Aalto University School of Arts, Design and Architecture Department of Architecture CREATIVE SUSTAINABILITY PROGRAMME Sustainable Urban Design - Spring 2015
B A L
Keilaniemi - Otaniemi Trevor Harris | Antti Lehto | Aleksi Niemeläinen | Laura Delaney-Ruskeepää | Elitza Gerova | Anna-Kaisa | Aura Salmivaara
Anni-Mari Anttola | Davice Cucchi | Bice Lee Herold | Nikol Karabcová
L.
A.
Team
N.
D.
Bice Lee Herold
Anni-Mari Anttola
Nikol Karabcová
Davide Cucchi
bice.lee.herold@gmail.com
annimari.anttola@aalto.fi
nillinie@gmail.com
davidecucchi1991@gmail.com
Creative Sustainability, Aalto
Landscape Architecture, Aalto
Architecture and Urbanism, CTU in Prague
Building Engineering Architecture, Politecnico of Milan
Switzerland
Finland
Czech Republic
Italy
Anni-Mari is completing her master level studies in Aalto University with focus on Landscape Planning and Management and minor subject studies in multidisciplinary environmental sciences. She has a background in visual arts and natural sciences, within long term interest on environmental issues, which all blends together in her work. Anni-Mari’s special skill is drawing by hand - from small sketches into photo realistic pencil work. In her free time she occupies herself with photography, gardening, dog walking and wandering in nature.
Nikol is studying first year of masters program at Czech Technical University of Prague in the field of Architecture and urbanism. Her studies were focused on residential and public buildings even though she is recently more interested in urban planning and landscape architecture. Her aim is to learn how to create attractive, lively and resilient cities for people from the basic units to whole master plans. She appreciates multidisciplinary work as a way of creating functional future development. Nikol loves to travel and get to know new people and places.
Davide is an Exchange student at Aalto University, he is studying at Politecnico of Milan in the Building Engineering - Architecture Department and is now attending the second year of his Master‘s Degree. His Master‘s Degree programme is focusing both of Civil Engineering and Architecture Subejcts giving him a multidisciplinary background about the many aspects involved in each single construction process. Davide’s main interests are Building‘s Energy Efficiency, Wood constructions and Innovative Building construction‘s methods. In his free time he plays the guitar and sings in a rock band.
Lee is from Switzerland and a first year master student in Creative Sustainability. Her background is a Bachelor in interior architecture and scenography from FHNW in Basel, Switzerland. Her aim is to create healthy and sustainable societies. She sees the potential of urban design in designing a structure that includes the human aspect. She likes working in multidisciplnary teams and whenever she‘s stuck, she puts herself upside down and does a handstand.
Content Intro 5 Brief Keilaniemi History and Future Global problem Identity
Process 13 Keilaniemi Identity and Analysis
Concept 25 VISION Sustainability Themes and Tools Access Economy Liquid Space
Masterplan 39 Transportation Greens Block Structure Services and Functions Liquid Space
Timeline 67 Timeline
INTRO
BRIEF Background: • Keilaniemi, Otaniemi and Tapiola, so called T3-area, is developing at increasing speed into one of the most important urban hubs in the metropolitan area. • Studio’s content follows city’s strategy, in which the T3-area has been assigned as a test bed for sustainable urban development.
• The area will be developed strongly in the future. • The design case has real background and need from the client’s perspective. • Currently Keilaniemi area is lacking diversity - after a working day is over the business district is very quiet and there’s hardly any life on the streets.
• However, Keilaniemi has potential to become a vivid, multifunctional urban hub due to its excellent location Current objective is to increase the amount of residents by people 6000 in Otaniemi and by 2000-5000 in Keilaniemi area. • Connecting Keilaniemi and the resources in knowledge and estates in Otaniemi campus area offers new possibilities for developing the whole area. • Visions created in the studio are for long-term development; open-minded approach is welcome.
source: maps.google.com
• The new metro line is under construction at the moment and will be operating in near future, causing pressure and potential for urban development in the area.
• The symbolic meaning of Keilaniemi as the gate to the City of Espoo enhances area’s importance.
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INTRO
Core of the Studio: • A sustainable and resilient overall concept for the area
• Researching new energy solutions
• New conceptual and physical connections between Keilaniemi and Otaniemi
• Adding biodiversity main learning objectives
• Increasing attractiveness and amount of residents in the area
• Foreseeing aspects of the future society and planning framework
• Regenerating Keilaniemi: vividness, new business and service possibilities
• Learning and developing tools and design methods for sustainable urbanism
• Creating a new, strong identity and urban landscape as well as adjusting it to the surrounding environment
• Learning multidisciplinary design process
KEILAB/L.A.N.D LEE HEROLD, ANNIMARI ANTTOLA, NIKOL KARABCOVÁ, DAVIDE CUCCHI
ARK-E5505 SUSTAINABLE URBAN DESIGN 2015
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, AALTO UNIVERSITY
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KEILANIEMI HISTORY AND FUTURE Past
In last decades Keilaniemi became very quickly the new business center of Espoo. With its interesting position as a gate of this city, great traffic connection and links to neighboring areas, Keilaniemi represents one of the most valuable administrative and business districts in Helsinki area. Contemporary Keilaniemi is home for wide spectrum of international companies from Fortum, which is located in the biggest objects of this area, across Rovio or Cone to Microsoft, which is now new owner of Nokia building located in the south of peninsula. But this is just a fraction of the tenants who run their companies in this locality. Keilaniemi is a typical city district developed on the car cult, it is set by its position between Helsinki city center and Espoo which are connected by highway no. 51 with direction to the south-west of Finland and which is going just across the peninsula. Another factor could be the lack of public transport to this locality together with the fact that Keilaniemi is a center for company managements, which means high-ranking managers who prefer private cars. Good example of this issue could be a helicopter pad connected to Microsoft buildings.
Present 2015
The earliest air photos of Keilaniemi from 1930’s show very different Keilaniemi from what it is today. There was no highway, glass buildings nor bridges, but a forested peninsula with a sandy beach enclosed by coniferous forests and small agricultural fields in Southern valley. The nature of Keilaniemi was defined by rocky outcrops and moraine slopes. The oldest remaining building is the manorhouse of Sinebrychoff from 19th century. In 1950 the bridge from Helsinki to Espoo was already built and in the early 70’s large areas of forest was chopped down giving way to development of Tapiola and Otaniemi. Länsiväylä was prepared for more heavy traffic but the Eastern Keilaniemi still remained untouched. In 1979 the story of the business oriented Keilaniemi began with the famous Fortum tower as the highest office building in Finland. At the beginning of 2000 the business center was starting to look the way it is in 2015 with its overbuilt and concrete covered shoreline.
source: www.paramotor.fi
As for a real city there is no much history and therefore Keilaniemi will be the city of future.
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INTRO
Future Plans (by Espoo) It is possible to see this approach in the whole locality: roads and cars are the main urban creators, buildings are made mostly for car access and Keilaniemi has a serious lack of functional public space. But also bad lack of users, people and residents; Keilaniemi in the way how is perceived today (it means right half of the Keilaniemi peninsula) practically doesn‘t have any residents and only users of this locality are the employees of local companies, which don´t spend their free time in their working zone. It means that Keilaniemi becomes ghost town every single day after 18:00. The left residental half of peninsula is now more part of Tapiola. Even though living in this area could be presented like friendly living in the nature, it doesn´t have clear and functional public spaces and parks to create community feelings. At this time Keilaniemi is under construction: the new Metro line is being built and will be finished in 2016. City of Espoo plan is to invest in new development in this location which should bring around 5000 new inhabitants.
Nowadays the districts of Otaniemi, Keilaniemi and Tapiola represent Northern Europe’s largest innovation hub. The area and its lively activities are well described by the name Innovation garden (T3 area). A total of 5,000 researchers, 25 research and development organisations and a number of Finnish listed companies operate in this area. People of 100 different nationalities working in the area make it a community of strong international character. The active centre of science and business is enriched by abundant offering of arts, sports and cultural events.
This vision of Keilaniemi with four towers and covered highway is powerful but there is still space for imagination as nothing is being built yet. In this booklet we will explore an alternative future for the peninsula city.
source: www.paramotor.fi
These particular conditions are the reason why there are many plans for the future of Keilaniemi; first of all by 2016 West Metro, the largest infrastructure project in Finland, will connect the capital region even better. Secondly the profile of the area will be
strengthened by the tallest residential and office buildings in Finland: four 36 stories high towers for a total of 1200 new flats. For these huge numbers new infrastructures will be necessary, like the project of a 500 meters long tunneled highway, which is planned to be located right behind the 4 towers. But there are going to be changes even in the social field of Keilaniemi: a renewed culture and shopping district as well as a new university village for students, researchers and entrepreneurs.
KEILAB/L.A.N.D LEE HEROLD, ANNIMARI ANTTOLA, NIKOL KARABCOVÁ, DAVIDE CUCCHI
ARK-E5505 SUSTAINABLE URBAN DESIGN 2015
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, AALTO UNIVERSITY
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GLOBAL PROBLEM We’re facing a difficult situation; population is growing, resources are getting scarce and the eco system is about to collapse. Many planetary boundaries are exceeded without knowing what the consequences will be. Looking at Finland, we can see the high ecological footprint compared to the global average. If we want to reach the goal of reducing the Finnish material footprint by over 50% by 2050 we have to make a change – now. Considering the fact that more and more people are moving to the city, we as urban planners can have an impact and design a city that goes easy on resources and supports a sustainable lifestyle.
AVERAGE EUROPEAN MATERIAL FOOTPRINT 2011-2050 source: spread baseline Research 2011 & Demos Helsinki
2011
2050
27,376 kg
Target: 7,936 kg
30‘000 kg
Consumer commodities of households
20‘000 kg
Food and drink Mobility and tourism
10‘000 kg
Electricity and heating Construction
ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT
PLANETARY BOUNDARIES
6.0
Carbon 4.15 gha
5.0
Grazing 0.18 gha
4.0 Forest
0.4 gha
3.0
Finland
Cropland 1.1 gha Average
0.0
Built-up Land 0.09 gha TOTAL 6.18 gha
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INTRO
Genetic diversitiy
Functional diversity
Land-system change
Novel Entities
?
?
Stratospheric ozone depletion
?
Fishing 0.26 gha
2.0 1.0
Climate Change
Biosphere integrity
Freshwater use
Atmospheric aerosol loading Phosphorus Nitrogen
Biochemical flows
Ocean acidification
IDENTITY Problems
Possibilities
The identity of Keilaniemi is currently defined by traffic lanes and business area. In the other hand there are also areas for living and nature, but they are disconnected from the whole by Länsiväylä and Karhusaarentie. The business center performs only from 9 to 17 creating traffic congestion on early and late hours but outside that it is a grey zone without any function. Shoreline at the business park is heavily overbuilt and has lost its ecological features.
The positive features of Keilaniemi are good connections to Tapiola and Otaniemi, with also the Metro coming and the closeness to Helsinki. As a peninsula Keilaniemi has a long shoreline and the existing shoreline promenade has a great potential for recreation. Also the geographical location at the sea shore is highly valued by citizens in metropolitan areas. The remaining spots of nature along the coastline creates a zone for biodiversity.
A NOISY TRAFFIC ZONE, SEPARATED AREAS, OVERBUILD SHORE LINE AND LACK OF ACTIVITIES. KEILAB/L.A.N.D LEE HEROLD, ANNIMARI ANTTOLA, NIKOL KARABCOVÁ, DAVIDE CUCCHI
T3 CONNECTIONS, GATEWAY TO HELSINKI, THE NETWORK OF SHORELINE NATURE.
ARK-E5505 SUSTAINABLE URBAN DESIGN 2015
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, AALTO UNIVERSITY
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PROCESS
14
PROCESS
ANALYSIS To include Keilaniemi to context and network it to its surroundings, we defined the borders of our area as the whole peninsula and not only Keilaniemi.
Borders
source: maps.google.com
SCHWARZPLAN
KEILAB/L.A.N.D LEE HEROLD, ANNIMARI ANTTOLA, NIKOL KARABCOVÁ, DAVIDE CUCCHI
ARK-E5505 SUSTAINABLE URBAN DESIGN 2015
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, AALTO UNIVERSITY
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LANDSCAPE
Shoreline Habitats
Green Networks
sea forests/parks scattered green/residential built shoreline open lawns
forests/woods
reefs
recreational routes
conservation area
blue-green network
Floods and Sea Level
Values and Problems
significant views flying squirrel observation hierarchial points natural landscape borders rocky outcrops
16
<0.5 m
woodland biodiversity
0.5 - 1m
valley bottoms/water catchment
1 - 2m
beach
2 - 3m
build shoreline/disturbed hydrology
>3m
highway/noise
PROCESS
POPULATION
300
Growth in %
Thousands
from 2015-2040 Finland 200
Finland
Helsinki
Espoo
5‘451‘270
612‘664
260‘753
8.8
Espoo
21.6
Helsinki
17.4
100
Espoo Helsinki rest of Finland
300000 0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
POPULATION FINLAND
First Generation Second Generation
IMMIGRATION
131'816
200000
with an average age of 39 years
128'937
100000
with an average age of 36.4 years 100
0
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
-14 15 - 64 65 -
90 80 70
POPULATION GROWTH
60 50 80
40 70
30 60
20 50
10 40
0
under 15 15 to 64 over 64
30
20
POPULATION ESPOO
10 0 1990
2000
2010
2020
children
2030
2040
2050
elderly
DEPENDENCY RATIO
KEILAB/L.A.N.D LEE HEROLD, ANNIMARI ANTTOLA, NIKOL KARABCOVÁ, DAVIDE CUCCHI
ARK-E5505 SUSTAINABLE URBAN DESIGN 2015
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, AALTO UNIVERSITY
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ENERGY
Solar energy
Geothermal Energy
Solar Energy
high solar potential high solar potential
very good soil good soil unidentifiable soil good bedrock very good bedrock inadapt soil
18
low solar potential
PROCESS
low solar potential
S
W Green area - sea shore + view
Gray zone - offices only = one functionality
Helsinki - connections and neighbourhood
T3 Area - financial support + development
O
- HUB + cross road
- lack of inhabitants, services and facilities
Heavy traffic - noise + barrier dividing area
“Gate” to Espoo
Nature management
Transport connections (network)
Short history - no identity
Defined borders
Low density + not walkers friendly
Peninsula - identity + destination
Ghost town + more cars
Sustainable transportation - metro
Peninsula - closed location
Sea - development + leisure + relax + transport
HUB - growth + people (participation + interaction)
Grey economics
Green system
Cultural preservation
Encouragement for sustainable behavior / living
Rising see levels
Visibility
Wasting natural resorses/materials
- disruption of nature balance
T
SWOT ANALYSIS
solved area districts edges (barriers) surroundings nodes landmarks natural landmarks LYNCH ANALYZE KEILAB/L.A.N.D LEE HEROLD, ANNIMARI ANTTOLA, NIKOL KARABCOVÁ, DAVIDE CUCCHI
ARK-E5505 SUSTAINABLE URBAN DESIGN 2015
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STAKEHOLDERS
Text2MindMap.com
PROBLEM The problem of the bigger area of Keilaniemi is the inefficient use of space, infrastructure and resources. Considering the climate conditions of Finland, the way of using space has a big influence on the environment because of the long and resource intensive heating periods. Another factor is the socially accepted norm of overconsumption. The way material is consumed and handled is not sustainable, when for example thinking about the distance that items such as cloths or food travel before reaching the end consumer. Not only the distance and way of how items travel are impactful, also the way we humans use transportation. A factor of sustainability that very often is ignored, are social aspects such as physical and psychological health. An issue that is known in the area is for example isolation and loneliness.
PROBLEM AREAS
• double use of space, infrastructure and resources • overconsumption • isolation and loneliness • mobility and transportation
GLOBALISATION AND LOCALISATION
NOW
DESIRED FUTURE SCENARIO
globalisation of everything
globalisation of immaterial things and localisation of material things
STAKEHOLDER MAP
20
PROCESS
Culture
Healthcare
Energy
Experience/Knowledge
Information
Work/Jobs
Cooperation
Communication
Travel
Food/Agriculture
Goods/Items
Leisure/Hobby
Industry
Fuel
Fashion
FIRST SUSTAINABILITY CONCEPT The sustainability concept evolved from the idea of not looking at the different components individually, but to see the potential of strengthening their combination sustainably. When putting the different aspects into context with other factors a more holistic and fruitful opportunity appears for sustainable development.
Landuse & Buildings
E
Traffic
working and living coast water components (orientation, materials) roads (path, streets, bikepath)
public transport accessibility bike paths
A
D
J
F
Ideas
Nature
Energy renewable (solar energy) waste heat smart grid
I
G
Eco System Services green network preservation & creation water
H
B
C
A
Energy
+
Traffic
street light, efficiency, public park‘n‘ride
B
Energy
+
Social & Community
lifestyle, energy tracking
C
Social & Community
+
Nature
famring, connection and identity, relaxation, exloration
D
Landuse & Buildings
+
Nature
smart, green houses, greenhouse,
E
Landuse & Buildings
+
Traffic
accessibility, human friendly
F
Energy
+
Landuse & Buildings
selfefficient, waste heat
G
Social & Community
+
Traffic
bike and car sharing
H
Energy
+
I
Landuse & Buildings
+
Social & Community
density (bone&meat)
J
Nature
+
Traffic
green roads, slow move, noise protection
renewable energy, respectful harvest
Social & Community functions services (public transport, open multiuse space, recreation, consumption and everyday needs) workers community network
KEILAB/L.A.N.D LEE HEROLD, ANNIMARI ANTTOLA, NIKOL KARABCOVÁ, DAVIDE CUCCHI
ARK-E5505 SUSTAINABLE URBAN DESIGN 2015
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, AALTO UNIVERSITY
21
ow
le d
ge
CONNECTIONS
Espoo
Otaniemi
rvi
re ltu Cu
Se
ce
s
Bi ol og
y
Kn
goods material administration
hno Tec Future
Tapiola
y
we
e
kl
y
ne
reneurs
Work Se rvi ce Keilaniemi s
m
y
zo
ne
b
hl
hu
o
nt
on
ati
ov
Inn
zo
y zone
Entrep
goods materials
e ver
da
e
edg
owl
Kn logy
goods services
Helsinki
T3 AREA
4 DIFFERENT PARTS 22
HANDSKETCHES OF TRAFFIC AND CONNECTION
MAIN ACCESS ROADS
TRAFFIC PLAN
PROPERTY PROCESS
CENTER
COMPLETION PRINCIPLE
DEVELOPMENT OF MASTERPLAN
SECTION
STEP 1
STEP 2
KEILAB/L.A.N.D LEE HEROLD, ANNIMARI ANTTOLA, NIKOL KARABCOVÁ, DAVIDE CUCCHI
STEP 3 ARK-E5505 SUSTAINABLE URBAN DESIGN 2015
STEP 5
STEP 6 DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, AALTO UNIVERSITY
23
CONCEPT
VISION
New vision for Keilaniemi The pursuit of sustainability within every aspect of the urban design and the will of enhancing Keilaniemi’s local features lead to the development of a new, real “city” which grows from the water and organically, through the green network, raises up to the glass business buildings, symbol of the district’s identity, which are now organised into a smart, efficient and human friendly grid.
LAB
26
CONCEPT
KEILAB/L.A.N.D LEE HEROLD, ANNIMARI ANTTOLA, NIKOL KARABCOVÁ, DAVIDE CUCCHI
ARK-E5505 SUSTAINABLE URBAN DESIGN 2015
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, AALTO UNIVERSITY
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CONCEPT
SUSTAINABILITY
Access economy dynamic and sustainable lifestyle
City-forming grid human friendly and functional urbanism
Green city preserved and regenerated nature for people
Sustainable mobility
Local resources
accessible and save network
KEILAB/L.A.N.D LEE HEROLD, ANNIMARI ANTTOLA, NIKOL KARABCOVĂ , DAVIDE CUCCHI
respecting nature
ARK-E5505 SUSTAINABLE URBAN DESIGN 2015
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, AALTO UNIVERSITY
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30
CONCEPT
THEMES AND TOOLS The new cityscape of KeilLab is created by different tools and strategies. They will form the hardware - the city structure - allowing people to live in unique, enjoyable and more sustainable way. These tools will also contribute to ecological sustainability allowing also other living organisms other than humans - meaning plants, insects and soil life to support themselves as a part of the locality.
KEILAB/L.A.N.D LEE HEROLD, ANNIMARI ANTTOLA, NIKOL KARABCOVĂ , DAVIDE CUCCHI
Human Scale
Floating Wetland
Landfill
Traffic Valley
Green structures
Network
ARK-E5505 SUSTAINABLE URBAN DESIGN 2015
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, AALTO UNIVERSITY
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ACCESS ECONOMY
In the urban context, our approach includes the idea of access as a tool for equality by providing access for everyone and not only a selected group of people. When targeting a wide spread audience, the urban context can help to support behaviour of sharing among citizens.
How to find out what to share:
Accessibility
suitable for sharing 100%
use intensity
The concept of Access Economy is based on the limits to growth. Thereâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a discrepancy between the finite source supplies and the exponential growth of population and economy. Access economy could be a solution for this dilemma. Instead of aiming for possession and new purchases, access economy provides access to goods and services and therefore reduces the dependency on material. Instead of owning a car with a daily use span of 1h and 23h of occupying a parking lot, car sharing is the sustainable answer to raise the use intensity during a goodsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; lifespan. The idea of access economy is built on the sharing economy with the difference that sharing is on a more mutual level of exchange whereas access economy is a clear economical and commercial principle of selling and buying services.
infrastructure
office space
phone
geographical cross generational
laptop
ethnical
50%
financial
parking space
toothbrush 0%
tools
privacy
Things To Share
SPACE
OTHER
Office Kitchen Living room Bathroom Toilet Storage Laundry Gym Workshop Sauna Rooftop Garden Parking
THINGS
Items:
Animals:
Plants:
bike car boat
pets insects
indoor plants garden plants edible plants veggies mushrooms
cloth books furniture acessoirs kitchen utensils TV electronics instruments toys
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CONCEPT
NON-THINGS
kowledge experience information culture collective knowlegde
Culture Making content
Software
Hardware
the flexible factor
the slow adaptor
SOCIAL FABRIC
ARCHITECTURE
PARTICIPATION AND INCLUSION; integrate people in processes
frame
LIVELY; pedestrian areas, accessible
DEMOCRACY; let them be part of the city, make the city theirs
SAFE; segregation of cars, synoptic, urban furniture
INCREASE TRUST AND RESPONSABILITY
HEALTHY; bike friendly, green, coastal
VALUE FOR SUSTAINABILITY; create mindset and mental models
ATTRACTIVE; center, services, inviting
ACTIVE AND SUSTAINABLE LIFESTYLE; promote and encourage but not force,
SUSTAINABLE; energy selfsufficient, material
The Software-Hardware Approach Urban design in our eyes is not only about architecture, infrastructure and energy supply, but also about people and customers who live and work there. To actively integrate the social fabric into the design process, we’ve developed a ‘Hardware-Software’ approach, which creates a dialogue between the static and the flexible factor. We want to avoid a situation where 1% of the people (architects and planners) design for 100% of the people (citizens) but instead create a culture of cooperation and trust where 100% creates for 100%. We want to encourage a momentum of mutual influence despite the different tempos of adaptiveness. KEILAB/L.A.N.D LEE HEROLD, ANNIMARI ANTTOLA, NIKOL KARABCOVÁ, DAVIDE CUCCHI
ARK-E5505 SUSTAINABLE URBAN DESIGN 2015
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, AALTO UNIVERSITY
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LIQUID SPACE The problem that we face right now in Keilaniemi is the double use of space. We consume in many ways the double amount of resources than needed. Let’s take the working and living situation of an average employee as example: 2 spaces are heated for 24h although one can only spend time at one place at a time. Not only heating and cooling, also the resources that were used to build the space, the electricity, the infrastructure, the maintenance and the distance that has to be overcome. That model used to make perfect sense when for example working at a factory where the physical presence of the employees was inevitable. Today the situation is different. In many jobs we no longer need any physical devices as long as we have a laptop and Internet access. The physical items become digital and the locality of the working place become subsidiary.
DIGITALISATION OF PHYSICAL ITEMS
1010100 1011010100 1011010 0100101 1010100101 1010100 0111010 0100111010 0100111 0100100 1110100100 1110100 1101010 1011101010 1011101 1001100 0101001100 0101001 1010100 1011010100 1011010 0100101 1010100101 1010100 0111010 0100111010 0100111
PROBLEM
WORKING
LIVING
=
2X
- resources for house - heating/cooling - electricity - access to connection/infrastructure - maintainance and cleaning - distance between spaces (transportation emissions)
SOLUTION
The core idea of Liquid Space is to keep one part of a space open for different purposes to increase the efficiency and the use of it. Liquid Space is a concept of ‘space as service’ where one has access to the space when needed; else it’s used by others or for other purposes. In this way the amount of built or maintained square meters can be reduced without cutting down on the needed or desired quantity of space.
LIQUID SPACE
Similar models are aleady successful implemented such as Airbnb or diverse co-working spaces.
WORKING
34
LIVING
CONCEPT
8 34 567 678 12 1234 5
2‘78198
#6529
Please verify yourself, either online or in the Liquid Space office and create an account.
3. Access:
2. Insurance:
ONLINE IN PERSON
1. Verification:
How it works:
For safety and insurance reasons please share your credit card informations and accept the conditions. For a higher credibility, we reccomend you to also connect with online platforms such as facebook or airbnb.
Congratulations! You‘re now a Liquid Space Member. You now have access to the Liquid Spaces
Step 2
Step 4
1 sleeping
Tell us how private you want this space to be
sleeping working living
AB TO OUT OL R ITT IGHT LE
JU
m2
ST
CH
HO
DW
AN
ME
AN
ME
ON
LY M
E
Tell us how much space you use and if this is too much, just about right or too little
DS
PE C
IAL
Step 3
MU
working excercising eating storing living sleeping cooking washing showering bathing ...
sleeping working living
24
Enter the information about the space you have and the space you like.
KEILAB/L.A.N.D LEE HEROLD, ANNIMARI ANTTOLA, NIKOL KARABCOVÁ, DAVIDE CUCCHI
We reccomend you to: move into a Double Decker PRIVATE SPACE
3 living
LIQUID SPACE
Tick your personal activities:
5. Recommendation:
2 working
ON E EV S ER
Step 1
TO O
4. Personalisation:
Arrange them according to use intensity. (1 consumes a lot of time - 10 consumes little time)
22 m2 sleeping living
20 m2 working
Here‘s our reccomendation for you:
ARK-E5505 SUSTAINABLE URBAN DESIGN 2015
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some stories from users LS PROJECT: very actively contributing to the LS project
MOTIVATION: just moved in together, money
NEED:
SPACE:
Silver, 35, 37
3-8 months
office space for 10 people, spread out over Keilaniemi
only need of more space on the weekends
Startup
TIMEFRAME:
MOTIVATION: fast growth of work and employees
Couple Clement, 33 and Cristel, 29
.it
Company
season-dependent need of space
Filppula, 37, 32, 5
since 2020
kitchen, break room, lounge
MOTIVATION:
Family
TIMEFRAME:
SPACE & EQUIPMENT:
MOTIVATION:
DEAL:
space and money
‚night guards‘ of the office
VERIFICATION: online
TIMEFRAME:
click.it
VERIFICATION:
1-4h/day
online
BONUS: best cookies
Student Steven, 26
VERIFICATION: face to face in the office Senior
SAFETY:
SECURITY:
present in person
taking LS-pictures when arriving and leaving
SPACE:
NEEDS: an easy place to work with a chat every now and then
MOTIVATION: concentration for studying, getting out of the house
cosy livingroom
Saara, 78
MOTIVATION:
TIMEFRAME:
social company
1-8h/day
PRIVATE KEILAB/L.A.N.D LEE HEROLD, ANNIMARI ANTTOLA, NIKOL KARABCOVÁ, DAVIDE CUCCHI
LIQUID
ARK-E5505 SUSTAINABLE URBAN DESIGN 2015
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, AALTO UNIVERSITY
37
MASTERPLAN
Framework
New Masterplan
Keilaniemi is now in breakthrough situation with its future development. As one of the biggest business centres of Helsinki area it already found its investors, but with the upcoming metro and new T3 plan many things will change. Espoo decided to invest in this locality big amounts of money and future constructions already have their plans.
The aim of the new master plan is to transform Keilaniemi into a sustainable district, which will become active and resilient thanks to its own dynamics and identity. It should become a compact ecofriendly city which will be able to gain profit from its unique geographical position and local resources and not only dedicated to business but also to everyday life.
“No towers”
New master plan is based on a compilation of different aspects. One of the pillars of this project was the green network which is not existing at the moment, but has the potential to develop into a bigger scale and exceed the borders of Keilaniemi peninsula. Another aspect was the traffic issue which is connected also with finding new grid for new housing development. The grid was set on the base of existing builded areas and street network in three specific areas from which Keilaniemi consists.
City of Espoo prepared a plan for future Keilaniemi consisting of a tunnel or a land cover for big part of Keilaniemi ring road, four residential towers and the transformation of Fortum building into a new function: a block of flats in the case of the tower and a shopping mall in the case of the lower building. This plan will need huge investments for infrastructures and the construction process itself. A possible critique should be the fact that the towers have not a “city creating behaviour”, or, somehow, that this kind of urban typology doesn’t fit to the image of the typical Finnish house. This new development is trying to get the maximal density from zero. Contemporary Keilaniemi (as the eastern side of the peninsula) doesn´t have any residents, it is only an administrative and business district and one of its biggest problems is the lack of services and potential leisure activities. New plans don‘t seem to bring any satisfactory solution for this problems. The transformation of the Fortum tower into an apartment block is tricky, not from the construction point of view, but from the meaning of this process: this building is one of the symbols of the Keilaniemi of business, so it won‘t be easy to find an attractive and “respectful” way how to transform this concrete statue into a friendly and inviting space. The new city center is supporting the idea of the “lonely Keilaniemi” with a big square which could be properly used in this geographical location only for limited part of the year. Moreover the city around is missing and doesn´t have space were to organically grow. Another aspect is also the boulevard which doesn‘t help to solve the problem of car cult and just doubles the traffic flow across the peninsula. Even though it is a question if the future plan of tunnel and four towers is the best solution for Keilaniemi’s development, it’s almost certain that at least one part will be realized.
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MASTERPLAN
Traffic problematic was solved with the pedestrian friendly city attitude which tried to separate passing-through traffic from the light traffic, public transport, people and cycling network. The tool of the traffic channel was originally created for acting as a noise barrier for new buildings and to separate the passing-through flow from the rest of city. Theoretical and important principle for future Keilaniemi is the Access Economy approach which is part of concept of KeiLAB. This Economical system will overlap practical life to work life and it’s based on hardware and software theory. This will create the liquid spaces. Liquid spaces are closely connected with another big issue of future Keilaniemi, floating structure, which should be developed in the Keilalahty bay and would consist mostly of this kind of space. Liquid space can easily be implemented also into already existing buildings. We can find the influence of even more tools in the master plan, like energy solutions, center of the city, services distribution, hub organizations or human scale. The main aim is always to reach sustainability and this particular background should help Keilaniemi to find the way to its future.
KEILAB/L.A.N.D LEE HEROLD, ANNIMARI ANTTOLA, NIKOL KARABCOVÁ, DAVIDE CUCCHI
ARK-E5505 SUSTAINABLE URBAN DESIGN 2015
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, AALTO UNIVERSITY
41
TRANSPORTATION
ROAD NETWORK Framework Keilaniemi will have a green traffic structure with clear separation of the traffic flows, easy access to effective public transport, which are going to be improved, and prioritisation of pedestrians and cyclists. The establishment of the Lansimetro will effectively speed up the connection with Helsinki and Espoo city centres; moreover the new tramway and the enhanced bus system, together with a new, fast and green cycling network will make all of Keilaniemi accessible to cyclists and people using public transport. The traffic network developement involves the ecological, social and economical fields trying to achieve the goals of pollution reduction, people’s mental and physical health and revitalization of the city centre.
Principles The traffic channel: differently from Espoo development plans, no tunnel will be built; an uncovered “channel” will be built instead. Improvement of the Public transport: new Metro line, new tram
lane, more bus’ routes. Car free centre: due to the optimization of public transports, par-
kings and the difficult access for cars, the city centre will be entirely reserved for cycling and walking.
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MASTERPLAN
TRAFFIC CHANNEL The idea of the traffic channel comes from two main points: • the necessity of preserving a fast connection between Espoo and Helsinki; • the will of not creating an expensive, covered tunnel. The basic strategy for the creation of the channel consists in excavating about 115’000 m3 of land - rather than approximately 170’000 m3 as in City’s plans - to create a 500 m uncovered “canyon” with a 30 m wide street section. The channel will have 3 + 3 lanes 3.25 m wide and the maximum speed limit will be 60 km/h, similarly to Espoo’s plans. The choice of not covering the channel will allow the city to reduce the costs for building this infrastructure, moreover the dug land will be used as construction material for the planned landfills.
The main problems to be solved are: • the access to Keilaniemi; • the link between western (Tapiola side) and eastern Keilaniemi; • the noise produced by heavy traffic. For the accessibility 3 roundabouts have been designed, which will guarantee an easy entrance for cars and buses to every part of the peninsula. The connection between Tapiola’s and Keilaniemi’s side will be achieved by the construction of 5 walking & cycling bridges. For reducing the noise level, as well as the pollution one, two rows of trees are going to be planted along the channel’s sides. In the future solar cells with leave’s shape (accumulating energy from the sunlight and from the wind) can be installed along the channel to provide energy for street lights and signs.
KEILAB/L.A.N.D LEE HEROLD, ANNIMARI ANTTOLA, NIKOL KARABCOVÁ, DAVIDE CUCCHI
ARK-E5505 SUSTAINABLE URBAN DESIGN 2015
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, AALTO UNIVERSITY
43
PUBLIC TRANSPORT Public transportation As mentioned before, between transportation sustainability’s goals there are pollution reduction and the creation of a car free centre; in order to achieve these goals the public transportation system has to be enhanced.
Metro line The new metro line will represent the fastest connection from Keilaniemi to Helsinki city centre (10 minutes). Due to the central position of the new station this means of transportation will be easily reachable by many users and this is the reason why in this place there is going to be an overlapping of different transportation system. Moreover a big interchange parking lot is going to be located closer than 100 meters to the Metro station. In addition to being a huge transportation node the station will also be part of the new lively city centre.
Tram track The new tram track, connecting southern Keilaniemi to Otaniemi, will also bring much life inside the urban atmosphere and will represent a more efficient alternative to cars’ routes. The main strategy is to locate stops near the city hubs within a distance of 250-300 meters.
THE TRAM LANE MAX SPEED: 30 KM/H
One of the advantages of the tram lane will be the use of a green cover for its tracks, which will then act as new permeable surfaces and a system for fine dust binding, as well as a urban biotope for insects.
Buses Inside the range of public transportation’s options even buses will represent a valid solution. The existing routes (like the one inside the channel) will be maintained and new routes and stops will be added to this network. As for tram stops, also bus stops will be located close to interchange parkings and they can be covered with photovoltaic panels which will become part of traffic and street lights energy supply system. In the future the possibility of using electric buses can be taken into account.
Metro 44
Tram
MASTERPLAN
Bus
TRAM TRACK GREEN STRATIGRAPHY
SOLAR PANELS COVERED BUS STOPS
PRIVATE TRANSPORT Cars
Walking and Cycling
Due to the improvement of public transportation the goal of a car free centre can be achieved. The access to the city grid will take place from the traffic channel roundabouts, but the internal road will not be “car friendly” with a 30 km/h speed limit and a very non linear route. In order to promote public transport many interchange parkings will be created. For this purpose all the underground parkings already existing in the upper part of Keilaniemi will be used and connected together, while in the southern part (actual “Microsoft parking building”) new underground parkings will be created, in particular close to the new tram station.
The system of walking and cycling paths will represent the new nature of the whole district. The strategy in creating this routes is to connect the path which already exist both in the southern and northern areas of Keilaniemi. The idea is to create a network which can be used both as a fast connection to users’ working places and as a relaxing leisure/green itinerary which will be part of the “Green 8” system. In particular there will be new services positioned along the southern path above the water, which will represent one of the new main attractions of the district.
WALKING & CYCLING CAR LANES PARKING LOTS KEILAB/L.A.N.D LEE HEROLD, ANNIMARI ANTTOLA, NIKOL KARABCOVÁ, DAVIDE CUCCHI
ARK-E5505 SUSTAINABLE URBAN DESIGN 2015
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, AALTO UNIVERSITY
45
GREENS Framework As we know, one of the most important global issues concerning sustainability of human activities are loss of biodiversity and alteration geo-chemical flows of nutrients (Planetary boundaries report, 2015. Stockholm resilience center). Even though the main cause of these problems lies in agricultural practices, the urbanisation is one of the key drivers of this development because urban populations are highly dependent on unsustainable agriculture. Cities also grow in size and density often in biodiverse locations for historical reasons, which directly destroys natural habitats. This is the case also in Keilaniemi, as in the metropolitan area in general as here is a strong pressure to extend the city structure towards the natural shoreline and build over those important habitats. To mitigate these direct and indirect negative impacts we developed a framework for integrating the nature in urban structure by ecosystem service management concentrating on regeneration of shoreline habitats, recreational activities, culture and local food production. Therefore our green areas provide solutions for both socio-cultural and ecological sustainability.
Preservation & regeneration of nature The maintenance of ecosystem services is based on preservation of larger patches of existing nature, mitigating the impacts of construction by creating urban greenery of parks, gardens, green roofs and walls, and regenerating the the lost shoreline habitats of Eastern Keilaniemi by excess soils gained from construction sites. The regulation of stormwater, supporting functions of nature by adding biodiversity and socio-cultural benefits of gardening and recreation were recognized as most important ecosystem services in the area, and were implemented in green network planning.
food growing active participation cultural history hubs for urban agriculture and gardening nature hubs shoreline active hubs 46
MASTERPLAN
Green 8 The â&#x20AC;&#x153;Green 8â&#x20AC;? is our strategy for creating a network of recreational routes through and around the new Keilaniemi. The 8 connects points of interest and action - the green hubs - as well as the larger green-blue ecological connections of shoreline habitats.
GREEN NETWORK PRESERVATION & REGENERATION OF NATURE
FOREST APPROVED BY FLYING SQUIRRELS.
LANDSCAPE ELEMENTS AND FUNCTIONS stormwater management, woodland swamp wetland park, meadow urban greenery with stormwater treatment quialities shoreline habitats, biodiverse woodlands green roofs, meadow habitats urban parks and yards, small patches with vegetation cover urban agriculture, urban farm, allotment park, edible park
Implementation of preservation and regeneration of nature Ecosystem services regulation - stromwater management, pollination provisioning - food from alotment gardens, bioenergy from biowaste, fishing supporting - maintaining biodiversity and soil functions nature and culture - recreation, gardening & self made art, excersising new construction maintaining excisting nature and vegetation mitigating impacts of building and losing habitats regenerating new habitats KEILAB/L.A.N.D LEE HEROLD, ANNIMARI ANTTOLA, NIKOL KARABCOVĂ , DAVIDE CUCCHI
ARK-E5505 SUSTAINABLE URBAN DESIGN 2015
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, AALTO UNIVERSITY
47
GREEN BRIDGE Green Bridge The Green Bridge serves as a central light traffic connection across the peninsula. It is a human friendly way to get across the traffic lane and at the same time creates an extension of an urban park. Green bridge helps to compensate the carbon and particulate emissions of car traffic with thick plantations and smog filtering wall materials. The living layer spreads throughout the ground level, walls and on the rooftops.
Landfill and Floating wetlands Landfill is the element of regenerated nature with focus on shoreline recreation and wetland habitats. The wetland meadow park provides stormwater management. However, the harbour functions and development of floating structure requires still hard infrastructure. The floating wetlands will be then added where the natural vegetation cannot develop. These small floating islands catch nutrients from water into plant biomass, and provides an additional habitat for birds, fishes and insects.
FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF GREEN BRIDGE AND TRAFFIC CHANNEL.
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MASTERPLAN
FLOATING WETLAND
PRINCIPLES FOR STORMWATER MANAGEMENT IN WETLAND MEADOW PARK.
LANDSCAPE Participatory park The vegetation in green areas is a flexible living layer between the hardware of constructed surfaces and the software of its human users. Green environments can contribute to the human wellbeing in multiple ways from psychological stimulation to physical activity and social interaction, thus contributing into social and cultural sustainability. We want to invite the future residents of Keilaniemi to participate in creation of human scale and lively neighbourhoods with their own ideas and special skills. The Participatory Park consists of grid structure attached to local green hub in which people can get information and rent tools, or sell flowers and their vegetables at the end of growing season. The residents are encouraged to express themselves both socially and artistically and take care of their surrounding - both people and other living organisms.
KEILAB/L.A.N.D LEE HEROLD, ANNIMARI ANTTOLA, NIKOL KARABCOVĂ , DAVIDE CUCCHI
ARK-E5505 SUSTAINABLE URBAN DESIGN 2015
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, AALTO UNIVERSITY
49
TRANSITION The Cell
The peninsula transforms from the cultivated north to the more natural south. To reach the southern part we planned a light construction bridge, which ends with Liquid Space units. The bridge is built on water collectors for the farm and is at the same time the gate to Keilaniemi when arriving by car.
Cultivated
The cell is the smallest Liquid Space unit. Because of its practical size it can be replicated over whole Keilaniemi. It runs with solar energy and is stackable.
farm greenhouse fields
Cultivated Nature
water silo cell
Nature
BRIDGE TO THE SOUTH light traffic connection + green connection + water collection for farm
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MASTERPLAN
URBAN FOOD PRODUCTION Food Network
Food has an underestimated impact on climate change and contributes around 20% of greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore it’s important to include food system planning into urban planning. In the southern part of Keilaniemi there will be a farm and a science center to keep up with the latest food science. Promising trends concerning food today are insects, mushrooms and aquaponics.
Bees
Bees are critically endangered and essential for our ecosystem. To keep the farm area fruitful, bees play an important role.
Insects
Insects provide an ideal source of natural protein. Compared to conventional protein sources such as meat – especially red meat – insects only have a fraction of the environmental impact.
Mushrooms
Mushrooms are a native nutrition of Finland and at the same time very simple to cultivate. For an increasing population, fast growing nutrients are beneficial.
Aquaponics
Aquaponic has a high potential because of its closed ecosystem. Nutrition doesn’t get lost and the harvest is of high quality and quantity.
Compost
The compost is the link that closes the ecosystem of Keilaniemi. With a working compost system valuable nutrients stay in the cycle.
KEILAB/L.A.N.D LEE HEROLD, ANNIMARI ANTTOLA, NIKOL KARABCOVÁ, DAVIDE CUCCHI
ARK-E5505 SUSTAINABLE URBAN DESIGN 2015
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, AALTO UNIVERSITY
51
BLOCK STRUCTURE
Framework New master plan of Keilaniemi brings completely new development to this area and it means also the urban structure. We can find there many typologies from basic blocks following the grid to blocks which are more reacting to their surrounding like for example the blocks of traffic channel which are suppose to fill the function of segregation between transit transport and public transport connected to pedestrian zones and cycling roads. Another typology are the block of flats on the Tapiola side which are made mostly as a complementation to the existing houses. We can also find some principles of retrofitting in the northern part of Keilaniemi and very specific place in the structure also takes the floating development which will be located in the Keilalahty bay.
living nature services business culture leisure University pedistrian bikes public transport cars
BLOCK STRUCTURE OF THE AREA
NEW APPROACH FOR KEILANIEMI 52
MASTERPLAN
HUMAN SCALE
DEVELOPMENT OF SERVICES
Human scale
CONNECT CONCENTRATE
Important aspect of this urban development is the human factor which is now in Keilaniemi full of cars missing. There are some basic rules according to architect Jan Gehl and his theory about lively and resilient cities. Public space of this areas should be safe and inviting, that is only one way how to make it lively and human friendly and how to create dialogue between people and public spaces based on the view, inspiration, and contact. Borders between buildings and city should be open and leave the flow of people run. It is important to place functions and services thoughtfully so they can interact with each other and create working network. They shouldn‘t be too concentrated but also not spread out, it is important to find the balance between this two positions. Main sign of working human scale are people, who feel comfortable, protected and happy, they can feel the joy.
SERVICE MAP
OPEN
ATTRACT
dialog between people and public space
protection + comfort + happiness (joy)
Residential buildings
Leisure time objects
Living liquid space
Public buildings
Business liquid space
Agriculture exterior
Administrative and business buildings
Agriculture interior
view + inspiration + start + contact KEILAB/L.A.N.D LEE HEROLD, ANNIMARI ANTTOLA, NIKOL KARABCOVÁ, DAVIDE CUCCHI
ARK-E5505 SUSTAINABLE URBAN DESIGN 2015
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, AALTO UNIVERSITY
53
CITY CENTER New City center Today‘s Keilaniemi doesn‘t work as area, doesn‘t have any street system, services not even any natural or artificial center. New project should bring new principles to this locality and create functional and vibrant city. One of this tools how to reach this goal is to create new and live center. One of the basic elements of urban structure is the center of area. The new center of Keilaniemi should be developed above new metro station which will be finished in 2016 and will bring bigger potential for development in this locality.
center present influence future influence completion of peninsula
New center brings energy together and also distribute energy to the development around. In the case of Keilaniemi is this distribution complicated by geographical elements as the peninsula it has its natural borders which don´t allow energy to be efficiently used. This should be solved by new urban development on the eastern coast of Keilaniemi in the area of Keilalahti bay. The same problem is situated on the west side of this plot, there is the barrier made from high way of the Helsinki ring road. In this case is problem solved by number of bridges, which should connect Tapiola side of Keilaniemi with the eastern part.
SERVICE DISTRIBUTION, HUBS 54
SITUATION OF NEW CITY CENTER
MASTERPLAN
City center consist from four basic part. The libraries which suppose to solve as the first a and main initiator for sharing economy are one of the most important from this big four. The building is influenced by public transportation because as a heart of the new city it is also center of gravity of new development. Through the building go tram line, bus line and we should find there also entrances to the metro. From the architectural point of view should be at the building possible to see segregation of types of libraries plus there are some basic principles, how should work the flow of people around this object. Construction should be represented by two volumes with different functions separated by small square. Both of this objects have to contain also the liquid space. Important is also visual contact from the internal space of this with floating construction which should stay open. Another important part of the city is today‘s Fortum tower which should come through process of retrofitting and be one of the first representatives of use of liquid space in Keilaniemi. Its pedestal should solve as new shopping mall and sport center for surrounding development. Multifunctional hall is the third part of this development. Its another example of transformation of the building. From today‘s Fortum administrative building it should became a place of mixture between working life and culture, it should solve as a conferenctional hall but also as a hall for cinema, theatre or music performance. Last part is the Marketspace which should be used as transition between highly urbanized area to floating structure and the sea. It´s designed as big gradual staircase with part for people and their leisure time spending by water and the part which is prepared to serve as a marketplace with possibility to place stands and run the market in different scale. Another way how to use this area in the time when there won‘t be market is the contemporary park, which could be created by moving flowerbeds.
Libraries - starting building for shared economy
Multifunctional hall
First liquid space - tower + shopping center
Marketplace - gathering place, relax zone
DEVELOPMENT DIAGRAM OF THE LIBRARIES
KEILAB/L.A.N.D LEE HEROLD, ANNIMARI ANTTOLA, NIKOL KARABCOVÁ, DAVIDE CUCCHI
ARK-E5505 SUSTAINABLE URBAN DESIGN 2015
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, AALTO UNIVERSITY
55
FLOATING STUCTURE Floating structure As was already said Keilaniemi as a locality has many positives and negatives which are sometimes going against each other. One of this factors which makes this area so unique, specifique but also difficult to grasp is the geography. Keilaniemi is as a peninsula surrounded from three sides by water, this fact makes this place one of the most attractive from natural point of view but on the other hand it is complicated for any future construction, which should calculate very well how it will work with the space especially at so attractive area as Keilaniemi. One of the approaches is to densify land area as much as possible or start to think about extension of development to the sea.
Floating structure of Keilaniemi is based on the city grid which is divided by 5m module network. Basic house unit is 5 x 10 metres big it means in the case of two stories 100m2. All the utilities are situated in the piers, which solve as the main communication channel of this development. The primary width of the pier is 5 metres in the case of main pier which connects two important points in urbanism or is necessary for access of emergency cars it is 10 metres. This systems makes floating structure completely car free and accessible only for pedestrians and bikes, this principle helps to bring in this area human scale which is already set by the volumes of the buildings. All the buildings are prefabricated, the foundation is based on the floating concrete batch which is working with the Archimedes´ law. The construction of houses is made from wood as the most common material in Finland which provides possibilities of easy renovation or reorganization. All the houses are flexible and possible to move it is necessary. Most of energy consumption is covered by solar panels and wind turbines placed on the rooftops. Water-floating structure is supported by floating wetlands, which could be used for agriculture or just as a natural environment for birds and fish. They are based on the principle of floating islands. All of this factors made from this development one of the most resilient and flexible approaches how to develop the city center and also other areas in the sensitive way to environment.
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MASTERPLAN
Contemporary Keilaniemi has heavily overbuild seacoast with strong urbanism and multi-storey buildings. It is complicated to continue and connect another only two story high development to this construction. The floating structure has its limits and height of the buildings is one of them from the view of stability. Solution for this problem are the buildings in the transition. Object half based on the ground (landfill), half on the columns in the contact with water.
Landfills are used for extending already existing urbanized seacoast to make space for new urban grid and new streets. Natural landfill is following historical shape of bay and creates safe environment for fauna, flora, recreation and floating structure in the bays behind them. The ground for landfills is taken from digged channel for main traffic road of the peninsula. This amount of ground should be enough for filling this areas because for landfill should be used also ground from the bottom of sea, which should be digged for basic depth needed for floating structure and also for conservation of the water flow.
LANDFILLS OF KEILANIEMI
Natural landfill Build seacost landfill - extension
REFERENCE- IJBURG, AMSTERODAM KEILAB/L.A.N.D LEE HEROLD, ANNIMARI ANTTOLA, NIKOL KARABCOVĂ , DAVIDE CUCCHI
ARK-E5505 SUSTAINABLE URBAN DESIGN 2015
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, AALTO UNIVERSITY
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Floating development of Keilaniemi consist from 221 houses, in this number are from half hidden also houses which are in transition, that means half based on the ground half above the water. There is 91 of this houses which means that only floating object is 130. Houses are placed in the secondary grid which is filling the big city grid of Keilaniemi. Basic module of floating grid is 5 metres. The smallest units are based on plan 10x5 meters, the biggest than 20x15 meters with possible high four floors (in the case of transition houses), floating structure allows two floors objects.
All houses are equipped by solar panels and wind turbines on their roofs, plus there exist possibility of heat pumps on the principle water-air which could be hidden under the constructions. There are also special devices for keeping water flow under the development which should keep water in the area clean and fresh.
LIVING- LIQUID FLOATING AREA
community space public space + piers main piers BUSINESS LIQUID FLOATING AREA 58
shared gardens
MASTERPLAN
Diversity of public spaces
Floating structure suppose to be prototype of liquid space and almost all of the development consist from some percents of it. This shared economy principe brings with itself strong residents participation and community feeling. We can find to basic characters of this development in Keilaniemi, it is northern area of business liquid space and southern locality with living liquid space which more focused on residential function, we can find there also some only residential objects.
This construction is surrounded by transition houses which are because of their size more business liquid spaces than the residential one. As a complement are in the urbanism inserted public objects. From character of development is possible to see that it brings more open minded approach to sharing things, spaces but also time and ideas. First important factor is typology of the buildings, which is based on the same principle as row houses with one shared wall and gardens, in this case floating piers with green containers. Every house has its own entrance and then floating
courtyard with small garden and private pier and access to water. Boats of residents can go throw the development thanks to system of opening bridges which are parts of smaller wooden piers on columns. Landfills and main roads are also prepared for private boats.
All residents have access to public community gardens, piers and community rooms which are provided around the floating structure, same as the public services and leisure areas. We can find there also children playgrounds and places for walking dogs. Whole area is car free, accessible only for cars of emergency, for this cases are created special piers which connect the main paths. That creates pedestrian and cycling friendly environment which respect human scale of the city as much as possible. All houses are equipped by solar panels and wind turbines on their roofs, plus there exist possibility of heat pumps on the principle water-air which could be hidden under the constructions. There are also special devices for keeping water flow under the development which should keep water in the area clean and fresh.
FLOATING DEVELOPMENR
DETAIL OF LIVING FLOATING STRUCTURE KEILAB/L.A.N.D LEE HEROLD, ANNIMARI ANTTOLA, NIKOL KARABCOVĂ , DAVIDE CUCCHI
ARK-E5505 SUSTAINABLE URBAN DESIGN 2015
Residental objects
Public objects
Living liquid objects
Business liquid objects DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, AALTO UNIVERSITY
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SERVICES AND FUNCTIONS ACCESS NETWORK Keilaniemi is planned to provide ideal acces to all important hubs. Especially sharing hubs are well connected.
MAINHUB
GREEN HUBS
library for books, cloth, tools cultural multi use hall bike rental food pickup workshop
botanic garden/greenhouse plant rental (indoor & outdoor) café space for knowledge and experience exchange
1
2
MINI HUBS
9-13 satellite mini cells
13 2
8
community garden 3 pavillion
4 farm Medium hubs community center 5 daycare
aundry café
aqua culture algae cultivation sauna
7
canoe rental harbor café
6
1
3
7
8
laundry café working space workshops
12
5 9
6 4
10
60
MASTERPLAN
11
The Open City The concept of open city is that the Liquid Space is not hidden behind facades. Liquid Space is a space that is inviting and visible from the outside. Therefore the Liquid Space has to be marked from the outside. Liquid Space is approachable through digital tools but also when standing in the streets.
ANALOG GUIDANCE STREET STREET LAMPS BUS STOPS FACADES MAIL BOYES BIKE PARKINGS CURBS BRIDGES BLINDS CURBS PLANT POTS PLANT GRID AUGMENTED REALITY (PARKING) SIGNS TRAFFIC ISLAND BENCHES SOLAR CHARGING STATIONS MOSAIK STREET ART SHEDS FLAGS HUMAN SCALE COLOR CODING
KEILAB/L.A.N.D LEE HEROLD, ANNIMARI ANTTOLA, NIKOL KARABCOVÁ, DAVIDE CUCCHI
ARK-E5505 SUSTAINABLE URBAN DESIGN 2015
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, AALTO UNIVERSITY
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62
MASTERPLAN
LIQUID SPACE There are two ways to create Liquid Space, either in an existing space or in a new built space. The conditions are the following:
Liquid Space Conditions: 1. Private area must be clearly separable 2. Infrastructure such as toilet and electricity must be available 3. No minimum for private space required 4. Minimum access of total space is 60m2
Retrofit
THE AISLE
THE ENCAPSULATION
THE CONVEXITY
EXAMPLE OF RETROFITTING
New space
3:1 THE GUARD
THE CELL
KEILAB/L.A.N.D LEE HEROLD, ANNIMARI ANTTOLA, NIKOL KARABCOVÁ, DAVIDE CUCCHI
1:1
1:3 THE TWIN
ARK-E5505 SUSTAINABLE URBAN DESIGN 2015
THE DOUBLE DECKER
THE TRIPLE DECKER
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, AALTO UNIVERSITY
63
ENERGY STRATEGIES Energy strategies
Energy supply evaluation
To complete the Sustainability framework energy is an essential topic. The basic principle that has been followed while developing the energy strategy is the availability of renewable and local resources.
Some approximate evaluation about the amount of housing and office consumption and the deliverable energy have been done.
The energy design works on 3 different scales: 1. Regional scale; 2. District scale; 3. Building scale.
Standard consumptions of 90 kWh/m2y for a house and of 150 kWh/m2y have been taken as reference values and extended to the whole built area; then some calculations about the available resources have been done, in particular: • solar power;
90 kWh/m2y
• wind power; • geothermal power. As it is shown in the following scheme these are not the only resources which can be used in order to supply energy; the already existing district heating grid can be indeed enhanced together with the use of the sea water for cooling purposes. Two other important topics which will be part of the strategy are the waste and grey/black water management.
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25850000 kWh/y
MASTERPLAN
3200000 kWh/y
7200000 kWh/y
9500000 kWh/y
~15%
~30%
~40%
BUILDING SCALE Building scale The weather conditions in Keilaniemi are characterized by its close position to the seaside and in particular wind has a strong impact to this location. Also in regards to buildings it offers possibilities for natural ventilation or also night flushing, if the outside air temperature and humidity level is appropriate. It has been calculated that with 1 domestic wind turbine for every single house (100 m2) the 30% of annual energy consumption can be covered.
DIRECT SOLAR IRRADIATION - HORIZONTAL SURFACE 113 KWH/Y
Based on the annual direct solar irradiation on a horizontal surface data it has been calculated that covering half of each roof with photovoltaic panels with a 20% efficiency the 15% of annual energy consumption can be covered. Hence if the orientation of the panels will be optimized the energy production will easily increase. Finally it has been estimated that, due to the suitability of Keilaniemi’s soil, drilling 4-5 medium deep (15-20 m) geothermal boreholes for every housing complex (3-4 houses) will cover the 40% of annual energy consumption. Considering highrise buildings - which usually need bearing piles - geothermal probes can be integrated into the foundation system.
Temperature Direct solar Diffuse solar
Comfort thermal neutrality
AVERAGE TEMPERATURE
As mentioned before, these technologies, together with other ones, efficient construction processes (performative building envelopes, shadings, etc.) and user’s responsibility, will contribute in creating a sustainable and green city. In order to make users more responsible about energy use some energy consumption’s measurement devices can be installed in every house and linked with portable devices like smartphones or tablets, so that personal energy profiles can be developed. These kind of devices will allow every user to behave in a more sustainable way and also to save some money.
WIND SPEED KEILAB/L.A.N.D LEE HEROLD, ANNIMARI ANTTOLA, NIKOL KARABCOVÁ, DAVIDE CUCCHI
ARK-E5505 SUSTAINABLE URBAN DESIGN 2015
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, AALTO UNIVERSITY
65
TIMELINE
TIMELINE
2020 Ownership
2030
2040 hotels
student unions
private investors
start ups
City of Espoo retrofit in
existing platforms
Software
2050
new LS buildings
neste building
airbnb
new services
hoffice visitors retro fit in
Hardware Users Functions
existing buildings
living
university students office
2020
68
inhabitants
start ups
expats
companies
critical mass big companies
community
service
2030
leisure
2040
TIMELINE
tourism
2050
CONSTRUCTION PHASES
now
2016-2020
2020-2030
2030-2040
2040-2050-...
introduction of KeiLAB
metro station: half of central building liquid space
other half of central building - library
hubs around Keilaniemi
building channel III (Tapiola Road)
event agenda
digging traffic channel
wind energy
promotion of floating structure
liquid spaces are becoming more established
participation - hubs in Tapiola and Otaniemi
creating landfills
transition buildings
development of green8 - Tapiola Greenhouse
Farm and Farmland
workshop (feedback and ideas), prototyping and testing
solar panels on existing buildings + new buildings
start retrofitting in northern buildings
Water collector bridge
development on Otaniemi side
reduction of cars (amount of cars is starting to reduce due to oil crisis → renewable local
start with floating structure (next to transition building)
inclusion of student unions, students and university financing and promoting Access Economy partner: companies or entrepreneurs interested in subject (ppl who are already working in ) shared offices, hofficers, piggybaggy developers… co-development with libraries? (as they already are sharing points for tools and devices)
houses near center implementing library in main building for access economy purposes development of green8 - green bridge building channel I (main)
energy sources, smart grids and their technologies are developing rapidly) development of green8 - community gardens Market place
development of green8 - connection to the south building channel II (boulevard)
Aalto Univericity has established satellite learning and development hubs within new Keilaniemi companies and international sustainable business and economy network
development of green8 - completion mainhub KeiLAB
Tram line
creation of committee changing Fortum tower building to liquid space
GOAL:financing 50% of investment for liquid space offices.
GOAL: 100% of new and 80% of renovated buildings certified
KEILAB/L.A.N.D LEE HEROLD, ANNIMARI ANTTOLA, NIKOL KARABCOVÁ, DAVIDE CUCCHI
GOAL: 40% cut down on CO2 emission
ARK-E5505 SUSTAINABLE URBAN DESIGN 2015
GOAL: financing of floating structure and self organisation of Access Economy and LS
GOAL: 50% self sufficient in energy and 20% in food
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, AALTO UNIVERSITY
69
SUSTAINABLE URBAN DESIGN AALTO UNIVERSITY 2015