Soft Skin | IaaC [booklet] by Nina Jotanovic

SOFT SKIN Pneumatics MASTER IN ADVANCED

ARCHITECTURE

DIGITAL MATTER | INTELLIGENT CONSTRUCTUON

2014|2015

Thesis Project Title:

Researchers: Ceren Temel Farah Alayeli Lubna Alayeli Nina Jotanovic

INDEX 01 INTRODUCTION

01 | 1 01| 2

Project Description Research

02 STATE OF ART 03 THESIS PROJECT

03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03 03

| | | | | | | | | |

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Objectives Material Test Process Experiments Geometry Investigation Skin detail Dimple Depth Analysis Wind Tunnel Test Computational Fluid Dynamic Analysis Material Research

04 PROTOTYPES

04 04 04 04 04 04

| | | | | |

1 2 3 4 5 6

First Prototype First Prototype Section Second Prototype Second Prototype Section Final Prototype Final Prototype Section

05 PROJECT CATALOGUE 06 RENDERS 07 TOOLS

|01

introduction

01 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Soft Skin is a research project that investigates possibilities of using air-inflation in architecture, as an active response to constantly changing parameters in environment. The Skin is a new composite material made of thin layers of flexible silicone rubber and elastic fabric. Material system consists of series of inflatable cells combined in groups, which could be inflated or deflated to change form and appearance. This tunable topography responds to real time data of wind and light. These two parameters determine behavior of the skin that responds with different air pressures inside the system. Soft Skin is designed to reduce wind vibrations and air drag and infiltrate the light. With this, its application

aerodynamic shape to reduce wind drag. Roughness of the surface is slowing down the wind speed and inflated cells are creating dumping effect. The bumps which appear with maximum pressure give the surface a pixelized texture. This texturing is reducing wind speed and vibrations, through a mechanism that arises from the flow separating from the surface. All of this leading to reduce of base moment and vortex shedding by disturbing wind loads. Another parameter Soft Skin acts upon, is filtering light through its layers. When inflated the wall thickness is becoming less thus allowing more light to go through it. When deflated inner and outer layers are closer, so the more considerable is

could include mounting on high-rise buildings which are exposed to high speed winds and by this allowing more open spaces on high levels. It could also be a skin for canopies in urban spaces to protect users from high speed wind and sun light. Pneumatic system is suitable for such a responsive system as different behaviors can be achieved with different pressures inside the system. In Soft Skin, increase in pressure goes from softening the edges by volume expansion to small bumps on the surface resulting in skin roughness. Volume expansion is related to overall geometry for creating more

the amount of bending of sun ray, thus less light is passing through. Light filtering acts in parallel with the heat resulted from diffraction and refraction of light rays passing through layered skin. Except from air pressure, materials used to create this composite are determining its behavior. Silicon types varies in tensile strength and elongation at break, while fabric also varies in tensile strength and direction of stretchability as well as transparency. The result is a high-strength, inflatable skin that creates lightweight membrane that embrace a new material system, soft, translucent and responsive.

02 RESEARCH SMART MORPHABLE SURFACES

For a blunt object, texturing can reduce drag, through a mechanism that arises from the flow separating from the surface. For instance, some cactus trees can resist uprooting under high winds due to surface grooves. Dimples on a golf ball increase its carry distance. The dimpled pattern induces a laminar-to-turbulent transition in the boundary layer that envelopes part of their surface and delays of the point of separation between forward and reverse flow. This reduces the size of the downstream wake and, consequently, lowers the aerodynamic drag by as much as a factor of two, when compared to a smooth sphere .According to Achenbach’s seminal a rough surface triggers an early laminar-to-turbulent transition, decreasing drag, but can become disadvantageous when the flow speed is further increased .

Now, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have created smart morphable surfaces, or “Smorphs,” which can mimic the surface of golf balls. The surface of the spherical samples is made out of a silicone-based material and is initially smooth, but can become reversibly dimpled at will, altering its aerodynamic properties to best deal with the air drag it’s experiencing We came up with an new class of surfaces, which allowed us to switch, on demand, the aerodynamic performance and wind loading of bluff objects,” says MIT engineer Pedro Reis, lead author of the new study in Advanced Materials . “It has potential applications for any object that is blunt or bluff and experiences wind loading,” he says, adding that applying the surface to a vehicle or airplane could help increase fuel efficiency by reducing drag force.

smooth

Type b

Type a

Type c

Flow visualization around spheres by spark tracing method and contours of pressure coefficient distribution by computation

Schematic of the pressure-driven wrinkling process of our spherical Smorphs. The smooth (top) and wrinkled (bottom) configurations correspond to low and high levels of depressurization

WIND LOAD DESIGN ANALYSIS RESEARCH ON HIGHRISE BUILDINGS

The principles of efficient structural design of a tall building are as follow (Halvorson, 1988),[9]: | Resisting the overturning forces due to lateral forces on vertical elements placed as far apart as possible. | Channeling gravity loads to those vertical elements resisting overturning forces. | To the extent possible, resisting lateral forces with members axially loaded in compression rather than tension or bending. For every tall building design the primary structural performance objectives should be set as reducing overturning moments, shear lag effect and lateral story drift. The roughness of the earthâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s surface, which causes drag on wind, converts some of windâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s energy into mechanical turbulence. Since turbulence generates at the surface, surface wind speed is much less than wind speed at higher levels. Turbulence includes vertical as well as horizontal air movement and hence the effect of surface frictional drag is propagated upwards. Mechanical turbulence and effect of frictional drag gradually decrease with height and at gradient level (around 1000 to 2000 feet) the frictional effect is negligible.

Wind hitting a flat fronted skyscraper is directed down the building, creating a winder and cloder microclimate in the surrounding area.

Different shaped skyscraper, such as londonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Gherkin, are curved and allow wind to travel around the exterior.

Pressure gradient at this level balance by the Coriolis force (and possibly centrifugal force), and the wind blows almost parallel to the isobars. For strong winds, the shape of the vertical profile of wind speed depends mainly on degree of roughness of surface, which means over-all drag effect of buildings, trees and any other projections that impede flow of wind at the surface. In general there are three ways to reduce these effects; stiffening the structure as the wind load increases, using auxiliary damping and applying shape strategies. Since the advent of high rise building, Different global shape were used and many in-detail researches show that some modification in the global shape can greatly reduce the effects of wind power on tall and super-tall building. These modifications include: | Softening corners: chamfered or rounded corners greatly reduce base moment and vortex shedding (e.g. Taipie 101). | Using setbacks and tapered forms: the loaded area gradually reduces as the height increases (e.g. Petronos tower). | Using twisted forms: twisted forms are effective in reducing vortex shedding by disturbing wind loads (e.g. Turning torso residential tower). | Using varied cross section: this alternative can lead the architect to

create attractive forms (e.g. Burj Khalifa in Dubai; Burj Khalifi is also a good example of using softened corners and tapering and setbacks). | Creating opening and porosity: by creating slots at the edge of the building, vortex shedding effect greatly reduces. Using large openings especially at vertical surface of the upper floors results in generating energy using turbines at the place of openings in addition to reducing wind load (e.g. 151 Incheon tower in Korea). | Round top (e.g. Wuhan Greenland Center)

|02

state of art 15

MATERIAL STRUCTURE RESEARCH BACKGROUND

In order to gain a thorough understanding of the material structure and to develop a design methodology that would be capable of creating continuity between the conceptual formation and the materialization of the final output, several case studies were conducted. A wide research on references was analyzed in all terms concerning the aspect of the project, from initial process to formation process.

Membrane Arrayes, Pavlos Sideris

Biodynamc Model JennySabinns mythread pavilion

Perforated Deep Surface Prototype Christine Rosemann

Michael Pelz

zer,

Ernesto Neto Margulies Collection, image 1

Ernesto Neto Margulies Collection, image 2

Endesa-world-fab-condenser

Olympic games the Basketball Arena, London 2012

Drawings of Mark Fisher experiments with inflatable structures and pneumatic architecture.

AUTOMAT INFLATABLE (1969) & DYNAMAT INFLATABLE (1971)

Automat was an attempt to create a self-articulating form, which altered shape in response to its usersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; changing physical requirements. In order to achieve this, they created a rudimentary low-pressure pneumatic structure which was articulated using a system of internal bracing cables connected to high-pressure jacks which could selectively expand or contract the structure at a ratio of 80:1. Although some problems were encountered with fabrication, the structure was exhibited at the Paris Biennale in I969, and the project was featured in Peter Cookâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s publication Experimental Architecture in 1970. Fisher improved the Automat in his design of the Dynamat.The structure consisted of a series of inflatable cells combined in groups, which could be selectively expanded or contracted to produce changes in form. A simpler pneumatic system was designed for Dynamat in which air routes between adjacent cells were controlled by a series of valves which opened and closed in pre-programmed sequences.

In its deflated state, Dynamat could be stored in the boot of a car for easy transportation, and individual panels could be combined to create a continuous surface which was shaped to enclose space, and to provide shelter for people or objects. An advanced control system was developed for the project which allowed for the sequential programming of the structure. Different configurations were stored on prerecorded cassettes and presented the user with a range of possible spatial environments, or more complex sequences of enclosure which responded to, for instance, environmental changes in the diurnal cycle. As the programming of Dynamat increased in sophistication, it became obvious that the real usefulness of these structures lay in applications where performance criteria were more demanding than for traditional forms of architecture, where purpose-built temporary mobile structures would be more appropriate than more fixed and permanent solutions.

AIR FOREST PNEUMATIC STRUCTURE

Architect: MASS STUDIES - MINSUK CHO + KISU PARK/CITY PARK, DENVER,CLORADO, USA Material: Nylon fabric with silver dot printing Air forest is a temporary public pavilion installed to host the art and cultural events during the democratic national convention in city park, Colorado. The 1,400 square meter structure is easily transported, sets up in a snap without any building materials, and at night it lights up in a beautiful display of luminous pillars. The pneumatic pavilion is designed to absorb passing wind currents to stay inflated and provides shade while allowing sunlight to filter through, creating a vibrant public space.

The architects created the structure to act as a barometer; a giant device to measure the siteâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s conditions. The installation becomes structurally weaker (and thus affected by the wind more) as the air pressure drops due to cooler weather or even after sunset.Air Forest is designed to playfully interact with its environment, rather than standing against it.

BIZZARE BUBBLE BUILDING

Architect: 3GATTTI ARCHITECTURE STUDIO Material: Reinaforced concrete, steel The project is a renovation of a common, old and unattractive building in the city center. It is currently situated in an area experiencing change where the surrounding buildings are developing, becoming more modern and captivating. The design contains complex environmental qualities, inflatables are placed in front of each room where little pressure difference between the interior and exterior keeps the specific cloth inflated. The building ventilation, air conditioning and filtering will be centralized and will easily keep the necessary interior pressure even when using traditional doors and openings. The curved white and translucent surface will amplify the sun light and concentrate it into the interior where the building depth is very long. The air space in-between the inflatable and the glass window will act as efficient insulation to keep a desirable interior temperature and will be oxygenated due to the green barrier between the glass and the fabric. This micro greenhouse will constantly exchange air pressure with the office interior, su-

pplying the best climate in summer and winter. The bubble faรงade will not be a static faรงade, it will oscillate with the wind and will interact with its inhabitants: the inflatables will be in full tensile capacity when many people are working and the ventilation is at its maximum. When no people are in the room the sensor will switch the ventilation down to its minimum and the facade will become almost deflated.

INFLATABLE MEDIA-TIC BUILDING

Architect: Cloud 9 Architecture Studio Material: ethylene tetrafluoroethylene etfe Enric Ruiz-Geli, founder of Barcelona-based architectural practice Cloud 9 believes that while buildings currently produce 40 per cent of global carbon dioxide emissions, architects have the capability to construct buildings that only consume the energy they produce. In his eyes this would be ‘an architecture that performs the way nature does’, as generously as trees function. The digital technology hub uses distributed sensors to control solar shading by ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) skins on the south-east and south-west facades. ETFE’s light and anti-adherent nature make it very versatile, but this membrane protects with a sun-filtering factor of 0.20. This dynamic interface has two different formats to match the building’s orientation to the sun. The south-west facade filters solar radiation through a screen of vertical cushioned panels containing nitrogen and oil, which coalesces as a ‘cloud’ sunscreen.

|03 thesis

project 27

01 OBJECTIVES High-rise buildings can cause wind discomfort on the building balconies, necessitating remedial action.Project objective was to envision the soft skin on highrise terrace as to reduce wind drag and infiltrate the light. The proposed skin shall create an alternative to glass facades that exist as a rough barrier between inside and outside. The highrise terrace studied is located in a 165 m tower in Barceloneta beaÂŹchfront, where it is exposed to 2 main wind dirrections: North West and South West. As to analyze each wind flow at a time, the site model is imported in Autodesk Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and evaluated with the realizable turbulence. An exterior air volume is created and boundaries are set on the sides of the exterior volume. Velocity speed boundary is tapped on the side where the wind is flowing with a linear variation of speed in m/s. The speed increases with increase of height starting from >5m/s on ground level till < 15 m/s on 150 m high. Pressure is tab is set on the opposite side, and set as static in 0 mpa. All other sides except from the bottom are set to slip boundary condition. Materials are set for air volume, building as concrete, and skin as silicone rubber. The obtained CFD results are evaluated according velocity speed, drag and shear pressure vectors, as a criterion to specify different inflation curvatures that

would be directing wind away from the terrace and reducing drag. As to decide the 2 inflation curvatures of the anchored skin, wind vectors upon the studied terrace shall be tangent to the skin bump as to create a more aerodynamic shape. The proposed curved skin membranes are then imported in CFD on the building terrace and simulations are solved again. Results are evaluated and compared between results of the site model with and without the membrane. The optimized curvatures are selected according to the results in which velocity vectors were directed away from the terrace with a drag and pressure values that are less in the line chart. The designed skin is composed of two layers of air pockets in which the outward one could have another level of inflation to create dimples that would further reduce wind drag. The membrane responds to two main environmental parameters: wind and light.

Reduce air drag and vibration in highrise building

02 MATERIAL TEST VOLUME EXPANSION EASTICITY

Liquid silicone with lycra (ecoflex)

Liquid rubber with lycra (vytaflex)

flat rubber sheet

Liquid silicone with lycra shows great elasticity. With 1500 g it stretches to 2.2 its original length. Silicone sheet alone broke at 900 g

Liquid rubber with lycra shows very little elasticity.

Rubber sheet shows no elasticity. With 1500 g it only stretches 1.2 its length.

MATERIAL BEHAVIOUR WITH STRETCHED SURFACE

Depth of dimples: 3.5 mm Time/deflation: 0.25 sec Time/wrinkle: not wrinkling Distance between dimples: 20 mm

Depth of dimples: 4.5 mm Time/deflation: 0.20 sec Time/wrinkle: 0.8 sec Distance between dimples: 12 mm

Depth of dimples: not applied Time/deflation: 0.20sec Time/wrinkle: 0.8 sec Distance between dimples: 5 mm

NORMAL STAGE

INFLATION

DEFLATION

Test 1

Test 2

Test 3

MATERIAL BEHAVIOUR WITH STRETCHED SURFACE

Stretchable Fabric-Lycra coated with silicon

Depth of dimples: 6.6 mm Pressure to wrinkle: 3 bars Time/wrinkle: 2 sec

Latex Sheet

Depth of dimples: 0.5 mm Pressure to wrinkle: 5 bars Time/wrinkle: 0.8 sec

Stretchable Fabric-Thin Lycra coated with silicon

Depth of dimples: 6 mm Pressure to wrinkle: 4 bars Time/wrinkle: 1,02 sec

Mesh Fabric-coated with silicon

Depth of dimples: 6.5 mm Pressure to wrinkle: 4 bars Time/wrinkle: 1,50 sec

Stretchable Fabric Lycra coated with silicon

The fabric is filled with foam balls sphere diameter 17 cm

Test under Suction

Normal Stage

Test 1

Test 2

Test 3

Test 4

Test 5

03 PROCESS

For silicon prototypes molds , polyurethane foam,wood and resin are used. Polyurethane foam molds are prepared with milling machine. Wood molds are laser cut and stacked together. as for the resin molds, they are 3d printed. Each layer of the prototype needs a separate mold. After preparing the molds, silicon is poured and kept in a room temperature below 26 degree Celsius. Then the pieces are layered together and sealed with silicon to be ready for inflation.

PREPARING SILICON CAST FOAM MOLDS

1.Adding same amount of liquid silicone components

2.Mixing the components

3.Pouring the mixture to the foam mold

Samples of the soft robotics experiments

Samples of soft robotics before being sealed together.

PREPARING SILICON MODEL WOOD MOLDS

1.Pouring silicon in laser cut wood mold that is formed of two layer, the upper surface and seams

2.Fabric piece on the wood mold before pouring silicon

2.One layer of the castes silicon before sealing it with the other layers

04 EXPERIMENTS TWO RESEARCH BEHAVIOUR

main behaviour

VOLUME EXPANSION

SHAPE CHANGE | BENDING

control parameter

pressure and material elacticity

pattern of air flow and material elacticity

VOLUME EXPANSION DIMPLES

EXPERIMENTS BENDING BEHAVIOUR

1 cm thickness silicone_to make the inflatable surface more durable

2 cm thickness silicone_to cover the silicone template

4 cm thickness silicone_the template shape which is obtained from mold

TESTING AMOUNT OF AIR PRESSURE

EXPERIMENT 1 shape I_variation I max airpressure: 5 kg/cm2 (at 6 kg/cm2 pressure moment,

EXPERIMENT 2 shape I_variation II (at 2 kg/cm2 pressure moment, it started inflation)

EXPERIMENT 3 shape I_variation III max airpressure: 6,5 kg/cm2 (at 2 kg/cm2 pressure

EXPERIMENT 4 shape I_variation IV max airpressure: 5,5 kg/cm2 (at 3,5 kg/cm2 pressure

TESTING AMOUNT OF AIR PRESSURE

EXPERIMENT 5 shape II max airpressure:6,5 kg/ cm2 it broke)

EXPERIMENT 6 shape II max airpressure: 6,5 kg/cm2

Initial State

Inflation 1

SINGLE COMPONENT 6mm air passage

Inflation 2

Initial State

Inflation 1

SINGLE COMPONENT 6mm air passage

Inflation 2

Initial State

Inflation 1

SINGLE COMPONENT 3mm air passage

Inflation 2

SINGLE COMPONENT FOUR AIR CHAMBERS 4mm air passage

SINGLE COMPONENT DOUBLE AIR CHAMPERS

-inflatable silicone cast -double arm shaped -study of one source of air pocket branching to two ribs

-inflatable silicone cast with the attached lycra fabric to bottom -double arm shaped -study of flexible reinforcements for controlled movement

-inflatable silicone cast -rectangle shaped -study of variations of thickness (top and base/solid and air gaps)

-inflatable rubber cast -slight movement with limited stretching extent: air gap pops off after small amount of pressure

ACTUATOR COMPONENT

-inflatable rubber cast -actuator for opening slits of fabric

-inflatable silicone cast sandwiched between lycra fabrics -unfolding a closed geometry

-inflatable flat silicone cast, sandwiched between wooden frames -paired movement

-inflatable silicone joint between folded components -opening rigid elements

EXPERIMENTING WITH AIR CHANNELS BENDING BEHAVIOUR

-inflatable silicone cast -movement:curl

-inflatable silicone cast -movement:openning

-inflatable silicone cast -movement:expanding and openning up

-inflatable silicone cast, paired pattern

-movement:expanding and openning up

-inflatable silicone cast -movement:bending

-inflatable silicone cast

-movement:one axis expansion

-Fabric in its initial state

-Fabric inflated

EXPANSION BEHAVIOUR CONTROLLING THE MOVEMENT Lycra fabric stitched to form a geometrical component then it is stretched in a frame. Silicon is brushed in the streteched fabric that to form thin layer. Lycra stretches in all directions, thus when inflated, objects expands and close the gaps inbetween.

1 mm silicone coating

1 mm textile fabric

EXPANSION BEHAVIOUR CONTROLLING THE MOVEMENT

-Fabric in its initial state

-Fabric inflated

Single composite component from layers of two kinds of textiles brushed with silicone. Type 1 : 1 mm Lycra that stretches in all directions, coated with 1 mm silicone. Type 2 : 1 mm Lycra that stretches in one direction, coated with 1 mm silicone. Two points of inflation: Inflation 1: inner component inflates and expands horizontaly along the veins of Lycra type 2. Inflation 2: whole inner volume inflates and expands through the side frame outwards.

CONTROLLING THE MOVEMENT SILICON EXPANSION IN TWO AXIS

Air entrance 1- x expansion

Air entrance 2- z expansion

-inflatable silicone cast -movement: two axis expansion

SINGLE COMPONENT FOUR AIR CHAMBERS

Expansion and movement of element is controlled by two inflation points, each one making element move in one or the other direction. Altering thickness of the material along with shaping the air gaps are parameters which are allowing desired behaviour to realize. Air gap allowing streching in x direction is alterd by shaping the curve and making air gap bigger in area where stretching should be maximum. In z direction air gap is altered with shaping concave surface that directs air and pushes the thinner layers of element.

| expansion in x axis

| expansion in z axis

CONTROLLING THE MOVEMENT IN DIFFERENT AXIS AS ACTUATOR FOR GROWING THE STRUCTURES

Using inflateable elements as actuators to move other inflateable and rigid elements in desired direction, making structure grow, going from compressed to full volume, covering more and growing more deeply in space. After managing to modify structure of one component to inflate in specific directions and react to one another, more developed applications would consist of a greater range of movements using more air pressure, thus perhaps growing in a choreograpghical way to either cover certain planes or to form a certain spatial geometries that grows and deflate when needed.

elements expanding in x direction by inflation. pushing each other and â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;growingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;

assemble of elements before inflation

SILICON PROTOTYPE TWO AXIS INFLATION

| Z axis inflation

| x axis inflation

| x axis inflation of several components expanding the gaps

BENDING BEHAVIOUR FLIPPING CONE EXPERIMENT

Changing opening direction,flipping cone: 1| elastic fabric 2|silicon soft-robotic muscles and seams 3|rigid fabric 4|silicon soft-robotic muscles

Prototype Elements

silicon soft-robotic element

molds for air channel [3d printed resin]

molds for outer boundry [3d printed resin]

prevent expansion in volume

adding rigid fabric in combination with thread pattern results

BENDING BEHAVIOUR SILICON AND POLYMORPH

Level 1: no inflation Level 2: inflation Level 3: inflation Level 4: inflation

Different level of inflations from 1 to 4

perforated elastic fabric [coated with silicone] 1 mm

polymorph substructure [embaded inside the silicone]

seams between air pockets 3 mm

perforated elastic fabric [coated with silicone] 1 mm

BENDING BEHAVIOUR SILICON BOCKETS

level 1

level 2

Different level of inflations from 1 to 4

level 3

level 4

perforated elastic fabric [coated with silicone] 1 mm

rigif fabric strips [fixed to elastic layer] 0.5 mm

seams between air pockets

rigid fabric [coated with silicone]

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ORUM HOS ESTIUM TEM FAT, ET OPTIO, QUE MOVENAM DETOAUT QUAM CONFEC VIT; HOSTIL TENTERUM INAME DUM IAM O, NOS VIVITIQUERE, CATILIN VIDEATUM ORAREM TUM STROPUBTIO AC FORTE POTIAM ESTE POPUBLI CAUDELLES ES FUE ES MATERIAL BEHAVIOR CI VERFECU SCIIS, QUIS HALISSENDAM OCUPIME NATILICIDE TA OMNIRTIFEX MANDAMP ORTERCES VILICERFEXBENDING NIM PARIMOE INTEGRATING HILICTUM DINTILI, QUE INATIMMOREI PRARED FUREMNEQUOD CO WITHIN THE SKIN AD ACEPS, NON TEMQUID ELICATQUE ORI, VE, CONDIS, CULESCE IS CATIAED IMPERDIEM HUM AUDENA ESSIMIS, ET; IUM IUS CON UNU CAUCIE ATUAM PROX NE IN SIM LARENATUM HUSATA VIT; Various patterns of stitches through the skin would result to different RI MMOVERUM. IPS, AT. bending movements.

Pockets could vary in width either CONDE NOSTA, QUIT; NE NOTIS CONIQUAM PUBLICU LUDAMDIU small to create a smooth bending, PLICIENor M. QUAMPERRA NENIRIS, COTIDERNINEM AUCONSCIENTE wide to create polygonized curvature. T REI PONFIRI VATUS, NEQUAM DICAETEREHEM HORUM HORAESPockets can be independent so that ATU CONSUS IDE NIHIL VILIQUO ES ESTRAET; NONEQUE PRA? SA every set inflate together, or IMIS, SULEGIT; NU STA CA; NERRA NORUNT? USTO CON TABERRA connected so they inflate with the S IDIUMEN DITATO MACRIA L. ME CONSULT ratio of time.ILICAS ESIMORI SSULAT. GRA? NAM DII SINTEATIAET? EFFRE HOCURNIT, CENIcreate SICI PUBTriangulated pattern can hence UM HOSTI, INUM IA? PIO ETIURNUM folding OBSERFIC TABERUM PUBLICAT, by inflating either upwards or downwards shifting in direction. ESTERE IAM, TEMORUM STREI PONSULT ORENIHIL HUIDIUS CONUR, IURBIT ESSIMO INATQUE ACIAELA IAETIORAET; NOS PRIS; ES UPIONTI, CO HOS AD CONSULA DUC FIT. EM CONSUM EFFRE, MOVERRIBUTUS ET L. VIVIDEM HALINUM MANCATQUID CURS IN INTRICAEST VIL UR LOCUPPL ICATIL VERVID ABERUM NUL COMNEQUE PL. ROMANTIAM DEO VIRID INA, TARIS-

DUCTUM SE ES DEST ET GRA L. QUIS? EPERUME TAM. AST DENTES SCEPERIT. M. MIUM ETIUM OMNEQUAM MIUM PATUSUS CAE CONDEPERESTIA QUEMNOSTIQUA L. NERRIDIUM NORESTE RTILIUS U SCERNUM ADEFFREMENA, QUE ADDUCI POS MULIERN ICAECTUI E FORUM PRE, US IAM QUAM AM DIT FACCIIS INTERTE NONSIMUTE QUA VIVES ET FUEM, VIS. PERTUS AD REC TESSILI POPOSTAM HOSTRUM ILIUM CUL HABENPIO NEMUS, TI. VERMISTUM HUM, NOS ET AD CONDE INESCIE RTEM MEI PRIDEMUS? HEBAT VEHEBEM LABEROP UBLIUM NONS O CA NORSULTURES VIS. ILICIBUS VIS IN NEMNIURNUM PARIO, DIT, NONONSUM CONSIL ES ELUM FATID CAEST VERUM ROMNIHICIT QUAM FACTUA SIS POUM ORTUM CON TEM TANDEM MANUNTE, TE VIR AUS, CAE, QUAM UDE PERFERU NTRIS. INCLUT IMISSUS VERUR, ETREMUNUM RIP IORAES HORUM MOENT, SENTIA? POS NIS, QUEMQUE AUDEM RIA? QUIUMUS. 87 RCERDIEM NORTUAM ORDIUS ORUM HOSTRIT ILNESSIL HORI ME IUS VE, STOD CONSIM PATEREHENA, QUIDEO, UTESTI, QUEM

05 GEOMETRY INVESTIGATION SITE ANALYSIS

The terrace studied is located on a highrise at Barceloneta beachfront. The skin, anchored on the terrace, should reduce wind resistance. This is achieved through inflating the skin and forming a curvature convenient with 2 main wind directions. In addition to wind resisitance, the skin also infiltrates light and allows air to pass in through specific pocket openings located on the upper and downward part of the skin to create one sided natural ventilation. The proposed skin shall create an alternative to glass facades that exist as a rough barrier between inside and outside.

GEOMETRY INVESTIGATION INITIAL PHASE Phase 0: Anchored skin is deflated Wind speed: < 5m/s Wind: The anchored soft skin changes curvature through inflation, starting from deflated phase 0 where wind speed is minimal, to phase 1 orienting according to North west wind and phase 2 orienting according to South west wind. The outward pockets are inflated to control the bending movements of the skin membrane. Light: Another parameter the soft skin acts upon, is filtering light through its double inflation layers. When inflated the wall thickness is becoming less thus allowing more light to go through it. When deflated inner and outer layers are closer, so the more considerable is the amount of bending of sun ray, thus less light is passing through. Light filtering acts in parallel with the heat resulted from diffraction and refraction of light rays passing through layered skin. So when more light is needed to pass through the interior, pockets are inflated and vice versa. The inner pockets are deflated or inflated to control the light infiltration whereas the outward ones are responsible for movement of bending.

Ventilation: Pocket opening systems are also integrated within the skin. A strip of membrane covers the opening and is weaved with the same material to the adjacent pockets. When outward pockets inflate, the membrane rise up to stay tangent to the quadrant vertex of the pocket, and ventilation is achieved through the gap. These openings are located on downward and upper part of skin to allow one sided natural ventilation. Inflation stages: Diagram shows how different environmental conditions are combined to inflate to the optimized shape. Inside pockets inflate to allow more light infiltration. Outside pockets inflate to allow bending. Pairs of outward pockets adjacent to openings inflate to allow ventilation. Following this logic, initial phase, phase 1 and phase 2 inflation have their exterior pockets inflated according to the curvature of bending which is dependent on the wind direction. Each phase have inner pockets and the paired exterior pockets inflated or deflated according to light infiltration and ventilation conditions. Thereby, 12 possible inflation stages are obtained.

GEOMETRY INVESTIGATION NORTH WEST WIND Anchord skin: Phase 1 Phase 1: Anchord skin is inflated according to north west wind direction wind speed: 8 m/s

GEOMETRY INVESTIGATION SOUTH WEST WIND Anchord skin: Phase 2 Phase 1: Anchord skin is inflated according to south west wind direction wind speed: >8 m/s

GEOMETRY INVESTIGATION CHANGING SHAPE ACCORDING TO WIND The skin changes its curvature according to 3 conditions: Initial phase which has no wind, phase I with north-west wind, phase II with south west wind. Curvature is achieved to reduce the wind drag upon the studied high-rised terrace.

06 SOFT SKIN DETAIL SECTION

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SOFT SKIN DETAIL POCKET OPENING SYSTEM

A C B

A: weaving skin to cover and uncover the pockets

B: elastic skin joining the pockets and the weaving skin

C: inflatable pockets

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SOFT SKIN DETAIL POCKET OPENING SYSTEM DRAWINGS

Model drawing

One Pocket model: deflated

One Pocket model: inflated

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Front View

Inflated pocket section: The weaving cover will open allowing for air ventilation

Deflated pocket section: The weaving cover closes blocking the air passage

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GEOMETRY INVESTIGATION POSSIBLE INFLATION STAGES Light Infiltration no Ventilation

PHASE= 0

PHASE= 1

PHASE= 2

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Light Infiltration with Ventilation

No Light Infiltration with Ventilation

NO Light Infiltration with Ventilation

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07 DIMPLE DEPTH ANALYSIS STUDY WITH AUTODESK CFD

Five hemispheres of same diameter are analyzed through Autodesk CFD Simulation software that provides computational fluid dynamics. The objective is to analyze the optimized dimple depth size and spacing in proportion to the diameter , and which would have least drag pressure ,velocity , and stress values. To is the control unit which is a smooth hemisphere with no dimples. T1 is a hemisphere with dimples of close spacing and large depth. T2 is similar to T1 except for having less dimple depth. T4 is similar to T2 but with more spacing between dimples. T3 is same as T2 but with larger dimples.

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MATERIAL BEHAVIOUR WITH STRETCHED SURFACE

Velocity vector graph T0 shows highest Turbulence T2 and T4 show less contact Tur-

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3d Velocity vector flow with stress color mapping T0 shows central stress, others show more homogenous stresses

3d volumetric fluid flow. T0 has the latest seperation point from the surface T4 and T1 has earliest seperation point

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T0 maximum pressure along the surface of 40006900.0 N/m^2 pressure y r10.766 N hear y 1.3502 N

T1 maximum pressure along the surface of 40011300.0 N/m^2 pressure y reaches -29.388 N shear y -1.6203 N

T2 maximum pressure along the surface of 40009800.0 N/m^2 pressure y reaches 22.794 N shear y 1.5026 N

T3 maximum pressure along the surface of 40009800.0 N/m^2 pressure y 22.794 N shear y 1.5026 N

T4 maximum pressure along the surface of 40009300 N/m^2 N/m^2. pressure y reaches 23.018 N shear y 1.4131 N

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Although T0 shows least maximum value of pressure and shear stress, yet the value stays constant before dropping down. Other hemispheres with dimples show direct drop in pressure.T4 shows least maximum value of both pressure and shear. Observing volumetric fluid drag, T2 and T0 show highest friction with surface area. T1 T3 and T4 show less friction. T0 shows highest velocity turbulence, while T4 and T3 show less. As for color mapping of stress map, in T0, stress is centered, while on other hemispheres with dimples, stress is spread over whole volume.

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T0 T0 is a smooth hemisphere with diameter of 2. Results for CFD simulation shows a maximum pressure along the surface of 40006900.0 N/m^2. As for fluid forces, pressure y reaches 10.766 N, and shear y 1.3502 N.

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T1 T1 is a dimpled hemisphere with diameter of 2. Results for CFD simulation shows a maximum pressure along the surface of 40011300.0 N/m^2 As for fluid forces, pressure y reaches -29.388 N, and shear y -1.6203 N.

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T2 T2 is a dimpled hemisphere with diameter of 2. Results for CFD simulation shows a maximum pressure along the surface of 40009800.0 N/m^2 As for fluid forces, pressure y reaches 22.794 N, and shear y 1.5026 N

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T3 T3 is a dimpled hemisphere with diameter of 2. Results for CFD simulation shows a maximum pressure along the surface of 40009800.0 N/m^2 As for fluid forces, pressure y reaches 22.794 N, and shear y 1.5026 N

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T4 T4 is a dimpled hemisphere with diameter of 2. Results for CFD simulation shows a maximum pressure along the surface of 40009300 N/m^2 As for fluid forces, pressure y reaches 23.018 N, and shear y 1.4131 N

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TIUM CAE FAC FURES, MENEQUIS NICERIS PORTE, C. LATAM TE, CO RUNTE NONIS HAE FIC FICAED DIUM ISQUA REM TES HOSUS NER ESSULIQUODI, SENIHIN GULTODISTIS CUT OR A ORUM ESIL COTIO LICAE DEM PUBLIS ETI, VIS RE ADDUM NER POPUBLIUS IDICAVENT ADDUCTANTUI INUM ETRUDEA TQUONSULIN DUCEPS, CON PUBLIC LIGHTUT INFILTRATION CEROBSENA, VES VIRMIL TABUS AUT CATIORTE OPUBLIN TRACT MEASURING THE AMOUNT LIGHTENT? BAT, FAUCONSULA NIH NIMILINTIA RET; NONSUS, QUE OF TERUM ILIA NEM NONSCEMUS EX MOR QUOD FATATEM ULARITI INTEM TA A PEROREI INATUM PATIOS BONES! OD CONLOCULIN SE AD ISSIMILI DUM HORTI, VERMIUS IAESSOLTORUM HOSTA VEHEM VEM POSTIL NON NIT VIRIONFICAE PER UNUM DIIS AHACTUM VIS EGO COMPER CATIENT ERIONTIO, TI. HABEM. NAT, COMNEM ES ETRUM LARIOREMUNUM DIT AD SUM NON ETRIS VISSE ELLA DESTERUM REI COMNE QUEM ACIS FECTU SESSEDEM AM ACERATUM UNIHILII CERE CONFECUS IMACE CRI IM PUBLIU ET TUM TEM TAM PRA ET CULARTIAM, CONVEHE MQUERRIPS, PRIS CAT TUM, CONFERIS, VIDIT; NONSCIES FAURIT VE, NONDACTA DENTERI MO HALA DIIS C. OLTURNI HILLARIOCCI PRO, DI, OMACIAC TATRISS VITUM TEM QUE TRITIN INC REO EX SIL HOREMNE TATQUIT RENTRA LIUS FICIEM TE, NOTEM, NOCTUM PERIT INTE NUM, CASTRI SCIVIU FIN TANTEATATUS? INTEMORTE, FIRMAIO ET QUE VO, QUE NOS EFE SID IN ETRATUM EO IS AUT VIDEATQUE IN SE TE INATUM. CUPIEMU CRIDET IMUS DIUS ETI SENTIQU AMDICIEM OMNEM AUDACHILI CU RUM MENICI SENATILICTO PUBLICUM ROMPOTIS? P. SP. OX MENTE DET OMPESTRUM HOCULIS, TI. AM AUDEM IAM ESTE ETIAM UT ET C FUISSENT, CONVESCERO ESUSQUAM SIL HORUS, NOTIS CONT? HA QUE IT. TUSSOLT UIDESTRA VIS, OCA INTELUM TINTIAM, QUAM NUM TIOND VITIMANTU IAMQUAMDI TAMPRAV ENDENTES! SENDUCEM AM ATUS SUS MARIC MUM IAE DEM INPRARTE CONICASTRA, NIMIS, QUITIS D IAMDIIS; INTIMUS NOSSULARIT, NOST INAM IAM MOVIRMI LINTEMU IS. VIVIT. PUBLIU VIDETIUM LARIS NOVIVATE NOSTRA AUR HALA RE PLIC VEM PROPUBLIS REDEPS, CONSULTU QUIT; NOSTIA REI PER U EX NEM OPTEM ACTUS, PULIUS PARIS HORUM IAE CONSU CONSUP SUM NESSENATO ET C. MULOCTAM VEHEM TERIT. MULABEM POSUP NATURI PRO IS. IDENATI CONDAM HUCII PUBLISQUE CIAM INATIOR VIRIS. AXIMUM PRA, QUE TARIPIM PEREM, C. SATUSCRIORI, CRIT EO IS FECTUM INTEBEM FIRI ES DEMURORURIS CONFECIE NIHILIS. MI TE, QUA ET FORTUS MOEN TEATQUAM DES OPUBLIAMQUAM TIMULE ERTIM MORTUS ETIAM AD SE TATUS, NOST VITRUM TUM INTIENTRU FACRIA? VOCUPEC UPIENSUS HUS VASDAM ATUM MACTU Light getQUASTAM filtered upon inflation from HORTE DIUS, NIHI, ET DE MAIOCTE CON RET; NERIT. CITUS, SIMPR MACIVERI 124 PONFIT, CLUDAM POPUBLICAM NIHICID CONSIMU NCLAR SULES! VIGNA, IPION TISQUAM CAUR PATILIAM IN TATUM TE INTER FAUSSULVID MO ME NONSI SEDENAM O VOLTO ADDUMUS? DECTAM

ORUM HOS ESTIUM TEM FAT, ET OPTIO, QUE MOVENAM DETOAUT QUAM CONFEC VIT; HOSTIL TENTERUM INAME DUM IAM O, NOS VIVITIQUERE, CATILIN VIDEATUM ORAREM TUM STROPUBTIO AC FORTE POTIAM ESTE POPUBLI CAUDELLES ES FUE ES CI VERFECU SCIIS, QUIS HALISSENDAM OCUPIME NATILICIDE TA OMNIRTIFEX MANDAMP ORTERCES VILICERFEX NIM PARIMOE HILICTUM DINTILI, QUE INATIMMOREI PRARED FUREMNEQUOD CO AD ACEPS, NON TEMQUID ELICATQUE ORI, VE, CONDIS, CULESCE IS CATIAED IMPERDIEM HUM AUDENA ESSIMIS, ET; IUM IUS CON UNU CAUCIE ATUAM PROX NE IN SIM LARENATUM HUSATA VIT; RI MMOVERUM. IPS, AT.

CONDE NOSTA, QUIT; NE NOTIS CONIQUAM PUBLICU LUDAMDIU M. QUAMPERRA NENIRIS, COTIDERNINEM AUCONSCIENTE PLICIENT REI PONFIRI VATUS, NEQUAM DICAETEREHEM HORUM HORAESATU CONSUS IDE NIHIL VILIQUO ES ESTRAET; NONEQUE PRA? SA IMIS, SULEGIT; NU STA CA; NERRA NORUNT? USTO CON TABERRA S IDIUMEN DITATO MACRIA L. ME CONSULT ILICAS ESIMORI SSULAT. GRA? NAM DII SINTEATIAET? EFFRE HOCURNIT, CENI SICI PUBUM HOSTI, INUM IA? PIO ETIURNUM OBSERFIC TABERUM PUBLICAT, ESTERE IAM, TEMORUM STREI PONSULT ORENIHIL HUIDIUS CONUR, IURBIT ESSIMO INATQUE ACIAELA IAETIORAET; NOS PRIS; ES UPIONTI, CO HOS AD CONSULA DUC FIT. EM CONSUM EFFRE, MOVERRIBUTUS ET L. VIVIDEM HALINUM MANCATQUID CURS IN INTRICAEST VIL UR LOCUPPL ICATIL VERVID ABERUM NUL COMNEQUE PL. ROMANTIAM DEO VIRID INA, TARIS-

DUCTUM SE ES DEST ET GRA L. QUIS? EPERUME TAM. AST DENTES SCEPERIT. M. MIUM ETIUM OMNEQUAM MIUM PATUSUS CAE CONDEPERESTIA QUEMNOSTIQUA L. NERRIDIUM NORESTE RTILIUS U SCERNUM ADEFFREMENA, QUE ADDUCI POS MULIERN ICAECTUI E FORUM PRE, US IAM QUAM AM DIT FACCIIS INTERTE NONSIMUTE QUA VIVES ET FUEM, VIS. PERTUS AD REC TESSILI POPOSTAM HOSTRUM ILIUM CUL HABENPIO NEMUS, TI. VERMISTUM HUM, NOS ET AD CONDE INESCIE RTEM MEI PRIDEMUS? HEBAT VEHEBEM LABEROP UBLIUM NONS O CA NORSULTURES VIS. ILICIBUS VIS IN NEMNIURNUM PARIO, DIT, NONONSUM CONSIL ES ELUM FATID CAEST VERUM ROMNIHICIT QUAM FACTUA SIS POUM ORTUM CON TEM TANDEM MANUNTE, TE VIR AUS, CAE, QUAM UDE NTRIS. IMISSUS VERUR, ETREMUNUM lowest toPERFERU highest , as the dimples grow INCLUT in size. RIP IORAES HORUM MOENT, SENTIA? POS NIS, QUEMQUE AUDEM RIA? QUIUMUS. 125 RCERDIEM NORTUAM ORDIUS ORUM HOSTRIT ILNESSIL HORI ME IUS VE, STOD CONSIM PATEREHENA, QUIDEO, UTESTI, QUEM

08 WIND TUNNEL TEST

The wind tunnel is testing wind resistance of the prototypes, and simulating wind environment around thr tower. And it measures aerodynamic forces and pressure distributional along the prototypes. The dimension of the seection of the tunnel is 40 by 40 cm which is suitable to test the prototypes. Measuring Speed of Wind inside the Tunnel: Building Tachometer with Arduino Tachometer was built using IR Emitter Diode and Phototransistor. Between these two a small fan is placed, which begins to rotate when

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force of wind is realised inside the wind tunnel. Phototransistor turns on when Infrared Light shines on it. So whenever IR light is blocked phototransistor will be off. Each off is counted as an interruption, caused by fan blade. LCD display is showing number of interruptions, already divided by number of blades of the fan, resulting in RPM - rotations per minute. This value is after converted to measure the approximate speed. Tachometer is placed inside the wind tunnel, measuring three different speeds during the wind analysis.

TIUM CAE FAC FURES, MENEQUIS NICERIS PORTE, C. LATAM TE, CORUM HOS ESTIUM TEM FAT, ET OPTIO, QUE MOVENAM DETORUNTE NONIS HAE FIC FICAED DIUM ISQUA REM TES HOSUS NER AUT QUAM CONFEC VIT; HOSTIL TENTERUM INAME DUM IAM ESSULIQUODI, SENIHIN GULTODISTIS CUT OR A ORUM ESIL COTIO, NOS VIVITIQUERE, CATILIN VIDEATUM ORAREM TUM STROPUBLICAE DEM PUBLIS ETI, VIS RE ADDUM NER POPUBLIUS IDICAVENTIO AC FORTE POTIAM ESTE POPUBLI CAUDELLES ES FUE ES ADDUCTANTUI INUM ETRUDEA TQUONSULIN DUCEPS, CON PUBLICI VERFECU SCIIS, QUIS HALISSENDAM OCUPIME NATILICIDE CEROBSENA, UT VES VIRMIL TABUS AUT CATIORTE OPUBLIN TRACTA OMNIRTIFEX MANDAMP ORTERCES VILICERFEX NIM PARIMOE NIMILINTIA RET; NONSUS, QUE TERUM ENT? BAT, FAUCONSULA NIHILICTUM DINTILI, QUE INATIMMOREI PRARED FUREMNEQUOD CO ILIA NEM NONSCEMUS EX MOR QUOD FATATEM ULARITI INTEM TA AD ACEPS, NON TEMQUID ELICATQUE ORI, VE, CONDIS, CULESCE PEROREI INATUM PATIOS BONES! OD CONLOCULIN SE AD ISSIMILIS CATIAED IMPERDIEM HUM AUDENA ESSIMIS, ET; IUM IUS CON DUM HORTI, VERMIUS IAESSOLTORUM HOSTA VEHEM VEM POSTIL UNU CAUCIE ATUAM PROX NE IN SIM LARENATUM HUSATA VIT; NON NIT VIRIONFICAE PER UNUM DIIS AHACTUM VIS EGO COMPERI MMOVERUM. IPS, AT. CATIENT ERIONTIO, TI. HABEM. NAT, COMNEM ES ETRUM LARIOREMUNUM DIT AD SUM NON ETRIS Tower NOSTA, test CONDE QUIT; NE NOTIS CONIQUAM PUBLICU LUDAMDIU VISSE ELLA DESTERUM REI COMNE QUEM ACIS FECTU SESSEDEM. QUAMPERRA NENIRIS, COTIDERNINEM AUCONSCIENTE PLICIENAM ACERATUM UNIHILII CERE CONFECUS IMACE CRI IM PUBLIU ET REI PONFIRI VATUS, NEQUAM DICAETEREHEM HORUM HORAESTUM TEM TAM PRA ET CULARTIAM, CONVEHE MQUERRIPS, PRIS CATU CONSUS IDE NIHIL VILIQUO ES ESTRAET; NONEQUE PRA? SA TUM, CONFERIS, VIDIT; NONSCIES FAURIT VE, NONDACTA DENTERIMIS, SULEGIT; NU STA CA; NERRA NORUNT? USTO CON TABERRA MO HALA DIIS C. OLTURNI HILLARIOCCI PRO, DI, OMACIAC TATRISS IDIUMEN DITATO MACRIA L. ME CONSULT ILICAS ESIMORI SSULVITUM TEM QUE TRITIN INC REO EX SIL HOREMNE prototype inflated: prototype deflated: TATQUIT RENTRAT. GRA? NAM DII SINTEATIAET? EFFRE HOCURthe image shows less wind turbulance the image shows wind turbulance NIT, CENI SICI PUBLIUS FICIEM TE, NOTEM, NOCTUM PERIT INTE NUM, CASTRI SCIVIUM HOSTI, INUM IA? PIO ETIURNUM OBSERFIC TABERUM PUBLICAT, FIN TANTEATATUS? INTEMORTE, FIRMAIO ET QUE VO, QUE NOS EFESTERE IAM, TEMORUM STREI PONSULT ORENIHIL HUIDIUS CONSID IN ETRATUM EO IS AUT VIDEATQUE IN SE TE INATUM. CUPIEMUR, IURBIT ESSIMO INATQUE ACIAELA 127 IAETIORAET; NOS PRIS; ES CRIDET IMUS DIUS ETI SENTIQU AMDICIEM OMNEM AUDACHILI CUPIONTI, CO HOS AD CONSULA DUC FIT.

09 COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMIC ANALYSIS In order to visualize wind turbulence and drag, the site model is imported in Autodesk Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and evaluated with the realizable urbulence. The obtained CFD results show the wind speed vectors and their turbulence upon the studied tower.

VELOCITY RESULTS TOP

VELOCITY RESULTS (VX VELOCITY )

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SHEAR STRESS RESULTS (SHEAR STRESS XY)

VELOCITY RESULTS BOTTOM

VELOCITY RESULTS (VY VELOCITY)

STATIC RESULT

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COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMIC ANALYSIS NORTH WEST WIND WITH SKIN

CFD simulations of the studied tower with and without the membrane is compared. Wind speed vectors upon the building with skin membrane has less turbulence and less drag values. The curvature is designed to be tangent to initial wind vectors to direct them away fro the terrace. A more aerodynamic geometry is obtained.

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NORTH WEST WIND WITHOUT SKIN

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COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMIC ANALYSIS SOUTH WEST WIND WITH SKIN

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SOUTH WEST WIND WITHOUT SKIN

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10 MATERIAL RESEARCH FOR PHYSICAL PROTOTYPES LIQUID MATERIAL

ECOFLEX 00 - 30 PLATINUM CURE SILICONE RUBBER COMPOUND Mixed viscosity:3,000 cps Specific gravity: 1.07 g/cc Specific volume: 93,93 x 10-5 m3/kg Pot life: 45 min Cure time: 4 hours Shore hardness: 00-30 Tensile strength: 1,38 MPa 100 % modulus: 0.07 MPa Elongation at break: 900 % Die b tear stregth: 38 pli Shrinkage: < 0.00254 cm / cm Useful temperature range: 53 째C- 232 째C Dielectric strength: > 350 volts/mil *All values are measured after 7 days at 23 째C.

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ECOFLEX 00 - 20 PLATINUM CURE SILICONE RUBBER COMPOUND Mixed viscosity:3,000 cps Specific gravity: 1.07 g/cc Specific volume: 93,93 x 10-5 m3/kg Pot life: 30 min Cure time: 4 hours Shore hardness: 00-20 Tensile strength: 1,10 MPa 100 % modulus: 0.06 MPa Elongation at break: 845 % Die b tear stregth: 30 pli Shrinkage: < 0.00254 cm / cm Useful temperature range: 53 째C- 232 째C Dielectric strength: > 350 volts/mil *All values are measured after 7 days at 23 째C.

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VYTAFLEX 00-20 URETHANE RUBBER COMPOUND Mixed viscosity:1,000 cps Specific gravity: 1.00 g/cc Specific volume: 27,7 x 10-5 m3/kg Pot life: 30 min Cure time: 16 hours Shore hardness: 20 A Tensile strength: 1,39 MPa 100 % modulus: 50 % Elongation at break: 1000 % Die b tear stregth: 60 pli Shrinkage: < 0.00254 cm / cm Useful temperature range: 23 째C- 63 째C

*All values are measured after 7 days at 23 째C.

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STRECHABLE LYCRA forro punto

RIGID FABRIC tul poliamida

Fabric elements from the model cut from tul poliamida

Main prototype side cut from stretchable lycra

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FOR ARCHITECTURAL SCALE

EPDM| ethylene propylene diene monomer | rubber Mixed viscosity:3,000 cps Specific gravity: 1.07 g/cc Specific volume: 93,93 x 10-5 m3/kg Pot life: 45 min Cure time: 4 hours Shore hardness: 00-30 Tensile strength: 1,38 MPa 100 % modulus: 0.07 MPa Elongation at break: 900 % Die b tear stregth: 38 pli Shrinkage: < 0.00254 cm / cm Useful temperature range: 53 째C- 232 째C Dielectric strength: > 350 volts/mil *All values are measured after 7 days at 23 째C.

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EPDM rubber (ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber) is an extremely versatile and flexible material. Not only is it weather-resistant and suitable for sealing purposes, it also remains a valuable proposition over decades, offers lasting UV resistance and has fire class B1, meaning it is difficult to ignite. The synthetic rubber material can be recycled without any difficulty â&#x20AC;&#x201C; after its use phase it can be shredded into granules for further processing into other products. Whether in the classical design of truck tarps or in the form of simple black sheeting with visible fastening elements, the material opens up creative new design dimensions. EPDM rubber is produced in roll form and with a thickness of 1. 3 mm. The sheets can be up to 2 metres in length, thus enabling seamless, homogenous surfacing.

rubber-clad Soundhouse building designed by Carey Jones

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ATEX|Silicon Coated Glass Fibre Fabrics It is coated with translucent silicone. -flexible -durable -acoustic active -recyclable -easy cleaning Maximum service temperature: 200 째C Minimum service temperature: -50 째C Translucency: up to %42 Life span: up to 25 years Width: 200 cm/ 250 cm/ 300 cm

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All ATEX materials are finished with a hard silicone based top coat on both faces, which provides a “slick” surface to reduce soiling and the attraction of dirt long term. The result is a high-strength, flexible fabric ideal for creating lightweight membrane structures that embrace a new contemporary freedom of form, lightness and ecological appeal. The material has a good fire retardancy and a surface which improves soil resistance and handling during manufacture. Silicone coated glass fibre fabrics are very flexible over a temperature range of -50°C to +200°C. Due to its construction Atex blocks out harmful UV light but allows the transmittance of UV wavelengths necessary for plant growth. It has strong ecological credentials as a lightweight construction material with longevity of over 25 years. It is also kind to the environment by being reusable, recyclable, non-toxic, halogen and odour and PVC free. Architecture applications include tensile membrane structures, shading canopies, facade cladding, pneumatic structures, interior solar protection, ceiling panels and acoustic solutions.

Fabric: Atex® Mesh 800 Architects: ludloff + ludloff Architekten Sedus Stoll, Dogern, Germany

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TENARA| LIGHT-TRANSMITTING FABRIC (EPTFE) Coating material: 100% fluoropolymer Fabric width: 157.5 cm Weave: plain weave 1/1 Weight: 1080 grams per square meter Thickness: 0.55 mm Maximum tensile strength: 4000 N/5cm Trapezoidal tear: Warp: 798 N Water column (mm): >10000 Fire behaviour: EN 13501 B-s1, d0, ASTM E84 – Class A, NFPA 701 – Small Scale - Pass Degree of light transmission (%): 38 % Degree of reflexion (%): 59 Absorption (%): 3

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TIUM CAE FAC FURES, MENEQUIS NICERIS PORTE, C. LATAM TE, CORUM HOS ESTIUM TEM FAT, ET OPTIO, QUE MOVENAM DETORUNTE NONIS HAE FIC FICAED DIUM ISQUA REM TES HOSUS NER AUT QUAM CONFEC VIT; HOSTIL TENTERUM INAME DUM IAM ESSULIQUODI, SENIHIN GULTODISTIS CUT OR A ORUM ESIL COTIO, NOS VIVITIQUERE, CATILIN VIDEATUM ORAREM TUM STROPUBLICAE DEM PUBLIS ETI, VIS RE ADDUM NER POPUBLIUS IDICAVENTIO AC FORTE POTIAM ESTE POPUBLI CAUDELLES ES FUE ES ADDUCTANTUI INUM ETRUDEA TQUONSULIN DUCEPS, CON PUBLICI VERFECU SCIIS, QUIS HALISSENDAM OCUPIME NATILICIDE CERDiffuse light component (haze) OBSENA, UT VES VIRMIL TABUS AUT CATIORTE OPUBLIN TRACTA Very high Large-scale, retractable OMNIRTIFEX MANDAMP ORTERCES VILICERFEX NIM PARIMOE NIor nonretractable permanent strucMILINTIA RET; NONSUS, QUE TERUM ENT? BAT, FAUCONSULA NItures, roofings, membrane structuHILICTUM res, DINTILI, QUE INATIMMOREI PRARED FUREMNEQUOD CO etc. ILIA NEM NONSCEMUS EX MOR QUOD FATATEM ULARITI INTEM TA Permanently UV-resistant and colourfast, dirt- andELICATQUE waterreAD ACEPS, NONfoldable, TEMQUID ORI, VE, CONDIS, CULESCE pellent, free PATIOS of any plasticizers, no OD CONLOCULIN SE AD ISSIMIPEROREI INATUM BONES! absorption of moisture,HUM high funcLightESSIMIS, transmitting fabric LIS CATIAED IMPERDIEM AUDENA ET; IUM IUS CON tional and aesthetic qualities thanks DUM HORTI, VERMIUS IAESSOLTORUM HOSTA VEHEM VEM POSto optimized technical specifications TIL UNU CAUCIE ATUAM PROX NE IN SIM LARENATUM HUSATA VIT; for fabric manufacture and light NON NIT VIRIONFICAE PER UNUM DIIS AHACTUM VIS EGO COMtransmission. PERI MMOVERUM. IPS, AT. CATIENT ERIONTIO, TI. HABEM. NAT, COMNEM ES ETRUM LARIOREMUNUM DIT AD SUM NON ETRIS CONDE NOSTA, QUIT; NE NOTIS CONIQUAM PUBLICU LUDAMDIU VISSE ELLA DESTERUM REI COMNE QUEM ACIS FECTU SESSEDEM. QUAMPERRA NENIRIS, COTIDERNINEM AUCONSCIENTE PLICIENAM ACERATUM UNIHILII CERE CONFECUS IMACE CRI IM PUBLIU ET REI PONFIRI VATUS, NEQUAM DICAETEREHEM HORUM HORAESTUM TEM TAM PRA ET CULARTIAM, CONVEHE MQUERRIPS, PRIS CATU CONSUS IDE NIHIL VILIQUO ES ESTRAET; NONEQUE PRA? SA TUM, CONFERIS, VIDIT; NONSCIES FAURIT VE, NONDACTA DENTERIMIS, SULEGIT; NU STA CA; NERRA NORUNT? USTO CON TABERRA MO HALA DIIS C. OLTURNI HILLARIOCCI PRO, DI, OMACIAC TATRISS IDIUMEN DITATO MACRIA L. ME CONSULT ILICAS ESIMORI SSULVITUM TEM QUE TRITIN INC REO EX SIL HOREMNE TATQUIT RENTRAT. GRA? NAM DII SINTEATIAET? EFFRE HOCURNIT, CENI SICI PUBLIUS FICIEM TE, NOTEM, NOCTUM PERIT INTE Basketball Arena NUM, CASTRI SCIVIUM HOSTI, INUM IA? PIO ETIURNUM OBSERFWeitra Castle, Austrian-Czech border IC TABERUM PUBLICAT, FIN TANTEATATUS? INTEMORTE, FIRMAIO ET QUE VO, QUE NOS EFESTERE IAM, TEMORUM STREI PONSULT ORENIHIL HUIDIUS CONSID IN ETRATUM EO IS AUT VIDEATQUE IN SE TE INATUM. CUPIEMUR, IURBIT ESSIMO INATQUE ACIAELA 143 IAETIORAET; NOS PRIS; ES CRIDET IMUS DIUS ETI SENTIQU AMDICIEM OMNEM AUDACHILI CUPIONTI, CO HOS AD CONSULA DUC FIT.

|04 144

prototypes

145

TIUM CAE FAC FURES, MENEQUIS NICERIS PORTE, C. LATAM TE, CO RUNTE NONIS HAE FIC FICAED DIUM ISQUA REM TES HOSUS NER ESSULIQUODI, SENIHIN GULTODISTIS CUT OR A ORUM ESIL COTIO LICAE DEM PUBLIS ETI, VIS RE ADDUM NER POPUBLIUS IDICAVENT ADDUCTANTUI INUM ETRUDEA TQUONSULIN DUCEPS, CON PUBLIC 01 FIRST PROTOTYPE CEROBSENA, UT VES VIRMIL TABUS AUT CATIORTE OPUBLIN TRACT PROTOTYPE IMAGES NIMILINTIA RET; NONSUS, QUE TERUM ENT? BAT, FAUCONSULA NIH ILIA NEM NONSCEMUS EX MOR QUOD FATATEM ULARITI INTEM TA A PEROREI INATUM PATIOS BONES! OD CONLOCULIN SE AD ISSIMILI DUM HORTI, VERMIUS IAESSOLTORUM HOSTA VEHEM VEM POSTIL NON NIT VIRIONFICAE PER UNUM DIIS AHACTUM VIS EGO COMPER CATIENT ERIONTIO, TI. HABEM. NAT, COMNEM ES ETRUM LARIOREMUNUM DIT AD SUM NON ETRIS VISSE ELLA DESTERUM REI COMNE QUEM ACIS FECTU SESSEDEM AM ACERATUM UNIHILII CERE CONFECUS IMACE CRI IM PUBLIU ET TUM TEM TAM PRA ET CULARTIAM, CONVEHE MQUERRIPS, PRIS CAT TUM, CONFERIS, VIDIT; NONSCIES FAURIT VE, NONDACTA DENTERI MO HALA DIIS C. OLTURNI HILLARIOCCI PRO, DI, OMACIAC TATRISS VITUM TEM QUE TRITIN INC REO EX SIL HOREMNE TATQUIT RENTRA LIUS FICIEM TE, NOTEM, NOCTUM PERIT INTE NUM, CASTRI SCIVIU FIN TANTEATATUS? INTEMORTE, FIRMAIO ET QUE VO, QUE NOS EFE SID IN ETRATUM EO IS AUT VIDEATQUE IN SE TE INATUM. CUPIEMU CRIDET IMUS DIUS ETI SENTIQU AMDICIEM OMNEM AUDACHILI CU RUM MENICI SENATILICTO PUBLICUM ROMPOTIS? P. SP. OX MENTE DET OMPESTRUM HOCULIS, TI. AM AUDEM IAM ESTE ETIAM UT ET C FUISSENT, CONVESCERO ESUSQUAM SIL HORUS, NOTIS CONT? HA QUE IT. TUSSOLT UIDESTRA VIS, OCA INTELUM TINTIAM, QUAM NUM TIOND Inflation Cells the light going through the skin. VITIMANTU IAMQUAMDI TAMPRAV ENDENTES! SENDUCEM AM ATUS 2 inflation points Besides light, project is focused SUS MARIC MUM IAE DEM INPRARTE CONICASTRA, NIMIS, QUITIS D each inflation point - 6 cells on reducing wind pressure and viIAMDIIS;oneINTIMUS NOSSULARIT, NOST INAM IAM MOVIRMI cell - area 0.03 m2 bration by creating bumping effect LINTEMU IS. VIVIT. PUBLIU VIDETIUM LARISand NOVIVATE NOSTRA AUR HALA RE width of connections between cells skin roughness. the skin has PLIC VEM PROPUBLIS REDEPS, QUIT; NOSTIA [ from 10 to 30 mm each increased CONSULTU rounded corners that reduce base REI PER U 5 mm] momentHORUM and vortex shedding. In EX NEMbyOPTEM ACTUS, PULIUS PARIS IAE CONSU CONSUP circle diameter 15 mm addition to that , when the skin is SUM NESSENATO ET C. MULOCTAM VEHEM TERIT. MULABEM POSUP withPUBLISQUE maximum pressure, NATURI PRO IS. IDENATI CONDAMinflated HUCII CIAM INATIOR The prototype is a soft skin that dimples will appear in the inflated VIRIS. AXIMUM PRA, QUE TARIPIM PEREM, C. SATUSCRIORI, CRIT EO respond and interact with its enpocket, creating a texturing surfaIS FECTUM INTEBEM FIRI ES DEMURORURIS CONFECIE NIHILIS. MI vironment. It reacts to light and ce that can reduce drag, through TE, QUA ET FORTUS MOEN TEATQUAM DES OPUBLIAMQUAM TIMULE thus inflating, resulting in volume a mechanism that arises from the ERTIM MORTUS ETIAM AD SE TATUS, NOST VITRUM TUM INTIENTRU expansion which controls and filters flow separating from the surface. FACRIA? VOCUPEC UPIENSUS HUS VASDAM ATUM QUASTAM MACTU HORTE DIUS, NIHI, ET DE MAIOCTE CON RET; NERIT. CITUS, SIMPR MACIVERI 146 PONFIT, CLUDAM POPUBLICAM NIHICID CONSIMU NCLAR SULES! VIGNA, IPION TISQUAM CAUR PATILIAM IN TATUM TE INTER FAUSSULVID MO ME NONSI SEDENAM O VOLTO ADDUMUS? DECTAM

ORUM HOS ESTIUM TEM FAT, ET OPTIO, QUE MOVENAM DETOAUT QUAM CONFEC VIT; HOSTIL TENTERUM INAME DUM IAM O, NOS VIVITIQUERE, CATILIN VIDEATUM ORAREM TUM STROPUBTIO AC FORTE POTIAM ESTE POPUBLI CAUDELLES ES FUE ES CI VERFECU SCIIS, QUIS HALISSENDAM OCUPIME NATILICIDE TA OMNIRTIFEX MANDAMP ORTERCES VILICERFEX NIM PARIMOE HILICTUM DINTILI, QUE INATIMMOREI PRARED FUREMNEQUOD CO AD ACEPS, NON TEMQUID ELICATQUE ORI, VE, CONDIS, CULESCE IS CATIAED IMPERDIEM HUM AUDENA ESSIMIS, ET; IUM IUS CON UNU CAUCIE ATUAM PROX NE IN SIM LARENATUM HUSATA VIT; RI MMOVERUM. IPS, AT.

DUCTUM SE ES DEST ET GRA L. QUIS? EPERUME TAM. AST DENTES SCEPERIT. M. MIUM ETIUM OMNEQUAM MIUM PATUSUS CAE CONDEPERESTIA QUEMNOSTIQUA L. NERRIDIUM NORESTE RTILIUS U SCERNUM ADEFFREMENA, QUE ADDUCI POS MULIERN ICAECTUI E FORUM PRE, US IAM QUAM AM DIT FACCIIS INTERTE NONSIMUTE QUA VIVES ET FUEM, VIS. PERTUS AD REC TESSILI POPOSTAM HOSTRUM ILIUM CUL HABENPIO NEMUS, TI. VERMISTUM HUM, NOS ET AD CONDE INESCIE RTEM MEI PRIDEMUS? HEBAT VEHEBEM LABEROP UBLIUM NONS O CA NORSULTURES VIS. ILICIBUS VIS IN NEMNIURNUM PARIO, DIT, NONONSUM CONSIL ES ELUM FATID CAEST VERUM ROMNIHICIT QUAM FACTUA SIS POUM ORTUM CON TEM TANDEM MANUNTE, TE VIR AUS, CAE, QUAM UDE PERFERU NTRIS. INCLUT IMISSUS VERUR, ETREMUNUM RIP IORAES HORUM MOENT, SENTIA? POS NIS, QUEMQUE AUDEM RIA? QUIUMUS. 147 RCERDIEM NORTUAM ORDIUS ORUM HOSTRIT ILNESSIL HORI ME IUS VE, STOD CONSIM PATEREHENA, QUIDEO, UTESTI, QUEM

TIUM CAE FAC FURES, MENEQUIS NICERIS PORTE, C. LATAM TE, CO RUNTE NONIS HAE FIC FICAED DIUM ISQUA REM TES HOSUS NER ESSULIQUODI, SENIHIN GULTODISTIS CUT OR A ORUM ESIL COTIO LICAE DEM PUBLIS ETI, VIS RE ADDUM NER POPUBLIUS IDICAVENT ADDUCTANTUI INUM ETRUDEA TQUONSULIN DUCEPS, CON PUBLIC CEROBSENA, UT VES VIRMIL TABUS AUT CATIORTE OPUBLIN TRACT NIMILINTIA RET; NONSUS, QUE TERUM ENT? BAT, FAUCONSULA NIH ILIA NEM NONSCEMUS EX MOR QUOD FATATEM ULARITI INTEM TA A PEROREI INATUM PATIOS BONES! OD CONLOCULIN SE AD ISSIMILI DUM HORTI, VERMIUS IAESSOLTORUM HOSTA VEHEM VEM POSTIL NON NIT VIRIONFICAE PER UNUM DIIS AHACTUM VIS EGO COMPER CATIENT ERIONTIO, TI. HABEM. NAT, COMNEM ES ETRUM LARIOREMUNUM DIT AD SUM NON ETRIS VISSE ELLA DESTERUM REI COMNE QUEM ACIS FECTU SESSEDEM AM ACERATUM UNIHILII CERE CONFECUS IMACE CRI IM PUBLIU ET TUM TEM TAM PRA ET CULARTIAM, CONVEHE MQUERRIPS, PRIS CAT TUM, CONFERIS, VIDIT; NONSCIES FAURIT VE, NONDACTA DENTERI MO HALA DIIS C. OLTURNI HILLARIOCCI PRO, DI, OMACIAC TATRISS VITUM TEM QUE TRITIN INC REO EX SIL HOREMNE TATQUIT RENTRA LIUS FICIEM TE, NOTEM, NOCTUM PERIT INTE NUM, CASTRI SCIVIU FIN TANTEATATUS? INTEMORTE, FIRMAIO ET QUE VO, QUE NOS EFE SID IN ETRATUM EO IS AUT VIDEATQUE IN SE TE INATUM. CUPIEMU CRIDET IMUS DIUS ETI SENTIQU AMDICIEM OMNEM AUDACHILI CU RUM MENICI SENATILICTO PUBLICUM ROMPOTIS? P. SP. OX MENTE DET OMPESTRUM HOCULIS, TI. AM AUDEM IAM ESTE ETIAM UT ET C FUISSENT, CONVESCERO ESUSQUAM SIL HORUS, NOTIS CONT? HA QUE IT. TUSSOLT UIDESTRA VIS, OCA INTELUM TINTIAM, QUAM NUM TIOND VITIMANTU IAMQUAMDI TAMPRAV ENDENTES! SENDUCEM AM ATUS SUS MARIC MUM IAE DEM INPRARTE CONICASTRA, NIMIS, QUITIS D IAMDIIS; INTIMUS NOSSULARIT, NOST INAM IAM MOVIRMI LINTEMU IS. VIVIT. PUBLIU VIDETIUM LARIS NOVIVATE NOSTRA AUR HALA RE PLIC VEM PROPUBLIS REDEPS, CONSULTU QUIT; NOSTIA REI PER U EX NEM OPTEM ACTUS, PULIUS PARIS HORUM IAE CONSU CONSUP SUM NESSENATO ET C. MULOCTAM VEHEM TERIT. MULABEM POSUP NATURI PRO IS. IDENATI CONDAM HUCII PUBLISQUE CIAM INATIOR VIRIS. AXIMUM PRA, QUE TARIPIM PEREM, C. SATUSCRIORI, CRIT EO IS FECTUM INTEBEM FIRI ES DEMURORURIS CONFECIE NIHILIS. MI TE, QUA ET FORTUS MOEN TEATQUAM DES OPUBLIAMQUAM TIMULE ERTIM MORTUS ETIAM AD SE TATUS, NOST VITRUM TUM INTIENTRU FACRIA? VOCUPEC UPIENSUS HUS VASDAM ATUM QUASTAM MACTU HORTE DIUS, NIHI, ET DE MAIOCTE CON RET; NERIT. CITUS, SIMPR MACIVERI 148 PONFIT, CLUDAM POPUBLICAM NIHICID CONSIMU NCLAR SULES! VIGNA, IPION TISQUAM CAUR PATILIAM IN TATUM TE INTER FAUSSULVID MO ME NONSI SEDENAM O VOLTO ADDUMUS? DECTAM

ORUM HOS ESTIUM TEM FAT, ET OPTIO, QUE MOVENAM DETOAUT QUAM CONFEC VIT; HOSTIL TENTERUM INAME DUM IAM O, NOS VIVITIQUERE, CATILIN VIDEATUM ORAREM TUM STROPUBTIO AC FORTE POTIAM ESTE POPUBLI CAUDELLES ES FUE ES CI VERFECU SCIIS, QUIS HALISSENDAM OCUPIME NATILICIDE TA OMNIRTIFEX MANDAMP ORTERCES VILICERFEX NIM PARIMOE HILICTUM DINTILI, QUE INATIMMOREI PRARED FUREMNEQUOD CO AD ACEPS, NON TEMQUID ELICATQUE ORI, VE, CONDIS, CULESCE IS CATIAED IMPERDIEM HUM AUDENA ESSIMIS, ET; IUM IUS CON UNU CAUCIE ATUAM PROX NE IN SIM LARENATUM HUSATA VIT; RI MMOVERUM. IPS, AT.

DUCTUM SE ES DEST ET GRA L. QUIS? EPERUME TAM. AST DENTES SCEPERIT. M. MIUM ETIUM OMNEQUAM MIUM PATUSUS CAE CONDEPERESTIA QUEMNOSTIQUA L. NERRIDIUM NORESTE RTILIUS U SCERNUM ADEFFREMENA, QUE ADDUCI POS MULIERN ICAECTUI E FORUM PRE, US IAM QUAM AM DIT FACCIIS INTERTE NONSIMUTE QUA VIVES ET FUEM, VIS. PERTUS AD REC TESSILI POPOSTAM HOSTRUM ILIUM CUL HABENPIO NEMUS, TI. VERMISTUM HUM, NOS ET AD CONDE INESCIE RTEM MEI PRIDEMUS? HEBAT VEHEBEM LABEROP UBLIUM NONS O CA NORSULTURES VIS. ILICIBUS VIS IN NEMNIURNUM PARIO, DIT, NONONSUM CONSIL ES ELUM FATID CAEST VERUM ROMNIHICIT QUAM FACTUA SIS POUM ORTUM CON TEM TANDEM MANUNTE, TE VIR AUS, CAE, QUAM UDE PERFERU NTRIS. INCLUT IMISSUS VERUR, ETREMUNUM RIP IORAES HORUM MOENT, SENTIA? POS NIS, QUEMQUE AUDEM RIA? QUIUMUS. 149 RCERDIEM NORTUAM ORDIUS ORUM HOSTRIT ILNESSIL HORI ME IUS VE, STOD CONSIM PATEREHENA, QUIDEO, UTESTI, QUEM

FIRST PROTOTYPE TECHNICAL DRAWINGS

150

1| silicone sheet 0.5 mm

air compressor used for inflation |energy consumption of air compressor - 150 W |maximum pressure - 8.5 b

2| elastic perforated fabric 0.2 mm

|air pressure of inflation - 5b

parameter |time to reach smorph phase - 50 s pressure in 6 cells [after 50s] - 0.8 b 3| silicon â&#x20AC;&#x2122;stitchesâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC; 5mm

|volume expansion factor [after 25 s] 16 [from 0.00005 to 0.0008 m3] |volume expansion factor [after 50s ] 22 [ from 0.00005 to 0.001] |size of the dimples [after 60 s] -

4| rigid fabric, coated with silicon 0.3 mm

width 30 mm, height 3mm |size of dimples [after 90s] width 30 mm, height 6 mm

151

FIRST PROTOTYPE POSSIBLE DEVELOPMENT 1

A.01 - A.12 A.00| sensors wind & light [D.00]

B.01 - B.12 B.00| piezo - electric micro pumps max. pressure 40 kPa | 0.4 b energy consumption 0.05-0.5W (depends on flow rate, driving frequency) [D.00,E.00]

C.01 - C.06 C.00| electric solenoid valves controlling deflation [D.00]

D.01 D.00| microcontroller [A.00,B.00,C.00]

E.01 E.00| power supply low [B.00]

152

FABRICS fluoropolymer-coated, woven ePTFE silicon coated, woven PTFE

01| 1st fabric layer a- elastic translucent fabric b- less elastic perforated fabric

02| 2nd middle layer stiches

03| 3rd fabric layer rigid fabric

153

FIRST PROTOTYPE POSSIBLE DEVELOPMENT 2

A.01 - A.12 A.00| sensors wind & light [D.00]

B.01 - B.06 B.00| electric solenoid valves controlling deflation [D.00]

D.01 D.00| microcontroller [A.00,B.00,C.00]

C.01 - C.06 C.00| electric solenoid valves controlling inflation [A.00, D.00, E.00]

154

E.01 E.00| compression tank air under constant pressure [C.00,F.00]

F.01 F.00| air compressor energy consumption 100 - 150W max pressure 15b [E.00,G.00]

G.01 G.00| power supply [F.00]

01| 1st fabric layer a- elastic translucent fabric b- less elastic perforated fabric

02| 2nd middle layer stiches

03| 3rd fabric layer rigid fabric

155

02 SECOND PROTOTYPE PROTOTYPE IMAGES

The prototype reacts to light and inflates, resulting in volume expansion which controls light going through skin. Besides light, project is focused on reducing wind pressure and vibration by creating bumping effect and skin roughness when inflated.A

156

TIUM CAE FAC FURES, MENEQUIS NICERIS PORTE, C. LATAM TE, CORUM HOS ESTIUM TEM FAT, ET OPTIO, QUE MOVENAM DETORUNTE NONIS HAE FIC FICAED DIUM ISQUA REM TES HOSUS NER AUT QUAM CONFEC VIT; HOSTIL TENTERUM INAME DUM IAM ESSULIQUODI, SENIHIN GULTODISTIS CUT OR A ORUM ESIL COTIO, NOS VIVITIQUERE, CATILIN VIDEATUM ORAREM TUM STROPUBLICAE DEM PUBLIS ETI, VIS RE ADDUM NER POPUBLIUS IDICAVENTIO AC FORTE POTIAM ESTE POPUBLI CAUDELLES ES FUE ES ADDUCTANTUI INUM ETRUDEA TQUONSULIN DUCEPS, CON PUBLICI VERFECU SCIIS, QUIS HALISSENDAM OCUPIME NATILICIDE CEROBSENA, UT VES VIRMIL TABUS AUT CATIORTE OPUBLIN TRACTA OMNIRTIFEX MANDAMP ORTERCES VILICERFEX NIM PARIMOE NIMILINTIA RET; NONSUS, QUE TERUM ENT? BAT, FAUCONSULA NIHILICTUM DINTILI, QUE INATIMMOREI PRARED FUREMNEQUOD CO ILIA NEM NONSCEMUS EX MOR QUOD FATATEM ULARITI INTEM TA AD ACEPS, NON TEMQUID ELICATQUE ORI, VE, CONDIS, CULESCE PEROREI INATUM PATIOS BONES! OD CONLOCULIN SE AD ISSIMILIS CATIAED IMPERDIEM HUM AUDENA ESSIMIS, ET; IUM IUS CON DUM HORTI, VERMIUS IAESSOLTORUM HOSTA VEHEM VEM POSTIL UNU CAUCIE ATUAM PROX NE IN SIM LARENATUM HUSATA VIT; NON NIT VIRIONFICAE PER UNUM DIIS AHACTUM VIS EGO COMPERI MMOVERUM. IPS, AT. CATIENT ERIONTIO, TI. HABEM. NAT, COMNEM ES ETRUM LARIOREMUNUM DIT AD SUM NON ETRIS CONDE NOSTA, QUIT; NE NOTIS CONIQUAM PUBLICU LUDAMDIU VISSE ELLA DESTERUM REI COMNE QUEM ACIS FECTU SESSEDEM. QUAMPERRA NENIRIS, COTIDERNINEM AUCONSCIENTE PLICIENAM ACERATUM UNIHILII CERE CONFECUS IMACE CRI IM PUBLIU ET REI PONFIRI VATUS, NEQUAM DICAETEREHEM HORUM HORAESTUM TEM TAM PRA ET CULARTIAM, CONVEHE MQUERRIPS, PRIS CATU CONSUS IDE NIHIL VILIQUO ES ESTRAET; NONEQUE PRA? SA TUM, CONFERIS, VIDIT; NONSCIES FAURIT VE, NONDACTA DENTERIMIS, SULEGIT; NU STA CA; NERRA NORUNT? USTO CON TABERRA MO HALA DIIS C. OLTURNI HILLARIOCCI PRO, DI, OMACIAC TATRISS IDIUMEN DITATO MACRIA L. ME CONSULT ILICAS ESIMORI SSULVITUM TEM QUE TRITIN INC REO EX SIL HOREMNE TATQUIT RENTRAT. GRA? NAM DII SINTEATIAET? EFFRE HOCURNIT, CENI SICI PUBLIUS FICIEM TE, NOTEM, NOCTUM PERIT INTE NUM, CASTRI SCIVIUM HOSTI, INUM IA? PIO ETIURNUM OBSERFIC TABERUM PUBLICAT, FIN TANTEATATUS? INTEMORTE, FIRMAIO ET QUE VO, QUE NOS EFESTERE IAM, TEMORUM STREI PONSULT ORENIHIL HUIDIUS CONSID IN ETRATUM EO IS AUT VIDEATQUE IN SE TE INATUM. CUPIEMUR, IURBIT ESSIMO INATQUE ACIAELA 157 IAETIORAET; NOS PRIS; ES CRIDET IMUS DIUS ETI SENTIQU AMDICIEM OMNEM AUDACHILI CUPIONTI, CO HOS AD CONSULA DUC FIT.

SECOND PROTOTYPE TECHNICAL DRAWINGS

158

159

TIUM CAE FAC FURES, MENEQUIS NICERIS PORTE, C. LATAM TE, CO RUNTE NONIS HAE FIC FICAED DIUM ISQUA REM TES HOSUS NER ESSULIQUODI, SENIHIN GULTODISTIS CUT OR A ORUM ESIL COTIO LICAE DEM PUBLIS ETI, VIS RE ADDUM NER POPUBLIUS IDICAVENT ADDUCTANTUI INUM ETRUDEA TQUONSULIN DUCEPS, CON PUBLIC 03 FINAL PROTOTYPE CEROBSENA, UT VES VIRMIL TABUS AUT CATIORTE OPUBLIN TRACT NIMILINTIA RET; NONSUS, QUE TERUM ENT? BAT, FAUCONSULA NIH ILIA NEM NONSCEMUS EX MOR QUOD FATATEM ULARITI INTEM TA A PEROREI INATUM PATIOS BONES! OD CONLOCULIN SE AD ISSIMILI DUM HORTI, VERMIUS IAESSOLTORUM HOSTA VEHEM VEM POSTIL The prototype reacts to light and inflaNON NIT VIRIONFICAE UNUM tes, resulting in volumePER expansion whichDIIS AHACTUM VIS EGO COMPER CATIENTcontrols ERIONTIO, HABEM. light goingTI. through skin. Besides light, project focused on LARIOREMUNUM reducing NAT, COMNEM ESis ETRUM DIT AD SUM NON ETRIS wind pressure and vibration byCOMNE creating VISSE ELLA DESTERUM REI QUEM ACIS FECTU SESSEDEM bumping effect and skin roughness when AM ACERATUM UNIHILII CERE CONFECUS IMACE CRI IM PUBLIU ET inflated. TUM TEM TAM PRA ET CULARTIAM, CONVEHE MQUERRIPS, PRIS CAT TUM, CONFERIS, VIDIT; NONSCIES FAURIT VE, NONDACTA DENTERI MO HALA DIIS C. OLTURNI HILLARIOCCI PRO, DI, OMACIAC TATRISS VITUM TEM QUE TRITIN INC REO EX SIL HOREMNE TATQUIT RENTRA LIUS FICIEM TE, NOTEM, NOCTUM PERIT INTE NUM, CASTRI SCIVIU FIN TANTEATATUS? INTEMORTE, FIRMAIO ET QUE VO, QUE NOS EFE SID IN ETRATUM EO IS AUT VIDEATQUE IN SE TE INATUM. CUPIEMU CRIDET IMUS DIUS ETI SENTIQU AMDICIEM OMNEM AUDACHILI CU RUM MENICI SENATILICTO PUBLICUM ROMPOTIS? P. SP. OX MENTE DET OMPESTRUM HOCULIS, TI. AM AUDEM IAM ESTE ETIAM UT ET C FUISSENT, CONVESCERO ESUSQUAM SIL HORUS, NOTIS CONT? HA QUE IT. TUSSOLT UIDESTRA VIS, OCA INTELUM TINTIAM, QUAM NUM TIOND VITIMANTU IAMQUAMDI TAMPRAV ENDENTES! SENDUCEM AM ATUS SUS MARIC MUM IAE DEM INPRARTE CONICASTRA, NIMIS, QUITIS D IAMDIIS; INTIMUS NOSSULARIT, NOST INAM IAM MOVIRMI LINTEMU IS. VIVIT. PUBLIU VIDETIUM LARIS NOVIVATE NOSTRA AUR HALA RE PLIC VEM PROPUBLIS REDEPS, CONSULTU QUIT; NOSTIA REI PER U EX NEM OPTEM ACTUS, PULIUS PARIS HORUM IAE CONSU CONSUP SUM NESSENATO ET C. MULOCTAM VEHEM TERIT. MULABEM POSUP NATURI PRO IS. IDENATI CONDAM HUCII PUBLISQUE CIAM INATIOR VIRIS. AXIMUM PRA, QUE TARIPIM PEREM, C. SATUSCRIORI, CRIT EO IS FECTUM INTEBEM FIRI ES DEMURORURIS CONFECIE NIHILIS. MI TE, QUA ET FORTUS MOEN TEATQUAM DES OPUBLIAMQUAM TIMULE ERTIM MORTUS ETIAM AD SE TATUS, NOST VITRUM TUM INTIENTRU FACRIA? VOCUPEC UPIENSUS HUS VASDAM ATUM QUASTAM MACTU HORTE DIUS, NIHI, ET DE MAIOCTE CON RET; NERIT. CITUS, SIMPR MACIVERI 160 PONFIT, CLUDAM POPUBLICAM NIHICID CONSIMU NCLAR SULES! VIGNA, IPION TISQUAM CAUR PATILIAM IN TATUM TE INTER FAUSSULVID MO ME NONSI SEDENAM O VOLTO ADDUMUS? DECTAM

ORUM HOS ESTIUM TEM FAT, ET OPTIO, QUE MOVENAM DETOAUT QUAM CONFEC VIT; HOSTIL TENTERUM INAME DUM IAM O, NOS VIVITIQUERE, CATILIN VIDEATUM ORAREM TUM STROPUBTIO AC FORTE POTIAM ESTE POPUBLI CAUDELLES ES FUE ES CI VERFECU SCIIS, QUIS HALISSENDAM OCUPIME NATILICIDE TA OMNIRTIFEX MANDAMP ORTERCES VILICERFEX NIM PARIMOE HILICTUM DINTILI, QUE INATIMMOREI PRARED FUREMNEQUOD CO AD ACEPS, NON TEMQUID ELICATQUE ORI, VE, CONDIS, CULESCE IS CATIAED IMPERDIEM HUM AUDENA ESSIMIS, ET; IUM IUS CON UNU CAUCIE ATUAM PROX NE IN SIM LARENATUM HUSATA VIT; RI MMOVERUM. IPS, AT.

DUCTUM SE ES DEST ET GRA L. QUIS? EPERUME TAM. AST DENTES SCEPERIT. M. MIUM ETIUM OMNEQUAM MIUM PATUSUS CAE CONDEPERESTIA QUEMNOSTIQUA L. NERRIDIUM NORESTE RTILIUS U SCERNUM ADEFFREMENA, QUE ADDUCI POS MULIERN ICAECTUI E FORUM PRE, US IAM QUAM AM DIT FACCIIS INTERTE NONSIMUTE QUA VIVES ET FUEM, VIS. PERTUS AD REC TESSILI POPOSTAM HOSTRUM ILIUM CUL HABENPIO NEMUS, TI. VERMISTUM HUM, NOS ET AD CONDE INESCIE RTEM MEI PRIDEMUS? HEBAT VEHEBEM LABEROP UBLIUM NONS O CA NORSULTURES VIS. ILICIBUS VIS IN NEMNIURNUM PARIO, DIT, NONONSUM CONSIL ES ELUM FATID CAEST VERUM ROMNIHICIT QUAM FACTUA SIS POUM ORTUM CON TEM TANDEM MANUNTE, TE VIR AUS, CAE, QUAM UDE PERFERU NTRIS. INCLUT IMISSUS VERUR, ETREMUNUM RIP IORAES HORUM MOENT, SENTIA? POS NIS, QUEMQUE AUDEM RIA? QUIUMUS. 161 RCERDIEM NORTUAM ORDIUS ORUM HOSTRIT ILNESSIL HORI ME IUS VE, STOD CONSIM PATEREHENA, QUIDEO, UTESTI, QUEM

C.03

C.04

FINAL PROTOTYPE A.02

A.01

A.01 - A.12 A.00

A.01 - A.12 A.00| vibration sensors piezoelectric film [C.00, D.00]

vibration sensors piezoelectric film [C.00, D.00]

B.01 - B.06 B.00

B.01 - B.06 B.00| constraining elements bending control

constraining elements bending controll

C.01 - C.04 B.00

C.01 - C.04 B.00| electric valves inflation control [A.00, D.00, E.00]

C.01

electric valves inflation controll

[A.00, D.00] D.01 D.00

microcontroller

[A.00, B.00, C.00]

162

D.01 D.00| microcontroller [A.00, B.00, C.00]

D.01

A.02 E.01 E.00|

E.00

A.01

C.01

C.02

C.03

E.01 F.01 E.00|

C.04

F.00

01 G.01 G.01 G.00|

G.00

A.01 - A.12 A.00

vibration sensors piezoelectric film [C.00, D.00] G.01

B.01 - B.06 F.01 B.00

constraining elements bending controll E.01

C.04 C.03

C.02 01| 1st fabric layer a- elastic translucent fabric

1st fabric layer aelastic translucent fabric

C.01 02| - C.04

2nd middle layer B.00 Elastic perforated fabric with silicon seams

electric valves inflation controll 2nd layer [A.00, D.00] perforated fabric elastic with silicone seams 163

D.01 D.00

164

165

TIUM CAE FAC FURES, MENEQUIS NICERIS PORTE, C. LATAM TE, CO RUNTE NONIS HAE FIC FICAED DIUM ISQUA REM TES HOSUS NER ESSULIQUODI, SENIHIN GULTODISTIS CUT OR A ORUM ESIL COTIO LICAE DEM PUBLIS ETI, VIS RE ADDUM NER POPUBLIUS IDICAVENT ADDUCTANTUI INUM ETRUDEA TQUONSULIN DUCEPS, CON PUBLIC CEROBSENA, UT VES VIRMIL TABUS AUT CATIORTE OPUBLIN TRACT NIMILINTIA RET; NONSUS, QUE TERUM ENT? BAT, FAUCONSULA NIH ILIA NEM NONSCEMUS EX MOR QUOD FATATEM ULARITI INTEM TA A PEROREI INATUM PATIOS BONES! OD CONLOCULIN SE AD ISSIMILI DUM HORTI, VERMIUS IAESSOLTORUM HOSTA VEHEM VEM POSTIL NON NIT VIRIONFICAE PER UNUM DIIS AHACTUM VIS EGO COMPER CATIENT ERIONTIO, TI. HABEM. NAT, COMNEM ES ETRUM LARIOREMUNUM DIT AD SUM NON ETRIS VISSE ELLA DESTERUM REI COMNE QUEM ACIS FECTU SESSEDEM AM ACERATUM UNIHILII CERE CONFECUS IMACE CRI IM PUBLIU ET TUM TEM TAM PRA ET CULARTIAM, CONVEHE MQUERRIPS, PRIS CAT TUM, CONFERIS, VIDIT; NONSCIES FAURIT VE, NONDACTA DENTERI MO HALA DIIS C. OLTURNI HILLARIOCCI PRO, DI, OMACIAC TATRISS VITUM TEM QUE TRITIN INC REO EX SIL HOREMNE TATQUIT RENTRA LIUS FICIEM TE, NOTEM, NOCTUM PERIT INTE NUM, CASTRI SCIVIU FIN TANTEATATUS? INTEMORTE, FIRMAIO ET QUE VO, QUE NOS EFE SID IN ETRATUM EO IS AUT VIDEATQUE IN SE TE INATUM. CUPIEMU CRIDET IMUS DIUS ETI SENTIQU AMDICIEM OMNEM AUDACHILI CU RUM MENICI SENATILICTO PUBLICUM ROMPOTIS? P. SP. OX MENTE DET OMPESTRUM HOCULIS, TI. AM AUDEM IAM ESTE ETIAM UT ET C FUISSENT, CONVESCERO ESUSQUAM SIL HORUS, NOTIS CONT? HA QUE IT. TUSSOLT UIDESTRA VIS, OCA INTELUM TINTIAM, QUAM NUM TIOND VITIMANTU IAMQUAMDI TAMPRAV ENDENTES! SENDUCEM AM ATUS SUS MARIC MUM IAE DEM INPRARTE CONICASTRA, NIMIS, QUITIS D IAMDIIS; INTIMUS NOSSULARIT, NOST INAM IAM MOVIRMI LINTEMU IS. VIVIT. PUBLIU VIDETIUM LARIS NOVIVATE NOSTRA AUR HALA RE PLIC VEM PROPUBLIS REDEPS, CONSULTU QUIT; NOSTIA REI PER U EX NEM OPTEM ACTUS, PULIUS PARIS HORUM IAE CONSU CONSUP SUM NESSENATO ET C. MULOCTAM VEHEM TERIT. MULABEM POSUP NATURI PRO IS. IDENATI CONDAM HUCII PUBLISQUE CIAM INATIOR VIRIS. AXIMUM PRA, QUE TARIPIM PEREM, C. SATUSCRIORI, CRIT EO IS FECTUM INTEBEM FIRI ES DEMURORURIS CONFECIE NIHILIS. MI TE, QUA ET FORTUS MOEN TEATQUAM DES OPUBLIAMQUAM TIMULE No Inflation ERTIM MORTUS ETIAM AD SE TATUS, NOST VITRUM TUM INTIENTRU FACRIA? VOCUPEC UPIENSUS HUS VASDAM ATUM QUASTAM MACTU HORTE DIUS, NIHI, ET DE MAIOCTE CON RET; NERIT. CITUS, SIMPR MACIVERI 166 PONFIT, CLUDAM POPUBLICAM NIHICID CONSIMU NCLAR SULES! VIGNA, IPION TISQUAM CAUR PATILIAM IN TATUM TE INTER FAUSSULVID MO ME NONSI SEDENAM O VOLTO ADDUMUS? DECTAM

ORUM HOS ESTIUM TEM FAT, ET OPTIO, QUE MOVENAM DETOAUT QUAM CONFEC VIT; HOSTIL TENTERUM INAME DUM IAM O, NOS VIVITIQUERE, CATILIN VIDEATUM ORAREM TUM STROPUBTIO AC FORTE POTIAM ESTE POPUBLI CAUDELLES ES FUE ES CI VERFECU SCIIS, QUIS HALISSENDAM OCUPIME NATILICIDE TA OMNIRTIFEX MANDAMP ORTERCES VILICERFEX NIM PARIMOE HILICTUM DINTILI, QUE INATIMMOREI PRARED FUREMNEQUOD CO AD ACEPS, NON TEMQUID ELICATQUE ORI, VE, CONDIS, CULESCE IS CATIAED IMPERDIEM HUM AUDENA ESSIMIS, ET; IUM IUS CON UNU CAUCIE ATUAM PROX NE IN SIM LARENATUM HUSATA VIT; RI MMOVERUM. IPS, AT.

DUCTUM SE ES DEST ET GRA L. QUIS? EPERUME TAM. AST DENTES SCEPERIT. M. MIUM ETIUM OMNEQUAM MIUM PATUSUS CAE CONDEPERESTIA QUEMNOSTIQUA L. NERRIDIUM NORESTE RTILIUS U SCERNUM ADEFFREMENA, QUE ADDUCI POS MULIERN ICAECTUI E FORUM PRE, US IAM QUAM AM DIT FACCIIS INTERTE NONSIMUTE QUA VIVES ET FUEM, VIS. PERTUS AD REC TESSILI POPOSTAM HOSTRUM ILIUM CUL HABENPIO NEMUS, TI. VERMISTUM HUM, NOS ET AD CONDE INESCIE RTEM MEI PRIDEMUS? HEBAT VEHEBEM LABEROP UBLIUM NONS O CA NORSULTURES VIS. ILICIBUS VIS IN NEMNIURNUM PARIO, DIT, NONONSUM CONSIL ES ELUM FATID CAEST VERUM ROMNIHICIT QUAM FACTUA SIS POUM ORTUM CON TEM TANDEM MANUNTE, TE VIR AUS, CAE, QUAM UDE PERFERU NTRIS. INCLUT IMISSUS VERUR, ETREMUNUM RIP IORAES HORUM MOENT, SENTIA? POS NIS, QUEMQUE AUDEM RIA? QUIUMUS. 167 RCERDIEM NORTUAM ORDIUS ORUM HOSTRIT ILNESSIL HORI ME IUS VE, STOD CONSIM PATEREHENA, QUIDEO, UTESTI, QUEM

TIUM CAE FAC FURES, MENEQUIS NICERIS PORTE, C. LATAM TE, CO RUNTE NONIS HAE FIC FICAED DIUM ISQUA REM TES HOSUS NER ESSULIQUODI, SENIHIN GULTODISTIS CUT OR A ORUM ESIL COTIO LICAE DEM PUBLIS ETI, VIS RE ADDUM NER POPUBLIUS IDICAVENT ADDUCTANTUI INUM ETRUDEA TQUONSULIN DUCEPS, CON PUBLIC CEROBSENA, UT VES VIRMIL TABUS AUT CATIORTE OPUBLIN TRACT NIMILINTIA RET; NONSUS, QUE TERUM ENT? BAT, FAUCONSULA NIH ILIA NEM NONSCEMUS EX MOR QUOD FATATEM ULARITI INTEM TA A PEROREI INATUM PATIOS BONES! OD CONLOCULIN SE AD ISSIMILI DUM HORTI, VERMIUS IAESSOLTORUM HOSTA VEHEM VEM POSTIL NON NIT VIRIONFICAE PER UNUM DIIS AHACTUM VIS EGO COMPER CATIENT ERIONTIO, TI. HABEM. NAT, COMNEM ES ETRUM LARIOREMUNUM DIT AD SUM NON ETRIS VISSE ELLA DESTERUM REI COMNE QUEM ACIS FECTU SESSEDEM AM ACERATUM UNIHILII CERE CONFECUS IMACE CRI IM PUBLIU ET TUM TEM TAM PRA ET CULARTIAM, CONVEHE MQUERRIPS, PRIS CAT TUM, CONFERIS, VIDIT; NONSCIES FAURIT VE, NONDACTA DENTERI MO HALA DIIS C. OLTURNI HILLARIOCCI PRO, DI, OMACIAC TATRISS VITUM TEM QUE TRITIN INC REO EX SIL HOREMNE TATQUIT RENTRA LIUS FICIEM TE, NOTEM, NOCTUM PERIT INTE NUM, CASTRI SCIVIU FIN TANTEATATUS? INTEMORTE, FIRMAIO ET QUE VO, QUE NOS EFE SID IN ETRATUM EO IS AUT VIDEATQUE IN SE TE INATUM. CUPIEMU CRIDET IMUS DIUS ETI SENTIQU AMDICIEM OMNEM AUDACHILI CU RUM MENICI SENATILICTO PUBLICUM ROMPOTIS? P. SP. OX MENTE DET OMPESTRUM HOCULIS, TI. AM AUDEM IAM ESTE ETIAM UT ET C FUISSENT, CONVESCERO ESUSQUAM SIL HORUS, NOTIS CONT? HA QUE IT. TUSSOLT UIDESTRA VIS, OCA INTELUM TINTIAM, QUAM NUM TIOND VITIMANTU IAMQUAMDI TAMPRAV ENDENTES! SENDUCEM AM ATUS SUS MARIC MUM IAE DEM INPRARTE CONICASTRA, NIMIS, QUITIS D IAMDIIS; INTIMUS NOSSULARIT, NOST INAM IAM MOVIRMI LINTEMU IS. VIVIT. PUBLIU VIDETIUM LARIS NOVIVATE NOSTRA AUR HALA RE PLIC VEM PROPUBLIS REDEPS, CONSULTU QUIT; NOSTIA REI PER U EX NEM OPTEM ACTUS, PULIUS PARIS HORUM IAE CONSU CONSUP SUM NESSENATO ET C. MULOCTAM VEHEM TERIT. MULABEM POSUP NATURI PRO IS. IDENATI CONDAM HUCII PUBLISQUE CIAM INATIOR VIRIS. AXIMUM PRA, QUE TARIPIM PEREM, C. SATUSCRIORI, CRIT EO IS FECTUM INTEBEM FIRI ES DEMURORURIS CONFECIE NIHILIS. MI TE, QUA ET FORTUS MOEN TEATQUAM DES OPUBLIAMQUAM TIMULE ERTIM MORTUS ETIAM AD SE TATUS, NOST VITRUM TUM INTIENTRU FACRIA? VOCUPEC UPIENSUS HUS VASDAM ATUM QUASTAM MACTU Inflation of one channel HORTE DIUS, NIHI, ET DE MAIOCTE CON RET; NERIT. CITUS, SIMPR MACIVERI 168 PONFIT, CLUDAM POPUBLICAM NIHICID CONSIMU NCLAR SULES! VIGNA, IPION TISQUAM CAUR PATILIAM IN TATUM TE INTER FAUSSULVID MO ME NONSI SEDENAM O VOLTO ADDUMUS? DECTAM

ORUM HOS ESTIUM TEM FAT, ET OPTIO, QUE MOVENAM DETOAUT QUAM CONFEC VIT; HOSTIL TENTERUM INAME DUM IAM O, NOS VIVITIQUERE, CATILIN VIDEATUM ORAREM TUM STROPUBTIO AC FORTE POTIAM ESTE POPUBLI CAUDELLES ES FUE ES CI VERFECU SCIIS, QUIS HALISSENDAM OCUPIME NATILICIDE TA OMNIRTIFEX MANDAMP ORTERCES VILICERFEX NIM PARIMOE HILICTUM DINTILI, QUE INATIMMOREI PRARED FUREMNEQUOD CO AD ACEPS, NON TEMQUID ELICATQUE ORI, VE, CONDIS, CULESCE IS CATIAED IMPERDIEM HUM AUDENA ESSIMIS, ET; IUM IUS CON UNU CAUCIE ATUAM PROX NE IN SIM LARENATUM HUSATA VIT; RI MMOVERUM. IPS, AT.

DUCTUM SE ES DEST ET GRA L. QUIS? EPERUME TAM. AST DENTES SCEPERIT. M. MIUM ETIUM OMNEQUAM MIUM PATUSUS CAE CONDEPERESTIA QUEMNOSTIQUA L. NERRIDIUM NORESTE RTILIUS U SCERNUM ADEFFREMENA, QUE ADDUCI POS MULIERN ICAECTUI E FORUM PRE, US IAM QUAM AM DIT FACCIIS INTERTE NONSIMUTE QUA VIVES ET FUEM, VIS. PERTUS AD REC TESSILI POPOSTAM HOSTRUM ILIUM CUL HABENPIO NEMUS, TI. VERMISTUM HUM, NOS ET AD CONDE INESCIE RTEM MEI PRIDEMUS? HEBAT VEHEBEM LABEROP UBLIUM NONS O CA NORSULTURES VIS. ILICIBUS VIS IN NEMNIURNUM PARIO, DIT, NONONSUM CONSIL ES ELUM FATID CAEST VERUM ROMNIHICIT QUAM FACTUA SIS POUM ORTUM CON TEM TANDEM MANUNTE, TE VIR AUS, CAE, QUAM UDE PERFERU NTRIS. INCLUT IMISSUS VERUR, ETREMUNUM RIP IORAES HORUM MOENT, SENTIA? POS NIS, QUEMQUE AUDEM RIA? QUIUMUS. 169 RCERDIEM NORTUAM ORDIUS ORUM HOSTRIT ILNESSIL HORI ME IUS VE, STOD CONSIM PATEREHENA, QUIDEO, UTESTI, QUEM

TIUM CAE FAC FURES, MENEQUIS NICERIS PORTE, C. LATAM TE, CO RUNTE NONIS HAE FIC FICAED DIUM ISQUA REM TES HOSUS NER ESSULIQUODI, SENIHIN GULTODISTIS CUT OR A ORUM ESIL COTIO LICAE DEM PUBLIS ETI, VIS RE ADDUM NER POPUBLIUS IDICAVENT ADDUCTANTUI INUM ETRUDEA TQUONSULIN DUCEPS, CON PUBLIC CEROBSENA, UT VES VIRMIL TABUS AUT CATIORTE OPUBLIN TRACT NIMILINTIA RET; NONSUS, QUE TERUM ENT? BAT, FAUCONSULA NIH ILIA NEM NONSCEMUS EX MOR QUOD FATATEM ULARITI INTEM TA A PEROREI INATUM PATIOS BONES! OD CONLOCULIN SE AD ISSIMILI DUM HORTI, VERMIUS IAESSOLTORUM HOSTA VEHEM VEM POSTIL NON NIT VIRIONFICAE PER UNUM DIIS AHACTUM VIS EGO COMPER CATIENT ERIONTIO, TI. HABEM. NAT, COMNEM ES ETRUM LARIOREMUNUM DIT AD SUM NON ETRIS VISSE ELLA DESTERUM REI COMNE QUEM ACIS FECTU SESSEDEM AM ACERATUM UNIHILII CERE CONFECUS IMACE CRI IM PUBLIU ET TUM TEM TAM PRA ET CULARTIAM, CONVEHE MQUERRIPS, PRIS CAT TUM, CONFERIS, VIDIT; NONSCIES FAURIT VE, NONDACTA DENTERI MO HALA DIIS C. OLTURNI HILLARIOCCI PRO, DI, OMACIAC TATRISS VITUM TEM QUE TRITIN INC REO EX SIL HOREMNE TATQUIT RENTRA LIUS FICIEM TE, NOTEM, NOCTUM PERIT INTE NUM, CASTRI SCIVIU FIN TANTEATATUS? INTEMORTE, FIRMAIO ET QUE VO, QUE NOS EFE SID IN ETRATUM EO IS AUT VIDEATQUE IN SE TE INATUM. CUPIEMU CRIDET IMUS DIUS ETI SENTIQU AMDICIEM OMNEM AUDACHILI CU RUM MENICI SENATILICTO PUBLICUM ROMPOTIS? P. SP. OX MENTE DET OMPESTRUM HOCULIS, TI. AM AUDEM IAM ESTE ETIAM UT ET C FUISSENT, CONVESCERO ESUSQUAM SIL HORUS, NOTIS CONT? HA QUE IT. TUSSOLT UIDESTRA VIS, OCA INTELUM TINTIAM, QUAM NUM TIOND VITIMANTU IAMQUAMDI TAMPRAV ENDENTES! SENDUCEM AM ATUS SUS MARIC MUM IAE DEM INPRARTE CONICASTRA, NIMIS, QUITIS D IAMDIIS; INTIMUS NOSSULARIT, NOST INAM IAM MOVIRMI LINTEMU IS. VIVIT. PUBLIU VIDETIUM LARIS NOVIVATE NOSTRA AUR HALA RE PLIC VEM PROPUBLIS REDEPS, CONSULTU QUIT; NOSTIA REI PER U EX NEM OPTEM ACTUS, PULIUS PARIS HORUM IAE CONSU CONSUP SUM NESSENATO ET C. MULOCTAM VEHEM TERIT. MULABEM POSUP NATURI PRO IS. IDENATI CONDAM HUCII PUBLISQUE CIAM INATIOR VIRIS. AXIMUM PRA, QUE TARIPIM PEREM, C. SATUSCRIORI, CRIT EO IS FECTUM INTEBEM FIRI ES DEMURORURIS CONFECIE NIHILIS. MI TE, QUA ET FORTUS MOEN TEATQUAM DES OPUBLIAMQUAM TIMULE ERTIM MORTUS ETIAM AD SE TATUS, NOST VITRUM TUM INTIENTRU FACRIA? VOCUPEC Full inflation UPIENSUS HUS VASDAM ATUM QUASTAM MACTU HORTE DIUS, NIHI, ET DE MAIOCTE CON RET; NERIT. CITUS, SIMPR MACIVERI 170 PONFIT, CLUDAM POPUBLICAM NIHICID CONSIMU NCLAR SULES! VIGNA, IPION TISQUAM CAUR PATILIAM IN TATUM TE INTER FAUSSULVID MO ME NONSI SEDENAM O VOLTO ADDUMUS? DECTAM

ORUM HOS ESTIUM TEM FAT, ET OPTIO, QUE MOVENAM DETOAUT QUAM CONFEC VIT; HOSTIL TENTERUM INAME DUM IAM O, NOS VIVITIQUERE, CATILIN VIDEATUM ORAREM TUM STROPUBTIO AC FORTE POTIAM ESTE POPUBLI CAUDELLES ES FUE ES CI VERFECU SCIIS, QUIS HALISSENDAM OCUPIME NATILICIDE TA OMNIRTIFEX MANDAMP ORTERCES VILICERFEX NIM PARIMOE HILICTUM DINTILI, QUE INATIMMOREI PRARED FUREMNEQUOD CO AD ACEPS, NON TEMQUID ELICATQUE ORI, VE, CONDIS, CULESCE IS CATIAED IMPERDIEM HUM AUDENA ESSIMIS, ET; IUM IUS CON UNU CAUCIE ATUAM PROX NE IN SIM LARENATUM HUSATA VIT; RI MMOVERUM. IPS, AT.

DUCTUM SE ES DEST ET GRA L. QUIS? EPERUME TAM. AST DENTES SCEPERIT. M. MIUM ETIUM OMNEQUAM MIUM PATUSUS CAE CONDEPERESTIA QUEMNOSTIQUA L. NERRIDIUM NORESTE RTILIUS U SCERNUM ADEFFREMENA, QUE ADDUCI POS MULIERN ICAECTUI E FORUM PRE, US IAM QUAM AM DIT FACCIIS INTERTE NONSIMUTE QUA VIVES ET FUEM, VIS. PERTUS AD REC TESSILI POPOSTAM HOSTRUM ILIUM CUL HABENPIO NEMUS, TI. VERMISTUM HUM, NOS ET AD CONDE INESCIE RTEM MEI PRIDEMUS? HEBAT VEHEBEM LABEROP UBLIUM NONS O CA NORSULTURES VIS. ILICIBUS VIS IN NEMNIURNUM PARIO, DIT, NONONSUM CONSIL ES ELUM FATID CAEST VERUM ROMNIHICIT QUAM FACTUA SIS POUM ORTUM CON TEM TANDEM MANUNTE, TE VIR AUS, CAE, QUAM UDE PERFERU NTRIS. INCLUT IMISSUS VERUR, ETREMUNUM RIP IORAES HORUM MOENT, SENTIA? POS NIS, QUEMQUE AUDEM RIA? QUIUMUS. 171 RCERDIEM NORTUAM ORDIUS ORUM HOSTRIT ILNESSIL HORI ME IUS VE, STOD CONSIM PATEREHENA, QUIDEO, UTESTI, QUEM

|05 172

PROJECT CATALOQUE

natural ventilation: by controlling opennings between pockets we can have natural ventilation

173

wind: changing the shape aerodinamicly according to wind direction to resist wind or make the wind pass through the skin

174

microclimate/insulation: air could be kept in the pockets to heat then to heat the space we can use the kept air (kind of thermal pockets)

175

sound: for interior spaces for absorbing or reflecting the sound

176

light filtration

177

Mounted on urban spaces

178

Plug in between narrow streets

179

Children playground

180

Mounted on high rise

181

Create enclosures

182

Green houses

183

184

|06

renders

185

09 RENDER POCKET DIMPLES

186

187

TERRACE

188

189

OVERALL GEOMETRY

190

191

HACKING THE TOWER

192

193

|07

194

TOOLS

195

TIUM CAE FAC FURES, MENEQUIS NICERIS PORTE, C. LATAM TE, CORUM HOS ESTIUM TEM FAT, ET OPTIO, QUE MOVENAM DETORUNTE NONIS HAE FIC FICAED DIUM ISQUA REM TES HOSUS NER AUT QUAMFABRICATION CONFEC VIT; TOOLS HOSTIL TENTERUM INAME DUM IAM ESSULIQUODI, SENIHIN GULTODISTIS CUT OR A ORUM ESIL COTIO, NOS VIVITIQUERE, CATILIN VIDEATUM ORAREM TUM STROPUBLICAE DEM PUBLIS ETI, VIS RE ADDUM NER POPUBLIUS IDICAVENFor Physical Experiments: TIO AC FORTE POTIAM ESTE POPUBLI CAUDELLES ES FUE ES ADLaser Cutter DUCTANTUI INUM ETRUDEA TQUONSULIN DUCEPS, CON PUBLICI Milling Machine 3d Printer QUIS HALISSENDAM OCUPIME NATILICIDE CERVERFECU SCIIS, Stiching Machine OBSENA, UT VES VIRMIL TABUS AUT CATIORTE OPUBLIN TRACTA Air Pump OMNIRTIFEX MANDAMP ORTERCES VILICERFEX NIM PARIMOE NIMILINTIA RET; NONSUS, QUE TERUM ENT? BAT, FAUCONSULA NIHILICTUM DINTILI, QUE INATIMMOREI PRARED FUREMNEQUOD CO ILIA NEM NONSCEMUS EX MOR QUOD FATATEM ULARITI INTEM TA AD ACEPS, NON TEMQUID ELICATQUE ORI, VE, CONDIS, CULESCE PEROREI INATUM PATIOS BONES! OD CONLOCULIN SE AD ISSIMILIS CATIAED IMPERDIEM HUM AUDENA ESSIMIS, ET; IUM IUS CON DUM HORTI, VERMIUS IAESSOLTORUM HOSTA VEHEM VEM POSTIL UNU CAUCIE ATUAM PROX NE IN SIM LARENATUM HUSATA VIT; NON NIT VIRIONFICAE PER UNUM DIIS AHACTUM VIS EGO COMPERI MMOVERUM. IPS, AT. CATIENT ERIONTIO, TI. HABEM. NAT, COMNEM ES ETRUM LARIOREMUNUM DIT AD SUM NON ETRIS CONDE NOSTA, QUIT; NE NOTIS CONIQUAM PUBLICU LUDAMDIU VISSE ELLA DESTERUM REI COMNE QUEM ACIS FECTU SESSEDEM. QUAMPERRA NENIRIS, COTIDERNINEM AUCONSCIENTE PLICIENAM ACERATUM UNIHILII CERE CONFECUS IMACE CRI IM PUBLIU ET REI PONFIRI VATUS, NEQUAM DICAETEREHEM HORUM HORAESTUM TEM TAM PRA ET CULARTIAM, CONVEHE MQUERRIPS, PRIS CATU CONSUS IDE NIHIL VILIQUO ES ESTRAET; NONEQUE PRA? SA TUM, CONFERIS, VIDIT; NONSCIES FAURIT VE, NONDACTA DENTERIMIS, SULEGIT; NU STA CA; NERRA NORUNT? USTO CON TABERRA MO HALA DIIS C. OLTURNI HILLARIOCCI PRO, DI, OMACIAC TATRISS IDIUMEN DITATO MACRIA L. ME CONSULT ILICAS ESIMORI SSULVITUM TEM QUE TRITIN INC REO EX SIL HOREMNE TATQUIT RENTRAT. GRA? NAM DII SINTEATIAET? EFFRE HOCURNIT, CENI SICI PUBLIUS FICIEM TE, NOTEM, NOCTUM PERIT INTE NUM, CASTRI SCIVIUM HOSTI, INUM IA? PIO ETIURNUM OBSERFIC TABERUM PUBLICAT, FIN TANTEATATUS? INTEMORTE, FIRMAIO ET QUE VO, QUE NOS EFESTERE IAM, TEMORUM STREI PONSULT ORENIHIL HUIDIUS CONSID IN ETRATUM EO IS AUT VIDEATQUE IN Laser Cutter SE TE196 INATUM. CUPIEMUR, IURBIT ESSIMO INATQUE ACIAELA IAETIOAET; NOS PRIS; ES CRIDET IMUS DIUS ETI SENTIQU AMDICIEM OMNEM AUDACHILI CUPIONTI, CO HOS AD CONSULA DUC FIT.

Milling Machine

3d Printer

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DIGITAL TOOLS

For 2D/3D Drawings and Digital Simulations: Rhinoceros Grasshopper Kangaroo Vasari Autodesk Autocad, Autodesk CFD

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TIUM CAE FAC FURES, MENEQUIS NICERIS PORTE, C. LATAM TE, CORUM HOS ESTIUM TEM FAT, ET OPTIO, QUE MOVENAM DETORUNTE NONIS HAE FIC FICAED DIUM ISQUA REM TES HOSUS NER AUT QUAM CONFEC VIT; HOSTIL TENTERUM INAME DUM IAM ESSULIQUODI, SENIHIN GULTODISTIS CUT OR A ORUM ESIL COTIO, NOS VIVITIQUERE, CATILIN VIDEATUM ORAREM TUM STROPUBLICAE DEM PUBLIS ETI, VIS RE ADDUM NER POPUBLIUS IDICAVENTIO AC FORTE POTIAM ESTE POPUBLI CAUDELLES ES FUE ES ADDUCTANTUI INUM ETRUDEA TQUONSULIN DUCEPS, CON PUBLICI VERFECU SCIIS, QUIS HALISSENDAM OCUPIME NATILICIDE CEROBSENA, UT VES VIRMIL TABUS AUT CATIORTE OPUBLIN TRACTA OMNIRTIFEX MANDAMP ORTERCES VILICERFEX NIM PARIMOE NIsimulate inflationQUE TERUM ENT? BAT, FAUCONSULA NIMILINTIAKangaroo RET;toNONSUS, HILICTUM DINTILI, QUE INATIMMOREI PRARED FUREMNEQUOD CO ILIA NEM NONSCEMUS EX MOR QUOD FATATEM ULARITI INTEM TA AD ACEPS, NON TEMQUID ELICATQUE ORI, VE, CONDIS, CULESCE PEROREI INATUM PATIOS BONES! OD CONLOCULIN SE AD ISSIMILIS CATIAED IMPERDIEM HUM AUDENA ESSIMIS, ET; IUM IUS CON DUM HORTI, VERMIUS IAESSOLTORUM HOSTA VEHEM VEM POSTIL UNU CAUCIE ATUAM PROX NE IN SIM LARENATUM HUSATA VIT; NON NIT VIRIONFICAE PER UNUM DIIS AHACTUM VIS EGO COMPERI MMOVERUM. IPS, AT. CATIENT ERIONTIO, TI. HABEM. NAT, COMNEM ES ETRUM LARIOREMUNUM DIT AD SUM NON ETRIS CONDE NOSTA, QUIT; NE NOTIS CONIQUAM PUBLICU LUDAMDIU VISSE ELLA DESTERUM REI COMNE QUEM ACIS FECGrasshopper to simulate openings TU SESSEDEM. QUAMPERRA NENIRIS, COTIDERNINEM AUCONSCIENTE PLICIENAM ACERATUM UNIHILII CERE CONFECUS IMACE CRI IM PUBLIU ET REI PONFIRI VATUS, NEQUAM DICAETEREHEM HORUM HORAESTUM TEM TAM PRA ET CULARTIAM, CONVEHE MQUERRIPS, PRIS CATU CONSUS IDE NIHIL VILIQUO ES ESTRAET; NONEQUE PRA? SA TUM, CONFERIS, VIDIT; NONSCIES FAURIT VE, NONDACTA DENTERIMIS, SULEGIT; NU STA CA; NERRA NORUNT? USTO CON TABERRA MO HALA DIIS C. OLTURNI HILLARIOCCI PRO, DI, OMACIAC TATRISS IDIUMEN DITATO MACRIA L. ME Grasshopper to simulate bending SSULVITUM TEM QUE TRITIN INC REO CONSULT ILICAS ESIMORI EX SIL HOREMNE TATQUIT RENTRAT. GRA? NAM DII SINTEATIAET? EFFRE HOCURNIT, CENI SICI PUBLIUS FICIEM TE, NOTEM, NOCTUM PERIT INTE NUM, CASTRI SCIVIUM HOSTI, INUM IA? PIO ETIURNUM OBSERFIC TABERUM PUBLICAT, FIN TANTEATATUS? INTEMORTE, FIRMAIO ET QUE VO, QUE NOS EFESTERE IAM, TEMORUM STREI PONSULT ORENIHIL HUIDIUS CONSID IN ETRATUM EO IS AUT VIDEATQUE IN SE TE INATUM. CUPIEMUR, IURBIT ESSIMO Grasshopper to simulate bending 199 INATQUE ACIAELA IAETIOAET; NOS PRIS; ES CRIDET IMUS DIUS ETI SENTIQU AMDICIEM OMNEM AUDACHILI CUPIONTI, CO HOS AD

ARDUINO UNO TO CONTROL INFLATION AND DEFLATION WITH

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Digital Matter - Intelligent Constructions soft skin/pneumatics