
48 units
45 units
57 units
OPEN SQUARE
Openness (city) Permeability (green areas)
STRIPES
Openness (city) Permeability (green areas) Equal conditions (dwellings)
CHESS
Openness (city) Permeability (green areas) Equal conditions (dwellings) Adapatability (urban conditions) 51
06 MR.
OTTER AND I
LIVE WITH/LIKE ANIMALS Hrvoje Njiric
Housing is a topic that can be explored in many ways. But, What happend when your client is an animal? The first step in designing a dwelling is understanding your client´s needs and terms. How is his way of living?How big must be the required space? Does he live in water? in trees? in caves? Six animales where choosen for this investigation: crab, moles, quetzal, otter, mountain goat and polar bear. When understanding all this, we can go further and start thinking how can we adapt this houses for humans, or the other way around, how humans and animals can share the same space. Starting from this particular house we can continue with a building complex, and even go further on and start exploring how all this buildings can be part of a masterplan. This project is a ZOOTOPIA.
52
MR. OTTER AND I
Hierarchy of activities Time LAND 40%
sleeping
swiming
Space LAND 40%
swiming
+
40-60 cm
- Mustalidae - Semiaquatic - Tolerate both freshwater and coastal marine - Dont dig dens - Renowed for their sense of play -They form family structures - 1 to 3 Pups - Cooperate while fishing
WATER 60%
eating
playing
exploring
cleaning
breeding
WATER 60%
eating
playing
exploring
sleeping
cleaning
breeding
53
MR. OTTER AND I Mr. Otter house DEN
HIGH TIDE
Swimming
DEN LOW TIDE HIGH TIDE
Eating
Section 1 LOW TIDE Exploring
HIGH TIDE
Playing
LOW TIDE HIGH TIDE
Sleeping LOW TIDE
Breeding
Section 2
Low tide: 40% water 54
70% water
MR. OTTER AND I
Mr Otter wanted a 100 m2 house with a minimun of 40 m2 for swimming and at least a small space for sleeping and breeding. He also insisted in a house where playing and exploring were different each day. According to this, the project is settled near a shore where the changing tides hide or show different parts of the dwelling. The house is design to have at least 40 m2 of water when the tide is low and 8 m2 of dry land when the tide is high.
high tide: 92% water 55
MR. OTTER AND I Living with Mr. Otter Mr. Otter like people, so he was agree in living with humans in community as long as the building complex allows permeability and connectivity between the water and the land. Therefore the house for a person should stick to those principals but changing the scale and the needs.
Building arrangement
??? ??
?
! 56
MR. OTTER AND I
57
MR. OTTER AND I Housing typology
4
2
4
4
4
1
15 15
Section 1 58
Section 2
MR. OTTER AND I
59
SCALE 1:500
ZOOT OP IA
M C H 2013
MR. OTTER AND I
ZOOTOPIA
60
MR. OTTER AND I
61
07 INHABITING
A SKYLIGHT
INHABITED SCREENS Cino Zucchi
What happend in the “interface” or “buffer” between the private and public space in a building? How does a façade fit in the urban context? How do a specific material or technology change the layout of an elevation? How does a building touch the gorund? The target of this proyect is to find new ways of housing design starting from the exterior, from the intermidiate space between the façade and the dwelling. The layout of the house is not necessary at this point, but a research must be done in this buffer zone. How does the housing complex interact with the street? or the sky? or the city? The masterplan, located in Madrid, consist in 9 plots in which each group have to design an “inhabited screen” conversing at the same time with the buildings or surrounding projects.
62
INHABITING A SKYLIGHT MASTERPLAN
63
INHABITING A SKYLIGHT References The light is an important feature in a house. The way it changes along the day and the seasons, in both the inner and outer space. We can manage how the light comes and create different atmospheres in the same place through different strategies. Depending on the size and depth of a window it can be just a window, a balcony or a gallery.
Rouen Cathedral, Monet 64
The project is based on both strategies, light and measures. Is about inhabiting a skylight. Sometimes this skylight is just for catching the light, sometimes is a room usable at a certain moment in the day, sometimes the skylight is big enough to host a dwelling on it.
Ronchamp, Le corbusier
INHABITING A SKYLIGHT Strategies
Light studies -Open as much as possible to the south. -Locate the main rooms in south faรงade. -Catch the western light through skylights in north faรงade and locate the bathrooms there. - Close as much as possible the faรงades facing the east and west buildings.
N 65
INHABITING A SKYLIGHT Typology
Bathtub
Duplex Balcony
Room
Triplex Gallery
66
INHABITING A SKYLIGHT Details
67
08 HOUSING:
A WORKING METHODOLOGY
FROM CITY TO HOUSE
Design process of a housing building
Dietmar Eberle
1 Before starting to design a project there are some hypothesis dealing with building that must be kept in mind: New time-frames: A building must lasts 100 years or more, not 20 or 30 year for commercial intentions.
Site
To start thinking in housing design we must start thinking in the site; regulations, norms standards, orientation, local background, etc.
Quantity and quality: quantity is the process of transfering knowledge into quality. Efficency: Use what we already have in a more efficent way. In order to create long-lasting and efficent building we must first think in the local background of the site and the contribution of our building to the place. Besides we must take into account the construction method and other interior features such as the comfort and flexibility of the design. Regarding to the settlements, the efficency and the time-frame is given by the environment and the individual well-being. All this can be achieve by thinking in densifyng, the construction of open buildings and the efficency use of the resources. 68
Madrid Principe Pio
HOUSING: A WORKING METHODOLOGY
What is the relation of the plot with the context and regulations? Which kind of volume fits the best in this are? In this case, the plot is isolated, just with some buildings infront of them. The entire are is full of greenery and open space, and is connected with MAdrid rio and the railway station. The plot is limited in the south by a 3m wall that separates it from the street.This wall go all along the edge of the street. As a starting point the proposed volume tries to speak the same language of the surroundigs not compiting either in height or size.
69
HOUSING: A WORKING METHODOLOGY 2
Envelope/Structure
realtion with the volume and the con21In m text, the next step is to think in the façade, materials, construction method, climatic condition, orientation, etc. 17,5 m
14 m
10,5 m ²
7m
3m
70
HOUSING: A WORKING METHODOLOGY 3
Layout
Divide the building according to the program thinking in the possible entrances to the site and the number and the size of the apartment per floor. The key to make this puzzle is placing the core in the right possition in order to make the most efficent and flexible layout.
57,3 m²
80 m²
48,41 m²
80m²
71
HOUSING: A WORKING METHODOLOGY 4
Improve
21 m
17,5 m
14 m
10,5 m ²
7m
3m
72
HOUSING: A WORKING METHODOLOGY
We hove to work over the results and improve them until achiving the target and ideas settled at the begginig.
58,8 m²
80 m²
48 m²
80m²
73
09 Share QUALITY OF LIFE Anne Lacaton
Quality of life is the starting point when thinking of the quality of housing. The quality of the housing has to do with pleasure, well-being, comfort, space. All this conditions are nothing but atmospheres created for that purpose. To create this atmosphere is not necessary the architect´s traditional way of thinking. A housing project can be made by fragments, using images or situations showing the main ideas and intentions. This housing project should talk about good conditions to live in the private and public space, in the individual or collective space, in how the project interact with the city. The main intend for this projecct is to generate sequences of spaces by different images (collages, accumulation, addition...) getting the sense of the environment that we want to achive.
74
Share Collective Space
Quality of life mean sharing because sharing is the beggining of the community and the community makes people be part of something. Quality of life means nature and city. Sharing nature we see more light. Sharing the city we create more life. The city should be part of different communities. The community should contain a place of belonging, a place to enjoy nature, a place for sharing. Nature
Community
City 75
Share Private Space
Nature
Community
City 76
Community
Private
Private
City
Nature
HOUSING SYSTEMS
77
10 METABOLIC
HIGHPOINT ONE
CONSTRUCTION AND TECHNOLOGY Ramon Araujo
Berthold Lubetkind projected Highpoint one in London in 1935. This building was designed following the principles of Le Corbusier.The cruciform scheme allowed cross ventilation and good views in every dwelling, and maximum open space in ground floor. The construction system used for this building was the climbing formwork, concrete walls built with a system of removable platforms that eliminated the need for scafolding and making the walls and floors monolithic. This was the first time that this system was applied in building construction. What happend if Highpoint I were built today? How can we tranform that building in an industrial and prefabricated one? Which systems would be the best for that?
78
Highpoint one
METABOLIC HIGHPOINT ONE
79
METABOLIC HIGHPOINT ONE METABOLIC Highpoint one NEW STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
UNIT
80
PRODUCID
METABOLIC HIGHPOINT ONE
Section
81
METABOLIC HIGHPOINT ONE Structural plan 10,31
6,65
7,37
5,87
7,37
6,65
10,31
2,1
2,1
2,1
2,1
2,1
2,1
7,2
2,1
2,1
2,1
2,1
2,1
2,1
20,6
2,1
82
2,1
2,1
2,1
2,1
7,23
21,11
7,17
2,1
2,1
2,1
2,1
2,1
METABOLIC HIGHPOINT ONE New housing typology
type A: 3 bedroom 87m2 type B: 2 bedroom 60m2 type C: 1 bedroom 41m2
C
C
B
C
B
A
B
C
B
A
83
METABOLIC HIGHPOINT ONE
84
METABOLIC HIGHPOINT ONE Detail
joint paraphet/external faรงade
85
METABOLIC HIGHPOINT ONE Faรงade System
86
METABOLIC HIGHPOINT ONE Sliding doors
2nd layer-sliding metal panels
4 prefabricated modules
87
METABOLIC HIGHPOINT ONE Cross Section
23.2
20
16.8
13.6
10.4
7.2
4
0
88
METABOLIC HIGHPOINT ONE
89
11 ENERGY
AND SUSTAINABILITY
ENERGY & SUSTAINABILITY Javier García Germán
Sustainability is becoming more and more important nowadays, even though still has little influence in architectural design. We must take into account the energy considerations since the preliminar decisions, because just with the shape or the constructive system we can build in a more efficent way.
New York
LAT: 40.78º N , LON: 73.97º W , ALT: 10 msnm
may to october (summer) comfort 69% of the time through passive strategies
The aim of this project is start working with an abstract housing block of 50m x 50m x 50m. This block would be located in New York and de objective is to adapt it to the local climatic conditions through concrete design strategies. The block would be a mix-use building with around 200 dwellings of 100m2 and other uses.
90
novemeber to april (winter) comfort 24% of the time through passive strategies
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY Sun path
Avg. Temperature
Rose wind
Humidity
sun protection
comfort zone
winter wind direction probability (%) speed (kms) temperature (ºC) wind direction probability (%)
summer
Sun’s altitude in winter goes from 25º to 50º while in summer reaches 73º. The better exposition for the winter is the south trying to collect all the sun. In summer the best strategy will be reducing the south and west orientation.
month jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec
% 59 59 61 58 62 60 58 65 67 62 65 64
speed (kms) temperature (ºC)
During summer time sun protection is needed, while in winter the average temperature is under the comfort zone, therefore the perfect strategy will be sun protection in summer and sun radiation gain in winter.
There are two main wind directions. In summer comes from the south at an average temperature of 22ºC. In winter the mainly direction is north west at an average temperature of 5ºC. The building must be protected from northwestern winds and open to the south.
There’s a high percetage of humidity all year long. Ventilation and evaporative cooling should be included in the building’s design.
91
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY Position, external chape and orientation
3
50
25
SUMMER
WINTER
50
100
25
50
100
50
4
50
2
50
1
in relation to the climate
12 am dic 21th
Orientation Priorities: - collect solar radiation in south faรงade during winter. - reduce solar radiation in western face in summer. 92
Steps: -enlarge south face for a better solar collection. -turn the building 10ยบ to the west to reduce western overheat. r.
-Split the volume in 2 slabs. -increase the height of the slab behind and reduce it the front for more solar gain. -separate volumes to avoid shading. r.
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY 5
6
7
12:00 AM jun 21th
19:00 AM jun 21th
-put cantilevers on top for summer shading -taller slab on the west for solar protection of the whole building.
Shape -split slabs to increase ventilation and reduce humidity accumulation
12:00 AM jun 21th
Conclusions: -winter solar collection in south faรงade. -summer shading in south faรงade. -protection from western overheat. -ventilation to reduce humidity accumulation. 93
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY Solar Radiation + Active systems
12:00 AM jun 21th
MER
SUM
W
IN
TE
R
PASSIVE MESSURES. -Cantilevers to protect from solar radiation in summer while in winter allows the solar incidence. -Program will be located in the coldest zones of the buildings.
94
12:00 AM dec 21th
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY OVERHEAT
GREEN HOUSE
GREEN ROOF
GREEN HOUSE
GREEN ROOF
Avg. hourly radiation
PRODUCERS
ACTIVE MESSURES. -Green roofs to protect solar radiation in summer and isolate the building in winter. -Green house to absorbe more radiation during winter.e -The vertical connection works as a heat chimney that brings hot air from the producers in the bottom to the dwellings throuh convection. 95
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY Humidity and ventilation
+
-
+
-
+
Winter
+
-
PRODUCERS The building is protected from the northwest cold wind in winter. It is open to the south wind in summer to coold down the surface and reduce humidity accumulation. 96
During winter windows and shelters are close to let the hot air from the producers go up to all the dwellings
Summer
-
PRODUCERS In summer the shelters are open to ventilate the building and avoid the hot air from the producers go up. Every dwelling has cross ventilation.
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY Thermodynamic concept
TE
R
su
n
GREEN HOUSE FROM PRODUCERS
IN
Winter
DISCO
COMPUTERS ROOM
SPORTS COURTS
YOUTH CENTRE
DISCO
W
Summer
GREEN HOUSE
Producers are in the bottom of the building to provide heat to the dwellings. The vertical communication in every tower performs as a hot air chimeney that heats the dwellings through convection.
In the south face of the vertical connection, green houses are attached to increase the sun collection during the winter. During the summer the green house 97
ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY Climatic Typology
TERRACE
GREEN HOUSE
ROOMS HIGH INERTIA MASS
LIVING
KITCHEN
VERTICAL
BATH
LIVING
ROOMS
CONNECTION
CROSS VENTILATION
BATH KITCHEN TERRACE SLIDING SHUTTERS
98
Unit
Materials
Rooms are faceing north while living room and kitchen face south
-All walls are made from concrete with high inertia mass to absorbe heat in winter and later radiate it into the dwelling
Summer
GLASS
Winter
materials
-The window of the living room has sliding shutters to let the solar radiation in in winter, and protect from it in summerg
SUMMARY
99
URBAN DESIGN DOMESTICITY
PLAYING IN A STRCTURE
Slowmadness
Play in the city
MAD-BUILDING Residential urban design
SLUM UPGRADING Low cost/emergency husing
Workshop Leader
Workshop Leader
Specialty Leader
Specialty Leader
Juan Herreros
Francisco Burgos
Bernardo Ynzenga
María Teresa Diniz
Assistant
Assistant
Assistant
María Auxiliadora Gálvez Javier Malo
Duration
Duration
Duration
Duration
7 days
6 days
8 days
5 days
Location
Location
Location
Location
Delicias, MADRID
Sao Paolo, Brasil
Embajadores, MADRID Lavapies, MADRID
100
Belen Gesto
HOUSING DESIGN 18 M DEPTH
MR. OTTER AND I
Deep house experiments
Live with/like
INHABITING A SKYLIGHT
HOUSING: A WORKING METHDOLOGY
Inhabited screens
From city to house
animals
Workshop Leader
Workshop Leader
Workshop Leader
Workshop Leader
Andrea Deplazes
Hrvoje Njiric
Cino Zucchi
Dietmar Eberle
Assistant
Assistant
Assistant
Assistant
Fernando altozano
Jose María Sanchez
Belen Hermida
Duration
Duration
Duration
Duration
5 days
5 days
5 days
5 days
Location
Location
Location
Zootopia
MADRID
Principe Pío, MADRID
Victor Olmos
101
HOUSING DESIGN SHARE Quality of life
HOUSING SYSTEMS METABOLIC HIGHPOINT
Construction and
ENERGY & SUSTAINABILITY
technology
Workshop Leader
Specialty Leader
Specialty Leader
Anne Lacaton
Ramón Araujo
Javier García German
Assistant
Assistant
Diego García Setién
Alia García German
Duration
Duration
Duration
5 days
6 days
10 days
Location
Location
LONDON
NEW YORK
All material of tis book has been taken from group works or lectures explained by the teachers in each area.
102
103
104
105
106